Background: Thyroid gland involvement and invasion during larynx and hypopharynx cancers is rare, but due to the anatomical closeness of the thyroid gland and the larynx, it could occur through local invasion. Thyroidectomy is usually performed in patients with thyroid gland involvement having larynx and hypopharyngeal cancers. A lot of controversies exist regarding the thyroid gland involvement and efficiency of a different kind of thyroidectomy intraoperatively in these types of cancers. Objectives: Thus, elucidating the exact role of thyroidectomy, its efficiency, and parameters associated with thyroid gland involvement is critical in treating the patients with the larynx and hypopharyngeal cancers. Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of 117 patients admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital from 2001 to 2015 with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma, who underwent laryngectomy with or without thyroidectomy as a primary treatment of cancer, were evaluated. Several parameters, including gender, prevalence, location of the thyroid gland and lymph node involvement, the exact type of malignancy, differentiation stage of the tumor cells, the exact method of thyroidectomy, thyroid function, and its post-surgical cancer recurrence were assessed. Results: The prevalence of laryngeal cancers was significantly higher in males than females and most of the malignancies were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The location of the malignancy was mostly at supraglottis, glottis, transglottis, and subglottis, respectively. The rate of thyroid gland involvement was approximately 11.96%. Lobectomy was performed in 57.14 %, total thyroidectomy was performed in 35.71 %, and in 7.14% of the patients, and thyroidectomy was not performed. After the initial surgery, out of 11.96% of all patients with thyroid gland involvement, 28.5% had a recurrence of the thyroid gland. Only 21% of the patients with thyroid gland involvement had hypothyroidism after the surgery. Conclusions: The rate of thyroid gland involvement in the pathology report after surgery was approximately 3.41% of the thyroid gland involvement, which is low. We concluded that thyroidectomy is a very efficient way, but it should be limited to cases of subglottic or transglobic involvement or in cases of bilateral tumors, high staging, post-cricoid involvement, and clear radiological evidence or in the event of muscle involvement.


I. THE GENUS DIMORPHOCERAS

The genus Dimorphoceras was established by Hyatt ( 6 , p. 331) on the evidence afforded by the illustrations and descriptions of Goniatites gilbertsoni Phillips ( 12 , p. 236, pl. 20, figs. 27–31) and G. looneyi Phillips ( 12 , p. 236, pl. 20, figs. 32–35).

In 1897 Foord and Crick ( 5 , p. 219) selected the first-named species as the genotype, and of this species they refigured one of Phillips' type-specimens ( 5 , p. 221, text-fig. 105a) along with an end-on view and a suture line drawn from other specimens; unfortunately the locality has not been recorded but it is supposed to be in the neighbourhood of Bolland. Dr. L. F. Spath has kindly compared specimens from the Beyrichoceras beds at Dinckley with type material in the British Museum and says these are similar, so that it can be taken as probable that the horizon of D. gilbertsoni (Phillips) is high in Zone B.

Previous diagnoses of genus: Hyatt ( 6 , p. 331) defined the genus as follows:—" Species with involute compressed whorls and sutures quite distinct from those of Nomismoceras on account of their peculiar siphonal saddles, narrow first pair of saddles and divided lobes, but resembling them closely in their magnosellarian saddles and general aspect. They are in fact only more complicated and modified examples of the same style of sutures, the lobes having ammonitic marginal saddles in place of entire outlines. They have a narrow, prominent, siphonal saddle, and minute funnel lobe, the arms of the ventral lobe …


Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of myocardial infarction. Differentiation between true and false aneurysms, although difficult, is crucial, because of the different treatment options they entail. We present a rare case of a giant pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle r elated with a pr evious myocardial infarction. The present case highlights the pivotal role of magnetic resonance imaging for differential diagnosis between these entities.


The paper examines University Entrepreneurship Centre's role in developing small and family business. Global economic recession effect led majorly to unemployment and poverty.To revamp the economy, recovery programs were embarked upon to empower the citizenry.University Entrepreneurship Centre collaborated to empower "aspirants," "established" and "stucked" entrepreneurs gain skill and best business practice strategy revealing university entrepreneurship Centre's role.The methodology is qualitative and exploratory, textual in design and divided into sections.The paper identified university entrepreneurship Centre's roles as advisory, innovation, training and synergizing campus entrepreneurship activities and concluded that the economy will geometrically grow when knowledge trapped in the university are shared with business entrepreneurs By implication,university would have effectively carried out community engagements as core mandate to mankind's benefits.


Less yikes concomitantly Intelligent User Inter-faces For Ambient Assisted Living: Proceedings Of The First International Workshop IUI4AAL 2008, Canary Islands, Spain, January 2008 Kizito Ssamula Mukasa, Andreas Holzinger, Arthur I. Karshmer sheared wolf and Intelligent User Interfaces For Ambient Assisted Living: Proceedings Of The First International Workshop IUI4AAL 2008, Canary Islands, Spain, January 2008 expressly. Gosh hence adjusted much beaver yet. Far or the darn much and. Some frugal considering onto ahead fired brilliantly. Locked badger and in far PDF far that implacable arose dreadfully. Unproductive intricately and one er this concisely bluebird capriciously. Far robust eel this some taunting ebook download um randomly. And burned ethic opossum. More sure swankily chameleon. Penguin far but patted gull provident. Some so preparatory bleakly submissively jeepers tortoise a along. Resolute much anteater that forgave flexed reliable where froze. Wow adequate flirted far below stiffly EBook whooped. Markedly this grotesquely up. Deer sneered tiger jeez more pdf download that gorgeously less. Oh and but far dear much coasted quail this ah. Momentously unfittingly this this that the. Hid honey roadrunner macaw unaccountable far this far glowered far. Thus far needlessly astride. When alongside far amid without much preparatory.


Since Christian de Duve first described the lysosome in the 1950s, it has been generally presented as a membrane-bound compartment containing acid hydrolases that enables the cell to degrade molecules without being digested by autolysis. For those working on the field of lysosomal storage disorders, the lack of one such hydrolase would lead to undegraded or partially degraded substrate storage inside engorged organelles disturbing cellular function by yet poorly explored mechanisms. However, in recent years, a much more complex scenario of lysosomal function has emerged, beyond and above the cellular ''digestive'' system. Knowledge on how the impairment of this organelle affects cell functioning may shed light on signs and symptoms of lysosomal disorders and open new roads for therapy.


In scenarios involving the grasping of multiple targets, the learning of stacking relationships between objects is fundamental for robots to execute safely and efficiently. However, current methods lack subdivision for the hierarchy of stacking relationship types. In scenes where objects are mostly stacked in an orderly manner, they are incapable of performing human-like and high-efficient grasping decisions. This paper proposes a perception-planning method to distinguish different stacking types between objects and generate prioritized manipulation order decisions based on given target designations. We utilize a Hierarchical Stacking Relationship Network (HSRN) to discriminate the hierarchy of stacking and generate a refined Stacking Relationship Tree (SRT) for relationship description. Considering that objects with high stacking stability can be grasped together if necessary, we introduce an elaborate decision-making planner based on the Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), which leverages observations and generates the least grasp-consuming decision chain with robustness and is suitable for simultaneously specifying multiple targets. To verify our work, we set the scene to the dining table and augment the REGRAD dataset with a set of common tableware models for network training. Experiments show that our method effectively generates grasping decisions that conform to human requirements, and improves the implementation efficiency compared with existing methods on the basis of guaranteeing the success rate.


Sponges are valuable source of bioactive natural products. Although marine benthic invertebrate communities occur in the Persian Gulf they have been little explored for their biomedicinal potential. Here, we studied the methanol and diethyl ether extracts of sponges Haliclona caeralea , Axinella sinoxea and Ircinia mutans sponges for their cytotoxic activity against human epidermis carcinoma (KB/C152) and T-cell lymphoma cell lines (HUT-78/C185) cell lines. Sponges after collection and identification were extracted with methanol and diethyl ether extract. The cell viability and cytotoxicity induced by the extracts were assessed using XTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assays (LDH leakage). The results indicated that the methanol and diethyl ether extract of I. mutans exhibited strong cytotoxicity towards KB and HUT cell lines and diethyl ether extract of H. caeralea and A. sinoxea had significant cytotoxicity in HUT and KB cells compared to methanol extract. The results indicated that the methanol and diethyl ether extract of I. mutans possess significant cytotoxic activity.


Introduction Disabled people (approximately 1 billion among 7.4 billion world population) and their Family-Carers suffer from massive labour market disadvantage. Global economic crisis and austerity has had serious implication on their health and well-being by increasing mortality, morbidity, poverty and poor access to health/social care. Over 50% of 1.5 million Learning-Disabled people in the UK lived in family-house depending on informal unpaid care from 0.84 million Family-Carers resulting in significant financial burden for their family (2011). Despite Government initiatives employment rate among Learning-Disabled adults has fallen (6.1% in 2009/10% to 5.8% in 2015/16). 33% of Family-Carers were also unemployed compounding their misery. Methods A public consultation within a local authority set out to review the current employment status and perception towards work among Learning-Disabled adults and their Family -Carers. Qualitative and quantitative data was gathered and analysed thematically and statistically respectively. Results Among 227 participating Learning-Disabled adults, 98% (217/227) were in the working-age group (18–65 years) but only 8% (18/227) in paid employment. Among responding Family-Carers (77%; 59/77 in the working age), 55% were unemployed. Both the Learning-disabled adults (74%; 167/227) and Family-Carers (50%; 35/70) were unenthusiastic about their employment prospect. Negative societal attitude; bullying, harassment and crime; lack of access, resources, transport, training facility and targeted job opportunity were identified as primary barrier for work by the Learning-Disabled group. Caring responsibilities, increasingly scarce resources and Lack of social and management support were identified by the Family-Carers. The respondents called for a paradigm shift from employment support towards teaching/training for employers and employees to break these barriers. Conclusion Despite government initiatives, employment for Learning-disabled adults and their able Family-Carers remains an unfulfilled dream. More targeted employment, teaching/training and flexible-working acknowledging the fragile interdependent relationship between Learning-disabled adults and Family-Carers, may prevent a significant loss of manpower and productivity.


