This thesis focuses on developing decoding techniques for complex Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The goal of decoding is to find an optimal or near optimal solution given a model that defines the goodness of a candidate. The task is challenging because in a typical problem the search space is large, and the dependencies between elements of the solution are complex. The goal of this work is two-fold. First, we are interested in developing decoding techniques with strong theoretical guarantees. We develop a decoding model based on the Integer Linear Programming paradigm which is guaranteed to compute the optimal solution and is capable of accounting for a wide range of global constraints. As an alternative, we also present a novel randomized algorithm which can guarantee an arbitrarily high probability of finding the optimal solution. We apply these methods to the task of constructing temporal graphs and to the task of title generation. Second, we are interested in carefully investigating the relations between learning and decoding. We build on the Perceptron framework to integrate the learning and decoding procedures into a single unified process. We use the resulting model to automatically generate tables-of-contents, structures with deep hierarchies and rich contextual dependencies. In all three natural language tasks, our experimental results demonstrate that theoretically grounded and stronger decoding strategies perform better than existing methods. As a final contribution, we have made the source code for these algorithms publicly available for the NLP research community. Thesis Supervisor: Regina Barzilay Title: Assistant Professor


The photoreactivity of chlorothalonil was studied by means of steady-state irradiation and laser-flash photolysis. Experiments were conducted in water containing acetonitrile as a co-solvent. This fungicide undergoes very slow phototransformation in the first stages of the reaction, but the consumption profile is auto-accelerated. To understand the reaction mechanism, we undertook a detailed study of the rates, products and transient species. The rates and photoproduct distribution vary greatly with the oxygen concentration. Concerning the transient species, we measured the absorption of the triplet, its yield of formation, and its reactivity with oxygen in various water-acetonitrile mixtures and with isopropanol. The reduced radical, CTH˙, could be produced and its transient spectrum was recorded. Combining all the experimental data, it is hypothesized that in the first step of the reaction CT is excited to the triplet state. The triplet has several possible fates including reduction by organic constituents to form the radical which gives photoproducts. Another characteristic of the CT triplet is its capacity to generate singlet oxygen. The production of this species was measured by phosphorescence and compared to the percentage of the triplet trapped by oxygen in air-saturated solutions. The yield varies from 0.88 in pure acetonitrile to 0.48 in water-acetonitrile (95 : 5, v/v). Therefore, in surface waters, chlorothalonil is expected to sensitize the photooxidation of micropollutants, and to be competitively phototransformed through reaction with any H donor or electron donor water constituents.


Development of the rattan furniture industry today is quite fast although the amount of raw materials are decreasing, especially in commersial rattan commodities such as Manau,  Irit, Taman, Sega, etc. Their price is quite expensive too five species of rattan were used as research materials. There are Manau (Calamus mettanensis Becc), Toho (Calamus sp), Galang (Daemonorops verticilaris Griff Mart), Hijau (Calamus sp) and simpurut (Calamus panajuga Becc). For finishing materials, clear glass melamine (ML 131 and NC 141) were used in this research with three different immersion timer for 24 hours, 36 hours and 48 hours long. An immersion method without using any finishing materials was done as control materials. Result show that the average of volume expansion of rattan speseis using NC 141 are 1,56-3,16% in Marau; 1,36-2,91%; in Toho; 2,01-3,05% in Galang; 2,12-3,20% in Hijau and 1,90-2,14 in Simpurut. In the other hand, the average of volume expansion of rattan species using melamin ML 131 are 1,27-2,58% in Marau; 1,46-2,51% in Toho; 2,30-3,23% in galang; 1,10-2,79% in Hijau and 1,45-2,55% in Simpurut. In control materials the average of expantion volume in 5 species rattans is 2,53-3,99%. From those results, the best method was shown in using NC 141 which can prevent the volume expansion and give great influence in volume expansion value . Keywords : rattan, finishing material, melamine ML 131, melamine NC 141, volume expantion.


Central banks and governments all over the world are increasingly exploring digital versions of fiat money, known as retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs). Most initiatives rely on Distributed Ledger Technologies and are presented as alternatives to physical cash. Consequently, anonymity-related regulatory questions arise in terms of Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing compliance. Against this backdrop, this paper provides a techno-legal taxonomy of approaches to balance privacy and transparency in CBDCs without thwarting accountability, but it also underlines cross-sectoral impacts. The contribution heeds regulation-by-design as its core methodological foundation, with Privacy-Enhancing Technologies as the relevant use case. Thus, it highlights that not only technology aids legal purposes, but also that some regulatory requirements ought to be designed into technology for one to reach agreed-upon results and/or standards.


This article uses a discourse analytic method to explore how a sample of ex-smokers with smoking-related illness position themselves, and are positioned by, the language they use in their accounts of quitting. The article suggests that discursive constructions (having 'no choice' and getting 'another chance') used by the respondents position them in a way that constrains behaviour by closing down the option of smoking and/or opening up the possibility of change. In each telling, the respondents' (non-smoking) identities are confirmed anew and this affirmation may assist in sustaining the change and provide protection against relapse. Moreover, the article suggests that the development and exchange of these stories may contribute to the growth of shared beliefs about the experience of quitting, opening up the option of quitting for current smokers. In so doing, accounts of quitting provided by ex-smokers undermine or resist dominant social understandings that even among those highly motivated to stop smoking, quitting is a difficult, if not impossible, endeavour.


Now Education has flourished all over the world. To progress in every way Education does not make people upright, people in the present state of mind weak every moment. Everyone is looking forward to their benefits. In almost all organizations there is a lack of power because people want power. The power to get his property. In the religion The Lord, as the leader of his company, provided him with the principle of survival.So in order for all organizations to survive on a sustainable basis, I need to lead the principles. The main names of Benjasil and Benjaram come to the staff seriously from policy makers, executives, employees at all levels. When all levels of people practice seriously and fully. The organization does not suffer any recklessness. It will make the organization sustainable.


This is an essay on the concept of causality in economics, both in an ontological and in a gnoseological sense. That is both as a 'causa essendi' and as a 'causa cognoscendi'.


When a system is measured, its state is changed. A mathematical consequence of this statement is that scenarios in which a quantum system is measured repeatedly, or the same system is used to measure many others, require the use of Kraus's formalism. Three projects which fall into this category are discussed in this thesis. One is of foundational interest and two are more oriented towards experiment.

The first piece of work is an analysis of the uniqueness of each of Kraus's formulae for joint and conditional probabilities. Gleason, Busch and others were interested in whether the probability rules of quantum mechanics were constructed ad hoc or whether they had deeper significance. They showed that the Born rule was the only way of calculating quantum probabilities consistent with some basic assumptions about the nature of a physical theory. I extend this work to the sequential measurement case and show that no further assumptions are required for joint, over single, probabilities.

A mathematical technique, the use of operator space, from that work is then developed, in my second reported piece of work, for use as a tool in quantum cryptanalysis. I show that calculations of the best eavesdropping strategies for quantum key distribution protocols can be done in a straightforward manner. I rediscover optimal strategies for BB84 and B92, two of the most commonly discussed protocols, and report a new attack for PBC00.

Multiple-copy state discriminators look for methods of distinguishing states given a number of systems all in that state. An open question is whether a quantum memory, a device which interacts with other systems and does not decohere, aids this problem. In the third piece of work reported here, I compare the ability of two schemes, one which uses a quantum memory and one which does not, for performing multiple-copy state discrimination. One surprising result is that the scheme that uses quantum memory always performs worse than the one which does not. Another is that both schemes tend to the same limit in the case that the resource is an infinite number of copies. This suggests that a quantum memory may not be helpful.


Abstract : This thesis presents a new approach for a Navy unmanned undersea vehicle (UUV) to search for and detect an evading contact. This approach uses a contact position distribution from a generic particle filter to estimate the state of a single moving contact and to plan the path that minimizes the uncertainty in the location of the contact. The search algorithms introduced in this thesis will implement a motion planner that searches for a contact with the following information available to the decision system: (1) null measurement (i.e., contact not detected at current time), (2) timedated measurement (i.e., clue found at current time that indicates contact was at this location in the past), and (3) bearings measurement (i.e., angular measurement towards contact position detected at current time). The results of this thesis will be arrived at by evaluating the best methods to utilize the three types of information. The underlying distribution of the contact state space will be modeled using a generic particle filter, due to the highly non-Gaussian distributions that result from the conditions mentioned above. Using the particle filter distribution and the measurements acquired from the three conditions, this thesis will work towards implementing a path planning algorithm that creates dynamic action spaces that evaluate the uncertainty of position distribution. Ultimately, the path planner will choose the path that contains the position distribution and leads to sustained searches.


These studies indicate that the cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug metoprolol might be expected to be at least as effective for the treatment of arterial hypertension as propranolol. The difference in effect on the peripheral vascular bed may be of importance when acute increase of the blood adrenaline level occur, as in severe anxiety states. Experience in long-term studies in all kinds of patients with raised arterial pressure has confirmed that metoprolol is an active antihypertensive agent of similar potency to other beta-blocking agents.


