Article is devoted to a problem of activization of independent work of students of technical university. It is shown that among a set of Internet resources it is almost impossible to find what completely reflects the maintenance of a concrete subject of studied discipline. Need of development of author''s electronic educational resources which will meet the set requirements locates. The structure and the maintenance of a resource, and also results of approbation is given in real educational process.


The present paper is an analysis of Swedish law, as expressed obiter dictum in the Supreme Administrative Court decision of HFD 2012 ref. 20, regarding applicability of Swedish general anti avoidance rules in relation to tax treaty commitments. The purpose of the paper is to put Swedish law, as envisaged by HFD 2012 ref. 20, into an international perspective by drawing internationally relevant conclusions on advantages and disadvantages in the Court's standpoint by reference to supportive as well as opposing pieces of argumentation derived from international doctrinal debate. Three main concerns a propos the Swedish Court's standpoint form the point of departure for analysis, touching upon issues of applying domestic law without direct authorization in treaties, requisites for treaty abuse and requirements posed by international customary law. These aspects form the basis onto which doctrinal opinions are applied as templates for support and contradictions to appear. Thus, in drawing conclusions on advantages and disadvantages in the Court's standpoint, international doctrine serve as important parameters.


The au;hors report 12 cases of Fallot' tetralogy with stenosis or obstruction of one of the two branches of the pulmonary artery following palliative anterior anastomosis. The complications of correction by open heart surgery include the frequent incidence of pulmonary hypertension, which was responsible for 4 deaths. No satisfactory explanation could be found for these poor results. It is desirable to avoid the creation of asymetry in pulmonary blood supply in Fallot's tetralogy and, if such should be found, suggestions are made for its correction by open heart surgery in order to improve the prognosis.


Jack Ryan defends the USA against economic sabotage from the East that escalates into war in Tom Clancy's record-breaking Sunday Times No 1 bestseller - now reissued in a new cover. It begins with the murder of an American woman in the back streets of Tokyo. It ends in war... Called out of retirement to serve as the new President's National Security Adviser, Jack Ryan quickly realizes that the problems of peace are fully as complex as those of war. Enemies have become friends, friends enemies, and even the form of conflict has changed. When one of those new enemies readies a strike not only at America's territory, but at the heart of her economy, it is Ryan who must somehow prepare an untested President to meet the challenge. For there is a debt of honour to be paid - and the price will be terrifyingly high...


modern society make analysis of the capitalistic system, from any point of view, valuable and stimulating. According to Marxian interpretation, the postwar outburst of economic nationalism represents the last stand of decaying capitalism. Large-scale monopolistic organizations have seized the state, erected high tariff walls, and used surplus capital to develop and control backward countries. International trade has deceased, while international rivalry has flourished. Keener competition for foreign and domestic markets must inevitably lead to reduction of production costs, by slowing up scientific research and decreasing the worker's standard of living, and to war. Economists seeking to improve conditions are classified as &dquo;market restorers&dquo; and &dquo;national planners.&dquo; The return of the prewar free market is not possible because it would involve reversal of current trends: breaking up the gTeat trusts; divorcing the &dquo;commercial and state apparatus&dquo; ; leveling tariff barriers; discarding social services and static wage rates; and establishing monetary control on a world basis. True national planning is not even compatible with a state composed of a single monopoly, because imperialism cannot be eliminated. It can be carried on only under communism, where the instruments of


We have designed and synthesized a new series of 1-benzothiazolylphenylbenzotriazoles 9a–p and studied their antimetastatic mechanism involved in photosensitive effects induced by UVA in oral cancer cell Ca9-22. Our results revealed that the compounds plus UVA significantly suppressed migration and invasion, as detected by wound healing assay and Boyden chamber assay. Quantitative RT-PCR assay indicated that compound 9i plus UVA induced an antimetastatic effect through up-regulation of syndecan-1 and TIMP-3 and down-regulation of heparanase, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions. Western blot analysis showed that Ca9-22 treated with 9i plus UVA resulted in decreased levels of p-EGFR and p-ERK, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and an increased level of TIMP-3. These results are the first to report the function of UVA-activated 1-benzothiazolylphenylbenzotriazoles in tumor metastasis and their underlying molecular mechanism, and thus suggest that compound 9i plus PDT may serve as a potential ancillary modality for the treatment of oral cancer.


This article analyses small firm responses to a major economic downturn, based on empirical investigation in the UK and New Zealand. Despite differences in the timing and depth of the downturn, there is remarkable similarity in the sectoral composition of small enterprises and methods of financing in reported recession-related effects and business performance during 2008–2009. While recognising that the study focused on surviving businesses, in neither country did the downturn have a consistently negative impact on small businesses and in both countries a significant minority of firms surveyed performed well. The study provides much needed evidence on small businesse responses to major economic crisis. Conceptually it demonstrates that although many small firms are vulnerable to changes in circumstances over which they have no control, they show underlying resilience and a high level of adaptability and flexibility. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to show how the types of adaptive behaviour observed impact on business performance.


Dyscivilization and Dysmentalization. The Derailment of the Civilizing Process from a Psychoanalytic Perspective.
Is massive organized violence and destruction a manifestation of modernity or rather its opposite, ie, a breakdown of civilization? De Swaan's (1999) concept of "dyscivilization" transcends this opposition: at the core of the civilizing process, sometimes a contrary current manifests itself allowing extreme violence on a mass scale to perpetrate toward specific categories of people, while civilized relations and modes of expression are maintained in other sections of society. Compartimentalization is the social arrangement and the psychic mechanism par excellence in a dyscivilizing society. To maintain it requires both rigid separations and carefully staged passages between the civilized and decivilized emotional and interactional domains. It is argued that for the perpetrators a developmental defect in mentalizing capacity or reflective function ("non-mentalization") strongly facilitates the perpetrator's psychological separation of their experiences in the sites of destruction from all other mental processes or social encounters. For the majority of people who are not victims of barbarism, have no participation in it, and do not oppose it, the integration of the genocidal violence in their personal and collective self image includes a partial and selective decline in mentalizing capacity ("dysmentalization"). These disorders in mentalization ("dysmentalization") are described in both their psychological and social origins. 37 References. Adapted from the source document.


Realization of the freezing points of indium, tin and zinc using new stainless steel–cased cells is reported. The stainless steel–cased cells were compared against classic fused silica–cased cells, and the differences between them were within 0.2 mK for all three fixed points. The long-term stabilities of the new cells were checked after about one year of use and no obvious drifts have been detected. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) was estimated to be 0.7 mK for the indium point, 0.8 mK for the tin point, and 1.0 mK for the zinc point. It was tried to simplify the fixed-point realization by using a small portable furnace and melting plateau for "secondary" calibrations with just a little larger uncertainty.


A Geographic Information System (GIS) provides the ability to manage and analyze all types of geographic and environmental information. It performs these functions by providing the tools necessary to capture, access, analyze, and display spatially referenced information in graphic and tabular form. Typical data elements that can be visualized in a map might include roads, buildings, topography, streams, waste areas, monitoring wells, groundwater measurements, soil sample results, landcover, and demography. The intent of this document is to provide data management and quality assurance (QA) guidelines that will aid implementors and users of GIS technology and data bases. These guidelines should be useful in all, phases of GIS activities, including the following: (1) project planning, (2) data collection and generation, (3) data maintenance and management, (4) QA and standards, (5) project implementation, (6) spatial analysis and data interpretation, (7) data transformation and exchange, and (8) output and reporting. The daily use of desktop GIS technologies within Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (Energy Systems), is a relatively new phenomenon, but usage is increasing rapidly. Large volumes of GIS-related data are now being collected and analyzed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) and its facilities. It is verymore » important to establish and follow good data management practices for GIS. In the absence of such practices, data-related problems will overwhelm users for many years. In comparison with traditional data processing and software life-cycle management, there is limited information on GIS QA techniques, data standards and structures, configuration control, and documentation practices. This lack of information partially results from the newness of the technology and the complexity of spatial information and geographic analysis techniques as compared to typical tabular data management.« less


The stereochemical course of the reaction catalyzed by the EcoRV restriction endonuclease has been determined. This endonuclease recognizes GATATC sequence and cuts between the central T and dA bases. The Rp isomer of d(GACGATsATCGTC) (this dodecamer contains a phosphorothioate rather than the usual phosphate group between the central T and dA residues, indicated by the s) was a substrate for the endonuclease. Performing this reaction in H2 18O gave [18O]dps(ATCGTC) (a pentamer containing an 18O-labeled 5'-phosphorothioate) which was converted to [18O]dAMPS with nuclease P1. This deoxynucleoside 5'-[18O]phosphorothioate was stereospecifically converted to [18O]dATP alpha S with adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase [Brody, R. S., & Frey, P. A. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 1245-1251]. Analysis of the position of the 18O in this product by 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that it was in a bridging position between the alpha- and beta-phosphorus atoms. This indicates that the EcoRV hydrolysis proceeds with inversion of configuration at phosphorus. The simplest interpretation is that the mechanism of this endonuclease involves a direct in-line attack at phosphorus by H2O with a trigonal bipyramidal transition state. A covalent enzyme oligodeoxynucleotide species can be discounted as an intermediate. An identical result has been previously observed with the EcoR1 endonuclease [Connolly, B. A., Eckstein, F., & Pingoud, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10760-10763]. X-ray crystallography has shown that both of these endonucleases contain a conserved array of amino acids at their active sites. Possible mechanistic roles for these conserved amino acids in the light of the stereochemical findings are discussed.


