An increasing number of patients with malignant lymphoma are becoming long-term survivors following treatment with chemotherapy (CT) and/or radiotherapy (RT). Therefore, late therapy-related complications are becoming increasingly clear. We present three young patients to illustrate the dire consequences of late-onset cardiotoxicity as sequel to potentially curative treatment. We advise yearly life-long follow-up of CT/RT patients treated with curative intent. Echocardiography should be performed when cardiac murmurs arise. Prevention of further cardiac damage by reducing other cardiac risk factors as well as endocarditis prophylaxis when indicated is recommended.


Objective: To ascertain the incidence of burnout syndrome in Nurses working in Neurological Nursing. Burnout Syndrome (SV) often occurs in Neurological Nursing, where the Nurses are in circumstances associated with suffering and death. Design: For the diagnosis of burnout syndrome we used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Respondents consisted of Nurses n = 120 working at the Neurological Department, in a hospital and ambulances belonging to those wards in Slovakia. Results: In our study, out of n = 120 Nurses working at the Departments of Oncology 50, 83% showed high levels of burnout in their degree of emotional burnout (EE). We found that the age of Nurses has an impact on the formation of burnout syndrome: where the age range was 31-40 years old, 62.16% showed high degrees of burnout in the degree of depersonalization (DP); 64.86% showed a medium degree in the degree of personal satisfaction (PAT). The relation between seniority in Original Articles 37 Original Articles Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention Vol. 7 No. 2 2016 neurological care and burnout syndrome is not confirmed. However the relation between the total length of practice and the degree of burnout is confirmed. Concusions: Based on the findings, the management of Neurological and Oncological Nursing it can be recommended that more focus be placed on programs of preventive measures in the field of burnout among Nurses.


Cerebroside sulfate activator protein (CSAct or saposin B) is one of a group of heat stable, low-molecular-weight proteins that appear to share a common structural motif. These have been referred to as saposin-like proteins and are thought to share a multiple amphipathic helical barrel structure with a conserved pattern of disulfide linkages. Porcine kidney CSAct was prepared in high purity and consisted of three major glycosylated subforms. The protein was studied by physical-chemical methods and evaluated by various methods for structural prediction. All suggest that CSAct has high amounts of alpha-helical conformation and little if any beta-sheet. Circular dichroism (CD) studies indicate 45-50% helical conformation depending on buffer and temperature. There was only a moderate loss in helical content with increasing temperature and no indication of thermal denaturation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements on deuterium hydrated self-films also indicated a predominantly helical structure. Helical axis orientation was investigated by both oriented CD and FTIR dichroism, which suggested that the helical axes were roughly parallel and oriented along the axis of the surface on which the self-films had been deposited. One-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed large chemical shift dispersion, indicating a defined tertiary structure with little variation between 6 and 85 degrees C. NOESY spectra failed to show the strong NOE cross peaks expected for a highly helical conformation. This may indicate short-term conformational flexibility within the helices or molecular aggregation at the high protein concentrations employed. These observations are consistent with the 3-4-helix bundle motif suggested for saposin-like proteins by various predictive algorithms.


Abstract We discuss inverse problem of detection turbulence magnetic field helical properties using radio survey observations statistics. In this paper, we present principal solution which connects magnetic helicity and correlation between Faraday rotation measure and polarization degree of radio synchrotron emission. The effect of depolarization plays the main role in this problem and allows to detect magnetic helicity for certain frequency range of observable radio emission. We show that the proposed method is mainly sensitive to a large-scale magnetic field component.


Background Bile cast nephropathy (BCN) is an underdiagnosed renal complication associated with severe hyperbilirubinemia and is seen in patients with liver failure who have cholestatic complications. BCN-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) can require hemodialysis (HD), and the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is a potentially useful therapeutic option. Case summary A 57-year-old male presented with jaundice persisting for 1 month, with laboratory test results indicative of hyperbilirubinemia and AKI. Abdominal imaging and a biopsy confirmed biliary ductal dilation secondary to a pancreatic head mass. The patient had rapidly progressive renal failure and refractory hyperbilirubinemia, despite biliary decompression, and was started on HD. Subsequent therapy with albumin dialysis therapy using MARS was successful in reversing the AKI, the cessation of HD, and the restoration of native renal function. Conclusion In the setting of BCN-induced AKI, timely initiation of MARS can provide a useful therapeutic strategy to reverse renal dysfunction and facilitate intrinsic renal recovery.


Intelligent personalization systems are becoming increasingly reliant on contextually-relevant devices and services, such as those available within modern IoT deployments. An IoT context may emerge---or become pervasive---when the intelligent system generates knowledge from dialogue-based interactions with the end-user; the context is strengthened even further by incorporating state representations about the environment (e.g., generated from wireless sensor data) into the knowledge graph. This is crucial for pervasive applications like digital assistance in IoT, where context-aware systems need to adapt quickly: activities like leaving work home-bound, driving to the grocery store, arriving at home, and walking the dog, for example, can occur in a relatively short period of time---during which an intelligent assistant must be able to support user requests in a consistent and coherent manner. Given that computational ontologies can serve as semantic models for heterogeneous data, they are becoming increasingly viable for reasoning across different IoT contexts. This involves: (a) federation and dynamic pruning of multiple modular ontologies, ideally, to comprehensively capture only the knowledge that will facilitate execution of a multi-context task; (b) fast consistency-checking and ontology-based inferences, aided by rules-based execution environments that can evaluate/transform ambient wireless sensor network (WSN) data, in real-time; and (c) run-time execution of ontology-based control procedures, through rule-engine actuation commands sent across the WSN. Only by realizing these functionalities may intelligent systems be capable of reasoning over device properties, system states, and user activities, while appropriately delegating commands to other intelligent agents or other relevant IoT services. In this poster, we illustrate how a multi-context knowledge base can be structured on the basis of modular ontologies and integrated with a distributed rules-based inference engine in multiple smart-building environments, in order to enable scalable contextual reasoning for intelligent assistance. Preliminary results are also discussed. This work is conducted through the partnership of Bosch Research Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), and is in partial satisfaction of CMU's Bosch Energy Research Network (BERN) grant, awarded for developments in intelligent building solutions. The approach we describe is also partially based on the Ubiquitous Personal Assistant (UPA) project, Bosch Research's largest research initiative worldwide.