Archaeological monitoring, undertaken as part of the upgrading of access tracks on Barningham Moor, identified a concentration of lithics within a thin palaeosol close to the scheduled Badger Way Stoop cairnfield. Due to the extent of this soil remnant, and its association with the cairnfield, which lies immediately to the south, 11 1 m by 1 m test-pits were hand-excavated along the development route to obtain a sample of the artefacts. Twenty-three lithic artefacts were recovered, five of which could be assigned to the Late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic periods. As a result, the assemblage predates the presumed age of the cairnfield, which is suggested to date to the Bronze Age, suggesting that the area may have been a focus for an extended period of prehistoric activity. Full reference: Robinson, G. & Foulds F.W.F. 2017. A Late Mesolithic or Early Neolithic findspot on Barningham Moor, County Durham, UK. Lithics: the Journal of the Lithic Studies Society 38: 32–39. Keywords: cairnfield, Mesolithic, Neolithic, flint, chert, quartzite


Empirical studies in labour economics often suffer from endogeneity problems. Employing exogenous variations in policies and natural shock, this thesis investigates three topics. The first two topics concern labour market phenomena in Thailand, whereas the third provides a case study of labour demand adjustment after an international
supply chain shock. Chapter 2 assesses the impact of minimum wage policy on wage inequality in Thailand.
The result is rather mixed. Although the minimum wage effectively reduces wage inequality among workers in formal sectors, it does not affect the wage distribution in the informal sector at all. The evidence suggests that such a result is mainly driven by weak law enforcement.
Meanwhile, using changes in compulsory schooling law, chapter 3 provides consistent estimates of the rates of return to education in Thailand. Based on the IV method,
only female employees experience a positive and significant return to (upper primary) education. Interestingly, the size and direction of bias of the estimator, especially for male sub-sample, are not consistent with the conventional result. The possible reasons underlying these findings are elaborated. Chapter 4 relies on a different type of shock. The Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami 2011 is treated as an external shock to the international supply chain of Auto industry. Then I estimate the impact of the supply chain disruption on labour inputs adjustment in the US auto industry. Despite the break down in supply chain of motor
vehicle parts and accessories among Japanese auto companies, these firms do not seem to reduce their labour inputs (used as a proxy for changes in production)
significantly except for a small drop in average monthly earnings of workers in Japanese assembly plants.
Also, their competitors make only slight adjustment to capitalize on the Japanese loss. Regarding other margins of adjustment, there is no evidence in support of the adjustment through import or price. Yet inventories and sales incentive appear to be major tools employed to mitigate either positive demand or negative supply shocks on both groups of companies.


PATIENTS AND RESULTS
One hundred and fifty-nine patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia have been treated in six studies during 10 years at Hannover Medical School University Center. The prognosis of 111 patients without pretreatment has been improved compared to conventional therapy with a median survival of 5.7 years. Cytogenetic remissions have been induced in all studies followed for a longer time. The most pronounced improvement of prognosis has been observed in these patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Several conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the results on the different treatment concepts: 1. Patients with pretreatment have an unfavourable response to interferon. 2. There is a likely effect of the dose of Interferon alpha on the frequency of cytogenetic remissions. 3. The combination of Interferon alpha and interferon gamma has been toxic and ineffective in a pilot study. 4. The combination of interferon and cytosine arabinoside has a positive impact on the frequency of cytogenetic remissions. A continuous parallel application of both drugs seems to be most effective in this respect. An ongoing trial has been initiated to compare a fixed combination of Interferon alpha and cytosine arabinoside and with hydroxyurea respectively. Additionally the feasibility of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation will be studied in patients with insufficient response to the interferon treatment.


Background: Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) have been used as a tool for poverty alleviation in many developing economies globally, including Malawi. However, their sustainability in many countries has been dependent solely on loan repayment, donor aid, and subsidies. Aim: This study aimed at investigating the factors that in�uence the sustainability of MFIs in Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020 among the MFIs employees in the central region of Malawi. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data online using a google form sent via social media platforms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software with Statistical signi�cance placed at .05. Results: 120 respondents completed the survey representing a 79.3% response rate, of which 63% were male. The majority of the respondents fell within the age group of 31-40 years, representing 58%, having attained universities and vocational colleges' education level, representing 32.8%. With an experience of above 16 years, representing 41.2% of which were branch managers, representing 49.6%. The results of the ordinary least square regression indicated that reporting and loan management system (RLMS) (β=0.200, P=0.021), corporate-governance (β=0.257, P=0.004), and commercialization (β=0.161, P=0.047) were positively signi�cantly in�uencing the sustainability of MFI. On the other hand, loan design/type (β =-0.211, P=0.006), loan portfolio management (β =-0.179, P=0.050) were found to be negatively impacting the MFI. Lastly, variables of over-indebtedness (B= 0.077, P=0.426), loan disbursement (β =0.121, P=0.104) were found statistically insigni�cant. Conclusion: Our study argues that commercialization, standardized reporting, and effective loan portfolio management systems, stakeholder-based approach to corporate governance, and favored board independence through scale and cost management is critical to improving MFIs' �nancial sustainability.


We use daily returns to compare the performance predictability of Bayesian estimates of mutual fund performance with standard frequentist measures. When the returns on passive nonbenchmark assets are correlated with fund holdings, incorporating histories of these returns produces a performance measure that predicts future performance better than standard measures do. Bayesian alphas based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are particularly useful for predicting future standard CAPM alphas. Over our sample period, priors consistent with moderate to diffuse beliefs in managerial skill dominate more skeptical prior beliefs, a result that is consistent with investor cash flows.


We report in this letter a rheo-optical study of the non-linear behaviour of a solution of worm-like micelles made of aqueous surfactant solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) with sodium salicylate (NaSal) and sodium chloride (NaCl) salts. The rheological data show an asymptotic behaviour of the stress with the shear rate. This result is confirmed by the flow birefringence measurements where the birefringence intensity and the extinction angle are found to follow the same behaviour. These results, supported by an optical visualization of two phases in the plane of flow, corroborate the shear banding flow predicted by the non-linear rheology model.


The class of probability distributions possessing the almost-lack-of-memory property appeared about 20 years ago. It reasonably took place in research and modeling, due to its suitability to represent uncertainty in periodic random environment. Multivariate version of the almost-lack-of-memory property is less known, but it is not less interesting. In this paper we give the copula of the bivariate almost-lack-of-memory (BALM) distributions and discuss some of its properties and applications. An example shows how the Marshal-Olkin distribution can be turned into BALM and what is its copula.


Ideally, Web site usability should take place during the design phase of Web sites, but when this is not feasible, the combination of content analysis in conjunction with established Web design heuristics can indicate problem areas for usability testing and remediation. This study evaluated the usability of navigation, information display, comprehensibility, and accessibility elements of passenger preparedness information on 214 U.S. commercial service airport Web sites using content analysis techniques based on published Web design heuristics. Lessons learned provide recommendations for other content analysis research based on Web design heuristics.


PURPOSE
The capacity of the lung to clear edema fluid has been shown to be one of the factors that can influence the prognosis of cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Active Na+ transport across the alveolar epithelium is the main driving force involved in this physiological process. Since endogenous catecholamines are known to activate the sodium-dependent mechanism of alveolar edema clearance, the objective of the present study was to explore if adrenalectomy, which prevents the release of endogenous catecholamines and other hormones, such as corticosterone, into circulation, would affect edema resolution in a model of lung injury induced by thiourea.

METHODS
A high-permeability pulmonary edema was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using a thiourea-induced pulmonary edema model. To determine if the release of adrenalin and corticosterone is essential for resolution of the thiourea-induced edema, we measured 1) the release of adrenalin and corticosterone in urine and 2) edema resolution in control animals and adrenalectomized animals.

RESULTS
The administration of thiourea significantly increased the wet-to-dry ratio after four and eight hours. After 12 and 24 hours, the wet-to-dry ratio gradually returned to baseline. Although thiourea-induced pulmonary edema was associated with a significant increase in urine adrenalin and corticosterone, the absence of adrenalin and corticosterone response in adrenalectomized animals did not prevent the resolution of the edema.

CONCLUSIONS
These experiments demonstrated that resolution of thioureainduced pulmonary edema can occur in the absence of hormonal secretion by the adrenal glands.


The invention relates to a windscreen wiper device (24), in particular for a motor vehicle, wherein the windscreen wiper device (24) has at least one driving device (22) which can be controlled via a control device (20), characterized in that the control device (20) controls the power requirement of the windscreen wiper device (24) as a function of at least one or more parameters (16, 18) which have an influence on the power requirement of the particular driving device (22) of the windscreen wiper device (20), the parameters including at least the driving speed and/or the state of the windscreen.


