Although the espasticidade treatment in patients with cerebral palsy is based essentially on cinesioterapia and drugs administrated as chemical blockades infiltration or orally, there are situations where such aid does not have the desired effect, either because of the seriousness of the espasticidade or contra-indications and adverse effects of the botulinum toxin. We can also see human musculoskeletal apparatus deformities resulting from constant deforming stimulus of espasticidade and amendment biomechanics that it imposes on the member positioning during the gait, ortostatismo or other rest positions. In this situation, are indicated surgical procedures which aim at improving the condition of positioning biomechanics, adequacy and efficiency of movement in general. This review article has the aim to provide alternative forms of drug administration for the control of espasticidade, as baclofen bump that requires a chirurgical procedure and others indications and surgeries for the control of espasticidade and its consequences as deformities. We will discuss also the indications for physiotherapy procedures and ortheses indications with the indication to reduce spasticity.


Butachlor, as a chloracetamide herbicide, is widely used in China. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to different concentrations of butachlor (0, 25, 50, 100 μg L-1) for 30 d, to determine the effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axes. Seven different endpoints were examined: whole-body T4 and T3, TRH and TSH contents, body growth (weight and fork length) and condition factor. The results indicated that butachlor did not affect the mortality, mean length and the contents of TRH and TSH in juveniles, while significantly increased the mean weight, condition factor and the contents of T4 and T3, suggesting that butachlor might be a thyroid disrupter.


We have developed a method that for the first time allowed us to synthesize silica particles in 20 minutes using a sol-gel preparation. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the synthesis mechanism and kinetic behavior in order to achieve a higher degree of fine tuning ability during the synthesis. In this study, we have employed our ability to modulate the physical nature of the reaction medium from sol-gel to emulsion, which has allowed us to halt the reaction at a particular time; this has allowed us to precisely understand the mechanism and chemistry of the silica polymerization. The synthesis medium is kept quite simple with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor in an equi-volumetric ethanol-water system and with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. Synthesis is performed under ambient conditions at 20 °C for 20 minutes followed by phasing out of any unreacted TEOS and polysilicic acid chains via their emulsification with supersaturated water. We have also demonstrated that the developed particles with various sizes can be used as seeds for further particle growth and other applications. Luminol, a chemiluminescent molecule, has been entrapped successfully between the layers of silica and was demonstrated for the chemiluminescence of these particles.


The 'resource-based' view focuses on unique resources as the fundamental sources of competitive advantage and superior profits. We use a game-theoretic model to analyze the impact of the deployment of unique resources on product market competition, and the impact of unique resources and sustainable competitive advantages on profits when the competitive implications of resource deployment are taken into account. We find that some of the core propositions of the resource-based view do not necessarily hold when the impact of resource deployment on product market competition is explicitly considered. Specifically, the accumulation and deployment of unique resources does not necessarily increase the firm's profit and the difference between its profit and competitors' profits. Furthermore, achieving a sustainable competitive advantage does not necessarily lead to higher profits. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract In 2014, the Province of Ontario, Canada undertook a number of legislative changes regarding child care. Part way through the process, a series of tragic focusing events occurred: a number of infants and children died in unlicensed child care over a short period of time. Despite these events, the Province chose to allow a portion of the family child care (FCC) sector to remain unlicensed and essentially unregulated in a sector that is otherwise subject to strict licensing and regulation. Drawing on research on risk regulation, we analyse FCC regulation in comparison to other sectors and find that FCC is surprisingly under-regulated, given the health and safety risks. Legislative debate analysis reveals a number of rationales for non-regulation. In addition to pragmatic political concerns such as costs associated with licensing, analysis reveals concerns about choice and accessibility over quality and safety. We conclude with a call for a research agenda to further examine parents' and policy-makers' perceptions of risk.


Severe stem-end rind breakdown (SERB) of 'Valencia' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] exported from Florida to Korea and Taiwan has been reported in recent years. The effects of clipping vs. pulling, coating application, storage temperature, and fruit size on SERB of 'Valencia' oranges werestudied during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 seasons. These studies demonstrated that storage temperature is the most significant factor influencing SERB of 'Valencia' oranges. Three weeks after packing, fruit stored at 70°F (21 °C) with 70 ±3% relative humidity (RH) had 61% SERB, while fruit stored at 40°F (4°C) under the same RH had only 1.3% SERB. Coating application and formulation did not result in consistent effects on fruit SERB incidence. Fruit size and harvesting methods (pulling vs. clipping) did not significantly influence the incidence of fruit with SERB symptoms.


This paper explores the use of Library Catalog Analysis (LCA), defined as the application of bibliometric or informetric techniques to a set of library online catalogs, to describe quantitatively a scientific-scholarly field on the basis of published book titles. It focuses on its value as a tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities, especially its cognitive structures, main book publishers and the research performance of its actors. The paper proposes an analogy model between traditional citation analysis of journal articles and library catalog analysis of book titles. It presents the outcomes of an exploratory study of book titles in Economics included in 42 academic library catalogs from 7 countries. It describes the process of data collection and cleaning, and applies a series of indicators. It illustrates how LCA can be fruitfully used to assess book production and research performance at the level of publishers. It discusses a number of issues that should be addressed in follow-up studies and concludes that LCA of published book titles can be developed into a powerful and useful tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities.


www.ijarcet.org 2108 Abstract – Face Recognition is a computer based application which detects the faces of different persons for authentication and various other purposes. It has separate applications from the fingerprint and iris recognitions. There are various successful techniques are purposed so far as Holistical methods and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). In this paper, we build a simple and fast face recognition system on the basis of feature extraction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA).This paper explains how the faces, having some variations like facial expressions, hairstyles and viewing conditions w.r.t the original faces reserved in the database, are detected with improved accuracy and success rate.


Inforum models are described as internationally-linkable, dynamic, interindustry models which imitate as closely as possible the way the economy behaves. They models are contrasted with classical input–output models, pure econometric models, and CGE models. Their common elements are set out and the common software described. The rest of this issue of this Journal is introduced.


Objectives Thyroid dysfunction is linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, studies on the relationships between thyroid diseases and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have reported conflicting results. We investigated the associations between several thyroid diseases and AD in a nested case-control study. Methods A total of 1,977 participants with AD were identified by claims data from 2002-2015 among a random sample of half a million people in the Korean National Health Insurance database. We recruited 16,473 age- and sex-matched (1:4 ratio) control participants and applied conditional logistic regression to estimate the relationships between thyroid diseases and AD, with adjustments for potential confounders, such as basic demographics, lifestyle factors, and various medical conditions or comorbidities. Results The prevalence rates of hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR]=1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-1.30), thyroiditis (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.05-1.40), and hyperthyroidism (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.01-1.28) were significantly higher in participants with AD than in control participants after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion In this large national sample, we found significant relationships between several thyroid diseases and AD. Despite of the need for further investigation, these findings could better support to appreciate the pathophysiology of AD.


We have produced a panel of cloned T cell lines from the BDC-2.5 TCR transgenic (Tg) mouse that exhibit a Th2 cytokine phenotype in vitro but are highly diabetogenic in vivo. Unlike an earlier report in which T cells obtained from the Tg mouse were cultured for 1 wk under Th2-promoting conditions and were found to induce disease only in NOD.scid recipients, we found that long-term T cell clones with a fixed Th2 cytokine profile can transfer disease only to young nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and never to NOD.scid recipients. Furthermore, the mechanism by which diabetes is transferred by a Tg Th2 T cell clone differs from that of the original CD4+ Th1 BDC-2.5 T cell clone made in this laboratory. Whereas the BDC-2.5 clone rapidly causes disease in NOD.scid recipients less than 2 wk old, the Tg Th2 T cell clones can do so only when cotransferred with other diabetogenic T cells, suggesting that the Th2 T cell requires the presence of host T cells for initiation of disease.


Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation strongly affects the practice of physicians dealing with hematological malignancies. In this respect, in collaboration with the Italian Lymphoma Foundation we developed a descriptive study of the real-life approach of physicians caring for patients with these diseases. A questionnaire was designed to explore the perception of HBV reactivation-related issues. Fifty-nine Italian Lymphoma Foundation-affiliated institutions participated, and 504 questionnaires were sent out. Forty institutions (67.8%) returned 154 (30.5%) completed questionnaires. The largest majority (91.5%, 141/154) were aware of possible HBV reactivation as a consequence of immunosuppression. Most of the participants providing an answer (93.3%; 126/135) performed universal screening, and were aware of strategies for managing reactivation (96.4%, 132/137). Specialists treating lymphoma show a high level of awareness concerning the management of HBV reactivation under immunosuppression. However, uncertainties regarding the issue of HBV reactivation still emerge in this setting, and thus continuing collaborative effort between hepatologists and hematologists is necessary.


This paper proposes a method for controlling posture of a robot manipulator by fuzzy voice commands. Human-friendly robotic system should be able to understand the fuzzy linguistic information based on the user's guidance and the environmental conditions. The contextual meaning of fuzzy linguistic information depends on the conditions of the environment. Therefore, the user's feedback is evaluated to understand the fuzzy linguistic information related to the posture movements. The primitive posture movements are evaluated by the behavior evaluation network (BEN). Feedback evaluation system (FES) is introduced to evaluate the user's feedback to correct the robot perception by adapting the BEN. The capability of evaluating fuzzy linguistic information based on the current context is enhanced. A selected set of posture movements are used to illustrate the system by using a PA-10 robot manipulator.


