Background and Aim: Lumpy skin disease (LSD), is a highly infectious viral disease of cattle, caused by LSD virus (LSDV) which belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus of family Poxviridae. In the summer of 2017, skin lesions suggestive of LSD were observed in cattle at several governorates in Egypt. This study aimed to detect LSDV in cattle specimens using rapid serological and molecular diagnostic assays. Materials and Methods: A total of 46 skin biopsies and uncoagulated blood samples were collected from cattle with LSD suggestive clinical signs, as well as 290 coagulated whole blood samples from cattle without skin lesion in different governorates in Egypt during the summer of 2017. Skin biopsies were used for virus isolation from the chorioallantoic membrane of 11-day-old specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECEs). LSDV was identified using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) with specific hyperimmune serum against LSDV. Cattle sera were examined using indirect FAT (IFAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Skin nodules and sitfast lesions were significant clinical signs observed in all LSD suspect cattle. SPF-ECEs, from which positive isolations were made and it showed characteristic inflammatory and focal white pock lesions. The isolated viruses were identified as LSDV by FAT, conventional gel-based PCR, and RT-PCR. Among the skin biopsies and corresponding blood samples, LSDV-positive samples percentage were 39.13 and 36.95 by RT-PCR, followed 34.78 and 28.26 by conventional PCR and then 32.6 and 26.8 by FAT, respectively. The total positive percentage of LSDV antibody detected in cattle serum samples were 17.93 and 14.48 by indirect ELISA and IFAT. Conclusion: LSDV was detected and identified in skin biopsies and corresponding blood samples of naturally infected cattle, more LSDV-positive samples were detected by RT-PCR, followed by conventional PCR and then FAT. The indirect ELISA detected more antibody-positive samples than the IFAT from cattle serum samples. The RT-PCR assay is simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable for the detection of LSDV in blood and skin nodule biopsies of suspected cattle.


How does the self relate to the body? Bodily self-consciousness, i.e. the sense of being a subject bound to a body, involves a first-person perspective (1PP), i.e. the sense of being directed at the world. Prior research suggests that bodily self-consciousness depends on brain mechanisms integrating multisensory bodily signals. However, the specific multisensory mechanisms of 1PP are poorly understood. Here, I defend the thesis that the vestibular system, i.e. the sensory system encoding rotational and linear accelerations of the head, contributes to 1PP and related multisensory processing in the brain. The first part of my thesis presents experimental evidence showing that 1PP was influenced by multisensory conflict about the direction of gravity and the location of the body. 1PP depended on integrated visual-vestibular signals and was functionally distinct from another aspect of bodily self-consciousness: self-identification, i.e. the feeling that a particular body is 'mine'. The second part of my thesis presents the electrical neural correlates by which vestibular stimulation affected somatosensory and visual cortical processing. Passive whole-body yaw rotation naturally and selectively stimulated the vestibular system while the evoked responses to somatosensory or visual stimuli were recorded by electroencephalography. Electrical neuroimaging analysis showed temporal-specific vestibular effects on somatosensory and visual evoked potentials, localized by source estimations to distinct regions of the somatosensory, visual, and vestibular cortical networks. Collectively, the results from my thesis suggest that the vestibular system contributes to 1PP and multisensory cortical processing and imply that the vestibular system should not be neglected when studying higher brain function and neurobiological mechanisms of consciousness.


Summary The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is elevated in the postpartum period. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) reduces the risk of VTE in many settings but is costly, inconvenient and increases bleeding. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) are required to determine if LMWH prophylaxis provides a clinical benefit in high-risk postpartum women. We sought to determine if a placebo-controlled RCT was feasible. We conducted a multi-national, double-blind pilot RCT in "high risk" postpartum women comparing 21 days of prophylactic dose LMWH to identical saline placebo injections. The primary pilot outcome was mean number of recruited women per centre per month. The planned primary outcome for the full trial was symptomatic objectively confirmed VTE or asymptomatic proximal deep-vein thrombosis diagnosed by a screening bilateral leg vein ultrasound at day 21. In six centres, a total of 1,346 potentially eligible women were approached to participate; 968 were ineligible, leaving 378 (31.5%) eligible patients. Of these, only 25 (6.6%) were randomised at a rate of 0.7 per centre per month. The primary reasons for declining participation were to avoid study injections and being too overwhelmed to participate in research. None of the participants had a VTE during follow-up. In conclusion, despite an adequate number of eligible participants, our double-blind RCT design was not feasible due to a very low consent rate. Other experimental approaches may be necessary to generate evidence in this important area of research.


This work deals with the research on brand recognition/awareness by selecting the consumer products as electronics laptop/ tablet PC and smart/ cell phone in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan which are transited to a free market economy. In determining the brand awareness we've got the data using appropriate market-questionnaire method. Mobile phone was identified with 98.9% as the most significant brand awareness.


In this article an old question with relation to disability history is dragged up and looked at from a rather new perspective. By referring to Foucault's notion of problématisation a new insight is presented into the way in which disability at the turn of the eighteenth century became a problem for contemporary politics and how a particular kind of education offered itself as an appropriate means to solve it. In order to enlighten this crucial part of the history of Western societies the author will turn to a rather under‐exposed part of European culture: solitude. This focus on solitude will not only open an unexpected door on the history of disability but also will enable the formulation of a critique on both the dominant discourse of inclusion and contemporary models of education which aim at teaching people how to behave while being solitary.


The present study, based on the detailed mapping of minor structures, confirms the original interpretation of Bailey (1910, 1934) concerning the Dalradian rocks of the Ballachulish district. The rocks are only affected by two deformation phases of any importance. These are correlated with the D1 and D3 phases in the regional deformation history established by Treagus (1974). The structures formed in response to these phases correspond to the primary and secondary structures of Bailey (1910), respectively. The D1 structures comprise the Fort William Slide, the Appin Syncline, the Tom Meadhoin Anticline, the Ballachulish Slide and the Ballachulish Syncline, arranged in order of structural succession. The slides are lags associated with zones of intense D1 deformation. The Stob Ban Synform is a D3 fold which separates downward-facing D1 structures to the SE from upward-facing D1 structures to the NW.


Karl Landsteiner was born in Vienna in 1868. He graduated from the Vienna Medical School in 1891, which dominated one of his most productive and formative periods in the following years. Although he devoted himself to research in bacteriology, haematology and immunology, he tried to maintain a close relationship with clinical medicine. Landsteiner's intellectual curiosity was centred on fundamental questions about the specificity of antisera directed against various antigens. His research with chemically modified proteins also led to the concept of the specificity of serological reactions, defined in his classical book on this subject. The attachment of small organic molecules to proteins, which in 1921 he called 'haptens', was the foundation for future immunological research into the nature of antibody-combining sites, antigenic determinants and antibody–antigen binding forces. In 1930, Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize for his description of the human ABO blood group system, which he himself considered an accidental discovery. Karl Landsteiner discovered human blood groups in 1900 and laid the foundation for the modern medical practice of blood transfusion. The ABO blood groups have a role in physiology beyond their importance for blood transfusion. In the past few years, red cell antigens (A and B carbohydrate structures) have been found on a variety of cells, tissues and proteins, indicating that these antigens might be involved in different physiological processes. The blood group O has an edge in Darwin's concept of the survival of the fittest because it confers protection from vascular diseases. Many studies have established a relationship between the ABO blood groups and the risk of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis (Souto et al, 2000). Hypercoagulation is a risk factor for vascular diseases. It can be caused by excessive concentrations of proteins whose function is to maintain haemostasis. Such proteins include factor VIII (FVIII) and von Willebrand factor (VWF). Lower concentrations of VWF and FVIII are found in the circulation of people who have blood group O than in those with blood group A, B or AB (Souto et al, 2000). The mean VWF antigen concentration is 25% lower in blood group O than in other blood groups (Moeller et al, 2001; O'Donell & Laffan, 2001). This often leads to diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing mild forms of the inherited bleeding disorder, type I von Willebrand's Disease (VWD), from a healthy blood group O (Nitu-Whalley et al, 2000). Plasma phenotypes differ between OO and non-OO genotypes. Recently a link was found between the ABO gene locus and the VWF antigen concentration, and one was suggested between the ABO gene locus and FVIII coagulation activity (Souto et al, 2000). Blood groups influence the VWF antigen level not only in normal subjects but also in heterozygous VWF-deficient subjects who have a null allele with certain missense mutations in the VWF gene. The heterogeneity of plasma phenotypes in heterozygous carriers for type 3 VWD might be due to blood groups (Castaman & Elkenboom, 2002). Von Willebrand factor is a large multimeric glycoprotein that is synthesized in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. It has a dual role in haemostasis. In primary haemostasis, VWF is essential for the adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular injury. In its second role, VWF is crucial to intrinsic coagulation because it binds to the amino-terminal part of FVIII and preserves it in the circulation (Schwarz et al, 2002). Mature VWF is heavily glycosylated, containing 12 ASN-linked 10 Ser ⁄Thr-linked oligosaccharide chains. The N-linked oligosaccharide chains contain the ABO blood group antigens (Matsui et al, 1993; Sarode et al, 2000). Studies on ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantations indicate that platelet-derived VWF synthesized in megakaryocytes does not contain these blood group antigens in contrast to the endothelial-cell-synthesized VWF found in plasma (Matsui et al, 1999). The only other known plasma proteins that contain ASN-linked ABO blood group antigens are alpha 2 macroglobulin and FVIII (Matsui et al, 1993). The biological function of blood group antigens on VWF and FVIII is still not clear but blood group sugar chains might influence the functional properties of VWF such as ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination or the metabolic clearance of VWF and its susceptibility to proteolysis (Sarode et al, 2000). The first description of the congenital dysfunctional state of VWF in causing bleeding was published by Erik von Willebrand (von Willebrand, 1931), 1 year after Karl Landsteiner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of human blood groups.


