Background: We developed a new model of hypertension care for non-Hispanic black men that links health promotion by barbers to medication management by American Society of Hypertension–certified pharmacists and demonstrated efficacy in a 6-month cluster-randomized trial. The marked reduction in systolic blood pressure (BP) seen at 6 months warranted continuing the trial through 12 months to test sustainability, a necessary precondition for implementation research. Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 319 black male patrons with systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg at baseline. Fifty-two Los Angeles County barbershops were assigned to either a pharmacist-led intervention or an active control group. In the intervention group, barbers promoted follow-up with pharmacists who prescribed BP medication under a collaborative practice agreement with patrons' primary care providers. In the control group, barbers promoted follow-up with primary care providers and lifestyle modification. After BP assessment at 6 months, the intervention continued with fewer in-person pharmacist visits to test whether the intervention effect could be sustained safely for 1 year while reducing pharmacist travel time. Final BP and safety outcomes were assessed in both groups at 12 months. Results: At baseline, mean systolic BP was 152.4 mm Hg in the intervention group and 154.6 mm Hg in the control group. At 12 months, mean systolic BP fell by 28.6 mm Hg (to 123.8 mm Hg) in the intervention group and by 7.2 mm Hg (to 147.4 mm Hg) in the control group. The mean reduction was 20.8 mm Hg greater in the intervention (95% CI, 13.9–27.7; P<0.0001). A BP <130/80 mm Hg was achieved by 68.0% of the intervention group versus 11.0% of the control group (P<0.02). These new 12-month efficacy data are statistically indistinguishable from our previously reported 6-month data. No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in either group over 12 months. Cohort retention at 12 months was 90% in both groups. Conclusions: Among black male barbershop patrons with uncontrolled hypertension, health promotion by barbers resulted in large and sustained BP reduction over 12 months when coupled with medication management by American Society of Hypertension–certified pharmacists. Broad-scale implementation research is both justified and warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT 02321618.


Objective. To evaluate the rate and causes of preterm (before 37 weeks gestation) and very preterm (before 32 weeks gestation) delivery among a population of Inuit living in Canada. Study design. Three-year retrospective cross-sectional review of charts for patients delivering in the Baffin Region of Canada. Results. There were 938 births over the study period; 95% to Inuit women. Inuit women had a preterm delivery rate of 18.2% and a very preterm delivery rate of 2.4%, more than twice the Canadian national average. Sociodemographic risk factors for preterm delivery including substance use, young age, single marital status, and poor nutrition, occurred more frequently among Inuit women compared to non-Inuit women, but were not independently associated with prematurity. Known medical and obstetrical risk factors were associated with preterm delivery among Inuit women; history of prior preterm delivery, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, poor weight gain and vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks gestation. Hospitalization rates and infant mortality were higher among preterm infants. The most common indication for hospitalization was respiratory infection (51.1%) followed by other infection (15.8%). Conclusion. Inuit women had preterm and very preterm delivery rates more than twice the Canadian national average. Preterm delivery was associated with several medical risk factors and resulted in significant increases in infant hospitalization and mortality.


The differences between of religion and belief in a particular community is usually will show a conflict between followers of religions. It has become a fact of history that can not be ignored. whereas, if it is returned on the purpose of religion itself, of course, conflict, hostility, war is something contradictory. All of  true religion have aimed to creat the objectives of the human being. Such as, through the realization of harmony in social life. Religion suggests the importance of building a good attitude in the society besides spiritual rites. It was a union of  two aspects  relations between vertical and horizontal. Rural Prototype communities in the region which have three religions and places of worship side by side in Balun Village Turi subdistric Lamongan district. Balun one of the village have multicultur and plural in the society over the years never happened conflicts religious. Because of it, the researcher suppose to searh how is the social construction of the religious, in the harmony and how  is the process of establishing the values of harmony, religious rites and cultural activities that involve people of the different religions.            Phenomenological etnography  approach in this research through the data sources that are grouping refers to the  stratification. Social startifikasi in used in this research according to Pitrim A.Sorokin and Max Weber theories were the  strata of society devided into some group based on the standard such as; respectable, power and authority,  knowledge and income . then From this theory the  researcher devided the society  into four group. The first are the figures of Islamic religious, Christian, Hindu. Second the committee of mosgue, Church and Temple Board, third  local goverment staff, educators, teachers in all religius. The fourth  regular community; farmers , factory workers. Based on analyzed of phenomenological ethnography, the researchers found the result of the study, these are the social construction of the religious community,  harmony and the establishment of the values in the  harmony guided by the respectable each others in ideology, respectable to the hereditary tradition, expressing happiness had shown when other communities in religious rituals celebration, gave awards to other religious communities as well as a sense of togetherness reflected in any religious activities and social activities in Balun village. The Harmony  foundation  in the application as "sacrifices" of religion for the sake of harmony by the local wisdom communities.


"We have certain economic conditions, becoming a powerful economic force, and out of dire necessity arose the Oregon Mint. It accomplished its purpose by stabilizing gold and forcing merchants to offer a standard price for the metal. Although only about three per cent of the gold in the Territory passed through the mint, yet by establishing a price of $16 an ounce, it held that price over the Territory and thus regulated the market to that extent."


The Upper Kimmeridgian Members "Calcaires blancs superieurs" and the "Marnes a exogyres superieures" of the southeastern Paris basin were investigated for their palynofacies and calcareous nannofossils. These members display alternating limestone marl lithotypes and represent shallow marine paleoenvironments. The lower carbonate member is interpreted as a proximal palaeoenvironment (palaeobathymetry = 5 to 10m), where storm and swell deposits were prevalent and the salinity was occasionally weak. The relative richness of brown phytoclasts in this part is favoured by good preservation related to restricted conditions. These conditions would explain the dominance of the nannofossil Cyclagelosphaera margeretti in the nannofossil assemblages. The palynological data as those of the nannofossil assemblages show variations in the shift from carbonate member to marly member. The dominance of brown phytoclast over black phytoclast, the presence of amorphous organic matter (AOM), and the highest abundance and diversity observed within the nannofossil assemblages suggest that the maximum of distality occurred during this transition, at the basal part of the Marnes a Exogyres superieures. The upper part of the section (marly member) characterized by storm deposits an storm coquina beds is deeper (palaeobathymetry probably between 10 and 40 m depth) than the lower part. Oxidizing depositional conditions prevailed and explained the abundance of black particles found in this opper part., while proximate cysts and elevated non-placolith coccolith abundances indicate that relationships with the open sea were probably more significant compared to the lower part. Towards the top of the section, recurrences of restricted conditions are reflected by relatively elevated amounts of AOM and the abundance peak of the nonnofossil Biscutum ellipticum. This study shows that micropalaeontological signals can be well recorded in vast lagunal domains. We speculate that salinity , nutrient supply, and oxygenation of the waters control microfossil associations. In shallow environments, these parameters are particularly fluctuating, especially when freshwater dilutes marine waters in surface, on the occasion of rainy periods or of intense arrival of continental waters.


Approximate analytical solutions for the light scattering in a plan parallel geometry, where each scattering behaves according to a Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function, are presented and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Analyzing each nth order scattered flux, the obtained angular spreading is very well described also by a HG phase function. However, the total scattered flux deviates from the HG type dependence revealing the limits of the approximations.


Elderly people are more likely to be affected by hyponatremia related to the use of specific inhibitors of serotonin recaptation. Doctors who treat old patients should be aware of this adverse effect which can be serious but is reversible. The observation of a new case of SIADH induced by fluoxetine in a 65 years-old patient is the opportunity to point out the main aspects of this pathological entity which must be suspected in case with hyponatraemia, blood hypoosmolality and high urinary osmolarity.


Abstract Pulmonary spread from carcinoma of the uterine cervix, though uncommon, has been reported in 2.2–9.1% of all cervical cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical, clinical, pathological factors and clinical outcomes of cervical cancer patients with pulmonary recurrence (PR). This study included 17 cervical cancer patients with PR after radical hysterectomy. The entire cohort consisted of 413 patients whose surgeries (type III radical hysterectomy + pelvic ± para-aortic lymphadenectomy) had been performed in our Gynaecologic Oncology Clinic between 1993 and 2018. Tumour size, lymph node metastasis and receiving adjuvant therapy were found to be effective for PR on univariate analyses in the main cohort (p = .042, p < .001 and p = .001, respectively). Therefore, performing adjuvant therapy to reduce the PR must be assessed properly with the information of lymph node status and tumour size obtained from the final pathology reports. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Pulmonary spread from carcinoma of the uterine cervix has been reported in 2.2–9.1% of all cervical cancers. Data related to clinico-pathological features of patients with pulmonary recurrence (PR) is limited. Diagnosis of a PR is considered to worsen the prognosis. What do the results of this study add? Tumour size, lymph node metastasis and receiving adjuvant therapy were found to be effective for PR on univariate analyses. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Performing adjuvant therapy to reduce the PR must be assessed properly with the information of lymph node status and tumour size obtained from the final pathology reports in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma.


