Introduction The partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure takes on a critical significance to enhancing soil quality and boosting sustainable agricultural development. However, rare research has studied the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on soil bacterial community diversity and enzyme activity in maize field in the mountain red soil region of Yunnan. Methods In this study, four treatments were set up in which chemical fertilizer (the application rates of N, P2O5 and K2O were 240, 75 and 75 kg·ha−1, respectively) was substituted by 10% (M10), 20% (M20), 30% (M30) and 40% (M40) of organic manure with equal nitrogen, as well as two control treatments of single application of chemical fertilizer (M0) and no fertilization (CK). The maize (Zea mays L.) crop was sown as a test crop in May 2018. The effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on soil physicochemical properties, soil bacterial community diversity and enzyme activity were studied. Results The activities of Cellulase (CBH), Invertase (INV) and β-glucosidase (BG) increased with the increase of organic manure substitution ratio. The activities of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), Urease (URE), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) also had the same trend, but the highest activities were 159.92 mg·g−1·h−1, 66.82 mg·g−1·h−1 and 143.90 mg·g−1·h−1 at 30% substitution ratio. Compared with CK and M0 treatments, Shannon index increased notably by 82.91%–116.74% and 92.42%–128.01%, respectively, at the organic manure substitution ratio ranging from 10% to 40%. Chao1 and ACE index increased significantly at the organic manure substitution ratio ranging from 10% to 30%. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all treatments, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased as the organic manure substitution ratio increased. Redundancy analysis showed that microbial biomass C was the main factor affecting the bacterial community composition under partial replacement of chemical fertilizer treatment, while Actinobacteria was the main factor affecting the enzyme activity. In addition, the maize yield of M30 and M40 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and M0-M20 treatments, and the yield of M30 treatment was the highest, reaching 7652.89 kg·ha−1. Conclusion Therefore, the partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure can improve soil biological characteristics, while increasing bacterial community diversity and soil enzyme activity. Therefore, a thirty percent organic manure substitution was determined as the optimal substitution ratio for maize farmland in the mountain red soil area of Yunnan, China.


Aviation medical examination is closely related to flight safety. The purpose of the periodic physical examination is to prevent incapacitation in the cockpit with potentially disastrous consequences to life and property. Aerospace medical association of Korea has the authority to review aviation examination reports. The board of aviation medical examination can decide to the waiver or defer cases. They can make a medical decision based on the guidelines for aviation medical examiners, but the guidelines are not in detail. References of foreign country's manuals of aviation medical examination such as International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Joint Aviation Authority (JAA), and Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) are often utilized. The purpose of this study was to compare the aviation medical guidelines and the regulations in pilots with coronary heart disease of Korea and other countries. There was no significant difference between the Korean aviation medical manual and the others including ICAO, especially in the case of coronary heart disease.


The corrosion products formed in boiling water reactor (BWR) coolant systems cause a wide range of problems due to reduce heat transfer and transportation of radioactivity. It is of prime interest to describe corrosion product properties in order to form a basis for the reduction of their negative influence on plant performance. Corrosion product particle characterization was carried out in connection with a study of precoat filtration of condensate water in eight Swedish and two Finnish BWRs. A variety of different techniques and tools were used in the characterization work. Filtration was used for the capture of particles, and scanning electron microscopy was used for size measurements, surface studies, and analysis of the elements present. The X-ray diffraction technique was used for phase determinations. A wide range of iron-containing particulate material is present in the water of different BWR systems. The corrosion products are strongly dominated by particulate material. Most particles are in the colloidal size range and are composed of small crystallites or amorphous material and normally have a negative surface charge. The largest number of particles in condensates is found in the submicron range. The phase composition varies between drains and condensates. Crystalline phases, such as magnetite, hematite, more » and lepidocrocite, have been observed in both cases. In condensates, there is a 50/50 relationship by weight between crystalline particles are dominant. « less


Insecticides have a pivotal role in our lives, not only for crop protection in agriculture, but also to avoid the spreading of harmful pests causing human diseases such as malaria. Due to economic and medical reasons, the design of effective agents that control these pests is quite an important task in agrochemical science and in the industrial sector. Nevertheless, the non-restricted use of highly toxic insecticides for several decades has provoked negative effects in the environment and the poisoning of non-targeted species. For these reasons, the development of selective and harmless insecticides is needed. A short overview of some of the recent advances in the chemistry of insecticides is presented, with a highlight of their greenness compared with classical insecticides. Synthesis, mode of action and environmental profile of pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and insect growth regulators will be described. Furthermore, the use of biological insecticides such as spinosyns, azadirachtin, and Bacillus thuringiensis as green alternatives for synthetic insecticides will also be reviewed.


The association of fungus in allergic fungal rhino sinusitis has been around 200 times in the world literature. As per the available literature, the most common agent identified so far appears to be ASPERGILLUS, though the condition is increasingly associated with Dematiaceous fungi. Here we report for the first time the presence of unusual fungus in allergic rhino sinusitis, which has not been reported so far.


Cosmological redshift z grows as the Universe expands and is conventionally viewed as a third form of redshift, beyond the more traditional Doppler and gravitational effects seen in other applications of general relativity. In this paper, we examine the origin of redshift in the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metrics with constant space–time curvature, and show that – at least for the static space–times – the interpretation of z as due to the 'stretching' of space is coordinate dependent. Namely, we prove that redshift may also be calculated solely from the effects of kinematics and gravitational acceleration. This suggests that its dependence on the expansion factor is simply a manifestation of the high degree of symmetry in FRW, and ought not be viewed as evidence in support of the idea that space itself is expanding.


The possibilities to form dimeric capsules with supramolecular chirality from tetraurea calix[4]arenes composed of two different phenolic urea units are discussed in general and demonstrated experimentally for various selected examples.


The flow field behind non-planar porous fence of geometric porosity ε=0.273 with various bottom gaps (G) has been investigated by hot-wire anemometer velocity field measurement technique in a wind tunnel experiment. Seven gap ratios G/H=0.000, 0.025, 0.075, 0.125, 0.150, 0.175, 0.200 of non-planar porous fence were tested in this study with the free-stream velocity fixed at 10m/s. The experimental data were analyzed and the turbulence intensity and wind reduction ratios for different gaps of the porous fence were calculated to estimate the shelter effect of a non-planar porous fence model. The results show that the gap ratio G/H=0.150 gives the best shelter effect among the seven gaps of the non-planar porous fence tested in this study, having a better mean velocity and turbulence intensity as well as wind reduction ratio in a large area behind the non-planar porous fence.


Skeletal muscle protein concentrations are regulated by protein synthesis and protein degradation mechanisms. In the present study, we compared two muscle loss phenomenon i.e., hypobaric hypoxia and sarcopenia. Male SD rats were distributed into three groups: control, aged and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposed rats. Results showed elevated levels of oxidative stress marker, ROS and GSSG: GSH in both stresses which corroborated with decreased in thiol content. Ergo, protein and lipid oxidation also increased in aged rats as contrast to HH exposed and control rats. Moreover, protein degradative machinery and apoptosis related markers, 20S proteasome, caspase-3 and caspase-9 was also upregulated in the aged and HH-exposed rats. Interestingly, the activity of two important proteins i.e., p-Akt and heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) were found different in these two stresses. p-Akt and HSP60 protein were elevated in HH-exposed rats whilst decreased activity was noted in case of aged rats. These results suggest that age is natural phenomenon that resulted into muscle protein loss, whereas HH-exposure has entirely different degradation mechanism. In the event of HH-exposure, cell has mechanisms to cope up with the unfavorable stress condition but degradation mechanisms are highly activated which led to muscle protein loss.


The paper examines methods for predicting the settlement of deep footings in reconstituted sand. Results from vertical load tests on deep circular plates within a laboratory pressure chamber are interpreted using data from triaxial tests, cone penetration tests (CPTs), and pressuremeter tests obtained for the same reconstituted sand. A simple nonlinear CPT-based relationship is shown to match the response observed in the plate tests and be consistent with finite element analyses as well as other comparable physical tests. The relationships between foundation stiffness and the sand's small-strain stiffness, its stiffness at 50% mobilized strength, and its response to pressuremeter loading are also explored. Comparisons with full-scale tests in the field reveal a strong effect of ageing on foundation stiffness, which appears to be better captured by small-strain stiffness than CPT end resistance. Measurements confirm that vertical loading of a deep plate is analogous to the expansion of a spherical cavity.


A RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) based numerical method is developed for the evaluation of ship resistance and self-propulsion performances. In the usability aspect of CFD for the hull form design, the field grid around practical hull forms is generated by solving a grid Poisson equation based on the hull surface grid generated from station offsets and centerline profile. A body force technique is introduced to model the effects of the propeller in which the propeller loads are obtained from potential flow analysis using an unsteady lifting surface method. The free surface is captured by using a two-phase level-set method and the realizable model is used for turbulence closure. The hull attitude in vertical plane, i.e., trim and sinkage, is calculated by using a quasi-steady method and then considered in the computation by translating and rotating the grid system according to the values. For the validation of the proposed method, the numerical results of resistance tests for KCS, KLNG, and KVLCC1 and of self-propulsion test for KCS are compared with experimental data.


The hydrogen abstraction reaction CH2O + NH2 → CHO + NH3 has been studied using direct ab initio dynamics method. All of the information along the minimum energy path (MEP) was calculated at the UMP2/6-311+G(d, p) level of theory. Energetic data along the MEP were further refined using the scheme G2 with the UMP2/6-311+G(d, p) optimized geometries. The barrier heights for the forward and reverse reactions were obtained as 5.89 and 24.44 kcal/mol, respectively. Reaction rate constants and activation energies were calculated for the temperature range 250−2500 K by the improved canonical variation transition state theory (ICVT) incorporating a small-curvature tunneling correction (SCT). The rate constant at the room temperature was predicted to be 5.25 × 10-17 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which is about 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of acetaldehyde with aminogen.