The reactivity of the common pain reliever acetaminophen (paracetamol or 4-acetamidophenol) with monochloramine in aqueous solution was investigated in this study. Initially, monochloramine demands of acetaminophen (AAP) and its chlorination byproduct, 1,4-benzoquinone, were determined in excess of oxidant at pH 8.5 and 25 °C. Monochloramine demands of AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone were respectively 1.2 (±0.2) and 4.4 (±0.3) mol/mol after 72 h of reaction. Chlorination reactions were also conducted under the same experimental conditions in order to compare the oxidant demands and the reactivity of free chlorine and monochloramine toward AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone. Chlorine demands of AAP and 1,4-benzoquinone were much more important than monochloramine demands and respectively accounted for 13.4 (±0.2) and 6.8 (±0.5) mol/mol. The reaction of AAP with monochloramine was monitored using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance (HPLC-UV). AAP reacted with monochloramine to form simultaneously two first byproducts. The half-life of reaction was estimated to be 90 min. The apparent second-order rate constant ( k app2 ) for the reaction of AAP with monochloramine at pH 8.5 was 231 M −1 ·h −1 .


PURPOSE
The current brachytherapy dose calculation formalism determines clinical dose distributions using the superposition principle. However, this approach cannot account for intersource attenuation for extended brachytherapy sources such as elongated and curved sources. The purpose of this study is to determine the line segment length required for optimal accuracy of dose calculations in the vicinity of elongated and curved 103Pd and 192Ir sources using the superposition technique intrinsic to the AAPM TG-43 formalism.

METHODS
Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed in water for 103Pd and 192Ir sources with linear, toroidal, and hairpin geometries. Dose distributions for 0.1-8.0 cm line segments from MC simulations were entered into treatment planning system (TPS) using the TG-43 approach with 0.05 cm spatial resolution. Line source dose distributions were benchmarked using MC-to-MC comparisons with the superposition principle, TPS-to-TPS fluence map comparisons, and MC-to-TPS gamma-index comparisons. Toroidal and hairpin geometries were constructed using line segments in the TPS, then TPS-calculated dose distributions were compared to the MC-simulation results. Gamma-index comparisons were performed in the iba(Dosimetry) Omni-Pro I'mRT software using 2 mm distance-to-agreement Ad and 2% dose error deltaD criteria, with a passing rate of > or = 98% of pixels meeting the gamma < or = 1.00 tolerance deemed acceptable.

RESULTS
For the MC-to-MC superposition check for line source, the average ratio of the superposition to the solid source length was 1.051 for 103Pd and 1.009 for 192Ir through the whole volume with maximum ratios of 1.34 and 1.32, respectively. TPS-to-TPS comparisons between a solid line source and multiple line segments also provided good agreement. The MC-to-TPS benchmarking indicated where the gamma-index comparison failed were inside the source and within 0.25 cm of the source long-axis. Excluding these regions, 99.6% and 99.9% of the 57 600 in-plane pixels satisfied the gamma-index criteria for 103Pd and 192Ir, respectively. The optimal line segment length for both 103Pd and 192Ir toroidal sources was about 0.5 cm or one-fifth of the torus diameter, whichever was smaller. For all toroidal geometries and all line segment lengths examined, at least 98.9% and 100.0% pixels met the gamma-index criteria for 103Pd and 192Ir, respectively. For both 103Pd and 192Ir hairpin source, all geometric variations had passing rates exceeding 99.2%. However, the best results were obtained from 0.4 cm line segments on the curved part for 103Pd while it was independent of line segment length for 192Ir.

CONCLUSIONS
A method for using a conventional TPS for brachytherapy treatment planning of elongated and curvilinear brachytherapy sources was developed and benchmarked. This method was evaluated using a gamma-index comparison technique, where appropriate pass-rate criteria were identified. Using a variety of subsegment lengths, the total length for a straight-line source was generally reproduced with accuracy improving as subsegment length increased, approaching the total straight-line length. Toroidal sources were similarly modeled with line segments, and an accuracy tradeoff was found between geometric errors and simulating dose anisotropy along the long-axes. The gamma-index comparison method to analyze the results was shown to be more powerful than point-wise comparison methods, and more versatile than dose ratios on the same plane.


The optimization problem of maximizing the throughput of a regular multi-radio, multi-channel wireless mesh network is addressed in this paper. Given certain network topology and traffic demands, by jointly considering power control, channel assignment and scheduling, we study how to maximize the network throughput under fairness constraint. Based on graph theory, the problem is divided into several sub-problems, which can be formulated as linear programming. It is proved that the solutions of these sub-problems will lead to the global optimal solution to our problem. However, the computational complexity of the above algorithm is O(2n) as it needs to traverse all possible scenarios. Therefore, a suboptimal algorithm is proposed to achieve a complexity of O(n) at the cost of moderate performance degradation. Simulation results show that the suboptimal algorithm solves the problem much faster, while the performance degradation is less than 8%, in comparison with the optimal one.


Universities providing educational services are constantly improving their educational environment by recognizing the importance of physical educational environment. However, most of the existing studies related to education services of universities have been limited to satisfaction with education services and academic achievement. It is time to increase the competitiveness of universities through the behavior intention of positive recommendations by encourage students as beneficiaries of educational services to take positive actions and psychology and promoting their image of universities. In this study, in order to understand the influence of the educational environment that affect the positive recommendation intention of the students, the relationship between the university image and the recommendation intention is examined in terms of the facility-centered educational environment factors from the perspective of the student who is the beneficiary of the educational service.
To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on university students studying in Busan, South Korea. The sample obtained through the questionnaire was refined and then analyses were conducted on demographic analysis, validity analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and moderating regression analysis by using SPSS Version 21.
The results and implications of this study are as follows.
First, the physical educational environment factors of universities including indoor environment, external environment, operation management and convenience were found to have relevant effect on the recommendation intention. Therefore, hypothesis 1-1, hypothesis 1-2, hypothesis 1-3, and hypothesis 1-4 were all supported; therefore, hypothesis 1 was adopted. These results prove that the positive effect on the students from the physical environment of the university is not limited to specific factors. Therefore, universities need to manage all the factors of physical education environment to encourage students' positive recommendation intention. Furthermore, it is necessary to have continuous interest and improvement in physical education environment.
Second, this study examined the moderating effect of university image verified in the relationship between physical education environment and recommendation intention. The university image had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between indoor environment, external environment, convenience and recommendation intention which are sub-variables of physical environment of education. So, hypothesis 2-1, hypothesis 2-2, and hypothesis 2-4 were supported. However, since the operation management did not show significant influence, hypothesis 2-3 was rejected. So, hypothesis 2 was partially supported. Therefore, universities should pay constant attention to and strive for not only physical environment of education but also improved university image.
Despite the results of this study, I would like to suggest future research directions based on the limitations of this study.
In the follow-up study, if the study is conducted through samples from more various regions, the results of the study can be generalized.
In addition, if the detailed items are studied on regional study and the classification of the education system such as the national universities, the private universities, the two-year colleges, and other forms of four-year universities, the study would be more effective.


Neutrophils are vital components of the immune system for limiting the invasion and proliferation of pathogens in the body. Surprisingly, the functional annotation of porcine neutrophils is still limited. The transcriptomic and epigenetic assessment of porcine neutrophils from healthy pigs was performed by bulk RNA sequencing and transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq). First, we sequenced and compared the transcriptome of porcine neutrophils with eight other immune cell transcriptomes to identify a neutrophil-enriched gene list within a detected neutrophil co-expression module. Second, we used ATAC-seq analysis to report for the first time the genome-wide chromatin accessible regions of porcine neutrophils. A combined analysis using both transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data further defined the neutrophil co-expression network controlled by transcription factors likely important for neutrophil lineage commitment and function. We identified chromatin accessible regions around promoters of neutrophil-specific genes that were predicted to be bound by neutrophil-specific transcription factors. Additionally, published DNA methylation data from porcine immune cells including neutrophils were used to link low DNA methylation patterns to accessible chromatin regions and genes with highly enriched expression in porcine neutrophils. In summary, our data provides the first integrative analysis of the accessible chromatin regions and transcriptional status of porcine neutrophils, contributing to the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project, and demonstrates the utility of chromatin accessible regions to identify and enrich our understanding of transcriptional networks in a cell type such as neutrophils.