The importance of the HSO(2) system in atmospheric and combustion chemistry has motivated several works dedicated to the study of associated structures and chemical reactions. Nevertheless controversy still exists in connection with the reaction SH + O(2)→ H + SO(2) and also related to the role of the HSOO isomers in the potential energy surface (PES). Here we report high-level ab initio calculation for the electronic ground state of the HSO(2) system. Energetic, geometric, and frequency properties for the major stationary states of the PES are reported at the same level of calculations: CASPT2/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z. This study introduces three new stationary points (two saddle points and one minimum). These structures allow the connection of the skewed HSOO(s) and the HSO(2) minima defining new reaction paths for SH + O(2) → H + SO(2) and SH + O(2) → OH + SO. In addition, the location of the HSOO isomers in the reaction pathways have been clarified.


In the design and implementation of computer networks one must be concerned with their overall performance and the efficiency of the communication mechanisms chosen. Performance is a major issue in the architecture, implementation, and installation of a computer communication network. The architectural design always involves many cost/performance tradeoffs. Once implemented, one must verify the performance of the network and locate bottlenecks in the structure. Configuration and installation of a network involves the selection of a topology and communication components, channels and nodes of appropriate capacity, satisfying performance requirements.
 This panel will focus on performance issues involved in the efficient design, implementation, and installation of globally distributed computer communication networks. Discussions will include cost/performance tradeoffs of alternative network architecture structures, methods used to measure and isolate implementation performance problems, and configuration tools to select network components of proper capacity. The panel members have all been involved in one or more performance issues related to the architecture, implementation, and/or configuration of the major networks they represent. They will describe their experiences relating to performance issues in these areas. Methodologies and examples will be chosen from these networks in current use. There will be time at the end of the session for questions to the panel.


The effect of operational and geometrical parameters on the short-cut flow in cyclone separators has been investigated computationally using the Reynolds stress model (RSM). The motion of solid particles in the flow field was simulated using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with one way discrete phase method (DPM). Eleven cyclones with different cone tip diameters, vortex finder lengths and diameters were studied and the simulation results were analyzed in terms of velocity fields, pressure drops, cut-off diameters and short-cut flows. The numerical simulation was verified with the published experimental results. The results obtained demonstrate that all three parameters, particularly, vortex finder diameter, have significant effects on the cut-off diameter (collection efficiency), the short-cut flow and the pressure drop.


Despite of their general interests in studying abroad, there are two types of dental student in Japan. They are those who decide to go studying abroad and those who do not. The aim of this study was to clarify the factors related to the attitudes toward studying abroad among preclinical/clinical undergraduate dental students who attended three dental schools in Japan. A questionnaire was used to assess undergraduate dental students' attitudes toward studying abroad. We analyzed the differences between junior (preclinical) students and senior (clinical) students on concerns, and relationships between personality traits based on the Big Five and experiences related to studying abroad. Four hundred and thirty‐nine undergraduate students completed the questionnaire. The senior dental students were more worried, more than the junior students, about "lack of language ability in daily life," "higher quality facilities and environment," and valued "dental/medical knowledges and skills" and "advantage for getting a job" through studying abroad. Both junior and senior students with experience of/plans for studying abroad reported significantly higher levels of openness to experience than those without such experiences or plans. The less‐open group was more concerned with "lack of language ability in daily life/academic fields," "higher quality facilities and environment," "life in a foreign country," "interpersonal relationships in foreign countries," and "no friends in foreign countries" than the open‐group. Although the preclinical and clinical dental students at the three dental schools in Japan had different views of concern for studying abroad, "openness to experience" might be a common key factor related to their studying abroad. However, apart from any personality factor, alleviating students' concerns regarding daily life adjustments might be effective in promoting a willingness to go studying abroad.


In the "Best of Branding", branding pioneer Jim Gregory publishes - for the first time ever - findings from his revolutionary Corporate Branding Index[registered]. This index, which for more than a decade has compiled branding results from more than 1,000 companies, is today's most influential and exhaustive database on what works, what doesn't, and why. In-depth interviews with the executives responsible for today's most dominant brands discuss best and worst strategies for building a durable brand. Companies profiled include AFLAC, Harley-Davidson, Johnson & Johnson, General Electric, Southwest Airlines, and more.


In this paper examines how the role of KH. Abdullah Zawawi Izhom in the distribution of Islam in Palembang. The study in this paper discussed  the  history of KH Abdullah Zawawi Izhom's role in the distribution of Islam in Palembang, from 1930 until 2013. Many others are studying about the great scholars and well known in the public, on the other hand if in further study the role of KH. Abdullah Zawawi Izhom in accessing Islam is also quite significant, and so far there has been no research that discussed about his role in the spread of Islam in Palembang.Researchers are very important to examine how the role of KH. Abdullah Zawawi Izhom in the spread of Islam in Palembang, because there are several reasons that make this research is interesting. The first is about KH figure. Abdullah Zawawi Izhom as a local cleric who is very active in spreading Islam in Palembang and so far there is no significant discussion about him. Second, is how the history of his struggle in introducing an era in various islam. Based on the argument, the big question in this research is how the role of KH. Abdullah Zawawi Izhom in the distributing of Islam in Palembang. In order to process the data obtained from the optimal results, in this study using role theory. In this study the authors use the historical method that aims to collect, evaluate and reveal facts to enforce facts and strong evidence. The findings of this study is K. H Abdullah Zawawi Izhom, one of the important figures in the spread of Islam in the city of Palembang with various evidence, such as relics of mosques and majlis ta'lim who is still active nowadays. Then in the form of dakwah that he did, he was directed to the informal targets, such as inter-mosque da'wah, musholla, or ta'lim assembly. He also bought more Muslims to the impelementation in daily life. Then to further disseminate the science he had, he printed some students to spread around Palembang to keep in distributing Islam


This study aims at investigating the extent to which the aesthetic effect (AE) in Gibran's The Prophet has been maintained among Arab recipients in four translations of this masterpiece, namely Okasha (2000), Nuaimy (2013), Al-ābid (2017), and Antonius (2017). To this end, the source text (ST) AE laden segments and their target text (TT) counterparts are compared in terms of lexical selection, sentence structure, and metaphors employed. Data of the study comprised typical illustrative examples randomly selected for analysis according to Yan Fu's (2012, cited in Zhang 2013) triple translation criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance in combination with Nida's (1964) functional equivalence. Findings of the study revealed that the selected translations exhibit different levels of adequacy in terms of expressing the AE in the TT. Specifically, Okasha's translation seems more creatively adequate in producing in the TT the approximate AE of the ST, whereas the other translations are sometimes less adequate or even inadequate in this respect.


Laser poration of the skin locally removes its outermost, barrier layer, and thereby provides a route for the diffusion of topically applied drugs. Ideally, no thermal damage would surround the pores created in the skin, as tissue coagulation would be expected to limit drug diffusion. Here, a femtosecond pulsed fiber laser is used to porate mammalian skin ex vivo. This first application of a hollow core negative curvature fiber (HC‐NCF) to convey a femtosecond pulsed, visible laser beam results in reproducible skin poration. The effect of applying ink to the skin surface, prior to ultra‐short pulsed ablation, has been examined and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the least, collateral thermal damage occurs in inked skin. Pre‐application of ink reduces the laser power threshold for poration, an effect attributed to the initiation of plasma formation by thermionic electron emission from the dye in the ink. Poration under these conditions significantly increases the percutaneous permeation of caffeine in vitro. Dye‐enhanced, plasma‐mediated ablation of the skin is therefore a potentially advantageous approach to enhance topical/transdermal drug absorption. The combination of a fiber laser and a HC‐NCF, capable of emitting and delivering femtosecond pulsed, visible light, may permit a compact poration device to be developed. Using a femtosecond pulsed, visible laser beam to create an array of micropores in dyed mammalian skin, with little collateral, thermal damage, leads to an enhancement in the percutaneous permeation of caffeine in vitro.


We reported a case of a 24-year-old man who had frequent sleep attacks beginning 4 years after a head trauma. He showed frequent episodes of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy which were triggered by emotional excitement. He also complained of sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination. An overnight polysomnography revealed the sleep onset REM stage as typically observed in narcoleptic patients. The HLA typing was negative for DR2 and DQw1. He was diagnosed as having HLA-DR2 and DQw1 negative-post-traumatic narcolepsy. Peroral pemoline suppressed excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination with dramatic relief of cataplectic attacks by the addition of imipramine. It has been reported that more than 90% of narcoleptic patients are HLA-DR2 and-DQw1 positive. About 10% of the narcolepsy patients were regarded as symptomatic due to brain tumors, cerebrovascular disorders, head trauma, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis and so on, which mainly affect the brainstem or diencephalon. Thus far, narcolepsy is considered to develop depending on both the genetic background including HLA types, and exogenous factors. According to reported cases with narcolepsy, sporadic cases were HLA-DR2 positive even more frequently than familial cases. To date, however, there have been only three previous reports of a symptomatic narcolepsy patient without association of HLA-DR2 and DQw1. In conclusion, the present report suggests that typical symptomatic narcolepsy could be HLA-DR2 or DQw1 negative.


Representing the synthesis of approximately ten years of archaeological research along the central Tombigbee River, this book offers new theoretical and interpretive contributions to the study of human activity in the Tombigbee River Valley from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1450. The authors have devised a new taxonomic approach that allows them to portray cultures as they gathered momentum and peaked in their potential as social, economic, and political structures. The data acquired for this study are from the massive cultural resource management program that accompanied the construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway.