Objective: The aim was to study the benefits and risks of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells in adults with B-cell lymphoma. Methods: From October 2015 to October 2021, we treated five patients with B-cell lymphoma, comprising two with mantle cell lymphoma, one case of Burkitt lymphoma, one case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and one case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. The patients were given the FC regimen 5 days before the infusion of anti-CD19 CAR T-cells. The median total number of CAR T-cells infusions was 350*10^6 (88*10^6–585*10^6). Results: 1) Patients who received CAR T-cell induction therapy achieved complete remission (CR) in Case 1 and Case 3 and partial remission (PR) in Case 2. Case 3's ATM and D13S25 gene deletions were negative 42 days after CAR T-cell therapy, and molecular biology CR (mCR) and minimal residual disease (MRD) were negative for 5 years and 6 months. The patient in Case 3 was cured. 2) Case 4 patient's TP53 gene mutation became negative 1 month after CAR T-cell therapy. MRD was negative after CAR T-cell therapy at 41 and 42 months in Cases 4 and 5, respectively. 3) Case 1∼Case 3 patients developed cytokine release syndrome (CRS) without encephalopathy syndrome, accompanied with serious adverse events. CRS can be effectively managed with tocilizumab, etanercept, glucocorticoids, and plasmapheresis. Conclusion: Anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy is effective in treating relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma, and the side effects of CAR T-cell therapy can be properly managed. CAR T-cell therapy has high efficacy and presented no side effects in the treatment of MRD in B-cell lymphoma (NCT03685786, NCT02456350).


Multilingual models can improve language processing, particularly for low resource situations, by sharing parameters across languages. Multilingual acoustic models, however, generally ignore the difference between phonemes (sounds that can support lexical contrasts in a particular language) and their corresponding phones (the sounds that are actually spoken, which are language independent). This can lead to performance degradation when combining a variety of training languages, as identically annotated phonemes can actually correspond to several different underlying phonetic realizations. In this work, we propose a joint model of both language-independent phone and language-dependent phoneme distributions. In multilingual ASR experiments over 11 languages, we find that this model improves testing performance by 2% phoneme error rate absolute in low-resource conditions. Additionally, because we are explicitly modeling language-independent phones, we can build a (nearly-)universal phone recognizer that, when combined with the PHOIBLE [1] large, manually curated database of phone inventories, can be customized into 2,000 language dependent recognizers. Experiments on two low-resourced indigenous languages, Inuktitut and Tusom, show that our recognizer achieves phone accuracy improvements of more than 17%, moving a step closer to speech recognition for all languages in the world.1


We consider an individual‐based model for fish schooling, which incorporates a tendency for each fish to align its position and orientation with an appropriate average of its neighbors' positions and orientations, in addition to a tendency for each fish to avoid collisions. To accurately determine the statistical properties of the collective motion of fish whose dynamics are described by such a model, many realizations are typically required. This carries a very high computational cost. The current generation of graphics processing units is well suited to this task. We describe our implementation and present computational experiments illustrating the power of this technology for this important and challenging class of problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To date, no mayflies have been described from Cape Verde, an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Based on the material collected on two islands, Santo Antão and Santiago, two species of the genus Cloeon Leach, 1815 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) are described based on larvae and imagines. Cloeon morna sp. n., collected in Santo Antão, and C. sidadi sp. n., collected in Santiago, have 3-segmented maxillary palps and tapered labial palps of larvae. The new species can be distinguished from each other and from other West-African species of the genus mainly according to details of the lateral spines on larval abdominal segments and characteristic colourations of vitta and terga in female imagines and colours of male turbinate eyes. Affinities to the West African species of the genus are discussed.


This paper presents an efficient technique for automatic ear detection from side face images. The proposed technique detects ear by exploiting its inherent structural details and is rotation, scale and shape invariant. It can detect ear without any training or assuming prior knowledge of the input image. The technique is based on connected component analysis of a graph constructed using the edge map of the image and is evaluated on a data set consisting of 2361 side face images collected at IIT Kanpur. Ear detection results are found to be very good and speak for the efficiency and robustness of the technique. To show the accuracy of the detection, detected ears are used for recognition and results are compared with the same obtained when ear cropping in done manually.


This study examines the instrument selection strategies currently employed throughout the type-2 diabetes and HbA1c MR literature. We then argue for a more integrated and thorough approach, providing a framework to do this in the context of HbA1c and diabetes. We conducted a literature search for Mendelian randomisation studies that have instrumented diabetes and/or HbA1c. We also used data from the UK Biobank (N=349,326) to calculate instrument strength metrics that are key in MR studies (the F-statistic for average strength and R2 for total strength) with two different methods ('Individual-level data regression' and Cragg-Donald formula). We used a 157-SNP instrument for diabetes and a 51-SNP instrument (as well as partitioned into glycaemic and erythrocytic) for HbA1c. Our literature search yielded 48 studies for diabetes and 22 for HbA1c. Our UKB empirical examples showed that irrespective of, the method used to calculate metrics of strength and whether the instrument was the main one or was partitioned by function, the HbA1c genetic instrument is strong in terms of both average and total strength. For diabetes, a 157-SNP instrument was shown to have good average and total strength, but these were both substantially smaller than those of the HbA1c instrument. We provide a careful set of five recommendations to researchers who wish to genetically instrument type-2 diabetes and/or HbA1c. MR studies of glycaemia should take a more integrated approach when selecting genetic instruments and we give specific guidance on how to do this.


The water scarcity problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is examined as a national and regional problem. It is argued that lack of water could cause environmental public health problems. The environmental implications are highlighted and some measures proposed to reduce the inherent dangers. Using the UN Economic Commission for Europe Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Convention as a case study, some implications for SSA are explored. Despite many limitations, the Convention has a role in the management of shared water resources in SSA. Research at national and regional levels is needed to determine the quantity and quality of water available for sharing, the sources and types of pollution and remedial measures.


Background DCB-3503, a tylophorine analog, inhibits the growth of PANC-1 (human pancreatic ductal cancer cell line) and HepG2 (human hepatocellular cancer cell line) tumor xenografts in nude mice. The inhibition of growth leads to cancer cell differentiation instead of cell death. However, the mechanisms of action of tylophorine analogs is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we show that DCB-3503 suppresses the expression of pro-oncogenic or pro-survival proteins with short half-lives, including cyclin D1, survivin, β-catenin, p53, and p21, without decreasing their mRNA levels. Proteasome inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of DCB-3503 on expression of these proteins. DCB-3503 inhibited the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acid and thymidine, and to a much lesser degree of uridine, in a panel of cell lines. The mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis is different from that of cycloheximide (CHX) as assayed in cell culture and HeLa in vitro translation system. Furthermore, in contrast to rapamycin, DCB-3503 does not affect protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway. DCB-3503 treatment shifts the sedimentation profiles of ribosomes and mRNAs towards the polysomal fractions while diminishing monosome abundance, indicative of the inhibition of the elongation step of protein synthesis. Preferential down regulation of several studied proteins under these conditions is likely due to the relative short half-lives of these proteins. Conclusion/Significance The inhibitory effect of DCB-3503 on translation is apparently distinct from any of the current anticancer compounds targeting protein synthesis. Translation inhibitors with novel mechanism could complement current chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of human cancers and suppress the occurrence of drug resistance.


The ability to accurately reconstruct the 3D facets of a scene is one of the key problems in robotic vision. However, even with recent advances with machine learning, there is no high-fidelity universal 3D reconstruction method for this optimization problem as schemes often cater to specific image modalities and are often biased by scene abnormalities. Simply put, there always remains an "information" gap due to the dynamic nature of real-world scenarios. To this end, we demonstrate a feedback control framework which invokes operator inputs (also prone to errors) in order to augment existing reconstruction schemes. For proof-of-concept, we choose a classical region-based stereoscopic reconstruction approach and show how an ill-posed model can be augmented with operator input to be much more robust to scene artifacts. We provide necessary conditions for stability via Lyapunov analysis and perhaps more importantly, we show that the stability depends on a notion of absolute curvature. Mathematically, this aligns with previous work that has shown Ricci curvature as proxy for functional robustness of dynamical networked systems. We conclude with results that show how our method can improve standalone reconstruction schemes.


OBJECTIVE
To define the clinical spectrum and disease manifestations of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) as seen in a community, rather than a referral setting.

METHODS
Eighty percent (83/104) of all individuals identified as having SpA in a community wide epidemiologic study of Alaskan Eskimos and 83 age and sex matched controls from the same regions participated in a 5 year clinical study. The study included baseline and followup interviews, physical, radiographic, and electrocardiographic examinations, record reviews, and functional assessment. The medical records of an additional 83 age and sex matched controls were reviewed and followed over the same 5 year period.

RESULTS
The spectrum of disease varied from very mild undifferentiated SpA (USpA) to incapacitating ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Most cases were mild. Overlapping clinical features were common in the different syndromes; 10% of the cases met more than 1 set of disease criteria. Axial signs and symptoms were more frequent in patients with AS, but occurred in over half of the patients with USpA and reactive arthritis (ReA) also. Peripheral joint involvement was noted in 85% of the AS cases, usually early in the course of disease. The patterns of joint involvement and enthesopathy were similar in SpA subjects with different syndromes and significantly different from those in control subjects. Patients with AS had a higher frequency of uveitis and of aortic root disease than patients with other syndromes.