The energy levels of 71Li 73 have been studied from the electron-capture decay of 24.0-hour Hf 173 , by means of high-resolution permanent-field electron spectrographs with and without pre-acceleration", a double-focusing spectrometer, scintillation spectrometers, and gamma-gamma coincidence techniques. Properties ofthe levels are discussed in terms of the unified model of Bohr and Mottelson and the single-particle model of Nilsson appropriate for spheroidally-deformed nuclei. The following intrinsic states are identified in Lu173 : 7/2 + [ 1 04], ground; 1/2 - 1 1 11, .128.2 key; 5/2 + [102], 356.8 key; and 1/2 + [111], 1 25.0 key. The ground state of Hf 173 has the configuration 1/2 - [521]. The 1/2 - [5 1 1] orbital of Lu173 is interesting in that it originates from the h 12 proton state beyond the 82-proton shell and also in the fact of its high decoupling parameter (a = 4.2) which causes the I = 5/2 rotational state to be found below the I = 1/2 fundamental state. Ml and E2 relative transition probabilities within the 1/2 - [541] band are discussed, and the theoretical parameter bMl, upon which the Ml transition probability in aK = 1/2 band depends, is estimated both from the experimental results and from the Nilsson wave-functions. Log ft values of the Hf 173 decay. a±ealso discussed. /


An important subset of the literature on agglomeration externalities hypothesizes that intrasectoral and intersectoral relations are endogenously determined in models of local and regional economic growth. Remarkably, structural adjustment models describing the spatio-temporal dynamics of population and employment levels or growth traditionally do not include intersectoral economic dynamics. This paper argues and shows that allowing for economic linkages across sectors in these models adds considerable value, especially in forecasting. An econometric model of population{employment dynamics in which sectoral variations in economic development are explicitly taken into account is applied to a large urban planning policy proposal in The Netherlands. The empirical analyses suggest that population dynamics are largely exogenous, population changes drive employment in particular in the industry and retail sectors, and employment in all sectors depends strongly on intersectoral dynamics. Intersectoral dynamics appear as important drivers of regional sectoral employment changes; they are even more important than population changes, and their eect shows up clearly even within the Dutch institutional context where strict regulatory housing and planning restrictions are enforced.


This paper presents NomLex-PT, a lexical resource describing Portuguese nominalizations. NomLex-PT connects verbs to their nominalizations, thereby enabling NLP systems to observe the potential semantic relationships between the two words when analysing a text. NomLex-PT is freely available and encoded in RDF for easy integration with other resources. Most notably, we have integrated NomLex-PT with OpenWordNet-PT, an open Portuguese Wordnet.


This paper looks at the professional alternatives that Buddhism offered to women by analysing the important role played by a female master in the as yet little studied Dhūta movement, a form of 'heretical' Chan Buddhism that flourished during the final years of the Jin dynasty and afterwards in the Yuan dynasty. By examining the descriptions of female master Jizhao and male master Puguang, as seen in epitaphs composed by officers-literati and preserved in a Bejing gazetteer dating back to the mid-fourteenth century, this paper aims to highlight some features of the Dhūtaists' discourse of femininity and also to point out the differences vis-à-vis orthodox Chan constructs, in order finally to evaluate whether such a discourse could have an influence on the general definitions and content of gender roles.


Recently, in the field of renewable energy such as solar cells including the semiconductor and display industries, thin film deposition process is being diversified. Furthermore, to deal with trend of making high-quality and fast, the high-capacity and output plasma power supply which can control high density plasma is required. The biggest problem is arc discharge caused by using high voltage power supply. Thus, the key function of plasma power supply is to prevent arc discharge and there is a need to maintain the possible minimum arc energy. In DC sputtering power supply, on a periodic basis (-)voltage powering up is able to significantly reduce arcing, as well as arc discharge prevention, and maintaining uniform charge density. This conventional method for powering up (-)voltage requires heavy mutual inductance of the transformer to avoid distortion problem of the output voltage. This study is about energy recovery circuit for arc discharge prevention in sputtering plasma power supply. By using energy recovery circuit, it is possible to reduce the mutual inductance and size of the transformer dramatically, prevent distortion of the output voltage and has a stable output waveform. This work was proved through simulation and experimental study.


Abstract Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is believed to be protective against coronary heart disease (CHD). HDL is comprised of different subfractions. Of these, HDL 2b is believed to be the most important in preventing CHD. Current methods for HDL subfraction measurements are not standardized and often exhibit poor analytical performance, which can limit their usefulness in clinical practice. Methods: We have developed a microfluidic Lab-on-Chip electrophoresis system for serum HDL subfraction measurements. Linear polymers are used as a sieving buffer for HDL particle separation. Nine samples and two controls can be analyzed in 30 min. The percent HDL 2b that comprises total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is reported. Results: Samples with HDL-C of 0.259–2.072 mmol/L could be evaluated for percent HDL 2b with coefficient of variations (%CVs) below 8%. Total precision was typically below 1.5% and linearity was observed between 8% and 32% HDL 2b. Measurements were not affected by many therapeutic and biological compounds. Consistent results were obtained by three laboratories and showed r2 values between 0.93 and 0.95. Conclusions: The assay allows for easy and reproducible measurement of percent HDL 2b. The experimental procedure and small size of the instrumentation needed for measurement make it viable in clinical settings. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:883–9.


ABSTRACT Understory vegetation, dominated by dwarf bamboo (Sasa spp.) in Japan, has been damaged by an overabundance of deer. Declining Sasa density may induce a decrease in litter decomposition due to the changes in soil environments. The effect of the environmental changes may also differ among litter from differenttree species. The objective of this study was to examine effects of declining Sasa density on litter decomposition in a cool-temperate mixed forest, with a focus on the effects of environmental factors and soil mesofauna on different litter species. The decomposition of three litter species was evaluated using litter bags with two different mesh sizes to consider different litter decomposability and control the accessibility of soil mesofauna. With decreasing Sasa density, soil water content increased whereas the number of soil mesofauna decreased. Litter mass loss decreased with declining Sasa density. Soil water content was negatively correlated with litter mass loss in the smaller mesh. Additionally, negative effects of Sasa degradation on litter decomposition did not change with litter species, but these effects changed among mesh sizes, suggesting that the effects of the decomposer community on litter decomposition changed with environmental conditions induced bySasadegradation. Complex interaction between decomposer communities and local environmental factors should be studied in further studies with longer periods over a wide range of areas.


Pancreatic pseudocysts are a common complication of pancreatitis. However, mediastinal extension of a pseudocyst is rare and often presents with atypical symptoms. We present a case of mediastinal extension of a pancreatic pseudocyst in a 56-year-old woman with a history of alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis, who presented with acute on chronic epigastric abdominal pain and atypical chest pain. Serum lipase was elevated, and imaging by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a paraesophageal fluid collection. This collection was continuous with a peripancreatic pseudocyst and extended into the posterior mediastinum via the esophageal hiatus. Mediastinal extension of a pancreatic pseudocyst was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient was managed conservatively in the hospital with parenteral nutrition therapy, pain control, and close imaging observation. The patient was discharged home to continue conservative management and close imaging follow-up. An initial follow-up CT examination 8 weeks after discharge revealed interval decrease in the posterior mediastinal collection but also interval development of loculated left pleural and pericardial effusions.


Nanometer size oxide particles in 9Cr-ODS steel are dispersed finely and densely in a matrix by the hot-solidification process. The size and density distribution of dispersed oxide particles is recognized as one of the main issues for ensuring good microstructural stability and high temperature strength in a high temperature (<700°C) and neutron irradiation (250 dpa) environment. However, the behavior of oxide particles in the hot-solidification process has not been determined yet. This study evaluated the correlation between nano-size oxide particles and the heat treatment temperature and time in order to characterize the mechanism of formation and the behavior during growth and coalescence of these particles in 9Cr-ODS steel raw powder. XRD and SAXS measurements were made using high-energy synchrotron radiation X-rays in SPring-8. This is the first report of the oxide complex particles (Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Y 2 TiO 5 ) being formed from 800 to 960°C, and they were observed to grow and coalesce on increasing both heat-treatment temperature and time.


The present study describes the fabrication of molecularly imprinted (MI) magnetic beaded fibers using electrospinning. Rosmarinic acid was selected as exemplary yet relevant template during molecular imprinting. A "design of experiments" methodology was used for optimizing the electrospinning process. Four factors, i.e., the concentration of the biodegradable polymer (polycaprolactone), the applied voltage, the flow rate, and the collector distance were varied in a central composite design. The production process was then optimized according to the suitability of the beaded fibers during microrobot fabrication, actuation, and drug release. The optimum average fiber diameter of MI beaded fibers was determined at 857 ± 390 nm with an average number of beads at 0.011 ± 0.002 per µm2. In vitro release profiles of the optimized MI beaded fibers revealed a lower burst rate and a more sustained release when compared to control fibers. Magnetic control of the MI beaded fibers was successfully tested by following selected waypoints along a star-shaped predefined trajectory. This study innovatively combines molecular imprinting technology with magnetic microrobots enabling targeted drug delivery systems that offer precise motion control via the magnetic response of microrobots along with selective uptake of a drug into the microrobot using MI beaded fibers in future.


Objective: The present study aims to investigate the effects of Lithium (Li) on manic- and depressive-like behaviors and inflammatory parameters in rats submitted to the bipolar disorder (BD) model induced by ouabain (OUA). Material and methods: Adult male rats received a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of OUA or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). On the fourth day after the ICV injection, the rats received intraperitoneal injections of saline (NaCl 0.9%) or Li (47.5 mg/kg), two times a day, for 14 days. On the seventh day after OUA injection, the locomotor activity was assessed (open field test), and on the fourteenth day, locomotion was evaluated again, which was followed by the forced swimming test to evaluate depressive-like behavior. After euthanasia, inflammatory parameters were evaluated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Results: After seven days of OUA administration, the animals showed a hyperactive behavior that was reversed by treatment with Li. After 14 days of ICV injections, rats exhibited a depressive behavior. Regarding the inflammatory parameters, measured after 14 days of the ICV infusions, OAU induced an increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1. In contrast, Li treatment decreased these parameters. Conclusion: The animal model of BD induced by an OUA is able to induce neuroinflammation, which supports its construct validity for the BD research.