This study assessed the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on epicardial conductance and blood flow regulatory vessels over a wide dose range (10(-10) to 10(-6) mol NTG) in chronically instrumented awake mongrel dogs. NTG bolus injection caused dose-dependent dilation of both conductance and blood flow regulatory vessels. The dose-response curves for blood flow were shifted markedly to the right of the response of conductance vessels so that the proximal vessels had reached 50% of their maximum vasodilation before significant increases in blood flow. The calculated doses for half-maximal vasodilation were 2.8 x 10(-8) and 7.8 x 10(-7) mol for conductance and blood flow, respectively, indicating an approximately 39 times greater sensitivity of the proximal vessels to NTG. NTG had a striking dose-dependent effect on the duration of vasodilation of conductance vessels but did not have a dose-dependent duration effect on coronary blood flow. Although acetylcholine demonstrated a dose-dependent response effect on the conductance vessels similar to NTG, the conductance and resistance vessels demonstrated the same sensitivity to acetylcholine, supporting the view that differences in the mechanics of vasodilation of the two vessel segments did not account for the differential sensitivities to NTG.


Organizations rely on their mission to attract resources and guide decision-making. The mission is more than a statement or a symbol; it is a tool that provides a clear, compelling statement of purpose that is disseminated both internally and externally. Increasingly mission statements are recognized as a strong management tool that can motivate employees and keep them focused on the purpose of the organization. Often times, the mission statement attracts clients, donors, funders, employees, and volunteers to a nonprofit organization. Reliance on the mission as a management tool is recognized as an effective strategy to improve performance in many organizations. Given its significant and fundamental role relatively little is known about how missions are perceived by employees and how those perceptions relate to other organizational attitudes (e.g., satisfaction) and behaviors (e.g., turnover). This research effort investigated employee attitudes toward the mission in a youth and recreation service organization. Specifically, this study investigated how employee attitudes toward the mission were related to employee satisfaction and to what extent attitudes toward the mission accounted for expressed intentions to stay with the organization. An anonymous survey was distributed to 991 employees of a multiple-branch YMCA (nonprofit youth and recreation services organization) with 16 geographically dispersed locations. In general, the employees expressed positive attitudes toward the mission of the organization and those attitudes were related to employee satisfaction and intentions to remain with the organization. However, dissatisfaction with pay tended to override mission attachment as a rationale for staying with the organization, especially for full-time employees. Mission attachment seems to be an important determinant of retention, but the findings suggest mission should be utilized with other intrinsic factors to help dampen the impact of perceived lower salaries. This implies that mission might be more salient in attracting employees, but less effective at retaining them. Implications pinpoint the importance of communications and the role of supervisors and managers working directly with both part-time and full-time employees to increase job satisfaction and employee retention.


Background. The Lithuanian Prostate Cancer Early Diagnosis Program (LPCEDP) was launched in 2006. Our study aimed to evaluate the PSA testing offered by general practicians for prostate cancer screening as its results may differ from those reported in randomised screening studies.
Materials and methods. In the LPCEDP, GPs offered a PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test for informed men aged 50–75 years. A PSA > 3 ng/ml was a cut-off limit for referral to urologist. The study group comprised men aged 50–75 years, diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2006–2009. The Lithuanian Cancer Registry data: age at diagnosis, date of diagnosis, clinical stage. The state Patient Fund data: dates of PSA testing in the LPCEDP. The distribution of clinical stages of prostate cancer was analysed in the following age groups: 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, 70–75 years. The incidence rate was expressed as cases per 100000 men per year. The logistic regression model was used to assess the effect of the LPCEDP.
Results. In 2006–2009, early prostate cancer accounted for 60.9% of incidence in
the study group. The LPCEDP resulted in a sharp rise of the incidence of prostate
cancer in 2007, followed by a gradual decline. Major changes in stage II and III tumour incidence resulted in stage migration. The peaks of total prostate cancer incidence and stage II cancer incidence among men aged 65–75 years coincided. In all age groups except 50–54 years, the incidence of stage III prostate cancer followed a downward trend since 2006. The logistic regression model showed that using the LPCEDP significantly increased the chances of men to be diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early stage.
Conclusions. The LPCEDP has resulted in a high incidence of prostate cancer (especially of stage II) in men aged 65–75 years. A steady decline of stage III prostate cancer incidence was observed. Men aged 50–54 years cannot benefit from the LPCEDP as they seldom come to GPs. In the current situation, overdiagnosis and overtreatment in men aged over 65 years may overshadow the benefits of timely PSA testing in younger men.

Keywords: prostate cancer, early diagnosis, PSA


The large flap sculptured facelift is a redraping rather than a pinching or pulling operation. The skin flaps are redraped over the tightened, sculptured underlying fat-musculoaponeurosis. This procedure can be performed on a majority of patients with minimal complications.


ABSTRACT PURPOSE: While the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has yet to be fully clarified, a huge amount of data suggests the involvement of endocannabinoid system and neurotrophic factors in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, only a very limited number of studies have investigated these two systems together. With this disease containing various unknowns, our primary aim was to simultaneously investigate the serum levels of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enzymes, which play significant roles in endocannabinoid system mechanisms, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a frequently investigated and important neurotrophic factor in patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS: This study comprised a total of 34 (24 men, 10 women) schizophrenia patients and 35 (26 men, 9 women) healthy control groups, aged between 18 and 65 years. PANNS and Clinical Global Impression Scale Severity of Illness (CGI-SI) were used to measure disease severity. Serum FAAH, MAGL and BDNF levels of the patients and controls were measured by conventional methods. FINDINGS: Compared to the healthy control group, patients with schizophrenia had decreased FAAH activity, increased MAGL activity and lower BDNF levels. No correlation was noted between BDNF serum levels with FAAH or MAGL activities. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study showed that there were changes in the levels of metabolizing enzymes of the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia patients, and these changes were accompanied by a decrease in BDNF levels. While this study provided important information, primarily investigating endocannabinoids and the neurotrophic factor in schizophrenia, future research should be conducted on better designed patient groups and investigate additional parameters.


The paper presents an experimental study of coalescing filters for separating oil from compressed air in industrial systems. A test bench for measuring filter efficiency was set up which reproduces several typical operating conditions of pneumatic systems. Tests were carried out on commercial products, using filters of different sizes as well as several borosilicate cartridges of similar size and shape. Preliminary analysis of cartridges indicated significant differences in glass fiber dimensions and binder composition. Test results made it possible to compare performance achieved by the different configurations in terms of efficiency and pressure drop. Further measurements were repeated with different cartridge supply system geometries. One of the tested filter-cartridge-supply system configurations was then used to investigate system behavior while varying certain operating parameters individually: air velocity, oil concentration, filter supply pressure, and operating time. Results are presented in statistical form.


This 18-year-old woman presented with headache and diplopia over several months and was found to have an enhancing pineal tumor with resultant obstructive hydrocephalus. Following standard preoperative diagnostic tests, including spinal axis imaging, the patient was taken to the operating room for an endoscopic third ventriculostomy to relieve hydrocephalus and then subsequently underwent a craniotomy for gross-total resection of the pineal mass. The patient was discharged after an uneventful hospital course and received standard adjuvant cranial-spinal radiation and chemotherapy as an outpatient. Follow-up imaging 1 year after surgery demonstrated a metabolically active, lytic lesion in the C-3 vertebral body and new lung lesions suggesting a metastatic pineoblastoma. The patient underwent a C-3 anterior corpectomy and reconstruction without complication as aggressive therapy for presumed metastatic disease. Final pathological results from the vertebral lesion were consistent with radiation-induced reactive changes, not metastatic pineoblastoma as originally suspected. The patient recovered well and remains symptom free. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of reactive changes mimicking metastasis in a single vertebral body following standard therapy for resected primary pineoblastoma.


We have been developing a high repetition (5 kHz) and high power (5 kW) Nd: YAG laser system pumped by cw LDs for EUV lithography. Design concepts and experimental results will be reported.


Rhino-orbital-cerebral mycosis (ROCM) is a life-threatening fungal disease associated mostly with Mucoralean fungi. The infection presents as headache, vision loss, proptosis, ptosis, painful ophthalmoplegia, and peripheral face palsy, with a high mortality (>80% for infections that spread to the brain) and severe morbidity, such as eyeball exenteration and vision loss. In our hospital, a 61-year-old woman with diabetes was diagnosed with rhino-orbital-cerebral infection caused by Alternaria infectoria. Cavernous sinus thromboses (CST) were seen in surgery, pathology, and MRI. She did not respond to potent antifungal therapy until the adding of anti-thrombosis drugs. By analyzing our case, together with the ones that have been published, we realized that fungal thrombosis in the cavernous sinus is the main pathophysiological problem in ROCM that typically shows mass enhancement within the cavernous sinus in radiographic images, thrombosis with characteristics of ischemia and infarction in pathology. Anticoagulation/antithrombus therapy might be helpful in the management of ROCM if potent antifungal treatment does not have effect.


p-Nitrophenylchlorocarbene reacted reversibly with diethyl ether, di-n-propyl ether, or tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form O-ylides, which were visualized by their UV-visible spectroscopic signatures. Equilibrium constants (K(eq)) were determined spectroscopically and ranged from 0.10 M(-1) (di-n-propyl ether) to 7.5 M(-1) (THF) at 295 K. Studies of K(eq) as a function of temperature afforded ΔH(o), ΔS(o), and ΔG(o) for the di-n-propyl ether and THF/O-ylide equilibria. ΔH(o) was favorable for ylide formation, but ΔS(o) was quite negative, so that ΔG(o)s for the equilibria were small. Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory provided structures, spectroscopic signatures, and energetics for the carbene/ether O-ylides.