Summary Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects having Ellagic acid (2,3,7,8-tetrahidroksil [1] benzapiranol [5,4,3-CDE] [1] benzopiran-5, 10-dione) pomegranate, raspberry, strawberry, many fruits such as grapes and walnuts grained derivative is a substance found in vegetable polyphenols. Aluminum is known to cause toxic effects on variety organ systems. In this study, the effect of ellagic acid on the liver of rats against oxidative stress induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) was investigated. Adult male Sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided in four groups. Control the first group, the second group Ellagic acid group, the third group AlCl3 group, the fourth group was used as AlCl3 + Ellagic acid. Ellagic acid 12 mg/kg dose with the orogastric probe and AlCl3 8.3 mg/kg intraperitoneal was administered as a 55 days every other day. Glutathione (GSH) in the liver, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin E levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. While administration of AlCl3 increased the MDA level and CAT activity, it decreased the GSH-Px activity in liver compared those of the control group. The effect of ellagic acid to AlCl3-treated rats decreased the MDA levels and increased GSH, GSH-Px and CAT activities in these samples. According to the data we obtained, a result AlCl3 application against oxidative damage in the liver, which has the potential protective effect of ellagic acid, can be said.


In this paper we develop an intermittent communication framework for teams of mobile robots. Robots move along the edges of a mobility graph and communicate only when they meet at the vertices of this graph, giving rise to a dynamic communication network. We design distributed controllers for the robots that determine meeting times at the nodes of the mobility graph so that connectivity of the communication network is ensured over time, infinitely often. We show that this requirement can be captured by a global Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula that forces robots to meet infinitely often at the meeting points. To generate motion plans that satisfy the LTL expression, we propose a novel technique that approximately decomposes the global LTL formula into local LTL formulas and assigns them to the robots. Since the approximate decomposition of the LTL formula can result in conflicting robot behaviors, we develop a distributed conflict resolution scheme that generates conflict-free motion plans that satisfy the global LTL expression. By appropriately introducing delays in the execution of the generated motion plans we show that the proposed controllers can be executed asynchronously.


Nonsteroidal anti-inf lammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, but their use is frequently related to hypersensitivity reactions. This review outlines our current knowledge of NSAID hypersensitivity (NHS) with regard to its pathogenic, molecular, and genetic mechanisms, as well as diagnosis and treatment. The presentation of NHS varies from a local (skin and/or airways) reaction to systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. At the molecular level, NHS reactions can be classified as cross-reactive (mediated by cyclooxygenase inhibition) or selective (specific activation of immunoglobulin E antibodies or T cells). Genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic factors have been shown to be closely associated with NHS, and may be useful as predictive markers. To diagnose NHS, inhalation or oral challenge tests are applied, with the exclusion of any cross-reactive NSAIDs. For patients diagnosed with NHS, absolute avoidance of NSAIDs/aspirin is essential, and pharmacological treatment, including biologics, is often used to control their respiratory and cutaneous symptoms. Finally, desensitization is recommended only for selected patients with NHS. However, further research is required to develop new diagnostic methods and more effective treatments against NHS.


Traditionally, allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) has involved administration of myeloablative doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation that may cure many patients with haematologic diseases. The high morbidity and mortality associated with the intensive conditioning regimen limits allogeneic SCT to younger and healthier patients. However, it is now known that successful allogeneic SCT is dependent, at least in part, on the antitumour properties of the donor graft independent of the conditioning regimen. This potent 'graft versus tumour' (GVT) effect can now be exploited for clinical benefit. The best evidence of a direct GVT reaction comes from the use of donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). For many patients with relapsed leukaemia after allogeneic SCT, DLI re-establishes complete and durable remissions. This has suggested a novel approach to allogeneic cell therapy (ACT) using non-myeloablative, but immunosuppressive conditioning regimens to permit engraftment of allogeneic stem cells and lymphocytes. Engrafted donor cells would then provide GVT activity in the setting of reduced conditioning regimen toxicity. The ability to minimise toxicity and maximise the immunologic GVT effect will make allogeneic transplantation applicable to patients typically ineligible for conventional allogeneic SCT. Response rates with this strategy have been impressive, although toxicity related to graft versus host disease (GVHD) and other complications remains a concern. Current trials have involved heterogeneous groups of patients using various conditioning regimens. Many issues remain unsettled, including identification of the most appropriate tumour targets and definition of the most effective, least toxic conditioning regimen. In addition, the durability of response is unknown. Nevertheless, the use of non-myeloablative conditioning and ACT may provide a new paradigm for allogeneic cell transplantation and the immunotherapy of cancer.


Title of Document: IMAGE-GUIDED PRECISION MANIPULATION OF CELLS AND NANOPARTICLES IN MICROFLUIDICS Zachary Cummins, Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 Directed By: Professor Benjamin Shapiro, Fischell Department of Bioengineering Manipulation of single cells and particles is important to biology and nanotechnology. Our electrokinetic (EK) tweezers manipulate objects in simple microfluidic devices using gentle fluid and electric forces under vision-based feedback control. In this dissertation, I detail a user-friendly implementation of EK tweezers that allows users to select, position, and assemble cells and nanoparticles. This EK system was used to measure attachment forces between living breast cancer cells, trap single quantum dots with 45 nm accuracy, build nanophotonic circuits, and scan optical properties of nanowires. With a novel multilayer microfluidic device, EK was also used to guide single microspheres along complex 3D trajectories. The schemes, software, and methods developed here can be used in many settings to precisely manipulate most visible objects, assemble objects into useful structures, and improve the function of lab-on-a-chip microfluidic systems. Image-Guided Precision Manipulation of Cells and Nanoparticles in Microfluidics


The PTB work in the field of primary time and frequency standards is described. The dissemination of the PTB time scales via DCF 77, Loran-C and GPS is discussed.


We study the P—V critical behavior of a four-dimensional AdS black hole in an Einstein—Maxwell gravity with a conformal anomaly by treating the cosmological constant as a variable that is related to the thermodynamic pressure. It is shown that there will be no phase transition if k = 0 or −1 are taken. When the charge q1 of the conformal field and the coefficient α satisfy a certain relation, the van de Waals like phase transition for the spherical black hole can occur where the temperature is lower than the small critical temperature or higher than the large one. We also evaluate the critical exponents of the phase transitions and find that the thermodynamic exponents associated with this four-dimensional AdS black hole coincide with those of the van de Waals fluid.


Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) techniques can yield high-resolution images with a small physical array. Their application in the underwater environment is usually confined to the deployment and synthesis of linear apertures. Incoherent SAS processing is a suboptimal approach compared with coherent SAS processing as the absence of phase information results in an inferior along-track resolution and a higher sidelobe level. The absence of phase information implies that incoherent processing is not constrained by phase-aliasing. Incoherent SAS can accommodate non-uniform inter-ping spacing and is tolerant to trajectory estimation errors of the order of the range-compressed pulse length. This presents new opportunities for a robust surveying system. Apertures of nonlinear shapes can be synthesised depending on the nature and requirement of the specific application and environment. Surveys can be conducted with minimal hardware deployment, such as by a diver. On the basis of this concept, tank trial results of a 3-dimensional incoherent SAS technique utilising the synthesis of 2D apertures are presented. Broadband pulses are employed to achieve optimal survey resolution. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated for both monostatic and single-transmit, multiple-receive configurations. Practical results are shown for arbitrary-surface apertures sampled at non-uniformly separated positions.


There can be no doubt that mathematical models has made a huge contribution to the natural sciences. This thesis, as well as game theory in general, grows from a belief that mathematical modelling can be equally beneficial in the social sciences. That the great questions about human behavior can not be solved without rigorous modelling and that right now there is no language more appropriate for these models then mathematics. There are several problems that needs to be thoroughly dealt with before the game theoretical project can be a success. In this thesis the focus is on one of them, how to model people''s behavior when they have very restricted information.


Abstract The habitable zone is the circumstellar region in which a terrestrial-mass planet with an atmosphere can sustain liquid water on its surface. However, despite the usefulness of this concept, it is being found to be increasingly limited in a number of ways. The following is known: (i) Liquid water can exist on worlds for reasons unrelated to its specific distance from a star. (ii) Energy sources can exist for reasons unrelated to the distance to a star. Furthermore, the habitable zone is based on both astronomy – the distance and stellar energy – and chemistry – liquid water and the right temperature. However, these factors are only part of the consideration. Thus, discussions of habitability and the possibility for the emergence of life on a world must consider the evolutionary principles that govern life as well as the laws that govern stellar and planetary science. This is important because the following is also known: (iii) The temporal window for the emergence of life is within 600 million years. (iv) The Earth was an extreme environment overall in the period when this window existed. (v) The first life was necessarily fragile. Therefore, chemical evolution must have taken place in a relatively protected and restricted environment. Thus, rather than as in the Goldilocks zone, which focuses too narrowly on the world as a whole, this paper suggests that it is better to focus on a particular region and time period on a world, in which conditions fit for habitability exist. Thus, the following is suggested: 'The Goldilocks Edge is a spatial and temporal window on an astronomical body or planemo, where liquid solvents, SPONCH elements and energy sources exist'. Furthermore, since the mere presence of these does not necessarily lead to the emergence of life, this possibility only arises when these interact. Thus, it will also be suggested that the following can exist within the Goldilocks Edge: 'The great prebiotic spot is an environmentally relaxed and semi-shielded area on an otherwise extreme world, wherein conditions advantageous for chemical evolution exist'. Such Goldilocks Edges and the great prebiotic spots within them can collectively represent the full distribution of possibilities for life in a solar system. Thus, the concept of a 'limbus mundi' or 'world's edge' is introduced.