Social media has been one of the most effective and influential forms of communication in providing day-to-day information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of social media platforms in raising public awareness in Bangladesh during the pandemic. The study employs a quantitative method based on 833 (Male 86.8%; Female 13.2%) valid responses from citizens of Bangladesh, disseminated through an online questionnaire using social media channels. Datasets were analyzed through statistical tools using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp), e.g., Frequency and Percentage, Descriptive Statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Pearson's Correlation Matrix (PCM). Based on the findings, Facebook (78.3%) has been the most used social media platform during the pandemic in Bangladesh. However, statistics of the majority (44.1%) indicate that only 37% of awareness (37%) related posts on social media attract their attention. The study indicates that social media has been essential in raising awareness amongst the majority of the citizens (Mean 4.14), providing updates (Mean 4.05) and accurate (Mean 4.05) information to the masses. Awareness through social media has resulted in citizens becoming highly aware of the necessity of washing hands, maintaining social distance, wearing masks, and learning about vaccination, authenticating the influence of changing citizens' behavior. Although there is a risk of spreading incorrect information via social media, its effective utilization can significantly raise public awareness during a global crisis, such as COVID-19, influencing citizen behavior.


The execution and the implementation of the revitalization program and the growth of pulp and paper agro industry require evaluation activities. For that, we need a study that will provide evaluation and mapping of the implementation of policies and programs so that the analysis, assessment and weighting can be more transparent and measurable. The main objective of this activity is, there are an evaluation and mapping policy as well as output-based programs to the use of technology in the pulp and paper agro industry in 2010-2012 and the functioning of the evaluation program results and policies as a policy formulation and program for 2015-2019. Generally, the data analysis methods used are Descriptive Analysis Method, Assessment Technology, Counting Technology Index, Technology Mapping: Importance Performance Analysis, Benchmarking,  SWOT Analysis, RIA (Regulatory Impact Analysis). The technology used in the pulp and paper agro industries in Indonesia has generally been good in the downstream sector. The results of the overall analysis show that the type of technology used is still dominant with 'semi-mechanical technology'. The status of the use of technology in pulp industry is good, while the status  of the use of technology in paper industry is very good.


An observational study is a type of epidemiological study when the researcher observes the situation but is not able to change the conditions of the experiment. The statistical analysis of the observational study of the population of Lermontov city (North Caucasus) was conducted. In the initial group, there were 121 people with lung cancer diagnosis and 196 people of the control group. Statistical analysis was performed only for men (95 cases and 76 controls). The use of logistic regression with correction on age gives the value of odds ratio 1.95 (0.87÷4.37; 90% CI) per 100 working levels per month of combined (occupational and domestic) radon exposure. It was demonstrated that chronic lung diseases are an additional risk factor for uranium miners but it is not a significant risk factor for general population. Thus, the possibility of obtaining statistically reliable results in the observational studies when using the correct methods of analysis is demonstrated.


The paper seeks to cast the Nigerian civil war of 1967 to 1970 within the mould of a revolution. In achieving this aim, the paper necessarily explores the theory of revolution and at the same time carries-out a comparative analysis of civil wars that later morphed into revolutions within the international political system. The Nigerian civil war has never been referred to as a revolution. Rather, the military coup d'etat of January 15, 1966, a first in Nigeria's history, has been erroneously referred to as the closest thing to a revolution in Nigeria. This paper will not only correct the misrepresentation, it will also establish the theoretical line that separate a revolution from a coup d'etat. Thus, the central thrust of the paper is that as a revolution, the Nigerian civil war was meant to be a means to an end for Nigeria; the end being the attainment of nationhood for Nigeria. This conclusion is arrived at after careful and critical evaluation of the significant role revolution played in the formative years of some of the most successful nations within the international environment. The countries used in the course of the analyzes include the United States of America, France and Spain. Some of the theories of revolution that readily capture the essence of the Nigerian conflict are also highlighted.


Introduction. Lung carcinoids are considered a rare and uncommon group of lung tumors, making about 1% of all primary lung tumors. Atypical carcinoids are more aggressive than typical ones, with higher metastatic potential and worse prognosis and a 10-year survival rate of less than 60%. Case outline. In 2012, a 61-year-old male underwent the right lower lobectomy and the histopathological finding was an atypical lung carcinoid tumor. At the beginning of 2016, radiological and bronchoscopic progression of the disease was reported. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enhanced nodular lesions compatible with liver metastases. The patient received endoluminal brachytherapy. Subsequently, the first line chemotherapy according to the cisplatin/etoposide (PE) protocol was applied. In August 2016, the somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) revealed secondary deposits with somatostatin receptor (SR) expression in the liver and lungs. The treatment with lanreotide injections was initiated. After five treatment courses, progression of the disease in the bronchial tree was verified and electro-cauterization and argon plasma cauterization of the tumor in the right main bronchus were performed. In September 2017, progression of the disease was verified again. The Oncology Board introduced the third line therapy with everolimus. Conclusion. The evidence supporting optimal treatment strategies for an atypical lung carcinoid tumor is lacking, but some recent publications indicate that multimodal treatment is associated with prolonged survival.


Abstract This article discusses the efforts made to ensure the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Ghana. The discussion is based on analysis of primary data gathered through interviews and analysis of several official reports, policy documents, legislative instruments, and Acts of Parliament of Ghana that pertains to environmental protection, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development. The findings have been presented in a way that portrays the various efforts that have been made over the years to enhance sustainable development as the country makes efforts to implement the CBD. They are also linked to the extant literature on the subject of biodiversity conservation, environmental management, and sustainable development. The themes for presentation thus include the passage of several legislations, rules and regulations, and the implementation of targeted sustainable development-oriented policies. The article presents the gains made in the implementation of the CBD and lessons that can be learnt.


We described a five-year-old boy who presented with acute liver failure of indeterminate aetiology, requiring urgent liver transplant. Post-operative course was complicated by pancytopaenia, hypogammaglobulinaemia and cerebral lesions, histologically confirmed as EBV-driven post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Genetic testing showed XLP1 mutation, prompting matched-unrelated haematopoietic stem cell transplant to cure his primary immunodeficiency.


India - a land of vast cultural & linguistic diversity, where 'word of mouth' plays a crucial role in building brands. Public Relations have strongly emerged as an indispensable function for protecting and enhancing reputation. With 70% population of the nation living within the rural or semi-urban geographies, and nearly 34% of the same, annually migrating to urban cities in search of a better livelihood and employment, the role of regional Public Relations becomes more intrinsic to "Integrated Communications and Marketing strategies" for brands. The research paper attempts to understand the following: a) Evolution of consumer consumption and engagement through the lens of regional Public Relations in India. b) Introduction of the concept of G-LO-RI: Global – Local-Regional. c) Challenges faced by professionals/ agencies. The research aims to emphasize the need and importance of regional Public Relations. With the help of in-depth interviews and secondary data, the research will deduce the opportunities and scope to grow in this unorganized and untapped regional territories pan India. The research paper has considered variables - demographic factors, purchasing power, access and dissemination of information and news, effects of social channels and influencers, regional content consumption patterns, and urbanization. The qualitative study of these factors aims to share an outlook and future of regional Public Relations in India. As per existing information available at the time of drafting this research paper, there was no such material or reporting evidence in the context of the role and relevance of regional Public Relations in India. This research paper aims to highlight the current ecosystem, gaps, and key findings and showcase the importance, growth, and challenges of regional Public Relations in India. Interpretations/Implications: This study found that the Regional Public Relations industry has grown multi-folds in the past two decades. There have been many contributing factors instrumental towards this growth size, scale, and reach. This study included a mix of national public relations agency professionals and regional Public Relations agency owners/founders. They shared their journey and explained the concept, growth and evolution, agency revenue model, team size, opportunities, and challenges on the whole. The level of growth is varied region-wise, while Western, Northern, and Southern regions are hot spots of growth of regional Public Relations business, Eastern and North-East region remain a potential growth market. It was also observed that the affiliate model or the associate model of business is prevalent in the industry. The upcoming trends and practices were also discussed with the participants. The agencies have relied heavily on traditional media for a long time, but there is a gradual shift towards creating more digital content, which is data-driven. In due course of the study, it was evident that industry spending differed from one region to another. FMCG, followed by Automobile and Telecom, were the front runners in spends on regional Public Relations, Government and Education sectors have also caught up. The variation is observed due to the general demand and supply rule and socio-cultural factors, including language, customs, lifestyles & values, playing a crucial role. The researcher also came across some looming challenges that the industry currently faces, and recommendations have also been shared at the end of this paper.


The promising performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in text classification has attracted researchers to use them for fraud review detection. However, the lack of trusted labeled data has limited the performance of the current solutions in detecting fraud reviews. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as a semi-supervised method has been demonstrated to be effective for data augmentation purposes. The state-of-the-art solutions utilize GANs to overcome the data scarcity problem. However, they fail to incorporate the behavioral clues in fraud generation. Additionally, state-of-the-art approaches overlook the possible bot-generated reviews in the dataset. Finally, they also suffer from a common limitation in the generalization and stability of the GAN, slowing down the training procedure. In this work, we propose ScoreGAN for fraud review detection that makes use of both review text and review rating scores in the generation and detection process. Scores are incorporated through Information Gain Maximization (IGM) into the loss function for three reasons. One is to generate score-correlated reviews based on the scores given to the generator. Second, the generated reviews are employed to train the discriminator, allowing the discriminator to correctly label the possible bot-generated reviews through joint representations learned from the concatenation of GLobal Vector for Word representation (GLoVe) extracted from the text and the score. Finally, it can be used to improve the stability and generalization of the GAN. Results show that the proposed framework outperformed the existing state-of-the-art FakeGAN framework, in terms of AP by 7%, and 5% on the Yelp and TripAdvisor datasets, respectively.