Abstract This study attempted to investigate the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) on the environmental attitudes of preservice science teachers. In the study, an experimental design was used with a pre-test and post-test control group. In all, 51 junior preservice science teachers participated in the study. The study was carried out over 10 weeks within the scope of an environmental science course. During the study, lessons in the experimental group were processed using a PBL approach while lessons in the control group were processed using a traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a personal information form and environmental attitudes inventory. Data were then analysed using PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc.). The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant increase in favour of the experimental group preservice science teachers' environmental attitudes. An increase in environmental attitudes was also found in the control group; however, this increase was not statistically significant. As a result, PBL was found to be more effective than the traditional teaching approach in the development of environmental attitudes in preservice science teachers.


Background Imputation accuracy among other things depends on the size of the reference panel, the marker's minor allele frequency (MAF), and the correct placement of variants on the reference genome assembly. Using high-density genotypes of 3938 Nellore cattle from Brazil, we investigated the accuracy of imputation from 50K to 777K SNP density, using map positions determined according to the bovine genome assemblies UMD3.1 and ARS-UCD1.2. We assessed the effect of reference and target panel sizes on the pre-phasing-based imputation quality using ten-fold cross-validation. Further, we compared the reliability of the model-based imputation quality score (Rsq) from Minimac3 to empirical imputation accuracy. Results The overall accuracy of imputation measured as the squared correlation between true and imputed allele dosages (R2dose) was virtually identical using either the UMD3.1 or ARS-UCD1.2 genome assembly. When the size of the reference panel increased from 250 to 2000, R2dose increased from 0.845 to 0.917, and the number of polymorphic markers in the imputed data set increased from 586,701 to 618,660. Advantages in both accuracy and marker density were also observed when larger target panels were imputed, likely resulting from more accurate haplotype inference. Imputation accuracy and the marker density in the imputed data increased from 0.903 to 0.913 and from 593,239 to 595,570 when haplotypes were inferred in 500 and 2900 target animals, respectively. The model-based imputation quality scores from Minimac3 (Rsq) were highly correlated to but systematically higher than empirically estimated accuracies. The correlation between these metrics increased with the size of the reference panel and MAF of imputed variants. Conclusions Accurate imputation of BovineHD BeadChip markers is possible in Nellore cattle using the new bovine reference genome assembly ARS-UCD1.2. The use of large reference and target panels improves the accuracy of the imputed genotypes and provides genotypes for more markers segregating at low frequency for downstream genomic analyses. The model-based imputation quality score from Minimac3 (Rsq) can be used to detect poorly imputed variants but its reliability depends on the size of the reference panel used and MAF of the imputed variants.


Introduction: Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important and measurable risk factor for osteoporotic fractures. Many studies showed higher bone mineral density and lower incidence of fracture in rural population compared to urban population. But all these studies were done in developed countries and very few studies were found in developing countries. This study was carried out to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) in women of both urban and rural dwellers and to evaluation the rate of occurrence of osteoporosis in these two groups. Method: A total 376 women with age range 35 to 85 were analyzed and divided in two groups. Group I rural (n204) and group II urban (n- 172), who were studied at two different Nuclear Medicine centers of Dhaka with different problems specially for low back pain and joint pain. Bone mineral density of lumbar spines (L2-L4) in anterior-posterior position and hip were measured using the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-DEXA (Norland XR36). The T- scores were calculated and results were compared between rural and urban women. The history of physical activity, dietary intake of calcium, smoking habit, number of parity and socio-economic condition was also compared with BMD. Results: The mean T score of lumber spines in rural group was -2.31±1.10 and in urban group was -1.78±1.03. The hip of rural group showed mean T score -3.11±1.09 and urban group -3.02±1.09. Mean bone mineral density was lower in rural women than urban but statistically no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P <0.01 and P <0.02 respectively). In rural group 39.2 % cases showed osteoporosis in lumbar spines and 76.4% cases in hip. In comparison the urban group revealed osteoporosis in lumbar spines in 22.7% cases and in hip 40.9% cases. Conclusion: This study revealed lower bone mineral density in rural women than urban in our study population but this difference is statistically not significant. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 39-42, January 2015


The United States plays an important role in addressing both food insecurity and climate change. Agriculture sits at the nexus of these two issues, which some have called "wicked problems" due to their pernicious effects and the complexity of their causes and their solutions (Rittel and Webber 1973). While public and policy discussion often concentrate on the role agriculture may play in contributing to climate change, it also has great potential for climate adaptation and mitigation. This is because some agriculture systems have the potential to adapt to climate change using selective management approaches, while also providing mitigation benefits (Shakoor et al. 2022). Through agriculture we have unique opportunities to help mitigate climate change in ways not possible in other industries or systems.


Breast cancer in men accounts for less than 1 per cent of all breast cancers in the UK, but for each man diagnosed it is devastating and life threatening. As a man with breast cancer, I know how awful it is.


Objectives. To evaluate the impact of zidovudine (ZDV) intervention on vertical transmission and HIV-related mortality in two groups of pregnant mothers and their respective infants. Methods. A modified long course Paediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group 076 protocol was used. None of the infants was breast-fed. Maternal CD4 T lymphocyte counts and viral loads were not monitored. Infants were followed for clinical progress, and serial serologic testing was performed to the age of 24 months, or until two successive HIV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests were negative. In a historically case-controlled prospective study, the transmission rate in ZDV-untreated mother-infant pairs in which infants were born during 1991 through 1995 was compared with the transmission rate in ZDV-treated mother-infant pairs in which infants were born between 1996 and 2000. Results. In the 151 HIV-seropositive pregnant women and their 153 infants studied (2 pairs of twins), 93 mother-infant pairs were treated, and 59 were untreated (control group). Vertical transmission occurred in 5.5% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.9 to 12.5] of the treated group of infants and in 27.1% (95% CI 16.7 to 40.5) of the untreated group. There was a 79.7% (95% CI 59.8 to 92.1%) relative reduction risk of transmission, which was statistically significant (z =3.18, two tailed P = 0.0001). Three infant deaths (3.7%) were recorded in the untreated group, and 1(1%) death was recorded in the treated group. In ZDV-untreated infants, deaths occurred at age <1 year, resulting from respiratory complications. One ZDV-treated infant died at 4 years of age with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Conclusions. Our study demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the vertical transmission of HIV after intervention with ZDV therapy.


In response to four commentaries on our paper 'Regendering care in the aftermath of recession?', we extend our discussion of the ongoing knowledge gap that prevails around shifting patterns of male work/care. Recognizing the spatial limits of extant theories of male primary caregiving, we discuss first the need to attend to the variegated landscapes of male caregiving across the globe. Likewise, the theoretical stakes of expanding the focus of 'mainstream' analysis to take account of the situated experiences and knowledges of men and women in countries of the global South. We then consider the subjects of our research inquiry (the 'who' of contemporary fathering) and how different definitions of male primary caregivers may reveal or conceal patterns and shifts in male caregiving practices. Lastly we consider questions of scale and research methodology. Although our paper employs a national-level analysis, we fully endorse the use of alternative scalar lenses and underline the need to analyse male care within the context of multiscalar and interacting sites of normative change: from nation state, to community, to home, to the body.


This paper considers real orthogonal $n\times n$ matrices whose diagonal entries are zero and off-diagonal entries nonzero, which are referred to as $\OMZD(n)$. It is shown that there exists an $\OMZD(n)$ if and only if $n\neq 1,\ 3$, and that a symmetric $\OMZD(n)$ exists if and only if $n$ is even and $n\neq 4$. Also, a construction of $\OMZD(n)$ obtained from doubly regular tournaments is given. Finally, the results are applied to determine the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of matrices associated with some families of graphs, and the related notion of orthogonal matrices with partially-zero diagonal is considered.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are major causes of dementia, and when combined lead to accelerated cognitive loss. We hypothesized that biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation could be used to stratify patients into diagnostic groups. Diagnosis of AD can be made biologically with detection of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and vascular disease can be identified with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We recruited patients with cognitive complaints and made an initial clinical diagnosis. After one year of follow-up we made a biological diagnosis based on the use of biomarkers obtained from DTI, CSF AD, and inflammatory proteins, and neuropsychological testing. Patients with AD had primarily findings of neurodegeneration (CSF showing increased tau and reduced amyloid), while patients with neuroinflammation had abnormal DTI mean diffusion (MD) in the white matter. Using the biological biomarkers resulted in many of the clinically diagnosed AD patients moving into mixed dementia (MX). Biomarkers of inflammation tended to be higher in the MX than in either the AD or VCID, suggesting dual pathology leads to increased inflammation, which could explain accelerated cognitive decline in that group.


Abstract Hsp70 is a phylogenetically highly conserved protein family present in all eukaryotic organisms tested so far. Its synthesis is induced by proteotoxic stress. The detection of Hsp70 in foraminifera is presented here for the first time. We introduce a standard immunoblotting protocol modified for the detection of Hsp70 in shallow-water benthic foraminifera. Additionally, we showed a temperature-dependent expression pattern of Hsp70 in Ammonia tepida.