We present a case of folie à deux in immigrants, for whom the process of immigration changed the intrafamilial dependencies. Folie à deux only appeared in the previously dominant member once she became the dependent member. Follow-up showed resolution of the folie à deux with no change in the recent reversal of roles.


The inferior colliculus (IC) occupies a central position in the auditory pathways and integrates ascending and descending information. Neurons of the central nucleus of IC possess laminated dendritic fields which provide a substrate for selective responsiveness to auditory stimuli. The present investigation examines anatomical, immunohistochemical, functional and behavioral indices of recovery following development of graft implants into the IC. Adult and infant (PND 0-9) IC of Long Evans rats were lesioned under nembutal anesthetic (50 mg/kg b.w.) and whole tissue from the E1619 caudal tectum implanted. After 60-270 days animals were processed for one or more procedures. The first experiment involved the study of graft and normal tissues using rapid Golgi stains and Nissl methods to examine the morphology of grafted and normal IC. General connectional information was evaluated using HRP-WGA and diI transport methods. Antibodies to the calcium-binding proteins calbindin and parvalbumin (courtesy of Dr. Kenneth Baimbridge) were applied to normal and unilaterally grafted tissues for reactions using ABC methods. Functional efficacy was studied using tritiated 2deoxyglucose methodology under quiet and white noise stimulus conditions. Behavioral testing involved spatial detection of noise stimuli in grafted, lesioned and control rats. In Golgi material many grafted neurons have dendritic arrays which are relatively flattened along one dimension. Such neurons resemble the discoid class of cells which characterize the normal central nucleus of IC. Other stellate cell populations appear in both graft and control animals. HRP-WGA injections into the target of the IC, the medial geniculate body, result in retrograde labelling of both IC and graft neurons. Neurons with oval or elongate soma and polarized initial dendrites suggest discoidtype cells. Labelled multipolar cells also appear in grafted and normal tissues. Fibers of the lateral lemniscus and brachium of IC, as well as dorsal nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and other neurons, are labelled after diI injections into graft cores. The central nucleus of the control IC stains heavily for parvalbumin including different populations of neurons. However, the central core of IC is almost devoid of labelling for calbindin, in contrast to dorsal and lateral nuclei of IC. Grafted material shows similar staining patterns with the core labelling intensely for parvalbumin, but not for calbindin. Graft margins show more neuronal labelling for calbindin. Metabolic maps show that both quiet control and graft tissues have substantial spontaneous activity at a similar level. Acoustic stimulation ignificantly enhances metabolic activity in both the graft side and intact host side of experimental animals. The activity of host and graft tissues to sound stimulation is not significantly different. Coupled with anatomical and immunohistochemical findings, these results suggest that tectal grafts not only possess certain normal structural and biochemical properties, but also contain cellular elements responsive to sensory stimulation. These results imply that graft tissue is functionally integrated into the auditory system, but the specificity of this connection is not yet determined. The final determinant for graft effects on a neural system involves indices of behavioral recovery. Animals with bilateral lesions of IC show deficits on spatial detection tasks (testing began 7 days after recovery). Grafted animals show significant improvement on spatial detection


The objective of this paper is to correct an error in analyses of quasielastic scattering spectra. The error invokes a valid calculation under conditions in which its primary assumptions are incorrect, which results in misleading interpretations of spectra. Quasielastic scattering from dilute probes yields the incoherent structure factor g((1s))(q, t) = , with q being the magnitude of the scattering vector q and Δx(t) being the probe displacement parallel to q during a time interval t. The error is a claim that g((1s))(q, t) ~ exp (-q(2)<(Δx(t))(2)>∕2) for probes in an arbitrary solution, leading to the incorrect belief that <(Δx(t))(2)> of probes in complex fluids can be inferred from quasielastic scattering. The actual theoretical result refers only to monodisperse probes in simple Newtonian liquids. In general, g((1s))(q, t) is determined by all even moments <(Δx(t))(2n)>, n = 1, 2, 3, ... of the displacement distribution function P(Δx, t). Correspondingly, <(Δx(t))(2)> cannot in general be inferred from g((1s)) (q, t). The theoretical model that ties g((1s))(q, t) to <(Δx(t))(2)> also quantitatively determines exactly how <(Δx(t))(2)>∕2) must behave, namely, <(Δx(t))(2)> must increase linearly with t. If the spectrum is not a single exponential in time, g((1s))(q, t) does not determine <(Δx(t))(2)>.


Plasmas were produced from polymers like polystyrene when excited in air or nitrogen by a Nd : YAG 1064 nm intense pulsed laser, and the dominant emission peaks were in the ultraviolet ranging from about 384 to 389 nm, emitted from CN radicals in the plasmas. The intensity of these ultraviolet emission peaks was found to change approximately with the cube of the pumping laser power, suggesting a three-photon induced emission process.


This article focuses on a reading of an amateur Royal Navy Theatre Association (RNTA) production: Collingwood RSC's open-air Henry V, which took place alongside the iconic HMS Victory housed in Portsmouth Historic Dockyard. The production emerged as part of the Royal Shakespeare Company's Open Stages initiative and this article considers how the RNTA, and this production, became implicated in systems of cultural value implicit not only in Open Stages, but more specifically in the heritage re-development of Portsmouth Historic Dockyard. It argues that this site's promotion of maritime history, naval heritage and cultural tourism can be understood in relation to Laurajane Smith's understanding of authorised heritage discourse and heritage as a cultural performance engaged in the construction of cultural identity, memory and place. After situating Portsmouth Historic Dockyard as a performative environment that stages narratives of nationhood and empire, it considers how Collingwood RSC's Henry V engaged with and became explicitly dominated by these narratives. The article proposes that the insertion of the real in the form of the theatricalized heritage setting, serving navy personnel and the acting out of naval traditions provokes questions about how the blurring of the dramatic and the real, the past and present had a profound impact on the affective economies and ideological ramifications of the production.