In Reply. —Somatization is a multidetermined phenomenon and represents the product of psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social factors. Therefore, effective treatment is often complex and multimodal. While the primary care physician is undoubtedly the cornerstone of therapy, he or she alone may not be sufficient. Primary care physicians can care more effectively for somatizing patients with the assistance of management guidelines, psychiatric consultation, and specific training and educational programs, as Smith et al 1 have shown using psychiatric consultation letters. However, more definitive symptom relief and improved functional status may require a more intensive targeted effort, which requires the time and expertise the primary care physician lacks. Contrary to Drs Fabian, Langsjoen, and Kent, we find impressive evidence of the efficacy and effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral techniques in a variety of conditions, including isolated functional somatic symptoms, somatization disorder, and hypochondriasis. 2 6 Although it is true that nonspecific


Chepangs are highly marginalized indigenous nationalities of Nepal, who live nearby the forests that are rich in Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of commercial importance. These NTFPs can be a potential source of income for Chepangs. This study describes the role of Chepangs in the marketing channel of those NTFPs and analyses the household socio-economic characteristics that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs by Chepangs in Shaktikhor VDC of Chitwan district using backward multiple regression method. Empirical evidences show that collection and marketing of NTFPs is not an attractive source of income especially for those relatively better-off Chepang households who possess higher landholdings, food self-sufficiency, and income from other alternative sources. This is because the current price offered for the NTFPs collected by the community is very nominal, that do not even cover the labour costs involved. Praja Cooperative Limited (PCL), a Chepang community based institution in Shaktikhor, is struggling to provide better prices for Chepangs. However, it is facing challenges due to limited institutional management capacity of Chepangs. Further empowerment of PCL can contribute to improve the bargaining power of Chepang community in NTFP trade. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 10-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7558


.. Objective: To evaluate the pros and cons of an online course from medical students' standpoint. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: At Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital. Period: January 2020 to May 2020. Material & Methods: After taking ethical approval, 200 students were equally divided into basic medical sciences and clinical sciences based on convenient sampling. The participants, after taken verbal consent, filled a selfdesigned questionnaire. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 21.0 and presented in the form of frequency and percentage. The Chi-square test was applied, and the level of significance was taken P=<0.05. Results: Both medical and clinical medical science students were well-motivated in learning online through online courses. However, the lack of internet facility, poor IT skills, and improper facilitation by the faculty hindered their progress towards achieving good online education. Conclusion: Improvement in the way online courses are delivered and taught by the faculty is crucial in increasing student motivation towards online learning, but issues such as poor IT skills and lack of internet facility must be addressed to provide an equal form of e-learning for students.


The purpose of this graduation project is the implementation of a feasibility study and feasibility for the company TALLER INDUSTRIAL PEDROZA S.A.S. TAINPE, located in the municipality of Guadalajara-Buga (Valle del Cauca), organization that is interested in determining key aspects that are currently
affecting the overall performance of the company, besides being able to suggest improvements that give the company the ability to have and sustain a successful development, all this through applied engineering tools that will allow us to identify all major technical, economic and social aspects. The project will
be guided by a comprehensive study of the markets and cost that will allow us to know more about the needs of customers and possibilities to have the business of continue in the market with new strategies.


OBJECTIVE
We conducted a telephonic survey to determine the prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics (NC) in the Moroccan general population.

DESIGN
We performed a large nationwide telephonic survey based upon a random sampling of households in the 16 administrative regions of Morocco to determine the prevalence of chronic pain with NC in the general population. We used a stratified sampling taking into account the number of residents in each region. A sample of households was drawn for each of the 16 regions using systematic sampling.

OUTCOME MEASURES
A questionnaire aimed at identifying chronic pain (defined as daily pain for at least 3 months), evaluating its intensity, duration, and body locations was used. The Moroccan validated version of DN4 questionnaire was used to identify neuropathic characteristics.

RESULTS
A total of 5,328 respondents participated in the survey. 21% of the respondents (1,074) (95%CI: 19,9-22,2), reported chronic daily pain for more than 3 months. The point prevalence of chronic pain with NC, was 10.6% (95% CI: 9,75-11,45). The prevalence was higher in women and individuals older than 60. Chronic pain with NC was significantly more prevalent in women, elderly, illiterate respondents, and respondents from lower social class. It was more frequently located in the lower limbs, and its intensity and duration were higher in comparison with chronic pain without neuropathic characteristics.

CONCLUSION
Chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics is probably more prevalent in the general population than was previously thought and is generally more severe than other chronic pain.


A series of high-molecular weight condensation polyimides was evaluated to determine the effect of polymer molecular structure on the transmission rate of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The polyimide films were prepared from either 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) or pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) with various diamines. The study shows that molecular structure had a strong influence on gas transmission rates with results for some films varying three orders of magnitude from that of other polyimide films. In general, the BTDA series of polyimides had overall lower gas transmission rates than the PMDA-derived series. Polymers prepared with meta-oriented diamines characteristically displayed lower gas transmission than those prepared with para-oriented diamines.


Researches on data integration, data transformation are made much of with marine data because of its characteristics of polymorphism, multi-sources and great capacity etc. This paper provides an integration system of distributed heterogeneous data based on Web Service-related technology and data-centered model. Considering of the problem of different physical storage of heterogeneous data, this paper provides an adaptive adjustment method based on metadata to achieve data synchronization between the central database of dater center and the distributed sub-databases. The scheme is easy to be extended and be maintained. The expansibility, efficiency and data security of the system are enhanced.


Based on the theory of hydraulic transients and the method of characteristics (MOC), a mathematic model of the differential surge tank with pressure-reduction orifices (PROs) and overflow weirs for transient calculation is proposed. The numerical model of hydraulic transients is established using the data of a practical hydropower station; and the probable transients are simulated. The results show that successive load rejection is critical for calculating the maximum pressure in spiral case and the maximum rotating speed of runner when the bifurcated pipe is converging under the surge tank in a diversion-type hydropower station; the pressure difference between two sides of breast wall is large during transient conditions, and it would be more serious when simultaneous load rejections happen after load acceptance; the reasonable arrangement of PROs on breast wall can effectively decrease the pressure difference.


The parameters of the secondary in vitro generation of syngeneic CTL by solubilized tumor antigens have been investigated. With PM and SPM, stimulation was achieved over a 10-fold antigen concentration, 5 microgram/ml to 0.5 microgram/ml, and with whole cells the optimum R/S cell ratio was 80:1 to 100:1. Assuming a 50-fold enrichment of plasma membrane antigens over cells by purifying the PM, this observation suggests that cells are at least 200 times more efficient than PM. A specific tumor antigen that induces CTL in vitro was solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and fractionated on Ultrogel AcA34 followed by affinity chromatography on Lens culinaris lentil lectin-Sepharose 4B column. The purification scheme was shown to have enriched for the specific CTL-inducing activity. The specificity of the induction and effector phases of the reaction was assessed and the data clearly indicate that the reactions were specific. Furthermore, we ruled out the possibility that the induction of CTL by soluble tumor antigen in a secondary reaction could be due to the nonspecific induction of helper activity, which then caused a polyclonal expansion of memory cells.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for advanced water purification membranes. A new kind of lamellar membrane is based on a stack of 2D MXene nanosheets. Starting from compact Ti3 AlC2 , delaminated nanosheets of the composition Ti3 C2 Tx with the functional groups T (O, OH, and/or F) can be produced by etching and ultrasonication and stapled on a porous support by vacuum filtration. The MXene membrane supported on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) substrate shows excellent water permeance (more than 1000 L m-2  h-1  bar-1 ) and favorable rejection rate (over 90 %) for molecules with sizes larger than 2.5 nm. The water permeance through the MXene membrane is much higher than that of the most membranes with similar rejections. Long-time operation also reveals the outstanding stability of the MXene membrane for water purification.


In this paper, the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) method using PSO optimization is applied to design a compact directive balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. This paper demonstrates miniaturized antipodal Vivaldi antenna (32 × 35 × 1.6mm3), having low-cross polarization levels and reasonable gain from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The antenna peak gain is 5.25 dBi in the specified band. The simulated and experimental results of return loss, far field patterns and gain are presented.


Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are among the most fundamental tools for binary classification. In its simplest formulation, an SVM produces a hyperplane separating two classes of data using the largest possible margin to the data. The focus on maximizing the margin has been well motivated through numerous generalization bounds. In this paper, we revisit and improve the classic generalization bounds in terms of margins. Furthermore, we complement our new generalization bound by a nearly matching lower bound, thus almost settling the generalization performance of SVMs in terms of margins.