The present case reports the bilateral anopthalmia in a five day old male graded Murrah buffalo calf. The eyelids were closed and the eyeballs were not visible. The eyelids were undersized, upper eyelid had long cilia but the lower eye lid lack cilia. The palpebral fissure was so small as to prevent retraction of the eyelids at five days old. At three months old the size of the right palpebral fissure was 1.9×0.8 cm and that of left was 2.1×0.8 cm. Dissection of skull and brain at three months age revealed the abnormal tissue masses in the orbit which could not be easily identified as ocular. Orbital cavity showed remnants of ocular muscles, fibrous tissue and some fat. There was a small conjunctival sac. Cornea, sclera, choroid, iris, ciliary body, retina and lens were not found grossly. The nictitating membrane was not detectable. Optic foramen was pin head sized. The ventral aspect of the brain revealed hypotrophied optic chiasma and the optic tracts and absence of optic nerves. History and the bull semen register revealed that the specified animal and its dam were produced by the same bull's semen. Even though it was not confirmatory it was helpful to suggest hereditary involvement.


Dr. Shukri's reply to the discussion (pp. 530-4) ::— The author thanks the speakers for their kind remarks and for their interest in the work. He also thanks Dr. Sandford for his answers to the questions raised. He fully agrees with Dr. Sandford that the Blue Nile and Atbara sediments were not added suddenly to the Nile system. Their material appeared for the first time in Lower Palaeolithic terraces and were absent in Pliocene and Plio-Pleistocene sediments. In reference to Dr. Wiseman's remarks, the author states that local contamination is observed at present along the course of the Nile and is not restricted to the cataracts. Some of the Nile sediments in Egypt, for example, contain Nummulites and other fossils derived from the sedimentary formations north of the first or Aswan cataract. These, and any other material brought from the neighbouring deserts by wind or by casual torrents, are, however,of negligible importance in the recent sediments, as can be seen at present. The mechanical constitution of the sediments was determined and the clay fractions were investigated and the results will be given elsewhere. In reply to Mr. Edmonds, the genetic significance of the uncommon minerals which are liable to spice the assemblages of the commoner minerals was taken into consideration in the paper. Some of these very scarce minerals are recorded as one grain in one slide out of five. On the other hand, the author sees no objection to the use of the more abundant minerals as evidence in


Abstract Yeast-derived 1,3/1,6 β-glucans may alter host immunity to produce robust and quickly resolved responses that align with companion animal health goals. In adult dogs, immunomodulation by yeast 1,3/1,6 β-glucans in extruded kibble diet have not been well documented. The study objective was to evaluate systemic immune responses in dogs fed kibble diets with two yeast 1,3/1,6 β-glucans doses before and after vaccine challenge. Twenty-four adult Labrador Retrievers were assigned to three dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet (control) supplemented with 0.012% or 0.023% (0.5 or 1×, respectively) yeast 1,3/1,6 β-glucan with equal sex representation within each treatment (8 dogs/diet). Animals were fed experimental diets for a 29-d acclimation period, after which baseline blood samples were collected before administration of a combination canine distemper virus, parvovirus, and adenovirus-2 vaccine. Blood samples were collected weekly for 21 d following vaccination with whole blood for CBC analysis, serum for titer and cytokine assays, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated for flow cytometric immune cell profiling. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure with diet and timepoint fixed effects. Serum titer was analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test (SAS 9.4; P ≤ 0.05). Prior to vaccination, β-glucan diets did not affect serum cytokines, antibody titer, or immune cell populations. In the first 7 d post-vaccination (dpv), PBMC CD21low B cells increased 36.5% to 58.1% in all groups but the magnitude of change was lesser in the 0.5× β-glucan diet resulting in 25.6% lower CD21low populations compared to control-fed dogs (P = 0.007). By 21 dpv, B-cell populations recovered to baseline levels in dogs fed 1× β-glucan, but CD21high cells remained elevated 50.5% in dogs fed 0.5× β-glucan diets compared with baseline (P < 0.0001). While no differences in serum titer or cytokines were observed, feeding both β-glucan diets maintained stable blood monocytes, whereas a 53.0% decrease between baseline and 14 dpv was observed in control-fed dogs (P = 0.01). Collectively, these outcomes suggest that a 1× dose of 1,3/1,6 yeast β-glucan in extruded kibble diets altered monocytes associated with trained immunity, did not reduce PBMC CD21low B-cell responsiveness, and simultaneously contributed to B-cell population resolution by 21 dpv in adult dogs. Additional research to assess the functionality of these changes is needed.


Quality and variability of dialysis practice are generally gaining more and more importance. Fresenius Medical Care (FMC), as provider of dialysis, has the duty to continuously monitor and guarantee the quality of care delivered to patients treated in its European dialysis units. Accordingly, a new clinical database called EuCliD has been developed. It is a multilingual and fully codified database, using as far as possible international standard coding tables. EuCliD collects and handles sensitive medical patient data, fully assuring confidentiality. The Infrastructure: a Domino server is installed in each country connected to EuCliD. All the centres belonging to a country are connected via modem to the country server. All the Domino Servers are connected via Wide Area Network to the Head Quarter Server in Bad Homburg (Germany). Inside each country server only anonymous data related to that particular country are available. The only place where all the anonymous data are available is the Head Quarter Server. The data collection is strongly supported in each country by "key-persons" with solid relationships to their respective national dialysis units. The quality of the data in EuCliD is ensured at different levels. At the end of January 2001, more than 11,000 patients treated in 135 centres located in 7 countries are already included in the system. FMC has put the patient care at the centre of its activities for many years and now is able to provide transparency to the community (Authorities, Nephrologists, Patients.....) thus demonstrating the quality of the service.


This study looks at the interactions between health workers, physical space, surgical tools, and the "patient-body" in an operating theater. My aim is to explore the approaches of Katz, Rawlings, and Collins and to show that when rituals, restrictive entrance procedures, and clothing requirements are not in place, when rules are not observed for reasons that this article addresses, the boundary between the operating theater and its surroundings blurs. It becomes a trivialized space. Data were collected in the regional hospital of one major town of the Extrême Nord of Cameroon. I describe a context of crisis and a lack of equipment and personnel that narrow the boundaries of the operating room (the limits of which are supposed to be kept sterile and isolated) but do not erase them. Restrictive entrance procedures, clothing requirements, rituals, and rules that are supposed to separate the operating theater from its surroundings, as Katz has shown, are not observed. Instead, the theater is connected to its surroundings through an "intriguing combination of practices" consistent with the analyses of Rawling and Collins. Thus, the operating theater is not a closed and limited area inside the hospital that can be completely isolated from its surroundings. There is continuity between the interior and the exterior.


In wireless sensor network (WSN), the gateways which are placed far away from the base station (BS) forward the collected data to the BS through the gateways which are nearer to the BS. This leads to more energy consumption because the gateways nearer to the BS manages heavy traffic load. So, to overcome this issue, loads around the gateways are to be balanced by presenting energy efficient clustering approach. Besides, to enhance the lifetime of the network, optimal routing path is to be established between the source node and BS. For energy efficient load balancing and routing, multi objective based spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm is presented in this paper. Using this algorithm, optimal clustering and routing are performed depend on the objective functions routing fitness and clustering fitness. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed SMO based clustering and routing scheme attains better results than that of the existing algorithms in terms of energy consumption, delivery ratio, throughput and network lifetime.


Learning network embeddings has attracted growing attention in recent years. However, most of the existing methods focus on homogeneous networks, which cannot capture the important type information in heterogeneous networks. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose TransN, a novel multi-view network embedding framework for heterogeneous networks. Compared with the existing methods, TransN is an unsupervised framework which does not require node labels or user-specified meta-paths as inputs. In addition, TransN is capable of handling more general types of heterogeneous networks than the previous works. Specifically, in our framework TransN, we propose a novel algorithm to capture the proximity information inside each single view. Moreover, to transfer the learned information across views, we propose an algorithm to translate the node embeddings between different views based on the dual-learning mechanism, which can both capture the complex relations between node embeddings in different views, and preserve the proximity information inside each view during the translation. We conduct extensive experiments on real-world heterogeneous networks, whose results demonstrate that the node embeddings generated by TransN outperform those of competitors in various network mining tasks.


In adults, toxic megacolon is a relatively uncommon but potentially lethal complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), infectious colitis, or ischemic colitis caused by cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Patients have distension of the colon and signs of toxicity such as elevated temperature, hypotension, decreased level of consciousness and electrolyte imbalances. Factors thought to increase the risk include premature discontinuation of IBD medications; procedures that increase colon trauma, such as barium enema and colonoscopy; medications that decrease gastrointestinal motility; and electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia. Differential diagnosis is made based on the patient's history and results of stool cultures and assay for Clostridium difficile toxin. Medical management in the intensive care unit includes careful monitoring, fluid volume and electrolyte replacement, bowel rest and decompression, antibiotic therapy, and cessation of medications that slow gastric motility. Surgical management may be necessary if there are signs of deterioration, perforation, hemorrhage, or sepsis.


OBJECTIVE
Liver regeneration occurs through hepatocytes after acute liver injury. However, severe liver injury activates bipotential oval cells from canals of Hering which can differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. Most models of oval cell activation have employed potential carcinogens to inhibit hepatocyte replication in the face of a regenerative stimulus. Oval cells must be able to withstand the toxic milieu of the damaged liver. ATP binding cassette transporters are cytoprotective efflux pumps that may contribute to the protection of these cells. The aim of this study was to determine the ABC transporter expressions in hepatic oval cells.

METHODS
A rat model was established by feeding 2-acetylaminofluorene combined with partial hepatectomy to activate hepatic oval cells. Oval cells were isolated and purified using selective enzymatic digestion and density gradient centrifugation from the heterogeneous hepatic cell population. The expressions of ABC transporter gene, including MDR1, MRP1 and Bcrp1, in isolated hepatic oval cells and hepatocytes were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and those in rat liver tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
Compared to those in the rat hepatocytes, mRNA expressions of the genes encoding MDR1, MRP1 and Bcrp1 were increased up to 9-, 1.5- and 13.8-folds in hepatic oval cells. Immunohistochemical staining of rat liver slides demonstrated that the expression of MDR1 proteins was found around periportal areas, and Bcrp1 protein was found located on cell membranes.