CONCLUSION
The results illustrate the extent of shared clinical features in the different SpA syndromes, and describe the frequency of different features associated with SpA in patients and matched controls in a community setting. ReA and USpA were more prevalent and less severe than AS in these populations.


Non-viral gene delivery has emerged as a promising strategy in the past two decades for gene therapy. However, it is difficult to translate non-viral gene delivery into clinical trials. This is because of the low transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors and little knowledge about transfection mechanism in 3D tissues. The complex microenvironment of 3D tissues results in the poor relevance of non-viral transfection in conventional 2D monolayer cells and 3D tissues. Here, we develop a 3D multicellular spheroid model to increase the understanding of the gene delivery process by non-viral vectors in 3D tissues. We synthesized Spermine-conjugated-Dextran (SD), non-viral vector, for gene delivery to 3D tissues. Then, we utilized micro-fabrication technique to prepare 3D spheroids with uniform size in a high throughput manner. We compared the transfection of SD/DNA nanocomplex in 2D cells and 3D spheroids. Our results revealed that the transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity of non-viral vectors were lower in 3D spheroids than those in 2D monolayer cells. We used confocal microscopy to visualize the cellular uptake of SD/DNA complex in monolayer cells and spheroids. The results demonstrated that SD vector was limited to the external layers of cells in 3D spheroids and couldn't penetrate into the core of spheroids. Taken together, our study indicates that the non-viral transfection behavior in 3D spheroid model is different from that in 2D cells, and this model may be more relevant to in vivo setting than that of conventional 2D monolayer cell models. This system also provides a useful high throughput in vitro screening platform for the novel non-viral gene delivery system testing in the future.


Reliability of emergency Diesel generator systems, or indeed any Diesel engines in a wide range of fields is critical. Traditional maintenance procedures for these engines follow time based or statistical based methods. Due to the wide variety of uses of Diesel engines it is not possible for these forms of maintenance to be as effective as condition based monitoring. Condition based monitoring holds many advantages over traditional maintenance methods. It allows for the earlier detection and diagnosis of a fault and allows for planned maintenance work avoiding costly and unexpected downtime. It also reduces the overall maintenance costs as parts need only be replaced when they are worn or faulty, not based on a time schedule.The ability to unobtrusively monitor the engines also has many advantages in- cluding reduced sensor cost and negating the need to tamper permanently with the engine. Acoustic monitoring has been identified as the most prominent and effective way in which to achieve this goal. As such, extensive experimentation was carried out on both large and small Diesel engines over a wide range of speeds, loads and faults and the data was then analysed. The data was first investigated statistically and then processed using Independent Component Analysis after the statistical re- sults were found to be poor.A program was written for the automatic comparison of the collected data and the results presented in this thesis show that ICA and acoustic emissions have the ability to aid in engine fault detection and diagnosis. The results have shown to be reliable, consistent and able to distinguish when the engine is healthy or faulty.


Korsakoff syndrome is a neuropsychiatric condition frequently seen as a progression of Wernicke's encephalopathy and is often associated with long-term alcohol abuse. It is characterized by further cognitive impairments, such as indiscriminate anterograde and retrograde amnesia, in addition to executive function deficits. As the syndrome is a result of severe thiamine deficiency, its management primarily focuses on nutritional replenishment and electrolyte maintenance. In recent years, a few published reports have detailed the off-label use of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs for Alzheimer's in an attempt to treat neurocognitive deficits associated with Korsakoff patients. In this particular case, we note subjective improvement in cognition after initiating memantine, an N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.


This paper deals with the automatic extraction of the road network in dense urban areas using a few-meters-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The first part presents the proposed method, which is an adaptation of previous work to the specific case of urban areas. The major modifications are 1) the clique potentials of the Markov random field that extracts the road network are adapted and 2) a multiscale framework is used. Results on shuttle mission and aerial SAR images with different resolutions are presented. The second part is dedicated to road extraction combining two SAR images taken with different flight directions (orthogonal and antiparallel passes), and the obtained improvement is analyzed.


The major function of the dream book as a genre is the evaluation of entities as "good" or "bad", which is also the basis for the interpretation of dream images. Therefore, on the basis of dream books, it is possible to reconstruct the values of folk culture. The relevant texts are of the following type: eggs mean gossip, lice mean money, a ring – a wedding, in which the first element is a dream image and the second is its explanation. The two elements together constitute the frame of the genre "If one dreams of X, in reality Y will happen". Values are connected with explanations (Y), but evaluation in the dream book is also found in the images themselves. Generally speaking, what is young, light, clear, complete, healthy is explained as signifying life, health, youth, wealth, good harvest, harmony or happiness. On the other hand, what is dead, old, dark, dirty, incomplete, ill is explained as something bad, in particular death, illness, old age, poverty, bad harvest, quarrel, unhappiness or sorrow. The most important values for the folk dream interpreter are practical ones, connected with basic human needs, therefore the center of the folk world
is life and its protection.


One-shot neural architecture search (NAS) substantially improves the search efficiency by training one supernet to estimate the performance of every possible child architecture (i.e., subnet). However, the inconsistency of characteristics among subnets incurs serious interference in the optimization, resulting in poor performance ranking correlation of subnets. Subsequent explorations decompose supernet weights via a particular criterion, e.g., gradient matching, to reduce the interference; yet they suffer from huge computational cost and low space separability. In this work, we propose a lightweight and effective local intrinsic dimension (LID)-based method NAS-LID. NAS-LID evaluates the geometrical properties of architectures by calculating the low-cost LID features layer-by-layer, and the similarity characterized by LID enjoys better separability compared with gradients, which thus effectively reduces the interference among subnets. Extensive experiments on NASBench-201 indicate that NAS-LID achieves superior performance with better efficiency. Specifically, compared to the gradient-driven method, NAS-LID can save up to 86% of GPU memory overhead when searching on NASBench-201. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of NAS-LID on ProxylessNAS and OFA spaces. Source code:https://github.com/marsggbo/NAS-LID.


BACKGROUND
We assessed adult hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function following treatment with chemotherapy and cranial irradiation for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

METHODS
The patients (n = 12) had median age at diagnosis of 4.7 years, and at assessment of 20.8 years. They collected a daily urine sample over two to five consecutive menstrual cycles (total of 41 cycles) for analysis of LH and steroid excretion. Blood sampling and ovarian ultrasound examination was performed in the early follicular phase. Sixteen healthy women with regular menstrual cycles were recruited as controls.

RESULTS
Urinary LH excretion was significantly lower in patients throughout the cycle, particularly during the LH surge (P < 0.0001). The length of the luteal phase was significantly shorter in patients than in normal controls (12.2 +/- 0.3 versus 13.6 +/- 0.4 days, P = 0.01) with a high prevalence of short (< or =11 days) luteal phases (15/39 cycles). Luteal phase pregnanediol excretion was slightly but not significantly lower. Follicular and luteal phase excretion of oestrone was lower in patients than in controls (P = 0.01). Early follicular phase plasma oestradiol was also lower in the patient group (P = 0.032) although LH, FSH, inhibin A and B concentrations were similar.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that treatment for childhood leukaemia results in subtle ovulatory disorder in some patients, probably related to cranial irradiation. Follow-up of these women is required to detect any effect on reproductive potential.


The novel use of blood-based biospecimens from a retrospective cohort of 50 patients with osteosarcoma was recently studied. The potential clinical utility of sorting cell-free DNA by fragment size was defined, with shorter tumor-specific DNA enrichment providing prognostic value and allowing for streamlined molecular profiling of circulating tumor material.


The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein baculovirus IAP repeat (XIAP BIR3) domain is a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. For the mirror-image screening campaign to identify drug candidates from an unexplored mirror-image natural product library, a facile synthetic protocol for XIAP BIR3 domain synthesis was established by a native chemical ligation strategy using conserved cysteines present among BIR domains. The native and mirror-image XIAP BIR3 domains with an appropriate functional group for labeling were prepared using the established protocol. Taking advantage of the resulting synthetic proteins, several bioassay systems were developed to characterize inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction between the XIAP BIR3 domain and the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases.


Forty-eight accessions of wild Vigna species/sub-species were grown to verify their reactions to yellow mosaic disease (YMD), under field conditions in New Delhi (India) during 2012 and 2013. Symptoms of YMD that developed on wild Vigna were similar to those observed on cultivated species. Symptomatic plants produced few flowers and pods with reduced seed size. The infection coefficient was in the range of 0–71%. The causal virus was identified by PCR using species-specific primers to detect all the four viruses responsible for YMD in pulse crops. All the YMD-affected wild Vigna species/sub-species accessions were infected by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV), with positive amplification of the targeted DNA fragment, except one accession of V. hainiana (IC331450) which was infected with Mungbean yellow mosaic virus . This indicated that MYMIV is the predominant virus causing yellow mosaic in wild species/sub-species of Vigna at New Delhi. Eight accessions belonging to V. synthetic allotetraploid, V. umbellata , V. mungo var. mungo , V. trilobata , V. trinervia var. bourneae , V. radiata var. sublobata and V. dalzelliana were completely free from YMD and gave negative PCR results with primers specific to all the four viruses. This confirms resistance to YMD in these wild Vigna species.