The "standard" dust-fog test methods (Table I), although complex and time consuming, give sufficient repeatability of results (see appendix) to pennit comparative evaluation of the track resistance of materials over a very wide quality range (0.4-3,000 hours). This is apparently a much greater quality range than can be measured with the best drop-test methods standardized elsewhere. 4,12 A revrised form of the dust-fog test provides a much greater rate of degradation of enhancing tracking tendencies; also, the rate of degradation is less time-dependent compared with the "standard" tests. Both tests give results that may be correlated with the chemical structure and filler content of polymers; also both tests give results that correlate with the results of ASTM D495 arc-resistance tests for many unfilled and hydrated mineral-filled polymers. The D495 test may be employed to detect some wet-track susceptible materials and to predict the optimum contents of hydrated fillers used to improve the wet-track resistance of many types of polymers that do not contain too high a proportion of phenyl rings, chlorine together with hydrogen, or amine and amide groups in their structures. A short-time screening test is still needed for materials for which the dust-fog life is greater than 10 hours (International Electrochemical Commission tracking indexes greater than 1,000 volts). The use of diagnostic techniques (pH indicators, etc.) is informative.


In the development of the international refugee laws adopted by Western countries after the Second World War, accurate use of the term 'refugee' -...implies a need for international protection. Consequently, in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is defined as: a person who "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country". This meaning was limited to the "events occurring in Europe or elsewhere before 1 January 1951", a meaning that follows the concerns of Western democracies in the aftermath of the war, when «the limited numbers who managed to flee were automatically granted asylum» (Chimni 2000 : 270-277). In a paper released by UNHCR, "the original framers had not expected refugee issues to be a major international problem for very long" (UNHCR, A 'Timeless' Treaty Under Attack). Critical analysis of 1951 Convention show that the political truth underwritten in this understanding of the law, and the right as applied during the Cold War, was the assumption that all, but the Western countries were despotic, and so the Western hegemony was seen as a sanctuary for asylum seekers on the assumption that only a few Easterners would come into Western Europe. In the following decades, the direct role of the two power-blocks in the Third World countries and the de-colonization process have immensely fed the flux of refugees, completely changing the post


Human society relies on four main livestock animals – sheep, goat, pig and cattle, which all were domesticated at nearly the same time and place. Many arguments have been put forward to explain why these animals, place and time were suitable for domestication, but the question – why only these, but not other animals, still does not have a clear answer. Here we offer a biogeographical perspective: we survey global occurrence of large mammalian herbivore genera around 15 000 – 5 000 years before present and compile a dataset characterising their ecology, habitats and dental traits. Using predictive modelling we extract patterns from this data to highlight ecological differences between domesticated and nondomesticated genera. The most suitable for domestication appear to be generalists adapted to persistence in marginal environments of low productivity, largely corresponding to cold semi-arid climate zones. Our biogeographic analysis shows that even though domestication rates varied across continents, potentially suitable candidate animals were rather uniformly distributed across continents. We interpret this pattern as a result of an interface between cold semi-arid and hot semi-arid climatic zones. We argue that hot Semi-arid climate was most suitable for plant domestication, cold Semi-arid climate selected for animals most suitable for domestication as livestock. We propose that the rates of domestication across biogeographic realms largely reflect how much intersection between hot and cold Semi-arid climatic zones was available at each continent.


T h e string-matching problem is a very c o m m o n problem. We are searching for a string P = PtP2. . "Pro i n s i d e a la rge t ex t f i le T = t l t2. . . t . , b o t h sequences of characters from a f i n i t e character set Z. T h e characters may be English characters in a text file, DNA base pairs, lines of source code, angles between edges in polygons, machines or machine parts in a production schedule, music notes and tempo in a musical score, and so fo r th . We w a n t to f i n d a l l occurrences of P i n T; n a m e l y , we are searching for the set of starting posit ions F = {i[1 --i--n m + 1 s u c h t h a t titi+ l " " t i + m 1 = P } " T h e two most famous algorithms for this problem are t h e B o y e r M o o r e algorithm [3] and t h e K n u t h Morris Pratt algorithm [10]. There are many extensions to t h i s problem; for example, we may be looking for a set of patterns, a pattern w i t h "wi ld cards," or a regular expression. String-matching tools are included in every reasonable text editor, word processor, and many other applications.


Global environmental problem and the resources problem are getting more important. It is expected that dispersed power systems are spread widely. On the other hand, the increase of the dispersed generators may cause the three-phase unbalance in a distribution network. This study focuses on the possibility of the Scott transformer to reduce the three-phase unbalance in the distribution system. The Scott transformer transforms three phases to two phases. It has been used as a feeding transformer in electric traction system. The difference of behavior between the distribution systems with the Scott transformer and the V-connected transformer is observed in simulation with PSIM. For the secondary side loads of the transformer, resistive loads and dispersed generations are given under the balanced/unbalanced three-phase condition. The simulation results show that the Scott transformer has a better effect on a current and a voltage balancing than the V-connected transformer.


Summary The aim of the study was to analyze the health risk factors and to assess the respondents' health in Western Lithuania. The survey on the health risk factors and the respondents' attitude to their own health was conducted. The scientists of the Health Sciences Faculty of Klaipeda University, using questionnaire from Lund University in Sweden, developed a questionnaire for this study. The questionnaire consists of a sociodemografic section and the two main sections on health risk factors and respondents opinion about their own health. In the survey 385 residents of Western Lithuania, aged 18 to 89 years participated: 142 (36. 9 %) males and 243 (63. 1 %) females. The survey revealed the overweight in residents of Western Lithuania, as in the whole country. The body mass index in male was higher than that of female. The body mass index was significantly lower in the younger age group, compared with other age groups (middle age, the elderly, and the old residents). The arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in elderly and in old residents, than that of younger and middle age residents. The arterial blood pressure and overweight increased with increasing age. The residents of Western Lithuania assessed their overall health status as average, (61%). When compare the health status with the same age friends' health, 75.6 % of respondents evaluated their health as good, but 30.1 % of residents stated, that they could not accomplish their everyday activities, because of their health problems. The study showed as 55.8% of the residents of Western Lithuania evaluate their physical and mental health as average, but about 80 % of residents stated as they felt pain. The men rated their own health better than women did. The younger residents rated significantly better their overall health status and their abilities to perform their everyday actions, than that of other age groups; also, young people rarely felt pain.


PURPOSE
Physicians utilize cerebral perfusion maps (e.g., cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, transit time) to prescribe the plan of care for stroke patients. Variability in scanning techniques and post-processing software can result in differences between these perfusion maps. To determine which techniques are acceptable for clinical care, it is important to validate the accuracy and reproducibility of the perfusion maps. Validation using clinical data is challenging due to the lack of a gold standard to assess cerebral perfusion and the impracticality of scanning patients multiple times with different scanning techniques. In contrast, simulated data from a realistic digital phantom of the cerebral perfusion in acute stroke patients would enable studies to optimize and validate the scanning and post-processing techniques.

METHODS
We describe a complete framework to simulate CT perfusion studies for stroke assessment. We begin by expanding the XCAT brain phantom to enable spatially varying contrast agent dynamics and incorporate a realistic model of the dynamics in the cerebral vasculature derived from first principles. A dynamic CT simulator utilizes the time concentration curves to define the contrast agent concentration in the object at each time point and generates CT perfusion images compatible with commercially available post-processing software. We also generate ground truth perfusion maps to which the maps generated by post-processing software can be compared.

RESULTS
We demonstrate a dynamic CT perfusion study of a simulated patient with an ischemic stroke and the resulting perfusion maps generated by post-processing software. We include a visual comparison between the computer-generated perfusion maps and the ground truth perfusion maps. The framework is highly tunable; users can modify the perfusion properties (e.g., occlusion location, CBF, CBV, and MTT), scanner specifications (e.g., focal spot size and detector configuration), scanning protocol (e.g., kVp and mAs), and reconstruction parameters (e.g., slice thickness and reconstruction filter).

CONCLUSIONS
This framework provides realistic test data with the underlying ground truth that enables a robust assessment of CT perfusion techniques and post-processing methods for stroke assessment.


In this classic paper presented at an AlEE meeting on May 16, 1888, Nikola Tesla outlined some of the potential advantages of a revolutionary alternating-current power system that would largely supplant the older direct-current system developed by Thomas Edison following a short struggle known as the "battle of the systems." Additional details of the new system were contained in a group of US. patents that were issued to Tesla approximately two weeks before he gave this paper. Thomas C. Martin, chairman of the AlEE committee on papers, later wrote that he had experienced great difficulty in persuading Tesla to present the paper and that it had been written in haste the night before the meeting. The Tesla system was exhibited at the Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in 1893 and was used in the historic hydroelectric power project at Niagara Falls that provided a convincing demonstration of the advantages of a universal polyphase power system. The Tesla alternating-current motor became a versatile work horse of industry and household appliances.


We identify the spatially resolved trapping mechanism and clarify the role of the unintentionally doped (UID) GaN layer in suppressing the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) degradation in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on Si. The trapping mechanism is characterized by measuring C–V dispersion after three different configurations of bias stress: high drain-substrate voltage stress, high drain-gate voltage stress and combined stress (with both high drain-gate voltage and drain-substrate voltage stress). Under the combined stress, the 2DEG degradation is the overall effect of electron trapping and hole trapping. By comparing samples with and without the UID GaN layer, we confirm the role of the UID layer in suppressing the 2DEG degradation by hole trapping in that layer. The electron and hole trap states are further identified by reversed vertical stress and current transient measurements. The electron trap with an activation energy of 0.53 eV and the hole trap with an activation energy of 0.81 eV are distinguished.