CONCLUSION
Hepatic oval cells express high levels of the ABC transporter gene that may have cytoprotective functions during severe hepatotoxicity.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) who had undergone allogeneic hematological stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Methods: From June 2007 to June 2017, the clinical data of PTCL patients who underwent HSCT from eight hospitals were assessed retrospectively. Results: There were 23 patients diagnosed as relapsed or refractory PTCL with chemoresistance who underwent allo-HSCT. Among these patients, 18 were identified as progressive disease (PD) status and 5 patients as stable disease (SD) status before allo-HSCT. Seventeen patients received allo-HSCT from matched sibling donor (MSD),2 patients from matched unrelated donor and 4 patients from related haplo-identical donor (HD). After a median follow-up of 29 months, 21 patients survived longer than 28 days after allo-HSCT. Hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved in 20 of the 21 patients. The median time of myeloid and platelet engraftment were+13 (9-22) d and+16(10-38) d, respectively. The 100-d treatment-related mortality rate was 13.1%. Acute GVHD occurred in 11(47.8%) patients at a median time of 22(6-82) d after transplantation. Grade Ⅱ~Ⅳ aGVHD occurred in 6 patients. Chronic GVHD occurred in 10 patients at a median of 7.9 (3.5-27) months. After a median follow-up of 29 months, 13 patients died after HSCT. Four of them died of complications associated with allo-HSCT, and other 9 patients died of the primary lymphoma. The 3-years cumulative overall survival (OS) and progress-free survival (PFS) were 43.03% (95%CI: 29.79-69.16) and 39.13% (95%CI: 23.50-65.14), respectively. No significant difference was found in the 3-year PFS between patients with PD status and SD status before allo-HSCT (P=0.133). Conclusion: Allo-HSCT can be a promising treatment for relapsed or refractory PTCL with chemoresistance.


In this article, the author argues that a number of factors should be considered when coordinating transfer switching and grounding of engine generator sets. He argues that the proper grounding and selection of transfer switches assures safety of personnel, protection of equipment, reliable ground-fault sensing, and continuity of power to electrical loads.


RESEARCH PAPER: Frequency of and Factors Associated with Nutrition Facts Label Use among Adults STUDENT: Stacey Griffith DEGREE: Master of Arts, Health Science COLLEGE: Sciences and Humanities DATE: May, 2009 PAGES: 67 The focus of this study was to examine the literature to determine the frequency of and factors associated with the use of Nutrition Facts labels among adults in the United States. This study was conducted as an in-depth literature review. The researcher identified eight health-related databases from the Ball State University libraries webpage in which to gather, review, and analyze information from peer-reviewed journals and documents from governmental and private agencies. Results showed that the majority of American adults studied utilize Nutrition Facts labels to some degree on a regular basis, and that many factors may be associated with label use. Factors including gender, age, education, beliefs about diet-disease relationships, socioeconomic and employment status, health consciousness, household size, and race showed some level of association with label use. The three most reported factors that influenced label use were gender, age, and education. Females, younger individuals, and those with higher education were more likely to utilize Nutrition Facts labels. Furthermore, the belief in a relationship between diet and disease showed a very strong and consistent association with label use as well.


. We introduce the concept of an s -Hankel hypermatrix, which generalizes both Hankel matrices and generic hypermatrices. We study two determinantal ideals associated to an s -Hankel hypermatrix: the ideal I ⟨ s;t ⟩ generated by certain 2 (cid:2) 2 slice minors, and the ideal e I ⟨ s;t ⟩ generated by certain 2 (cid:2) 2 generalized minors. We describe the structure of these two ideals, with particular attention to the primary decomposition of I ⟨ s;t ⟩ , and provide the explicit list of minimal primes for large values of s . Finally we give some geometrical interpretations and generalize a theorem of Watanabe.


The BDI logic is an important and widely used theoretical apparatus to represent and reason about rational agents. However, the BDI logics are incomplete regarding the intention reconsideration, override of intention, the deliberation process, and belief revision. These are essential processes of the BDI model. Also, some rational agents, especially human being, have not the approximate reasoning well represented by the BDI logics. So, in this paper, we define fuzzy semantics for a BDI language that is capable to eliminate those limitations. Additionally, we show how this paper is related to current works about BDI agents and discuss how those limitations can be fixed through the extension of the BDI logic to a fuzzy BDI logic.


This article examined the existing body of literature on transaction and relationship marketing. The specific objectives were to develop a conceptual framework to establish the relationship between relationship marketing and customer satisfaction and to examine the components of relationship marketing on the present ever dynamic world of business. The study identified relationship marketing variables and their impact on customer satisfaction. The framework aimed to provide insights into the studies on relationship marketing factors such as trust, commitment, communication, and service quality influence on customer satisfaction. The model provided a basis for empirical studies on the factors of relationship marketing and outcomes of customer satisfaction in developing nations. The study recommends that relationship marketing dimensions such as building customer's trust, commitment to customers, communication, and service quality should be properly managed and maintained by service providers in Nigeria. This helps in building customer satisfaction and in the long-run customer loyalty.


Moisture problems in buildings are increasingly being reported in the mass media in Sweden, often leading to some controversial stories about companies and their building processes. Using building physics and building performance principles during the design stage can often prevent most problems from occurring. One of the big questions is, with all the available knowledge about designing a building, how can these problems still be occurring in new buildings? This paper explores this question by interviewing some engineering consultants on how they evaluate the performance of a building, and to what extent knowledge about building physics theory is being used during the design process to prevent moisture problems from occurring. It was found that building physics is not used extensively in the building industry due to many reasons. The lack of good design tools and the fact that clients do not request it are two main reasons. However, it was revealed that clients do not request it because they either have no interest in spending the extra money for a better design, or they do not know it is optional and just assume everything is taken account of in the final design. Furthermore, the consultants do not advise them on the available options applicable for their particular design. Due to the method used to analyse the interviews, an unexpected relationship between education level and their perceived level of awareness of building performance issues emerged. It appears that the higher the level of education of the consultant, the more they are aware of the impact of performance issues in a building's design. Their experience level does not appear significant in this relationship, however this cannot be proven and will require more studies to verify.


We consider homological mirror symmetry in the context of hypertoric varieties, showing that an appropriate category of B-branes (that is, coherent sheaves) on an additive hypertoric variety matches a category of A-branes on a Dolbeault hypertoric manifold for the same underlying combinatorial data. For technical reasons, the A-branes we consider are modules over a deformation quantization (that is, DQ-modules). We consider objects in this category equipped with an analogue of a Hodge structure, which corresponds to a Gm-action on the dual side of the mirror symmetry. This result is based on hands-on calculations in both categories. We analyze coherent sheaves by constructing a tilting generator, using the characteristic p approach of Kaledin; the result is a sum of line bundles, which can be described using a simple combinatorial rule. The endomorphism algebra H of this tilting generator has a simple quadratic presentation in the grading induced byGm-equivariance. In fact, we can confirm it is Koszul, and compute its Koszul dual H!. We then show that this same algebra appears as an Ext-algebra of simple A-branes in a Dolbeault hypertoric manifold. TheGm-equivariant grading on coherent sheaves matches a Hodge grading in this category.


Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality, which seriously threatens human life and health. Xixin and Ganjiang are classic herb pairs of Zhongjing Zhang, which are often used to treat COPD in China. However, the substance basis and mechanism of action of Xixin-Ganjiang herb pair (XGHP) in the treatment of COPD remain unclear. Methods On the website of TCMSP and the DrugBank, effective compounds and targets of XGHP were found. COPD targets were obtained from GeneCards, DisGeNET, and GEO gene chips. Intersecting these databases resulted in a library of drug targets for COPD. Then, intersection targets were used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the binding activity between compounds and core genes was evaluated by molecular docking to verify the expression level of PTGS2 and PPARG in rats. Results Twelve effective compounds and 104 core genes were found in the intersection library, and kaempferol, sesamin, β-sitosterol, PTGS2, and PPARG were particularly prominent in the network analysis. A total of 113 pathways were obtained and enrichment of the TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway was particularly obvious. Molecular docking indicated that kaempferol, sesamin, and β-sitosterol were closely related to PTGS2 and PPARG and were superior to aminophylline. Key compounds in XGHP could restrict the expression of PTGS2 in the lung tissues of COPD rats and promote the expression of PPARG. Conclusion Inhibition of the expression of inflammatory factor PTGS2 and promotion of the expression of PPARG may be an effective target of XGHP in the treatment of COPD.


Abstract Resourceful beyond-graphene two-dimensional (2D) carbon crystals have been proposed/synthesized; however, the fundamental knowledge of their melting thermodynamics remains lacking. Here, the structural and thermodynamic properties of nine contemporary 2D carbon crystals upon heating are investigated using first-principle-based ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. Those 2D carbon crystals show distinct evolution of energetic and Lindemann index that distinguish their thermal stabilities. There are two or three critical temperatures at which structural transformation occurs for non-hexagon-contained 2D carbon allotropes. Analysis of polygons reveals that non-hexagon-contained 2D carbon crystals show thermally induced hex-graphene transitions via mechanisms such as bond rotations, dissociation, and reformation of bonds. The study provides new insights into the thermodynamics and pyrolysis chemistry of 2D carbon materials, as well as structural transitions, which is of great importance in the synthesis and application of 2D materials in high-temperature processing and environment.