The sensitivity of a microfluidic impedance flow cytometer is governed by the dimensions of the sample analysis volume. A small volume gives a high sensitivity, but this can lead to practical problems including fabrication and clogging of the device. We describe a microfluidic impedance cytometer which uses an insulating fluid to hydrodynamically focus a sample stream of particles suspended in electrolyte, through a large sensing volume. The detection region consists of two pairs of electrodes fabricated within a channel 200 µm wide and 30 µm high. The focussing technique increases the sensitivity of the system without reducing the dimensions of the microfluidic channel. We demonstrate detection and discrimination of 1 µm and 2 µm diameter polystyrene beads and also Escherichia coli. Impedance data from single particles are correlated with fluorescence emission measured simultaneously. Data are also compared with conventional flow cytometry and dynamic light scattering: the coefficient of variation (CV) of size is found to be comparable between the systems.


This paper analyses a model for the intensity of distribution for rays propagating without absorption in a random medium. The random medium is modelled as a dynamical map. After N iterations, the intensity is modelled as a sum S of N contributions from different trajectories, each of which is a product of N independent identically distributed random variables xk, representing successive focussing or de-focussing events. The number of ray trajectories reaching a given point is assumed to proliferate exponentially: N=ΛN, for some 1$ ?>Λ>1. We investigate the probability distribution of S. We find a phase transition as parameters of the model are varied. There is a phase where the fluctuations of S are suppressed as N→∞, and a phase where the S has large fluctuations, for which we provide a large deviation analysis.


Protein degraders have been developed that can aide in understanding gene function. These chemicals contain complementary bifunctional components that 1) interact with specific proteins, and 2) engage an E3 ligase which leads to polyubiquitination and intracellular degradation by the proteasome. Thalidomide, infamously known for its teratogenic effects, is central to this new technology since it binds cereblon (CRBN) which promiscuously recruits the DDB1/Cul4A/Rbx1 complex to trigger target destruction. Thalidomide, and especially its immunomodulatory derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide, induce NK and T-cell activation by degrading IKZF1 which is a transcription factor that suppresses IL-2. Currently, it is debated whether mouse cereblon has conserved function due to a single non-conserved amino acid in mouse CRBN, Ile390 (equivalent to Val388 in human CRBN). First, our work confirms that lenalidomide induces IL-2 and the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of IKZF1 only in human and not mouse T-cells treated with lenalidomide. To further test for species-related effects, a series of theoretical and physical binding assays using mutant CRBN proteins show that the binding of IMiD compounds is not impaired by amino acid differences in mouse CRBN. Using dBET1, a novel thalidomide-JQ1 protein degrader, we show for the first time that mouse CRBN can trigger CRBN-dependent degradation of BRD4 and confirm that the CRBN/DDB1/Cul4A/Rbx1 complex is functional in mouse T-cells. Collectively, our results suggest that IKZF1 has divergent regulation in mouse cells rather than the IMiD complex and provide information relevant to the development of chemical conjugates that induce targeted intracellular protein degradation.


A 7-year 10-month-old boy was evaluated for mouth breathing and snoring habits. Examination revealed soft convex tissues, maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, and a class II sagittal osteofascial pattern. The patient failed a water holding test. He was clinically diagnosed with skeletal class II malocclusion caused by mouth breathing. Under interceptive guidance of occlusion (iGo), the malocclusion improved with fixed maxillary expansion using functional appliances and interventional treatment of mouth breathing by lip closure exercises. These treatments enabled the patient to gradually return to nasal breathing and guided him to develop physiological occlusion for a coordinated jaw-to-jaw relation. At the 5-year 2-month post-correction follow-up visit (at the age of 13 years), the patient had stable occlusion, a coordinated osteofascial pattern, and normal dentition, periodontium, and temporomandibular joints.


Gradient boosting is a flexible machine learning technique that produces accurate predictions by combining many weak learners. In this work, we investigate its use in two applications, where we show the advantage of loss functions that are designed specifically for optimizing application objectives. We also extend the original gradient boosting algorithm with Newton-Raphson method to speed up learning. In the experiments, we demonstrate that the use of gradient boosting and application specific loss functions results in a relative improvement of 0.8% over an 82.6% baseline on the CoNLL 2003 named entity recognition task. We also show that this novel framework is useful in identifying regions of high word error rate (WER) and can provide up to 20% relative improvement depending on the chosen operating point.


This work presents a new metric that calculates the performance of a Web cache with admission control. This metric is an alternative to the classic hit rate (HR) and byte hit rate (BHR) that has been especially developed to measure the effectiveness of the cache when there is an admission control policy that decides if a new document that reaches the cache must be cached. Additionally, a second metric that computes the capacity of the admission control to reject documents that are referenced only one time or are modified from reference to reference, has been proposed. We have evaluated the ability of the metrics by means of simulation of a cache that considers the least recently used (LRU) replacement policy and an admission control that rejects the documents based on their size


In order to study of Effect of irrigation intervals and sulphur fertilizer on growth analyses and yield of Indian mustard ( B. juncea var. Pusa Jagannath), a field experiment was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during crop season of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. The experiment was carried out in split plot designed with three replications. The treatments consisted of three levels (no irrigation, one irrigation at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and two irrigations at 45 DAS and 90 DAS) of irrigation in main plots and four levels (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg S/ha) of sulphur in sub-plots. The results showed that in both years of experimentation application of two irrigations significantly increased plant height and number of primary branches per plant over one irrigation, which resulted in significantly higher straw yield. Also application of two irrigations, being on par with one irrigation, significantly increased RGR and NAR over no irrigation at all the stages of plant growth in both the years of investigation. The increasing level of sulphur increased plant height, number of primary branches, yield straw and leaf area index, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at all the stages of crop growth.


Although the role of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in cancer treatment is rapidly expanding, decreasing the side effects of stem-cell infusion is a major challenge. Cancer cells present in the stem-cell collection can cause relapse after autologous transplantation. In allogeneic transplantation. T lymphocytes contribute to graft-versus-host disease. Various methods of purging have been used to remove these unwanted cells, and there is some evidence that such manipulations are clinically useful. Nevertheless, the inability to detect minimal disease makes it difficult to determine whether relapse is caused by incomplete disease eradication in the patient or by the infused cells. This makes it hard to justify the clinical benefit of ex vivo purging. Researchers can focus on this issue by designing studies with minimal variation in other factors that affect the success of stem-cell transplantation.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the microtensile bond strength (microTBS) of three adhesives to bovine enamel prepared with 600-grit silicon carbide paper, diamond rotary instrument, or carbide bur.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bovine teeth (n = 36) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and bonded using a total-etch adhesive (Single Bond, 3M ESPE), a self-etching primer system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray), or a self-etching adhesive (One-Up Bond F, Tokuyama). A 4-mm composite crown was built on the bonded surfaces and specimens were stored in water for one day at 37 degrees C. Specimens were sectioned into 0.7-mm-thick slabs, trimmed to a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2, and loaded to failure at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using a tabletop tester (EZ-Test, Shimadzu). Microtensile bond strength data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test (alpha = 0.05).

RESULTS
The bond strength of each self-etching system was lower when the enamel was prepared using a diamond or carbide bur, rather than with 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Differences in microTBS between carbide- and diamond-prepared surfaces were not significant. The surface preparation method did not affect the total-etch system.

CONCLUSION
Different preparation instruments are unlikely to affect resin-enamel bond strengths.


The integral expression for the gravitational potential of a homogeneous circular torus composed of infinitely thin rings is obtained. Approximate expressions for the torus potential in the outer and inner regions are found. In the outer region, the torus potential is shown to be approximately equal to that of an infinitely thin ring of the same mass; it is valid up to the surface of the torus. It is shown in a first approximation that the inner potential of the torus (inside a torus body) is a quadratic function of the coordinates. A method of sewing together the inner and outer potentials is proposed. This method provides a continuous approximate solution for the potential and its derivatives, working throughout the region.


Objectives To reveal negative clinical course and prognostic factors of persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD). Methods Retrospective analysis of 141 patients diagnosed with PTD from 1996 to 2012, treated at Troghoblastic Disease Center of N.N.Blokhin NMRC of Oncology. 129 (91,5%) patients were low-risk disease, 12 (8,5%) - high-risk. Low risk PTD was treated with methotrexate regimen, high-risk - EMA-CO regimen. Results Before obtaining care in Blokhin Center 40 (28,4%) patients underwent repeat uterine evacuation, 13 (9,2%) - hysterectomy; 13 (9,2%) patients were treated with nonstandard regimens, 7 (5%) underwent prophylactic chemotherapy. Absence of b-hCG follow-up after molar evacuation was detected in 31 (22%) cases. We estimated that the absence of b-hCG monitoring delayed PTD diagnostic by 2,5 months and increased risk of metastases, hysterectomy and multi agent chemotherapy in 2,5; 5 and 7,4 times resp. Repeat curettage delays PTD diagnostic by 6 weeks and increases risk of resistance in 2,5 times. Hysterectomy delays standard chemotherapy by 3 months and increases risk of metastatic disease in 3,2 times; the resistance occurs 3,5 times often. Nonstandard chemotherapy regimens delayed standard treatment by 13 months, the resistance was increased in 2,5 times; 70% of patients underwent multi-agent chemotherapy. Complete remission rate for low-risk PTD is 100% and for high-risk - 92%. Conclusions Absence of b-hCG follow-up, repeat curettage, prophylactic chemotherapy, hysterectomy and nonstandard chemotherapy regimens are negative clinical course and prognostic factors for PTD.


BACKGROUND
Hypothermia at admission to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in newborns. A baseline study at a tertiary care hospital with all out-born babies showed admission hypothermia of 82%.

OBJECTIVE
To reduce admission hypothermia (moderate) in newborns at least by 50% in next 6 months.

