To study the mode of transepithelial Na+ transport into pancreatic ducts during secretin-dependent NaHCO3 secretion, Na, K-ATPase was first localized within the exocrine pancreas of the pig using a cytochemical reaction for K-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (K-NPPase). K-NPPase staining was confined to the lateral cell membrane bordering the intercellular spaces between ductal cells, negating the possibility of primary active, transcellular Na+ transport into pancreatic ducts. To assess how transepithelial Na+ transport may be coupled to HCO-3 secretion, net flux of Li+ into pancreatic juice was measured following intravenous systemic Li+ loading of 12 secretin infused, anaesthetized pigs. At plasma Li+ 32 (23-35) mmol l-1, Li+ displaced Na+ as accompanying cation to secreted HCO-3, and Li+/Na+ in pancreatic juice matched Li+/Na+ in arterial plasma. During superimposed inhibition of pancreatic water flux by hyperglycaemia, Li+ and Na+ were both transported against a transepithelial concentration gradient. Li+ reduced pancreatic HCO-3 secretion rate by 14 (-2 to -20)%, as well as Na,K-ATPase activity in a separate in vitro assay. The finding that Li+ substituted for Na+ in the secretion even during reduced osmotic water flow suggests that Na+ and Li+ are transported together with secreted HCO-3 into pancreatic juice by an electrogenic mechanism in addition to solvent drag and diffusion.


Preventive care has the aim to prevent the occurrence of disease and to detect disease at an early stage, in order to allow for timely interventions. Before tests can be implemented into routine prevention care, several criteria have to be satisfied. Laboratory tests such as fasting glucose, lipids, fecal occult blood testing are widely used within preventive programs. The use of other parameters, such as PSA, TSH, creatinine, urine albumin (albumin/creatinine ration, ACR) similarly might get an important role. This article focuses on the role of laboratory tests in preventive care with a special emphasis on recommendations on their use in Central Europe.


In present survey it is noticed that the profound interest in research and study of retrieval of satellite images and Image Retrieval on Content Based is grown hugely .Thus, to build the semantic error which is a huge challenge. Also, it prevents wide hosting of image on content based search engines which is now the necessity of CBIR technique. Mostly image search engine depend on human generated data as input query namely tags or annotations. The images get stored in database according to the annotations or tags assigned to them. Thus, tags or annotations are used as inputs by search engines .Thus, to overcome the limitation of annotations based image retrieval an Improved Block Truncation Coding is used which is based on Texture and color features of an image. In this paper, Improved Block Truncation Coding technique is used to fill the semantic gap. Then the similarity features type of search is carried to find different query regions namely desert, coastal, forest, metro from the satellite images. The retrieval technique can be practically applied and compared using different similarity methods .The technique of Improved Block Truncation Coding is described which is one of the most proficient methods used in retrieval of satellite images. Though, in traditional BTC certain redundancy like false contour, inherent artifacts are observed. In order to deal with this an improved BTC with dotdiffusion is applied to the system. Here, a Dot Diffusion is added for retrieving the most relevant images that best match to the query image whereas Dot Diffusion is used to give best quality image with good clearity and save memory need to store in database.


Though I'm honored to be giving the Armstrong Lecture this year, there are some drawbacks. First, keeping an audience awake at 4:30 in the afternoon after a day of scientific papers should qualify one for the No-Doz award. Second, when one starts being invited to give named lectureships, it could be interpreted as a gentle nudge to the sidelines where prance the venerated heroes of yesteryear. I'd like to think that there are a few seeds of rebellion left in me to sprout, and that like that hero of has-beens, George Blanda, there are a few good kicks left in the old leg. Finally, there's the awful temptation to try to say something profound. I hate the term "lecture" because it implies teaching-preaching, rather than learning. Adding some ancient's name to it makes one feel compelled to issue lofty pronouncements in hushed tones. I'll try hard to "play past" that


This study aims to understand the history of the Victorian age that attached importance to various designs and aesthetic aspects by art and craft movement, and to present that the Victorian pattern is a factor with unlimited possibility in application and development of the modern textile product designs. Therefore, through documents research home and abroad, I considered the periodical background of the Victorian style, a change course of textile, and the theoretical backing of the Victorian pattern, and I studied and analyzed the cases of being applied in the modern textile product designs by classifying apparel, home interior, and fashion accessories. First of all, in apparel, the Victorian pattern transformed into geometrical form had much relative importance, and secondly, in the home interior, the Victorian pattern was expressed realistically or it was represented more boldly and complexly with new materials or techniques introduced. Thirdly, in fashion accessories, decorative nature was shown in intense design with the real description of the Victorian flower pattern and brilliant colors. With these results, it was found out that when the Victorian pattern was applied in the modern textile product designs, it was the factor that could be expected to make a high value added suitable with the modern sense, and it was the pattern with developmental potential with its unlimited use range. Therefore, based on this study, it is considered that the development of textile product designs utilizing the Victorian pattern and academic research, reorganizing the Victorian pattern in accordance with the modern design should be continued.


This review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the European Medicines Agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of November 2013 and for which a Community herbal monograph has been produced. Part 1: Achillea millefolium L.–Curcuma longa L.


Since the massification of the medias and non compulsory musical education in Brazilian schools, there is a loss of sound/music perception of Brazilian children. This fact, associated with the lack of software for the teaching of sound perception, generated the Music-AR, software that uses Augmented Reality technology for the teaching of sound properties, such as timbre, pitch and sound intensity, based on the Murray Schafer study, a major Canadian music educator. There were two small applications for that: the first one allows the child to manipulate virtual objects linked to sounds, this way, the child can loosen and stretch virtual objects relating them to the (bass and treble) sound pitch; the second focus on the concept of sound intensity, associating it to virtual animals been far or near to the children. Tests were applied and the results are presented in this work.


Objectives The research was to study the relationship between the level of ghrelin and left ventricular hypertrophy of essential hypertension by observing the level of ghrelin in the serum of patients with essential hypertension and healthy volunteers. Methods In this research, 132 hypertensive patients who were in our hospital from March 2011 to January 2012 were selected into a group, among which there were 63 samples with left ventricular hypertrophy and 69 samples without left ventricular hypertrophy, and 61 normal healthy volunteers were selected as controls. The fasting periphery blood and the centrifugal upper serum were collected from the hypertension group and the control group to test the serum level of ghrelin by using ELISA method. The level of ghrelin from two groups of hypertensive patients and the normal healthy volunteers were compared respectively. Meanwhile, the LVEDd, IVST and LVPWT were measured, by echocardiography. Then their Left Ventricular Mass Index was calculated by Devereux formula. Results 1. The levels of ghrelin in hypertensive group were lower than the control, the difference was significant (p<0.01); 2. the level of ghrelin in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy were higher than hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (p<0.01); 3. the level of ghrelin was related to the LVMI negatively by Pearson linear correlation analysis (r=−0.511, p<0.01). Conclusions 1. The serum level of ghrelin in patients with essential hypertension has decreased respectively, the density of them has declined when the left ventricular hypertrophy occurs, which is compared with the subjects without left ventricular hypertrophy; 2. The remodelling of left ventricular caused by hypertension is correlated with ghrelin plasma concentration; 3. The ghrelin may be involved in the occurrence and development of left ventricular hypertrophy and essential hypertension.


Many theories thought that present-day tRNA sequences evolved from some short RNA hairpins which contain a simple stem-loop structure. To find out these significant fragment sequences, the repeated sequences of different length within 3420 tRNA sequences are counted and analyzed. The results show that: 1) the probability of occurrence P(i) with the given repeated sequences i follows a power-law distribution when the length K of repeated sequences is longer than four bases, and in this case, the total number N(n) of occurrence with the repeated times n follows a power-law distribution too; 2) the sequence of the length K which repeats the largest times is just only sequence of the length K-b wobbling b bases on its left or right side (b varies between 1 and K-1); 3) the same repeated sequences are found nearly at the identical site in different tRNA sequences as the length K of repeated sequences is longer than five bases. Then a hypothesis of the origin and evolution mechanisms of tRNA sequences is proposed and discussed.


OBJECTIVE
Secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a known inducer/promoter of the inflammatory process in the joints. It correlates with disease activity in adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Synovial fluids contain high concentrations of sPLA2. We discovered that human articular cartilage contains large quantities of sPLA2 and that culture chondrocytes constitutively synthesize and release sPLA2. To test the mechanism controlling the release of sPLA2, we exposed cultured human articular chondrocytes to cytokines and other agents, known to induce sPLA2 in other cells.

METHODS
Chondrocytes obtained from cartilage of normal appearance from rheumatoid and osteoarthritic joints, and from normal, neonatal joints were compared to rabbit articular chondrocytes. Radiolabeled Escherichia coli derived phospholipid assay and ELISA technique using monoclonal antibodies against recombinant human synovial type sPLA2 were employed. The cells were grown as monolayers as well as in alginate beads.