Aelius Aristides' Sacred Tales is a complex literary text, and its first book—the diary—puzzles scholars,
as it has no parallel in the entire work. This paper offers a justification for this section by arguing
for a deliberate contrast between the diary and Books 2–6 of the Sacred Tales, as a result of which the
latter section is crafted as a narrative about Asclepius. I will first identify a large series of shifts in the
ST: starting with Book 2, change concerns the protagonist, which from Aristides' abdomen turns to
Asclepius, the narrator, dream interpretation, genre, and arrangement of the events. Secondly, I discuss
the impact of these shifts upon the readers' response: while the diary invites the readers to relive
the everyday tension between known past and unknown future, the spatial form of Books 2–6 creates
the opposite effect, turning the readers' attention away from the human flow of time towards Asclepius,
and leading them to perceive features of his divine time.


: Since the introduction of the time-frequency analysis technique into the field of EEG data in the 1980's, researchers can excavate non-phase locked components in EEG signals, overcoming the previous shortcomings of traditional ERP methods. In the field of psychology, the two most commonly used time-frequency analysis methods are wavelet transform and Hilbert transform. Power, phase locking index (PLI), and coherence are three important indices of time-frequency analysis. Power in different frequency band is typically considered to reflect different mental processes. For example, α power is frequently related to selective attention, while γ energy is often associated with feature binding. Researchers use PLI to investigate the mechanism generated by an ERP component. Coherence indicates the exchange of information between long-distance brain regions and cognitive control of higher-level brain regions in the low-level brain regions, which show different patterns in various complex cognitive tasks.


Children acquire an understanding of the world by asking "why" and "how" questions. Conversational agents (CAs) like smart speakers or voice assistants can be promising respondents to children's questions as they are more readily available than parents or teachers. However, CAs' answers to "why" and "how" questions are not designed for children, as they can be difficult to understand and provide little interactivity to engage the child. In this work, we propose design guidelines for creating interactive dialogues that promote children's engagement and help them understand explanations. Applying these guidelines, we propose DAPIE, a system that answers children's questions through interactive dialogue by employing an AI-based pipeline that automatically transforms existing long-form answers from online sources into such dialogues. A user study (N=16) showed that, with DAPIE, children performed better in an immediate understanding assessment while also reporting higher enjoyment than when explanations were presented sentence-by-sentence.


The study of fundamental properties (such as temperatures, radii, masses, and ages) and interior processes (such as convection and angular momentum transport) of stars has implications on various topics in astrophysics, ranging from the evolution of galaxies to understanding exoplanets. In this contribution I will review the basic principles of two key observational methods for constraining fundamental and interior properties of single field stars: the study stellar oscillations (asteroseismology) and optical long-baseline interferometry. I will highlight recent breakthrough discoveries in asteroseismology such as the measurement of core rotation rates in red giants and the characterization of exoplanet systems. I will furthermore comment on the reliability of interferometry as a tool to calibrate indirect methods to estimate fundamental properties, and present a new angular diameter measurement for the exoplanet host star HD219134 which demonstrates that diameters for stars which are relatively well resolved (~> 1 mas for the K band) are consistent across different instruments. Finally I will discuss the synergy between asteroseismology and interferometry to test asteroseismic scaling relations, and give a brief outlook on the expected impact of space-based missions such as K2, TESS and Gaia.


The spatial patterns of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation (precipitation isoscapes) provide a geographic perspective to understand the atmospheric processes in modern environment and paleoclimate records. Here we compiled stable isotope data in modern precipitation at 223 sites across China and 48 in surrounding countries, and used regionalized fuzzy clustering to create monthly precipitation isoscapes for China (C-Isoscape). Based on regressions using spatial and climatic parameters for twelve months, the best-fitting equations were chosen for four climate clusters, and then the four layers were weighted using fuzzy membership. The moisture transportation path, controlled by the westerlies and the monsoon, results in different spatial and seasonal diversity of precipitation isotopes. Based on C-Isoscape, we determined a nationwide meteoric water line as δ2H = 7.4δ18O + 5.5 using least squares regression or δ2H = 8.0δ18O + 10.2 using precipitation weighted reduced major axis regression. Compared with previous global products, the C-Isoscape usually shows precipitation more enriched in 18O and 2H in summer and more depleted in winter for northwest China, while the C-Isoscape values are more enriched in heavy isotopes in most months for southwest China. The new monthly precipitation isoscapes provide an accurate and high-resolution mapping for Chinese precipitation isotopes, allowing for future intra-annual atmospheric process diagnostics using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope in precipitation in the region.


Precast culvert system is generally constructed with a series of process such as excavation, ground mitigation, placement of culverts, anti-leakage packing between adjacent culverts, post-tensioning for PS strands and backfilling. In this process inappropriate ground mitigation often causes differential settlement and, correspondingly, makes water-leakage to be occurred between adjacent boxes. This study was performed to understand the behavioral characteristics of recently proposed precast foundation plate to support precast culvert system through on-site pilot construction. The gap between two adjacent culverts, increment of earth pressure at the bottom of culvert, vertical settlement of top of the culverts were monitored using various sensors. The monitoring results showed that the proposed foundation plate provides better culvert system in the points of less gap development, earth pressure and settlement at the adjacent of two culverts.


New sensory stimuli can be learned with a single or a few presentations. Similarly, the responses of cortical neurons to a stimulus have been shown to increase reliably after just a few repetitions. Long-term memory is thought to be mediated by synaptic plasticity, but in vitro experiments in cortical cells typically show very small changes in synaptic strength after a pair of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes. Thus, it is traditionally thought that fast learning requires stronger synaptic changes, possibly because of neuromodulation. Here we show theoretically that weak synaptic plasticity can, in fact, support fast learning, because of the large number of synapses N onto a cortical neuron. In the fluctuation-driven regime characteristic of cortical neurons in vivo, the size of membrane potential fluctuations grows only as N, whereas a single output spike leads to potentiation of a number of synapses proportional to N. Therefore, the relative effect of a single spike on synaptic potentiation grows as N. This leverage effect requires precise spike timing. Thus, the large number of synapses onto cortical neurons allows fast learning with very small synaptic changes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term memory is thought to rely on the strengthening of coactive synapses. This physiological mechanism is generally considered to be very gradual, and yet new sensory stimuli can be learned with just a few presentations. Here we show theoretically that this apparent paradox can be solved when there is a tight balance between excitatory and inhibitory input. In this case, small synaptic modifications applied to the many synapses onto a given neuron disrupt that balance and produce a large effect even for modifications induced by a single stimulus. This effect makes fast learning possible with small synaptic changes and reconciles physiological and behavioral observations.


A fracture mechanics approach was used to investigate the high strength of hot-pressed Si3N4. Room-temperature flexural strengths, fracture energies, and elastic moduli were determined for material fabricated from α- and β-phase Si3N4 powders. When the proper powder preparation technique was used, α-phase powder resulted in a high fracture energy (69,000 ergs/cm2), a high flexural strength (95,000 psi), and an elongated (fiberlike) grain morphology, whereas β-phase powder produced a low fracture energy (16,000 ergs/cm2), a relatively low strength (55,000 psi), and an equiaxed grain morphology. It was hypothesized that the high strength of Si3N4 hot-pressed from α-phase powder results from its high fracture energy, which is attributed to the elongated grains. High-strength Si3N4 has directional properties caused, in part, by the elongated grain structure, which is oriented preferentially with respect to the hot-pressing direction.


Twenty-nine bunch groundnut genotypes were evaluated for adaptability under summer condition across four environments for pod yield. Both linear and nonlinear portions of genotypes X environment (G X E) interaction accounted for the expression for pod yield. However, the predictable portion was significantly higher than the nonpredictable portion. Most of the genotypes were responsive to the fluctuations in agroclimatic conditions. The high yielding genotype J (E)-1 showed wider adaptability over environments. High yielding genotypes which exhibited greater response to favourable environments were also identified. High pod yield coupled with high response results in greater instability, while medium pod yield with average response leads to stability of the genotypes.


One of the main barriers to the reuse of Open Educational Resources (OER) is language (OLnet, 2009). OER may be available but in a language that users cannot access, so a preliminary step to reuse is their translation or localization. One of the obvious solutions to the vast effort required to translate OER is to crowd-source the translation, as exemplified by Wikipedia ( Wikipedia Translation ) or TED ( Ted Open Translation Project ). From October to December 2012 the Department of Languages at the Open University UK ran a MOOC on Open Translation Tools and Practices (OT12). Participants explored a range of online open translation tools ( Amara , Transifex , Google Translator Toolkit ) that enable and facilitate the crowdsourcing of translation, dubbing and subtitling. For this MOOC, participants collaborated in the translation and subtitling of OER mainly to and from English and Spanish, but also Portuguese, French, Greek, German and Catalan. Forum discussions, synchronous online sessions, recorded podcasts and the tasks themselves were designed to provide input, facilitate discussion and share views not only on the linguistic specificities of translating different languages, but also on issues such as quality assurance in open translation and the ethics and practicalities of openness in education and translation. Data for this paper is drawn from online surveys covering participants' backgrounds and their prior experience as translators; their expectations and motivation for participating in the OT12 MOOC; and their evaluation of the outcomes of the MOOC. We understand MOOCs as events (Cormier, 2010) or, following the principles of connectivism, catalysts for starting conversations within a network (Downes, 2011), and therefore feel that they might be a suitable way of engaging online communities of translators, language teachers and learners, and those interested in the crowdsourcing of translations for OER. This paper attempts to open up a debate on how the world of open education can harness crowdsourcing and existing open translation models to further the openness agenda.