Improved studentslearning activities using namber bags media in learning mathematics to second grade students of madrasah ibtidaiyah sanawiyah bustanul ulum sugai ambawang. The purpose of this study is to describe about the improved students learning activities in learning mathematics. The method used was descriptive method H was a the research subject were teachers and students. In cycle 1, teachers ability in preparing lesson plan by using number bags media on cycle 1 was categorized as enough, and improved to be better on cycle 2. The ability of teachers in learning implementation used number bags media on cycle 1 was categorizedas enough and be better on cycle 2. The students activities in learning process on cycle 1 was about 58,55% (less), where as on cycle 2 was being 90,48% (excellent). It was improved about 37,97%. The students result in learing mathematics used number bags media was 63,91% on cycle 1. And was being 85,71%. It was improved about 21,80%. The conclusion is the using of number bags media can improve teachers ability in making lesson plan also can improve students activities. Based on the conclusion, it can be suggested that number bags media can be a way to improve studentsactivities in learning mathematics.


This study investigates the West African Monsoon water cycle with the help of a new hybrid water budget data set developed within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses. Surface water and energy fluxes are estimated from an ensemble of land surface model simulations forced with elaborate precipitation and radiation products derived from satellite observations, while precipitable water tendencies are estimated from numerical weather prediction analyses. Vertically integrated atmospheric moisture flux convergence is estimated as a residual. This approach provides an advanced, comprehensive atmospheric water budget, including evapotranspiration, rainfall, and atmospheric moisture flux convergence, together with other surface fluxes such as runoff and net radiation. The annual mean and the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric water budget are presented and the couplings between budget terms are discussed for three climatologically distinct latitudinal bands between 6°N and 20°N. West Africa is shown to be alternatively a net source and sink region of atmospheric moisture, depending on the season (a source during the dry season and a sink during the wet season). Several limiting and controlling factors of the regional water cycle are highlighted, suggesting strong sensitivity to atmospheric dynamics and surface radiation. Some insight is also given into the underlying smaller-scale processes. The relationship between evapotranspiration and precipitation is shown to be very different between the Sahel and the regions more to the south and partly controlled by net surface radiation. Strong correlations are found between precipitation and moisture flux convergence over the whole region from daily to interannual time scales. Causality is also established between monthly mean anomalies. Hence, precipitation anomalies are preceded by moisture flux convergence anomalies and followed by moisture flux divergence and evapotranspiration anomalies. The results are discussed in comparison to other studies.


As there a new type of commerce which can be practiced using internet (Electronic Commerce), it was necessary to make sure of having developed informative and technological systems which can be used as a method to verify the proper functioning of commercial operations using electronic commerce. This study's aims to Identify the impact of the AIS development on e-commerce in terms of auditing, effectiveness of transactions, effectiveness of customers' communication and the flexibility of legislations to deal with type of commerce, and identifying whether there were any difficulties and obstacles facing e-commerce that may prevent utilizing the advantages of this commerce. A total of 130 questionnaires were sent to 36 industrial public shareholding companies in Jordan and 128 were analysed. The researcher used Descriptive and Analytical method. The study main result is: there is a significant statistical impact for AIS development on e-commerce in the Jordanian public companies.


This paper claims that a wide variety of grammatical coding asymmetries can be explained as adaptations to the language users' needs, in terms of frequency of use, predictability and coding efficiency. I claim that all grammatical oppositions involving a minimal meaning difference and a significant frequency difference are reflected in a universal coding asymmetry, i.e. a cross-linguistic pattern in which the less frequent member of the opposition gets special coding, unless the coding is uniformly explicit or uniformly zero. I give 25 examples of pairs of construction types, from a substantial range of grammatical domains. For some of them, the existing evidence from the world's languages and from corpus counts is already strong, while for others, I know of no counterevidence and I make readily testable claims. I also discuss how the functional-adaptive forces operate in language change, and I discuss a number of possible alternative explanations.


An air conditioner enabling the easy and safe cleaning of a filter, comprising a suction grill (37) having a filter for air cleaning installed at the bottom thereof. The first and second units as lifting means lift the suction grill (37) by supporting the suction grill (37) by hanging strings (50a) to (50d) and delivering or winding back the hanging strings (50a) to (50d). When the first and second units are not brought into contact with the lateral one end of the suction grill (37) while a specified time is passed after the lateral other end of the suction grill (37) comes into contact with an air conditioner body (1a) when the suction grill is stored, the hanging strings (50a) to (50d) are delivered to lower the other end in contact with the air conditioner body (1a) by a predetermined distance. Also, filter chamber having a high performance filter is installed between the air conditioner body and the suction grill, the first and second units as the lifting means for lifting the suction grill are disposed on the inside of side covers installed on both sides of the air conditioner body, and the suction grill is supported by the lifting means by using the hanging strings.


Propolis has attracted attention in recent years due to its beneficial effects, which make it a potential preventive and therapeutic agent as well as a useful additive in food and cosmetics. The aim of this review is to discuss the growing evidence that propolis may, via a diverse array of biological actions, assist in the prevention of some inflammation-mediated pathologies including cardiovascular disease. The active components of propolis that have been identified so far include polyphenols and flavonoids. These compounds have cardioprotective, vasoprotective, antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic actions. Many studies have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which propolis acts, which involve cellular signaling targets and interactions at the genomic level. This review will highlight the effects of propolis that may assist in the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.


Uprising and war in Syria have induced changes in urban policies towards informal settlements. Syrian urban policies in the 2000s set the issue of informal settlements as a priority item in the agenda. The reform of the legislative urban frameworks, designed with international assistance, and new master plans encouraged both their regularization / upgrading and their renewal (destruction / reconstruction). While competition between these models and objectives delayed decisions and program implementation in Damascus, the beginnings of the Arab Spring elsewhere in the region influenced the orientation of these policies, showing in which different ways urban planning can be used for strategic reasons. Initially, the Syrian uprising led to an inflexion of policies towards more social options for regularization. Subsequently, as it developed into an armed conflict, and with the escalation of physical destructions, the urban renewal option was favoured and overlapped military targets. In return, conflict, destruction and displacements have led to put all urban options back on the table for reconsideration, in the prospects of future reconstruction. This article discusses policies towards informal settlements in Syria before and during the uprising with a special focus on the case study of urban policies in the metropolitan area of Damascus.


This article examines the question of women's candidature in Uganda's multi-party elections in 2006. For 20 years since 1986, Uganda was governed under a no-party system known as Movement. Under this system electoral competition took place within a framework of individual merit where nomination was based on one's individual decision to stand for public office. Within this same period there was remarkable increase in women's political participation at levels with faster progress being made at the local government level than the national and executive. In the following article, derived from a study conducted in 10 districts just before the February 2006 general election held under a multi-party dispensation, we demonstrate that while multi-party politics has thrown up enormous opportunities for possible expansion of the women's political participation, it has also generated more challenges and complicated existing ones. At the same time the parties remain largely patriarchal men's clubs. The bridge for women's political participation is still shaky. The article, however acknowledges that although the bridge is shaky, it is important that it exists at all.

 Key words: Women's candidature, elections, transition, political parties.


In this paper safety-critical computer systems are broken down to functional modules. ternary decision diagram (TDD) is introduced to model these modules. Four cases of module construction techniques using TDD are discussed. For some dynamic modules that cannot be directly represented by TDD, the solution of the Markov model of the module provides the information for a single node TDD construction. The system level TDD is composed of the TDD of each functional module by the ORed combinatorial relationship. The system-coverage and the mean time to unsafe failure (MTTUF) are estimated via the system level TDD. An algorithm is proposed for the modular approach, and an example is utilized to verify the algorithm


Bilateral presentation of benign Struma ovarii is rare and has not been reported frequently in published literature. A 70-year-old postmenopausal female presented with progressive ascites, bilateral pleural effusion and elevated CA-125 levels. The contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a heterogenous mass in the left adnexa. These findings were suspicious for an ovarian malignancy. After surgery the diagnosis of non functional, bilateral benign Struma ovarii was made. Struma ovarii is a specialized ovarian teratoma composed predominantly of mature thyroid tissue. It is associated with pleural effusion and ascites (Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome) in 5% of cases. The combination of struma ovarii and elevated CA-125 levels has been reported infrequently. This is a rare case of bilateral benign struma ovarii associated with Pseudo-Meigs' syndrome and elevated CA-125 levels. Surgical excision of the ovarian masses induced immediate resolution of the ascites and pleural effusion and a reduction of the serum CA-125 level.


Summary Radio-frequency identification (RFID, for short) is regarded as a fundamental technology for ubiquitous services and thus a growing security and privacy concern goes along with its applications integrated into everyday life, often in an invisible way. The possible abuse of RFID's tracking capability raises threats to user privacy. It has inspired lot of research interest, but many measures bring about a very challenging risk, that is, synchronization. Failure to keep changes of the shared secret in step between the tag and the back-end server will cause RFID system out of action. This paper presents an effective privacypreserving protocol by means of commutative cipher to obviate the possibility of the mistake. In the proposed scheme, the tag output associated to the fixed secret identifier is dynamic at every session to conduct mutual authentication with reader-to-tag and tag-to-reader in turn. Therefore, our work is robust against desynchronization attacks and other security attacks, such as cloned use and man-in-the-middle attack, as well.