RESULTS
Human articular chondrocytes from both arthritic and neonatal joints released sPLA2 constitutively but could not be further stimulated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, oncostatin M, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or forskolin. Marked stimulation was observed when the cells were exposed to 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Growing the cells as monolayers or in alginate beads did not change the results. In contrast to human cells, rabbit chondrocytes responded to IL-1 beta and IL-1/TNF, but not to TNF-alpha alone, with a very marked increase in extracellular sPLA2 activity.

CONCLUSION
Human articular chondrocytes synthesize and constitutively release sPLA2. Such continuous release is most probably responsible for the high concentration of sPLA2 in articular cartilage and may be the source of synovial fluid sPLA2. To our knowledge, human articular chondrocytes are the only sPLA2 producing cells tested to date that do not respond to cytokine stimulation with increased sPLA2 activity; yet enhancement was seen with 8-bromo cAMP. It seems therefore that, human articular chondrocytes possess signalling mechanisms for the release of sPLA2 unlike those from other mammalian cells. The significance of this observation remains to be elucidated.


The human mouth houses the second most diverse microbial community in the body, with almost 700 species of bacteria colonizing the hard surfaces of teeth and the soft tissues of the oral mucosa. To compete in the relatively exposed oral cavity, resident microbes must avoid being replaced by newcomers. This selective constraint, coupled with pressure on the host to cultivate a beneficial microbiome, has rendered a commensal oral microbiota that displays colonization resistance, protecting the human host from invasive species, including pathogens. Current control of dental plaque-related diseases is non-specific and is centered on the removal of plaque by mechanical means. Several new methods based on the modulation of the microbiome that aim at maintaining and re-establishing a healthy oral ecosystem have been developed and has greatly expanded our knowledge of the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Promoting a balanced microbiome is therefore important to effectively maintain or restore oral health. This review provides an updated body of knowledge on oral microbiome in health and disease and discusses the implications for modern-day oral healthcare. Filipino Oral Microbiome Research to develop a policy framework for microbiome-based management of dental diseases and opportunities will be discussed.


THERE ARE VARIOUS COMMUNITY-BASED literacy programs in Australian communities that aim to address educational disadvantage by fostering parental engagement with their young children in literacy activities. Despite the effort and goodwill of many community members, there is little evidence of the impact of these programs on children's literacy progress, school attendance or parental engagement. This paper reports on a pilot study of parents' engagement in their child's literacy development in one remote Indigenous community. Preliminary findings from parent reports indicate elevated progress in literacy by the children in the program. Similarly, parents involved in the program report being more engaged in community leadership and in their children's literacy learning than those who are not. The study suggests aspects of the interrelationship between parent engagement and children's literacy progress that require further investigation. Broader use of the instruments developed will help to establish an evidence base and inform such an investigation.


The aim of this study is to investigate the emotional intelligence levels of 7th grade secondary school students and to determine their opinions about emotional intelligence. The research was conducted in 2014-15 academic year in a state school located in the city center of Eskişehir in Turkey. In the research, a mixed method that utilizes qualitative and quantitative data together was used. In the research Bar-On emotional intelligence scale which was translated by Köksal (2007), was used as emotional intelligence inventory with adolescent and teenager form(EQ-i (YV)). EQ-i (YV) scale was utilized for the 7th grade students of the specified school. Semistructured interviews were conducted for twelve students choosen by using stratified sampling method from 86 students that the scale was utilized. In this research, descriptive analysis were used for the analyses of data obtained via semi-structured interviews. As a result of this study, emotional intelligence levels of students that involve like being flexible and optimistic in seven different dimensions such as interpersonal and adaptability were determined. As a result of the research, it was observed that 7th grade secondary school students usually have different levels of emotional intelligence as high and medium levels. In line with the numerical distribution of the students, levels of emotional intelligence stress management is closer to the average, but it is on average covered all other dimensions. However it was understood that the students exhibit their nearest state average sub-dimension is positive impression. It was emerged that students opinions consistent with their emotional intelligence level.


Damage caused by the coconut tree grasshopper, Eutropidacris cristata (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was evaluated in an eucalyptus plantation in Curvelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in June 2001. Samplings were obtained by counting the number of plants per line and the number of defoliated plants in classes of 10% in 10 planting lines of five blocks of an eucalyptus plantation. Mean percentage of defoliation per plant in the area attacked by this pest was 3.70%, varying from 0.84 to 7.93%, while the number of plants attacked by eucalyptus block was 4.80%, varying from 1.88 to 11.54%. Damage by E. cristata did not justify control measures. Evaluation of this insect showed that its population was reduced to inexpressive numbers 30 days after it was found in this eucalyptus plantation.


Objective: The aim of the current study was to verify whether maternal orientation differences are associated with specific care-giving practices and maternal subjective well-being in accordance with theory. Background: The facilitator orientation, characterised by infant-led care-giving, is proposed to promote immediate responsiveness to the infant coupled with a maternal desire to nurture, whereas the regulator orientation, typified by a mother-led care regime, is proposed to prioritise infant socialisation and maternal needs. However, empirical research linking maternal orientation to maternal care-giving practices and satisfaction in the mothering role is limited. Method: Two hundred and seventy-four mothers of infants 4–7 months old answered an online questionnaire to classify maternal orientation, explore care-giving practices specific to infant sleep, and assess each woman's current experience of mothering. Results: As predicted, more facilitator tendencies were associated with more frequent hands-on infant settling, more flexible timing for infant sleeps, and a closer mother–infant proximity at night, even after controlling for demographic influences and feeding type (breast milk and/or formula). In contrast, maternal orientation did not explain differences in maternal subjective well-being. Those with more facilitator or more regulator tendencies were equally satisfied with their mothering role. Conclusions: A need to tailor support services to each mother's philosophy to baby care is implicated.


Snail slime (SS) is a viscous secretion obtained from different snail species. SS composition is variable according to factors such as the extraction method. Even if several papers have been published regarding this topic, the molecular mechanisms at the base of SS biological effects remain unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the capability of SS, extracted with the cruelty-free Muller method, to promote viability and angiogenesis processes and, in parallel, to counteract inflammation occurrence on skin cell populations. SS was administered to keratinocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, then cell viability, through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, morphology by haematoxylin-eosin staining, gene and protein expression through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, cell cycle phases by flow cytometry, and collagen secretion using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, were measured. Our results evidence SS capability to promote fibroblast viability and to trigger recovery mechanisms by activating the Erk protein. Moreover, an appreciable anti-inflammatory effect due to the significant reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and a positive modulation of new blood vessel formation demonstrated by increased Angiopoietin 1 gene expression and a higher matrix deposition (evidenced by the augmented amount of released collagen I) can be identified. This evidence led us to assume that the Muller method extracted-SS represents a valuable and promising natural product suitable for cosmetic and skin care formulations.


An efficient computer-aided simulation approach is presented in order to analyze digitally-controlled switching mode power converter circuits and systems. The computer-aided simulation procedure treated here is based on a circuit and system equation modeled by time-varying resistors which can be formulated by taking the place of the active switches and the passive diodes incorporated into the converter circuits in addition to a state equation for the inductors and the capacitors along with an algebraic computation method to transform the matrices of the circuit equation into the matrices of the state equation. In this approach, the numerical integration is achieved with rather less numerical calculation steps because of the minimum matrix size of the state equation. The effectiveness of this approach are proved through introducing a three-phase voltage-fed high-power-factor AC to DC converter with a digital control scheme.


Cement-based materials being alkaline in nature are often subjected to rapid deterioration on exposure to the aggressive acidic environments. Acids penetrate into the cement matrix causing calcium leaching and deterioration of phases leading to alteration in the microstructure. Currently, there are hardly any codes or standards available for evaluating the durability of materials to acid attack. Moreover, the literature addressing the material resistance is quite inconclusive. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of mineralogical nature of aggregates on the degradation kinetics of cement mortar when exposed to inorganic and organic acid solutions by performing a static accelerated leaching test. Cement mortar (1: 3) specimens of size 10 × 10 × 60 mm were prepared using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), using limestone (calcareous) aggregates and siliceous aggregates with a water to cement ratio of 0.40. After 28 days of initial curing in saturated lime water, the specimens were exposed to various concentrations of sulphuric (1 % and 3 %) and acetic acid solutions (0.25 M and 0.5 M) for a testing period of 4 months. The acid solution was replenished on a periodic basis to maintain the aggressiveness of the solution. The degradation kinetics was investigated by measuring mass changes, thickness changes, changes in pH of the acid solution and imaging using X-ray micro-tomography. Additionally, periodic abrasive action applied manually (using soft nylon brush) was used to accelerate the degradation process in case of sulphuric acid exposure and its effect was compared with the testing without the abrasive action. An attempt was also made to evaluate the changes in compressive strength and changes in dynamic modulus of elasticity of cylindrical mortar specimens (25 mm diameter and 50 mm height) on exposure to the acid solutions. The test results indicate that the performance of limestone aggregates is better on exposure to sulphuric acid and worse in case of acetic acid when compared to siliceous aggregates.