METHODS
A quality improvement (QI) study was planned using WHO Point of Care Quality Improvement Model (POCQI), [17] using PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle approach from April 2018 to March 2019, and including 427 term and preterm babies. We educated the staff, reinforced the use of caps, cling wraps, warm linen, introduced Ziploc bags and ensured adequate use of transport incubator.

RESULTS
After 6 months, overall admission hypothermia decreased from 82% to 45%, moderate hypothermia reduced from 46% to <10% (P <  0.001) and severe hypothermia (3%) was completely eliminated. There was also significant reduction in incidence of IVH (13% Vs 4.7%), LONS (38% Vs 19%) and metabolic acidosis (43% Vs 28%). We were able to sustain this improvement for the next 6 months and is ongoing. The strongest predictor of hypothermia was newborns being in the phase before QI initiative was started (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.47, 3.23).

CONCLUSION
This study is a cost effective approach in reducing admission hypothermia in NICU in a resource limited setting with all outborn babies, and further decreasing the morbidity associated with it. Hence, emphasizing the importance of maintaining euthermia, not only in delivery rooms, but also during transportation.


In a recent article I argued that the famous Cappadocian Fathers of the fourth century were by birth members of the eastern empire's municipal aristocracy, the so-called curial class. Libanius of Antioch, himself born of a curial family, indicates that this social class was characterized by three traditional values: civic patriotism, devotion to Greek paideia and a strong sense of the importance of family ties and tradition. The purpose of the present essay is to focus on the first and most important component of the threcfold "curial ideal" —that is, civic patriotism — and to investigate the extent to which this value of the social circles to which the Fathers belonged influenced their thought and action as clerics. Although Gregory of Nyssa, the youngest of the Cappadocian Fathers, was not at all immune to the influence of other curial values, our sources reveal little effect of civic patriotism upon his clerical activity. Therefore our study will concentrate on the older Cappadocians, Bishop Gregory the Elder of Nazianzus, his son Bishop Gregory of Nazianzus and Bishop Basil of Caesarea.


Coopetition is a strategy for a company to achieve a competitive advantage in the market environment. However, little is known about how coopetition works in the hotel sector and which organizational departments perform better in terms of coopetitive behaviour. In this research, coopetition is analysed in the context of international hotel marketing consortia (HMC) operating in Portugal. Exploratory interviews and a survey were conducted to consortia members to analyze managers' perceptions on coopetitive behaviour and the organizational departments engaged in coopetition. The results show that there is higher cooperation than competition in the marketing and research & investigation departments. The research findings support consortia managers to make an informed decision to augment or reduce coopetition inside and outside companies based on two dimensions: internal and external. Internally by enhancing cooperation and reducing competition behaviour according to relationships observed between members; externally, by formulating strategies for the future, thereby increasing the intensity of coopetition according to expansion goals. Finally, theoretical and managerial contributions are presented, followed by recommendations for further research.


Aims Rock strengths, such as tensile and shear strength, are one measure of its resistance to brittle failure. Another measure of rock resistance to brittle failure is the energy absorbed by the rock during fracture propagation. The critical energy absorbed is referred to as material toughness. A third measure of resistance to fracture is the stress intensity at the fracture tip that must be reached if the fracture is to propagate. The critical stress intensity is referred to as fracture toughness. Toughness is a basic concept in fracture mechanics that provides a physical framework for understanding many processes associated with rock fractures. The main aims of this chapter are to: Explain the concept of material toughness. Explain the concept of fracture toughness. Show how material and fracture toughness are related. Relate the concept of toughness to the initiation of a fracture. Introduce the concepts of process zone, fault core, and damage zone. Show how to calculate the toughness associated with extension fractures. Show how to calculate the toughness associated with faults. Toughness The toughness of a rock is a measure of its resistance to fracture. In other words, for a tough rock, large amounts of energy are needed to cause failure; much energy is absorbed by a tough rock as it fractures. This concept and the related concept of fracture toughness derive from materials science (Hull and Clyne, 1996; Chawla, 1998; Kobayashi, 2004) and fracture mechanics (Atkins and Mai, 1985; Broberg, 1999; Anderson, 2005).


Edge computing solutions that enable the extraction of high level information from a variety of sensors is in increasingly high demand. This is due to the increasing number of smart devices that require sensory processing for their application on the edge. To tackle this problem, we present a smart vision sensor System on Chip (Soc), featuring an event-based camera and a low power asynchronous spiking Convolutional Neuronal Network (sCNN) computing architecture embedded on a single chip. By combining both sensor and processing on a single die, we can lower unit production costs significantly. Moreover, the simple end-to-end nature of the SoC facilitates small stand-alone applications as well as functioning as an edge node in a larger systems. The event-driven nature of the vision sensor delivers high-speed signals in a sparse data stream. This is reflected in the processing pipeline, focuses on optimising highly sparse computation and minimising latency for 9 sCNN layers to $3.36\mu s$. Overall, this results in an extremely low-latency visual processing pipeline deployed on a small form factor with a low energy budget and sensor cost. We present the asynchronous architecture, the individual blocks, the sCNN processing principle and benchmark against other sCNN capable processors.


This paper presents design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor and record key operation indicators of a distribution transformer like load currents, transformer oil and ambient temperatures. The proposed on-line monitoring system integrates a global service mobile (GSM) Modem, with stand alone single chip microcontroller and sensor packages. It is installed at the distribution transformer site and the above mentioned parameters are recorded using the built-in S-channel analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded system. The acquired parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If there is any abnormality or an emergency situation the system sends SMS (short message service) messages to designated mobile telephones containing information about the abnormality according to some predefined instructions and policies that are stored on the embedded system EEPROM. Also, it sends SMS to a central database via the GSM modem for further processing. This mobile system will help the utilities to optimally utilize transformers and identify problems before any catastrophic failure.


The mechanisms of palygorskite and sepiolite alteration to smectite under mild hydrothermal conditions were investigated by solid-state 27Al and 29Si magic-angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Palygorskite altered to smectite in the presence of NaOH at 150°C. 27Al MAS-NMR spectroscopy showed that the Al coordination changed from chiefly octahedral in palygorskite to chiefly tetrahedral in the smectite product. 29Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy showed that the nearest neighbor environment of Si also changed when palygorskite altered to smectite. The XRD data showed that the synthetic smectite is trioctahedral in nature with tetrahedral charge. The TEM results revealed that the needle-like morphology of palygorskite was preserved in the product smectite. The MAS-NMR results in conjunction with the above XRD and TEM studies suggest that the mechanism of palygorskite alteration was a dissolution and recrystallization process rather than a solid-state reorganization to form 2:1 layer silicate units from the preexisting chain structure. Sepiolite altered to smectite in the presence of 2 N salt solutions at 300°C. The trioctahedral nature of the product smectite as detected by XRD and the foil-like morphology of product smectite as shown by TEM suggest that the mechanism of sepiolite transformation to smectite was also a dissolution and recrystallization process. The tetrahedral Al coordination detected by 27Al MAS-NMR in the smectite altered from sepiolite corroborated the XRD and TEM results.


Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique for the detection of small analytes with great potential for medical diagnostic applications. Its high sensitivity and excellent molecular specificity, which stems from the unique fingerprint of molecular species, have been applied toward the detection of different types of cancer. The noninvasive and rapid detection offered by SERS highlights its applicability for point-of-care (PoC) deployment for cancer diagnosis, screening, and staging, as well as for predicting tumor recurrence and treatment monitoring. This review provides an overview of the progress in label-free (direct) SERS-based chemical detection for cancer diagnosis with the main focus on the advances in the design and preparation of SERS substrates on the basis of metal nanoparticle structures formed via bottom-up strategies. It begins by introducing a synopsis of the working principles of SERS, including key chemometric approaches for spectroscopic data analysis. Then it introduces the advances of label-free sensing with SERS in cancer diagnosis using biofluids (blood, urine, saliva, sweat) and breath as the detection media. In the end, an outlook of the advances and challenges in cancer diagnosis via SERS is provided.


OBJECTIVE
Introduction: Chronic hyperglycemia as the main link in DM pathogenesis leads to systemic vessels and nerves lesion with chronic bone complications development consequently. The aim: To evaluate influence of hyperglycemia on reparative osteogenesis after perforated tibial fracture in rats.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: A total of 30 white adult rats were subdivided into two groups: 15 healthy rats in Group 1 (control) and 15 rats with alloxan induced hyperglycemia in Group 2 (investigated) and were carried out of experiment on the 10th, 20th and 30th day after the fracture. Hyperglycemia in rats was verificated as the postprandial glycemic rate ≥ 8,0 mmol/l. Tibia diaphysis fracture was modeled by a cylindrical defect with a diameter of 2 mm with portable frezer. Morphological evaluation. A complex morphological studies included histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical examination.

RESULTS
Results: This is confirmed by an increase in MMP-9 expression in connective tissue, a decrease in TGF-β expression in all phases, an increase in the expression of CD3 and CD20 and a marked decrease in the expression of all vascular markers. During hyperglycemia, incomplete blood supply to the tissues occurs, necrosis of bone and soft tissues develop in the area of the fracture, the reparative reaction slows down considerably and manifests itself in the development of fibrous and, less commonly, cartilage tissue.

CONCLUSION
Conclusions: In hyperglycemia rats, there was a delay in the callus formation, a decrease in proliferation and ossification, and a slowdown in the processes of angiogenesis.