In a population of hospitalized children, 45% of the 611 parents whose children qualified for day care stated they would have preferred day care if such an alternative had been available at the time and if the choice of type of care had been left to them.
 Factors which seemed related to the parents' choice of care were the child's age, the distance from home to hospital, the parents' education, the parents' perception of the degree of safety afforded by hospitalization, and the ability to make the necessary arrangements to care for the child at home following day care. No relationship was found between parental choice of care and such variables as type of day care recommended (medical or surgical), sex of child, number of employed family members, occupational class, and family income.


This article proposes a new approach to bundling for both the marketing of services and relationship marketing. Reviews the literature on both bundling and relationship marketing and puts forward a new theoretical approach. Uses the case method as a means of defending the argument and justifies its use in this specific research project. Demonstrates that collaborative relationship bundling can constitute the strategic core of a company; at least, if the firm's primary goal is to maximise the opportunities of attracting valuable customers within competitive markets. Research bears out some results from previous studies, while it finds other results to be questionable. Shows that the strategic implications of bundling are only partially explained in terms of a price or product focus, which was what previous research had concentrated on. A specific price bundle can have more strategic implications than a different specific product bundle, due to the associative power of bundling and its interactive capacity. As an essential part of this approach, a company must define bundling through an in‐depth appraisal of the actual contextual experience of the customer, rather than focusing solely on reservation prices, which is where previous literature had laid its main emphasis. Calculates the lifetime value of the average customer attracted through bundling as compared to that of the average customer in the sector studied, and thus is able to demonstrate that the customer attracted through bundling is of greater value. The case method provides an in‐depth explanation but the results it provides may not necessarily be generalised into other contexts. Develops therefore a model to identify the factors that explain the success registered in the case selected for analysis. Puts forward 11 propositions suitable for comparative application in other contexts.


This paper proposes a novel approach to the question of lithofacies classification based on an assessment of the uncertainty in the classification results. The proposed approach has multiple neural networks (NN), and interval neutrosophic sets (INS) are used to classify the input well log data into outputs of multiple classes of lithofacies. A pair of n-class neural networks are used to predict n-degree of truth memberships and n-degree of false memberships. Indeterminacy memberships or uncertainties in the predictions are estimated using a multidimensional interpolation method. These three memberships form the INS used to support the confidence in results of multiclass classification. Based on the experimental data, our approach improves the classification performance as compared to an existing technique applied only to the truth membership. In addition, our approach has the capability to provide a measure of uncertainty in the problem of multiclass classification.


[1] There is a general consensus within the climate community that any change in the frequency or severity of extreme climate events would profoundly impact nature and society. Such changes can be studied in terms of rainfall indices derived from daily data. The great variability of the rainfall over the Iberian Peninsula and the irregularity of its water regime make any study of the rainfall in this geographical region very interesting. In this work, we contribute some information about the characteristics and distribution of the daily precipitation series over the Iberian Peninsula, in particular the study of trends in series of several selected indices all related to the frequency or intensity of the daily rainfall. Data used are taken from a set of 35 series of daily rainfall in the aforementioned region during the period 1958–1997. The selected observatories constitute a representative sample of the orography and geographical diversity present in the peninsula. From the daily rainfall data, series of frequency and intensity rainfall indices were constructed on the basis of a prior definition of four rainfall categories reflecting certain percentiles of the precipitation distribution in the peninsula: total rainfall (≥0.2 mm), light (≥0.2 mm and <2.5 mm), moderate (≥2.5 mm and <7.5 mm), intense (≥7.5 mm), and very intense (≥15 mm). The indices studied were number of rainy days in each rainfall category, medians and maxima of length of dry spells (both related to the frequency of the precipitation), accumulated precipitation in each rainfall category, proportion of rainfall in each category relative to the total accumulated rainfall, and mean precipitation per wet day in each category (related to the amounts). All the indices were evaluated seasonally. Significant trends in many of the selected series were found. The results for all the indices are coherent and point to an increase of the light rainfall events at the cost of a decrease of more intense events.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Han Chinese patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Six candidate SNPs of TLR4-rs10759930, rs10983755, rs11536879, rs1927907, rs11536889 and rs7873784-and 18 haplotype-tagging SNPs (tagSNPs) were genotyped in 339 patients with chronic periodontitis only (CP group), and 373 CP patients with COPD (CP with COPD group). The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of TLR4 rs1927907 among the CP (AA: 26, 8.5%, AG: 109, 35.5%, GG: 172, 56.0%) and CP with COPD (AA: 41, 12.0%, AG: 143, 41.7%, GG: 159, 46.4%) groups were significantly different (P = 0.039). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and oral hygiene habits, CP patients carrying the AG polymorphism in TLR4 rs1927907 were found to be more susceptible to concomitant COPD than those carrying the GG genotype (P = 0.005, OR = 1.94, 95% CI for OR: 1.22-3.03). In conclusion, TLR4 gene polymorphism plays a role in the common pathophysiology of CP and COPD, indicating that CP patients with TLR4 gene rs1927907 polymorphism may be more susceptible to COPD.(J Oral Sci 58, 555-560, 2016).


An inadequate folate status is associated with increased risk of anaemia and neural tube defects. In many countries a folate intake below recommendations has been reported for women in childbearing age. However, data on folate intake and status are not always associated, since factors other than intake, e.g. bioavailability, affect folate status. This thesis studied the bioavailability of folate using in vivo and in vitro models. The effect of two pieces of Swedish nutritional advice on folate status of healthy women was assessed in a 12-week randomised controlled intervention trial. By combining a human plasma area under the curve (AUC)/ileostomy model with a stable isotope technique, the bioavailability of wholemeal bread fortified with reduced folate (5-CH3-H4folate) or folic acid was determined. In vitro effects of the food matrix on bioaccessibility and uptake of reduced folates were studied using a dynamic gastrointestinal model (TIM) and Caco-2 cells. The intervention breakfast diet (contributing ~1/3 of recommended daily folate intake) significantly improved folate status of the women, indicating a high folate bioavailability. The bread intervention diet (contributing ~1/5 of recommended daily folate intake) maintained folate and decreased homocysteine concentrations. Based on folate content in stomal effluent, the bioavailability of both folate fortificants tested was similarly high (~90%) but plasma kinetics differed significantly depending on ingested folate form. Data from in vitro TIM and Caco-2 cell experiments showed an inhibitory effect (~25%) of the bread matrix on bioaccessibility and uptake of reduced folates, which was higher than in vivo findings. Overall, data from these in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the bioavailability of reduced folate is high and comparable to that of synthetic folic acid. Food matrix effects, e.g. of bread or a typical breakfast meal, on folate bioavailability seem negligible at physiological folate intake doses.


Abstract Aim: It has been shown that HMG-CoA inhibitors, also called statins, may interfere with the tubular reabsorption of albumin, increasing urinary albumin excretion. Patients & methods: We have performed an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study of patients who visited their general practitioners. Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 6.9% for those patients who were not taking statins versus 15.0% for those receiving statin treatment (p = 0.001; χ2-test). Odds ratio was 2.59 (without statins: 0.62; with statins: 1.48; p = 0.002). Patients treated with atorvastatin and simvastatin were compared (the number of patients taking other statins was too small): 27.1% of patients taking atorvastatin showed microalbuminuria versus 12.3% of subjects taking simvastatin (p = 0.012), the odds ratio was 0.38 (simvastatin: 0.60; atorvastatin: 1.59; p = 0.022). Logistic regression analysis showed an independent relationship between statin treatment and microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Statin treatment seems to be associated with abnormal urinary albumin excretion.


We report on the molecular and biochemical characterization of HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90C (HSP90C), one of the three Hsp90 chaperones encoded by the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome. Fractionation experiments indicate that HSP90C is a plastidic protein. In the chloroplast, HSP90C was localized to the soluble stroma fraction, but also to thylakoids and low-density membranes containing inner envelopes. HSP90C is expressed under basal conditions and is strongly induced by heat shock and moderately by light. In soluble cell extracts, HSP90C was mainly found to organize into dimers, but also into complexes of high molecular mass. Also, heterologously expressed HSP90C was mainly found in dimers, but tetramers and fewer monomers were detected, as well. HSP90C exhibits a weak ATPase activity with a Km for ATP of approximately 48 μm and a kcat of approximately 0.71 min−1. This activity was inhibited by the Hsp90-specific inhibitor radicicol. In coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we found that HSP90C interacts with several proteins, among them plastidic HSP70B. The cellular concentration of HSP70B was found to be 2.9 times higher than that of HSP90C, giving a 4.8:1 stoichiometry of HSP70B monomers to HSP90C dimers. The strong inducibility of HSP90C by heat shock implies a role of the chaperone in stress management. Furthermore, its interaction with HSP70B suggests that, similar to their relatives in cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum, both chaperones might constitute the core of a multichaperone complex involved in the maturation of specific client proteins, e.g. components of signal transduction pathways.


Abstract : With the objective of achieving better investigation of engines-fuels by obtaining instantaneous quantitative imaging of in-cylinder processes, several steps have been taken for some years at Rutgers University. They are: (1) Construction of a new Multispectral high-speed infrared (IR) digital imaging system; (2) Development of spectrometric analysis methods; (3) Application of the above to real-world in-cylinder engine environments and simple flames. This paper reports some of results from these studies. The one-of-a-kind Rutgers IR imaging system was developed in order to simultaneously capture four geometrically (pixel-to-pixel) identical images in respective spectral bands of IR radiation issued from a combustion chamber at successive instants of time and high frame rates. In order to process the raw data gathered by this Rutgers system, three new spectrometric methods have been developed to date: (1) dual-band mapping method; (2) new band-ratio method; and (3) three-band iteration method. The former two methods were developed to obtain instantaneous distributions of temperature and water vapor concentrations, and the latter method is to simultaneously find those of temperature, water vapor and soot in gaseous mixtures, i.e., to achieve quantitative imaging. Applications of these techniques were made to both SI and CI engine combustion processes as well as bench-top burner flames. Discussion is made on the methods and new results.