The operation and control of Central Heating Plants (CHPs) are important factors in maintaining the readiness of U.S. Army installations. Aging CHPs often experience increased interruptions, maintenance difficulties, and inefficient operation. As fuel costs increase, there is a growing need to take advantage of new, emerging control technologies. Microprocessor-based controls can provide opportunities for increased reliability, enhanced safety, better performance monitoring, and cost reduction. However, upgraded control systems cannot compensate for a boiler in poor mechanical condition. Any proposed control systems upgrade must be preceded by a mechanical assessment of the boiler. These CHP control guidelines can help installation personnel develop budgetary-cost proposals to upgrade gas/oil-fired boiler controls for gas/oil-fired steam or high temperature hot water (HTHW) systems. These general guidelines provide basic information to evaluate the feasibility of upgrading boiler control systems, and a methodology for developing budget proposals. Judgement is required to develop designs for specific unit and site characteristics, boiler safety codes, and local regulatory requirements. These guidelines do not eliminate the need for competent professional engineers to finalize assessments of existing conditions, to develop a plant control system design that meets existing and new requirements, and to evaluate alternative contractor proposals.


Cloud Computing is an emerging concept combining many fields of computing. It provides services, software and processing capacity over the internet. The energy efficiency of the data centers storing this data is one of the biggest issues in data intensive computing. In order to address such issues, we are designing and analyzing a series of energy efficient data aware strategies involving data replication and CPU scheduling. In this paper, we present a new strategy for data replication, called Pseudo Least-Recently-Used (PLRU), and study its performance to determine if it is an energy efficient strategy. We measure the performance of PLRU and existing replica strategies on a small green cluster to study the running time and power consumption of the strategies with and without data backfilling. Results from this study have demonstrated that energy efficient data management can reduce energy consumption without negatively impacting response time.


Within the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model, along with the GEMINI model, the 86Kr+181Ta reaction at 80, 120 and 160 MeV/nucleon and the 78Kr+181Ta reaction at 160 MeV/nucleon are studied, and the production cross sections of the generated fragments are calculated. More inter-mediate and large mass fragments can be produced in the reactions with a large range of impact parameter. The production cross sections of nuclei such as the isotopes of Si and P generally decrease with increasing incident energy. Isotopes near the neutron drip line are produced more in the neutron-rich system 86Kr+181Ta.


The nonrelativistic electronic energy of $\mathrm{Ne}(^{1}S)$ is computed by the variational solution of generalized Bethe-Goldstone (BG) equations. The sum of all two-particle net energy increments (pair correlation energies) is -0.3822 atomic units (a.u.), or 97.3% of the empirical correlation energy. The three- and four-particle net energy terms expected to be most important are computed and found to be smaller than 0.001 a.u. The computed pair correlation energies are analyzed in terms of symmetries induced in the BG equations, and are found to be represented well within the accuracy of the present calculations by the somewhat smaller number of parameters needed to characterize the $L$ and $S$ eigenstates of all possible eight-particle subsystems of the ten-electron Hartree-Fock reference state.


De novo-designed receptor transmembrane domains (TMDs) present opportunities for precise control of cellular receptor functions. We developed a de novo design strategy for generating programmed membrane proteins (proMPs): single-pass α-helical TMDs that self-assemble through computationally defined and crystallographically validated interfaces. We used these proMPs to program specific oligomeric interactions into a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that we expressed in mouse primary T cells and found that both in vitro CAR T cell cytokine release and in vivo antitumor activity scaled linearly with the oligomeric state encoded by the receptor TMD, from monomers up to tetramers. All programmed CARs stimulated substantially lower T cell cytokine release relative to the commonly used CD28 TMD, which we show elevated cytokine release through lateral recruitment of the endogenous T cell costimulatory receptor CD28. Precise design using orthogonal and modular TMDs thus provides a new way to program receptor structure and predictably tune activity for basic or applied synthetic biology.


In Provable data possession scheme the client outsources the data to the remote cloud service provider which is in charge for storing and maintaining the data. Customers can hire the storage infrastructure from the cloud carrier providers to store their data by way of paying  prices. Hence the clients must verify whether the server possesses the original data and must have powerful assurance that the service  provider is storing all of the data copies issued as per the contract. In this process the issues similar to data security, data dynamics, integrity security and multi cloud storage have remained the essential undertaking. The data owner update one of the copies from Cloud Service Provider and the remaining data must be updated by the Cloud Service Provider. By the way Message Authentication Code is also been updated and then the client can send the request and receive the data from the Cloud Service Provider. By using the Secure Hash Algorithm-1 the client can check the integrity of the data, whether it is updated or not. This mechanism will increase the security when compared to the existing process.


This paper presents a micro-controller based wireless digital energy meter to facilitate energy consumption measurement and its corresponding billing scheme. Details of design for the construction of energy meter using (Current transformer, Potential transformer, microcontroller, Atmega 16, LCD, Transmitter, Receiver, and a load). Electricity has become one of the basic requirements of human civilization, being widely used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. At present, the need and demand for electricity requires no special mention. In spite of very well developed sources for electricity, both traditional and alternate versions, there are a lot of problems with distribution, metering and billing of electrical energy and its consumption measurement. The problem worsens further in collecting the meter readings and generating the bill. In this paper, a method of using a wireless digital system for automated transmission of data was utilized to make easy energy consumption measurement and its consequent billing system. If we use this energy meter it will be beneficial for the power energy system. It is very cost effective and effortless to operate.


To study the relationship of osteoporosis, depression and fractures analyzed more than 200 publications, selected for analysis 124. Osteoporosis (OP) and depressive disorder (DD) have several common risk factors. Biological, psychological and psychosocial factors associated with both diseases. The pathogenesis of OP and DD are closely correlated. OP and fractures lead to the development of DD., degrades rehabilitation and reduce adherence to OP therapy. DD in turn is associated with a decrease in BMD and an increase the risk offalls and fractures. Early detection and treatment of DD in patients with OP., as well as detection and treatment of OP in patients with depression should be an integral part of general medical practice.


Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of early or late weaned Nili-Ravi buffalo calves offered feeding regimes of low or high milk volumes. For this purpose, 48-day-old buffalo calves were randomly allocated to four treatments of twelve calves each. Calves were weaned either at day 56 (early weaned) or 84 (late weaned). Within each weaning age calves were offered milk at either 10% (low milk) or 15% (high milk) of their body weight. Early weaned calves were offered milk adjusted weekly until day 35; the calculated milk intake at day 35 was reduced by one-third in each of the last two weeks leading to the weaning of the calves at day 56. Late weaned calves were offered milk, adjusted weekly, until day 63 and weaned at day 84 by decreasing milk by one-third each week for the last two weeks. At week sixteen, late weaned calves had higher body weight and average daily gain than early weaned calves (p < .05). These same measurements were also higher in the high milk than the low milk fed calves (p < .05). Highest body weight and average daily gain was recorded in high milk late weaned calves and poorest in low milk early weaned calves. Early weaning or low milk volumes minimised the feeding costs, however, resulted in lower body weights and average daily gains. Thus, choices of pre-weaning feeding regimen should be made with feeding cost and performance of replacement calves kept in mind.


In this paper an on-demand multipath source routing scheme in mobile ad hoc networks called "split multipath - dynamic source routing" (SMP-DSR) is proposed. The proposed protocol establishes and utilizes multipath maximally disjoint routes in order to improve fault tolerance and to provide load balancing via multipath routing. Based on simulation results, our protocol performs well over a variety of environmental conditions such as host density and movement rates, particularly it achieves a high rate of successful packet delivery in all cases.


Transfer learning (TL) from pretrained deep models is a standard practice in modern medical image classification (MIC). However, what levels of features to be reused are problem-dependent, and uniformly finetuning all layers of pretrained models may be suboptimal. This insight has partly motivated the recent differential TL strategies, such as TransFusion (TF) and layer-wise finetuning (LWFT), which treat the layers in the pretrained models differentially. In this paper, we add one more strategy into this family, called TruncatedTL, which reuses and finetunes appropriate bottom layers and directly discards the remaining layers. This yields not only superior MIC performance but also compact models for efficient inference, compared to other differential TL methods. We validate the performance and model efficiency of TruncatedTL on three MIC tasks covering both 2D and 3D images. For example, on the BIMCV COVID-19 classification dataset, we obtain improved performance with around 1/4 model size and 2/3 inference time compared to the standard full TL model. Code is available at https://github.com/sun-umn/Transfer-Learning-in-Medical-Imaging


This preliminary data report gives basic test results of a flat-plate solar collector whose performance was determined in the NASA-Lewis solar simulator. The collector was tested over ranges of inlet temperatures, fluxes and coolant flow rates. Collector efficienty is correlated in terms of inlet temperature and flux level.


The formation of charged antimony and bismuth oxide clusters in a pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS) has
 been studied with time-of-flight mass spectrometric techniques. We compare series of antimony and bismuth oxide
 cluster anions with their known cationic counterparts. The anionic series (M2O3)nMO2− and (M2O3)nO2−
 have been predicted proceeding from the known cationic series (M2O3)nMO+ and (M2O3)nO+ by adding O2− and have been experimentally established. All these series contain the metal atoms (M = Sb or Bi) in the
 formal oxidation state + 3. However, only in the case of antimony, oxygen rich oxide clusters appear, that can be
 explained with a gradual transition in the oxidation number from + 3 to + 5 of single antimony atoms in the
 cluster. To estimate the influence of the special oxide formation conditions comparative investigations with the PACIS and a laser vaporisation cluster source have been carried out for bismuth oxide cations. The
 similar oxide cluster distributions at comparable oxygen availability display clearly that the special thermodynamical stability of the discussed magic clusters is the significant driving force for their formation.


Nur77, an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays critical roles in inflammation and immunity. However, the role of Nur77 in tumor microenvironment remains elusive. Results showed that deletion of Nur77 strikingly enhanced tumor metastasis compared to WT mice. Additionally, compared to the conditioned media derived from Nur77+/+ peritoneal macrophages (CM1), the conditioned media derived from Nur77-/- peritoneal macrophages (CM2) significantly promoted the EMT of cancer cells, and greatly enhanced the migratory and invasive abilities of cancer cells. Moreover, studies using TNF-α blocking antibody demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was indispensable in supporting CM2-induced EMT to drive cancer cells migration and invasion. Furthermore, we found that Nur77 promoted the expression of CSF-1R, a novel downstream target gene of Nur77, and subsequently enhanced the migration of inflammatory cells. Notably, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tumors of Nur77-/- mice was markedly abrogated compared to Nur77+/+ mice. Collectively, these results revealed that host Nur77 expression was pivotal in antitumor immune response, and in inhibiting tumor metastasis.


This thesis presents the development of the first SQUID-based ac-magnetometer built in a dry dilution fridge. The possibility of expanding the frequency respond from tens of kHz of a commercial magnetometer to the bandwidth of muon-spin relaxation μSR (MHz), an indirect magnetic probe, which measures magnetic dynamics from the depolarisation of fundamental particles, is demonstrated. It opens a new scenario to investigate classical and quantum magnetic fluctuations by a direct probe in a range of frequencies that have an important role in exotic magnetic phases. Geometrical spin ices, frustrated magnets where magnetic excitations can be deconfined forming monopoles are good candidates to investigate. The study of magnetic fluctuations will help to understand the magnetic dynamics of these elementary excitations. Quantum spin liquids, frustrated systems without long-range order but with spins highly correlated that still fluctuate down to zero Kelvin are also interesting systems. The temperature dependence of their quantum fluctuations investigated by μSR have shown a dynamical plateau that might be corroborated by susceptibility measurements. The fabrication of the magnetometer has been combined with μSR investigations of the ground state of NbFe2 and CeRhIn5. The magnetic ground state of the ferromagnetic quantum critical point induced by growing around 1% Nbrich Nb1−yFe2+y is claimed to be reached in this kind of clean itinerant systems by a long–range spin density wave (SDW), although several attempts to identify the ground state by neutron scattering were unsuccessful. The μSR measurements prove that the ground state of the stoichiometric compound is governed by static and short-range correlations or by an incommensurate and helical SDW.
The heavy fermion CeRhIn5 was investigated at ambient pressure due to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and superconducting order in an intermediate region of pressures. The filamentary or bulk nature of the superconducting phase is still until debate and the onset of superconductivity at ambient pressure reported in some works may shed some light into the nature of the ground state. μSR and resistivity measurements were carried out to investigate the antiferromagnetic and helical phase without any signature of a superconducting transition.