In this study, the purpose was to reveal the content analysis of master's theses and doctoral dissertations in the field of CEIT between 2018-2020. The field of CEIT could be said to cover the fields of educational technology and distance education. A total of 156 master's theses and dissertations were examined in order to identify the keywords, academic discipline, research areas, theoretical frameworks, research designs and models, variables and related institutions. According to the research findings, it was seen that quantitative methods were mostly used in the theses and dissertations examined and that mixed methods were used in master's theses more than in doctoral dissertations. In addition, it was revealed that few of the theses and dissertations had theoretical foundations. K-12 students were mostly preferred as the type of participant, and scales and interviews were most popular as data collection tools. Moreover, the variables of academic performance and effectiveness were mostly used as dependent variables. The present study, which conducted systematic content analysis of master's and doctoral dissertations in the field of CEIT, is thought to be important in terms of revealing the current situation in the fields of Educational Technology and Distance Education and determining the research trends.


Self-service technologies in retail have not been studied on a large scale despite their increasing importance. The major aim of this article is to increase our understanding of automated processes in retail by employing an in-depth analysis of one case. The object of study is a fully automated food shop in Western Finland, in a small village. After a brief review of customer participation and self-service technologies in general, the object of study is analyzed by means of a survey. A total of 82 persons (= 27.3 % of the village population) took part in the survey. The findings indicate that the automated concept has great relevance for the customers. Customers were committed to the service concept and the general perception of quality is rather high. Lack of personal service is not generally perceived as an issue, but according to this study, age seems to have a weak impact on the customers' perceived difficulty of use of the vending machines. Managerially it has become clear that traditional retail research does not provide sufficient information for automated stores. In terms of further research, a study on automated stores in urban surroundings and an in-depth analysis of the ways of communication between vending machines and customers are suggested.


The correct determination of the antenna phase center is a key point when performing UHF-RFID localization through a phase-based method. In this paper, we investigate the effect of a wrong knowledge on the reader antenna phase center in phase-based methods exploiting the relative motion of the reader antenna with respect to the stationary tags through a Synthetic Aperture Radar approach. An experimental analysis is carried out in a real scenario with the reader antenna attached on a robotic-wheeled walker.


Animation production is in essence builds a solid foundation of visual and animation theory and practice in the development of traditional and digital animation. Animation production process had variety methods and rely on production operate requirement. The process of creating animation start out the same but the difference when make a disposition and additional of process and it is a part of cost production factor. This thesis addresses the development of the animation production process. The thesis conducted a case study on production process in completing an animated movie. The case study provides information on the development of animation production. The study found the quality and completed on schedule rely organized a division of tasks and also assisted by skill and tools were applied. The study examined the outcome of organized tasks division are affect to production works. The reference points here are production studios and institution in the region and supported by 24 methods listed from literature review. The animation production case study was practiced in Malaysia. It showed that some production studios need to adapt latest tools and new experience to compete with other international studios. Applying a case study approach, the thesis made use of interview with experts, as well consulting numerous web sites and clip videos. By conceptual the process with clarification of experts practice to endorse assessment applying in outlined the process development. This research contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge in the field of animation industry within the context of creative economy. Finally the thesis makes recommendation for practitioners to assist a better position in the industry by reducing time consumers and budgeting while retaining quality and quantity.


Imaging plays an important role in the selection of patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysms suitable for interventional therapy and preinterventional workup. It is also an important tool for follow-up after stent-graft placement. Cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow the delineation of the vessel lumen and side branches. Modern postprocessing techniques permit precise measurement of aneurysm properties such as the length and diameter of the proximal and distal neck and the length and diameter of the aneurysm. Evaluation of the access vessel is also possible. During follow-up after stent-graft placement, it is important to detect possible endoleaks and further growth of the aneurysm sac. Furthermore fractures of the stent struts, migration of the stent, and in-stent thrombosis must to be detected. This review provides an overview of the pros and cons of the different imaging modalities in pre- and postinterventional studies. In addition the most important criteria for the exclusion of infrarenal aortic aneurysms and for patient follow-up are presented.


Octafluorocyclobutane, c-C4F8, and its derivatives are regarded as promising replacements of insulation gaseous SF6, which are currently widely used in electric equipment but suffer greatly from its greenhouse effect. Based on the recent finding that the dielectric and thermodynamics properties of insulating gases are greatly dependent on the molecule's microscopic electronic and vibrational parameters, in this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) to study the molecular structures, electron affinities, and IR-active vibrational frequencies as well as thermodynamic properties for c-C4F8 and a series of mono-, di-substituted c-C4F8 compounds. It is shown that DFT calculation of perfluoro-compounds is sensitive to the chosen functional. Although all chloro-substituted c-C4F8 molecules are found to have much larger electron affinities, only part of them have less IR intensity in the atmospheric IR "window" than c-C4F8. Such a study provides useful guideline for the pre-screening search for new insulation gases via electronic structure calculations.


The 11α-hydroxylation of canrenone can be catalyzed by Aspergillus ochraceus in bioreactors, where the geometry of the impeller greatly influences the biotransformation. In this study, the effects of the blade number and impeller diameter of a Rushton turbine on the 11α-hydroxylation of canrenone were considered. The results of fermentation experiments using a 50 mm four-blade impeller showed that 3.40% and 11.43% increases in the conversion ratio were achieved by increasing the blade number and impeller diameter, respectively. However, with an impeller diameter of 60 mm, the conversion ratio with a six-blade impeller was 14.42% lower than that with a four-blade impeller. Data from cold model experiments with a large-diameter six-blade impeller indicated that the serious leakage of inclusions and a 22.08% enzyme activity retention led to a low conversion ratio. Numerical simulations suggested that there was good gas distribution and high fluid flow velocity when the fluid was stirred by large-diameter impellers, resulting in a high dissolved oxygen content and good bulk circulation, which positively affected hyphal growth and metabolism. However, a large-diameter six-blade impeller created overly high shear compared to a large-diameter four-blade impeller, thereby decreasing the conversion ratio. The average shear rates of the former and latter cases were 43.25 s-1 and 35.31 s-1, respectively. We therefore concluded that appropriate shear should be applied in the 11α-hydroxylation of canrenone. Overall, this study provides basic data for the scaled-up production of 11α-hydroxycanrenone.


BACKGROUND
Despite evidence that participation in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with better clinical outcomes, many patients with coronary artery disease do not participate in such programmes. A traditional educational approach is recommended to provide patients with information regarding the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation in relation to their underlying coronary artery disease and modification of risk factors.

AIMS
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of patient factors (symptom experience and health belief) on cardiac rehabilitation education programme attendance among Korean patients subjected to percutaneous coronary intervention.

METHODS
A prospective survey was conducted enrolling 173 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Information on symptom experience, health belief (perceived susceptibility/severity/benefits/ barriers) and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was collected at baseline (after percutaneous coronary intervention). Three to four weeks later, information on disease-related knowledge and health behaviour was compared between cardiac rehabilitation education programme attendees and non-attendees.

RESULTS
Eighty of 173 (46.2%) patients surveyed attended the cardiac rehabilitation education programme. Symptom experience before percutaneous coronary intervention was the most significant predictor of programme attendance (odds ratio=3.46; 95% confidence interval 1.45-8.27), followed by higher perceived socioeconomic status (odds ratio=2.90; 95% confidence interval 1.28-6.58), perceived susceptibility (odds ratio=1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.39), perceived benefits (odds ratio=1.09; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.17) and perceived severity (odds ratio=1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.08). Better disease-related knowledge and health behaviour were significantly associated with cardiac rehabilitation education programme attendance.

CONCLUSION
This study provides evidence that educational programmes to help improve patients' perceptions of their disease susceptibility and severity, especially health behaviour benefits in patients without symptom experience before percutaneous coronary intervention, are necessary.


Debates on the financing needs registered a firm levels were a constant concern of specialists but especially managers. Majority opinion is that the financing of investment must be made by sources having character of permanence. However, a problem whose answer is not easily determined is the degree to which it may use its own sources, borrowed or rented, to record the lowest financing cost. Since the shareholders require a higher remuneration of capital investments superior to those on the financial market, managers must seek to reduce the cost of borrowed capital and the growth rate of financial return. In this paper are presented issues relating to the structure and potential sources and funding the decision on cost related to each funding opportunities.


Objective To investigate the anticancer mechanism of magnesium cantharidate by observing its effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Methods The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity detection kit was used to detect the effects of magnesium cantharidate and okadaic acid (OA) on PP2A activity. After the treatment of SMMC-7721 cells with magnesium cantharidate and/or OA, mRNA levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), ERK2, p38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and JNK2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression levels and protein phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2, p38 MAPK and JNK were determined by Western blotting. Results The effect of magnesium cantharidate on the activity of PP2A in SMMC-7721 cells was not evident at the concentration of 0.283 μmol/L, but the activity of PP2A was declined significantly at 0.567 μmol/L or higher concencentrations in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, OA also displayed apparent inhibitory effect on the activity of PP2A at 0.059 nmol/L. Compared with the control group, mRNA levels of ERK1 and ERK2 were not changed by magnesium cantharidate at 0.283 μmol/L, but they significantly declined at the concentrations greater than 0.567 μmol/L. In contrast, mRNA levels of ERK1 and ERK2 were significantly elevated by 0.059 nmol/L OA. mRNA levels of p38MAPK, JNK1 and JNK2 significantly increased after the treatment of 0.059 nmol/L OA or magnesium cantharidate at varying concentrations. Compared with the control group, phosphorylation levels of ERK1 and ERK2 were not changed by 0.283 μmol/L magnesium cantharidate, but decreased significantly when the concentration was 0.567 μmol/L or above. In contrast, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1 and ERK2 showed a significant increase in 0.059 nmol/L OA treated group. The phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, JNK1 and JNK2 were also significantly increased by 0.059 nmol/L OA or magnesium cantharidate in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion Magnesium cantharidate may inhibit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells by inhibiting the activity of PP2A and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.