With the increasing use of electronic commerce, online purchasing users have been rapidly rising. Predicting user behavior has therefore become a vital issue based on the collected data. However, traditional machine learning algorithms for prediction require significant computing time and often produce unsatisfactory results. In this paper, a prediction model based on XGBoost is proposed to predict user purchase behavior. Firstly, a user value model (LDTD) utilizing multi-feature fusion is proposed to differentiate between user types based on the available user account data. The multi-feature behavior fusion is carried out to generate the user tag feature according to user behavior patterns. Next, the XGBoost feature importance model is employed to analyze multi-dimensional features and identify the model with the most significant weight value as the key feature for constructing the model. This feature, together with other user features, is then used for prediction via the XGBoost model. Compared to existing machine learning models such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model outperforms with an accuracy of 0.9761, an F1 score of 0.9763, and a ROC value of 0.9768. Thus, the XGBoost model demonstrates superior stability and algorithm efficiency, making it an ideal choice for predicting user purchase behavior with high levels of accuracy.


Abstract Epidemiology, the study of patterns of disease distribution in time and space, offers a powerful set of theories and methods for understanding and preventing illness. The disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) can be studied from the point of view of whether or not epidemiological methods could help to understand and prevent them. We suggest that the best approach to the DBDs is one that takes into account both the development of the child and the development of the disorder. Developmental epidemiology is the attempt to use recent advances in developmental psychopathology to help answer questions about how developmental processes increase or decrease vulnerability to DBDs, how risk factors change across childhood, and how the development of the disorder is reflected in rates of onset and patterns of symptomatology. Using examples of primary and secondary prevention studies, we discuss the importance of appropriate sampling strategies and a clearly articulated theoretical background, if intervention trials are to achieve their full utility as tests of a developmental theory of the DBDs.


The success of reinforcement learning in typical settings is, in part, predicated on underlying Markovian assumptions on the reward signal by which an agent learns optimal policies. In recent years, the use of reward machines has relaxed this assumption by enabling a structured representation of non-Markovian rewards. In particular, such representations can be used to augment the state space of the underlying decision process, thereby facilitating non-Markovian reinforcement learning. However, these reward machines cannot capture the semantics of stochastic reward signals. In this paper, we make progress on this front by introducing probabilistic reward machines (PRMs) as a representation of non-Markovian stochastic rewards. We present an algorithm to learn PRMs from the underlying decision process as well as to learn the PRM representation of a given decisionmaking policy.


A photocatalyst-free visible-light-induced selenofunctionalization of alkenes has been developed using a variety of nucleophiles. The homolytic scission of diselenides under visible-light conditions coupled with the aerobic selenol oxidation to diselenides allowed the successful implementation of three-component selenofunctionalization under visible-light irradiation in open-air conditions. The mechanistic studies revealed the critical role of oxygen content in a reaction medium, where the electron transfer process from the carbon-based radicals to either molecular oxygen or selenyl radicals was controlled.


Preface. Acknowledgment. Chapter 1: Offshoring And Its Discontents. What Is Offshoring? Understanding Offshoring The Way A Manager Would. Business Process Offshoring. Chapter 2: Everything You Can Send Down A Wire Is Up For Grabs. Setting The Stage For Offshoring. Drivers Of Offshoring Are Interdependent. How Big Can This Thing Get? Cognitive Food Chain. Invincibility Of The Symbolic Analyst? Offshoring Innovation. Chapter 3: Coase And The Changing Nature Of Work. Will The Nature Of Work Change? Software Industry Offers Hints. Offshoring Offers Hints. Chapter 4: Pouring The Foundation: The Offshoring Value Delivery Framework. Strategy Development: Think. Strategy/Goals Alignment: A Balanced Scorecard Approach. In House Or Out House: Issue Of Control. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 5: Is The Organization Ready? Strategic Level Readiness. Building The Safety Net. Argument For A Big Response. Operational Level Readiness. Operational Level Readiness: The Elements. When The Operational Framework Fails. Belief In Empiricism Is The Answer. A Shared Services Perspective. Business Case. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 6: Making The Case. Business Case Lives. Process Of Discovery. Captive Versus Service Provider Business Case. Total Value Of A Business Case. How To Represent Costs. Offshoring Cost/Benefit Model. Mapping Costs Analysis To The Offshoring Value Delivery Framework. Chapter 7: So Many Choices. Selection Process: Plan. Selection Criteria Development. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 8: Location Is Everything. Site Selection. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 9: An Alliance Is Forged. Relationship Building. Pilot Project. Security Framework. Revise Business Case. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 10: Let's Make A Deal. Contracting. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 11: Other Relationship Details. Chief Outsourcing/Offshoring Officer. Good To Great, Then Offshore Versus Offshore, Then Good To Great. Relationship Defined By Pricing. Exit Strategy. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 12: Start Of A Beautiful Friendship. Ongoing Management: Execute & Manage. Transition. Performance Tracking and Value Auditing. Governance. Final Thoughts On the Offshore Vlaue Delivery Framework. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 13: Calling All Low Cost Reps. Mixed Attitudes About Contact Centers. Chapter Takeaway. Chapter 14: Toward Best Practices. Index.


Taking the 32 sudden storm commencements (SSC) listed by the observatory de l'Ebre / ISGI over the year 2002 (maximal solar activity) as a starting point, we performed a statistical analysis of the related solar sources, solar wind signatures, and terrestrial responses. For each event, we characterized and identified, as far as possible, (i) the sources on the Sun (Coronal Mass Ejections -CME-), with the help of a series of criteria (velocities, drag coefficient, radio waves, helicity), as well as (ii) the structure and properties in the interplanetary medium, at L1, of the event associated to the SSC: magnetic clouds -MC-, non-MC interplanetary coronal mass ejections -ICME-, co-rotating/stream interaction regions -SIR/CIR-, shocks only and unclear events that we call "miscellaneous" events. The observed Sun-to-Earth travel times are compared to those estimated using existing simple models of propagation in the interplanetary medium. This comparison is used to statistically assess performances of various models. The geoeffectiveness of the events, classified by category at L1, is analysed by their signatures in the Earth ionized (magnetosphere and ionosphere) and neutral (thermosphere) environments, using a broad set of in situ, remote and ground based instrumentation. The role of the presence of a unique or of a multiple source at the Sun, of its nature, halo or non halo CME, is also discussed. The set of observations is statistically analyzed so as to evaluate and compare the geoeffectiveness of the events. The results obtained for this set of geomagnetic storms started by SSCs is compared to the overall statistics of year 2002, relying on already published catalogues of events, allowing assessing the relevance of our approach (for instance the all 12 well identified Magnetic Clouds of 2002 give rise to SSCs).


In this paper I name and describe three key pedagogic principals that I fee are anchored in the themes of this conference of going Beyond and transgressing Tolerance, and my reserach on masculinities in institutions as well as the work I conduct in remote regional communities attests to moving beyond the often stagnant proposition of binary oppositions of masculine/feminine; gay/straight; rural/metropolitan. To take a stand on critiquing the binary can take you beyond the binary looking at how it is constructed and how it can be contested with multiple voices and affects; the comfortable will undoubtedly be disturbed under this premise. The two fields of theoretical discussion that I am passionate about reading in regard to trying to find a language for my pedagogy are critical pedagogy and queer theory. According to William Spurlin, they both "enable critique of the reproduction of knowledge and cultural narratives that serve the interests of dominant social groups" (10), to ultimately expose and contest normalising processes in society (Kopelson 20). What intrigues me most about queer theory is that is subsumes critical pedagogy and actively aims to dismantle the myth of binary oppositions; to move beyond "oppostitional designations for sexuality", to "disorganise, rather than merely organise around our terms" (Kopelson 19; Sedgwick in Spurlin, 2002: 9). Queer theory offers a platform to discuss the various transmutations that occur at the site of "disturbing the comfortable and comforting the disturbed", whilst "queering" suggests an impulse to transmute.


The rheological properties of cementitious materials containing fine particles, such as mineral admixture were investigated using a Viso Star-L rheometer with cylindrical spindles. Selected features of the behavior of these materials are evaluated from a rheological perspective through literatures results for the past 30 years. One of the important factors that governs the ability of grout to penetrate fractures, channels and porous material is the rheology. The mineral admixture was clay palygorskite which can be used for early gelation because of its thixotropic properties as well as the powder quartz used as aggregate. The cementitious materials were designed and three recipes (MPG1, MPG2 and MPG3) were examined in this research by changing the mix proportions of the mineral admixture palygorskite and water content. For ensuring the accuracy of rheological measurement for the candidate's grouts, necessary verification was been evaluated such as, influence of mixing time, stability and "time effect" to the accuracy of viscosity measurement, and yield stress as well as the physical properties at 3, 7 and 28 days. The results showed that grouts recipes with quartzite aggregate of different granulometry, are chemically compatible and fulfill the requirement of containing no organic matter. Candidate's grouts found to satisfy the stable sedimentation criteria with sedimentation rates less than 5% after 2 hours. Furthermore, it was found that the grout recipe 3 followed by 1 showed lower yield stress and plastic viscosity which are (0.1 Pa and 0.269 Pas) and (0.288 Pa and 0.531 Pas) respectively.