This paper examines the TGH. M. Najmuddin Makmun cultural da'wah  in Lombok. TGH. M. Najmuddin Makmun is known as a figure of educators, leaders of the tarekat and  has carried out institutional restoration of da'wah in the Sasak community. Evidenced by 300 majlis taklim and educational institutions, (TK, MTs, SMP, MA, SMA, Tahassus).  This research uses descriptive qualitative with in-depth interview techniques, observation and document utilization. The findings show that the success of his da'wah was caused  the power of cultural da'wah, namely through the traditional, saga or approach  reveal flashbacks of the Sasak ancestral journey and examine historical sites.  While his Sufitik is seen in his works such as,  Tanwir Qulub, Tazkir al-Ghaafilin, Tanbih al-Muslimin, Nurussabah, Menghidupkan Hati, and story Wali Nyato'  which was taught and developed in the midst of Sasak society 40 years ago.


Femtosecond time-resolved, fully resonant electronically enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FREE-CARS) spectroscopy, incorporating a two-color excitation scheme, is used to demonstrate selective and sensitive gas-phase detection of minor species in mixtures and reacting flows.


A timing-free blind multiuser detection technique is proposed for differentially encoded direct-sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) networks. Unlike previously derived blind multiuser detectors, the proposed algorithm does not rely on any information beyond the spreading code of the desired user, namely neither the complex amplitude nor the symbol timing of the signal of interest is assumed to be known to the receiver. The proposed detector structure is immune to cochannel interferers with arbitrarily large powers, and, as computer simulation results show, compares favorably with competing alternatives. Moreover, the proposed detector achieves performance quite close to that of the ideal minimum mean square error (MMSE) multiuser receiver, which requires knowledge of the spreading codes, timing offsets, and received energies for the signals of all active users.


Both estrogen and progesterone influence seizure activity in women with epilepsy, with estrogen generally demonstrating proconvulsant and progesterone anticonvulsant effects. Women with epilepsy exhibit a variety of endocrine disturbances, probably due to a combination of factors, including the epilepsy syndrome and the effect of interictal and ictal epileptic discharges in the brain. The direct effects of some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) further increase this risk, apparently related to a specific drug's effect on hepatic microsomal enzymes of the cytochrome P-450 system. AEDs that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes also interact with hormonal contraception to increase estrogen's metabolism and progesterone's protein binding, decreasing concentrations of both hormones and thus reducing contraceptive efficacy. Some evidence indicates that concurrent use of hormonal contraceptives and lamotrigine significantly decreases the plasma concentration of lamotrigine, suggesting that close monitoring is warranted. Nevertheless, hormonal contraception confers comparable or superior efficacy compared with such other contraceptives as the intrauterine device and barrier methods and remains an appropriate option in women with epilepsy. Importantly, concurrent use of hormonal contraception and AEDs does not adversely affect seizure control. Careful patient management, including the use of increased estrogen doses (≥50 μg) in patients receiving enzyme-inducing AEDs, may further minimize the risk for unintended pregnancy. Special considerations in women of childbearing age include decreased compliance and disease prevention. Although adequate seizure control is the critical requirement of an AED, the potential for interactions with hormonal contraception and the increased risk for endocrine disturbances caused by drugs that alter hepatic microsomal enzymes suggest additional potential advantages for AED treatment that does not affect these enzymes. Both the constellation of physicians treating women with epilepsy and the patients themselves have a poor understanding of the spectrum of reproductive health issues involved, and increased awareness is needed to improve patient management.


The gut epithelium represents a dynamic, well-organized developmental system for examining self-renewal, differentiation, repair, and tumorigenesis. The apical pole of the enterocytes, the brush border, is composed of an array of well-organized actin microfilaments that support the plasma membrane. Villin, one actin-binding protein that contributes to the assembly and dynamics of the microvillus bundle, exhibits special features such as restricted tissue specificity and early expression in the immature crypt cells. The regulatory elements of the villin gene are suitable to control the expression of transgenes in intestinal cells. Engineering genetically modified animals by classic transgenesis using the villin promoter or by gene targeting in the villin locus will allow the establishment of animal models that may recapitulate human intestinal disorders.


Abstract The chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza was characterized. The cp genome length was 163,795 bp in length, with a GC content of 35.3%, containing a large single copy (LSC) of 90,830 bp, a small single copy (SSC) of 20,207 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,379 bp. The genome contained 121 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A phylogenetic analysis using cp genomes of mangroves and ecologically associated species resolved B. gymnorrhiza in Bruguiera with B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala. This complete chloroplast sequence offers a promising tool for further species identification and evolutionary studies of Bruguiera, as well as for mangroves.


An axial fan has competitive advantages that can make air flow more straight and longer and produce larger air volume than the other kinds of fans. In those reasons, axial fans are widely used for ventilator, 4D cinema, duct, and so on. But, as it was designed and manufactured without any mathematical analysis or computer simulations, it is difficult to develop the performance of axial fans. Actually the axial fan is designed and manufactured in industry by imitation or traditional method. Flow velocity and volume of axial fan are changed by pitch angle, frame, the number of blade, camber angle, and chord length. In this paper, the performance of axial fan was analyzed and by computer program known as CFD. Finally, we have designed a new axial fan whose velocity and volume is improved. The performance of new axial fan is also compared with the of conventional fans experimentally.


Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disease with an X-linked inheritance pattern, which presents in childhood as acroparaesthesias. Its non-specific symptoms often lead to delays in the diagnosis. We report the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with typical acroparaesthesia of Fabry disease, his younger brother had gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease and their mother's symptoms suggested that she is a carrier. Enzyme replacement therapy helped in ameliorating the patient's symptoms and preventing complications such as renal failure, stroke and cardiovascular disorders.