A wideband radio frequency power amplifier (RF PA) is implemented with a stack of 16 low-breakdown-voltage thin-oxide transistors in a standard 45-nm CMOS SOI technology. A combination of dynamic-biasing and stacking prevents all breakdown mechanisms when the PA operates under large voltage swings and facilitates an output impedance close to 50 Ω without a need for an output-matching network. Using a post-fabrication process, the conductive Si substrate of the CMOS SOI PA is etched away and replaced by a semi-insulating aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate to reduce the effect of substrate parasitic capacitances and improve the PA's performance. A small-signal gain of 12.2 dB at 1.8 GHz is achieved with a - 3-dB bandwidth from 1.5 to 2.6 GHz. For high-reliability operation, the PA is biased with a 15-V power supply and a small transistor current density of 0.2 mA/μm and delivers a saturated output power (PSAT) of 30.2 dBm and a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 23.8%. For a wide range of measured frequencies from 1.5 to 2.4 GHz and under a lower supply voltage of 12 V, PSAT and P1 dB remain above 27.9 and 24.8 dBm, respectively, with peak PAE above 20%. In terms of output power, efficiency, and linearity, the CMOS PA on AlN substrate outperforms its Si counterpart, while both PAs deliver good power performance despite utilizing thin-oxide low-breakdown-voltage transistors.


Discontent with the functioning of the world monetary system has led to many proposals for international monetary reform. These proposals range from enhanced consultations under the current regime of floating exchange rates to a regime of fixed exchange rates, as proposed by Ronald McKinnon. In this paper we examine the implications of several alternative monetary arrangements for fiscal policy in the world economy. In particular we focus upon two issues. The first is the effects of alternative monetary arrangements on the international transmission of fiscal policy. The second is the implications of the alternative regimes for strategic aspects of fiscal policymaking.As is generally the case in the discussion of exchange regimes we find that the choice of the monetary system is crucially dependent upon the source and nature of the shocks hitting the world economy. In this paper we show that the monetary regime also has important implications for the transmission offiscal policy in the world economy and for the nature of the strategic games played by fiscal authorities. Rigid rules of the game, as under fixedexchange rates, do not necessarily eliminate the inefficient equilibriathat can occur when fiscal authorities behave non-cooperatively.


In this study, polyaniline/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PANI/PSS) nanocomposite and polyaniline·silver (PANI·Ag) nanohybrid thin films were obtained in cantilever nanosensors surface. The developed films were characterized in relation to topography, roughness, thickness, height, and structural properties. The topography study revealed that both films have a globular morphology, thickness and height in nanoscale. The gas sensing performance was investigated for sexual pheromone from the neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.). The sensitivities of both nanosensors based on PANI/PSS nanocomposite and PANI·Ag nanohybrid films were similar. The PANI·Ag nanohybrid nanosensor had a limit of detection of less than 3.1 ppq and limit of quantification of 10.05 ppq. The nanosensor layers were analyzed by UV-vis and FTIR showing the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles in the nanohybrid. We found that pheromone compound was adsorbed in sensing layer resulting in a reduction in the resonance frequency. The detection mechanism help us understand the good results of LOD, LOQ, sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability. The presented device has great potential for detection of the sexual pheromone from E. heros.


BACKGROUND
Species of Cheyletiella mites are parasites hosted by dogs, cats and rabbits. In humans, they cause a dermatosis not well known by dermatologists. We report a case of an unusual, purely vesiculobullous eruption due to Cheyletiella blakei acquired from an infected cat.

CASE REPORT
A 76-year-old woman presented a very pruritic eruption of vesicles and bullous lesions located on the trunk and external areas of the arms. Biopsy showed dermoepidermal cleavage and polynuclear infiltrate with prominent eosinophils, consistent with the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. We suspected a Cheyletiella dermatitis due to the aspect and distribution of the elementary lesions and the fact that prior to the eruption the patient had acquired a cat that sometimes slept in her bed. The diagnosis was confirmed by a veterinary examination and isolation of Cheyletiella blakei from the cat's skin. The cat was treated successfully with ivermectin, while the household was disinfected with permethrin. A treatment with benzyl benzoate (Ascabiol) resolved all the patient's symptoms.

DISCUSSION
This case is particularly interesting due to the purely vesiculobullous pattern of the rash and by the difficulty and considerable delay of diagnosis. Patients who have recently acquired a cat or dog before developing a pruritic dermatosis may indeed have cheyletiellosis.


Higher levels of integration on the chip and package with increasing wiring density require highly repeatable and reliable microvias. To meet future needs of local via densities >5000 vias per cm/sup 2/ and via diameters of <50/spl mu/m, a scanning projection excimer laser ablation process is being developed for build-up and flex substrates. Vias with diameters of 30, 40, and 50 /spl mu/m are ablated in 257mu;m thick DuPont Kapton /spl reg/ E polyimide using an ANVIK HexScan/spl trade/ 2150 SXE excimer laser. A 25-1 fractional factorial experiment is conducted to determine the significance of laser fluence, shot frequency, number of pulses, and vertical and horizontal positions of the debris removal system in the laser tool in affecting ablated dielectric thickness, top via diameter, via wall angle, and via resistance. The complex nonlinear interactions between process set points and responses are empirically modelled using the feed-forward neural networks (NNs) employing the error back-propagation training algorithm. Neural networks encode the functional relationship between the process conditions and responses, and are then used to perform sensitivity analysis to quantify the variation in responses for incremental changes in particular process conditions. In addition, genetic algorithms (GAs) are used to identify optimized recipes for neural network response models. Experimental verification of the optimized recipes is performed to achieve completely open microvias, specific microvia diameters and wall angles, and low via resistance.


In this article, I will discuss the Flemish language policy.After a short description of the position of Flanders in a globalised world (1), I will comment on some concrete challenges for the Flemish educational system (2), such as the integration of non-Dutch-speaking students (2.1). Furthermore, I will dwell on the ways the Flemish community prepares its youngsters to life in a globalised society, referring to European criteria (mother-tongue plus two) and tools (Common European Framework of Reference, Erasmus exchanges) (2.2). Finally, I will discuss the role of foreign language promotion institutions in the Flemish educational area (2.3).


ABSTRACT The integration of theory and practice constitutes an anchor of today's technical vocational education and training (T-VET) and a major determinant of professional development. Understanding such integration is expected to contribute to pedagogical advancement and to provide new research tools. Current knowledge on the epistemological roots of pedagogical approaches is not automatically informative of the conceptions and beliefs of the students and their instructors in particular learning contexts. Therefore, if we are to disentangle further the theory-practice integration in T-VET, a first step is to grasp how these key actors conceive of theoretical and practical knowledge and the relationship between these kinds of knowledge. Thirty-eight subjects in dual T-VET in the field of chemical process technology, participated in serial and single focus groups. While adopting a grounded theory approach, the present qualitative study reveals the negotiated epistemological perspectives of students, school-instructors and workplace-instructors: forms of knowledge that respond to conceptions of theory or practice, the relationships between these forms of knowledge and the multiple agents who perform each connecting activity. The findings reveal a possible expression of the overall 'integration of theory and practice' as involving a network of relationships that are embodied by multiple agents. The implications are discussed.


"On February 26, 2012, heavy pressures collided in a tempest resulting in Trayvon Martin's death. On one side, an eager neighborhood watchman desperate to curtail the rising vandalism and crime in his gated community. On the other, a teenage boy walking from a nearby store through this same neighborhood toward the townhome where he was temporarily staying while visiting his father. In the background, a galvanizing law seven years looming, burrowing into societal norms, making it okay to shoot first and ask questions later." Florida's Stand Your Ground statutory scheme has dominated the media since the calamitous encounter between George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin. This Article follows up on this Author's 2010 article, Deadly Combinations: How Self-Defense Laws Pairing Immunity with a Presumption of Fear Allow Criminals to "Get Away with Murder, 34 Am. J. Trial Advoc. 105 (2010). In 2010, this Author predicted the law would promote a rise in vigilante justice in that it "creates a mindset to 'shoot first, ask later.'" This Article takes that prediction a step further and boldly states that the legislature has fundamentally changed the nature of self-defense. Rather than recognizing an affirmative defense to arguably justifiable uses of force, it has legalized many forms of homicide. Additionally, this Article analyzes the law through a lens of embodied rationality to identify the culture-law-culture cycle and the competing narratives that (1) gave rise to the law, (2) impacted the actions of both Zimmerman and Martin, and (3) affected prosecution, defense, and judicial legal strategies and choices related to the shooting and resultant trial. This article concludes by asserting Florida's Stand Your Ground law does not reflect collectively-held norms and values as evidenced by the media narratives surrounding Martin's death. As such, this Article calls for legislative change to retreat from legalized homicide returning to the maxim of self-defense as an affirmative defense.


Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) overexpression in breast cancer occurs in 20% to 30% of patients with breast cancer. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) targets HER-2 tyrosine kinase receptors expressed on tumor cells and mediates anti-proliferative effects against HER-2-positive tumor cells. Adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab has improved the prognosis of patients with HER-2 positive high-grade breast cancer. However, patients often experience appearance and proliferation of recurrent tumor cells after trastuzumab treatment. In this study, we report the successful establishment and characterization of a cell line (BTIC) derived from a patient with recurrent breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab. Characteristics of the BTIC cell line were investigated by phase contrast or electron microscopic observations, chromosome analysis, xenotransplantation, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay for tumor markers. We confirmed that the BTIC cell line grown as multilayered culture in culture dishes, has a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm and some desmosomes. The population doubling time was approximately 44 hr. A graft in nude mouse after xenotransplantation was diagnosed as scirrhous carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry on cultured BTIC cells revealed that the BTIC cells were negative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and 30% positive for HER-2. Radioimmunoassay indicated secretion of HER-2 protein, NCC-ST-439 and CA15-3.