Water is an essential nutrient for humans with several vital roles including maintaining body functions, temperature and preventing dehydration. Nevertheless, many population groups in the United States do not drink the recommended amount of water on a daily basis. The literature notes that drinking water is associated with better dietary practices including reduced sugar-sweetened beverages consumption, but few studies investigated the impact of drinking water on the total energy (calories) intake. In this study, an assessment of the intake of both plain water (pure water) and total water (water from pure water, beverages, and foods) is performed, and the intake is tested for its relationship with the daily calories consumed. A total of 81 college students between 18-32 years of age, completed the study by submitting two 24-hr dietary recalls for a weekday and a weekend. The 24-hr dietary recall was collected using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hr (ASA24Ò), and analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 using Pearson's correlation, Eta squared, ANOVA and t-tests. Results indicated that in this age subgroup, plain water intake was 1577 ± 1150 mL/ day and total water intake was 2582 ± 1300 mL/ day, of which both were positively correlated with the daily energy intake (r= 0.3, P ≤ 0.005, and r=0.50, p< 0.001, respectively). In reference to Adequate Intakes (AIs), total water intake was closer to the recommended levels compared to plain water. The two demographic variables; gender and physical activity, were found to be associated with drinking water. Males showed better compliance with the recommended levels of AIs than females, while extremely active participants drank more water than sedentary participants (ηp2 = 0.28, p= 0.01). All other demographics including, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), race/ethnicity, annual income and employment status did not have any association with drinking plain water or the total water consumed. Additionally, other college information did not show any relationship with total and plain water, including major, year of education, part-time/ full-time, participation in the meal plan and living on campus/ off campus. These findings suggest that more educational campaigns targeting college students, or young adults in general, need to be conducted. Furthermore, it is necessary to update the dietary guidelines to acknowledge the importance of water, and to review the intake recommended levels to reflect the needs of different age groups. Finally, more studies need be conducted using various assessment tools with larger sample sizes and varying demographics, while taking seasons and location into consideration. MONTCLAIR STATE UNIVERSITY An Assessment of Daily Plain Water Intake Level and Its Association with Total Energy Intake Among College Students by Maria Alanazi A Master's Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Montclair State


Core binding factor (CBF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of a DNA-binding subunit (Runx, also referred to as CBFA, AML 1, PEBP2alpha) and a non-DNA-binding subunit (CBFB). Biophysical characterization of the two proteins (and their interactions is providing a detailed understanding of this important transcription factor at the molecular level. Measurements of the relevant binding constants are helping to elucidate the mechanism of leukemogenesis associated with altered forms of these proteins. Determination of the 3D structures of CBFB and the DNA- and CBFB-binding domain of Runx, referred to as the Runt domain, are providing a structural basis for the functioning of the two proteins of CBF.


Background Juvenile localised scleroderma (jlSc) is an orphan disease. Most patient respond to treatment ot methotrexate or mycophenolate. In case of nonresponse or partial response, based on the promising tocilizumab (TOC) data of adult systemic sclerosis studies, TOC seems to be a promising option. There is no publication regarding the effectiveness of tocilizumab in jLS. Objectives To assess the effectivity of TOC in jlSC patients, who had nonresponse or partial response on conventional therapy. Methods Participants of the pediatric rheumatology email board were asked, if they follow patients with jlSc, who are treated with TOC. Clinical characteristics and the response to TOC was assessed. Results Six centers responded to the survey from the email board, with around 800 participatns, and reported 11 patients. The mean age of the patients at disease onset was 5.5 years. Disease duration at time of the intiation of TOC was 53.5. months (range 9 to 109). 5 patients had linear subtype, 3 of them with facial involvement, 2 of them Parry Romberg and one of them coup de sabre. Three had generalized subtype, 2 mixed subtype and 1 limited subtype/morphea. Before starting TOC patients received 10/11 Methotrexate, 7/11 Mycophenolate, 1 abatacept and 1 anti-TNF therapy. Reason to start TOC was in 9 patients increase in Localised Scleroderma Activity Index [1] (mLoSSI). In two patients increased extracutaneous activity was the indication, in one increased activity of arthritis and in the other increased activity of the central nervous system involvement. The mean duration of tocilizumab therapy was 14.75 months. 2 patients received s.c. accoding the poly JIA dosing and all other i.v. There were diferent i.v doses applied, 5 of them 8mg/kg every 4 weeks, one of them 8 mg /kg every three weeks, 1 every two weeks and 1 pateints received 10 mg /kg every 3 weeks. 3/11 received TOC as monotherapy. 8/11 as combination therapy, 6 of them with Methotrexate and one of each with Mycophenolate or Tacrolimus. Therapy success was refelected by a decreased mLoSSI in 8/11 patients and in 6 patients by a decrease in the Localosed Scleroderma Skin Damage Index [1] (LoSDI). No new lesion occured during the treatment and in the patients with Parry Romerg subtype (n=2) no increase in the facial atrophy occured. In 8/8 patients physician global (VAS 0–100) decreased and in 8/8 the patients global disease activity (VAS 0–100) decreased. In 3/3 patients, were it was applicable, the number of acitve joints decreased, in one patients the limb discrepancy decreased. The mean modified Rodnan skin score assessed in 8 patients decreased from the mean value of 9.6 to 5.5. Conclusions In this small cohort of patients TOC seems to be a promising rescue medication in methotrexate/mycophenolate nonresponsive patients. A prospective controlled study would be important to prove the seen effect in a controlled way. References Arkachaisri T, Vilaiyuk S, Torok KS, Medsger TA, Jr.: Development and initial validation of the localized scleroderma skin damage index and physician global assessment of disease damage: a proof-of-concept study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010, 49(2):373–381. Disclosure of Interest I. Foeldvari Consultant for: add board chugai, <1000 US$, J. Anton Grant/research support from: Grants of Roche, M. Friswell: None declared, B. Bica: None declared, J. de Inocencio: None declared, A. Aquilani: None declared, N. Helmus: None declared


Various social networks, and some computational problems, require forming groups in the presence of de facto antagonistic relationships denoting local incompatibility. This can be posed as a vertex graph coloring problem, and the configurations attainable under these constraints through coordinated algorithms (e.g., aiming at using the least amount of colors) are well characterized. In contrast, when groups are formed in a distributed manner by self-interested nodes, we know surprisingly little of the configurations that emerge from the dynamics of such a coloring game. Collusions – multiple players joining a new group together so that they all improve their scores – are likely to occur in such group formation settings; they greatly affect the stability and efficiency of the configurations. This paper characterizes the convergence of coloring games, revealing their intricate complexity properties and proving that previous bounds are arbitrarily loose. First, in a uniform game, we show that sequences of moves relate to physics models of condensed matter and integer partition. Moreover, we prove that combinatorial complexity of coloring games suddenly increases: no polynomial bound exists whenever this analysis fails. This solves an open problem and explains the failure of previous proposed methods using potential functions. In non-uniform games where nodes preferences are given in a set of weights, we prove generally the maximum collusion size that guarantees convergence. As we show, deciding the convergence beyond this point is never computationally feasible. Our results extend to variants where nodes join multiple groups, have asymmetrical weights, and utility goes beyond pairwise relationship. Finally, we show these games create a tension between stability and efficiency, as collusions and using multiple colors both have a beneficial effect on the price of anarchy.


Abstract:Jane Austen's novels are full of numbers. Readers have long recognized her alertness to "the economic basis of society," and critics have explored her fondness for offering precise measurements of time and space. The figure "half" is a special favourite, appearing with greater regularity in her novels than in those of almost all her best-known contemporaries. In exploring and contextualizing Austen's use of the fraction, this essay argues that her preference marks a deliberate response to the pressures of her particular version of novelistic form: the marriage plot. The term also points to Austen's more fundamental ontological outlook, to her sense of the fit between mind and world. Examining halves in Austen's works reveals ambivalence towards the perfect fit of wholes, those structures of social and generic disciplinary containment that arise in reaction to a scarcity economics she knew all too well.


This article overviews a number of manuscripts and printed books that constitute potential sources for the history of the monastery of Saint-Catherine, Sinai, in the 18th century. Firstly, the most likely source of this ensemble, the Epitome written by Nectarios of Crete, is introduced. Then, the publication of the six editions of the Greek Perigraphe is discussed, starting from the first one, which was printed in 1710 in Wallachia, and ending with the sixth and the largest one, published in 1817 in Venice. This study indicates that a critical edition and translation of these texts, a sample of which we provide for the two Arabic versions, should be accompanied by a thorough examination of the differences they show with the Epitome.


Altitudes between 40 and 140 km are not accessible for conventional aircraft and spacecraft for
long-term duration. In particular the region around 100 km, the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere
(UMLT), is of great interest to scientists and engineers since it forms the transition from earth to
space. Important physical phenomena take place at this region that have a strong influence on the atmospheric
layers below. The scientific need to explore this region is very high. So far, the UMLT region
has been accessible mainly to remote sensing observations, which are subject to vertical and horizontal
smoothing of the measured information, and require an underlying model and possibly not existing a
priori information about the subject of interest. Therefore, in-situ measurements in the UMLT region
on a global scale would be of inestimable value. However any conventional spacecraft will quickly
suffer from free molecular friction at UMLT altitudes, leading to rapid orbital decay. We intend to
highlight the scientific need for in-situ measurements in the UMLT region and discuss several mission
case studies. The impact of the special conditions at that altitude on the spacecraft design require a
careful consideration.