Summary. A quantitative scanning method employing cyclotron‐produced 52Fe has been developed to assess splenic erythropoiesis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. In 12 patients with myelofibrosis splenic uptake of 52Fe was from 5.0% to 48% of the injected dose. Although a single patient with classical polycythaemia vera had a minor uptake of 2.8% six other patients with this diagnosis showed no concentration of isotope in the splenic area. The fraction of 52Fe in the spleen of four patients with 'transitional'myeloproliferative disorders characterized by a high red cell mass, hypercellular bone marrow and a leucoerythroblastic blood film varied from 5% to 41%. No clear relationship was noted between the degree of splenic erythropoiesis as defined by this technique and the level of haemoglobin, the degree of splenomegaly, the effectiveness of erythropoiesis or traditional 59Fe surface counting. If splenectomy is considered in patients with myelofibrosis splenic 52Fe quantitation will provide more precise data on the contribution of splenic erythropoiesis than 59Fe surface counting alone.


Background: In a general population of patients with stroke, the rate of new MRI lesions at 1 week was much higher than expected. With patients with minor stroke and TIA having a higher risk of recurrent clinical events, the authors examined whether patients with minor stroke and TIA also had a high rate of asymptomatic lesions on repeat MRI scanning. Methods: Patients with minor stroke and TIA presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset with a NIH Stroke Scale score less than six, who had a baseline MRI and a 1-month follow-up, were enrolled in this study. The follow-up study was examined for new diffusion-weighted imaging lesions as compared to the baseline study. Clinical or MRI factors predicting recurrent lesions were examined. Results: A total of 143 patients were enrolled and 14 patients (9.8%; 95% CI 5.4, 15.9) had MR evidence of new lesions at 30 days. Six of these new lesions were clinically asymptomatic (42.9%; 95% CI 17.7, 71.1). A trend to increased likelihood of new lesions at 30 days was seen with progressing baseline scan lesion number (none [2.2%], solitary [12.9%], multiple [19.8%]: p = 0.046). Patients whose mechanism of stroke was large artery or cardioembolic were the most likely to have new lesions on follow-up MRI. Conclusion: Minor stroke and TIA are associated with a 10% risk of new lesions on MRI and half of these new lesions are asymptomatic. This risk is lower than seen in more severely affected patients with stroke. Patients with multiple lesions at baseline are at an increased risk for new ischemic lesions.


The choice for a heterologous expression system to produce glycoprotein therapeutics highly depends on its potential to perform mammalian-like posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation. To gain more insight into the glycosylation potential of the baculovirus mediated insect cell expression system, we have studied the expression of glycosyltransferases involved in complex-type N-glycosylation. Lepidopteran insect cell lines derived from Trichoplusia ni, Spodoptera frugiperda, and Mamestra brassicae were found to express a beta 1-->4- N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta 4-GalNAcT) that catalyzes the transfer of GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to oligosaccharides and glycoproteins carrying a terminal beta-linked GlcNAc residue. These results suggest that Lepidopteran insect cells are capable of synthesizing complex-type carbohydrate chains containing GalNAc beta 1-->4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc) units. Baculovirus infection of the cells, however, resulted in a decrease in the activity of beta 4-GalNAcT from 80 to <1 pmol.min-1 mg-1 protein within 48 h post infection. Furthermore, considerable beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was observed in insect cells, whether or not infected with baculovirus, as well as in the culture medium. These enzyme activities could be responsible for degradation of complex-type oligosaccharide chains containing LacdiNAc units. Our findings provide an enzymatic basis for the observation that most recombinant glycoproteins produced by baculovirus infected insect cells carry oligomannosidic-type N-linked glycans, in spite of the fact that uninfected insect cells have the potential for the synthesis of mammalian-like complex-type glycans.


ABSTRACT Current therapies used to treat dermatophytoses such as onychomycosis are effective but display room for improvement in efficacy, safety, and convenience of dosing. We report here that the investigational agent VT-1161 displays potent in vitro antifungal activity against dermatophytes, with MIC values in the range of ≤0.016 to 0.5 μg/ml. In pharmacokinetic studies supporting testing in a guinea pig model of dermatophytosis, VT-1161 plasma concentrations following single oral doses were dose proportional and persisted at or above the MIC values for at least 48 h, indicating potential in vivo efficacy with once-daily and possibly once-weekly dosing. Subsequently, in a guinea pig dermatophytosis model utilizing Trichophyton mentagrophytes and at oral doses of 5, 10, or 25 mg/kg of body weight once daily or 70 mg/kg once weekly, VT-1161 was statistically superior to untreated controls in fungal burden reduction (P < 0.001) and improvement in clinical scores (P < 0.001). The efficacy profile of VT-1161 was equivalent to those for doses and regimens of itraconazole and terbinafine except that VT-1161 was superior to itraconazole when each drug was dosed once weekly (P < 0.05). VT-1161 was distributed into skin and hair, with plasma and tissue concentrations in all treatment and regimen groups ranging from 0.8 to 40 μg/ml (or μg/g), at or above the MIC against the isolate used in the model (0.5 μg/ml). These data strongly support the clinical development of VT-1161 for the oral treatment of onychomycosis using either once-daily or once-weekly dosing regimens.


Statistics on the causes and on the prevalence of blindness in the United States are so few that it is doubtful whether we have anything near an appropriate conception of either. On the causes of blindness there are only the reports which have come from Missouri, Colorado, Illinois, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Washington, Louisiana and Indiana in the past twenty years and one report on the causes of blindness in children. These are lacking in uniformity and cover relatively small groups of cases, of which only small percentages are included in the etiologic tables. On the prevalence of blindness the federal census report cannot be considered at best more than a rough and misleading estimate, owing partly to the absence of ophthalmic examinations. Approximate figures on incidence, based on the annual census of new students entering the various state schools for the blind, are offered by the National Society for the


Mental health services are in the midst of change in different countries. In Quebec (Canada), the government has adopted a Mental Health Action Plan (2005-2010). In this context, 2 psychiatric institutions have developed and implemented a mental health services organization model based on diagnosis-related mental health programs and support for frontline services. This article presents the impact on health care providers of implementation of diagnosis-related mental health programs in the context of transformation of mental health services.


The Prevent Duty is part of the UK's counter-extremism strategy, which aims to prevent individuals from becoming involved in 'extremism' and 'radicalisation'. As a pre-crime measure, the duty is now enforced in public institutions in the UK, from schools to healthcare provisions, and relies on frontline staff to monitor and report on 'signs' of extremism and radicalisation. The discussion around Prevent has focused on its implementation and impacts in the public sphere, notably in schools. However, this article aims to disrupt the imagined boundaries of the Prevent Duty and demonstrate how, as a result of this policy, the home—primarily the Muslim home—is treated as a pre-crime space, thus broadening the reach of counter-extremism measures into the private sphere.


Dr. Young's reply to my original letter in the April edition of Headache does not address the central issue. The sole object of my letter was to bring to the attention of the readers of Headache the fact that Wolff's hard scientific evidence showing the involvement of the extracranial branches of the external carotid artery in the pain of migraine has been specifically and inexplicably excluded from the curriculum for medical students by the Education Committee and the Executive Committee of the American Headache Society. Harold Wolff was a consummate scientist, who conducted a series of rigorous and elegant scientific studies on the extracranial vasculature. He and his co-workers showed that vasodilatation of the extracranial arteries is most certainly linked not only to migraine pain but to the timing of migraine pain, a scientific fact which has been confirmed over and over again! The occurrence of extracranial vascular dilatation does not preclude the presence of other pain mechanisms and pre-headache phenomena. Wolff actually agreed that vasodilatation alone was not sufficient to cause migraine pain.He and his co-workers showed that in addition to vasodilatation, a local sterile inflammation occurred. I do not contend that all of Wolff's theories are above criticism or have been proven correct. Yet the Education Committee has seen fit to throw out the proven extracranial arterial baby with the unproven bathwater! Dr. Young, quoting Olesen's studies, claims that "the timing of migraine pain is not linked to vasodilatation." What Olesen showed is that the timing of migraine pain is not linked to intracranial vasodilatation. How Olesen's work on the intracranial vasculature can be quoted to justify the omission of the proven extracranial arterial involvement in migraine defies logic! It begs the question – have Dr.Young and the other Committee members actually read Olesen's and Wolff's papers, or are they merely regurgitating an oft-repeated but false mantra?


There is emerging consensus that stabilization of weak bonds using bulky substituents op-erates not only by steric shielding, but also by boosting the dispersive attraction across the bond. While many studies have explored this concept for hydrocarbon, arene, carbene, and phosphine ligands, it remains minimally explored for amide ligands. Bulky 1,8-bis(silylamido) naphthalenes were recently used to isolate the first example of Sb–Bi σ bonds, which was tentatively ascribed to an unexpectedly-high degree of inter-fragment dispersive stabilization. To understand this find-ing and study how the interplay between steric repulsion and dispersive attraction alters metal-metal bond strengths more generally, we have computationally examined Sb–Sb, Sb–Bi, and Bi–Bi σ bond enthalpies and energies in 21 compounds within the 1,8-bis(silylamido) naphthalenes ligand framework. The energies have been dissected into base electronic, dispersion, and ligand deformation contributions. The dispersion component has been further deconvo-luted to identify the most significant pairwise functional group interactions driving dispersive stabilization. Steric clash has been considered by examining the extent of ligand deformation. The resulting insights will enable the rational evolution of these accessible and tunable ligands in the context of stabilizing weak bonds and may also be transferable to other amide ligands.