AbstractA method has been developed for automatically generating a phylogenetic tree of architectural plans based on graph theory, according to the properties of the plans and the timing of their appearance. A phylogenetic tree of architectural plans is a branching diagram that shows transitions of the architectural plans by period. In previous studies, researchers analyzed structural similarities and differences between architectural plans by comparing one floor plan to another. Such manual classification processes sometimes result in inconsistent classifications and are inefficient, especially when a large number of plans are compared and analyzed. In this paper, a new algorithmic approach is proposed, termed the time-based joining (TBJ) method, for quantitatively evaluating structural similarities between architectural plans and creating a phylogenetic tree of the analyzed architectural plans. The validity and consistency of the TBJ method's results were tested by generating a phylogenetic tree of 422 ...


Toxic methylene blue dye is removed from water by accumulating it on the surface of clay minerals. Clay adsorbents are obtained from kaolinite, montmorillonite, and their acid activated forms. The adsorption experiments are carried out in a batch process in environments of different pH, initial dye concentration, amount of clay, interaction time, and temperature. Adsorption of dye is best described by second order kinetics. In the temperature range of 303 to 333 K, the Langmuir monolayer capacity for three kaolinite species increased from 45.5 to 56.5 mg g−1, 45.9 to 57.8 mg g−1, 46.3 to 58.8 mg g−1, and for three montmorillonites species from 163.9 to 181.8 mg g−1, 166.7 to 188.8 mg g−1, and 172.4 to 192.3 mg g−1. The interaction is an endothermic process driven by entropy increase and spontaneous adsorptive accumulation is ensured by favorable Gibbs energy decrease. It is found that acid activation enhances the adsorption capacity of kaolinite and montmorillonite.


Every year, diverse Jewish communities around the world observe Tashlich (casting off), a customary atonement ritual performed the day after Rosh Hashanah. This performative ritual is conducted next to a body of water to symbolize atonement and purification of one's sins. Based on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in two egalitarian Jewish congregations in Tel Aviv and in New York City, I show how Tashlich performance is constructed as a political act to empower gender and sexual identities and experiences, as well as the socio-political positionality of LGBTQ Jews in various sites. By including new blessings, the blowing of the shofar by gay female participants, and by conducting the ritual in historical and contemporary queer urban spaces, the rabbis and congregants created new interpretations of the traditional customs. They exposed their feelings toward themselves, their community, and its visibility and presence in the city. The fact that the ritual is conducted in an open urban public space creates not only differing meanings and perceptions than from the synagogue, but also exposes queer politics in the context of national and religious identities. Furthermore, this comparative analysis illuminates tensions and trajectories of Jewishness and queerness in Israel and in the US, and sheds light on postmodern tendencies in contemporary urban religious communities as a result of the inclusion of the LGBTQ community.


textabstractOver the past decades, there is increasing interest in the economic networks between cities, in which it is argued that the rise of the network economy is the result of advances in ongoing globalization, transport and communication technology, common markets, the individualization of production and the growth of multinational firms. It is said that these aspects significantly impact on the spatio-economic structure of cities and regions (e.g. Batten, 1995, Anas et al., 1998), in which the monocentric city is transforming into a polycentric urban network. However, a paradox in this process is the focus of academics and policymakers on sub-national regions as the essential unit of economic activity. In general, most studies and policies fail to conceptualize regional development in an era of globalization (Dicken and Malmberg 2001). Instead, a combined strategy of global production networks and regional assets should be pursued, in which activities are understood across different geographical scales (Coe et al., 2004, Dicken et al., 2001). Today, only a limited number of world city network studies exist (due to scarcity of relational data), e.g. international banking (Meyer 1986), producer service firms (Taylor, 2004), MNC governance (Alderson and Beckfield, 2004), and corporate directorates (Carroll, 2007).


This essay explores the ways in which migration, conceived not only as a movement in space but essentially as a movement in time, can contribute to demolish the illusory, monolithic conception of temporality in the Global World. Going beyond the theories of hybridization, which tend to find a sort of agreement between different times (a "third time"), I find synchronization impossible and therefore argue for a model of time that is capable of dealing with conflicts, blind spots and "dyschronies": a sort of "fourth time," an antagonistic temporality that shows us that migration is always "out of the clock." That fourth, conflictive time is enacted and embodied in some recent works of art. Departing from the idea that visual art can make us understand contemporary problems even better than our humanistic practices of writing, I examine some video artworks that show us migration as an "out of synch" experience.


Research conducted with the title " Strategy of Product Development and Marketing Communications to Boost up the Amount of Client at PT. BPR of Mount Two And A Half rupiah Worse luck", representing descriptive research qualitative Target of this research is analyse the strategy of product diversification and correct marketing communications to company can stay in emulation which progressively narrow the company scope, passing analysis of Matrik SWOT . Analyzer used to obtain;get the result matching with the intention of research, hence in this marketing strategy formulation use the Eksternal Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS), opportunity or threat consisted of the economics, demography, technological, emulation and governance. While Internal Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS), strength and weakness consisted by the hotchpotch of service marketing 7P+1C. Through this research, is conducted a internal analysis and eksternal company evaluated through the source of data of primary and sekunder supporting this research. Pursuant to various source of conducted analysis and data, indicating that company confronted very threat form require to be anticipated the. emulation And struggling of market compartment and also room move the BPR which tend to limited to make the company have to careful berfikir again in overcoming the problem. Existing solution is by maximizing again strength had the company to anticipate the threat and exploit the opportunity which have potency. From analysis of matrik SWOT, known the dominant strategy key in face of internal environment and eksternal company is strategy of product development and marketing communications. although Company have conducted the that two strategy but still need optimal again To reach the target or company target that is boosting up the amount of client, hence company require to apply the correct strategy and exact. Conception the offer of planning of strategy formulation for the company of can be made upon which consideration reference in improve;repairing company performance go to better. Keyword : Kebijakan Perbankan, Penurunan Nasabah, Analisis Matrik SWOT, Strategi Pengembangan Produk & Komunikasi Pemasaran Link Terkait : http://skripsi.umm.ac.id/files/disk1/343/jiptummpp-gdl-s1-2009-sitiaisyah-17128-PENDAHUL-N.pdf


Electrodeposited Fe-Co-Ni alloys are promising candidates for the writer in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording systems. In this paper, the mechanical properties of these materials have been studied by stress measurements as a function of temperature and nanoindentation. The alloy films (/spl sim/1-/spl mu/m-thick) were electrodeposited onto Cu/Ti/Si substrates. Three distinct structural regions were observed: FCC, mixed FCC+BCC, and BCC phases as Fe content in the alloy increased. The internal stress of Fe-Co-Ni films increases with decreasing current density, as reported for Ni-Fe films. The hardness of the as-deposited films was around 4.8 GPa; after annealing to 400/spl deg/C hardness was reduced to 3.6 GPa. The coefficient of thermal expansion CTE was /spl sim/10-11 /spl times/ 10-6/spl deg/C/sup -1/, comparable to typical values of bulk Ni/sub 78/Fe/sub 22/ (CTE -12 /spl times/ 10/sup -1//spl deg/C/sup -1/). Reduced Young's modulus E/(1 - /spl nu//sup 2/) changes from 150 to 180 Gpa, corresponding to the structural change from BCC to FCC. The ratio H/E is smaller than other materials investigated for write heads, indicating a lower resistance to deformation. H/E further decreases after annealing.


We present results from a simple numerical model simulating continuous wave (CW) intracavity Raman lasers and intracavity-doubled Raman lasers, which will guide optimization of experimental devices. We show that the laser efficiently converts the incident pump power into the fundamental photons, allowing us to derive simple expressions for the Raman threshold and total efficiency. The model shows that the behavior of the laser can be described as a function of two coupling parameters, and enhanced efficiency may be achieved by strongly increasing these coupling parameters for the Raman and doubling processes.


Abstract In 2003 George W. Bush offered a black and white depiction of the detainees held within Guantánamo Bay. Having removed all their legal and constitutional protections and imposed an absolute executive authority, Bush baldly asserted that they were 'bad people'. Yet, ironically, by taking these measures, Bush also visited upon the US problems and threats that Barack Obama still struggles to resolve. Bush's solution created a new set of dilemmas, since the detainees, cast into the position of 'bare life', in Giorgio Agamben's phrase, stripped of their legal rights, were in a situation where they also collectively situated the Guantánamo Bay camps as a hub at the centre of a hybrid network — one arguably possessing both weak ties and 'small world' hub-centeredness. This hub has weak ties, in that the network has been randomized in the node's multinational assemblage of detainees, linking all over the world, so generating a network which has the potential for high connectivity, yet it is also a network that has the robust compactness of a small world network, in that it is defined around the GiTMO camps. This makes it a particularly potent source of networked resistance to the camps and of terrorist collaboration via a process of network densification.