ABSTRACT The relationship between the library catalog and electronic resources is different than that between the catalog and physical materials. Cataloging rules were originally designed to help patrons use a manual card catalog to find physical works on a shelf. However, these rules apply awkwardly to electronic resources because functionally different electronic works raise special cataloging issues. This article discusses the problems of describing remote electronic resources in the online catalog. It concludes that descriptive information helps the user identify the work s/he needs, but that it is practical to provide only minimal descriptive information for remote electronic resources in the catalog record. To a limited extent, the access lost from less description can be replaced with new cataloging techniques designed to stabilize the catalog record.


Centered on the dissemination and legitimisation of Haitian literature in Italy, this article will provide a provisional state of the art of Haitian literature in the peninsula. The Italian case deserves particular attention as Italian universities took an early interest in Francophone literatures by promoting the creation of specific PhD programs, academic positions, and specialised journals. For our analysis, we will take as a starting point studies that have already addressed the issue – like Alessandro Costantini's "Per un'introduzione alla letteratura haitiana: le opere tradotte in italiano" (2004) – and will try to understand the reasons why critics, in recent years, have been neglecting the subject, given that a systematic investigation has not been conducted since 2004. The legitimisation of Haitian literature in Italy occurs in various ways. We will take into account the different entities that contribute to its dissemination, like publishing houses, cultural and academic centers, journals, websites, etc. We will then focus on criticism in its broadest sense and will finally examine the critical productions published in Italian journals in order to detect the aesthetic orientations specific to the Haitian literary field.


Etiology and clinical manifestations have been studied in 153 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and the results are presented according to clinical and radiographic diagnosis. Laboratory investigations revealed that bacterial infection, mycoplasma and chlamydia included, occurred as often in 22 patients whose clinical diagnoses of pneumonia were not evident radiographically, as in 20 patients with radiographic pneumonia. In the latter group significantly higher values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were demonstrated. The most common pathogen was influenzavirus A, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was found in 3 patients with radiographic pneumonia. The study supports the traditional view that patients with a positive chest radiograph as a rule present more serious manifestations of lower respiratory tract pathology than patients with a normal radiograph. However, as only 1/9 patients with pneumococcal infection and 2/7 with mycoplasmal infection had radiographic evidence of pneumonia, radiography alone did not seem to offer sufficient information for selecting patients for antibacterial therapy.


Forty-eight of fifty-four patients who had had closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of an unstable fracture of the proximal end of the humerus were available for clinical and roentgenographic follow-up at an average of three years (range, two to seven years) after the operation. According to the point-scale of Saillant et al., the result was good or excellent in thirty-four patients, fair in ten, and poor in four. Four patients had loss of fixation and had repeat fixation with percutaneous pinning after a second closed reduction. Only one of them had a poor result because of malunion. Four patients had a superficial pin-track infection and loosening of pins, one patient had a deep infection, and two had a non-union. Complete avascular necrosis with collapse of the humeral head developed in only two patients. However, eight patients had localized avascular necrosis with transient cyst formation and sclerosis in the humeral head that resolved over one to two years; these were thought to represent subtotal avascular necrosis. Although closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a technically demanding procedure, it offered results in our patients that were comparable with or superior to those after previously described operative methods for the treatment of unstable fractures of the proximal end of the humerus.


Stipulated by a growing interest in the social repercussions of crime control and imprisonment (e.g. Allen et al. 2014; Garland 2001; Travis, Western, and Redburn 2014), this thesis presents a detailed empirical overview of the relationship between solidarity and the collective experience of crime in contemporary European societies, making three original contributions to knowledge. With (a) a theoretical framework that combines Durkheim's classic theory about the solidarity-enhancing effects of punishment with the contemporary framing theory of solidarity by Lindenberg (1998, 2006), the thesis (b) operationalises Garland's (2001, 2000) concept of the 'collective experience of crime' and (c) assesses its potential to impact institutionalised solidarity in the welfare state and citizens' solidarity attitudes in a comparative study of 26 European countries between 1995 and 2010. The theoretical framework argues that the collective experience of crime – consisting of the prevalence of crime, efforts to prevent crime, reactions to crime in the criminal justice system, and the salience of crime in society – is related to social solidarity has the ability to increase and to decrease solidarity, depending on which aspects of solidarity and the collective experience of crime are investigated. These propositions are tested on secondary data from social surveys, reports, sourcebooks, and country-level databases. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses indicate that in accordance to classic Durkheimian theory solidarity among citizens can be stimulated by public discourse about crime and is mainly produced at the expense of offenders. In contrast, welfare state solidarity is higher where penal regimes care for prisoners' wellbeing and pursue reintegrative approaches to criminal justice. Furthermore, visible crime control efforts can highlight the presence of crime in society and decrease trust among citizens. Accordingly, crime control measures should not be seen in isolation from the social, economic, and political life around them, and policy-makers should take into account potential social consequences of crime control.


An 81-year-old female was referred for cochlear implantation due to difficulty communicating in her daily activities despite the use of appropriate amplification. The poorer ear was unable to tolerate amplification for the past 15 years. The open-set sentence-recognition test score in quiet in her "good" ear was 85 percent correct, indicating that the patient was not a traditional cochlear implant candidate. However, the sentence-recognition score in noise at +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio was 0 percent, demonstrating a significant breakdown in the patient's speech understanding in more difficult listening situations. This speech-in-noise score appeared to correlate with the patient's reported communication difficulties as well as with the communicative breakdowns that were observed clinically. The patient underwent cochlear implantation in the better ear. Cochlear implantation in this nontraditional patient provided objective and subjective benefit over hearing aid use.


Multi-tenancy allows diverse agents sharing the infrastructure in the 5th generation of mobile networks. Such a feature calls for more automated and faster planning procedures in order to adapt the network capacity to the varying traffic demand. To achieve these goals, Small Cells offer network providers more flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solutions compared to macrocell deployments. This paper proposes a novel framework for cell planning in multi-tenant Small Cell networks. In this framework, the tenant's contracted capacity is translated to a set of detailed planning specifications over time and space domains in order to efficiently update the network infrastructure and configuration. Based on this, an algorithm is proposed that considers different actions such as adding/removing channels and adding or relocating small cells. The proposed approach is evaluated considering the deployment of a new tenant, where different sets of planning specifications are tested.


The article deals with situation in the field of world outlook, moral and volitional training of Ukrainian swimmers. Practical recommendations regarding world outlook, moral and volitional training of swimmers are given to coaches, directors of sports schools, members of Federation of Swimming of Ukraine, scientists and specialists of educational institutions in the field of physical culture and sport in Ukraine. The aim was reached by means of literature analysis, uninvolved observation of educational work in competitive swimming, and experts' survey. It's determined that educational work in the sport of high performances lacks necessary theoretical and methodological basis at present time. The main task of educational work in sports should become world outlook training that provides first of all an extension sportsmen's and coaches' understanding of social and cultural sense of sport. It's proposed that idea of olympism (that is determined in Olympic Charter) must serve as fundamental concept of educational work. It's assumed that work at recommendations and steps to ensure necessary world outlook and professional competence of the both sportsmen and coaches could be the main direction in the field of modernization of educational work in competitive swimming.


"A man's dying is more the survivor's affair than his own."—Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain When Thomas Mann wrote of death, he recognized that survivors are profoundly affected by the passing of a loved one. To many, this is the ultimate loss. All too often the strain is compounded when the death occurs unexpectedly, forcing survivors to make difficult decisions without knowing many of the wishes of the deceased. A new publication, Last Wishes , hopes to alleviate this stress on family and friends by providing individuals the opportunity to specify their bequests and instructions before death. As one of the authors, Lucinda Knox, observes, "One of the saddest, most stressful times of a person's life— losing a loved one—is made even more difficult by having to make important decisions and search for needed information. Most people don't leave written instructions for their survivors." Last Wishes is a workbook to be


Carrier is a very important element in attached growth process. Development of microorganisms on carrier is called biofilm. Attachment of free floating microorganisms to a surface is how a biofilm develops. The properties of carrier play an important role in development of biofilm and effectiveness of treatment. Carrier is available in many sizes, shapes and materials. These factors are helpful in optimization of the carrier for the best potential performance. Clogging is the major problem in attached growth process. Clogging occurs because of uncontrolled growth of biofilm. Clogging occurs when the carrier fully covered with attached growth and there is no water flow through it. The development of biofilm stops when there is clogging. An effective carrier has to prevent clogging and ensure long-term success such as control the flow of water through the carrier. Carrier that can avoid clogging will increase the effectiveness of the system too. Currently, there are many ongoing researches in attached growth process which leads to continuous improvement in terms of its wastewater treatment efficiency. This study reviews on the studies which have been conducted by researchers on attached growth process.