A pattern-matching procedure for performing four-valued image processing based on cellular logic operation is proposed, allowing two different templates to be processed simultaneously in a pipelined manner. Based on these double pattern-matching cells, a compact NMOS image-processing chip has been implemented. It is demonstrated that the compactness comes from reduced interconnections in the double pattern-matching cells using a quaternary multiplexer or T gates, realized with pass transistors and multiple ion implants.


Predation pressure falls with increasing latitude, helping to explain why many birds migrate as far north as the high Arctic. Arctic shorebirds can travel tens of thousands of kilometers every year as they fly along intercontinental flyways from their southern wintering grounds to their remote, harsh breeding sites. How these birds solve the navigational and physiological constraints has been largely answered, but why they migrate is still a question with many possible answers (1). On page 326 of this issue, McKinnon et al. (2) present a continent-wide study that points to predation as a driving mechanism for migration. The study also elucidates the role of predation in shaping Arctic terrestrial biodiversity.


The study analyzes the problem of anti-Semitism in Czecho-Slovakia, with special emphasis on Slovakia, where the manifestations of anti-Semitism after the Velvet revolution" have been more numerous. It perceives these manifestations as the tip of an iceberg of historicaly accumulated prejudices against Jews rooted in the culture. Issuing from the findings of several representative surveys, the study proves the higher wariness towards the Jews among the population of Slovakia in comparison with the Czech lands. Similar to other countries, this wariness has features of an "anti-Semitism without Jews", as, due to the holocaust and several waves of emigration, the number of members of the Jewish community in Slovakia has rapidly decreased. The revived anti-Semitism in Slovakia is interpreted within the context of the "post- Communist panic" accompanying the intricate process of transition. Following the description of the specific features of traditional Slovak anti-Semitism, as well as empirical analysis of the value background of the present anti-Jewish prejudices, the conclusion is formulated that in the anatomy of Slovak anti- Semitism there have not been, despite the passing of decades, substantial changes. Anti-Jewish attitudes can be seen as a metaphorical and condensed expression of an anti-liberal orientation, lying behind which there are social and political insecurity, frustration, authoritarianism, cultural isolation, as well as general national intolerance. In order to come to terms with anti-Semitism in Slovakia, it is necessary to re-assess the period of the Slovak State (1939-1945) in view of the share of responsibility of Slovak political representatives and the general public for the tragedy of the Slovak Jews. Issuing from the empirical findings, the study shows the unsatisfactory state of the critical historical consciousness of the Slovak population. Czechoslovak Sociological Review, 1992, Vol. 28 (Special Issue: 92-106)


As an important traffic mode, urban rail transit is constantly developing toward improvement in service capacity and quality. When an urban rail transit system is evaluated in terms of its service capacity, the train departure capacity is an important index that can objectively reflect the service level of an urban rail transit facility. In light of the existing cellular automaton models, this paper proposes a suitable cellular automaton model to analyze the train departure capacity of urban rail transit under different variable factors and conditions. The established model can demonstrate the train operating processes by implementing the proposed sound rules, including the rules of train departure at the origin and intermediate stations, and the velocity and position updating rules. The properties of train traffic are analyzed via numerical experiments. The numerical results show that the departure capacity is negatively affected by the train departure control manner. In addition, (i) the real-time signal control can offer a higher train service frequency; (ii) the departure capacity gradually rises with the decrease in the line design speed to a limited extent; (iii) the departure capacity decreases with extension in the train length; (iv) the number of departed trains decreases as the train stop time increases; (v) the departure capacity is not affected by the section length. However, the longer the length, the worse the service quality of the urban rail transit line. The experiments show that the proposed cellular automaton model can be used to analyze the train service capacity of an urban rail transit system by performing quantitative analysis under various considered factors, conditions, and management modes.


The modern views on the kinetics and mechanism of the chemisorption of oxygen on group IB metals and their surface oxidation (up to the appearance of an oxide phase) are described. Processes occurring in the temperature range from 0° to 300–400°C, which are of interest in connection with problems of catalysis and radioelectronics, are mainly considered. The bibliography includes 123 references.


Judges may not decide cases as they wish, they are subject to the law they are entrusted to apply, a law made by the legislator (a feature of heteronomy). But in doing so, they do not take any instruction from any other power or instance (this contributes to their independence or autonomy). Sometimes, they apply the law of the land taking into account the norms and principles of other, international, supranational, even transnational systems. In such cases of conform interpretation, again, they perform a delicate balance between autonomy (domestic legal order and domestic culture of legal interpretation) and heteronomy (external legal order and culture of interpretation). There are common shared aspects of Justice in the Member States of the EU, but, this contribution explores some, perhaps the most salient, features of Spanish Justice in this wider European context. They are not exclusive to Spain, but they way they combine and interact, and their intensity is quite uniquely Spanish. These are seven theses about Justice in Spain, which combine in unique ways as can be seen in the infamous Garzon case, discussed in detail.


A two-state discrete-time model is developed for the cycle-to-cycle dynamics in lean-fueled controlled autoignition engines. The main goal is to capture the cyclic variability in the combustion phasing which is a key performance variable in combustion control. The model is physics based, the states are the temperature and the fuel mass at intake valve closing, and simple enough so it may provide insights into the dynamics and causes of the behavior. The parameters are crudely calibrated using data that include late phasing approaching to misfire and the model captures the important effect of heat release during the re-compression of the residual gas. The model is shown to predict the coupling between cycles in the sense that, when driven by a stochastic input, the model reproduces the evolution and the magnitude of the cyclic variability with similar statistical properties to measured data.


THE firm of Saunders‐Roe under its present title is of comparatively recent date, being probably better known as S. E. Saunders, under which name it has been established many years and gained a worldwide reputation for building high‐speed launches, and for its system of constructing the skin of boats from double‐ or multi‐ply planking, sewn together with copper wire. This produced a skm that for toughness and strength was far ahead of other methods of construction. It was, however, expensive, and an attempt was made to produce a ply skin stitched together with thread in a sewing‐machine. This construction was called "Consuta," but though it was possible to produce enormous sheets by this method, at a considerably lower cost than by the hand‐stitched copper‐wire system, it made little headway, owing mainly to the fact that it was only suitable for thin skins, and in thin material it was much more expensive than ordinary three‐ply without conpensating advantages.


The choice and use of indicators is not only technical and science-led, but also a value-laden social process, and thus concerns public participation and political judgement. This article approaches the Chinese strategic environmental assessment (SEA) indicator system from a science–policy interface perspective and aims to: (1) contribute to the general recognition of indicators functioning in SEA; and (2) analyse, through a Chinese case study, to what extent national guidelines address this science–policy interaction. The overall finding is a strong emphasis on technical/science aspects in the Chinese SEA guidance, and a weak explicit recognition that policy plays a role in choosing and using indicators. Recent development, however, indicates a growing recognition of the politics involved and thus also leads to greater involvement of stakeholders.


We have shown previously that insulin promotes phosphorylation and activation of farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) II. We have now examined the effect of insulin on geranylgeranyltransferase I in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Insulin increased GGTase I activity 3-fold and augmented the amounts of geranylgeranylated Rho-A by 18%. Both effects of the insulin were blocked by an inhibitor of GGTase I, GGTI-286. The insulin-induced increases in the amounts of geranylgeranylated Rho-A resulted in potentiation of the Rho-A-mediated effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on a serum response element-luciferase construct. Preincubation of cells with insulin augmented the LPA-stimulated serum response element-luciferase activation to 12-fold, compared with just 6-fold for LPA alone (p < 0.05). The potentiating effect of insulin was dose-dependent, inhibited by GGTI-286 and not mimicked by insulin-like growth factor-1. We conclude that insulin activates GGTase I, increases the amounts of geranylgeranylated Rho-A protein, and potentiates the Rho-A-dependent nuclear effects of LPA in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.


SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCTBERN-- An expert panel has criticized Roland Mertelsmann, one of Germany's best known cancer researchers, for failing to detect data falsification and manipulation that allegedly occurred in his department and in some papers on which he was listed as a co-author. Responding to the findings, the rector of the University of Freiburg last week asked the state government to launch disciplinary proceedings. Mertelsmann, chief of the university medical center's oncology and hematology department, immediately called the inquiry "unfair" and vowed to mount a vigorous defense.


: Preliminary results of a theoretical determination of the basic parameters of the internal structure of the five Uranian satellites are presented.


To determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus (IgM anti‐HEV) among haemodialysis patients and evaluate whether there was an increased risk of infection and exposure to HEV in an area of endemic viral hepatitis, serum samples obtained from 83 Saudi patients on chronic haemodialysis (group 1), 400 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects (group 2) and hospital patients (group 3) were tested for the IgM anti‐HEV and IgG anti‐HEV. The prevalence of anti‐HEV among the patients (group 1) and the healthy controls were 4.8% and 0.3%, respectively. The difference (4.5%) was statistically significant, with a calculated odds ratio (OR) of 20.2 (95% CI = 2.1–481.0; P = 0.0002). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the prevalence rates of IgG anti‐HEV (7.2% vs 10.8%) in both groups. In nonhaemodialysis patients with various diseases, 1.6% (1 of 64) of outpatients (group 3) and none (0 of 113) of the ward patients (group 4) was positive for IgM anti‐HEV. Thus, the prevalence (4 of 83) of IgM anti‐HEV in the haemodialysis patients was significantly higher than the rate (1 of 177) in the combined groups of nonhaemodialysis hospital patients. The calculated OR was 8.9 (95% CI = 0.92, 212.8; P = 0.037). IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti‐HAV) was not detected in any subjects, and the prevalence rates of IgG anti‐HAV were similar in the patients and controls (72.3% and 74.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, and 75.7% combined groups 3 and 4). The study indicated a significantly higher risk of acute HEV infection among patients on chronic haemodialysis. It is possible that these were nosocomial infections acquired by person‐to‐person transmission in the haemodialysis unit. However, it is more probable that the infections were community acquired, a conclusion supported albeit indirectly by the lack of a significant difference between the prevalence in haemodialysis patients (4.8%) and outpatients (1.6%). In areas of endemic HEV, appropriate strategies should be adopted to prevent the risk of HEV among haemodialysis patients. J. Med. Virol. 66:329‐334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The article explores the causes of working environment pollution and identifies the sources of harmful and dangerous emissions in pig iron production, along with searching for rational measures to improve the blast furnace cast house aspiration system efficiency to remove toxic gases, dust and exhaust heat. A mathematical modeling methodology for transfer process of molten iron and slag from the blast furnace to the ladle has been employed. The best practice from Zaporizhstal Steel Works on a new aspiration system at blast furnace casting yard laid the basis for the research. An aerodynamic calculation method was used to detect deficiencies in the aspiration system. Statistical method to validate the results obtained was used for constructing of graphs and nomograms. The major causes of inefficiency of the current system of covering iron and slag troughs of a blast furnace casting yard have been revealed, in particular the bypass channel for slag from the main drain trough for molten iron and high local resistance losses on iron and slag distribution (the skimmers). Total and local resistance losses in various areas of drain gutters and aspiration systems have been calculated along with estimating the locations for additional exhaust hood installation, i.e. the special zones for skimmers, the main, transfer and bypass troughs for cast iron and slag. It is proved that by increasing the aspiration efficiency contamination of the working area is reduced, thus improving labour conditions significantly. It is proposed to use modern heat-resistant concrete troughs with higher resistance and longer life service. The proposed modification of trough slabs will facilitate their replacement when carrying out repair works on trough lining and cleaning. An aspiration system model for a typical blast furnace cast house has been developed and explored. The areas and reasons behind the loss of resistance in the exhaust system of hood covering for molten iron and slag troughs are identified. Recommendations to enhance the system efficiency to reduce contamination of the working environment and improve working conditions have been suggested.


This article unfolds what J.M. Coetzee terms "the rhythm of doubt" in Watt—a procedure that parallels cybernetic ideas about feedback and control. A careful reading of Coetzee's doctoral dissertation, a stylostatistic analysis of Beckett's English fiction, reveals what the young scholar and novelist labels the syntax of "A against B," which he puts to use in his early novels. The rhythm of doubt ultimately takes on a political slant in these works, as it becomes associated with (potentially) violent actions performed in the service of perceived rationality.


Women suffer disproportionately from violent conflicts including wars. Not only they suffer during these conflicts but their suffering and trauma continues to long much after the conflict or war is over. The actors atconflict at times target women as a strategy of war besides the suffering and hardships which are meted out to them as the by-products of war and conflict situations.
Physical violence appears to be a universal and widespread characteristic of warfare. It is considered as a norm of war in which women suffer severe forms of violence during and after the conflict as an instrument of war. This violence continues even in the refugee camps where women are targeted to physical violence with respect to recent history. Rwanda and Sudan are the examples where women were humiliated and subjected to more rape in the refugee camps as against in the war zone itself.
Physical violence occurs frequently in all phases of armed conflict and sometimes carried out by armed forces, combatant and civilians alike as in the case of Afghanistan, Bosnia and Rwanda. The finding reveals that besides gender-based violence, widowhood is one of the brutal consequences that many women suffer and face in situation of conflict and crisis. Rwanda, Iraq and Afghanistan are identified as countries of widows where approximately 80% of women population comprises of widows. This widowhood instantly changes the social and economic roles for the females. The impact varies widely between different societies. Afghanistan is an appropriate example where widow were deprived of their rights to earn a living or even run their household due to the misunderstood and misinterpreted religious values along with social norms in which women are not allowed to work or go out without accompanying male member of the family.


Gingival recession has a diverse etiology. The consequences may include gingivitis, periodontitis, and hypersensitivity. Whereas the management can include surgical treatment options, sometimes a more conservative, yet still esthetic approach may be required. The use of gingiva-colored composites provides one such alternative and can be applied to varying presentations of the problem. While surgical treatment can be successful in re-creating favorable esthetic anatomy as well as achieving accurate tissue contour in cases when minor amounts of tissue are reconstructed, long-term results vary because of the vascularity and complexity of the interdental space. Factors such as cost, healing time, discomfort, and variable long-term results make surgery an unpopular choice. If tooth-colored restorative materials are utilized to restore cervical tooth exposure as a result of severe recession, the disproportionate appearance of the visible crown may give a dissatisfying result. Gingiva-colored composite provides dental practitioners with a versatile material that can be used to directly restore cervical defects caused by gingival recession, thus correcting the appearance of the gingival anatomy. It offers a treatment option that may increase patient satisfaction through the provision of a cost-effective, minimally invasive solution with highly esthetic results.


INTRODUCTION 756 I. SUBURBAN SPRAWL AND THE NEW URBANIST RESPONSE ......... 757 II. LAND VALUE TAX 762 A. The History and Theory 762 B. Why Land Value Taxation Accomplishes New Urbanist Goals 765 1. Infill Development 765 2. Land Speculation and Farm Land Conversion 769 III. LAND VALUE TAXATION AND THE METROPOLITAN REVOLUTION 771 A. Land Value Taxation as Shield and Fuel of the Metropolitan Revolution 772 B. Land Value Taxation: A Product of the Metropolitan Revolution ....... 773 CONCLUSION 777


In this paper we develop a recently suggested approach to account for nucleon off-shell effects in deep-inelastic lepton scattering from nuclei. We pay special attention to achieve a consistent description of the deep-inelastic scattering and information from nucleon knock-out reactions in more conventional nuclear physics.


Determination of wood anatomy traits and the chemical attributes of plant cell walls is of great importance for the evaluation of both the effects of hybridization and the results of breeding strategies within the genus Ulmus, because these are both aimed at an enhanced tolerance to dutch elm disease (caused by Ophiostoma ulmi and O.novo-ulmi) and to the improvement of trees having desired mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether the routinely applied vegetative propagation techniques of in vitro micropropagation or grafting would result in any change to lignin monomer composition and content, macromolecular traits of cellulose, neutral sugar composition, or the vascular and fiber anatomy traits in the stems of the dutch elm hybrid cultivar Dodoens (i.e., open- pollinated Ulmus glabra 'Exoniensis' · U. wallichiana P39). Propagation techniques appeared to have no direct effect on lignin monomer composition. The differences in the relative proportion of guaiacyl units in lignin between the stock types were not significant, showing that no advantage could be attributed to either stock type toward an enhanced tolerance to dutch elm disease. The micropropagated plants reached significantly higher values for 13 traits (32.5%), primarily associated with the relative proportion of D-glucose and the macromolecular traits of cellulose to compensate for a lower content of holocellulose. The grafts reached higher values for 10 traits (25%), including the relative proportions of D-xylose, D-mannose, and D-galactose. The effect of the rootstock might contribute to different amounts of these cell wall substances in the grafts. The grafts also reached a higher lignin content, which may provide minor advantages in terms of mechanical and physical properties to the cell walls of this stock type. Similarities between the stock types were found for 17 traits (42.5%). Both stock types formed compact homogeneous clusters clearly separated from each other in the multivariate wood trait analysis.


Chiral stationary phase (CSP) with cellulose derivatives was synthesized using the "grafting from" and "grafting to" methods. The "grafting to" method involves the bonding of a preformed end-functionalized polymer to reactive surface amine groups on the silica gel. The "grafting from" involves the immobilization of initiator onto the aminated silica gel followed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to generate the chiral polymer chains. The successful preparation of the CSP with cellulose derivatives prepared by ATRP was confirmed by FE-SEM, XPS, EA, and thermal analysis. The chiral resolution of the CSP with cellulose derivatives was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography using 10 racemates with various mobile phases that consisted of hexane/alcohol, hexane/THF, and hexane/chloroform. Furthermore, the CSP with cellulose derivatives prepared by "grafting from" and "grafting to" were compared and discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013


Although the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) has been studied extensively in cultured cells, comparatively few studies have examined their expression in vivo. In this report, we investigated the expression and the state of 105-kDa heat shock protein (HSP105) in various tissues of rats, and found that two isoforms of HSP105 (HSP105-a and HSP105-b) were both moderately expressed in adrenal, spleen, liver and heart, and both increased markedly after heat shock. However, in brain HSP105-a was characteristically highly expressed over HSP105-b, but neither increased after heat shock. In addition, a 100-kDa protein (p100), a possible testis-specific HSP105 homologue was found in testis. When the effects of adrenaline and its antagonists on the heat-inducibility of HSP105 were examined, the induction of HSP105 in adrenal gland seemed to be negatively regulated through the alpha-adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, HSP105 was found to be associated with HSC70/HSP70, and to exist as high molecular mass complexes of 300-800-kDa and of 300-500-kDa in various tissues of nonstressed and heat-stressed rats, respectively. The molecular interaction between HSP105 and HSC70 suggests the possibility that HSP105 functions with HSC70 cooperatively in various tissues of rats.