Despite increased awareness of cybersecurity incidents and consequences, organisations still struggle to convince employees to comply with information security policies and engage in effective cyber prevention. Here we introduce and evaluateThe Cybersurvival Task, a ranking task that highlights cybersecurity misconceptions amongst employees and that serves as a reflective exercise for security experts. We describe an initial deployment and refinement of the task in one organisation and a second deployment and evaluation in another. We show how the Cybersurvival Task could be used to detect 'shadow security' cultures within an organisation and illustrate how a group discussion about the importance of different cyber behaviours led to the weakening of staff's cybersecurity positions (i.e. more disagreement with experts). We also discuss its use as a tool to inform organisational policy-making and the design of campaigns and training events, ensuring that they are better tailored to specific staff groups and designed to target problematic behaviours.


Background: The first step towards achieving the goals of Reproductive and Child Health programme is to create awareness and educate the pregnant women about salient features of essential & emergency obstetric care and neonatal care provided. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge on essential obstetrics care among pregnant women in a rural area. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in a rural area of Kancheepuram District in Tamil Nadu State, using a sample size of 100 pregnant women, arrived based on the prevalence of knowledge on antenatal care available from literature. The participants were selected by simple random sampling and data collected regarding the knowledge on 'essential obstetrics care', using a structured interview schedule based on the Mother Child Protection card. Results: About 45% of the participants had adequate knowledge regarding antenatal care, 46% had adequate knowledge on danger signs and symptoms of pregnancy, but only 13% of them had adequate knowledge regarding obstetric care. Knowledge regarding obstetrics care was found to have significant association with the educational status of pregnant mothers. Conclusions: The knowledge gap found in this study points to the need for re-evaluation of the effectiveness of health education measures given through the health care delivery system and the need for improved / revamped content and quality of health education materials to create better awareness among the pregnant women.


This paper aims to connect the issues of pluralism, Confucianism, and democracy in East Asia. Through engaging with empirical evidence, I will argue that although Confucianism still has a strong yet shallow moral and cultural hold on East Asian societies, it no longer has dominance over how citizens in East Asian societies envision their political future. Then, I will examine the idea of pluralism and argue that neither the Confucian classicists nor the liberal-minded Confucian political theorists take pluralism truly seriously, because both sides ultimately adopt the same internal view of pluralism that contains and addresses pluralism from within Confucianism. In contrast, an external view of pluralism is needed to treat Confucianism as one of many comprehensive doctrines coexisting with one another in East Asia. Finally, I will conclude by proposing a two-track strategy that takes advantage of two distinct approaches toward a better understanding of pluralism, Confucianism, and democracy.


Abstract Traditional surface drilling methods used to extract methane gas from coal and shale reservoirs have historically had low production rates, low recovery factors, do not drain the reservoir uniformly, require considerable surface disturbance to drill, and encounter extended dewatering periods. In recent years, advances in drilling technologies have allowed some operators to re-evaluate the economic viability of developing some unconventional reservoirs that had been previously discounted due to poor production performance. CDX Gas, LLC of Dallas, Texas has developed a patented drilling system that has dramatically enhanced production recoveries from low permeable coals and shales. The Z-Pinnate Horizontal Drilling and Completion System employs horizontal drilling techniques in a multi-well pattern that create an efficient and environmentally friendly recovery method. A Z-Pinnate well drilled in a coal seam can deplete 1200 acres from a single small wellsite and typically recover 85 to 90 percent of the gas in place within 30 months. A pinnate pattern allows wells to reach maximum production rates in a matter of days by minimizing the dewatering period. Production profiles show that nearly 75 percent of cumulative production is recovered in the first 24 months along with a dramatic increase in recoverable reserves. By reducing the number of wells needed to deplete a project area, the Z-Pinnate Horizontal Drilling and Completion System reduces the surface disturbance caused by locations, gathering systems, and production facilities. This technique also reduces project development costs thus improving project economics and minimizing the impact on the environment.


This book explores how popular photography influenced the development of British travel marketing in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Taking as its touchstone the image archive of the Polytechnic Touring Association, a London-based, originally philanthropic, travel firm, the book reveals the role that people's increasing familiarity with the camera played in the travel industry's shift from using lens-based images to mixed media.

This investigation uncovers the photographic desires of a new group of camera users – the tourist photographers: what photographs they took and why, and how this shaped how they experienced an increasing production of travel images. Through an exploration of lantern shows; the photography, travel and advertising press of the day; the work of official tour photographers; tourists' personal photographs; and commercial photographic competitions, the book charts how the educational concerns and commercial imperatives, which successively defined the expected function of travel images, responded to these desires. As the book reveals, the relationship between popular photography and travel marketing was shaped by the different desires and expectations that consumers and institutions projected onto photography, in what became, effectively, a struggle over the interpretation of the travel image itself.


Monitoring the cardiopulmonary signal of animals is a challenge for veterinarians in conditions when contact with a conscious animal is inconvenient, difficult, damaging, distressing or dangerous to personnel or the animal subject. In this pilot study, we demonstrate a computer vision-based system and use examples of exotic, untamed species to demonstrate this means to extract the cardiopulmonary signal. Subject animals included the following species: Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), African lions (Panthera leo), Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae), koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), alpaca (Vicugna pacos), little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) and Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). The study was done without need for restriction, fixation, contact or disruption of the daily routine of the subjects. The pilot system extracts the signal from the abdominal-thoracic region, where cardiopulmonary activity is most likely to be visible using image sequences captured by a digital camera. The results show motion on the body surface of the subjects that is characteristic of cardiopulmonary activity and is likely to be useful to estimate physiological parameters (pulse rate and breathing rate) of animals without any physical contact. The results of the study suggest that a fully controlled study against conventional physiological monitoring equipment is ethically warranted, which may lead to a novel approach to non-contact physiological monitoring and remotely sensed health assessment of animals. The method shows promise for applications in veterinary practice, conservation and game management, animal welfare and zoological and behavioral studies.


Twelve cases of chromoblastomycosis diagnosed in Rio Grande do sul during 1988-1995 are reported. The clinical aspects are analyzed and compared with the literature. Fonsecaea pedrosoi was the only microorganism isolated.


The student movement demonstrates the failure of the post-apartheid narrative of rainbows and miracles to effect real change in people's lives.


No satellite system is designed to last forever. By 2007, the US Navy expects the ultra high frequency (UHF) follow-on (UFO) satellite constellation to start to show its age. Although the degraded health of the UFO satellite constellation is several years away, the US Navy has already begun to study when and how to replace UFO. With enthusiastic help from the joint community, the US Navy is taking steps today to develop the requirements for a replacement system to UFO called the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS).


This paper investigates the mining industry's poor productivity performance as measured by the conventional multifactor productivity (MFP) index during the recent mining boom in Australia. We derive a relationship between the measured and 'true' MFP growth that separates the effects of returns to scale, market power, capacity utilisation and natural resource inputs from measured MFP. Using exploration capital as a proxy for natural resource inputs, a translog variable cost function is estimated to provide parameter estimates for the various components in the decomposition equation. The results show that the average MFP growth in Australian mining based on the dual measure of technical change is nearly 2% over the sample period 1974-75 to 2006-07, rather than 0.01% from the published index. The difference arises because changes in natural resource inputs have subtracted 1.14 percentage points from the 'true' MFP growth, while the effects of capacity utilisation and returns to scale are also negative but less sizeable in impact.


A novel technique for generating efficient signatures has been proposed for characterizing Boolean functions. The computed signatures can be found to be insensitive to permutations of input variables. Such a signature can be used to find a match for a given function in a large library of Boolean functions. This paper utilizes the concept of A-transform used to solve the problem of probabilistic design verification. It has been proved analytically that for number of variables less than 5, the generated signature is unique. Randomly generated functions of 5, 6, and 7 variables, aliasing has been observed to be within 0.5%. This basic scheme is next modified to arrive at a signature with linear space complexity. The efficiency of the modified signature to distinguish nonequivalent Boolean functions can be found to be above 0.99 for Actel type multiplexor based FPGAs.


The author summarizes the present knowledge concerning the treatment of pain in neovascular glaucoma. The treatment of the pain is very closely connected with a good compensation of the intraocular pressure. The author did not find a correlation between the degree of the elevated intraocular pressure and the ocular pain. He compares the results of the treatment of ocular pain in neovascular glaucoma with cyclo-cryocoagulation as a single method with those of the method of trans-scleral panretinal cryocoagulation in combination with cyclo-cryocoagulation performed in one session. In the treatment of ocular pain, markedly better results were achieved by using trans-scleral panretinal cryocoagulation in combination with cyclo-cryocoagulation. Complete relief from pain was achieved the fifth postoperative day in 54.5% when only cyclo-cryocoagulation was performed, in 100% when trans-scleral panretinal cryocoagulation was carried out in combination with cyclo-cryocoagulation. According to the author, this stands in connection with the better compensation of the intraocular pressure after the combined cryosurgical intervention and, in all probability, also with the assumed analgesic effect of panretinal cryocoagulation, which is obviously due to damage to the sensitive nerves of the bulb during freezing of the sclera an the choroid.