As SRAM devices are scaled down, the number of variation-induced defective memory cells increases rapidly. Combination of ECC, particularly SECDED, with a redundancy technique can effectively tolerate a high number of defects. While SECDED can repair a defective cell in a block, the block becomes vulnerable to soft errors. This paper proposes SEVA, an original soft-error- and variation-aware cache architecture. SEVA exploits SECDED to tolerate variation-induced defects while preserving high resilience against soft errors. Information about the defectiveness and data dirtiness is maintained for each SECDED block. SEVA allows only the clean data to be stored in defective (but still usable) blocks of a cache. An error occurring in a defective block can be detected and the correct data can be obtained from the lower level of the memory hierarchy. SEVA improves yield and reliability with low overheads


Mental retardation is a frequent cause of intellectual and physical impairment. Several genes associated with mental retardation have been mapped to the X chromosome, among them, there is FMR1. The absence of or mutation in the Fragile Mental Retardation Protein, FMRP, is responsible for the Fragile X syndrome. FMRP is an RNA binding protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. FMRP binds to several mRNAs including its own mRNA at a sequence region containing a G quartet structure. Some of the candidate downstream genes recently identified encode for synaptic proteins. Neuronal studies indicate that FMRP is located at synapses and loss of FMRP affects synaptic plasticity. At the synapses, FMRP acts as a translational repressor and in particular regulates translation of specific dendritic mRNAs, some of which encode cytoskeletal proteins and signal transduction molecules. This action occurs via a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes a small dendritic non-coding neuronal RNA that determines the specificity of FMRP function via a novel mechanism of translational repression. Since local protein synthesis is required for synaptic development and function, this role of FMRP likely underlies some of the behavioural and developmental symptoms of FRAXA patients. Finally we review recent work on the Drosophila system that connects cytoskeleton remodelling and FMRP function.


ABSTRACT Researchers have explored the existence and effects of bias on decision making for decades. Studies indicate that mental health professionals are not immune from unintentional bias in judgments, including those in forensic situations. Custody evaluators should be aware of the pitfalls that exist in clinical decision-making as well as strategies to address them. This article connects existing insights from therapeutic and forensic literature to the field of custody evaluations. An overview of clinical bias in custody evaluation is offered to familiarize practitioners with the range of possible problems. Examples, such as biases inherent in the scientific process and the clinical relationship, are followed with specific recommendations regarding how to address issues of clinical bias during evaluation. Insights are offered for judges and attorneys to improve the quality of reports they receive.


Within the last few years, the interest in the issues of the systems that are to provide financial security in old age has increased, while the inefficiency of pension systems is more and more often perceived as a global problem. The erosion of pension systems is visible mainly in the countries that transformed their economies into market-based ones. An efficient and effective construction of social security systems to prevent the effects of an increased risk of old age has become an important goal of social policy in numerous countries. In this relation, many countries, not only European ones, have carried out pension reforms but still many face the necessity of changing their pension systems. The aim of the paper is, therefore, a synthetic presentation of selected aspects of the current development of one of the elements of pension systems, i. e. open pension funds, and the problems that accompany this development, basing on the example of one of the countries of Central Europe, namely Poland. Also, the perspectives for the development of these funds are presented. The paper contains, inter alia, the results of a representative questionnaire research carried out in 2007 among the customers of pension funds, as well as among the experts on the financial system in Poland. It seems that Polish experience related to the introduction of pension funds to the Polish market in 1999 and the numerous positive phenomena that accompany their development may constitute one of the patterns for implementing reforms and introducing pension funds in other countries.


OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to explore experiences of practising mindfulness in participants within an early intervention for psychosis (EIP) service.

DESIGN
A qualitative research methodology was used - that of grounded theory. This was chosen as it enabled examination of clients' experiences of mindfulness practice.

METHODS
The experience of mindfulness among nine people within an EIP service who had been practising mindfulness for at least 20 weeks was investigated. Semi-structured interviews exploring how mindfulness practice related to psychosis and day-to-day life were recorded verbatim, transcribed, and analysed.

RESULTS
Four main categories emerged: being able to use mindfulness, making sense of mindfulness and coping, relating to people differently, and increased self-understanding and acceptance.

CONCLUSIONS
All participants reported subjective benefits and challenges of mindfulness practice, and gave insights into processes of change. These preliminary data suggest mindfulness can be of use to individuals experiencing their first episode of psychosis.


Many enzyme reactions present instantaneous disorder. These dynamic fluctuations in the enzyme-substrate Michaelis complexes generate a wide range of energy barriers that cannot be experimentally observed, but that determine the measured kinetics of the reaction. These individual energy barriers can be calculated using QM/MM methods, but then the problem is how to deal with this dispersion of energy barriers to provide kinetic information. So far, the most usual procedure has implied the so-called exponential average of the energy barriers. In this paper, we discuss the foundations of this method, and we use the free energy perturbation theory to derive an alternative equation to get the Gibbs free energy barrier of the enzyme reaction. In addition, we propose a practical way to implement it. We have chosen four enzyme reactions as examples. In particular, we have studied the hydrolysis of a glycosidic bond catalyzed by the enzyme Thermus thermophilus β-glycosidase, and the mutant Y284P Ttb-gly, and the hydrogen abstraction reactions from C13 and C7 of arachidonic acid catalyzed by the enzyme rabbit 15-lipoxygenase-1.


Down syndrome is the most common genetic developmental disorder in humans and is caused by partial or complete triplication of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). It is a complex condition which results in multiple lifelong health problems, including varying degrees of intellectual disability and delays in speech, memory, and learning. As both length and quality of life are improving for individuals with Down syndrome, attention is now being directed to understanding and potentially treating the associated cognitive difficulties and their underlying biological substrates. These have included imaging and postmortem studies which have identified decreased regional brain volumes and histological anomalies that accompany early onset dementia. In addition, advances in genome‐wide analysis and Down syndrome mouse models are providing valuable insight into potential targets for intervention that could improve neurogenesis and long‐term cognition. As little is known about early brain development in human Down syndrome, we review recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging that allow non‐invasive visualization of brain macro‐ and microstructure, even in utero. It is hoped that together these advances may enable Down syndrome to become one of the first genetic disorders to be targeted by antenatal treatments designed to 'normalize' brain development.


Faculty and students of science courses at the university level are in a rapid transition from the usual face-to-face to the digital technology-based classes. The new normal teaching integrating digital technology have become burdensome to a few faculties, and yet to some it has become a challenge and quickly pursued training to learn things quickly. Unfortunately, many of the technologies has changed teaching and learning into a certain degree. This study focused on how the quality and character of teaching have been impacted by the integration of digital technology into Biology courses. Faculty and BSc Biology students were purposively selected and interviewed using an inclusion criteria. Audio-recorded interviews on Zoom transcribed manually were thematically analyzed. First cycle coding was done using Nvivo. Evaluation codes, were utilized during the second cycle coding using NVivo. Emerged codes from the evaluative perspective of the researchers and qualitative commentary provided a systematic collection of information of activities related to digital integration, characteristics and outcomes which provided judgment, improve effectiveness, and/or inform decisions about future development plans, programs, and policies. Codes were scored with corresponding magnitude. Positive/negative signs were further used to indicate whether a theme positively/negatively affected respondents, then tabulated and analyzed. The result showed that digital technology integration was significantly correlated with faculty and students' attributes such as age, computer gaming experience. Biology courses need the essential alignment like the TPACK framework and advanced didactics. Digital technologies integration has been plainly limited the effects of teaching as conventional education models need to embrace changes brought about by the pandemic in the post-industrial decline


We sought to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of extracts of Bidens odorata and Brickellia eupatorioides using a model of hyperlipidemia induced in rats by Triton WR-1339 (300mg/kg intraperitoneally). The rats were divided into 5 groups of 3 rats each: normal control group, hyperlipidemic control group, hyperlipidemic with 20 mg/kg atorvastatin, hyperlipidemic with 300 mg/kg B. odorata extract, and hyperlipidemic with 300mg/kg B. eupatorioides extract, respectively. After 10 d of treatment by intragastric administration, the extract of B. odorata caused a significant decrease of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels without altering the liver enzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase. In addition, the extract had antioxidant potential as shown by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique. These findings indicate that B. odorata has potential as a hypolipidemic agent and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.


Electronic portfolios (ePortfolios) were incorporated into the freshman engineering program at Virginia Tech, one of the largest engineering programs in the US, in fall 2004. The addition of the ePortfolio resulted from a successful pilot study conducted as a component of a NSF Bridges for Engineering Education planning grant awarded to Virginia Tech's Engineering Education Department and the School of Education in 2003. This paper will present a review of ePortfolio applications in engineering instruction. Sample assignments and grading rubrics for the Virginia Tech assignments will be discussed. Based on evaluation of the student ePortfolios and surveys of the students and faculty involved, the value of the electronic portfolio in the learning process is analyzed. Recognizing that the expected benefit of the ePortfolio can only be realized if the use of the portfolio is continued throughout the engineering curriculum, the paper will conclude with plans for the inclusion of the ePortfolio in the BioProcess Engineering program of Biological Systems Engineering. These plans are being developed as a component of a NSF Department Level Reform implementation grant awarded to the Departments of Engineering Education and Biological Systems Engineering in September 2004. A goal of this DLR project is to develop a model curriculum that can then be used across the entire college. Use of the ePortfolio is an important part of the assessment component of this 3-year long study.