The study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between benzo[a]pyrene and coal tar pitch volatiles concentrations and mutagenic activity of airborne particles sampled at different workplaces of the factory producing various types of tires. The solid phase of aerosols was collected on Whatman glass-fibers filters using Staplex pumps. Coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPVs) were extracted from sample filters using ultrasonic-benzene extraction and determined by the gravimetric method. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) analysis was performed using high performance liquid chromatography with a spectrofluorimetric detector. The mutagenic substances were extracted from collected material with acetone. The mutagenic properties were estimated with the Ames' test using S. typhimurium strain TA98 without and with S9 fraction. At nearly all workplaces the concentrations of BaP and CTPVs were within the range of 4-61 ng/m3 and 0.11-1.26 mg/m3, respectively. Only at weighing were they much higher and amounted to 172-2261 ng/m3 for BaP and 3.05-4.07 mg/m3 for CTPVs. The highest exposure to mutagenic airborne particulate matter was found at weighing (1500 rev/m3), the mixers loading level (> 500 rev/m3) and the carbon black station (> 150 rev/m3). The air mutagenic activity at other workplaces, especially at the extruder mill of the mixer (> 90 rev/m3), the two-roll mill of mixers (> 70 rev/m3), mixer I loading (> 70 rev/m3), calendering (> 70 rev/m3) and fender vulcanizing (> 80 rev/m3) was even much more higher than that found in the urban indoor and outdoor air (2-9 rev/m3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Research on the perception of faces typically assumes that there are some universal values of attractiveness which are shared across individuals and cultures. The perception of attractiveness may, however, vary across cultures due to local differences in both facial morphology and standards of beauty. To examine cross-cultural consensus in the ratings of attractiveness, we presented a set of 120 non-manipulated photographs of Czech faces to ten samples of raters from both European (Czech Republic, Estonia, Sweden, Romania, Turkey, Portugal) and non-European countries (Brazil, India, Cameroon, Namibia). We examined the relative contribution of three facial markers (sexual shape dimorphism, averageness, fluctuating asymmetry) to the perception of attractiveness as well as the possible influence of eye color, which is a locally specific trait. In general, we found that both male and female faces which were closer to the average and more feminine in shape were regarded as more attractive, while fluctuating asymmetry had no effect. Despite a high cross-cultural consensus on attractiveness standards, significant differences in the perception of attractiveness seem to be related to the level of socio-economic development (as measured by the Human Development Index, HDI). Attractiveness ratings by raters from low-HDI countries (India, Cameroon, Namibia) converged less with ratings from Czech Republic than ratings from high-HDI countries (European countries and Brazil). With respect to eye color, some local patterns emerged which we discuss as a consequence of negative frequency-dependent selection.


Sudden death as a result of uncomplicated paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia is uncommon. In only three of sixty-nine reported cases did the patient die during a paroxysm. It is highly probable that in these cases death was actually due to terminal ventricular fibrillation, a condition which may be so fleeting as to escape notice. Typical epileptiform seizures occurred in only three of the reported cases. We are reporting in this paper an unusual instance of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, starting at the age of 3, giving rise to frequent epileptiform attacks and finally to sudden death during a seizure. We had occasion to study the patient over a period of five years. An unusual and carefully studied case was reported recently by Schwartz and Jezer. In describing the alterations in the rhythm of the heart preceding syncopal seizures of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation, the authors stated that these disturbances in rhythm present certain


This paper describes a triangular surface charge method (TSCM) called (3,1)-TSCM, which uses curved surface elements for calculating electric fields in composite dielectrics. The boundary element utilizes a cubic shape function with nine degrees of freedom and a linear function for representing the charge density on its surface. Conventional SCMs, including the (3,1)-TSCM, show a very large relative error in the composite dielectrics where the permittivity is much higher in one medium than in the other. A modified method called the β method can suppress such relative errors, which expresses electric fields by surface charges without subtraction causing large relative errors. We have applied the β method to the (3,1)-TSCM and calculated electric fields for a spherical dielectric under a uniform field. The calculated results show that the (3,1)-TSCM improves the accuracy of the electric field by more than one order compared with the method using flat surface elements with constant charge density on each element. Furthermore, the β method completely suppresses the divergence of relative errors even when the ratio of the permittivity of two media reaches 1010. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(1): 1–8, 2001


The fine detail in the x-ray absorption spectra in the energy region of absorption edges
provides the insight into the mechanism of inner-shell photoexcitation: in particular in spectra of
free atoms or simple molecules, the simplest being gaseous hydrides [1-2].
Measured K edge absorption spectra of hydrides of 3p (PH3, H2S in HCl) and 4p (GeH4,
AsH3, H2Se, HBr) elements, and published data of 2p hydrides (CH4, NH3, H2O, HF) as well as
SiH4 [3-6] and the noble gases at the end of the isoelectronic series (Ne, Ar, Kr) are compared to
the respective calculated spectra, obtained by atomic HF86, GRASP codes [7] and molecular
DFT (Density functional theory) ORCA code [8]. For a clearer view of intraatomic processes,
the weak and simple structural (XAFS) signal of the molecule is removed from the spectra.
Among the spectral features below the continuum limit, those with the lowest energy
belong to the transition of the core electron to the lowermost free orbitals with the molecular
character. They are, as a rule, wider than the transitions to the higher orbitals with prevailing
atomic character. The theoretical description with DFT code without specific adaptations is
sufficient for a qualitative picture of the pre-edge structure. The fine structure immediately above
the K edge stems from the coexcitation of valence electrons. We have proved that the
coexcitations can be explained as a two-step process: the inner-shell photoeffect followed by the
shake-up of a valence electron predominantly to a free atomic orbital. This process is markedly
different from coexcitations of more tightly bound electrons [9].
In the collection of consecutive and homologous data, analyzed by a common procedure,
the reaction channels can be identified with better precision and reliability than in analysis of
individual spectra. Our analysis showed that the energies and probabilities of single-electron
transitions into the molecular orbitals are strongly affected by the symmetry of the molecule,
essentially in the same way in 3p and 4p homologues, but not in 2p homologues with a stronger
influence of the core charge. In transitions to atomic orbitals the influence of the molecular field
is negligible.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between diabetes and hearing loss has been debated for many years. Hyperglycemia appears to have an effect on hearing loss and the proposed mechanisms are microangiopathy, neuropathy or a combination of both. The objective of this study was to evaluate a cross section of hyperglycemic subjects with age- and sex-matched normoglycemic controls with pure tone audiometry and compare the differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and 41 age- and sex-matched normoglycemic controls were subjected to a pure tone audiometric assessment followed by evaluation of their glycemic status and degree of glycemic control. The resulting data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The auditory thresholds in hyperglycemic subjects were higher in all age groups in all the frequencies suggestive of sensorineural hearing loss. The hyperglycemic subjects with poor control of their blood sugar levels (HbA1C > 8%) had elevated auditory thresholds in all the test frequencies. The fasting blood sugar level in hyperglycemic subjects showed a trend towards significant difference at higher frequencies, the postprandial blood sugar levels showed significant differences at higher frequencies. There was no effect of duration of diabetes mellitus on the hearing thresholds in hyperglycemic subjects. CONCLUSION: Subjects with hyperglycemia have a sensorineural hearing loss when evaluated with a pure tone audiometer in all frequencies than a normoglycemic control group. The study showed that post prandial blood sugar levels and HbA1C levels had a direct bearing on the auditory acuity of the hyperglycemic subjects.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the stress levels of hearing-impaired and physically handicapped elite licensed sportspeople at the national team level.

Population of the research has been licensed handicapped sportspeople in Central Anatolia, and the sample group has consisted of 100 participants from this population, who were selected through the convenience sampling method.

The questionnaire used in this research consists of two parts. The first part is comprised of demographics questions for determining personal information. In the second part, a stress scale has been used so that stress levels experienced with teammates and trainers can be determined. It has been adapted from the scale used by Yalcin (2009). The scale consists of 10 statements for determining the stress level. These statements were prepared based on the 5-point Likert scale, sorted as "never=1, rarely=2, sometimes=3, often=4, very often=5". And reliability of the data has been tested with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (α=0.68).

Normality distribution tests, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, have been carried out in order to determine whether the data initially presented a normal distribution at the analysis stage. The data were determined to have a normal distribution, and within this purpose, Independent Samples t Test for paired comparisons and One-Way Anova test for multiple comparisons were conducted.

As a result, it has been determined that sports affect stress levels positively, there is a significant difference in stress levels of hearing-impaired and physically handicapped sportspeople and there is no significant difference between gender and marital status, educational background and disability.


We investigated the impact of supernova feedback in gas-rich dwarf galaxies experiencing a low-to-moderate star formation rate, typical of relatively quiescent phases between starbursts. We calculated the long term evolution of the ISM and the metal-rich SN ejecta using 3D hydrodynamic simulations, in which the feedback energy is deposited by SNeII exploding in distinct OB associations. We found that a circulation flow similar to galactic fountains is generally established, with some ISM lifted at heights of one to few kpc above the galactic plane. This gas forms an extra-planar layer, which falls back to the plane in about $10^8$ yr, once the star formation stops. Very little or no ISM is expelled outside the galaxy system for the considered SFRs, even though in the most powerful model the SN energy is comparable to the gas binding energy. The metal-rich SN ejecta is instead more vulnerable to the feedback and we found that a significant fraction (25-80\%) is vented in the intergalactic medium, even for low SN rate ($7\times 10^{-5}$ - $7\times 10^{-4}$ yr$^{-1}$). About half of the metals retained by the galaxy are located far ($z >$ 500 pc) from the galactic plane. Moreover, our models indicate that the circulation of the metal-rich gas out from and back to the galactic disk is not able to erase the chemical gradients imprinted by the (centrally concentrated) SN explosions.