Heaviside, in volume 1 of Electromagnetic theory, considered shielding of conducting materials in the form of attenuation. This treatment is still significant in the understanding of shielding effectiveness. He also considered propagation of electromagnetic waves in free-space. What Heaviside (1850–1925) could never have imagined is that 125 years later, there would be devices we know as mobile phones (or cell phones, handies, etc.) with capabilities beyond the dreams of the great science fiction writers of the day like H. G. Wells (1866–1949) or Jules Verne (1828–1905). More than this, that there would be a need for law enforcement agencies, among others, to use electromagnetically shielded enclosures to protect electronic equipment from communicating with the 'outside world'. Nevertheless, Heaviside's work is still fundamental to the developments discussed here. This paper provides a review of Heaviside's view of shielding and propagation provided in volume 1 of Electromagnetic theory and develops that to the design of new experiments to test the shielding of these portable enclosures in a mode-stirred reverberation chamber, a test environment that relies entirely on reflections from conducting surfaces for its operation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's 'Electromagnetic Theory''.


ABSTRACTNonprofit organizations are expected to advocate for the needs of their clients. However, advocacy is often not part of organizational structure, which can create reactive rather than proactive responses. To explore this issue, this qualitative study examined the macro advocacy practices of a small group of organizations committed to advocacy. Using a mission-driven perspective, results showed that they had a common perception of advocacy, advocacy was implicit in their mission, and that while structure was elusive, decision making around advocacy was clear and issue selection was broadly informed. Recommendations such as harnessing the value placed on advocacy to create structures that can ensure it takes place and giving the charge to do advocacy to a specific staff person are included.


ZnSe quantum dots have been synthesized using a simple aqueous route. Coating ZnSe quantum dots with a ZnS monolayer, yields a remarkable enhancement in the PL quantum efficiency at room temperature without affecting the spectral distribution. The results suggest that passivation of surface states, along with an increased localization of the hole in core ZnSe layer, gives rise to high luminescence quantum yield.


Moving away from the identity politics inherent in revisionist biographies of ex- enslaved African Americans abroad, I would like to refocus the vehicle and situation of the Black performance collective that presented In Dahomey abroad. In this, I will refer to the show's reception rather than deconstruct elements of its script, its songs, or its dancing. I am attempting to recover indigenous narratives of struggle, resistance, and capitualation that drove the company which toured the United Kingdom from the 26th of December 1903 to the 4th of June 1904. For the purposes of this discussion, my thoughts will centre on this account on the 23rd of October 1903, by the drama correspondent for the Times. "The resultant impression left on our mind was one of strangeness, the strangeness of the "coloured" race blended with the strangeness of certain American things...we can remember nothing quite so strange as In Dahomey. Probably [the] sole design was to show us the African unenslaved, the African in his native majesty, by way of contrast to the Americanized African of the subsequent scenes. Their spectacle is just a little painful – painful and strange."


Previous investigations have found that several genes may be associated with the interindividual variability to the ergogenic response to caffeine. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the genetic variations in CYP1A2 (−163C  > A, rs762551; characterized such as "fast" (AA genotype) and "slow" caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and ADORA2A (1976T  > C; rs5751876; characterized by "high" (TT genotype) or "low" sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)) on the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake in professional handball players. Thirty-one professional handball players (sixteen men and fifteen women; daily caffeine intake = 60 ± 25 mg·d−1) ingested 3 mg·kg−1·body mass (bm) of caffeine or placebo 60 min before undergoing a battery of performance tests consisting of a countermovement jump (CMJ), a sprint test, an agility test, an isometric handgrip test, and several ball throws. Afterwards, the handball players performed a simulated handball match (2 × 20 min) while movements were recorded using inertial units. Saliva samples were analyzed to determine the genotype of each player for the −163C  > A polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene (rs762551) and for the 1976T  > C polymorphism in the ADORA2A gene (rs5751876). In the CYP1A2, C-allele carriers (54.8%) were compared to AA homozygotes (45.2%). In the ADORA2A, C-allele carriers (80.6%) were compared to TT homozygotes (19.4%). There was only a genotype x treatment interaction for the ball throwing from 7 m (p = 0.037) indicating that the ergogenic effect of caffeine on this test was higher in CYP1A2 AA homozygotes than in C-allele carriers. In the remaining variables, there were no genotype x treatment interactions for CYP1A2 or for ADORA2A. As a whole group, caffeine increased CMJ height, performance in the sprint velocity test, and ball throwing velocity from 9 m (2.8–4.3%, p = 0.001–0.022, effect size = 0.17–0.31). Thus, pre-exercise caffeine supplementation at a dose of 3 mg·kg−1·bm can be considered as an ergogenic strategy to enhance some neuromuscular aspects of handball performance in professional handball players with low daily caffeine consumption. However, the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake was not modulated by CYP1A2 or ADORA2A genotypes.


Outlined is a simple design for a working wave-powered electrical generator based on one made on the BBC Rough Science TV series. The design has been kept deliberately simple to facilitate rapid pupil/student involvement and most importantly so that there is much scope for their own ingenuity and ideas. The generator works on the principle of Faraday induction using coils of wire and magnets.


There is a architectural standard in each period and we usually think all through it. Because we are familiar with many buildings to be built around us, we take it for granted that the form of today's building is that of architecture. If we consider surround us with concentration, we can see building whose shape are not equal, and then, we are easy to understand it through ancient buildings. The difference of architectural form in two period is the motive of discussion. Main theme is to discuss what is the difference and what is the cause. This study is to deal with art, especially pictures. Because it is always closely connected with architecture in past and modern. So this study is to consider the relations between two parts, that is important point of argument. At first it is to discuss the difference of focus in each period through pictures and wall as main elements with regard to architecture. By means of further analysing relations between architecture and pictures, it will be discussed the change and cause of architecture through wall elements.


Crude extract samples of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus were taken during growth in liquid broth in an airlift reactor. Growth was monitored indirectly by sugar consumption and pH profile. During growth Pleurotus pulmonarius consumed glucose more slowly than Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, reaching a final pH of 8.0. In contrast, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus started consuming glucose faster from the beginning to the end with a pH of 3.6, suggesting the production of different metabolites while they grow in the same culture broth. Additionally, antioxidant activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents, as well as laccase and hydrolase activities were quantified in the culture extracts during the fermentation. Pleurotus pulmonarius showed higher antioxidant activity than Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Both fungi have a very low polyphenol and flavonoid content. Values of amylase and pectinase activities were similar in crude extracts of both fungi; however, cellulase, xylanase, invertase, and laccase activities showed higher levels in crude extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Antimicrobial and insecticidal activities were also evaluated in each crude extract. In fact, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus presented a very strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and reliably killed Diatraea magnifactella larvae, while Pleurotus pulmonarius did not showed any negative effect on the growth of these bacteria or larvae.


There is currently no work dealing with CSR appropriation through a sensemaking perspective. The purpose of this research is to understand the CSR appropriation process of companies registered in a network through a sensemaking perspective. Anchored in pragmatic constructivism, this research mobilizes an intervention research method in the study of six cases of companies belonging to the Global Compact network for which we have been the coordinator. The data collection method consists of semi-structured and collective interviews as well as observation. The content analysis allowed for an interpretation of the results by applying a "case-oriented strategy", a "replication strategy" and "inter-case" analysis. The results show three stages of sensemaking in which the network intervenes (enactment) according to the stage of practice of CSR in the firm: (1) an intersubjective construction corresponding to pragmatic sensemaking (2) the passage from an intersubjective construction to generic construction characterised by an "organised anarchy" (3) generic construction where the sensemaking is political and procedural as influenced by strategy and corporate culture. The network interferes favourably in the process of sensemaking (enactment) by acting on the strategic technical and the cognitive levels.


OBJECTIVE
Alterations in the activity of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) generate defects previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated the role of the TCF7L2 gene in major depressive disorder (MDD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and MDD-T2D comorbidity. We tested whether TCF7L2 is in linkage to and/or in linkage disequilibrium (LD, namely association) with MDD, T2D, and MDD-T2D.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
In 212 families with T2D and MDD in the Italian population, we analyzed 80 microarray-based SNPs using Pseudomarker software for linkage to and LD with T2D and MDD under the recessive model with complete penetrance (R1). In a secondary analysis, we tested the variants under the dominant models with complete penetrance (D1), recessive with incomplete penetrance (R2), and recessive with incomplete penetrance (R2).

RESULTS
We found several novel linkage signals and genetic associations. In addition, we found two new transcription-factor (TF) binding sites created by two risk variants found: the MDD-risk variant rs12255179 creates a new TF-binding site for the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and the T2D-risk variant rs61872794 creates a new TF-binding site for the organic cation-uptake transporter (OCT1). Both new binding sites are related to insulin metabolism.

CONCLUSIONS
These results highlight the cross-interactivity between T2D and MDD. Further replication is needed in diverse ethnic groups.