Purpose
This paper aims to explore a new model to manage small and medium enterprise (SME) clustering process that examines the geographical connectivity conditions within the existing theories on agglomeration. The presented work explores the dynamics governing the decisions related to both the duration and frequency of the different forms of these new clusters.

Design/methodology/approach
A clustering configurator tool is developed to assist managers for the best temporary cluster model. The configurator considers aspects related to the market, industry and classical clustering requirements as well as social capital (SC). Finally, the performance of various temporary clusters under different demand scenarios and operational conditions are studied using numerical simulation.

Findings
The results examined the performance of the new clusters under various internal and external defining indicators against potential economic growth, technology spillover and the new metric of SC. The results offered interesting observations suggesting various recommendations to promote these new models to SMEs as well as how to better manage them.

Research limitations/implications
The presented results are understood in the context of the suggested settings of relationships and scoring weights.

Practical implications
The new form of clusters will help SMEs overcome the feasibility challenge when considering re-locating to existing clusters while reaping many of these clusters benefits. Furthermore, different recommendations for management aimed at enhancing clustering decisions and the efficiency of SMEs in these new setups are presented.

Originality/value
This paper suggests a new clustering management approach that capitalizes on the temporal domain rather than classical space or the digital clusters domains. Also, a new management concept called dynamic matching is suggested. SC is considered among clustering objectives which was disregarded in similar studies.


This letter presents a CMOS wideband variable gain LNA for 28-GHz 5G integrated phased-array transceivers preserving high third-order intercept point (OIP3) at all gain settings. The prototype LNA has three stages providing digitally controlled gain optimized for higher IIP3 at lower gain. The stages are coupled together using double-tuned transformers for maximum group delay flatness. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS process, it achieves 18–26 dB gain at 1-dB gain step with 12–14.5 dBm OIP3 and 3.3–4.3 dB noise figure, while consuming 21.5–31.4 mW across 26–33 GHz frequency range. The root-mean-square error of the gain steps is less than 0.38 dB.


Two 59-year-old male patients with COVID-19 pneumonia developed pulmonary cavitation with air-fluid level, accompanied by right-sided chest pain several weeks after first onset of symptoms. Considering a possible bacterial abscess formation, both patients were started on antibiotics. No microbiological pathogen was detected in further investigations (sputum analysis, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and CT-guided drainage of the cavitation). Histopathological analysis of the drained fluid was non-specific, and the aetiology remained not fully understood. We report pulmonary cavitation as a rare finding in late stage COVID-19 pneumonia. As both our patients presented with localised chest pain prior to detection of the lesions, new onset of this symptom should warrant further investigation.


In the last fifteen years to twenty years there has been an extraordinary upsurge of interest in Jewish history in Germany. For a long time attention was focused almost entirely on questions of persecution, anti-Semitism and the Holocaust; but since the 1980s there has been more wide-ranging and also more intensive preoccupation with Jewish history. However, this applies only to a very limited extent to the Jewish communities in Germany, which have now grown again. At least half the present members are Russian immigrants who have arrived in the past twenty years; only a few members are still connected through their family background to German-Jewish history of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The new interest in Jewish history stems very largely from educated non-Jews - in Germany they are the main audience for the public events and publications on this theme, and most of the scholars, writers, journalists and cultural managers working in this field are also recruited from this group. Not only in the USA but also in Germany, though on a much smaller scale, the number of professorships and institutes for Jewish history and culture has risen considerably, and students' interest in these subjects continues to grow. The workshops for doctoral candidates in German-Jewish history spanning several days which I conducted on behalf of the Leo Baeck Institute from 1991 to 1999 were attended by a total of 133 doctoral candidates from 45 German and 12 foreign universities. These included - with neighbouring disciplines taken into account - almost 110 dissertation projects in the field of modern German-Jewish history. This work is now being continued, no less successfully, by Michael Brenner, Professor of Jewish History and Culture at Munich University.


It seems to me that attending a conference is a very personal experience. I well recall that as I travelled back from Tasmania by the Empress of Australia and left the Elysium that is Hobart and thought of the rat race to which I would be returning, I wondered if I did not want to turn around, as soon as I arrived at Balmain, and go back to Hobart. A conference in this kind of setting spreads an umbrella of euphoria over you and everything is very unreal. You see and hear only those things that have meaning and purpose for you. So much else is filtered out. Consequently it is not possible for me to be able to present to you the distillation of five days of deliberations in just half an hour. I can only give you the euphoric consequences or impressions it made on me and I hope that these have some meaning for you.


A multilayer thermodynamic model is used to simulate sea ice growth for 12 years between 1958 and 1986 in the vicinity of the Australian station Mawson on the coast of East Antarctica. The atmospheric forcing data for the model are derived from radiosonde profiles and from surface measurements. Global radiation data are available for 4 years, and we use these measurements for comparison with the results of a Zillman-type model for global radiation. Combining the thermodynamic model with sea ice thickness measurements for 12 years, we solve the energy balance equation for the oceanic heat flux. The oceanic heat flux is not constant but changes with time within the year and from year to year. The oceanic heat flux averages 7.9 W/m2, and the yearly means vary between 5 and 12 W/m2. Seasonal values of the oceanic heat flux range from 0 to 18 W/m2. From the yearly averaged values a decadal trend is evident: During the first years that were analyzed the yearly average lies well above 10 W/m2; then in the mid-1970s a decrease to 9 W/m2 occurs, while for all later years the values are ∼6–8 W/m2. In general, the oceanic heat flux increases from the start of the fast ice formation season in early April until it breaks out in December or January. To compare the calculated oceanic heat fluxes for different years, we divide the total ice season into three characteristic time regimes of the sea ice growth and calculate the averaged oceanic heat fluxes for each regime. For the first regime (through August) the mean flux is 2.7 W/m2, for the middle regime (September) it is 8.4 W/m2, and for the final regime (October–January) it is 17 W/m2. We discuss the results of our model calculations in conjunction with current meter observations, which give evidence of seasonally varying intrusions of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water into Prydz Bay. Comparison of passive microwave data of sea ice extent and concentration (from the scanning multichannel microwave radiometer sensor) with the model results reveals a correlation between the magnitude of the oceanic heat flux and local features such as polynyas.


A parametric experimental study of fluctuations has been performed in L-mode plasmas during steady-state phases in Tore Supra. Simultaneous measurements of density and magnetic fluctuations in the gradient region of the discharge show that both components are strong functions of the local electron temperature decreasing lengths. The wavenumber spectrum of density fluctuations is obtained with the scattering diagnostic both in the bulk and at the edge of the discharge. In the bulk, in the L-mode compared to ohmic plasmas, the k spectrum increases below and is globally shifted towards low k values. At the edge (r/a > 0.9) an increase on all k values is observed. At r/a = 0.5, the level of both types of fluctuations is found to be linearly correlated with the local heat diffusivity . The heat flux ratio advected by electrostatic eddies in the bulk of the discharge is estimated by using fluctuation measurements and generic predictions for the parametric dependency of the thermal flux. The calculated level of density fluctuation necessary to account for the heat transport at midradius is found to be compatible with values measured in other tokamaks. It is also found that the heat flux ratio behaviour conducted by electrostatic fluctuations is compatible with most of the experimental heat flux ratio behaviour in the plasma core (0.4 < r/a < 0.6). This property does not hold at the edge of the plasma (r/a = 0.7). The similar parametric dependency of magnetic and density fluctuation level does not allow one to make a clear statement about their relative importance in the transport process and suggests that they could be coupled.


-- Winterkill occurs when drought conditions expose hibernating turtles to desiccation and leth<vly cold temperatures. Winterkill is thought to represent a major source of mortality in northern populations of the painted turtle (Chrysemys piela), but few field observations are available. We herein reported on catastrophic winterkill among western painted turtle (c. pieta bellii) at Limestone Butte Lake (LBL) in western South Dakota during the winter of 2003-2004. Additionally, we used the carcasses of winterkilled turtles (n = 86) to estimate the standing crop biomass of the painted turtle at LBL (0.6 kg/ha). This was the only estimate of biomass available for a painted turtle population in South Dakota and one of only two for the Great Plains; furthermore, it was the lowest estimate from anywhere in North America. We attributed this to several factors, including the painted turtle probably began emigrating from LBL in response to receding water levels before the winterkill event of 2003-2004.


Theories which modify general relativity to explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe often use screening mechanisms to satisfy constraints on Solar System scales. We investigate the effects of the cosmic web and the local environmental density of dark matter halos on the screening properties of the Vainshtein and chameleon screening mechanisms. We compare the cosmic web morphology of dark matter particles, mass functions of dark matter halos, mass and radial dependence of screening, velocity dispersions and peculiar velocities, and environmental dependence of screening mechanisms in f(R) and nDGP models. Using the ORIGAMI cosmic web identification routine we find that the Vainshtein mechanism depends on the cosmic web morphology of dark matter particles, since these are defined according to the dimensionality of their collapse, while the chameleon mechanism shows no morphology dependence. The chameleon screening of halos and their velocity dispersions depend on halo mass, and small halos and subhalos can be environmentally screened in the chameleon mechanism. On the other hand, the screening of halos in the Vainshtein mechanism does not depend on mass nor environment, and their velocity dispersions are suppressed. The peculiar velocities of halos in the Vainshtein mechanism are enhanced because screened objects can still feel the fifth force generated by external fields, while peculiar velocities of chameleon halos are suppressed when the halo centers are screened.