Objectives PAK5 is a member of P21-activated kinase (PAK) family, which characterised by a highly conserved amino-terminal Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain and a carboxyl terminal kinase domain. However, the role of PAK5 in apoptosis remains largely unknown. In this study, we constructed pEGFP-C1-PAK5 and established a stably transfected cell line and the effect of PAK5 on cell apoptosis was examined. The results suggest that PAK5 could inhibit the apoptosis induced by staurosporine. Methods A. Materials: All the materials used in this study were listed in Table 1. (B) Designation and synthesis of primer: Primers target to PAK5 gene were designed according to GenBank. Forward primer 5′-GAAGATCTATGTTTGGGAAGAAAAAG-3′ with addition of BglII restriction enzyme recognition site and reverse primer: 5′-CGGAATTCTCAGTGATGCCTGTA TTG-3′ with EcoRI addition of site. (C) Acquisition of PAK5 Coding sequence: We performed RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) using total RNA extracting from People fresh placental tissue. Then we used cDNA library as template and the primers to make PCR. Full-length PAK5 cDNA coding sequence (CDS) was cloned. The length is 2160 bp. (D) Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of PAK5 and DNA sequencing. We used T4 DNA ligase to connect the PCR products and pEGFP-C1 plasmid which had both been cut by restriction enzyme EcoRI/BglII. After transforming it into competent cells E.coli DH5α and screening of kanamycin, we picked the positive cloning colony to extract plasmid DNA and made a 0.8% gel electrophoresis identification after EcoRI/BglII cleavage, sequencing by Sangon Ltd. of Shanghai. (E) Establishment of stably transfected cell line: The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-C1-PAK5 was transfected into hela cells by lipofectamine. Then we cultured the transfected cells by G418 (700 mg/l) for 6 weeks 48 h later and propagated hela cells by limited dilution method. Therefore, a stably transfected cell line named hela-PAK5 was established. (F) MTT: We prepared four parallel groups: a: hela cells, b:hela cells, c:hela-PAK5 cells, d:hela-PAK5 cells. Then we added staurosporine into group b and group d after 24 h cultivating. About 5 h later, we added MTT into each group and got OD values of each group by using Microplate Reader. Results (A) Identification of eukaryotic expression vector. We got two bands by electrophoresis after EcoRI and BglII restriction enzyme cleavage. As showned in Fig 1, a clear band about 2100 bp in agrose gel can be seen as expected according to the gene sequence. The other band is about 4700 bp which is the expression vector pEGFP-C1. It suggests that PAK5 gene was introduced into pEGFP-C1. (B) DNA sequence analysis: After sequencing analysis of recombinant plasmid of pEGFP-C1-PAK5, we confirmed that the inserted fragment was PAK5 gene by BLAST. The result of DNA sequence is showed in figure 2. (C) Application MTT method for hela—pak5 cells survival: The cells with staurosporine compared with the control group are different, and the apoptosis are detected p<0.05). While the hela-PAK5 cells with staurosporine compared with the control group cells are the same. It is shown that the hela-PAK5 cells can resist apoptosis (p>0.05) (figure 3). Conclusions In our study, we constructed the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1-PAK5 successfully and transfected the PAK5 gene stably into hela cells. And the experiment proves that PAK5 gene is vital to cell survival by MTT method. It can be seen from the results that hela cells appear obvious apoptosis after adding staurosporine while hela-PAK5 cells grow well after adding staurosporine. PAK5 plays a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis. P21-activated kinase5 (PAK5) is the recently identified member of the group II. P21-activated kinase (PAK) family which have been known from its structure, function, mitochondrial positioning and the nucleus shuttle. Although the mechanisms are not completely clear, it plays extremely important role in signal transduction pathways. It provides a strong basis for the study of related disease in apoptosis and opens up a new research direction. The construction of eukaryotic expression vector of human PAK5 and establishment of stably transfected cell line have laid a good experimental basis for subsequent experiment. We will continue our experiment from mitochondria positioning and signal transduction pathways for a further research.


Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an infectious agent that causes more than half of the cases of liver disease and cancer in the world. Globally there are around 250 million people chronically infected with this virus. Despite 16% of the cases of liver disease in Central America are caused by HBV, the information regarding its genetic diversity, genotypes and circulation is scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of the HBV genotypes from HBV-DNA positive samples obtained from screening blood donors at the Social Security System of Panama and to estimate its possible origin. From 59,696 blood donors tested for HBV infection during 2010–2012, there were 74 HBV-DNA positive subjects. Analysis of the partial PreS2-S region of 27 sequences shows that 21% of the infections were caused by genotype A, 3% by genotype D and 76% by genotype F. In addition, we were able to confirm circulation of six sub-genotypes A1, A2, A3, D4, F3, F1 and a proposed new sub-genotype denominated F5pan. We found a confinement of sub-genotypes F1 and F5pan to the western area of Panama. The tMRCA analysis suggests a simultaneous circulation of previously described sub-genotypes rather than recent introductions of the Panamanian sub-genotypes in the country. Moreover, these results highlight the need of more intensive research of the HBV strains circulating in the region at the molecular level. In conclusion, Panama has a high HBV genotype diversity that includes a new proposed sub-genotype, an elevated number of PreCore-Core mutations, and confinement of these variants in a specific geographical location.


The pathogenetic endocrine aspects of primary osteoporosis are reviewed on the basis of some physiological remarks. Specifically, postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis represent 2 distinct clinical entities. For both, the last event in the pathogenetic chain is in any case the negative skeletal balance, but the starting point and the development of processes present differently.


Abstract Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides an excellent solution to quantitative assessment and correction of patient set-up errors during radiotherapy. However, most linear accelerators are equipped with conventional therapy tables that can be moved in three translational directions and perform only yaw rotation. Uncorrected roll and pitch result in rotational set-up errors, particularly when the distance from the isocenter to the target border is large. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of rotational errors on the dose delivered to the clinical target volume (CTV), the planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OAR). Material and methods: 30 patients with prostate cancer treated with VMAT technique had daily CBCT scans (840 CBCTs in total) prior to treatment delivery. The rotational errors remaining after on-line correction were retrospectively analysed. The sum plans simulating the dose distribution during the treatment course were calculated for selected patients with significant rotational errors. Results: The dose delivered to the prostate bed CTV reported in the sum plan was not lower than in the original plan for all selected patients. For four patients from the selected group, the D98% for prostate bed PTV was less than 95%. The V47.88Gy for pelvic lymph nodes PTV was less than 98% for two of the selected patients. Conclusions: The analysis of the dosimetric parameters showed that the impact of uncorrected rotations is not clinically significant in terms of the dose delivered to OAR and the dose coverage of CTV. However, the PTV dose coverage is correlated with distance away from the isocenter and is smaller than planned.