Agathiphaga moths lack microtrichiation on most of the fore-wing upperside (apart from a basal anterior area), while it well developed on the hind-wing upperside and on the underside of both wing pairs. Scales on the fore-wing upperside largely occur in clusters, which then often comprise one larger, notched/truncate and pigmented 'cover' scale, and one or more smaller, weakly pigmented/unpigmented, smoothly rounded 'ground' scale. The former scale type proved to be hollow and have trabeculae in the inner lumen. However, it has no perforations in the abwing lamella; hence the absence of such perforations (ore even vestiges thereof, in the form of small depressions) from a scale is not necessarily indicative that it is of the solid type. The ground scales, like all hind-wing and underside scales, are of the commonplace solid type which is of general occurrence in non-glossatan moths. Evolutionary aspects of scale morphology in basal moths are discussed. The origin of hollow wing-surface scales cannot have been a single, unreversed event, but independent evolution of this scale types in the Agathiphagidae and the Coelolepida (= Acanthopteroctetidae + Lophocoronidae + Myoglossata) remains the most parsimonious assumption.


The lymphatic system is an important part of the circulatory system, as an auxiliary system of the vein, which has the functions of immune defense, maintaining the stability of the internal environment, and regulating the pressure of the tissue. It has long been thought that there are no typical lymphatic vessels consisting of endothelial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, studies have confirmed the presence of lymphatic vessels lined with endothelial cells in the meninges. The periventricular meninges of the CNS host different populations of immune cells that affect the immune response associated with the CNS, and the continuous drainage of interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid produced in the CNS also proceeds mainly by the lymphatic system. This fluid process mobilizes to a large extent the transfer of antigens produced by the CNS to the meningeal immune cells and subsequently to the peripheral immune system through the lymphatic network, with clinically important implications for infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and tumor immunology. In our review, we discussed recent research advances in intracranial lymphatic circulation and the pathogenesis of its associated diseases, especially the discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels, which has led to new therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases associated with the intracranial lymphatic system.


A preliminary study of the solidification behaviour and vertical sections of the BaCuO2-Y2BaCuO5-CuO pseudo-ternary system has been carried out. Results show that the superconducting phase YBa2Cu3O7-x melts incongruently, i.e. a peritectic reaction takes place at about 1010 degrees c with a wide solidification range which makes it difficult to grow bulk superconducting crystals. The binary eutectic reaction in a CuO-X section may be useful for directional eutectic growth.


We learn an abundance of useful skills for a lifetime, during our first few years of life – our mothers playing a vital role in having a major influence in our personality formations, skill sets and the nature of goals we are nudged toward. Whereas an educated mother helps her child to form views regarding the world, far broadened and contemporary as compared to children of uneducated mothers. As a child is treated with continuous high quality of care-giving and is raised in a pro-social positive environment, he or she develops a basic understanding of the incumbent benefits of having an empathic attitude towards family, friends and people at large. This research article seeks to establish the relation between mother's education and children's empathy level. The impetus for research is the plethora of everyday incidents taking place in our homeland, Pakistan whereby empathic skill at the root level seems invisible in the personalities of violence perpetrators and criminals. This vagrant evil may not sustain into the following decades, if we may acclimate young children to have personalities that are innately generous, kind and empathic, thus moving towards building a caring society. Long term consequences of this research are aimed at developing a national empathy program for schools, and parent-child workshops, whereby fostering empathy and kindness in upcoming generations for the betterment of our society and country.


The brittleness of poly(styrene maleic anhydride) (SMA) was improved by compositing with elastic poly(methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene) (MBS) to develop it into optical film. Transparent and flexible SMA films were prepared, and the flexibility of them was checked by folding endurance test and folding bend. The transparence of SMAMBS films were proved by the transmittance and haze measurements. In actual view, the letters could be clearly observed while they were covered by prepared films. The thermal stability of them was confirmed by DSC and TGA analysis. These physical properties of films are comparable to that of polycarbonate which is widely used as optical film. Besides of these, mechanical and fracture properties of them were found to be also suitable for this purpose. Furthermore, negative birefringence could be obtained by orientationally stretching them. Such results indicate that, films prepared from composites are competent for negative birefringence optical compensator in the field of liquid crystal display. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011


Since 1985, a series of performance tests has been carried out by NRPB on dosimetry services in Great Britain, in partial fulfilment of an approval system operated by the Health and Safety Executive. The main effort has gone into providing performance tests on dosimetry services for external radiations and the results for the years 1985-90 are presented here. Results of tests on dosimetry services for internal radiation are, however, also included. In Great Britain, film badges and thermoluminescence devices are used as personal dosemeters and there dosemeters were irradiated with nominal dose equivalents in the range 0.5-250 mSv. The results have been analysed in terms of bias (systematic error) and random error in each batch of irradiated dosemeters.


Numerous studies have investigated the potential depletion of available base cation pools from forest soils in regions impacted by acid deposition. However, these studies mostly used indirect methods. Retrospective studies, providing direct evidence of chemical changes in forest soils, are relatively rare due to a lack of appropriate sampling, documentation, and archiving of samples over decadal or longer periods. We were provided an unusual opportunity to conduct such a retrospective study with relocation of four sites on the Allegheny Plateau in Pennsylvania. Detailed soil sampling and analyses were conducted in 1967. An original investigator was available to insure field sampling protocol consistency during resampling in 1997, and the original samples had been archived and were available for reanalysis. At all four sites there were significant decreases in exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations and pH at all depths. Exchangeable Al concentrations increased at all depths at all sites, however increases were only significant in upper soil horizons. Short-term temporal changes, estimated by sampling the Oa/A horizon annually for 3 yr, were insignificant, suggesting that the differences between 1967 and 1997 are part of a long-term trend. At most of the sites losses of Ca and Mg on a pool basis were much larger than could be accounted for in biomass accumulation, suggesting teaching of nutrients off-site.


Up to 35% of very preterm infants survive with neurodevelopmental impairments (NDI) such as cognitive deficits, cerebral palsy, and attention deficit disorder. Advanced MRI quantitative tools such as brain morphometry, diffusion MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI at term-equivalent age are ideally suited to improve current efforts to predict later development of disabilities. This would facilitate application of targeted early intervention therapies during the first few years of life when neuroplasticity is optimal. A systematic search and review identified 47 published studies of advanced MRI to predict NDI. Diffusion MRI and morphometry studies were the most commonly studied modalities. Despite several limitations, studies clearly showed that brain structural and metabolite biomarkers are promising independent predictors of NDI. Large representative multicenter studies are needed to validate these studies.


In a vertical type, vibratory gyroscope, the coupled motion between reference (driving) and sensing vibrations causes the zero-point output, which is the unwanted sensing vibration without angular velocity. This structural coupling leads to an inherent discrepancy between the natural frequencies of the reference and the sensing oscillations, causing curve veering in frequency loci. The coupled motion deteriorates sensing performance and dynamic stability. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics associated with the coupling phenomenon are theoretically analyzed. The effects of reference frequency and coupling factor on the rotational direction and amplitude of elliptic oscillation are determined. Based on the analytical studies on the coupling effects, we propose and fabricate a vertically decoupled vibratory gyroscope with the frequency matching.


Developed by the Cirad's «Biomass, Wood, Energy, Bioproducts», the new release of TROPIX software (version 7) presents the main characteristics of 245 tropical or temperate wood species. For each species, TROPIX provides data and information on: the scientific and local names of the species described, their origins (distribution maps) and any commercial restriction according to the CITES regulation; appearance of the log or wood, including pictures of wood and wood utilisations; leading physical and mechanical properties; natural durability against fungi / dry wood borers / termites, and preservation; drying behaviour, including a drying schedule given for information; processing behaviour (sawing, machining, assembling); appearance grading and visual grading for structural applications; actual and potential uses and reaction to fire. Some of this information is displayed in graphical format. TROPIX 7 allows multicriteria search using preselected search terms or similarity to a different species. It also allows graphical species comparisons based on one or two physical or mechanical properties. Multicriteria searches results, graphics and technical sheets can be printed or exported as files. Poster 22


This paper responds to van Deth's overview of empirical research on social capital and the difficulties of measuring the concept. We entirely agree with many of the problems that he identifies with the dominant mode of enquiry to date: namely survey and polling methods of attitudinal data. We are sure there are ways of improving on such quantitative methods although we are of the view that qualitative research is especially helpful for exploring the processes of social capital formation and the relationship between networks and norms so crucial to Putnam's use of the concept. Briefly, we discuss our own qualititive work involving intensive interviews with 120 activists drawn from a Citizens Audit of Britain. We address the importance of pre-existing trust and informal processes of mobilization, the significance of experiences of group involvement for generating norms of trust as well as distrust and the extent to which evaluations of such experiences influence wider views of participation and democracy in Britain. In sum, we totally endorse van Deth's call for the greater use of 'multi-methods and multi-level srategies' in empirical research by extending his plea to consider the valuable role of qualitative methods in the study of social capital.