Few studies have analysed the biogeography of mountain aquatic organisms, although this habitat provides stable conditions in which many species survived Pleistocene climatic oscillations, usually in the geographical vicinity of their present distribution ranges. The mountain caddisfly Rhyacophila aquitanica was selected as a model organism for this habitat type. Morphological measurements of genitalia and external characters of male individuals were obtained from almost the entire range of distribution of the species. Morphometric results were analysed by cluster analysis and multivariate statistics. Important differences were discovered among three population groups of R. aquitanica inhabiting different European mountain ranges: (i) mountain ranges north-west of the Alps (Massif Central, Vosges, Schwarzwald and Fribourg); (ii) the southern Alps (Lombardia and Carinthia); and (iii) the western part of the southern Carpathians. This divergence suggests a long-term isolation among these groups, which presumably took place long before the last Pleistocene glaciation, with no secondary contact among these populations. The differentiation centres of the southern Alps and Carpathian groups may have been mostly homotopic to their actual ranges, whereas the western group must have been distributed in the areas west or north-west of the Alps with secondary expansions and disjunctions.


Until recently, different metals have been adopted as the electrode materials for MoOx/Si photodetectors and solar cells, but the influence of these different metals has not been investigated. We have systematically studied and proved that the choice of metal has a great impact on optoelectronic performance. Ag and Al with similar low work functions display similar current–voltage behavior before and after the introduction of MoOx; whereas Au and Ni which own similar high work functions lead to another type of current–voltage behavior. MoOx in the metal/MoOx/Si samples brings the superior diode behavior with an enhanced responsivity and decreased dark current as compared with the metal/Si samples. The choice of Ag as the top electrode on MoOx/Si has low alloying or defect formation with the MoOx/Si structure preventing the deterioration of the diode behavior, and the large downward band bending in MoOx at the Ag/MoOx junction facilitates the multitunnelling capture emission. This leads to high responsivity while maintaining the low dark current.


feature has greatly facilitated venepuncture in patients in whom the extremities were habitually cold, the veins contracted and impalpable, even in warm surroundings. Since the exhibition of chlorpromazine considerably reduces the amount of thiopentone required to abolish consciousness, recovery time is not significantly retarded; this would suggest that, in suitably selected cases, the drug could be used safely in this way for ambulant patients.-We are, etc., J. D. W. PEARCE.


The process of migration into resonance capture has been well studied for planetary systems where the gravitational potential is generated exclusively by the star and planets. However, massive protoplanetary disks add a significant perturbation to these models. In this paper we consider two limiting cases of disk-induced precession on migrating planets and find that small amounts of precession significantly affect the equilibrium reached by migrating planets. We investigate these effects with a combination of semianalytic models of the resonance and numerical integrations. We also consider the case of the disk's dispersal, which can excite significant libration amplitude and can cause ejection from resonance for large enough precession rates. Both of these effects have implications for interpreting the known exoplanet population and may prove to be important considerations as the population of well-characterized exoplanet systems continues to grow.


Although recent descriptions of ויהי have identified a number of plausible functions that this construction may fulfill, they seldom provide clearly defined criteria for interpreting specific occurrences. This paper illustrates that, if one systematically takes (1) the syntactic distribution of ויהי, (2) the semantic features of the clauses or phrases following ויהי, (3) recent advances in the description of the temporal relationships that are engaged in narratives, and (4) the position of ויה plus phrase or clause in a scene or episode, formulating such criteria is indeed possible.


FEDERAL RESEARCHA National Academy of Sciences (NAS) panel asked to help federal agencies evaluate their R&D efforts in accord with a 1993 law has concluded that such evaluations are useful--if done properly. The report, written by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (COSEPUP), a joint panel of NAS, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, recommends the use of outside experts to look at the quality, relevance, and international ranking of research funded by government agencies that must follow the 1993 Government Performance and Results Act. Some scientists have complained that the law, intended to make sure that tax dollars are being spent wisely, could trivialize basic research by forcing agencies to demand short-term, quantitative results.


A case of fluvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis after coadministration of colchicine is reported. A 77 year old man with ischemic heart disease, chronic pericardial effusion, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, chronic renal failure (stage 2 of classification of chronic kidney disease of National Kidney Foundation) and chronic gout presented with a generalized muscle pain. The patient had been taking 80 mg/day of fluvastatin for 4 years, and, for four weeks before presentation, he had also been taking a dose of colchicine (1.0 mg daily) for an exacerbation of gout. Investigations confirmed the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Discontinuation of fluvastatin and colchicine therapy and adequate fluid administration resulted in the resolution of clinical and biochemical features of rhabdomyolysis. Although neuromuscular adverse effects of fluvastatin and colchicine are well recognized, rhabdomyolysis is rare, making this is only the second case reported of fluvastatin and colchicine co-administration induced rhabdomyolysis in literature.


Industrial solid waste (ISW) is increasing in both quantity and complexity, and it is a priority to establish strategies in order to manage it. Reverse Logistics (RL) is a strategy that enables material recovery and reuse, avoiding the damage that ISW may cause; it also organizes solid waste management activities and supports other activities such as ISW trading. Most of the research linking ISW and RL in developed countries is related to the electronics subsector due to the negative effects on the environment; however, research oriented towards plastics subsector waste is lower. This is the case in Colombia, where the plastics subsector is composed mainly by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) facing diverse constraints for their operation. Main facilitators and barriers that face SMEs in the Colombian plastics subsector to undertake RL programs were identified. An exploratory study in which business managers assessed facilitators and barriers identified in scientific literature was carried out. The results showed that the availability of skilled people to perform RL activities is one of the most important internal facilitators, and that the lack of secondary markets for recovered materials is among the external barriers. The findings contribute to the body of knowledge in the field that is still maturing in Colombia.


The study of two late Oligocene-early Miocene stratigraphic sections of alluvial and shallow lacustrine facies in the SE Ebro Basin has enabled the establishment of a high-resolution magnetostratigraphy for the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. The studied samples include alluvial sandstones and mudstones as well as shallow lacustrine limestones. A total of 121 stratigraphic levels, with an average sample spacing of -2.5 m, were sampled in two sections, using a portable gasoline powered dril1 machine. Core samples were cut in the laboratory into two or three standard specimens of 2.54 cm diameter X 2.1 cm in length. A minimum of two specimens per site were thermally or AF demagnetized in 8-9 steps at intervals of 50°C or 30°C, and intervals of 2.5 mT and 5 mT, respectively. The magnetic polarity zonation of the sections have been correlated to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) allowing the recognition of Chrons 9r, 9n, 8r and 8n in the Mina Pilar section, and Chrons 6Cr, 6Cn, 6Br, 6Bn and 6AAr in the Valcuerna section. On the basis of magnetostratigraphic correlation it is deduced an interval of sedimentation time of -1.6 Ma for the Mina Pilar section, and 1.7-1.9 Ma for the Valcuerna section.


Purpose: To realize the high production of recombinant human microplasminogen (r-mPlg) with Pichia pastoris and demonstrate the efficacy of r-mPlg in inducing posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Methods: Recombinant plasmid pAO815-3mPlg was constructed and transformed into SMD1168 cells. Positive recombinant clones were selected with MD plate and cultured in BMG medium, then induced in BMM medium. A protein band corresponding to mPlg with molecular mass of 29 kDa was revealed in SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blot. Anion-exchange chromatography and plasminogen activity assay kit were used to obtain purified r-mPlg with biological activity. Twenty eyes of freshly slaughtered pigs were divided into 4 groups, 5 eyes in each group. Group 1 served as normal control. Intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml BSS, 1000 IU/0.1 ml recombinant streptokinase (r-SK) and 1000 IU/0.1 ml r-SK plus 3 U/0.1 ml r-mPlg was done respectively to groups 2, 3, and 4. After incubation at 37°C for 60 min, all eyes were processed for light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: r-mPlg, which has potential fibrinolytic activity, was successfully obtained with yield of 30 mg/L and purity of 97%. PVD was demonstrated by SEM in group 4 but not in other three groups. The retina and the inner limiting membrane (ILM) were well preserved in all eyes. Conclusion: r-mPlg, which has potential fibrinolytic activity, can be produced through Pichia pastoris expression system. Three U of r-mPlg combined with 1000 IU r-SK was effective in producing PVD without damaging the retina.


'Abstract. This paper is based on the 1989 Miller Memorial Lecture at Stanford University. The topic was chosen because of Rupert Miller's long involvement and significant contributions to multiple comparison procedures and theory. Our emphasis will be on the major questions that have received relatively little attention-on what one wants multiple comparisons to do, on why one wants to do that, and on how one can communicate the results. Very little attention will be given to how the results can be calculated-after all, there are books about that (e.g., Miller, 1966, 1981; Hochberg and Tamhane, 1987).