We consider two interacting bosons in a dimerized Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) lattice. We identify a rich variety of two-body states. In particular, for open boundary conditions and moderate interactions, edge bound states (EBS) are present even for the dimerization that does not sustain single-particle edge states. Moreover, for large values of the interactions, we find a breaking of the standard bulk-boundary correspondence. Based on the mapping of two interacting particles in one dimension onto a single particle in two dimensions, we propose an experimentally realistic coupled optical fibers setup as quantum simulator of the two-body SSH model. This setup is able to highlight the localization properties of the states as well as the presence of a resonant scattering mechanism provided by a bound state that crosses the scattering continuum, revealing the closed-channel population in real time and real space.


The CDK inhibitor p27 plays a well-established role in cell cycle progression, regulating the G1-S phase transition. A growing body of evidence indicates a potential role for p27 as a mediator of tumor cell motility and invasiveness. The present data provides additional evidence for p27 as a mediator of cancer metastasis. These activities appear to require cytoplasmic mislocalization, and are independent of p279s action on CDKs and the cell cycle. p27 phosphorylation at T157 and T198 is mediated by the AGC kinases RSK, SGK, and AKT to promote cytoplasmic mislocalization and facilitate p27 binding to the RhoA cytoskeletal regulatory protein. p27-mediated inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling is associated with dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and increased cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of the PI3K effectors RSK, SGK, and mTOR all promote cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27, increased p27: RhoA binding, and all enhance directed cell migration as assayed by modified transwell assay. This increased tumor cell motility is dependent upon p27, as shRNA-mediated p27 knockdown reverts transwell invasion to parental levels. Overexpression of mTOR or these AGC kinases reduces cellular levels of RhoA-GTP and p-cofilin, both of which revert following shRNA p27 treatment. The increased p27: RhoA binding, decreased RhoA-GTP, and decreased p-cofilin correlate with dramatic loss of polymerized actin filaments as assayed by phalloidin staining, and all of these effects are rescued by shRNA p27. The in vivo relevance of these findings has been pursued in the highly metastatic human breast cancer sub-lines MDA-MB-231-1833 (bone-tropic) and MDA-MB-231-4175 (lung-tropic). Both highly metastatic variants demonstrate hyperactivation of the PI3K effectors SGK, RSK, and AKT relative to the parental MDA-MB-231 line and show markedly elevated p27 levels, with a shift in p27 protein localization to the cytoplasm, increased p27: RhoA binding, decreased p27-dependent levels of RhoA-GTP and p-cofilin, and increased p27-dependent invasiveness by modified transwell assay. The cell cycle profiles of MDA-MB-231-4175 and 1833 variants were unchanged by shRNA p27 supporting the notion that cytoskeletal effects of p27 in these lines are independent of cell cycle/Cdk regulatory activity. Of particular interest, the increase in lung tumor formation by MDA-MB-231-4175 following tail vein injection was strikingly reduced to near-parental levels after shRNA-mediated knockdown of p27. These results support a model whereby PI3K activation promotes p27 phosphorylation, mislocalization to the cytoplasm, enhanced RhoA binding and subsequent remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. This cascade of events may be a major route whereby oncogenic PI3K activation mediates tumor cell acquisition of the invasive potential necessary for overt metastasis in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5137.


Aims: To compare the clinical profile of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil (REM) + propofol (PRO) with fentanyl (FEN) bolus infusion with desflurane (DES) inhalation in direct laryngoscopic surgery. Methods: Sixty patients who were scheduled to undergo laryngoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30, respectively). One group of patients received a TCI of REM + PRO anesthetic treatment, while the patients in the other group received a bolus infusion of FEN and DES inhalation treatment. The hemodynamics, recovery profiles and unexpected events that occurred in both groups were recorded. Results: The hemodynamics of the patients in the TCI group was more stable during tracheal intubation, direct laryngoscope insertion and extubation. The mean arterial pressure was also significantly lower in the TCI group compared with the FEN/DES group. The TCI group also showed faster recovery profiles (e.g. a shorter time needed for response to verbal commands, autonomous breathing, tracheal extubation and orientation recovery). The FEN/DES group had lower Stewart recovery scores during the first 15 min determined at the postanesthesia care unit. However, there were no significant differences regarding the occurrence of unexpected events and postoperative complications between the two groups. Conclusions: TCI of REM + PRO anesthesia appears to be a reasonable alternative to FEN bolus infusion combined with DES inhalation during direct laryngoscopic surgery.


It has long been realized by historians that the formulation of the first and X second laws of thermodynamics in the 1840s and 1850s was a complex process (1). What has not been so fully recognized is that the subsequent application of these laws to physical problems was also a complex process. To the formulators of the laws and to contemporaries of their generation there was little problem in applying the laws to physical problems. For example, J. R. Mayer, A. J. Ångström, For.Mem.R.S., J. P.Joule, F. R. S. , G. G. Stokes, F. R. S. , H. Helmholtz, For.Mem.R.S., and W. Thomson, F. R. S. , all of whom were born in the decade following 1814 (2), either formulated the laws of thermodynamics and/or applied them. I have examined elsewhere how some of these scientists (Mayer, Helmholtz and Thomson) applied the first and second laws to refute various mechanisms that had been previously proposed to account for the production of solar energy (3). They replaced them with theories of gravitational attraction whereby the Sun turned dynamical energy into heat energy. I have also examined the application of thermodynamics to theories of the interaction of light and matter that were found not to conform with the principle of the conservation of energy as then understood; Stokes, for example, developed a theory of resonance to explain phenomena such as absorption and fluorescence (4).


This article presents algorithms for temporal parallelization of Bayesian smoothers. We define the elements and the operators to pose these problems as the solutions to all-prefix-sums operations for which efficient parallel scan-algorithms are available. We present the temporal parallelization of the general Bayesian filtering and smoothing equations, and specialize them to linear/Gaussian models. The advantage of the proposed algorithms is that they reduce the linear complexity of standard smoothing algorithms with respect to time to logarithmic.


A major cause of unemployment, distinct from inadequate aggregate demand and instability of workers, is the instability of jobs themselves. In an average year about one in every nine jobs disappear and one in every eight is newly created. This is based on an analysis of year to year employment changes among the private employers of Wisconsin between 1977 and 1982. This job loss may account for roughly 2.2 percentage points, or one quarter, of the average unemployment rate. As much as half of the transitions of workers from employment to non-employment may be accounted for by the destruction of jobs. Establishments appear to adjust their employment quickly, largely within one year. Employment growth rates one year apart are negatively correlated, and thereafter nearly follow a random walk. Establishments exhibit considerable heterogeneity in employment growth rates, with some positive cyclical variations, but little industry effect. Employment shifts across establishments within an industry are of far greater magnitude than shifts across industry lines.


Introduction :Breast cancer is a type of cancer with the highest percentage of new cases (Kemenkes RI, 2016). Secondary prevention with early detection behavior, is considered the most rational effort to reduce mortality from breast cancer (RI Ministry of Health, 2015). The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of knowledge about breast cancer with early detection of breast cancer in women of childbearing age in Oro-oro Ombo, Ngetos District, Nganjuk District.Method :The design of this research was analytic survey with cross sectional design. Simple random sampling technique. The population of all women of reproductive age (WUS) in Oro-oro Ombo Village is 889 and a sample of 89 women of childbearing age.Data collection tool uses a questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square. Results : The analysis showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge about breast cancer and the behavior of early detection of breast cancer as evidenced by the statistical significance of the chi square test (χ2) and the p value velocity = 0.001.Conclusions :WUS with good knowledge of breast cancer tend to be positive (good) towards early breast cancer detection behavior. Cases of breast cancer can be immediately known at an early stage with routine early detection, so that cancer deaths can be prevented.


'The metaphor of race is a dangerous weapon whether it is used for asserting white supremacy or for making demands on behalf of the disadvantaged groups...Treating caste as a form of race is politically mischievous; what is worse, it is scientifically nonsensical'. Andre Beteille (2004: 52)

'…what is in fact "scientifically nonsensical" is Professor Beteille's misunderstanding of "race". What is mischievous is his insistence that India's system of ascribed system of social inequality should be exempted from the provisions of a UN Convention whose sole purpose is the extension of human rights to include freedom from all forms of discrimination and intolerance – and to which India, along with most other nations, has committed itself" Gerald Berreman (cited in Thorat and Umakant 2004: xxv)

'The possibility that the current Indian Hindu-Muslim or upper versus lower-caste conflict may be, in a significant sense, a variant of a modern problem of "ethnicity" or "race" is seldom entertained…"racism" is thought of as something the white people do to us. What Indians do to one another are variously described as "communalism", "regionalism" and "casteism" but never "racism"'. Dipesh Chakrabarty (1994: 145)


Although female insects generally gain reproductive benefits from mating frequently, females do not mate unlimited numbers of times. This study asks whether the limit on female mating rate is imposed by trade-offs between reproduction and survival. Female Gryllus vocalis were given the opportunity to mate 5, 10, or 15 times with novel males, and the effects on daily fecundity (egg production), fertility (proportion of eggs that were fertilized), and female post-experimental longevity were measured. Females that mated 10 times laid more eggs and had a higher proportion of fertile eggs than females that mated 5 times. However, females that mated 15 times did not lay significantly more eggs or have a higher proportion of fertile eggs than females that mated 10 times. Although number of matings did not affect the date that females laid their last egg, mating more times was associated with a prolonged period of laying fertile eggs. Number of matings did not affect female post-experimental longevity. Thus, there was no trade-off between female reproductive effort and survival, even when females mated very large numbers of times. When females were allowed to mate ad libitum, the average number of times that females mated was greater than the number of times that confers maximal fitness. The lack of cost to mating explains why females might be willing to mate beyond the point of diminishing reproductive returns.