BACKGROUND
Brain cancer from metastasized breast cancer has a high mortality rate in women. The treatment of lesions is hampered in large part by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents adequate distribution of anti-cancer compounds to brain metastases.

METHOD
In this study we used a novel screening method to identify candidate molecules that are well-suited to utilizing the BBB choline transporter for distribution into the brain parenchyma.

RESULTS
From our screen we identified two compounds, Ch-1 and Ch-2 that were able to reduce the brain tumor burden in a murine mouse model of brain metastasis of breast cancer. These compounds also significantly increased the survival of mice by more than 10 days. Mechanistic studies indicated that Ch-1 is able to prevent the activation of the pro-survival mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs) by osteoactivin (OA; Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B GPNMB).

CONCLUSION
The results from this study show that nutrient transporter virtual screening is a viable novel alternative to traditional drug screening programs to identify anti-cancer compounds for the treatment of brain cancers.


Growth hormone (GH) gene has been described as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in different farm animals. The present study was designed to identify the polymorphism in GH gene and its association with variation of wool traits in Egyptian sheep breeds. Wool and blood samples were collected from 42 animals including two breeds (Barki and Rahmani) and one crossbred (Rahmani x Awase). Measurements of wool traits were analyzed and involved staple strength (Str), staple length (STL), fiber diameter (FD) and clean fleece yield (CFW). DNA was extracted from blood samples and a 365-bp fragment from exon V was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Single strand conformation polymorphisim (SSCP) analysis showed two conformational patterns. The pattern I was recorded to be more frequent (83.3, 92.86 and 90%) than pattern II (16.7, 7.14 and 10%) in Barki, Rahmani and crossbred, respectively. The sequence analysis showed one single nucleotide polymorphism (C/T). The pattern I (allele T) has been found to affect CFW and FD than pattern II (allele C). Whereas, C allele was more pronounced for Str and STL. These traits are the most important parameters determining commercial values of wool that are preferred for clothing or carpets industry. The nucleotide sequences of C and T alleles were submitted to GenBank and have the accession numbers: KT250511 and KT250512, respectively. In conclusion, the present results provide evidence that there is a single nucleotide polymorphism within GH gene in Egyptian sheep breeds. This mutation was found to have some effects on wool traits. Therefore our data show interesting prospects in future selection programs for improving wool industry. Key words : Sheep, wool, growth hormone (GH) gene, polymorphism, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP).


Ten search engines, Altavista, Excite, Hotbot, Infoseek, Lycos. Magellan, OpenText, WebCrawler, WWWWorm, Yahoo, were evaluated, by means of a questionnaire with 20 items (adding up to a total of 200 questions). The 20 first results for each question were analysed in terms of relevance, and values of precision and recall were computed for the resulting 4000 references. The results are also analyzed in terms of the type of question (boolean or natural language) and topic (specialized vs. general interest). The results showed that Excite, Infoseek and AltaVista performed generally better. The conclusion of this methodological trial was that the method used allows the evaluation of the performance of Information Retrieval Systems in the Web. As for the results, web search engines are not very precise but extremely exhaustive.


A B S T R A C T Soft drink beverages are important part of many people's foods and many prefer soft drink to water when they have dinner. Therefore, this business model can be considered as the longest lasting sector for many years and there has been not much change in these products. However, new methods of advertisement play important role for increasing market share. In this paper, we study the impact of new methods of advertisement in product development. The proposed study of this paper designs a questionnaire for one of Iranian soft drink producers, which consisted of 274 questions in Likert scale and uses factor analysis (FA) to analyze the results. The study selects 250 people who live in city of Tehran, Iran and Cronbach alpha has been calculated as 0.88, which is well above the minimum desirable limit. According to our results, there were six important factors impacting in product development, including modern advertisement techniques, emotional impact, strategy of market leadership, pricing strategy, product life chain and supply entity. The most important factor loading in these six components include impact of social values, persuading unaware and uninformed customers, ability to monopolizing in production, improving pricing techniques, product life cycle and negative impact of high advertisement.


Residual limb volume fluctuation and the resulting contact pressures are some of the key factors leading to skin ulcerations, suboptimal prosthetic functioning, pain, and diminishing quality of life of transtibial amputees. Self-management of socket fit is complicated by peripheral neuropathy, reducing the perception of pressure and pain in the residual limb. We introduce a novel proof-of-concept for a transtibial prosthetic socket liner with the potential to dynamically adjust the fit between the limb and socket. The core of the technology is a small air microfluidic chip (10 cm3 and 10 g) with 10 on-chip valves that enable sequential pressurizing of 10 actuators in custom sizes to match the pressures required by the residual limb's unique anatomy. The microfluidic chip largely reduced the number of electromechanical solenoid valves needed for sequential control of 10 actuators (2 instead of 10 valves), resulting in the reduction of the required power, size, mass, and cost of the control box toward an affordable and wearable prosthetic socket. Proof-of-concept testing demonstrated that the applied pressures can be varied in the desired sequence and to redistribute pressure. Future work will focus on integrating the system with biofidelic prosthetic sockets and residual limb models to investigate the ability to redistribute pressure away from pressure-sensitive regions (e.g., fibular head) to pressure tolerant areas. Overall, the dynamic prosthesis socket liner is very encouraging for creating a dynamic socket fit system that can be seamlessly integrated with existing socket fabrication methods for managing residual limb volume fluctuations and contact pressure.


A medical language processing system called SymText, two other automated methods, and a lay person were compared against an internal medicine resident for their ability to identify pneumonia related concepts on chest x-ray reports. Sensitivity (recall), specificity, and positive predictive value (precision) are reported with respect to an independent panel of physicians. Overall the performance of SymText was similar to the physician and superior to the other methods. The automatic encoding of pneumonia concepts will support clinical research, decision making, computerized clinical protocols, and quality assurance in a radiology department.


With a large percentage of American churches in decline, church revitalization in the 21st Century must be addressed with intentionality and focus.  Five critical issues demand attention: •    Refocusing Pastoral Leadership and Longevity •    Reevaluating Change Process •    Raising Ministry Excellence •    Reintroducing Strategy Development •    Redefining Purpose Within Community Context The Doctor of Ministry degree impacts each of these critical issues.