Abstract The erector spinae plane block is a novel ultrasound-guided technique that has recently been described for the management of acute and chronic thoracic pain. Currently an increasingly number of indications for the ESP block have been published. Nevertheless, the anatomy, mechanism of action, doses and volume of local anesthetic needed are still unclear. The aim of this narrative review is study this new block with base on the updated medical literature.


P systems are branch of bio-inspired computing, which takes inspiration from the structure and functioning of a living cell. Current research of P systems focuses mainly on their computational power, app- lications include biochemical and ecological modeling. In this paper we propose model of passenger flow in metro based on P systems. This model focuses on detailed description of passenger behavior, while retai- ning simple and robust in description of vehicle flow. Formal description of model is given and simulations using Prague Metro as an example with real trac flow data from 2008 are presented. Some open problems are discussed and further directions of research are suggested.


Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that the 'Control' and 'AMD3100' panels in Fig. 3B on p. 326 appeared to show strikingly similar data, such that they may have been derived from the same original source; likewise, the 'Control' and 'Scramble' data panels in the 'Untreated' row of data panels in Fig. 5B on p. 327 also appeared to share some of the same data. The authors have re‑examined their data, and realized that a pair of the data panels included in these figures were inadvertently selected incorrectly. The corrected versions of Figs. 3 and 5, containing the correct data for the 'Control' panel in Fig. 3B and the 'Control' panel for the 'Untreated' experiments in Fig. 5B, are shown on the next page. These errors did not affect the major conclusions reported in the paper. All the authors have agreed to this Corrigendum, and thank the Editor of International Journal of Molecular Medicine for allowing them the opportunity to publish this. The authors regret these errors went unnoticed during the compilation of the figures in question, and apologize to the readership for any confusion that this may have caused. [the original article was published in International Journal of Molecular Medicine 42: 322‑330, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3592].


The inhibition of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease (HIV-1 PR) can prevent the synthesis of new viruses. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) would enhance the discovery of new therapies, through which the estimation of ligand-binding affinity is critical to predict the most efficient inhibitor. A time-consuming binding free energy method would reduce the usefulness of CADD. The modified linear interaction energy (LIE) approach emerges as an appropriate protocol that performs this task. In particular, the polar interaction free energy, which is obtained via numerically resolving the linear Poisson–Boltzmann equation, plays as an important role in driving the binding mechanism of the HIV-1 PR + inhibitor complex. The electrostatic interaction energy contributes to the attraction between two molecules, but the vdW interaction acts as a repulsive factor between the ligand and the HIV-1 PR. Moreover, the ligands were found to adopt a very strong hydrophobic interaction with the HIV-1 PR. Furthermore, the results obtained corroborate the high accuracy and precision of computational studies with a large correlation coefficient value R = 0.83 and a small RMSE δRMSE = 1.25 kcal mol−1. This method is less time-consuming than the other end-point methods, such as the molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) and free energy perturbation (FEP) approaches. Overall, the modified LIE approach would provide ligand-binding affinity with HIV-1 PR accurately, precisely, and rapidly, resulting in a more efficient design of new inhibitors.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of white mud (WM) on mechanical and thermal properties of bamboo plastic composites (BPCs). Bamboo residue fibers (BRFs) and WM were added as the reinforcement, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) served as the matrix. The lubricating agent and coupling agent were polyethylene wax and maleated polyethylene (MAPE), respectively. The mixture was used to manufacture BPCs using a twin-screw extruder. The crystal structure and thermal properties of BPCs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the particle size of the WM was 700 nm to 50 μm, which are made mainly of calcium carbonate. BPCs with WM significantly increased the flexural and tensile properties, but the impact strength decreased because of the presence of WM. The flexural and tensile strength of composites with 18 wt% BPF were increased by 36.81% and 6.26%, respectively, while the flexural and tensile modulus were increased by 164.29% and 64.33%, respectively. XRD demonstrated the WM had little effect on the crystal structure of BPCs. Compared to BPCs without WM, the T5% of composites with 22 wt% WM decreased by 27.9 °C. As the WM content increased, the crystallinity of the BPCs decreased initially, then increased with increasing WM content.


This article describes a method that aims to stimulate adolescents to become critically aware of the social practices accomplished through talk. A key feature of the method is that adolescents are invited to analyse their own conversation materials to accomplish this goal. We will explain how central concepts in the analytical framework employed in discursive psychology are translated into an approach consisting of five stages. Each stage is accompanied by a number of key questions, which constitute the method's backbone. We refer to this approach as the Discursive Action Method. We want to show how this method stimulates youngsters to critically reflect on everyday talk while maintaining a safe position (as 'distant observers'). We stress the importance of inviting youngsters to examine specific interactional features of their talk themselves, as an important 'active ingredient' of this method.


Indonesia is the owner of an inscription certificate from UNESCO regarding the recognition of "The Representative List of The Intangible Culture Heritage of Humanity" for batik. This has an impact on increasing batik production due to increasing demand both from within the country and from abroad. However, there are problems in fulfilling the demand for batik. One of the problems is a decrease of skilled workers in batik especially for "batik tulis". One that is experiencing a shortage of skilled workers is batik production in Cilacap Regency. Therefore, we empower the youth of the Widarapayung Wetan Village youth community by providing batik training. The purpose of this activity is to increase the interest of young people to pursue batik skills as well as to fulfil batik skilled workers. The results of a survey conducted at the end of the community service activity 80% of respondents agreed and 20% strongly agreed to explore batik skills.


Kuswandono Nurhandhika. 2021. Basic Engineering Skills and Physical Condition Survey on Men's Basketball Team 16-Year Age Group Grobogan Youth Spirit Club 2020. Physical Education Thesis Health And Recreation State University of Semarang. Aris Mulyono S. Pd., M. Pd.
Keywords : skill, technique, physical, basketball
The development of basketball achievement in Grobogan is relatively good when viewed from basketball championships between schools and other clubs, such as junior and high school regional sports week and regional championships. In this study, researchers were interested to know: 1) basic skill level of dribbling, passing, and shooting techniques in men's basketball athletes KU 16 youth spirit club grobogan 2) physical condition in men's basketball athletes KU 16 youth spirit club grobogan.
`           The research method uses quantitative descriptors with subjects of ku16 men's basketball athletes of the 2020 youth spirit club with survey methods test and measurement techniques to collect data.
Based on the results of the study known 1) the results of basic technique skills passing averaged a score of 23.67, the results of basic dribbling techniques obtained an average score of 23.30, that the results of basic shooting technique skills obtained an average score of 15.63. 2) The result of basic speed engineering skills (sprint 60m) obtained an average score of 3.33, the result of basic technique skills arm muscle strength (pull up) average obtained a score of 3.30. the result of physical condition skills abdominal muscle strength (sit up) averaged a score of 4.47. technical skills physical condition of limb muscle strength (vertical jump) obtained a score of 2.70. aerobic endurance physical condition skills results (medium distance running 1200m) averaged a score of 3.17. Advice for young spirit club athletes grobogan to continue to improve training both within the club and increase the hours of training outside the existing training schedule of the youth spirit club grobogan.


Globalization in its current instantiation is the fusion of capitalism and advanced technologies, also called "techno-capital". It produces forces that both homogenize and differentiate identity. Contemporary globalization has impacted the social, cultural, economic, technological, and environmental realms; fostered transformations of identity; and, helped to new forms of subjectivity. While globalization is the dominant hegemony of the present age, consumerism has become the basis of its wealth. The current practice of consumerism fosters certain forms of identity (such as self at play, expressed in spectacles, games, and hedonistic lifestyles) where fantasies of the self can be articulated in virtual realms. The problematic of contemporary identity can be seen in various debates over hegemony, resistance, social fragmentation, identity politics, or youth cultures. Moreover, insofar as consumer based identities are dependent on commodities and commoditized commodities to the realms of identity giving rise to new postmodern articulations of alienation. In this paper, we argue that those identity formations that sustain contemporary hegemony do so at the cost of alienated subjectivities. It is posited that the various articulations of identity instantiate the problematic of alienation and identity in our current would seek to overcome this alienation through political action. While small minorities celebrate capitalist globalization, especially through consumerism, the new forms of wealth and power alienate the masses. In sum, the objective of this paper is to seek the relation between globalization, consumerism, and identity and how the interplay of these factors promotes unsustainable consumption practices.