Target tracking for network surveillance systems has gained significant interest especially in sensitive areas such as homeland security, battlefield intelligence, and facility surveillance. Most of the current sensor network protocols do not address the need for tracking-based data propagation schemes, which is crucial for the longevity of the sensor network. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-aware tracking scheme in a clustered sensor network. This novel scheme: guard duty alarming technique (GDAT) is inspired by the traditional military security practice that is the "guard duty", where soldiers are alternatively assigned the duty of guarding a certain secured area. The new tracking algorithm embarks on self organizing sensor network. This phase takes place after the network has been deployed. The self-organizing technique follows a temporal competition clustering to organize the network. This paper presents simulated results comparing the performance of GDAT against the direct communication protocol (DC). It is shown that GDAT offers a significant improvement on the longevity of the network, where simulation results suggested that (70%) of DC energy consumption was saved following the GDAT scheduling.


Hanafiah DS, Safni I, Siregar LAM, Famanik RIM, Lestmi A, Matondang M. 2020. Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii. Biodiversitas 21: 4537-4542. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. is a soil-borne pathogen that causes stem rot disease on plants. The attack is one of the causes of low soybean productivity hence induction of plant resistance is needed to overcome these problems. Mutagenesis is one of the breeding techniques for inducing genetic variability especially for disease-resistant characters in soybean. This research aimed to obtain selected soybean plant lines (Glycine max L. Merr) of M6 generation based on resistant character against stem rot disease A. rolfsii. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Disease and research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia and soybean planting was carried out on agricultural field, Universitas Sumatera Utara from March to September 2018. This research used augmented design. The treatments were 8 mutant genotypes derived from radiation mutagenesis, that is; Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Kipas Putih varieties. The results showed that the analysis of resistant levels on M6 generation based on disease incidence resulted in 2 lines with resistant criteria to stem rot disease A. rolfsii, that is; M100A25 (5/3) and M200A11 (32/3). Observation of intensity of disease attacks showed that Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, M100A6 (31/1), and M200A12 (6/5) had the lowest resistance level compared to other genotypes. The mutant lines that had high category level of resistance are candidates for resistance lines against stem rot disease A. rolfsii.


CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts

Abstract #1136

Backgroud : Three years ago, we reported the interim results regarding heath-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of the patients who switched their adjuvant endocrine therapy from several years of tamoxifen (TAM) to anastrozole (ANA) and those who had TAM for a total of 5 years in the randomized trial, National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer (NSAS BC) 03. We present the final results of HRQOL and psychological distress in the NSAS BC 03. Patients and Methods : Recurrence-free postmenopausal breast cancer patients who had received definitive surgery for hormone receptor positive breast cancer, and had been taking TAM for 1 to 4 years after the surgery were enrolled in the randomized trial: N-SAS BC 03. They were randomly assigned to continue TAM for the remaining periods of a total of 5 years or to switch from TAM to ANA and take the latter for the remaining periods. Primary endpoints of the N-SAS BC 03 trial were disease-free survival and adverse events. HRQOL and psychological distress were evaluated as secondary endpoints. They were asked to answer patient-administered instruments to assess HRQOL (FACT-B [breast cancer scale] and FACT-ES [endocrine symptom scale]) and psychological distress (CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) at the randomization (baseline), 3 months, 1 and 2 years after the randomization. HRQOL and psychological distress scores during this period were compared using t-test and the general linear model with correlated errors. Results : There was no difference in demographic and medical characteristics between the two treatment groups. The response rates of the questionnaires were 98.6%, 97.2%, 90.9% and 78.5% at baseline, 3 months, 1 and 2 years after the randomization, respectively. At baseline 694 patients (346 in the TAM group and 348 in the ANA group) answered them. The total scores of FACT-G, and FACT-ES and the scores of FACT-G physical well-being (PWB) subscale were statistically significantly better in the TAM group than in the ANA group ( P = 0.042, 0.038, and 0.005, respectively) after the randomization, while those of FACT-B in the former were marginally better than those in the latter ( P = 0.066). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two treatment groups for the scores of CES-D, and subscales other than PWB of FACT-G, FACT-B, and FACT-ES. Conclusions : Further TAM treatment after adjuvant TAM for 1 to 4 years may provide postmenopausal breast cancer patients with slightly better HRQOL comparing with switching to ANA.

Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1136.


Herein, we have demonstrated the control over the structure of precatalysts to tune the properties of the active catalysts and their water oxidation activity. The reaction of K3[Fe(CN)6] and Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] with Co(OH)2@CC produced precatalysts PC-1 and PC-2, respectively, with distinct structural and electronic features. The replacement of the -CN group with strong π-acceptor -NO modulates the electronic and atomic structure of PC-2. As a result, a facile electrochemical transformation of PC-2 into active catalyst Fe-Co(OH)2-Co(O)OH (AC-2) has been attained only in 15 CV cycles while 600 CV cycles are required for the electrochemical activation of PC-1 into AC-1. The X-ray absorption studies reveal the contraction of the Co-O and Fe-O bond in AC-2 because of the presence of a higher amount of Co3+ and Fe3+ than in AC-1. The high valent Co3+ and Fe3+ modulates the electronic properties of AC-2 and assists in the O-O bond formation, leading to the improved water oxidation activity.


Introduction and objectives Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a life-threatening complication in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. An increase in the association of gastrointestinal symptoms and the presence of PIMS has been observed. The objective of this study was to analyze whether pediatric patients with COVID-19, who debut with gastrointestinal symptoms, have a higher risk of developing PIMS. Material and methods An observational, analytical and retrolective study was carried out with a review of the records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were recorded. Results A total of 248 patients who met the selection criteria were included. Of Those 40% were female, with a mean age of 7 +/- 5.8 years. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the initial presentation in 103 patients, with vomiting being the most frequent symptom, followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea. In total 52 patients developed PIMS, 30 of whom presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. A RR of 1.57 (97% CI of 1.17–2.11) was found for the presentation of PIMS in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 who present with gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions There is an increased risk of developing pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome when there are gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric patients with COVID-19.


Abstract Objective: Determining the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and examining dietary and other contributing factors, namely hypertension, overweight and obesity, as well as abnormal blood lipid levels in women aged 18-90 years. Design: Cross-sectional baseline survey study. Setting: Peri-urban Vaal region. Subjects: Seven hundred and twenty-two randomly selected black women in four purposively selected settlements in the Vaal region. Outcome measures: Measurements included dietary intake (24-hour recall), anthropometric (weight and height), and blood pressure and biochemical indices (lipid profile) with venous blood samples. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, t-tests and regression analyses. Results: A large percentage (34.3%) of the women (aged 18-90 years old) was dyslipidaemic. The majority of women in the nondyslipidaemic group were overweight (52.6%). 86.2% of the women in the dyslipidaemic group were obese. The total fat intake was 20% of total energy intake in both groups. No significant differences were observed between the dietary fat intake variables between the groups. Body mass index (BMI) (ß = 0.554, p-value = 0.000), age (ß = 0.419, p-value = 0.000), education (ß = 0.250, p-value = 0.000), total energy intake (ß = 0.105, p-value = 0.006) and total fat intake (ß = 0.092, p-value = 0.018) were predictors of dyslipidaemia in these women. Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia was prevalent. High triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were the most frequent abnormalities. Although positive associations existed between the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and the known risk factors of cardiovascular disease, such as ageing, hypertension, obesity and an abnormal lipid profile; BMI, age and education were the main predictors of dyslipidaemia.


ABSTRACT Skinks (Family Scincidae) are the most diverse family of lizards (~1745 described species worldwide), and the Australasian region (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand) is a recognised global hotspot (>600 species) for skinks. Here we focus on determining the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the tribe Eugongylini, one of three lineages in the region. We used mtDNA (ND2) and nuclear (RAG-1, c-mos) DNA sequences and phylogenetic analyses to reveal the presence of three well-supported lineages of Australian Eugongylini. We found a sister relationship between the monotypic genera Eroticoscincus and Harrisoniascincus, and that the monotypic Anepischetosia has close affinities with Carinascincus coventryi and Pseudemoia. C. coventryi represents a separate lineage from the main Carinascincus radiation. Emoia was not found to be monophyletic, with Emoia s.s. part of an Australian lineage, and the remainder of the genus representing an older divergence within the tribe. The widespread and speciose Cryptoblepharus represented a well-supported lineage within an Australian lineage. Our analyses confirm previous suggestions that four Sphenomorphus species (louisiadensis, minutus, bignelli, and aignanus) are misplaced, and are part of the Eugongylini. Our phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that the origin of the tribe lies in Asia, with dispersal events to Africa, Australasia, and Oceania.


Purpose of the study. To improve the quality of prostate transurethral resection by means of intraoperative ultrasound monitoring of the removed tissue volume.Patients and methods. The study included 92 patients who, according to indications, underwent prostate transurethral resection. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included patients (n = 50) operated on using the method of monitoring the removed tissue volume, proposed in the study. The average age of patients in this group was 67.4 ± 3.88 years, the average prostate volume before surgery was 59.5 ± 4.5 cm3 with a range of values from 42 cm3 to 94 cm3. The 2nd group (n = 42) included patients operated on according to the classical method of prostate transurethral resection. The average age of patients in this group was 68.1 ± 2.9 years, the average prostate volume before surgery was 53.5 ± 4.5 cm3. Results. The average prostate volume atier surgery in patients of the 1st group was 23.2 ± 1.8 cm3. Thus, the average volume of the removed tissue was 63.2% of the prostate gland initial volume. The average prostate volume atier surgery in patients of the 2nd group was 25.6 ± 1.9 cm3 (p < 0.05). The average volume of the removed tissue was 52.1% of the prostate gland initial volume. The number of complications is comparable in groups of patients. When using the removed tissue control during surgery, it was possible to increase the resection radicality, which is refl ected by a smaller average residual volume of the prostate gland (by 9.4%) atier surgery.Conclusion. The use of ultrasonic control of the prostate adenoma removed tissue volume during prostate transurethral resection does not increase the risks of possible postoperative complications, wherein increases radicality of the performed operation.