Jastrzebski, J., Sykes, M. K., and Woods, D. G. (1974).Thorax, 29, 534-538. Cardiorespiratory effects of protamine after cardiopulmonary bypass in man. The cardiorespiratory changes following the injection of protamine sulphate (6 mg/kg) were studied in 15 patients who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass. There was a transient fall in arterial pressure and a more prolonged increase in pulmonary artery pressure. There was a significant fall in arterial oxygen tension which was mainly due to a reduction in mixed venous oxygen tension resulting from a fall in cardiac output. Dead space/tidal volume ratio and percentage shunt did not change significantly.


The case survey method and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) are two well-established research approaches in a number of research disciplines. They have recently made their way into information systems (IS) research. The case survey method is aimed at comparing previously published case studies, conventionally, using various statistical analysis methods. In turn, QCA relies on set theory, which allows deriving different configurations based on qualitative data corresponding to cases translated into set membership. Several authors have started to combine these two methods. However, so far there is no formalized approach on how to combine them. In this paper, we present a formalized approach to integrate the two methods and demonstrate how this approach can be used to resolve several limitations intrinsic to these methods when being employed on their own. We furthermore discuss the potential of applying our approach for IS research and discuss the proposed approach's limitations.


The par region of the broad-host-range, IncP alpha plasmid RK2 has been implicated as a stability determinant by its ability to enhance the maintenance of mini-RK2 plasmids or heterologous replicons in a growing population of host cells. The region consists of two operons: parCBA, which encodes a multimer resolution system, and parDE, which specifies a postsegregational response mechanism that is toxic to plasmidless segregants. To assess the importance of this region to the stable maintenance of the complete RK2 plasmid in different hosts, we used the vector-mediated excision (VEX) deletion system to specifically remove the entire par region or each operon separately from an otherwise intact RK2 plasmid carrying a lacZ marker. The par region was found to be important to stable maintenance of RK2lac (pRK2526) in Escherichia coli and five other gram-negative hosts (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Azotobacter vinelandii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Caulobacter crescentus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). However, the relative importance of the parCBA and parDE operons varied from host to host. Deletion of parDE had no effect on the maintenance of pRK2526 in A. calcoaceticus, but it severely reduced pRK2526 maintenance in A. vinelandii and resulted in significant instability in the other hosts. Deletion of parCBA did not alter pRK2526 stability in E. coli, A. tumefaciens, or A. vinelandii but severely reduced plasmid maintenance in A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa. In the latter two hosts and C. crescentus, the delta parCBA mutant caused a notable reduction in growth rate in the absence of selection for the plasmid, indicating that instability resulting from the absence of parCBA may trigger the postsegregational response mediated by parDE. We also examined the effect of the conjugal transfer system on RK2 maintenance in E. coli. Transfer-defective traJ and traG mutants of pRK2526 were stably maintained in rapidly growing broth cultures. On solid medium, which should be optimal for IncP-mediated conjugation, colonies from cells containing the pRK2526 tra mutants displayed significant numbers of white (Lac-) sectors on X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) plates, whereas sectors appeared rarely in colonies from tra+ plasmid-containing cells. Both the traJ and traG mutations further reduced the maintenance of the already unstable deltapar derivative. Thus, these experiments with defined mutations in an intact RK2 plasmid have revealed (i) that the par region allows RK2 to adapt to the different requirements for stable maintenance in various hosts and (ii) that conjugal transfer can contribute to the maintenance of RK2 in a growing population, particularly under conditions that are favorable to RK2 transfer.


Following standard macroeconomic theory, a non-increasing long-run share of labor in income combined with a capital-labor substitution elasticity of less than unity implies that productivity growth should be labor-augmenting. Employing an industry decomposition for the U.S., we find that technical progress is factor neutral. However, we stress potential inflation measurement errors manifested in the form of non-positive long-term productivity growth in a number of industries. We illustrate that estimates of the bias of technical change are quite sensitive to these measurement issues. If aggregate inflation is annually overstated by as little as a third of a percentage point, technical progress is already over 50 percent higher in the labor-intensive sector than in the capital-intensive sector. Thus, even the presence of small positive inflation biases could very well mean that technical change is notably labor augmenting. JEL: E1, E13, E31, O31


Experimental data are presented on the effect of broadband irradiation in the terahertz range, modulated in the gigahertz range, on the survival of mice that have received acute poisoning with depleted uranium compounds. For the first time, the results indicate a clinically significant increase in the life span of mice, the control terms for the development of end-stage renal disease and death, as well as an increase in the survival of mice by 50%. Long-term consequences that form in the period after therapy with antidotes / chelators of toxic metals can be prevented or significantly weakened by the proposed method of physiotherapy, which can solve many problems facing society, both in ensuring occupational health and the health of the population as a whole in case of accidents at nuclear power facilities. Keywords: occupational health, broadband terahertz irradiation, GHz modulation, poisoning with depleted uranium compounds, mouse survival.


The study was designed to examine the invitro antioxidant activities of various extracts of aerial parts of Chomelia asiatica. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, Super Oxide Anion Scavenging Activity with reference standard Rutin, Quercetin respectively and estimate the amount of total phenol. The ethyl acetate extract of Chomelia asiatica was found to more effective in the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 of the ethyl acetate extract of Chomelia asiatica and Rutin were found to be 460μg/ml and 480μg/ml respectively. An IC50 value was found that ethyl acetate extract of Chomelia asiatica is more effective in scavenging superoxide radical than that of methanol and petroleum ether extract. But when compare to the all the three extracts with Quercetin (standard), the ethyl acetate extract of the Chomelia asiatica showed the similar result. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract of Chomelia asiatica was found to contain a noticeable amount of total phenols, which play a major role in controlling antioxidants. It is concluded that a aerial parts of ethyl acetate extract of Chomelia asiatica, which contains large amounts of phenolic compounds, exhibits high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. These in vitro assays indicate that this plant extracts is a significant source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.


ABSTRACT In the last two decades, an increasing number of organizations have shifted from using the design-bid-build delivery method (DBB) to alternative project delivery methods (APDMs). This shift requires changes for both the organizations and the individuals involved. This study provides guidelines detailing how to lead APDM adoption at the organizational level through using a change management perspective. The guidelines were developed based on analyzing the results of semi-structured interviews with nine individuals. The participants were industry professionals who were selected because their organizations had successfully adopted APDMs. The findings from the interviews indicate that the best opportunity to implement APDMs successfully is available through using four phases. The phases are preparing and planning, pilot project testing the project, expanding to the intended scale and sustaining and evaluating. The phases include specific organizational change management (OCM) practices that increase the probability of successful APDM adoption. This study contributes to organizational change in the AEC industry by explaining how OCM practices are used to implement APDMs successfully. This study also contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing guidelines that can help public owner organizations as they consider adopting APDMs for the first time.


Renewable energies are necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in energy production, and biomass plays a dominant role in the renewable energy sector. Combustion of biomass constitutes an efficient conversion technique, but is hindered by harmful elements which are frequently contained in residual grassland biomass. We investigated the effect of leaching on solid fuel quality with three independent experiments including the following treatments: (1) with or without leaching, (2) with leaching at various water to silage ratios and (3) with the use of press liquid versus fresh water. Biomass was mechanically dehydrated and press cakes for combustion were produced and analyzed for their concentrations of ash, N and minerals harmful for combustion. Solid fuel quality was improved by leaching prior to dewatering, and the application of higher proportions of fresh water enabled even higher quality to be attained.


Islamic incompatibility is a core discourse of fringe political parties, mostly from the right of the political spectrum, who have agitated against religious diversity and also against immigration of Muslims, especially from certain parts of the world. Smaller scale political alliances, against mosque developments, private Islamic schools or halal certification, also draw heavily on this pre-supposition. Despite the preponderance of such despondent commentary, there is surprisingly little by way of empirical analysis of this assumption of incompatibility. This paper draws on a community survey (n:585) and the results show high rates intercultural mixing in workplaces, educational settings and socially, with little evidence for separatism. These Australian Muslims have very positive views about cultural diversity, most perceive there to be consistency between Islam and Australian norms, and they see themselves as Australian. Those with stronger levels of religiosity have even more positive views on diversity and consistency. We offer two explanations, one based on official multiculturalism, and the other on tenets of Islamic thinking on toleration and moderation.


In the world of things and doings, mandatory is a human invention for the times when optional and free-will do NOT get things done. When quality of life gains momentum to catch on with the age-old run for quantity of life, the medical education, medical decision-making and medical policy-making do NOT leave an option for medical practitioners but to follow the mandate as required and warranted by society they cater for. Herein I want to review and discuss some of those potential mandates for practitioners of medicine from the perspective of (a) a person who can be in the hot seat of a patient himself, (b) a physician who can be caught in the dubious scenarios of treating patients similar to himself, and (c) a medical teacher-researcher who till recently as an inquisitive medical student was himself delving with similar questions for the system. In a nutshell, this is my perspective from my limited understanding that basic life support (BLS) training and end-of-life care (EOLC) policy are in need for mandate to being made mandatory whereas medical research requirements (MRR) are in need to be made optional without covert-overt penalties.