Polymer flooding and low salinity waterflooding are two different but potentially complementary Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. Polymer flooding improves fractional flow and sweep efficiency by improving the mobility ratio for the displacement. Low salinity waterflooding improves pore scale displacement efficiency by changing the wettability of the reservoir rocks toward more water-wet. Reduced salinity water is often used in polymer injection to reduce hydrolysis however the water salinity in this case is typically higher than that needed to obtain a true low salinity effect. This paper describes the outcomes of a systematic study into the potential benefits of combined polymer-low salinity waterflooding versus polymer-high salinity waterflooding, polymer-reduced salinity waterflooding and conventional waterflooding.
 Numerical simulation, validated against analytical solutions, was used to evaluate the relative performance of these processes. The impacts of layering and reservoir heterogeneity were investigated using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) reservoir models. Sensitivity studies of injected water salinity and the start time of injection were carried out in each of these models. Outcomes were compared against the recoveries and water cuts predicted using a one-dimensional (1D) analytic solution for the EOR processes to evaluate the impact of sweep versus displacement efficiency on incremental oil recovery and water cut.
 Combined polymer-low salinity waterflooding shows an improvement in recovery and reduction in water cut compared with the other EOR processes in all cases. We show this is partly due to improving the fractional flow (increasing shock front saturation) but is also due to both the leading and trailing shock fronts in polymer-low salinity waterflooding being more stable than in the other EOR processes, reducing the possibility of viscous finger growth and thus increasing performance. The highest incremental oil recovery is observed when the injected water salinity in the combined polymer-low salinity waterflooding is reduced to below the low salinity threshold. It is clearly beneficial to reduce the water salinity to this low level rather than just to a salinity where hydrolysis is prevented. The injection of the combined EOR technique in tertiary mode, particularly at 75% water cut after performing high salinity waterflooding, exhibits an incremental oil recovery of between 15 and 42% and a reduction in water cut of between 11 and 48% at 1.0 pore volume injected (PVI).
 This is the first systematic investigation into the performance of combined polymer-low salinity waterflooding compared with conventional waterflooding, low salinity waterflooding, and polymer flooding with reduced salinity water. It provides a clear insight into the benefits of combined EOR process justifying the need for field scale pilots and further laboratory studies.


The information regarding fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in benign and malignant cardiac tumors is limited in the literature and most of the currrently available data were derived from single case reports. Herein we reported coexistence of atrial myxoma and lung cancer on FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography with the aim of emphasizing the importance of distinct FDG uptake pattern on differential diagnosis.


The amalgamation of South (SCB) and North China Blocks (NCB) along the Qinling‐Dabie orogenic belt involved several stages of high pressure (HP)‐ultra high pressure (UHP) metamorphism. The new discovery of UHP metamorphic rocks in the North Qinling (NQ) terrane can provide valuable information on this process. However, no precise age for the UHP metamorphism in the NQ terrane has been documented yet, and thus hinders deciphering of the evolution of the whole Qinling‐Dabie‐Sulu orogenic belt. This article reports an integrated study of U–Pb age, trace element, mineral inclusion and Hf isotope composition of zircon from an eclogite, a quartz vein and a schist in the NQ terrane. The zircon cores in the eclogite are characterized by oscillatory zoning or weak zoning, high Th/U and 176Lu/177Hf ratios, pronounced Eu anomalies and steep heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns. The zircon cores yield an age of 796 ± 13 Ma, which is taken as the protolith formation age of the eclogite, and implies that the NQ terrane may belong to the SCB before it collided with the NCB. The ɛHf(t) values vary from −11.3 to 3.2 and corresponding two‐stage Hf model ages are 2402 to 1495 Ma, suggesting the protolith was derived from an enriched mantle. In contrast, the metamorphic zircon rims show no zoning or weak zoning, very low Th/U and 176Lu/177Hf ratios, insignificant Eu anomalies and flat HREE patterns. They contain inclusions of garnet, omphacite and phengite, suggesting that the metamorphic zircon formed under eclogite facies metamorphic conditions, and their weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 485.9 ± 3.8 Ma was interpreted to date the timing of the eclogite facies metamorphism. Zircon in the quartz vein is characterized by perfect euhedral habit, some oscillatory zoning, low Th/U ratios and variable HREE contents. It yields a weighted mean U–Pb age of 480.5 ± 2.5 Ma, which registers the age of fluid activity during exhumation. Zircon in the schist is mostly detrital and U–Pb age peaks at c. 1950 to 1850, 1800 to 1600, 1560 to 1460 and 1400 to 1260 Ma with an oldest grain of 2517 Ma, also suggesting that the NQ terrane may have an affinity to the SCB. Accordingly, the amalgamation between the SCB and the NCB is a multistage process that spans c. 300 Myr, which includes: the formation of the Erlangping intra‐oceanic arc zone onto the NCB before c. 490 Ma, the c. 485 Ma crustal subduction and UHP metamorphism of the NQ terrane, the c. 430 Ma arc‐continent collision and granulite facies metamorphism, the 420 to 400 Ma extension and rifting in relation to the opening of the Palaeo‐Tethyan ocean, the c. 310 Ma HP eclogite facies metamorphism of oceanic crust and associated continental basement, and the final 250 to 220 Ma continental subduction and HP–UHP metamorphism.


Previous research has found that face-to-face deliberation can result in aggregate shifts in participants' political views. What is less well known is how such attitude changes vary depending on individual attributes and the nature of a group's deliberation. The present study extends prior research by exploring the relationship between participant ideology and attitude change in small, face-to-face groups. To test a set of hypotheses and research questions, 57 zero-history groups discussed three different public problems for 30–60 minutes, and each participant completed pre- and postdiscussion questionnaires. Participant ideology had a clear association with changes on specific discussion-related issues, but participants from every ideological group experienced increased differentiation between ideologically distinct attitudes. Within-group variance in attitude change was positively correlated with average group scores on self-reported measures of deliberation, extraversion, and conscientiousness. The conclusion discusses these and other findings in relation to future research and public deliberation programs.


A myriad of local, state, and federal laws and regulations exist with the intent to assure consumers a "safe" food supply. This paper addresses some of the economic aspects of federal food safety laws and regulations. A brief summary of federal food safety legislation and programs is offered, with some assessment of issues which impact on the performance of these programs. Finally, broad alternatives to current federal programs are enumerated along with each alternative's potential consequences in economic terms.


The paper investigates the place of visual tools in mixed-methods research on social networks, arguing that they can not only improve the communicability of results, but also support research at the data gathering and analysis stages. Three examples from the authors' own research experience illustrate how sociograms can be integrated in multiple ways with other analytical tools, both quantitative and qualitative, positioning visualization at the intersection of varied methods and channelling substantive ideas as well as network insight in a coherent way. Visualization also facilitates the participation of a broad range of stakeholders, including among others, study participants and non-specialist researchers. It can support the capacity of qualitative and mixed-methods research to reach out to areas of the social that are difficult to circumscribe, such as hidden populations and informal organisations. On this basis, visualization appears as a unique opportunity for mixing methods in the study of social networks, emphasizing both structure and process at the same time.


Effects of Cu underlayer on the structure of Fe50 Mn50 films were studied. Samples with a structure of Fe50 Mn50 (200 nm)/Cu(tCu) were prepared by magnetron sputtering on thermally oxidized silicon substrates at room temperature. The thickness of Cu underlayer varied from 0 to 60 nm in the intervals of 10 nm. High-vacuum annealing treatments, at different temperatures of 200, 300 and 400 ℃ for 1 h, respectively, on the Fe50 Mn50 (200 nm)/Cu(20 nm) thin films were performed. The surface morphologies and textures of the samples were measured by field emission scan electronic microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) were used to analyze the compositional distribution. It is found that Cu underlayer has an obvious induce effect on (111) orientation of Fe50 Mn50 thin films. The induce effects of Cu on (111) orientation of Fe50 Mn50 changed with the increase of Cu layer thickness and the best effect was obtained at the Cu layer thickness of 20 nm. High-vacuum annealing treatments cause the migration of Mn atoms towards surface of the film and interface between Cu layer and substrate. With the increasing annealing temperature, migration of Mn atoms is more obvious, which leads to a Fe-riched Fe-Mn alloy film.


The authors report the characterization of individual free-standing 5 nm gold nanoparticles deposited on ultrathin graphene film by cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in the transmission direction. For primary ions, the authors used C601,2+ and Au4004+ at impact energies of approximately ∼0.42, 0.83, and 1.3 keV/atom, respectively. The experiments were run as a sequence of single projectile impacts with each time separate recording of the secondary ions identified via time-of-flight-mass spectrometer. Graphene generates small mass secondary ions (SIs). It contributes little beyond m/z 120, facilitating the detection of moieties attached to the nanoparticles. From the SI yield of the molecular ion, it can be determined on which side of the graphene the analyte is deposited. Compared to the conventional reflection SIMS, the transmission SIMS shows a ∼4 times higher effective yield of molecular ions from dodecanethiol layer on nanoparticles. The SI yields from Au4004+ bombardment are ∼3 times hig...