Summary Despite high revision rates, the mean two year migration of the ASR TM cup is within an acceptable threshold. Slightly higher migration rates found for the M2a- Magnum™ Porous Coated Acetabular Component but longer follow up is needed to establish if this implant is at risk. Introduction RSA can detect the migration of an implant, and continuous migration is a predictor for failure (1). The ASR TM resurfacing implant was withdrawn from the marked due to excessive failure rate but showed initial femoral component stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial implant stability for the ASR cup as a possible explanation for the high revision rate, and to compare it to another metal on metal (MoM) cup. Patients and Methods 36 patients with primary osteoarthritis from a RCT received either an ASR TM (n=19) or an M2a-Magnum Cup TM (n=17) without markers. Ten 0.8mm tantalum markers were injected in the periacetabular bone. Using a UmRSA® 43Calibration Cage™ (RSA Biomedical, Sweden), supine RSA images were obtained within 3 days of surgery, at 8 w, 6 m, 1 and 2 years. A model based RSA system using an EGS Hemi-sphere model (Medis specials, Leiden) calculated migration. For the 2 year analysis 16 and 15 sets of images were available. ANOVA with repeated measurements analysed movement over time for each type of implant as well as difference between implants. Results Mean translations in the medial –lateral (X), proximal-distal (Y) and anterior-posterior (Z) direction are depicted. Initial movement was noted, especially for the M2a-Magnum cup, where the 2 year mean (sd) X translation was −0.307 (0.53)mm (p = 0.01), Y translation was 0.282 (0.36)mm (p Discussion/Conclusion The early migration of both cups were low. The ASR implant is slightly higher than a competing implant with better survival rates on the Z axis, but low at particularly the Y axis, where the mean 0.075 mm is well below the limit of 0.2mm recently suggested as an acceptable threshold. The M2a-Magnum cup has migration rates just above that, but longer clinical follow up is needed to establish if this cup has greater risk of revision. We will continue to monitor our patients to establish if the individual patient with excess migration is at risk. Continuous migration is not likely to explain failure of neither the cup nor the femoral side of the ASR hip.


The antimicrobial capacity of the methanolic extracts of Ephedra sarcocarpa growing in Iran is screened against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The extract inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria, being Pseudomonas aeroginosa the most susceptible one with MIC of 16 μg/mL for the extract. The antioxidant activities are evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. FRAP values 2.1 mmol eq quercetin/g extracts and IC50values in the DPPH assay 4.6 mg/mL. This plant had shown the high antioxidant activities. FRAP and DPPH assay results were shown good correlations with the total phenolic contents of the plants, measured by the Folin-ciocalteau assay: (r2 = 0.920 and 0.893, respectively, p < 0.0001).

 Key words: Antioxidant(s), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenol, antimicrobial.


To the Editor.— "Anti-basal-cell antibody" is an improvement on the "antibasal cell antibody" that Dr Edward Shmunes says he originally wrote ( Arch Dermatol 114:125, 1978), and it is far better than "antibasal cell antibody," to which the term was changed by the manuscript editor. Neither Dr Shmunes's version nor Dr Spatz's, however, is ideal: both are a little ambiguous. What is needed is to attach "anti" to "basal-cell," not just to "basal." This can be done, not by using a hyphen, but by using the slightly longer (and unhappily, largely forgotten) en dash. The result looks like this: anti-basal-cell antibody. And any reader can see that it means an antibody against basal cells. The en dash is also needed, and almost never used, to connect a two-word expression with another of either one or two words, eg, periodic acid-Schiff, which is a mysterious expression—especially if the first word (pair·eye·o·dic)


Cases of severe acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning are sporadically described in Spain. We report the cases of three patients that inhaled toxic vapour of carbon tetrachloride that they used as a solvent during their working activity. They developed hepatic disfunction and one of them acute renal failure. The interval between the labour exposure and the medical care was higher than 24 hours. All the patients received N-acetylcysteine treatment (300 mg/kg) and oxygen. The patient ith renal failure recurred hemodialysis. The basic aspects of diagnosis and treatment are commented.


In 1981, the Québec government passed a law providing "precautionary leave" or reassignment to other jobs for pregnant workers exposed to a risk for their health or that of their fetus. This measure was much more popular than expected, with about 30% of pregnant workers taking leave in 1987. Uncertainty about what constitutes a risk for pregnancy, conflicts between views of pregnancy as a social or private act, and differing ideas on employers' responsibility for protection of pregnant workers have combined with worries about cost to stimulate debate on this law. Since 1986, there has been pressure on the government to restrict access to precautionary leave. This article describes research designed to answer some of the questions raised during the debate. Data banks of the Health and Safety Commission and responses of 2500 women workers were examined to characterize the jobs of women who did and those who did not take leave. Leave was usually taken by those who worked in sectors traditionally associated with risks, and women who applied for precautionary leave more often reported their working conditions to be difficult. Women taking leave accorded more importance to their maternal and domestic roles, but equal value to their roles in the workplace. The article concludes that the popularity of the measure is not due to laziness or lack of responsibility on the part of women workers, but to poor conditions in women's traditional jobs. It is suggested that more emphasis be placed on improving conditions rather than on early leave from work.


All current commercial test systems are limited to data and clock rates of less than 200 MHz. However, many devices being built today operate at data rates greater than 1 GHz (1000 MHz). The inability to make high-speed tests stems from the many problems of measuring a device's high-speed input and output waveforms electrically. The electrical measurement methods used in the current test systems can no longer meet time accuracy and waveform fidelity requirements and are unlikely to do so in the foreseeable future. The problems associated with high-speed measurement include high pin capacitance, long device pin to receiver distances, limited receiver bandwidths, and situating numerous complex electronic assemblies within a small radius of the device. Many of these difficulties can be substantially reduced or eliminated using an electro-optic means of sensing the high-speed test waveforms. The advantages of extracting high-speed device voltage information using electro-optic techniques include non-invasiveness (low capacitance) and very high bandwidth (greater than 10 GHz). Current work in this field is reviewed showing that although electro-optic test techniques have been demonstrated to work well into the hundreds of gigahertz, the techniques are not as yet suitable for the production testing of high-speed integrated circuits.


This paper presents a simulation of the dynamic voltage stability in power system. In application of modern power system, dynamic assessment of voltage stability is known as basic concept. In order to study dynamic voltage stability in a power system, different dynamic boundaries are defined such as, Hopf bifurcation (HB) boundary. HB point is an oscillatory boundary in power system. For recognition of the bifurcations, it is unavoidable to study the eigenvalues of power system. In spite of this, determination of these eigenvalues need to dynamic Jacobian matrix of power system and modal analysis that is very time consuming and complex in large systems. Also, different industrial loads (static and dynamic) e.g. induction motors can effect on dynamic voltage stability boundaries. In this paper, we proposed a solution method based on analysis the eigenvalues of reduced Jacobian matrix and time domain simulation for assessment of dynamic voltage stability. In addition, effects of industrial electrical loads on the small disturbance voltage stability are evaluated by the proposed method. To show the effectiveness of the proposed solution method, it is tested on IEEE 14 bus and New England test systems.


Members of Calamyzinae, a clade of free-living and ectoparasitic chrysopetalids, are mainly associated with deep-sea chemosynthetic environments. The three currently known free-living calamyzin species are placed in Vigtorniella. A new free-living calamyzin species similar to these is described here. Phylogenetic analyses of Calamyzinae using mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA) and nuclear (Histone H3 and 18S rDNA) loci showed that Vigtorniella and the new species form a grade with respect to an ectoparasitic clade, requiring two new genera to be erected. All free-living calamyzins show a similar anterior end and chaetal morphology. Micospina auribohnorum gen. et sp. nov. is described for the small-bodied new species from deep-sea whale falls off California and methane seeps off Costa Rica. The maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses show Micospina gen. nov. as sister to the ectoparasitic clade. Boudemos gen. nov. is named for the clade of two larger-bodied species: Boudemos flokati gen. et comb. nov. and Boudemos ardabilia gen. et comb. nov., which is sister group to all other Calamyzinae. Vigtorniella is retained for the type species, Vigtorniella zaikai (Kiseleva, 1992), with the adults found amongst bacterial mats at the boundary of the hydrogen sulphide zone in the Black Sea. Micospina gen. nov., Boudemos gen. nov., and Vigtorniella form a grade of free-living taxa that is associated with feeding on organic-enriched sediments, and the latter two taxa display ontogenetic jaw change. Jaws are absent in Micospina auribohnorum gen. et sp. nov. and most of the calamyzin clade of parasitic forms.


Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat human epidermal growth receptor 2 positive (HER2+) breast cancers either by itself or in combination with other chemotherapy medication. Marketing authorization was granted for a subcutaneous form of the antibody in 2014. In this case report, we discuss our experience with a patient who took part in a therapeutic education program on self-administration of trastuzumab. We demonstrate that these types of self-administered injections are not only possible but also are toxicity-free. Based on the tolerance data and our patient's experience, we propose that the current regulations be relaxed regarding the availability of trastuzumab subcutaneous form in order to develop a cheaper "city scheme," i.e. self-administered injections.