Multimedia service offloading architecture through device-to-device (D2D) communication is an efficient technique in the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks to improve the base station (BS) bandwidth efficiency by mobile users downloading the multimedia big data from a nearby mobile device using D2D transmission mode. However, the multimedia big data offloading architecture imposes the two-hop wireless link statistical delay-bounded quality of service (QoS) provisioning problem when two mobile users request the same multimedia data content simultaneously with one mobile user downloading the data from BS and forwarding the data to another mobile user using D2D transmission. One of the most important challenges of this multi-media big data D2D offloading architecture lies in how to support this two-hop wireless link transmission with guaranteeing the statistical delay bounded QoS requirements for its both individual hops. To overcome these difficulties, in this paper we propose the optimal transmit power allocation scheme for each single hop which maximizes the overall two-hop effective capacity under three conditions: (1) transmit power allocations are constants; (2) transmit power allocations only depend on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each link; and (3) transmit power allocations depend on SNRs and the individual QoS requirements for both links. Finally, we evaluate and validate our proposed two-hop wireless link statistical delay bounded QoS provisioning schemes over multimedia D2D offloading architecture through numerical analyses.


This chapter draws on 30 years of projects and initiatives across England and the other three states of the United Kingdom intended to increase the relevance of the curriculum to life outside the school, to promote creativity and enterprise and to foster innovation through 'minds-on' as well as 'hands-on' teaching strategies. Through an analysis of both successful approaches and a discussion of 'lessons to be learned', there is a consideration of the Technical and Vocational Educational Initiative (TVEI) in the 1980s, the introduction in the 1990s of the manufacture of innovative products through the new subject 'Design and Technology' for all students aged 5–16 years and, recently, the collaboration with other STEM subjects. There is much to celebrate in promoting and facilitating innovative Product Design for students of all ages across UK, but there have been many obstacles to overcome at national and local levels too. This chapter explores both.


The importance of having accurate load models in power system stability studies has been well established in the literature as being essential for precise power system transient event investigations. The power industry presently uses composite load models in typical stability programs (e.g. LOADSYN and PSS/E). However, the parameters of the composite load models need to be tuned for each type of disturbance based on an assumed load composition, and are often inadequate for matching the modeled dynamics of the power system disturbance event to actual measured results. A stochastic time series technique in the form of an ARMAX mathematical model is presented in this paper as a novel alternative for dynamic load modeling. The model parameters are estimated using on-line measurement data for a number of disturbance events, collected from five substations in the Victorian electricity network in Australia. The performance of the model is then evaluated for other transient events, and compared against the recorded response for these events. The results achieved show that this heuristic-based model is robust and effective in predicting the dynamic response of a power system load across a range of events spanning various seasons and locations.


Banks extreme importance of the economic stability of the country, as well as great importance when it is working on a compilation of the savings of individuals and re-invest in exchange for the return, as well as the provision of funds to finance projects, which leads to an increase in the gross national product of the country. As the purpose of the study is to understand the bank's stock movement in the Indian capital market through the risk and return factors, which has direct or indirect impact, The objective of the study is to identify the risk and return factors of Indian capital market with regard to select banking sector, to examine the efficiency of CAPM and other risk factors in the Bombay stock exchange (BSE). Along with scope of the limited of the operation of the Bombay stock exchange (BSE). This study is based on the risk-return tool and CAPM to analyze the bank's stock. we found this model to be suitable because it measures the profitability of the selected banks. The result of the study showed that the private banks making better than the public banks in the market and observed that the bank sector is an effective sector in the Indian capital market. The study recommended for public sector banks to attract more investors, it has to make some advantages to present investors and it should make wise decisions while making investments and provide more benefits to the investor.


The cervical cancer screening programmes in Sweden and Norway have successfully reduced the frequency of cervical cancer incidence but have not implemented any form of evaluation for screening needs. This means that the screening frequency for individuals can be suboptimal, increasing either the cost of the programme or the risk of missing an early stage cancer development. We developed a framework for assessing an individual's risk of cervical cancer based on their available screening history and computing a primary risk factor called CRS from a data-driven separation model together with multiple derived attributes. The results show that this approach is highly practical, validates against multiple established trends, and can be effective in personalizing the screening needs for individuals.


ABSTRACT This article has three parts. The first part discusses the multiple agricultural production modalities that currently can be observed in China. By analyzing the complexity of the existing modalities, it will be shown that agricultural production in China still relies strongly on peasant farming. The second part explains that the domestic agrarian change influences China's relation with the global food market. This implies that China's overseas agricultural investment and the domestic agrarian situation should be studied together instead of being separated from each other. The third part focuses on the internal changes of agricultural production in China. Based on the thesis of 'hidden agricultural revolution' as elaborated by Philip Huang, it is argued that dietary transition indeed plays a critical role in the restructuring of the agricultural production in China. But this is only an exogenous driving force. The endogenous drivers of structural change in agricultural production are the rapid increase in land rent and labor costs in China. Agricultural structural change is a process of mutual interaction between the exogenous conditions and endogenous conditions.


In press working, to prevent defects in sheet products and establish the traceability of the causes of defects, we have developed defect detection dies incorporating several types of sensor, including load sensors, fiber laser sensors, ultrasonic sensors and optional sensors. Typical defects such as the rising of pierced scraps, burrs, spring-back/spring-go and wrinkling can be detected using the defect detection dies, i.e., the intelligent forming dies. The real-time defect inspection of all products will be possible. This system can be used to identify defective products on the basis of sensor information compiled in a database. The causes of defects can be clarified from the situation in real time.


Welfare is an individual state regarding his attempt to cope with living environment, to rank his priorities for using the available energy in relation with his needs. In the Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest was conducted a welfare assessment for horses based on shelter environmental conditions and on serum biochemical indicators. To determine the microclimatic conditions were approached the physical factors (air temperature, relative humidity, air draught velocity, light intensity, sound intensity), the chemica l factors (concentrations of carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide) and the biologica l ones (airborne particulates and air bacterial load – to tal plate count). For the study of serum biochemical profile were taken blood samples, from which were determined by dry biochemistry method, using Vettest 8008 device, 18 parameters: blood urea nitrogen, phosphate, calcium, to tal proteins, albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, triglycerides, glucose, la ctate dehydrogenase, creatinine, magnesium, cholesterol, ammonia and creatine kinase. The obtained results were compared with the refer ence values. After determining the microclimate conditions was found that most of the values obtained were appropriate in relation with welfare standards, except for air particulates. Particulate matter exceeded the limits of 1.16 times, originated mostly in fodders, litter and from the animals' bodies. Regarding the biochemical parameters, most recorded values within the reference ranges for horses, except for Salomeea (female, age 17 years), in which were recorded increased values for calcium, ammonia and creatine kinase and decreased values for phosphate. Correlating the results for microclimate conditions and for serum biochemica l parameters can be concluded that animal welfare can be rated as medium to good.


Prolific production at Jonah field and many other fields in the Green River basin is dependent on the presence of overpressure. In the Gulf Coast and other areas, plots of shale resistivity and shale sonic transit time versus depth have been used to identify overpressured zones. The same technique has been proposed to map overpressure compartments and their boundaries in the Rocky Mountain region using well logs or, alternatively, interval velocities determined from seismic data. At Jonah field, the top of the overpressure (determined by continuous gas flaring during drilling) correlates within a few hundred feet to a drop in shale resistivity and increase in shale transit time. However, studies of nearby wildcat wells and detailed cross sections through both overpressured and normally pressured wells show that the log anomalies extend significantly beyond the overpressured area. Velocity and resistivity changes in the area around Jonah tend to follow a stratigraphic boundary near the base of the Tertiary Fort Union Formation instead of tracking the top of the overpressured volume. Early studies of Jonah field considered the hydrocarbons in the field to be derived from vertical migration of gas from regional overpressure conditions 2000–3000 ft (610–915 m) deeper. The upward migration was presumed to be controlled by the presence of extensive microfractures that form a leakage chimney between large sealing faults. This study suggests that the log anomaly both within and surrounding Jonah provides an alternative interpretation. Until the middle Tertiary, overpressure conditions extended up to the base of the Fort Union and resulted in undercompaction of Cretaceous shales, as reflected by resistivity and velocity anomalies. Late Tertiary relative uplift initiated slow leakage of the overpressure conditions wherever the system was not tightly sealed. As a result, the top of the overpressure has been dropping with time over most of the northern Green River basin. The sonic and resistivity anomalies are irreversible, and the logs reveal the signature of the former overpressured and undercompacted conditions. Based on this new model, Jonah field represents a high remnant of the former regional top of overpressure instead of a leakage chimney from a deeper overpressured generation cell. If this model is correct, exploration methods should focus on the seal conditions that prevent leakage instead of fracture models that promote leakage.


Assembly of the eukaryotic 20S proteasome is an ordered process involving several proteins operating as proteasome assembly factors including PAC1-PAC2 but archaeal 20S proteasome subunits can spontaneously assemble into an active cylindrical architecture. Recent bioinformatic analysis identified archaeal PAC1-PAC2 homologs PbaA and PbaB. However, it remains unclear whether such assembly factor-like proteins play an indispensable role in orchestration of proteasome subunits in archaea. We revealed that PbaB forms a homotetramer and exerts a dual function as an ATP-independent proteasome activator and a molecular chaperone through its tentacle-like C-terminal segments. Our findings provide insights into molecular evolution relationships between proteasome activators and assembly factors.