Previous studies have documented diagnostic bias and noted that its reduction could eliminate misdiagnosis and improve mental health service delivery. Few studies have investigated clinicians' methods of obtaining and using information during the initial clinical encounter. We describe a study examining contributions to clinician bias during diagnostic assessment of ethnic/racial minority patients. A total of 129 mental health intakes were videotaped, involving 47 mental health clinicians from 8 primarily safety-net clinics. Videos were coded by another clinician using an information checklist, blind to the diagnoses provided by the original clinician. We found high levels of concordance between clinicians for substance-related disorders, low levels for depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders except panic. Most clinicians rely on patients' mention of depression, anxiety, or substance use to identify disorders, without assessing specific criteria. With limited diagnostic information, clinicians can optimize the clinical intake time to establish rapport with patients. We found Latino ethnicity to be a modifying factor of the association between symptom reports and likelihood of a depression diagnosis. Differential discussion of symptom areas, depending on patient ethnicity, may lead to differential diagnosis and increased likelihood of diagnostic bias.


This paper discusses the design, construction, and
development of a multi-site collaborative instrument,
The Loop, developed by the JacksOn4 collective during
2009-10 and formally presented in Oslo at the
arts.on.wires and NIME conferences in 2011. The
development of this instrument is primarily a reaction
to historical network performance that either attempts
to present traditional acoustic practice in a distributed
format or utilises the network as a conduit to shuttle
acoustic and performance data amongst participant
nodes. In both scenarios the network is an integral and
indispensible part of the performance, however, the
network is not perceived as an instrument, per se. The
Loop is an attempt to create a single, distributed hybrid
instrument retaining traditionally acoustic interfaces
and resonant bodies that are mediated by the network.
The embedding of the network into the body of the
instrument raises many practical and theoretical
discussions, which are explored in this paper through a
reflection upon the notion of the distributed instrument
and the way in which its design impacts the behaviour
of the participants (performers and audiences); the
mediation of musical expression across networks; the
bi-directional relationship between instrument and
design; as well as how the instrument assists in the
realisation of the creators' compositional and artistic
goals.


An intense simplification in production, storage and handling of hydrogen peroxide develop a renewed interest in hydrogen peroxide thrusters especially for low cost attitude control or orbit correction (orbit maintenance). Chemical decomposition, aerothermodynamics flow and structure demand different optimum conditions such as tank pressure, catalyst bed pressure, concentration of H2O2 and geometry. These parameters play important role in propulsion system's mass and performance. Discipline conflicts are solved by Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) techniques with synchronized optimization for all subsystems respect to any criteria and limitations. In this paper, monopropellant propulsion system design optimization algorithm is presented and result of the design algorithm is validated. Results of the design algorithm have been compared with data of two different operational thrusters. According to the results, the proposed model can suitably predict total mass and performance with errors below than 10%. Then, MDO framework is proposed for the monopropellant propulsion system. Optimum propellant mass, thrust level, mass flow rate, nozzle geometry, catalyst bed length and diameter, propellant tank mass, feeding subsystem mass and total mass are derived using hybrid optimization (GA+SQP) for two space missions.


In this work, polyethyleneimine-grafted graphene oxide (PEI/GO) is synthesized using graphene, polyethyleneimine, and trimesoyl chloride. Both graphene oxide and PEI/GO are characterized by a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Characterization results confirm that polyethyleneimine is uniformly grafted on the graphene oxide nanosheets and, thus, also confirm the successful synthesis of PEI/GO. PEI/GO adsorbent is then evaluated for the removal of lead (Pb2+) from aqueous solutions, and the optimum adsorption is attained at pH 6, contact time of 120 min, and PEI/GO dose of 0.1 g. While chemosorption is dominating at low Pb2+ concentrations, physisorption is dominating at high concentrations and the adsorption rate is controlled by the boundary-layer diffusion step. In addition, the isotherm study confirms the strong interaction between Pb2+ ions and PEI/GO and reveals that the adsorption process obeys well the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.9932) and the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) is 64.94 mg/g, which is quite high compared to some of the reported adsorbents. Furthermore, the thermodynamic study confirms the spontaneity (negative ΔG° and positive ΔS°) and the endothermic nature (ΔH° = 19.73 kJ/mol) of the adsorption process. The prepared adsorbent (PEI/GO) offers a potential promise for wastewater treatment because of its fast and high uptake removal capacity and could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+-ions and other heavy metals from industrial wastewater.


Background: The aims of this study were to describe guardian perceptions of the experiences of a sample of youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) in rural emergency departments (EDs) with a focus on overall patient satisfaction and characteristics of care. Procedure: Guardians of 139 children with SCD (0 to 17 y) seen at a rural pediatric SCD clinic completed a survey concerning their children's ED experiences in the past 6 months, including information about ED wait times, quality of communications and interactions with the ED health care providers, pain management, perceptions of speed of care, and overall satisfaction. Results: About 41% of guardians reported that their child visited the ED in the past 6 months. Guardians reported moderate satisfaction with ED care. About 25% of those who visited the ED indicated that health care providers did not spend enough time with them and their children did not receive speedy care. Shorter ED wait times and higher ratings of speed of care predicted higher satisfaction. Conclusions: Families of youth with SCD are experiencing longer wait times in rural EDs which contribute to dissatisfaction with care. Efforts are needed to develop strategies to reduce ED wait times and improve speed of care which may improve outcomes following ED care.


Dose estimates were made for Kodak Min-R screens combined with Kodak Min-R film and Kodak Ortho M film, both with and without a 5:1 Bucky grid; for standard xeroradiographic techniques in negative development mode; and for the new, higher sensitivity xeroradiographic process of the Xerox 175 System. The estimates were derived from exposure versus depth measurements in phantoms made of BR12 breast simulation material using thermoluminescent detectors. A molybdenum target source with molybdenum filtration, at a half-value layer of 0.37-mm Al, was used for the screen-film measurements. All xeroradiographic measurements were made with a tungsten target source with aluminum filtration at half-value layers of 1.5 to 1.56 mm Al. Mean glandular dose estimates for the Min-R screen/Ortho M film combination with Bucky grid and for the new xeroradiographic process were found to be similar. Dose reduction with the new xeroradiographic system was achieved through a more sensitive photoreceptor and more sensitive development, which also improved the unique imaging characteristics of xeroradiography.


Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, aviation security policy has remained a focus of national attention. We develop mathematical models to address some prominent problems in aviation security. We explore first whether securing aviation deserves priority over other potential targets. We compare the historical risk of aviation terrorism to that posed by other forms of terrorism and conclude that the focus on aviation might be warranted. Secondly, we address the usefulness of passenger pre-screening systems to select potentially high-risk passengers for additional scrutiny. We model the probability that a terrorist boards an aircraft with weapons, incorporating deterrence effects and potential loopholes. We find that despite the emphasis on the pre-screening system, of greater importance is the effectiveness of the underlying screening process. Moreover, the existence of certain loopholes could occasionally decrease the overall chance of a successful terrorist attack. Next, we discuss whether proposed explosives detection policies for cargo, airmail and checked luggage carried on passenger aircraft are cost-effective. We define a threshold time such that if an attempted attack is likely to occur before this time, it is cost-effective to implement the policy, otherwise not. We find that although these three policies protect against similar types of attacks, their cost-effectiveness varies considerably. Lastly, we explore whether dynamically assigning security screeners at various airport security checkpoints can yield major gains in efficiency. We use approximate dynamic programming methods to determine when security screeners should be switched between checkpoints in an airport to accommodate stochastic queue imbalances. We compare the performance of such dynamic allocations to that of pre-scheduled allocations. We find that unless the stochasticity in the system is significant, dynamically reallocating servers might reduce only marginally the average waiting time. Without knowing certain parameter values or understanding terrorist behavior, it can be difficult to draw concrete conclusions about aviation security policies. Nevertheless, these mathematical models can guide policy-makers in adopting security measures, by helping to identify parameters most crucial to the effectiveness of aviation security policies, and helping to analyze how varying key parameters or assumptions can affect strategic planning.


In this research the momentum transport phenomena in a nanoscale liquid bridge were simulated by Molecular Dynamics method and its nanoscale characteristics were analyzed. Water was assumed as the lubricant. Momentum flux was generated in a liquid bridge by controlling the velocity of a part of the liquid bridge. Using the velocity gradient of the liquid bridge and the momentum flux, viscosity coefficients of the liquid bridge were obtained. We analyze the dependence of the width of the liquid bridge on the viscosity coefficient and the d.ifi'erences of the viscosity coefficients between liquid bridges and bulk water were confirmed.


After spending or committing almost $7 billion on light and heavy rail lines, the Board of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) has voted to suspend most rail construction. This is an analysis of the current MTA long-range 20-year plan, "A PLAN FOR LOS ANGELES COUNTY: Transportation for the 21st Century," adopted March 1995. The plan is inconsistent with federal planning requirements. Performance indicators described in the plan are skewed in favor of rail in part because the plan accounts only for local costs in cost-effectiveness calculations. The plan does not evaluate reasonable alternatives to rail lines, avoiding discussion of lower cost options. We conclude that the Los Angeles rail plan was never realistic. The plan was crafted to justify the decision to build the Los Angeles rail system and not to guide, inform, or improve this decision.