This poster has been designed to impart information which was gathered for a seminar as part of an Anaesthetic Nursing Course. It looks at the research which has been compiled on this subject, both in the Nursing and the Medical fields and illustrates the recommendations made by these pieces of research. The poster also depicts the breakdown of fluid compartments in the body and the physiological transference of fluids within the body in times of crisis. There is another section in the poster which explains the differences between certain fluids which are typically used during hypovolaemic resuscitation and the reasons for using these particular fluids. A version of a table designed by the American College of Surgeons, (Advanced Trauma Life Support, ATLS), which is recommended in some of the research on this topic is also shown in the poster and is very useful as a guide to what should happen in the hypovolaemic situation.


Acetylation is one of the dynamic post-translational modification of lysine residues on protein determining the structure, function and intracellular localization that plays an important role in the signal transduction pathways related to diverse cell functions - proliferation, cell death, and differentiation as well as transcriptional regulation. Recently, it has been reported that acetylating agents including chemical histone deacetylase inhibitors and plant polyphenols lead to the increased acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins, which induces to rapid cancer cell death. In this present study, we are focused on molecular mechanism of cell death in two Aspirin-treated human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Trichostatin A (TSA) treatment was combined for maintaining acetylation of intracellular proteins at 0.1 μM concentration, which was not caused cell death itself. It was observed that Aspirin/TSA treatment caused the significant inhibition of cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 by Aspirin/TSA treatment was associated with several specific features of apoptosis, which were proved by biochemical assays containing DNA fragmentation, Annexin V staining and cell cycle analysis. On the other hand, the exposure of MCF-7 to Aspirin/TSA caused necrotic rather than apoptotic mechanism judged by DNA fragmentation assay. These results suggest that different cell death pathway in two breast cancer cell lines is implicated in acetylated protein mediated signals. Previous reports suggest sporadic tumor cell necrosis is associated with extracellular release of cellular protein such as the high mobility group box 1 and may activate innate immune system. Interestingly, we confirmed secretory protein in cell-culture supernatant by immunoprecipitation using anti-acetyllysin antibody. Secretion of the acetylated protein was elevated dose- and time- dependent manner after Asprin treatment. Although extracellular role of the secretory protein in response to acetylation has not been clearly identified yet, this acetylated protein may be involved in initiation of apoptotic cell death signals and/or activating innate immune response. Taken together, theses results indicated that acetylated protein plays an essential role in anti-tumorigenesis in response to acetylating agent such as Aspirin. Citation Format: Yu Ran Lee, Byeong Hwa Jeon, Sunga Choi. Acetylation of intracellular protein induces apoptotic cell death in Aspirin-treated human breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2942. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2942 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.


The title nickel(II) coordination polymer, viz. poly[[bis(1,10-phenanthroline)tris(mu3-1,4-phenylenediacetato)trinickel(II)] dihydrate], {[Ni3(C10H8O4)3(C12H8N2)2].2H2O}(n), consists of linear trinuclear building blocks with two crystallographically unique Ni atoms. One Ni(II) atom and the geometric centre of one 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligand in the trinuclear unit both lie on inversion centres, while the other unique Ni(II) atom lies near the inversion centre, together with another 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligand. Each pair of adjacent trinuclear units is bridged by 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligands, forming two kinds of infinite chains along the a and b axes, respectively. These two kinds of chains crosslink to yield a two-dimensional network in the ab plane. The two-dimensional sheets further stack along the c axis via pi-pi stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.


Maluku as one of the archipelago provinces in Indonesia would require a sea transportation system to improve movement of goods and services inter-islands both within and outside of the Province. Ambon City as the capital of Maluku Province has an important role in accommodating it . Ambon City itself currently has six ports with different functions. One of the main ports is the Port of Yos Sudarso Ambon which currently accommodates two functions. First, as a port of passenger and second as a container port. However, along with the increasing container demand and inadequate port area. Then, there are various proposals which proclaimed in various regional and national development programs to focus on the transition function of Yos Sudarso Port in accommodating the activities of departure and arrival of passengers and eliminate the function of containers activity. The futuristic architectural approach is intended to find the need for architectural masterpieces of modern character and stand out along the Ambon Waterfront City development area. This approach represents progress, something new that is different from the other building on the environment and speed points which is identical with building of transportation. So it is expected that through this approach can be generated a redesign concept that can provide first impression for its users


Abstract Objectives: Hypo/reduced activity in motor response inhibition (RI) cerebral networks was recently proposed as a promising specific neurobiological marker of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Before adopting such a pattern as a key diagnosis tool, we aim to replicate in an independent study the mechanisms underlying reduced RI-related activity in ADHD, after controlling for potentially confounding effects. Methods: In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural networks mediating successful and failed motor RI in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC) using the stop-signal task (SST) paradigm. Results: In contrast to hypofrontality predictions, children with ADHD exhibit increased neural activity during successful response inhibition in an RI-related brain network encompassing the indirect and/or hyperdirect pathways between the basal ganglia and cortex. Voxel-based morphometry analyses have further evidenced reduced grey matter volume in the left caudate in children with ADHD, which paralleled higher functional responses. Finally, connectivity analyses disclosed tighter coupling between a set of cortical regions and the right caudate as well as the right IFG, networks involved in successful RI. Conclusions: Hypo/reduced activity in RI cerebral networks in children with ADHD cannot at this time be considered as a systematic biomarker for ADHD.


The management of massively transfused trauma patients has improved with a better understanding of trauma-induced coagulopathy, the limitations of crystalloid infusion, and the implementation of massive transfusion protocols (MTPs), which encompass transfusion management and other patient care needs to mitigate the "lethal triad" of acidosis, hypothermia, and coagulopathy. MTPs are currently changing in the United States and worldwide because of recent data showing that earlier and more aggressive transfusion intervention and resuscitation with blood components that approximate whole blood significantly decrease mortality. In this context, MTPs are a key element of "damage control resuscitation," which is defined as the systematic approach to major trauma that addresses the lethal triad mentioned above. MTPs using adequate volumes of plasma, and thus coagulation factors, improve patient outcome. The ideal amounts of plasma, platelet, cryoprecipitate and other coagulation factors given in MTPs in relationship to the red blood cell transfusion volume are not known precisely, but until prospective, randomized, clinical trials are performed and more clinical data are obtained, current data support a target ratio of plasma:red blood cell:platelet transfusions of 1:1:1. Future prospective clinical trials will allow continued improvement in MTPs and thus in the overall management of patients with trauma.


In this research are shown the results about the study of the influence of manganese in solid solution on the pitting corrosión resistance of austenitic stainless steels, a steel is referred to as 17Cr6Mn5Ni and the UNS S304L steel as benchmarking material. Electrolytic solution containing 0.6M NaCl in three different oxygen concentration were used (aerated, non aerated and naturally aerated). The behavior of each condition was measured through potentiodynamic polarization tests and metallographic examinations. The values of corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting potential (Ep) were determined. The oxygen concentration of the electrolytic solution influenced the Ecorr but not the Ep parameter. Manganese in solid solution benefits the Clions absorption in austenitic stainless steels. Therefore, causes negative effect on pitting corrosion resistance. A mechanism was proposed through the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of compounds (∆G°) data, and through the competitive absorption theory.


This study explored the role of social work in natural disasters by examining the relationship between spirituality and the post traumatic growth of people in
a collectivist culture. In this case, a retrospective study was conducted among people
in Taiwan who had survived a major earthquake five years earlier . The hypothesis
tested was that those who reported higher levels of spirituality would also report
higher levels of post traumatic growth. A concurrent triangulation mixed-methods
design was employed for this study. Six hundred and forty participants completed the
Post traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Twenty-eight others participated in semi-
structured in-depth interviews. Results indicate that, in Taiwan—described here as a
collectivist culture—traditional cultural narratives around suffering and adversity,
many of which are voiced as spiritual beliefs, have a significant effect on post traumatic growth. In this situation, social workers need to work with or support spiritual leaders, folk healers, and indigenous religious organizations, as they provide helping services. Respect for cultural differences may require that social workers primarily act as community organizers or developers, not clinicians focusing on coordination
and development of material resources.


To fully explore exciton-based applications and improve their performance, it is essential to understand the exciton behavior in anisotropic materials. Here, we investigate the optical properties of anisotropic excitons in GeS encapsulated by h-BN using different approaches that combine polarization- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements, ab initio calculations, and effective mass approximation (EMA). Using the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) method, we found that the optical absorption spectra in GeS are significantly affected by the Coulomb interaction included in the BSE method, which shows the importance of excitonic effects besides it exhibits a significant dependence on the direction of polarization, revealing the anisotropic nature of bulk GeS. By combining ab initio calculations and EMA methods, we investigated the quasi-hydrogenic exciton states and oscillator strength (OS) of GeS along the zigzag and armchair axes. We found that the anisotropy induces lifting of the degeneracy and mixing of the excitonic states in GeS, which results in highly non-hydrogenic features. A very good agreement with the experiment is observed.


Hookworm infection caused by the soil-transmitted nematodes Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. Although not directly responsible for substantial mortality, it causes significant morbidity in the form of chronic anemia and protein malnutrition. Current global control efforts based on periodic mass anthelmintic administration are unsustainable, and new control strategies must be developed. This review describes progress in the development of vaccines against hookworm infection, including the preclinical and initial clinical testing of the N. americanus Ancylostoma Secreted Protein-2 Hookworm Vaccine. Plans call for eventual development of a vaccine that will combine at least 2 hookworm antigens--one targeting the larval stage of the life cycle and another targeting the adult worm living in the gastrointestinal tract.