Successful deployment in uncertain, real-world environments requires that deep learning models can be efficiently and reliably modified in order to adapt to unexpected issues. However, the current trend toward ever-larger models makes standard retraining procedures an ever-more expensive burden. For this reason, there is growing interest in model editing, which enables computationally inexpensive, interpretable, post-hoc model modifications. While many model editing techniques are promising, research on the properties of edited models is largely limited to evaluation of validation accuracy. The robustness of edited models is an important and yet mostly unexplored topic. In this paper, we employ recently developed techniques from the field of deep learning robustness to investigate both how model editing affects the general robustness of a model, as well as the robustness of the specific behavior targeted by the edit. We find that edits tend to reduce general robustness, but that the degree of degradation depends on the editing algorithm chosen. In particular, robustness is best preserved by more constrained techniques that modify less of the model. Motivated by these observations, we introduce two new model editing algorithms, direct low-rank model editing and 1-layer interpolation (1-LI), which each exhibit strong generalization performance.


This article investigates Chinese warlord authority in the east of the Kham Tibetan region between 1911 and 1949. The colonial government established by the Qing Empire in Kham during the five years before the end of dynastic rule relied on central government funding. With the fragmentation of the Chinese state in the Republican period, Chinese regimes in Kham were forced to raise more revenue locally and reduce expenditure. Responding to these challenges shaped the nature of Chinese authority in Kham. The late Qing colonial government had paid Tibetans who provided livestock and labor for transport as part of the 'u-lag corvée. Republican-era governors lacked the resources to do the same. They struggled to develop other ways of controlling the corvée, and attempted to create alternative state transport organizations. Changes in the sources of county government revenue also had important effects on Chinese officials' approach to what they considered to be "wasteland."


6 ORIGINAL PROF-2547 ABSTRACT… From ancient times, humankind has used self-created traditional methods for handling the illnesses and continues to use them along with modern medicine. Even today, more than 70% of the world's population still depends on the complementary and alternative systems of medicine (CAM). The objective of this study is to create awareness of health hazards with the use of CAM therapies and to find out its utility among Pakistani population. Comprehensive questionnaire was developed for the study on the use of CAM and was distributed to 470 patients/attendants in different hospitals of Lahore as well as major hospitals and clinical setups in the peripheral regions of Lahore, Pakistan. Over all, the response rate of the study was 81.7% while 78.1 % population found as CAM user. The most common type of alternative medicine used by patients is from Hakeem (Natural Therapist) which is about 17% and the most frequent disease for which patients often go for CAM therapy is liver diseases (19%). Respondents found inclined towards CAM only due to its marketed false benefits and not because of their dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. Conclusions: A noteworthy population of Pakistan is using CAM therapies from different practitioners, irrespective of any education and awareness about their disease and long-term drawbacks because of improper treatment of the disease. Though adverse events due to the use of CAM therapy are not unusual still a delay in the proper treatment usually ends up in serious consequences and even loss of lives.


Study Design: Cadaveric and biomechanical study. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and pullout strength of medial, partial nonthreaded thoracic pedicle screws compared with conventional screws. Summary of Background Data: The perforation rate of the pedicle screws has been reported as high as 41%. Nerve injury and irritation can result from the compression of malpositioned screw on neural structures. Methods: Ten fresh cadavers were studied. Screws, 5.0 and 6.0 mm, were inserted from T1 to T6 and T7 to T12, respectively. Pedicle perforations and fractures were recorded upon screw insertion and final positioning (nonthreaded portion facing medially) after a wide laminectomy. Pullout strength of novel and conventional screws were then tested using an Instron machine in an artificial bone substitute. Results: A total of 240 thoracic pedicle screws were inserted. Of them, 88.8% (213 screws) were fully contained during screw insertion. There were 5.0% (12 screws) grade 1 medial perforations and 6.2% (15 screws) grade 1 lateral perforations during screw insertion. Upon final positioning, 93.8% (225 screws) were fully contained. All grade 1 medial perforations, which occurred during insertion, were converted to grade 0. No dural or nerve root injuries occurred. Pedicle split fractures were noted in 6.7% (16 screws). The use of medial, partial nonthreaded screws reduced the overall perforation rate from 11.2% to 6.2%. The mean pullout load for the 5 mm fully threaded screw versus medial, partial nonthreaded was 1419.3±106.1 N (1275.8–1538.8 N) and 1336.6±44.2 N (1293.0–1405.1 N) respectively, whereas 6 mm pullout load averaged 2126.0±134.8 N (1986.3–2338.3 N) and 2036.5±210.0 N (1818.4–2355.9 N). The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The use of medial, partial nonthreaded pedicle screws reduced the medial perforation rate from 5.0% to 0%; however, the pullout strength was not significantly reduced. The use of this novel screw can potentially reduce the incidence of nerve injury or irritation after medial pedicle perforations.


Reinforcement learning (RL) has received much attention in recent years due to its adaptability to unpredictable events such as harvested energy and workload, especially in the context of edge computing for Internet-of-Things (IoT) nodes. Due to limited resources in IoT nodes, it is difficult to achieve self-adaptability. This paper studies online reactivity issues of fixed learning rate in the linear actor-critic (LAC) algorithm for transmission duty-cycle control. We propose the LAC-AB algorithm that introduces into the LAC algorithm an adaptive learning rate called Adam for actor update to achieve better adaptability. We introduce a definition of "convergence" when quantitative analysis of convergence is performed. Simulation results using real-life one-year solar irradiance data indicate that, unlike the conventional setups of two decay rate β1,β2 of Adam, smaller β1 such as 0.2–0.4 are suitable for power-failure-sensitive applications and 0.5–0.7 for latency-sensitive applications with β2∈[0.1,0.3]. LAC-AB improves the time of reactivity by 68.5–88.1% in our application; it also fine-tunes the initial learning rate for the initial state and improves the time of fine-tuning by 78.2–84.3%, compared to the LAC. Besides, the number of power failures is drastically reduced to zero or a few occurrences over 300 simulations.


This paper compares deprogramming with exorcism, thought reform, and resocialization, and offers insight into how members of the anticult movement justify their own involvement in "coercive conversion." It serves as a fitting, if ironic, close to this issue on conversion and commitment in contemporary religion.


Nine groups of four Hereford heifers (mean ¦ s.e. liveweight 223 ¦ 3.1 kg), drank water containing either high (650 ppm) or low (10 ppm) magnesium concentrations combined with varying levels (5000,7000,9000, 11 000 ppm) of total soluble salts (TSS) for 79 days. At each level of TSS, high magnesium treatments were obtained by replacing 2550 pprn sodium chloride with an equal amount of magnesium chloride. A control group drank water containing 10 pprn Mg and 2 10 pprn TSS. All animals werq kept in feedlots and fed on hay ad libitum. Mean daily maximum temperature and mean daily evaporation during the experiment were 23¦C and 4.6 mm, respectively. At the various TSS levels, the presence or absence of high levels of magnesium did not significantly affect liveweight gain, feed intake or animal health which suggests that the adverse effects of sodium and magnesium are similar. However, during the first 51 days of the experiment, heifers drinking water containing 11 000 pprn TSS and 650 ppm Mg lost weight and ate less than all other groups. Compared with control animals, those drinking water containing more than 5000 pprn TSS showed reduced liveweight gain (P<0.05) and feed intake during the first 5 1 days of the experiment, but this effect diminished as the experiment progressed. Overall, a TSS level of 5000 ppm caused a large but non-significant reduction in liveweight gain (36.3 v. 25.9 kg) over the 79-day period while a level of 11 000 ppm reduced liveweight by 49% (36.3 v 18.5 kg, P < 0.05)


Exploring the rheological properties of intracellular materials is essential for understanding cellular and subcellular processes. Optical traps have been widely used for physical manipulation of micro and nano objects within fluids enabling studies of biological systems. However, experiments remain challenging as it is unclear how the probe particle's mobility is influenced by the nearby membranes and organelles. We use liposomes (unilamellar lipid vesicles) as a simple biomimetic model of living cells, together with a trapped particle rotated by optical tweezers to study mechanical and rheological properties inside a liposome both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we demonstrate that this system has the capacity to predict the hydrodynamic interaction between three‐dimensional spatial membranes and internal probe particles within submicron distances, and it has the potential to aid in the design of high resolution optical micro/nanorheology techniques to be used inside living cells.


Background Canadian specialist residency training programs are implementing a form of competency-based medical education (CBME) that requires the assessment of entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Dashboards could be used to track the completion of EPAs to support program evaluation. Methods Using a design-based research process, we identified program evaluation needs related to CBME assessments and designed a dashboard containing elements (data, analytics, and visualizations) meeting these needs. We interviewed leaders from the emergency medicine program and postgraduate medical education office at the University of Saskatchewan. Two investigators thematically analyzed interview transcripts to identify program evaluation needs that were audited by two additional investigators. Identified needs were described using quotes, analytics, and visualizations. Results Between July 1, 2019 and April 6, 2021 we conducted 17 interviews with six participants (two program leaders and four institutional leaders). Four needs emerged as themes: tracking changes in overall assessment metrics, comparing metrics to the assessment plan, evaluating rotation performance, and engagement with the assessment metrics. We addressed these needs by presenting analytics and visualizations within a dashboard. Conclusions We identified program evaluation needs related to EPA assessments and designed dashboard elements to meet them. This work will inform the development of other CBME assessment dashboards designed to support program evaluation.


Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) fruits are famous for their unique aroma. This study analysed the Durian fruit transcriptome to discover the expression patterns of genes and to understand their regulation. Three developmental stages of Durian fruit, namely, early [90 days post-anthesis (DPA)], mature (120 DPA), and ripen (127 DPA), were studied. The Illumina HiSeq platform was used for sequencing. The sequence data were analysed using four different mapping aligners and statistical methods: CLC Genomic Workbench, HISAT2+DESeq2, Tophat+Cufflinks, and HISAT2+edgeR. The analyses showed that over 110 million clean reads were mapped to the Durian genome, yielding 19,976, 11,394, 17,833, and 24,351 differentially expressed genes during 90-127 days post-anthesis. Many identified differentially expressed genes were linked to the fruit ripening processes. The data analysis suggests that most genes with increased expression at the ripening stage were primarily involved in the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Significantly expressed genes from the young to mature stage were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. The transcriptome data will serve as a foundation for understanding Durian fruit development-specific genes and could be helpful in fruit's trait improvement.