Background and aims Clinical conditions resulting in hypoxia, hypoperfusion, anaerobic milieu within the gut, and intestinal epithelial breakdown, such as seen in heart failure, precipitates Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Given that ischemic bowel disease (IB) typically results in similar changes within the gut, we investigated the relationship between CDI and IB, and the impact of CDI on the clinical outcomes of IB. Patients and methods We initially performed a cross-sectional analysis on the 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project – Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) patient's discharge records of ages 18 years and older, by estimating the crude and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of CDI and IB as the outcome and predictor respectively. We then pooled data from the 2012–2014 NIS, identified, and compared mortality (and 15 other outcomes) between three groups: IB+CDI, IB-alone, and CDI-alone (Statistical Analysis System 9.4). Results In the 2014 NIS, records with IB (n=27 609), had higher rate and odds of CDI [3.95 vs. 1.17%, aOR: 1.89 (1.77–2.02)] than records without IB (n=5 879 943). The 2012–2014 NIS contained 1105 IB+CDI, 30 960 IB-alone, and 60 758 CDI-alone groups. IB+CDI had higher mortality [aOR: 1.44 (1.11–1.86)], length of stay [9.59 (9.03–10.20) vs. 6.12 (5.99–6.26) days], cost [$93 257 (82 892–104 919) vs. $63 257 (61 029–65 567)], unfavorable discharge disposition [aOR: 2.24 (1.91–2.64)] and poorer results across most of the other outcomes than IB-alone. Comparable results were found for IB+CDI versus CDI-alone. Conclusion IB is a risk factor for CDI in hospitals. CDI is associated with higher mortality, longer length of stay, higher cost, unfavorable discharge, and many other poorer health outcomes in patients with IB.


In a series of collaborative trial projects that started in the winter of 2013/14, Alberta Transportation and the province's highway maintenance contractors developed and tested performance standards for winter highway maintenance. Drivers will benefit from the introduction of performance standards for winter maintenance through anticipating, and experiencing, more consistent driving conditions during the winter. Performance standards will also allow consistent educational and public awareness messaging, which will in turn promote safer trip planning. Various types of performance measures are either in place or are being tested in Alberta, ranging from input measures (i.e. material stockpiling) through process measures (i.e. response times), output measures (i.e. time to return to specified conditions), surrogate outcome measures (i.e. surface friction) and true outcome measures (i.e. travel speeds). Alberta benefited from experience with established technologies like Automated Vehicle Location Systems, Traveler Information Systems, and precision forecasting/Maintenance Decision Support Systems when developing the trial performance standards. In addition, supporting management tools were developed as part of the performance standards trials. These include a Winter Severity Index that can be used on both provincial & local scales, and Storm Classification that allows the contractors to work towards different performance targets, depending on the severity of each storm event. The paper will describe performance standards that are under development for various phases of winter maintenance work planning and execution, and discuss some of the implications of using performance standards in a contracted delivery system. Results of the different trial projects are presented, with concluding remarks on the safety benefits from the introduction of formal performance standards.


Effect of anti-mosquito-fat body antibodies on the development of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax has been studied by feeding Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes with infected blood supplemented with serum from immunized rabbits. Immunogenic polypeptides were identified by western blot. Mosquitoes that ingested anti-fat body antibodies along with infectious blood meal had significantly fewer oocysts than the mosquitoes in the control group. Effect of anti-mosquito fat body antibodies on fecundity, hatchability, mortality and engorgement of mosquitoes has also been reported. A significant reduction in fecundity and hatchability was observed, however, effect on mortality and engorgement was variable and statistically insignificant. Results indicated that fat body antibodies have the potential to disrupt reproductive physiology of malaria vector An. stephensi.


Fiscal forecasts produced by international financial institutions came under strong criticism after the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis due to overly optimistic estimates for heavily indebted countries like Spain, Italy, and Portugal. Presently, in the face of strong divisions within the European political landscape, international organizations have also been accused of applying a double standard. Opponents often claim those organizations depict a more negative picture for governments described as populist in the mainstream media. The aim of this paper is to evaluate fiscal forecasts provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), European Commission (EC), and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Our analysis is based on a panel of European Union economies, other OECD members, and large non-OECD economies (e.g., China). Five years after the Sovereign debt crisis, we still find negative phenomenon reported earlier in the literature. In Europe, all organizations systematically present overly optimistic deficit forecasts for Portugal, Spain, and, to a lower extent, for Italy. Moreover, the EC and OECD are being indulgent to countries under the excessive deficit procedure. There is also an evidence for strong autocorrelation of ex-post fiscal forecast errors. On the other hand, we find no strong evidence suggesting that fiscal forecasts stigmatize the governments accused of populism or violating the rule of law. Finally, in the case of European emerging economies, some kind of wishful thinking is present. For example, the EC overestimates governments' propensity to tighten fiscal policy during the expansion period of a business cycle and forecasts an overly pessimistic picture during a slowdown.


A literature search with the search terms "cancer AND dental AND radiographs" yielded 13 publications for exploration. Malignancies of the parotid gland, meningiomas and leukemia seem to be associated with previous dental x-ray exam-inations. Consequently, the indication for radiographic examination has to be very strict.


In this study, an experimental optimization of cutting forces and surface roughness in turning of AISI 304L stainless steel using wiper and conventional insert cutting tools with dry cutting conditions are presented. The influences of feed rate, depth of cut, and corner radius on surface roughness, cutting force and surface hardness are examined. In order to optimize the turning process, Grey relational analysis optimization method is used. The optimal machinability conditions of AISI 304L stainless steel with coated carbide insert are successfully determined in this study.


The article considers the attitude of the society of the Under-Russian Ukraine of the 19th – early 20th centuries to abortion through the prism of confronting the values of traditional culture with its condemnation of abortion as a sin of infanticide, and new urbanization trends that justified abortion. The growth in the number of abortions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which was a natural consequence of the deformation of the family institution against the background of modernization processes, has been demonstrated. The reasons that pushed women to have an abortion have been analysed. If among rural girls the main reason was the fear of being punished by the community for premarital sex or adultery, becoming an outcast (single mother), etc., among urban residents the material factor dominated (inability to feed a large number of children). At the same time, it was determined why abortions were low popularity among peasant women (strong positions of the Christian doctrine of infanticide, high probability of death during the operation, the dominance of the cult of the mother). Methods of abortion (mechanical and chemical) are given. The criminal liability of women and midwives for miscarriage is shown. The author provides significant statistics on the number of people convicted of criminal abortion not only in the Russian Empire, but also in the world, as well as examples of public struggle for the decriminalization of abortion. Legislation of the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century demonstrates a much more loyal attitude towards women who have resorted to abortion, given the new realities and challenges of the time. The probability of punishment for abortion was low, because, on the one hand, most miscarriages were made voluntarily, and therefore cases were rarely sent to court, except in the case of a woman's death during surgery, and on the other hand – jurors often acquitted abortions. women and midwives.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
The purposes of preoperative hyperthermoradiation (HR) therapy in advanced rectal carcinoma is to decrease the tumor mass and local recurrence after the operation and to improve long-term survival. The aim of this study was to investigate useful parameters of preoperative HR therapy in advanced rectal carcinoma.

METHODOLOGY
Thirty-seven patients with primary advanced rectal carcinoma located in the lower part of the rectum were treated with preoperative HR therapy followed by a curative resection of the rectum. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 was performed on biopsied specimens obtained from 24 of them.

RESULTS
For both p53- and HSP 70-positive tumors the effect of HR therapy was good and survival rates were better than with for other tumors, but there was no significant correlation between HSP 70 expression and the effect of HR therapy and survival rates. And there was also no significant correlation between p53 expression and the effect of HR therapy and survival rates. HR therapy had a significant effect on the G or G4 tumors compared with G1 or G2 tumors (p = 0.0277).

CONCLUSIONS
Immunohistochemical detection of p53 and HSP 70 expressions may be useful for hyperthermoradiosensitive patients with advanced rectal carcinoma selected for preoperative HR therapy. HR therapy had a significant effect on G3 or G4 tumors compared with G1 or G2 tumors.


Format dependence implies that assessment of the same subjective probability distribution produces different conclusions about over- or underconfidence depending on the assessment format. In 2 experiments, the authors demonstrate that the overconfidence bias that occurs when participants produce intervals for an uncertain quantity is almost abolished when they evaluate the probability that the same intervals include the quantity. The authors successfully apply a method for adaptive adjustment of probability intervals as a debiasing tool and discuss a tentative explanation in terms of a naive sampling model. According to this view, people report their experiences accurately, but they are naive in that they treat both sample proportion and sample dispersion as unbiased estimators, yielding small bias in probability evaluation but strong bias in interval production.


ABSTRACT This study was performed to investigate the nutritive values of white panicled rice ( Oryza sativa L., WPR) silage manufactured with WPR grown in reclaimed paddy field of Bigumdo of Korea in 2011. The WPR used in this study were collected in 1,000 ha of reclaimed paddy field of Bigumdo and was harvested at dough stage and ensiled. The yield of whole crop rice (WCR) grown in region received the most severe damage (MSD) was lower as about 800 kg/ha as than that in region of normal growth (NG). The content of crude protein and total digestible nutrient in WCR of MSD slightly increased, as compared to that in WCR of NG, but the contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber significantly decreased (p<0.05). The pH in WCR silage of MSD and NG ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 and pH decreased by the inoculation of lactic bacteria(p<0.05). The content of lactic acid in WCR silage of MSD and NG increased by the inoculation of lactic bacteria (p<0.05), but the content of acetic acid and butyric acid decreased (p<0.05). Flieg's score in WCR silage of MSD and NG inoculated lactic bacteria increased from 2 to 3 grade, as comparing to non-inoculation of lactic bacteria. Therefore, this study suggests that WPR can be utilized as forage.(