Considering that the Philippines is archipelagic in nature and is exposed to disasters accentuated by climate change, water resource monitoring and management has been an important concern in the country. The design and implementation of an effective management scheme relies heavily on accurate, complete, and updated water resource inventories, usually in the form of maps and geodatabases. With the aim of developing a detailed and comprehensive database of all water resources in the Philippines, a 3-year project entitled "Development of the Philippine Hydrologic Dataset (PHD) for Watersheds from LiDAR Surveys", has been initiated by the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD) and the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Various workflows has been developed to extract inland hydrologic features in the Philippines using accurate Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and LiDAR point cloud data obtained through other government-funded programs, supplemented with other remotely-sensed imageries and ancillary information. Since the project covers national-scale mapping and inventory, the implementation was structured to be a collaborative effort between fifteen (15) State Universities/Colleges (SUCs) and Higher Education Institutes (HEIs), along with multiple National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Government Units (LGUs). This paper presents the project's general structure, focusing mainly on its attempts and accomplishments in strengthening individual capacities of all involved SUCs, HEIs, and stakeholders utilizing hydrologic data for different applications.


This is a well written, beautifully illustrated book. The author is obviously knowledgeable about and interested in his subject. The intended audience for this book originally appears to have been individuals interested in the sport of combat handgun shooting. In writing the book, however, the author has produced a textbook on combat handgunning which should be of interest to law-enforcement agencies as well as individual police officers. This book can assist such agencies in firearm training as well as in making decisions as to choice of suitable weapons and ammunition. The book should be required reading for all firearms instructors, if not for all police officers. In short, I highly recommend this book.


― Pandiculation within spiders has only recently been discovered - the first record of this habit among Protostomia – and it has only been demonstrat-ed in one species ( Cyclosa argenteoalba ). We report here four further araneoid species i.e. Argiope bruennichi , Cyrtophora ikomosanensis , Trichonephila clavata (all Araneidae), and Nihonhimea japonica (Theridiidae) exhibiting pandiculation in or on their own webs. These records suggest that pandiculation is widely distributed at least among the superfamily Araneoidea, members of which generally construct aerial webs and wait in ambush for a long period.


In this paper we consider an application of the recently proposed quantum hashing technique for computing Boolean functions in the quantum communication model. The combination of binary functions on non-binary quantum hash function is done via polynomial presentation, which we have called a characteristic of a Boolean function. Based on the characteristic polynomial presentation of Boolean functions and quantum hashing technique we present a method for computing Boolean functions in the quantum one-way communication model, where one of the parties performs his computations and sends a message to the other party, who must output the result after his part of computations. Some of the results are also true in a more restricted Simultaneous Message Passing model with no shared resources, in which communicating parties can interact only via the referee. We give several examples of Boolean functions whose polynomial presentations have specific properties allowing for construction of quantum communication protocols that are provably exponentially better than classical ones in the simultaneous message passing setting.


In order to confer hydrophobicity, higher mechanical and thermal properties, jute fiber has been chemically modified by means of NaClO2 bleaching, acrylonitrile (AN) grafting and diphenylmethanediisocyanate (DPMIC) treatment. The extent of modification reaction is evaluated by FTIR measurement. Morphologies and crystalline index of jute fibers are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide angle X-ray diffractometer (WAXD). A significant variation in fibre surface occurred by chemical treatments is clearly observed in SEM images. It has been found that tensile properties (tensile strength, extension at break and Young's modulus) are substantial improved by AN-grafting and DPMIC treatment. Based on findings of hydrophobicity, the DPMIC treated fiber has been showed better properties than other fibers. Chemical treatment also increases the thermal stability. The TG and DTA curves show two-stages of decomposition for all the fibres; first below 100°C indicating the moisture loss and the second between 320°C and 360°C due to major degradation of fibre.


The antigen Atri can be detected on the lymphocytes of 5.19% of ABH Secretor A individuals. The Atri substance is present in the plasma of the same individuals and can be fixed on group O erythrocytes. It is also found in the saliva of 30/32 A individuals not secreting substance A. Its existence in the saliva of A Secretor individuals, however, cannot be proved due to the presence of both the A and Atri antigens. The Atri substance is neutralized by the soluble substance A extracted from the gastric mucous of a pig. Yet the A and Atri antigens can be shown to be distinct on lymphocytes by redistribution of the corresponding sites and blocking of the A sites by an immune anti-A. On a genetic level, the Atri specificity might belong to a lymphocyte system comprising three alleles: Atri, RB and W100. These three specificities have the common characteristic of being expressed on a certain percentage of the lymphocytes of group A individuals. This system, provisionally named Atri, is functionally associated with the ABO system and secretor system. Nevertheless, the fact that in several families the Atri antigen is not expressed by the parents shows that its expression on lymphocytes requires the intervention of at least one gene in addition to the A and Se genes.


The development of a European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI) is a high priority of EuroGeoSurveys (the Association of the European Geological Surveys) as one of the instruments for providing a " European Geological Service " through a joint effort of the national geological surveys. EGDI, which has been has been described in a scoping study, funded by the European Commission through the FP7 project EGDI-Scope (http://www.egdi-scope.eu/), is now becoming a reality. The first version of a web-portal has been launched in June, giving access to a number of pan-European geological data sets created during previous data harmonization projects as well as to a very large number of national data sets from the European Geological Surveys. This Infrastructure will enable European Geological Surveys to serve and maintain INSPIRE-compliant, interoperable geological data and information reflecting our understanding of the subsurface. This first implementation is a basic starting point comprising a number of key datasets, but over the time EGDI will develop to become the central junction for all relevant pan-European interoperable, harmonised geological information aimed at stakeholders from policy, industry and the general public. Subsequent extensions of the EGDI will be based on results from past, current and future EU-projects. EGDI will give access to data sets produced and maintained by geological surveys and other institutions that produce similar data. EGDI targets a wide range of public and private users who need reliable information about the subsurface at a European scale to address the major social and economic challenges that Europe is facing, such as reliable water, energy and mineral resources supply, mitigation of natural hazards, etc. EGDI will also be the gateway to provide geological data to EPOS (European Plate Observing System), thereby contributing to reinforcement of geoscientific knowledge for solid earth science research.


The purpose of this paper is to study the perceptions of gender relations among Syrian refugees as presented by employees of selected local NGOs in Lebanon. These NGOs form part of a civil society undergoing changes since the refugee crisis of the Syrian war, and now collaborating with Syrian NGOs, and engaging Syrian refugees in humanitarian projects. Their participation in humanitarian response occurs in Lebanon in several contexts, ranging from handicraft workshops to neighborhood committees, civil society activism and business initiation. Gender relations among Syrians are presented by such NGOs as more patriarchal and harmful for women, but Syrian activists in Lebanon contest this indictment. Nevertheless, these conceptions become a pretext for the approach that refugee women are more vulnerable not only due to the war, but also due to their relations to Syrian men. The paper forms part of a study, which asks what consequences the engagement of Syrian refugees in humanitarian work may have for citizenship transformation– with particular urgency and value for women who are denied equal citizenship with men.


"Active health" has been emphasized in "Healthy China 2030" in dealing with the challenges of population aging, so the anti-aging strategies are requires to be more precise and effective at both individual and population levels. Aging is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In the recent 20 years, the research of genetics of human ageing has been greatly facilitated owning to the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, statistical methodology for multi-omics data, as well as the growing qualified evidence of large-scale population-based genomic research. This paper provides a review of genome-wide association research of aging.


Social Media (SM) has shown that we adapt our communication and disclosure behaviors to available technological opportunities. Head-mounted Augmented Reality (AR) will soon allow to effortlessly display the information we disclosed not isolated from our physical presence (e.g., on a smartphone) but visually attached to the human body. In this work, we explore how the medium (AR vs. Smartphone), our role (being augmented vs. augmenting), and characteristics of information types (e.g., level of intimacy, self-disclosed vs. non-self-disclosed) impact the users' comfort when displaying personal information. Conducting an online survey (N=148), we found that AR technology and being augmented negatively impacted this comfort. Additionally, we report that AR mitigated the effects of information characteristics compared to those they had on smartphones. In light of our results, we discuss that information augmentation should be built on consent and openness, focusing more on the comfort of the augmented rather than the technological possibilities.


In the last few years important research developments have clarified the molecular biology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and clinical features of five distinct hepatotropic viruses, that is A, B, C, D, and E. Vaccines giving active protective immunity are now available for hepatitis A and B infection, the most frequently identified causes of hepatitis in children. The emergence of hepatitis B mutants in some patients with a good antibody response to the present vaccines is a cause for concern. Prolonged treatment with parenteral interferon reduces the rate of replication of hepatitis B and C, enhances the immune response, and improves the liver function tests in a proportion of chronically infected children. This review summarises clinically significant developments in paediatric aspects of these five forms of viral hepatitis. Typical cases of type A and E hepatitis are characterised during the preicteric phase by non-specific symptoms of anorexia, nausea/ vomiting, lassitude, fever, and sometimes intermittent dull abdominal pain in the epigastrium or right hypochondrium. There may be tender hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymph node enlargement. These symptoms often regress during the icteric phase when bilirubinuria, pale/clay coloured stools, and jaundice appear. In older children, as in adults, a recurrence of the original symptoms may occur with type A hepatitis, with in some cases, pruritus and depression, and jaundice persisting for a variable period. In anicteric hepatitis B, C, and D systemic symptoms are less frequent. A firm or hard non-tender hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and cutaneous features of spider naevi, cutaneous shunt, or palmar erythema suggest chronic liver disease. In all forms of acute hepatitis, the serum transaminase levels are raised, whereas these maybe normal in those with chronic disease. A prolonged prothrombin time should raise suspicion of severe hepatic necrosis or decompensation of an underlying liver disease.