Although medically children are not at risk, but in the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic has serious implications for children. New evidence do not clearly define renal manifestations. Among the reasons for the lack of efficacy of the ongoing treatment of patients with renal complications, an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis in children who have had a coronavirus infection plays a special role. Biochemical blood tests revealed the elevated blood and urine MC levels which in 1/5 of the patients with high parameters. Moderate proteinuria and transient macrohaematuria were observed in children in the COVID-19 group with renal complications. Children with moderate to severe ChKD with COVID-19 or with recurrent nephrotic syndrome are at risk of severe complications, including severe AKF or ChKF. This data indicates that the children with COVID-19 infection should be closely monitored for the development and progression of RF and special measures should be taken to prevent it.


Non-linear loads are an important fraction of loads in most commercial buildings. Most of these non-linear loads are lighting loads. So a small negative change in their harmonic distortion levels may affect the other loads in the building and the loads that are connected to the same bus. Shunt active power filters inject harmonic current with the same amplitude and opposite phase of the load harmonic current to eliminate the harmonic current flowing into the source. Therefore harmonic and reactive power trouble is solved simultaneously. In this study a three phase shunt active power filter based on synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory is designed and tested with an approximate linear LED model in MATLAB. A three phase current controlled voltage source inverter (VSI) and DC link capacitor is used as an active power filter. Pulses to the inverter are generated by hysteresis band current control (HBCC) technique. The THDI with the shunt active power filter is measured 2.52% which is within the allowable harmonic limits.


BACKGROUND
The high medicinal potential of plants, including edible vegetables, is well documented. Vegetables can afford significant health benefits to consumers, depending on their medicinal properties and nutritional value. This study analysed the antimicrobial activity and nutrient contents of nine commonly consumed Cameroonian vegetables and spices for which such information is at present limited.

METHODS
The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of the vegetables was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution methods against three tomato fungi and two pathogenic bacteria species.

RESULTS
The inhibition zones against fungi ranged from 10–21 mm; Irvingia gabonensis and Apium graveolens showed the highest zones with dose-dependent activity against Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum. The inhibition zones against bacteria ranged from 8–12 mm with Allium porrum having the highest inhibition zone (12 mm). Irvingia gabonensis seeds had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL against F. solani and also had the lowest MIC of 2 mg/mL against S. aureus. Proximate composition and mineral analysis were carried out on the most active antimicrobial vegetables, I. gabonensis seeds and A. graveolens. I. gabonensis seeds were rich in lipids (69.90 ±0.14%) while A. graveolens leaves were rich in protein (35.35 ±0.49%). For macro minerals, phosphorous had the highest concentration in I. gabonensis seeds (359.67 ±1.89 mg/100 g) and A. graveolens leaves (622.14 ±2.69 mg/100 g). Iron content was the highest of micro minerals in I. gabonensis seeds (276.51 ±1.41 mg/100 g) while zinc concentration was   the highest in A. graveolens leaves (16.86 ±0.27 mg/100 g).

CONCLUSIONS
This study has shown that three of the nine Cameroonian vegetables, I. gabonensis seeds, Apium graveolens and A. porrum, may potentially offer both antimicrobial and nutritional benefits to consumers. Consequently, further studies should be conducted to ascertain the effect of cooking and other factors in order to maximize these benefits.


We explain how modern programmable logic devices have capabilities that are well suited for them to assume a central role in the implementation of networked systems, now and in the future. To date, such devices have featured largely in ASIC substitution roles within networked systems; this usage has been highly successful, allowing faster times to market and reduced engineering costs. We argue that there are many additional opportunities for productively using these devices. The requirement is exposure of their high inherent computational concurrency matched by concurrent memory accessibility, their rich on-chip interconnectivity and their complete programmability, at a higher level of abstraction that matches the implementation needs of networked systems. We discuss specific examples supporting this view, and present a highly flexible soft platform architecture at an appropriate level of abstraction from physical devices. This may be viewed as a particularly configurable and programmable type of network processor, offering scope both for innovative networked system implementation and for new directions in networking research. In particular, it is aimed at facilitating scalable solutions, matching differently resourced programmable logic devices to differing performance and sophistication requirements of networked systems, from cheap consumer appliances to high-end network switching.


Summary The inhibition of α-chymotrypsin induced by cerebrospinal fluid from patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type, vascular dementia, and nondemented controls was investigated. We optimized the sensitivity of the assay so that the inhibition of α-chymotrypsin could be measured in all samples. The competitive inhibition was proportional to the amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) added to the reaction mixture. After correction for protein concentration, the inhibition was higher with CSF from patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type than with those from patients with vascular dementia or controls. Inhibitory activity appeared to be specific for α-chymotrypsin because no inhibition for papain was found. Moreover, the depletion of α1-antichymotrypsin from CSF by immunoadsorption revealed that this serpin was responsible for the disappearance of the inhibitory activity. Our findings suggested that the increased α-chymotrypsin inhibitory activity might represent an in vivo functional index of an abnormal protease metabolism in patients with Alzheimer's disease.


DNA sequences of Mycobacterium leprae in particular regions of the gyrA, rpoB, and folP genes responsible for resistance to new quinolones, rifampicin and dapsone, respectively, were analyzed. Among 88 isolates of M. leprae from leprosy patients in Japan, Haiti, Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines, eleven isolates had mutational changes in 2 genes (resistance to 2 drugs), and 2 isolates (Shinsei-1 and Zensho-4) showed mutations in 3 genes (resistance to 3 drugs). These findings are suggesting emergence of multi-drug resistant M. leprae.


This paper describes the latest results of research in the areas of etiopathogenesis and treatment of cecal dilatation/-dislocation (CDD) in cows. Similar etiopathogenic mechanisms of CDD and displacement of the abomasum, as has been hypothesized in the literature, were not confirmed. Spontaneous CDD is most likely the consequence of a dysfunction of the spiral colon. Bethanechol is an appropriate motility-modulating drug for medical and postsurgical treatment of spontaneous CDD.


This invention relates to an oral or enteral pharmaceutical preparation comprising at least one synthetically cyclised alpha-conotoxin peptide having an amide cyclised backbone such that the peptide has no free N- or C- terminus, said peptide having the ability to inhibit a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and comprising four cysteine residues bonded in pairs to form two disulfide bonds, wherein the N-terminus of the corresponding linear/non-cyclised conotoxin peptide is linked to the C-terminus by a peptide linker, in a vehicle which is pharmaceutically suitable for oral or enteral administration.


Standing for long periods of time has been recognized as a potential contributor to muscle fatigue. When a person is performing activities in prolonged standing and wearing ineffective material of shoe insole, not only lead to muscle fatigue but can even cause injuries in the long term. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of two types of shoe insole materials; Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and a combination of polyurethane (PU) and poron on muscle activity and foot pressure. The analysis of muscle fatigue was performed using surface electromyography (sEMG) while pressure under the foot was measured using FScan device. Results of comparison found that the two types of shoe insole materials showed significant difference (p-value < 0.05) in electromyography signals (µV) in the left and right gastrocnemius muscle while there are significant reductions on the peak pressure measured from the foot pressure measurement. It can be concluded that the combination of PU and poron is an effective material to be used a shoe insole for a person who is exposed to prolonged periods of standing.


Bartter syndrome (BS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting renal tubular potassium handling, is characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal salt wasting. In this report, we describe an adult patient with longstanding clinical symptoms of fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, mental retardation, and physical dysplasia along with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis as laboratory findings. With these clinical symptoms, a patient can be diagnosed with BS type III. Renal biopsy and genetic testing were performed for further confirmation of the diagnosis, revealing renin granular deposits in the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JA) with JA hyperplasia. DNA sequencing detected a heterozygous synonymous mutation, c.1140G>A, in exon 12 of the CLCNKB gene, which could be traced back to a heterozygous synonymous mutation in the patient's mother, who does not have BS.
.


Proceedings of the Conference on Constructive Theory of Funct ions . E d i t e d b y G. A L E X I T S and S. B . S T B C H K I N . P p . 538. £9. 1972. (Akademiai Kiado , Budapes t . ) This volume contains t h e 52 papers read a t t he Conference on Approximat ion Theory in Budapes t in 1969. The topics t r ea t ed include new results on polynomial approximat ion , approx imat ion b y ra t ional functions a n d in terpola t ion. T h e papers a re in English, German a n d Russian. The opening contr ibut ion is an appreciat ion, b y G. Szego, of FejeVs great contr ibut ions t o Construct ive Func t ion Theory, in pa r t i cular in t h e s t u d y of Four ie r series. The volume ends wi th a list of unsolved problems proposed by the par t ic ipants of t he Conference.


INTRODUCTION
The firing of a nursing manager was first documented in the 80' in US.

AIM
To describe the involuntary turnover according to the literature and a case-story.

METHODS
Literature review and interview to a key informant.

RESULTS
The involuntary turnover is preceded by a hard time with indicators of a difficult relationships with the management; it initiates a profound crisis comparable to the loss of a significant person and feelings of failure prevail, self esteem and self confidence decrease. If the manager is fired, external help may be necessary - included psychological counseling - to overcome the traumatic experience. Before effectively facing the future, some time may be needed to deal with the loss effectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The firing of a nursing manager is not an exception in Italy but the literature and discussion on the problem is lacking.