In the UAV flight, due to the influence of attitude jitter and sensor gyro error, the flight stability is not good. In order to improve the flight stability of the UAV, a new control method of flight is proposed based on micro inertial attitude adjustment, gyroscope, and other sensitive elements are used for information acquisition of attitude data of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Error compensation and filtering is taken based on sensor data of micro AHRS reading, the deflection correction and control of attitude angle are carried out by using high-precision sensor gyroscope, Euler angle method is used to calculate attitude angle, and the collected original data of acceleration and magnetometer is processed by Kalman filtering, multi sensor information fusion method is used for UAV micro inertial attitude adjustment. According to the updated information fusion parameter output, Kalman equation update is taken and flight stability control of unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained. The simulation results show that, the control method has good stability in flight attitude adjustment of UAV, which can realize accurate attitude positioning of UAV, and improve the accuracy and reliability of flight attitude positioning control.


The use of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools has had a major impact on the productivity and quality of products (software) by providing automated support for tasks involving analysis, design, error checking, consistency validation, documentation, reliable code generation through tests, and integration. A wide variety of such tools is available on the market and these vary in their ability to provide support for the different stages or activities of the life cycle, and in the degree of integration and cost. The purpose of this article is to present the development of a Decision Support System to assist in selecting CASE tools. The system incorporates the integration of two technology-oriented decision models and the organization of each of them. These models cover a series of metrics on which the decision-making process will be based. These two models were developed and adapted to meet Venezuelan organizations' need for this type of technology. This need is the reflection of a complex process in which there are different underlying criteria.


Cancers of diverse origins exhibit marked glucose avidity and high rates of aerobic glycolysis. Increased understanding of this dysfunctional metabolism known as the Warburg effect has led to an interest in targeting it for cancer therapy. One promising strategy for such targeting is glycoconjugation, the linking of a drug to glucose or another sugar. This review summarizes the most salient examples of glycoconjugates, in which known cytotoxins or targeted anticancer therapeutics have been linked to glucose (or another glucose transporter substrate sugar) for improved cancer targeting and selectivity. Building on these examples, this review also provides a series of guidelines for the design and mechanistic evaluation of future glycoconjugates.


This paper suggests a pedagogical approach to teaching the subject of the analysis of feedback amplifiers for electrical engineering students at the undergraduate level. Special attention is given to derivation of the input and output impedances. In order to make the procedure clear and suitable for classroom presentation an alternative proof of the Blackman's Impedance Relation is derived to stand in accord with feedback amplifier analysis methodology presented earlier. The proposed analysis technique is algorithmic, comprehensive, suited to any feedback topology, and is especially useful in cases that do not readily stand out as one of four canonical cases of feedback. The methodology is demonstrated by examples, and supported by comparison with simulation and other theoretical results.


The distribution of bare singulars in Norwegian was thoroughly examined in Borthen (2003). The present paper outlines an account of these data in a type-logical semantics of the Neo-Carlsonian kind. The focus is primarily on the syntax-semantics interface, which here, somewhat simplified, amounts to assigning semantic types in the appropriate sortal domain to bare singulars. I argue that bare singulars can have their denotation both in the domain of ordinary individuals and kinds. Furthermore, they can either be used with their property type or function as names. This explains why bare singulars can be both predicates and arguments. Concerning bare singulars in the direct object position, the phenomenon of incorporation also seems to play a role. The various restrictions on the use of bare singulars can basically be accounted for in terms of competition with more marked grammatical forms, notably (in)definite DPs.


The capacity of uniform hypergraphs can be defined as a natural generalization of the Shannon capacity of graphs. Corresponding to every uniform hypergraph there is a discrete memoryless channel in which the zero error capacity, in the case of the smallest list size for which it is positive, equals the capacity of the hypergraph, and vice versa. Also, the problem of perfect hashing can be considered as a hypergraph capacity problem. Upper bounds are derived for the capacity of uniform hypergraphs, using a technique developed earlier for perfect hashing based on the concepts of graph entropy and hypergraph entropy. These are subadditive functionals on probabilistic graphs and hypergraphs (i.e. graphs and hypergraphs within a probability distribution given on their vertex sets). A modified version of this technique is given, replacing graph entropy by another subadditive functional on probabilistic graphs. This functional can be considered as a probabilistic refinement of Lovasz's delta -functional. >


Nutrients in soil covered by Carex exserta sod and in adjacent unvegetated gravel areas were compared at Siberian Outpost, Sequoia National Park, California. The comparisons were part of a study to learn if Carex exserta meadow can be reestablished and if herbaceous cover on gravel areas can be increased. Grazing capacity and aesthetic appeal of denuded areas would be improved by better vegetative cover. The sod had higher concentrations of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen, potassium, and zinc than did the gravel areas. And it had a higher soil pH and percent organic matter. Sod and gravel did not differ in concentrations of phosphorus and sulfur. The differences were as might be expected between climax and badly deteriorated (or early seral) situations, and the results suggest that fertilization may be a useful treatment.


Qualified deaf interpreters (DIs) are starting to enter the sign language interpreting market in Norway. This poses a challenge for both the interpreter profession and interpreting agencies, which have thus far provided work for hearing interpreters offering interpreting services for deaf individuals, not by them. This explorative study shows that more information is needed regarding the way in which DIs influence the interpreting market. At the same time, hearing interpreters see opportunities for their own professional development when collaborating with DIs, specifically for the improvement of their own linguistic and cultural competences


The confinement properties of a reversed-field pinch (RFP) device are limited by the high level of magnetic stochasticity produced by the interaction of tearing modes in the plasma core. A way to reduce the core magnetic stochasticity is the application of the pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD) technique. By applying the PPCD, tearing modes are stabilized, magnetic stochasticity and turbulence are reduced and hence the confinement is enhanced. In the TPE-RX device, standard RFP plasmas are characterized by magnetic and electrostatic edge turbulence dominated by intermittent phenomena; on the contrary, the improved confinement regime generated by the PPCD is characterized by turbulence with a self-similar nature. We show that the increase in τp is well correlated with the change in the nature of both the magnetic and the electrostatic turbulence. While plasmas with low confinement are dominated by intermittent events and by magnetic and electrostatic activity with a non-self-similar nature, plasmas with high confinement show turbulence with a self-similar character.


Metabolic alkalosis is an increase in blood pH to >7.45 due to a primary increase in serum bicarbonate (HCO3−). Metabolic alkalosis results from alkali accumulation or acid loss, and it is associated with a secondary increase in carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO2). Metabolic alkalosis is a common acid-base disorder, especially in critically ill patients. The pathogenesis of chronic metabolic alkalosis includes two derangements, generation of metabolic alkalosis via gain of alkali or loss of acid and maintenance of metabolic alkalosis by increased tubular HCO3− reabsorption (failure of the kidneys to excrete excess alkali). Metabolic alkalosis is the most common acid-base disorder in hospitalized patients, particularly in the surgical critical care unit. Mortality increases as pH increases.


Direct‐path acoustic measurements between seafloor transponders observed no significant extension (−10±14 mm/yr) from August 1994 to September 1996 at the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge (44°40′ N and 130°20′ W). The acoustic path for the measurement is a 691‐m baseline straddling the axial cleft, which bounds the Pacific and Juan de Fuca plates. Given an expected full‐spreading rate of 56 mm/yr, these data suggest that extension across this plate boundary occurs episodically within the narrow (∼ 1 km) region of the axial valley floor, and that active deformation is occurring between the axial cleft and the plate interior. A cleft‐parallel 714‐m baseline located 300 m to the west of the cleft on the Pacific plate monitored system performance and, as expected, observed no motion (+5±7 mm/yr) between the 1994 and 1996 surveys.


In this paper, we analyze batch normalization from the perspective of discriminability and find the disadvantages ignored by previous studies: the difference in $l_2$ norms of sample features can hinder batch normalization from obtaining more distinguished inter-class features and more compact intra-class features. To address this issue, we propose a simple yet effective method to equalize the $l_2$ norms of sample features. Concretely, we $l_2$-normalize each sample feature before feeding them into batch normalization, and therefore the features are of the same magnitude. Since the proposed method combines the $l_2$ normalization and batch normalization, we name our method $L_2$BN. The $L_2$BN can strengthen the compactness of intra-class features and enlarge the discrepancy of inter-class features. The $L_2$BN is easy to implement and can exert its effect without any additional parameters or hyper-parameters. We evaluate the effectiveness of $L_2$BN through extensive experiments with various models on image classification and acoustic scene classification tasks. The results demonstrate that the $L_2$BN can boost the generalization ability of various neural network models and achieve considerable performance improvements.


In this paper, voltage dips (an important aspect of power quality) are presented in the context of ship power systems. Voltage dips are analyzed with respect to their origin (fault, motor starting, transformer saturation) considering the characteristics of the on-board installations. Emphasis is given to voltage dips and power quality issues of the all electric ship. Related issues are presented and discussed.