Chondrocytes are the only cells in cartilage, and their death by apoptosis contributes to cartilage loss in inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A putative therapeutic intervention for RA is the inhibition of apoptosis-mediated cartilage degradation. The hormone prolactin (PRL) frequently increases in the circulation of patients with RA, but the role of hyperprolactinemia in disease activity is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PRL inhibits the apoptosis of cultured chondrocytes in response to a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) by preventing the induction of p53 and decreasing the BAX/BCL-2 ratio through a NO-independent, JAK2/STAT3-dependent pathway. Local treatment with PRL or increasing PRL circulating levels also prevented chondrocyte apoptosis evoked by injecting cytokines into the knee joints of rats, whereas the proapoptotic effect of cytokines was enhanced in PRL receptor-null (Prlr(-/-)) mice. Moreover, eliciting hyperprolactinemia in rats before or after inducing the adjuvant model of inflammatory arthritis reduced chondrocyte apoptosis, proinflammatory cytokine expression, pannus formation, bone erosion, joint swelling, and pain. These results reveal the protective effect of PRL against inflammation-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and the therapeutic potential of hyperprolactinemia to reduce permanent joint damage and inflammation in RA.


textabstractIn mammals the testis, the site of male germ cell development, can be
divided morphologically in two cellular compartments, viz. the seminiferous
tubules and the interstitial tiSsue between the tubules. The seminiferous
tubules contain developing germ cells and Sertoli cells and are surrounded
by a boundary layer of myoid cells. The interstitial tissue contains Leydig
cells, blood.and lymph vessels, nerves and fibroblasts. In intact animals
transfer between the two compartments is restricted (Setchell & Waites,
1975). A harrier to substances of widely varying molecular size is formed,
because the Sertoli cells which line the seminiferous tubules are closely
connected by elaborate tight junctions between the basal parts of the cells
(blood-testis harrier). Insome species a second, less effective harrier is
formed by myoid cells which surround the seminiferous tubules (Fawcett,
1975) (Figure I. 1).
Development of gerrn cells starts with the spermatogonial stem cells
which are located at the basis of the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous
tubules but outside the blood-testis barrier (basal compartment). After
several mitotic divisions of the spermatogonia, preleptotene spermatocytes
develop which synthesize DNA) so that they finally contain twice the
amount of DNA present in non-dividing somatic cells. In the propbase following
the preleptotene stage, rearrangement of the chromosomal material
takes place as a preparatien for the first meiotic division. The meiotic
propbase is subdivided in the leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene.
During the leptotene and zygotene tight junctions are formed between
the Sertoli cells at the basal side of the germ cells and subsequently the
tight junctions at the luminal side are dissolved (Russell, 1980). In this
way the germ cells are transported through the blood-testis harrier to the
lumen of the seminiferous tubules (adluminal compartment) without disruption
of the blood-testis harrier. The propbase is foliowed by the first meiotic
di vis ion, and the generated secondary spermatocytes_ go quickly through
the Second meiotic division, without synthesis of DNA.


Split sleeve cold expansion is one of the most widely used methods in the aerospace industry to enhance the fatigue performance of fastener holes in airframe structures. The initial motivation, which led to this research programme, was to develop an understanding of the behaviour of fatigue cracks emanating from cold-expanded holes, with a particular emphasis on the influence of these cracks on the surrounding compressive residual stresses. There are two strands of the research presented in this thesis: first being related to the study of hole deformation resulting from split sleeve cold expansion; and the second one focused on the fatigue behaviour of cracks emanating from cold-expanded holes. The strain fields developed from cold expansion were measured using stereoscopic digital image correlation (DIC) technique in aluminium specimens of two different thicknesses giving thickness to hole diameter ratio of 0.25 and 1. The capability of DIC in providing full-field strain data was exploited to determine the shape and size of the plastic zones developed from cold expansion. The results showed that the existing split sleeve cold expansion process is not as effective in creating an axisymmetric compressive residual elastic stress zone around the fastener holes in thin as it is in the thick specimens. The thin specimens used in this investigation were equivalent in thickness to sheet material commonly used in an aircraft fuselage or wing skins and the results indicate that there is a need to review the use of cold expansion process using a split sleeve and mandrel for holes in thin sheets. A simple approach utilising DIC was presented to analyse the strain fields resulting from cold expansion in stacked specimens. The results showed that stacking offers some improvement in the cold expansion of thin sheet components. They also demonstrated the workability of this approach which can be applied effectively to analyse cold expansion of fastener holes associated with a real joint configuration in an airframe. The propagation of fatigue cracks initiating from the cold-expanded holes was investigated by employing the thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) technique and their influence on the surrounding residual stresses was determined using synchrotron x-ray diffraction (SXRD) technique. A long-standing ambiguity in the literature regarding the potential relaxation of beneficial compressive residual stresses, as a result of fatigue crack propagation, was addressed; and it was established, from TSA and SXRD results, that the formation or propagation of a fatigue crack does not cause any significant relaxation of these residual stresses. The results also clearly identify the loading conditions under which the residual stresses are expected to relax. This information is important in improving the theoretical models for fatigue life assessment of cold-expanded holes. The results should also be useful for the engineers in the aerospace industry to realise the full potential of the cold expansion process and to utilise it more effectively in the manufacturing of airframes leading to improved fatigue endurance under different loading conditions.


These studies were conducted to examine activation of in vitro‐matured porcine oocytes in response to an electrical stimulus or to an ionophore. Cumulus‐enclosed porcine oocytes were incubated in maturation medium supplemented with either FSH and LH (MM:Exp.1) or pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; MMP: experiments 2–4) at 39°C in 5% CO2:95% air with high humidity. In experiment 1, groups of oocytes were stripped of cumulus and then shampulsed (control) or electrically pulsed with a Zimmerman Cell Fusion unit at 24, 31, 41, 48, and 65 h of incubation. Control oocytes were exposed to the activation medium for 20 sec, whereas oocytes to be pulsed were subjected to a single activation pulse (120 V, 30 μsec). Oocytes were cultured for an additional 24 h and then fixed and examined. For oocytes pulsed at 24, 31, 41, 48, and 65 h, the proportions which activated were 0, 0, 87, 88, and 83%, respectively. In experiment 2, oocytes were electrically or sham‐pulsed with a BTX 200 Embryomanipulation System at 24, 30, and 40 h of incubation and respective proportions of oocytes activating were 27%, 39%, and 72%. In experiment 3, oocytes were subjected to 0, 1, or 2 activation pulses after 41 h of incubation in MM‐P. Double‐pulsing halved the proportion of activated oocytes (P<.0001). In experiment 4, oocytes were subjected to 0, 25, 50, or 100 μM ionophore at 48 h of incubation. Proportions of oocytes activated by ionophore were greater than for control (P < .05), but activation was not increased by increasing dose of ionophore. These results indicate that porcine oocytes may respond to an activation stimulus by 24 h of incubation, long before maturation is normally completed. Activation can be achieved also with an ionophore, as described previosly for other species.


Yamuna Nagar is a city in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located south-east of the state capital Chandigarh. This town is known for the cluster of plywood units. It is also known for providing the country's finest timber to even larger industries. The older town is called Jagadhri. It used to be a green, clean and prosperous industrial city. However, due to recent spur in Industrial units in and around the city have resulted in severe air, water and soil pollution issues. Yamuna Nagar has the river Yamuna running through the district, and forming the eastern boundary with the neighbouring Saharanpur district. This boundary is also a state boundary, as Saharanpur is in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The district also separates the Yamuna system from the Satluj river system. Yamuna's pollution starts from Tajewala in the upper segment. Here two canals, the Western Yamuna Canal (WYC) and the Eastern Yamuna Canal (EYC), divert river waters into Haryana and Uttar Pradesh (UP). The WYC crosses Yamuna Nagar, Karnal and Panipat before reaching the Haiderpur treatment plant (which supplies part of Delhi's water), receiving wastewater from Yamuna Nagar and Panipat. The WYC at Yamuna Nagar, and rejoins the canal about 80 km downstream at Karnal. All domestic and industrial discharges from the effluents of paper mill, sugar mill, metal industries, distilleries, starch mill etc. are let out into this canal located at Yamunanagar. The water has a bad odour and contains a high amount of metal content, beside a high content of B.O.D. The water samples were collected at regular intervals from various strategic points at the exit of effluents from various industries. The parameters studied were temperature, pH, turbidity, solids, hardness, chloride content, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, conductivity, total E. coli, fungi, etc. These contaminants have contributed the water unfit for drinking.


If a preservice technology teacher to teach technology education using a holistic approach, then the advancement of their professional identity as a technology teacher will be reliant upon the grasping of essential technology education concepts. This is a part of a larger study, which examines the transition of a pre service Technology Education teacher during their pre service program. It records their journey from their initial identity as a trade worker; tracing their identity, knowledge, skill, values and attitudes development during their first encounter in a school as a pre-service secondary Technology teacher. This study demonstrates how the developing professional teacher identity is impacted within the Technology Foundation Course and identifies the factors causing the greatest change. The focal lens is on the coursework and the authentic activity, including the Technology Day which leads to a solid understanding of Technology Education. It uses personal folio's, online reflective journaling and interviews as a way to trace the professional identity change and the results are presented using the Logic Framework Model. This paper discusses significant changes in the students' professional identity and this has significant implication for the training of secondary teachers.