......................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. iii NOMENCLATURE .......................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................vii


It is common for benign excesses of cutaneous tissues in man to be associated with excessive innervation of the tissue concerned. The examples discussed and illustrated include certain 'benign tumours', supernumerary digits, traumatic neuromas, etc. The question raised by these simple observations is that of cause and effect. Does an autonomous benign excess of peripheral tissue somehow attract to it an increased nerve supply from the centre, or may increased innervation from the centre of the body itself induce or promote excessive tissue growth at the periphery ? This problem will first be considered in the light of human cutaneous pathology. It will then be pursued through an initial programme of animal experimentation designed to parallel as closely as possible the human problem.


Serial link articulated robots applied in aerospace assembly have largely been limited in scope by deficiencies in positional accuracy. The majority of aerospace applications require tolerances of +/-0.25mm or less which have historically been far beyond reach of the conventional off-the-shelf robot. The recent development of the accurate robot technology represents a paradigm shift for the use of articulated robotics in airframe assembly. With the addition of secondary feedback, high-order kinematic model, and a fully integrated conventional CNC control, robotic technology can now compete on a performance level with customized high precision motion platforms. As a result, the articulated arm can be applied to a much broader range of assembly applications that were once limited to custom machines, including one-up assembly, two-sided drilling and fastening, material removal, and automated fiber placement.


The interaction of water with oxidized and reduced cytochrome c from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus pasteurii (a 71-amino acid long monoheme cytochrome) is investigated through CLEANEX experiments and (15)N-edited ePHOGSY and Tr-ROESY experiments. It appears that a water molecule gives rise to dipolar cross-relaxation with the amide protons of Gly74 and Ile75, with a residence time longer than 0.4 ns, to account for a negative NOE. Such water molecule is present in both the oxidized and reduced species and in the X-ray structure. It appears to have a structural role. Other possible roles are discussed by comparison with the water molecules present in other c-type cytochromes. The amide proton of Cys35 is found to exchange rapidly with the solvent in the oxidized but not in the reduced protein, at variance with H/D exchange experiments, which probe a different time scale. The present data confirm that electron-transfer proteins evolved to minimize reorganization energy upon change of the oxidation state, even though the consequent variation of charge of the metal ion may induce some changes in the structure and/or dynamics of the protein.


An effective content-based visual image retrieval system is presented. This system consists of two main components: visual content extraction and indexing, and query engine. Each image in the image database is represented by its visual features: color and spatial information. The system uses a color label histogram with only thirteen bins to extract the color information from an image in the image database. A unique unsupervised segmentation algorithm combined with the wavelet technique generates the spatial feature of an image automatically. The resulting feature vectors are relatively low in dimensions compared to those in other systems. The query engine employs a color filter and a spatial filter to dramatically reduce the search range. As a result, queue processing is speeded up. The experimental results demonstrate that our system is capable of retrieving images that belong to the same category.


Public investment is key to growth in developing oil-exporting countries and oil revenue is an important source of finance for public investment. Assessing the growth impact of public investment in Iran under various investment scaling-up (gradual, aggressive, and conservative) and oil price (baseline and adverse) scenarios, this paper shows that because of absorptive capacity constraint and investment inefficiency the growth outcome of an aggressive investment scaling-up is not significantly different from a conservative or a gradual scenario while its costs, in terms of fiscal adjustment, are significantly higher, especially during low oil price periods. An improvement in investment efficiency has a significant positive impact on growth outcome and leads to higher private consumption and investment. Using an oil fund, on the other hand, can help contain the size of fiscal adjustments, although it would result in a larger appreciation of real exchange rate and deterioration in the current account balance.


: Building on Christopher Peacocke's account of analog perceptual content and my own account of analog perceptual vehicles, I defend three claims: that the perception of magnitudes often has analog contents; that the perception of magnitudes often has analog vehicles; and that the first claim is true in virtue of the second—that is, the analog vehicles help to ground the analog contents.


These schedules indicate the recommended age groups and medical indications for which administration of currently licensed vaccines is commonly indicated for adults ages 19 years and older, as of January 1, 2010. Licensed combination vaccines may be used whenever any components of the combination are indicated and when the vaccine's other components are not contraindicated. For detailed recommendations on all vaccines, including those used primarily for travelers or that are issued during the year, consult the manufacturers' package inserts and the complete statements from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/acip-list.htm).


Hemidiscus cuneiformis, type of the family Hemidiscaceae, is a diatom with a distinctive semi-circular shape in valve view. A strain of H. cuneiformis was established from the coastal region of the tropical southwestern Atlantic Ocean off Brazil. Cells of this strain showed semi-circular to asymmetrically elliptical valves, indicating morphological plasticity. In the small subunit (SSU) rDNA phylogeny, the type species of Hemidiscus branched between two clades of Actinocyclus, one of which was a sister group, the other in a basal position. Beyond cell shape, there are no significant morphological differences between Hemidiscus and Actinocyclus. We propose the transfer of H. cuneiformis and H. kanayanus into Actinocyclus. The family Hemidiscaceae remains for the genus Actinocyclus.


The new molecular genetic methods have generated dynamic changes in the field of schizophrenia research in the last decade. There is increasing knowledge about potential genetic variants affecting the phenotype in terms of response to antipsychotic therapy. It is known that polymorphisms of genes encoding proteins that participate in the metabolism of neuroleptics, alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In addition, experience has been emerging about receptor polymorphisms that may play substantial role in the etiology and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. These data throw new light upon issue of therapy resistance in schizophrenia. Authors review the literature about polymorphisms of neurotransmitter systems relevant to schizophrenia, and its associations with the response to typical and atypical antipsychotic treatments. They outline the trends of pharmacogenomics and its perspectives in the research of new treatment possibilities in schizophrenia.


Deep learning models can be applied successfully in real-work problems; however, training most of these models requires massive data. Recent methods use language and vision, but unfortunately, they rely on datasets that are not usually publicly available. Here we pave the way for further research in the multimodal language-vision domain for radiology. In this paper, we train a representation learning method that uses local and global representations of the language and vision through an attention mechanism and based on the publicly available Indiana University Radiology Report (IU-RR) dataset. Furthermore, we use the learned representations to diagnose five lung pathologies: atelectasis, cardiomegaly, edema, pleural effusion, and consolidation. Finally, we use both supervised and zero-shot classifications to extensively analyze the performance of the representation learning on the IU-RR dataset. Average Area Under the Curve (AUC) is used to evaluate the accuracy of the classifiers for classifying the five lung pathologies. The average AUC for classifying the five lung pathologies on the IU-RR test set ranged from 0.85 to 0.87 using the different training datasets, namely CheXpert and CheXphoto. These results compare favorably to other studies using UI-RR. Extensive experiments confirm consistent results for classifying lung pathologies using the multimodal global local representations of language and vision information.


I found sulfo disaccharides which co-working with Klotho. The disaccharides have glucosamine structure and similar structure with hyalunoic acid and chondroitin. Relations of the disaccharide, Klotho, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, glucosamine with health and anti-ageing were discussed. Klotho makes disaccharide from glucosamin and glucuronic acid and co-works on site with produced disaccharide and gives stable Ca homeostasis and consequent health, anti-aging and long life.


BACKGROUND
Changing health care systems depend on strong organizational leadership that realizes the collaborative potential of both physician and nonphysician leaders.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to seek insight into the everyday health care leader experience by examining 24 physician and nonphysician leaders working in the U.K. National Health Service. We explored (a) how they make sense of and act with respect to specific collaborative tensions in their interactions and (b) which aspects of their everyday leadership contexts heighten the probability for producing and resolving such tensions.

METHODOLOGY
We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with physician and nonphysician leaders in job titles including Chief Operating Officer, Managing Director, Medical Director, and Clinical Director. Ideas from the social psychological perspectives of sensemaking, organizational role theory, and organizational citizenship behavior helped frame the study.

RESULTS
We identified four areas of ongoing tension between senior leaders. Each of these was linked to a set of underlying drivers, with the strongest support for drivers with interpersonal roots. Effective strategies for resolving tensions involved significant effort by leaders at improving the interpersonal dynamics associated with everyday interaction and forging relational connections through enhanced trust within the leadership team.

CONCLUSION
This study outlines the organizational and individual characteristics that lend to effective collaboration among senior health care leadership and the types of collaborative tensions likely to be experienced by senior health care leaders.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Organizations should provide greater role clarity for senior leadership roles, promote "soft" interpersonal competencies within them, and better assess potential leaders for success in senior roles. Organizational support in the form of facilitation, time, and spaces to learn together can provide a better context for collaborative decision-making.


Behavioral synthesis involves compiling an Electronic System-Level (ESL) design into its Register-Transfer Level (RTL) implementation. Loop pipelining is one of the most critical and complex transformations employed in behavioral synthesis. Certifying the loop pipelining algorithm is challenging because there is a huge semantic gap between the input sequential design and the output pipelined implementation making it infeasible to verify their equivalence with automated sequential equivalence checking techniques. We discuss our ongoing effort using ACL2 to certify loop pipelining transformation. The completion of the proof is work in progress. However, some of the insights developed so far may already be of value to the ACL2 community. In particular, we discuss the key invariant we formalized, which is very different from that used in most pipeline proofs. We discuss the needs for this invariant, its formalization in ACL2, and our envisioned proof using the invariant. We also discuss some trade-offs, challenges, and insights developed in course of the project.