The intrinsic uncertainty of sensory information (i.e., evidence) does not necessarily deter an observer from making a reliable decision. Indeed, uncertainty can be reduced by integrating (accumulating) incoming sensory evidence. It is widely thought that this accumulation is instantiated via recurrent rate-code neural networks. Yet, these networks do not fully explain important aspects of perceptual decision-making, such as a subject's ability to retain accumulated evidence during temporal gaps in the sensory evidence. Here, we utilized computational models to show that cortical circuits can switch flexibly between 'retention' and 'integration' modes during perceptual decision-making. Further, we found that, depending on how the sensory evidence was readout, we could simulate 'stepping' and 'ramping' activity patterns, which may be analogous to those seen in different studies of decision-making in the primate parietal cortex. This finding may reconcile these previous empirical studies because it suggests these two activity patterns emerge from the same mechanism.


Abstract Background: Among the most prevalent allergic conditions that affect children is anaphylactic rhinitis (AR). It is capable of leading to physical as well as mental health issues. Concomitant use of loratadine and budesonide may improve symptoms of AR more than treatment with either drug alone. To assess the efficacy and safety of combined loratadine and budesonide for patients experiencing AR is the aim of this study. Methods: We will apply 2 independent authors in six databases, including EMBASE, Pub Med, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database). Studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of combined loratadine and budesonide in patients with AR will include studies published between inception and Dec 2021. Accordingly, the data will have to be in English and Chinese. For the selection of data extraction, the studies and risk of bias assessment will be completed by 2 independent authors. Accordingly, data synthesis will be conducted through RevMan 5.3 software. The study will establish heterogeneity using the I2 test. Without correct data or information, there is a need for Publication bias, which is assessed by performing the Begg and Egger test and generating a funnel plot. Results: The study provides a trustable clinical foundation for loratadine and budesonide for AR treatment. OSF registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/M2RFG Ethics and dissemination: Because the present study is founded on existing studies, it does not require ethics approval.


Serum HBV DNA from infants and children with fulminant hepatitis B (FHB) or acute self-limiting hepatitis B (AHB) and patients believed to be contamination sources was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing of the precore region. A precore mutation from G to A at nucleotide 1896 was found in 5 of 14 FHB patients and in 3 of 10 AHB patients. Among the 10 infants who developed hepatitis during the first 6 months of age, the precore mutation was detected in only 2 of 7 with FHB and in 1 of 3 with AHB. In 1 infant with FHB, a shift from wild type to precore mutant predominance occurred in the serum virus population during the incubation period. Thus, the precore mutation is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause FHB in childhood, although its contributory role cannot be excluded. Factors other than precore mutations may be important in the pathogenesis of FHB.


The position advocated within this article is that the construct of "school readiness" has a social component, and that attempts to evaluate children's interpersonal readiness for kindergarten should be judged in relation to their likely success at mastering specific social school entry tasks. Social school entry tasks, which most likely stem from diverse sociocultural sources, are conceptualized here as interpersonal challenges that children confront as they enter formal schooling—challenges that are inherent within kindergarten classrooms and predictive of children's future school adjustment. A related contention is that attempts to enhance children's readiness for kindergarten should be guided by research on the prerequisites of social task mastery—that is, evidence gathered during the preschool years that forecasts children's later success at social school entry tasks. Evidence bearing on these premises is reviewed as a means of considering the validity and heuristic utility of these propositions for future research on school readiness.


In 1993 new European legislation regarding side-markers for passenger cars became effective. Volvo requested the TNO-Human Factors Research Institute (HFRI) to investigate the possible safety benefit of this European side-markers configuration. A test panel at TNO- HFRI was used to determine the difference in response time and detection error of drivers, confronted with slides of vehicles with and without the mentioned new vehicle side-marker configuration in several visibility conditions, crossing illumination and different vehicle approach angles. The investigation showed a significant faster vehicle recognition with less detection errors in case the approaching car was equipped with the bright amber side-markers. This improved vehicle conspicuity can be a benefit in crash avoidance, especially when the driver approaches a crossing with complex light environment and reduced visibility. Allowing the bright amber European side-markers in US legislation could be the start of better crash avoidance worldwide. Copyright © 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.


~~ The fungicide Captan inhibited the growth of Azospidfum brusilense at a concentration of 25 pg d-l. When cysteine and glutathione wexe added to the medium they removed the toxkity of the fungicide. A spontaneous mutant was isolated which was able to grow and fix nitrogen in the presence of 100 pg Captan ml-l. Characterization of the mutant indicated very high levels of glutathione and glutathione transferase activity as compared to the parent strain. The role of these cellular components in the mechanism of resistance to Captan is discussed; the involvement of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxid- appears essential to Captan resistance in the mutant strain.


The increasing demand of multimedia applications requires a new behavior of routing protocols in wireless ad-hoc networks. It is necessary to support many requirements for quality of services (QoS) to meet user expectations. This paper is an analysis of the proposed quality-aware routing mechanism based on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, from a perspective of the network and the user. The experimental tests were performed to demonstrate the performance of our solutions considering different evaluation metrics.


The formation and disappearance of aldehydes during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SD) of fried clams was investigated in order to shed light on the underlying mechanism. Results from the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and fluorometric assays using a specific aldehyde probe indicated that the SD (with lipase) of fried clams initially reduced (at the gastric stage), but subsequently increased (mainly at the intestinal stage) the contents of total aldehydes. Meanwhile, eight specific aldehydes including propanal, acrolein, trans-2-pentenal, hexanal, trans,trans-2,4-octadienal, trans,trans-2,4-decadienal, 4-hydroxy-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-nonenal in the digested meal were determined by using a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. Results indicated that the changes in the trend of the contents of the eight aforementioned aldehydes were similar to those of total aldehydes during SD (with lipase) of fried clams. However, a similar SD process without lipase time-dependently reduced the contents of total and individual aldehydes. Moreover, lipid classes and free fatty acids (FFAs) in the digested meal were determined to reveal the degree of hydrolysis of lipids during the SD process. Results indicated that the SD (with lipase) of fried clams significantly hydrolyzed triacylglycerols (TAG) and polar lipids (PL) and produced FFAs, but the SD process without lipase resulted in negligible lipid hydrolysis. Thus, our results demonstrated a positive correlation between lipid hydrolysis and aldehyde generation during the SD of fried clams. Alternatively, unsaturated FFAs instead of TAG and PL could have served as the main precursors for aldehyde generation due to their high oxidative susceptibility.


Potato is one of the crops having high nutritive value and fourth major crop of country. But its production was low due to major factors like non-availability of disease free seed of high yielding varieties, poor agronomic practices, indigenous weeding methods, lack of proper plant protection measures for the control of insect/pests and diseases, defective marketing system and lack of information. Present study was designed especially to see the role of mass media in the promotion of latest technology among farmers for enhancing the potato production in tehsil Depalpur, district Okara. The Okara district is famous for its fertile lands, and green fields of potato, sugarcane, wheat, rice and maize crops. Okara district comprises of three tehsils, namely Okara, Depalpur, and Renala Khurd. Tehsil Depalpur randomly selected as the study area having a total of 542 villages. Out of these villages 10 were selected randomly. Twelve potato growers from each selected village were taken at random. Thus, the total sample was 120 respondents. Data were collected with the help of a specifically designed and pre-tested interview schedule. The results showed that 64.16% of the respondents had an education from primary to matric and above level. Majority (61.0-83.3%) of the respondents were aware of potato varieties like Desiri, Diamint and Santey, respectively. On the other hand, adoption level for all varieties was low except Santey which was adopted by 75.3% of the respondents. It was concluded that different mass media were not fully utilized in the area which hindered not only awareness level of the respondents but also adversely affect the adoption level regarding the latest production technology related to potato.That, all the educational level of the study area should be increased so as farming community is able to get benefit from printed material. To increase the use of computer and internet both public and private sector should create awareness and establish telecenters for the dissemination of modern potato technology that ultimately results in the upliftment of potato production.


The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, has underpinned the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry for several years. Earlier studies show that Industry 4.0 is now impacting the construction industry and one of its specific features: supply chain management and particularly on-site logistics. Although many technologies have been associated with what can be called Construction 4.0, little attention has been paid to the applications resulting from these technologies. Thus, the utilization of technologies remains largely unknown. The aim of this article is to explore the technological applications associated with Industry 4.0 and used in on-site logistics. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the technological applications found in the scientific literature and those identified in practice.


Theoretical Golden Rule treatment of the dynamics of triplet and singlet excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and its derivative 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-methylphenyl)benzoxazole (MHBO) is presented. These compounds express typical and very similar non-Arrhenius temperature behavior of the rate of triplet keto-enol equilibration θ 1 =k K-E +k E-K despite the experimental evidence of different reaction regimes and keto-enol energy gaps


This paper describes an empirical field study performed in a nuclear power plant simulator control room and presents how the use of an automatic turbine system (ATS) affects nuclear power plant turbine operators' ability to stay in control during different levels of automation. The paper also presents how the operators cope with the automation interface and how their problem solving ability is affected by varying levels of automation. The Contextual Control Model (COCOM) was used to analyse the turbine operators' work with the ATS. The aims were to investigate how the ATS design support the turbine operators in their work in terms of monitoring and controlling the turbine process, and to identify possible improvements in the ATS user interface design. Seven turbine operators were interviewed during the simulator training session. The results of the interviews point out that automation related problems such as out-of-the-loop performance and loss of skills exist in the control room setting. The use of COCOM as a means for analysis provided explanations to these results and implied that time for evaluation is an important factor for effective performance. Finally, improving the visibility of the underlying program logic was found to be the most important measure to enhance the ATS interface.