The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is studied widely for magnetic field and temperature sensing at the nanoscale. Usually, the fluorescence is recorded to estimate the spin state of the NV center. Here we applied a time-gating technique to improve the contrast of the spin-dependent fluorescence. A NIR pulsed laser pumped the stimulated emission of the NV center and depleted the spontaneous emission that was excited by a green laser. We changed the relative delay between the NIR laser and the green laser. Then the spontaneous emission of the NV center in varied time windows was extracted by comparing the fluorescence intensities with and without the NIR laser. The results showed that the spin-dependent fluorescence contrast could be improved by approximately 1.8 times by applying the time gating. The background of the environment was eliminated due to temporal filtering. This work demonstrates that the stimulated emission assisted time-gating technique can be used to improve the performance of an NV center sensor in a noisy environment.


Abstract: An integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) composed of a triple-pressure natural gas combined cycle and parabolic trough collector solar field is investigated in this paper. The purpose is to study and evaluate the performance of the cycle when the solar heat injected into the heat recovery steam generator of the steam cycle. Thus, a thermodynamic model of the proposed ISCC plant has been developed in Mathcad environment to simulate and analyze the cycle performance ate different seasons of the year. It has been found that the solar energy can generate steam that can be used to increase the power output of the steam cycle from 182 MWe to 237 MWe with an increase of 30% from reverence value. This can achieve an annual reduction in CO2 emission of 75000 tons/year.


writes (p. 106) 'Qu'Agde soit une colonie de Marseille [sc. and not founded by Rhodians or directly from Phocaea] est incontestable: elle porte un des rares noms vraiment grec [sc. and not a rhabillage of a native name] de tout le Midi et des textes anciens ne laissent aucun doute a ce sujet': but weighty contestation and doute are revealed in the footnotes, on the Massaliote origin by Villard, on the name by Benoit. The coins are fully discussed, though the section on monnaies a la croix should perhaps now be modified by Derek Allen's study in Num. Chron. 7th ser. ix (1969), 33-78. On the beginnings of Roman rule, she reverts to Velleius' date of 118 for the foundation of Narbo, using Duval on the Domitius milestone to dismiss Mattingly, but seems to have overlooked Badian's important paper 'Notes on Provincia Gallia in the Late Republic' in the Piganiol Festschrift (1966), which (though invoking an imaginary Gaulish settlement on the site) suggests another answer and also makes better sense of the whole period. But all this is marginal to her central purpose, which is the study of imperial Baeterrae. Of the town itself, everything has to be reconstructed from old records and surviving fragments of sculpture and this is brilliantly done. Many details are recovered of the forum, a commemorative arch (probably Augustan), several temples, the amphitheatre (a small portion of which is the only standing monument), the theatre, an aqueduct some 30 km. long, and possible baths. The interesting point is made that B£ziers does not seem to have been walled before the late third century; granted that the site was remarkably strong by nature (so Mile Clavel interprets Strabo's iroAis aa<f>aXrjs), this is still surprising in an Augustan colonia, although, as she remarks, Orange may again provide a parallel. The author's consuming interest, however, is in social and economic development, so that the territorium (larger, incidentally, than the medieval bishopric) receives equal attention with the town and the relations between the two are fully discussed. There is a difficulty here—one which bedevils all studies of Gallia Narbonensis: while the map on p. 301 shows a most impressive density of villas, she can produce only one partial (and very skeletal) plan of one single example (Canet, p. 608). In the absence of adequate excavations one is bound to question the worth of the vestiges archiologiques on which the map is based, though the appendix which deals, in the usual French style, with place-names goes some way towards re-inforcing some of them. However, the sections on economic development, trade, and religion all contain much of interest. The book concludes with an attempted analysis of the population, by origin and by class. Mile Clavel's survey does not extend into the sub-Roman period, so that she does not discuss the development of Septimania (nor the origin of its name), but within these limits the book is as comprehensive as one could wish and very well documented. It is also well produced (though on unnecessarily heavy paper) and the illustrations are informative and well chosen.


An exponentially decaying function in time domain has been used as a filter for group-velocity determination with multiple filter technique. The bandwidth of the optimum filter is obtained minimizing time duration of the filtered signal. Sufficient resolution for practical purposes is obtained with bandwidths proportional to the center frequencies.


Coral reef managers currently face the challenge of mitigating global stressors by enhancing local ecological resilience in the face of a changing climate. Effective herbivore management is one tool that managers can use in order to maintain resilience in the midst of severe and frequent bleaching events. One recommended approach is to establish networks of Herbivore Management Areas (HMAs), which prohibit the take of herbivorous reef fishes. However, there is a need to develop design principles to guide planning and implementation of these HMAs as a resilience-building tool. We refine available guidance from fully protected Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks and developed a set of 11 biophysical design principles specifically for HMAs. We then provide a case study of how to apply these principles using the main Hawaiian Islands. We address site-specific considerations in terms of protecting habitats, including ecologically critical areas, incorporating connectivity, and addressing climate and local threats. This synthesis integrates core marine spatial planning concepts with resilience-based management and provides actionable guidance on the design of HMAs. When combined with social considerations, these principles will support spatial planning in Hawai'i and could guide the future design of HMA networks globally.


Abstract The Kanosh Formation of the Great Basin of western North America contains the oldest abundant and moderately diverse bryozoan fauna known from North America. Six species are here described from this formation at Ibex in the Confusion Range, Utah. They comprise three species of esthonioporine stenolaemates and three trepostomes. Two new genera (Ibexella and Kanoshopora) and three new species (I. multidiaphragmata, K. droserae, and Eridotrypa hindsi) are introduced. The endozone of Kanoshopora n. gen. is very unusual among bryozoans in being filled with vesicles that are divided by beaded walls into longitudinal files close to the boundary with the exozone.


Recently slot filling has witnessed great development thanks to deep learning and the availability of large-scale annotated data. However, it poses a critical challenge to handle a novel domain whose samples are never seen during training. The recognition performance might be greatly degraded due to severe domain shifts. Most prior works deal with this problem in a two-pass pipeline manner based on metric learning. In practice, these dominant pipeline models may be limited in computational efficiency and generalization capacity because of non-parallel inference and context-free discrete label embeddings. To this end, we re-examine the typical metric-based methods, and propose a new adaptive end-to-end metric learning scheme for the challenging zero-shot slot filling. Considering simplicity, efficiency and generalizability, we present a cascade-style joint learning framework coupled with context-aware soft label representations and slot-level contrastive representation learning to mitigate the data and label shift problems effectively. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over a series of competitive baselines.


This article considers the methodological approach for the study of foreign prices of goods by using of dispersion analysis. Currently, one of the problems associated with the avoidance of organizations from the payment of customs duties, is an understatement of the value of goods crossing the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). For this reason, control by the customs authorities of foreign trade prices for goods is one way of ensuring economic security of the Russian Federation, which is the leader of the EAEU. Because in the process of customs clearance of consignments, customs authorities of the Russian Federation have considerable difficulties with the control of the reliability of the declared value of the goods, there is a need to apply mathematical and statistical methods for the analysis of pricing information. Based on the above, we propose to use multivariate dispersion analysis for research purposes of foreign trade prices for goods.


The purpose of this article is, from the philosophical-historical framework, to con-duct a review of public ethics and legitimacy in the context of the construction of public and private space beginning with Greek-Latin societies until reaching con-temporary positions, in there is a crisis of legitimacy of the State against its gover-ned generated by corruption. In response to this crisis of legitimacy in government, the space of the public has been occupied by movements of the Organized Civil Society, which question and put pressure on the work of traditional public insti-tutions, and seek to incorporate them into these formal spaces. legitimacy to the government. This forces a rethinking of the values of contemporary public ethics.


Electrocardiographic changes associated with the hypocalcemic state induced in rabbits by the rapid intravenous injection of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were studied. The rate of administration was varied between 50 and 120 seconds; more electrocardiographic abnormalities were produced when the EDTA was administered in less than 50 seconds. The most frequent finding was a prolonged Q-T interval caused predominantly by a lengthening of the ST segment. Abnormal T waves were observed in a significant number of animals. Electrical alternans of the T wave, not reported in association with clinical hypocalcemia, was also found. The exact mechanism responsible for the electrical alternans associated with EDTA is unknown.


This paper analyzes the process of sorting through the intervening demand survey that reaches the Center for Research and Applied Psychology (CPPA) "Dr. Betti Katzenstein" UNESP Assis. The objective was to better understand the reality of conflicts that people face and, therefore, to characterize the patients who seek help in CPPA. With greater understanding of demand, it is possible to trace more consistent referrals and tailor the service to the school clinic profile of clients that demand. Recalling that the actual attendance of screening is already a form of interventional care, because it provides patient care from first contact. This was a documentary research, which had collected their data sheets of the CPPA trials conducted in 2011. 394 screenings were performed. We present the distribution of the demand for sex, age and complaint that motivated the search for care. It can be concluded that the characterization allows a customer routing more efficient services offered at the institution, as it contributes to a better understanding delineated in each case and a reduced number of dropouts in the screening process.


Background and Aim: Elderly are exposed to risk of poor balance, falling ground, gait dysfunction and the subsequent damage, loss of independence and premature death. Given the importance of balance to prevent falls and gait performance in daily activities, this study attempts to investigate effectiveness of Pilates trainings on improvements of dynamic balance and gait performance in elderly individuals with a history of falling ground. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research which was done by pre-test and post-test method. The statistical population of study was elderly people of Tabriz (60 years and older). They were selected on a voluntary basis.Thirty people were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental and control) after entering the study. Prior to training, balance and gait performance and walking were tested using Berg balance test and functional evaluation of gait, respectively. Experimental group performed the Pilates training for eight weeks and Control group did their daily activities. Upon completion of training, both groups were assessed. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics by using T test analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between experimental and control groups in the Berg Balance and walking performance tests, but the experimental group outperformed the control group in post- test. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the role of Pilates exercises to improve balance and gait performance in older men with a history of falls. Because of no improvement in balance and gait performance of control subjects, we can attribute the improvement in balance and gait performance of the experimental group to the effect of these exercises. Keywords: Pilates training, dynamic balance, gait performance, elderly men


TheJournalof Dec. 12, 1896, p. 1226, contained an article by W. E. Shaw, M.D., of Cincinnati, on the "Conservative Treatment for Carbuncle." My own observations have been so entirely different from the teachings of this article that I am constrained to make a most decided protest against this plan of no treatment, or next to none, of this most formidable disease. It was the fortune of the writer, in the autumn of 1865, to suffer from a large and most painful carbuncle, located centrally on the back, overlapping both scapulae, which was aggravated by attending to professional duties for a week after the disease had made its appearance, not only at home but during the same time making three trips in a buggy a distance of twenty-two miles, returning home in the evening much chilled. By this time I was obliged to go to bed and remain there


Prodrug technologies aimed at delivering nucleoside monophosphates into cells (protides) have proved to be effective in improving the therapeutic potential of antiviral and anticancer nucleosides. In these cases, the nucleoside monophosphates are delivered into the cell, where they may then be further converted (phosphorylated) to their active species. Herein, we describe one of these technologies developed in our laboratories, known as the phosphoramidate protide method. In this approach, the charges of the phosphate group are fully masked to provide efficient passive cell‐membrane penetration. Upon entering the cell, the masking groups are enzymatically cleaved to release the phosphorylated biomolecule. The application of this technology to various therapeutic nucleosides has resulted in improved antiviral and anticancer activities, and in some cases it has transformed inactive nucleosides to active ones. Additionally, the phosphoramidate technology has also been applied to numerous antiviral nucleoside phosphonates, and has resulted in at least three phosphoramidate‐based nucleotides progressing to clinical investigations. Furthermore, the phosphoramidate technology has been recently applied to sugars (mainly glucosamine) in order to improve their therapeutic potential. The development of the phosphoramidate technology, mechanism of action and the application of the technology to various monophosphorylated nucleosides and sugars will be reviewed.


An adaptive turbo coded modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) schemes with power variable over subcarriers, variable over subbands, and constant over subcarriers is proposed. Our object is to improve the overall throughput under target bit-error-rate (BER) for OFDM transmissions. Simulation results indicate that our fixed power adaptation scheme exhibits a more than 7dB signal-noise-ratio (SNR) gain relative to nonadaptive turbo coded modulation, and about 2dB additional gain can be achieved with our variable power adaptation. We also discuss the effect of the amount of subbands on throughput performance in our adaptive scheme.


Overview: World GDP now seen falling 2.8% in 2020 ▀ With much of the global economy now in some form of lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic, we expect world GDP to contract by about 7% in H1 2020. Activity is expected to rebound sharply in H2, but even so the severity of the shock is likely to lead to a permanent GDP loss for the global economy. ▀ While Chinese activity picked up in late‐Q1 as lockdown restrictions were unwound, we expect Q1 GDP to have fallen 12% q/q before rebounding sharply in Q2. But this Q2 boost looks set to be swamped by the collapse in activity caused by the rest of the world going into lockdown. ▀ Although shutdown restrictions elsewhere are less severe than those imposed in China, business survey and labour market data still point to sharp falls in activity in most countries in Q2. Quarterly GDP declines of 8% or more in the US and eurozone seem likely. Overall, world GDP could fall by about 7% in H1, roughly double the size of the contraction during start of the global financial crisis in 2009. ▀ In those economies subject to some form of lockdown, we expect restrictions to begin to be lifted during Q2. As a result, growth should resume in Q3 as sectors that have been forced to shut down see some pick‐up. But despite this rebound, world GDP is now seen shrinking 2.8% in 2020 overall — in 2009, the global GDP fall was 1.1%. ▀ The H2 pick‐up, followed by a return to more normal conditions next year, will result in world GDP growth rising to almost 6% in 2021, helped also by the recent collapse in oil prices to about $30pb. But the scale of the disruption means that we expect a permanent loss of output from the shock. We expect global GDP in the medium term to be some 1.5% below the level we had anticipated before the coronavirus outbreak. ▀ The risks around this forecast are large and broadly balanced. But were stringent lockdowns or widespread disruption, perhaps due to renewed outbreaks of the virus, to extend into Q3, global GDP could fall by as much as 8% this year.


Some newly developed techniques of electroless copper plating on a silicon surface for MEMS are reported in this paper. In order to make the electrolessly plated copper film adhere to the silicon surface perfectly, oxygen plasma bombardment combined with ion implantation and KOH etching are proposed to do physical treatment on silicon surface. The high-quality thin copper film with thickness 1500 /spl Aring/ and sheet resistance 0.14/spl Omega///spl square/can be realized through the above process methods. So far the average thickness of the electrolessly plated copper film has reached 5 microns since the new techniques, such as oxygen plasma bombardment silicon surface treatment, are applied in the electroless copper plating. Copper can be selectively plated on the silicon surface but not on the glass surface for the selectivity of plating and the silicon structures are encapsulated completely by the copper film for the conformality.


Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are highly vulnerable to HIV infection, but this population can be particularly difficult to reach in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the number of MSM in Chiang Mai Thailand, in order to plan HIV control and prevention. Methods: The total of 348 potential MSM were identified at eight contact locations, including two public parks, two bars, two massage parlors and two pubs in Chiang Mai. Trained 16 research enumerators and 16 enumerators were trained to extend a recruitment of brooches to MSM. The MSMs were captured one week apart. A record was kept of when, where and by whom the invitation was extended and received, and of refusals. The total estimate of MSM was derived from capture-recapture calculation. Results: The total MSM in Chiang Mai Thailand estimated by capture and recapture method was 733 (95%CI = 480 - 948) or the estimate was 7.3% (95%CI = 7.1% - 14.1%). Conclusions: Capture and recapture method can be used to enumerate and provide accurate and reliable estimates of the MSM population in any area, provided that certain conditions are controlled. MSM who are engaged in personal community represent a sizeable population who urgently need to be targeted by HIV and STDs prevention strategies.


microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as a large group of short noncoding RNAs, which structurally consist of 19–22 nucleotides in length and functionally act as one of the main regulators of gene expression in important biological and physiological contexts like cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, movement (cell motility), and angiogenesis as well as disease formation and progression importantly in cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Among these notable tiny molecules, many studies recently presented the important role of the miR‐193 family comprising miR‐193a‐3p, miR‐193a‐5p, miR‐193b‐3p, and miR‐193b‐5p in health and disease biological processes by interaction with special targeting and signaling, which mainly contribute as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, in the present paper, we review the functional role of this miRNA family in both health and disease conditions focusing on various tumor developments, diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment.


The only characters currently used to distinguish Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans and F. sulfooxidans from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans are the inability of the first species to oxidize sulfur or thiosulfate and of the second to use thiosulfate. These differences are demonstrated to be invalid inasmuch as all three species can grow on either sulfur or thiosulfate. The names F. ferrooxidans and F. sulfooxidans are therefore regarded as later, subjective synonyms of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.


Work performance test could be carried out on a population sample of women aged 38-60 years without complications. The work capacity decreased with increasing age and at the same time the maximal heart rate during work decreased with increasing age. Blood pressure increased with age and these differences between the various ages were about the same as at rest. Respiratory frequency and perceived exertion on maximal work were similar in the ages studied. ECG changes were common and were found to be as common as in men who had been studied with the same technique and in the same ages. As ECG changes were very common and as myocardial infraction is very seldom in women of these ages, ECG changes during and after work did not seem to be a good discriminator of women subjected to myocardial infraction.


The teaching of artificial intelligence (AI) topics in school curricula is an important global strategic initiative in educating the next generation. As AI technologies are new to K-12 schools, there is a lack of studies that inform schools' teachers about AI curriculum design. How to prepare and engage teachers, and which approaches are suitable for planning the curriculum for sustainable development, are unclear. Therefore, this case study aimed to explore the views of teachers with and without AI teaching experience on key considerations for the preparation, implementation and continuous refinement of a formal AI curriculum for K-12 schools. It drew on the self-determination theory (SDT) and four basic curriculum planning approaches—content, product, process and praxis—as theoretical frameworks to explain the research problems and findings. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 teachers—twelve with and twelve without experience in teaching AI—and used thematic analysis to analyze the interview data. Our findings revealed that genuine curriculum creation should encompass all four forms of curriculum design approach that are coordinated by teachers' self-determination to be orchestrators of student learning experiences. This study also proposed a curriculum development cycle for teachers and curriculum officers.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antagonist antibodies for lung tumors mark a new era of cancer therapeutics harnessing a patient's immune system to induce durable antitumor responses. Despite their impressive activity in some patients, challenges remain as most tumors exhibit primary or acquired resistance (AR) to ICIs, and the biologic mechanisms for resistance are poorly understood. Using a collection of 14 ICI-resistant lung cancer samples, we investigated whether alterations in genes encoding components of the HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation machinery or interferon signaling pathways play a role in AR to PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonistic antibodies. Although we did not detect any recurrent mutations or copy number changes in our AR cohort, we noted one case of an acquired homozygous loss of B2M that resulted in lack of HLA class I expression on the cell surface in both the patient's tumor sample and the corresponding patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Downregulation of B2M was also found in two additional PDXs established from ICI-resistant tumors. To test if B2m expression confers sensitivity to ICIs in vivo, we used a CRISPR-mediated approach to knockout B2m in an ICI-sensitive, murine lung cancer cell line and transplanted the cells into syngeneic, immunocompetent mice. We found that the B2m knockout tumors were resistant to ICI therapy in contrast to the wild type tumors. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis of a subset of the samples in the acquired resistance to ICI cohort revealed an inflammatory tumor microenvironment with significant upregulation of the inhibitory receptors LAG-3 and PD-1 in tumor-infiltrating T cells at ICI resistance. Overall, these findings provide a novel system for the evaluation and screening of candidate genes for their ability to mediate AR to ICIs in vivo. Moreover, they also provide evidence for the disruption of HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation as a mechanism for escape from ICIs in lung cancer and provide information on the immune microenvironment in ICI-resistant tumors. Citation Format: Katherine Hastings, Scott Gettinger, Choi Jungmin, Anna Truini, Ila Datar, Ryan Sowell, Anna Wurtz, Weilai Dong, Guoping Cai, Mary Ann Melnick, Joseph Schlessinger, Sarah Goldberg, Anne Chiang, Ignacio Melero, Jackeline Agorreta, Luis Montuenga, Richard Lifton, Soldano Ferrone, Paula Kavathas, David Rimm, Susan Kaech, Kurt Schalper, Roy Herbst, Katerina Politi. Impaired HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation as a mechanism of acquired Rrsistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A09.


It is well known that birds often simultaneously take flight from a feeding site (flush), in response to a real or perceived predation threat. We hypothesised that such flushes would provide a means for subdominant individuals to alleviate the effects of competition for food. Specifically, we predicted that subdominant species would either be less prone to flushing and/or would return to feed after a flush more quickly than more dominant species. The main aim of this project was to test this hypothesis using garden birds feeding at provisioned feeders. We also sought to explore whether pseudo alarm calls were made by Parus species in order to reduce competition from dominant species, as has been previously reported. In our study, there was no evidence that instances with alarm calls differed from flushes without alarm calls with respect to the first bird to alight on the feeders after the flush. However, subdominant Parus species return more quickly to the foraging site after an anti-predatory flush. This can be interpreted as birds being prepared to risk returning too early to a site that may still have an active predator in order to take advantage of temporally reduced competition for food. Interestingly, increased predation rate is likely to increase the rate at which flushes occur and so increase the frequency with which subordinates can take advantage of such reduced competition. As such, this work provides a counter-example to the normally considered case where increased predation risk has a particularly detrimental effect on subdominants.


The study is on perception of mothers on the factors predisposing to adolescent teenage pregnancy in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. The present study aimed at identifying mothers' perception on the factors predisposing to adolescent pregnancy. The researchers formulated three research questions to guide the study. Cross sectional descriptive research survey was adopted. The samples for the study were 400 respondents randomly selected from 15 political wards in the entire local government. The instrument for the study was self-developed structured questionnaire. The validity of the instrument was established by expert judgment in the field of public health while reliability of the instrument was established by test retest method. The instrument was distributed by the researchers and same collected back on the spot to avoid instrument mortality. 100% return rate was realized from the instrument. Data were collected and collated using simple percentage, mean and standard deviation. The data collected were rated using 5 points Likert scale with the criterion mean of 3 was used to interpret the result. The findings of the study revealed that perception of mothers on factors that can predispose adolescent to teenage pregnancy include desire for wealth and other material things, sexual permissiveness in the society, influx of pornography among others. Consequences of teenage pregnancy include emotional instability, complication during delivery and reproductive health problems among others. Strategies to reduce incidence of teenage pregnancy include massive public campaign and availability of family planning services. Appropriate preventive interventions are suggested to modify the risk factors.


In this deliverable, we discuss the implementation details of the second round of pilots led by WP5 partners (Okkam, HCUK, SPL, EPJ, and RANDST) to test the serious games created by game developers with RAGE ecosystem's assets. The document presents for each partner the validation experiments conducted between December 2017 and November 2018, with details related to design, methodology and instruments used in the different experiments. In addition, details about the implementation and participants will be provided, together with a discussion about risk management for each partner respect the execution of the game. The results presented in this document must be complemented with those reported in D8.4, Second Evaluation Report, where the analysis of scientific aspects is presented. D5.4 can be read as the premise to D8.4 where the results of the evaluation are detailed and a comparison between pilot 1 and pilot 2 is discussed.


AIM
To determine whether serum anti-p53 antibody (p53-Abs) positivity in patients with oral carcinoma corresponds with tumor localization, histological grade, stage, and recurrence.

METHODS
The study population was divided into three groups: controls; patients with a premalignant lesion; and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The third group was composed of patients attending outpatient services for pathological diagnosis or for follow-up monitoring only. The cancer patients had undergone resective surgery in local anesthesia. Serum p53-Abs levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and monitored over a 3-year follow-up period.

RESULTS
Controls and patients with premalignant lesions did not test positive for p53-Abs at ELISA testing. Patients with a malignant lesion tested positive at initial diagnosis when a high histopathological grade lesion was present or localized to the posterior region of the oral cavity. Postoperative serum p53-Abs levels gradually declined until complete seronegativity. Patients with a recurrent tumor tested positive for p53-Abs.

CONCLUSION
Seropositivity for p53-Abs may be associated with histopathological tumor grade, localization, and recurrence. The findings suggest that serum p53-Abs analysis is a useful diagnostic marker for oral SCC.


This research is a case study of the regional revenue in the east kotawaringin entitled "Analysis of Revenue Sources Revenue Regional District of Central Kalimantan, East Kotawaringin fiscal year 2002 until the year 2008". The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth rate revenue
east kotawaringin region, analyzing the amount of the contribution of the regional revenue component of the regional revenue, analyzing targets regional revenue and Its components in five years to come. Analysis tools used in the study to determine the contribution of each
component of the regional revenue to local revenue contribution analysis, and know the approximate regional revenue targets and its components in the five years to come using projection analysis (Trend).
The calculations revenue growth east kotawaringin region from 2002 to 2008 fluctuated, with a growth rate of 28% to reach 17% in 2008. The calculated contribution analysis, the results obtained contribute resources to the regional revenue of the revenue region from 2002 until the year 2008 can be categorized by sources of the regional revenue greatest contribution to the least.
The first is the other legitimate Income by 58%, the second retribution for 27%, the third taxes of 13%, the four regional owned company results of 3%. Trend analysis of the results of the calculation (projection), from the year 2009 until the year 2013 is predicted to have increased from 36,641,590,421 in 2009 to reach 42,047,067,787 in the year 2013. While the estimated target of regional revenue component of the components obtained the greatest number of targets that will result from the realization will affect the regional revenue in the east kotawaringin retribution 18,306,430,821 in the year of 2009 and in 2013 reached 28,805,523,310, and the lowest estimate of the target is the regional corporate results for 2379358163 in the year 2009, reaching 5,100,365,532 in the year 2013.
From the conclusions of research, researchers gave some advice that is, county regional revenue service of east kotawaringin expected to further optimize the four components of the regional revenue for the following years, the level of contribution sources for the regional revenue of the revenue region from 2002 until the year 2008 look less maximum contribution from the regional corporate results component that is expected from local east county government kotawaringin efforts to give more attention to these components, is expected to approximate the regional
revenue targets east kotawaringin district launched five years to come will be able to be realized and local government is expected district east kotawaringin more attention to the components of the regional taxes and other legal income.


ABSTRACT This paper explores how Australia's Indigenous peoples understand and respond to climate change impacts on their traditional land and seas. Our results show that: (i) Indigenous peoples are observing modifications to their country due to climate change, and are doing so in both ancient and colonial time scales; (ii) the ways that climate change terminology is discursively understood and used is fundamental to achieving deep engagement and effective adaptive governance; (iii) Indigenous peoples in Australia exhibit a high level of agency via diverse approaches to climate adaptation; and (iv) humour is perceived as an important cultural component of engagement about climate change and adaptation. However, wider governance regimes consistently attempt to "upscale" Indigenous initiatives into their own culturally governed frameworks - or ignore them totally as they "don't fit" within neoliberal policy regimes. We argue that an opportunity exists to acknowledge the ways in which Indigenous peoples are agents of their own change, and to support the strategic localism of Indigenous adaptation approaches through tailored and place-based adaptation for traditional country.