The main objective of this article is to develop a theoretical model for information retrieval. By utilizing more complete statistical information, a generalized binary probabilistic independence model is proposed. Earlier probabilistic independence models are shown to be special cases of the new model. A quadratic discriminant function is obtained, which can be reduced to the linear discriminant functions of the conventional probabilistic models.


Obesity is a common and complex health problem, which impacts crucial organs; it is also considered an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease [1]. Few studies have analyzed the consequence of obesity in the renal proximal convoluted tubules, the major section of the reabsorptive process. To best perform its functions, the kidney requires energy primarily provided by mitochondria. Melatonin, indoleamine and antioxidant, has been identified in mitochondria, and overwhelming evidence has documented its essential role in the prevention of oxidative mitochondrial damage [2]. Herein, we evaluated the mechanism(s) of mitochondrial alterations in an animal model of obesity (ob/ob mice) and describe the beneficial effects of melatonin treatment on mitochondria morphology and dynamics as influenced by mitofusin- 2 and the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Melatonin was dissolved in 1% ethanol and added to the drinking water from postnatal week 5 to 13; the calculated dose of melatonin intake was 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Compared to control mice, obesity-induced morphological alterations were apparent in the proximal tubules; the tubules contained round mitochondria with irregular, short cristae and the lining cells excited and elevated apoptotic index. Melatonin supplementation in obese mice changed mitochondria shape and cristae organization of proximal tubules, enhanced mitofusin-2 expression, which in turn modulated the progression of the mitochondria- driven intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The results aid in reducing renal failure. The melatonin-mediated changes probably suggest the use of melatonin to protect against renal morphological damage and dysfunction during metabolic disease.


CO2 photoreduction into hydrocarbon fuels is a promising strategy in closing the carbon cycle to realize a sustainable energy economy. Among the many photocatalysts that have been developed thus far, porous graphitic carbon nitride (gC6N6) has emerged as a potential photocatalyst candidate in view of its unique optoelectronic properties, metal-free nature and two-dimensional versatile structure that can be easily modified. In this work, the enhancement of equivalent stoichiometry carbon nitride (gC6N6) through single transition metal atom modification was systematically studied from first principles density functional theory calculations. The formation energy calculations revealed that incorporating single Co, Cu, Ni or Pd atom into gC6N6 is energetically favorable, with the exception of Pt. The computed density of states plot indicates that a greater degree of hybridization of the transition metal atom d-orbitals with the p-orbitals of O atom from CO2 will lead to stronger adsorption interaction. The optical absorption spectra show that Cu, Pd, and Pt promotes greater light absorption by extending the optical absorption to the NIR region. The presence of additional dopant states near the Fermi surface was found to have affected the optical absorption. The band structures of the Co,Cu,Pd,Pt@gC6N6 show bandgap narrowing due to the shifting of conduction band edge closer to the Fermi level. Contrastingly, Ni@gC6N6 exhibits bandgap narrowing through the shifting of the valence band edge to the Fermi level. The band edge positions suggest that anchoring gC6N6 with single Co, Cu, Ni, Pd and Pt atom dopants possesses the capability to reduce CO2 into C1 products. Among all the transition metals studied, Pd@gC6N6 and Cu@gC6N6 are identified as the most promising single-atom photocatalysts for CO2 reduction due to their energetically favorable formation energy, stable CO2 adsorption configuration, narrow bandgap, low charge carrier recombination, extended light absorption range and suitable band edge positions.


Background: Rhizomes of Curcuma comosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) have been widely used traditionally to alleviate abnormal painful uterine symptoms. This study aims to investigate subacute toxicological effects of a C. comosa ethanolic extract (CCE) in female rats. Effects of the extract on the activities of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2B2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A were also investigated. Methods: Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The extract was given orally to female rats at doses of 0, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 30 days. At the end of the treatment, blood samples were collected by heart puncture and were measured for hematology and blood chemistry parameters. Microsomes were prepared from livers for enzyme assays. Results: CCE at all dosages used in this study had no effects on the parameters of hematology and blood chemistry. Only serum alkaline phosphatase and potassium levels were significantly increased in the animals receiving the extract at 500 mg/kg/day. In addition, CCE did not change hepatic total CYP content and the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A. However the activities of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2B2 were significantly increased following administration of CCE at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. Conclusions : Results from this study indicated that CCE does not cause serious toxicities to many important rat organs/systems. In addition, this study provides information regarding the possibility of herb-drug interactions and the increased risks from any bioactivation reactions of the drugs or compounds that are metabolized or bioactivated via CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2B2.


In this paper, we discuss the electromechanical force densities associated with pulsed electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous, linear media with conductive losses, in the context of a process of shaping metal objects. We show that the conductivity and the gradients in permittivity and in permeability lead to volume forces, while jump discontinuities in permittivity and permeability lead to surface forces. These electromagnetic forces are assumed to act as volume (body) source densities in the elastodynamic equations and as surface source densities in the corresponding boundary conditions that govern the elastic motion of deformable matter. As an example, we apply the theory to the calculation of the elastic field in a hollow cylindrical object made of a conducting magnetic or nonmagnetic material. We compare the numerical results with those for the classical theory of elasticity with concentrated forces on the boundaries of the material as the source of the elastodynamic field.


In this paper, we extend some estimates of the left hand side of a Hermite- Hadamard type inequality for nonconvex functions whose derivatives absolute values are preinvex and log-preinvex.


We discuss design of a pulsed linac based on 430 independently phased superconducting resonators for acceleration of 40 mA peak current H-minus beam up to 8-GeV. Most of the voltage gain (from ~420 MeV to 8 GeV) is provided by ILC cavities and squeezed ILC-style cavities operating at 1300 MHz. Significant cost savings are expected from the use of an rf power fan out from high-power klystrons to multiple cavities. The front end of the linac operating at 325 MHz will be based on spoke loaded cavities. A room temperature section comprised of a conventional RFQ and 16 short normal-conducting Htype resonators is proposed for the initial acceleration of an H-minus or proton beam up to 10 MeV. We have developed an accelerator lattice which satisfies the beam physics and engineering specifications.


India is mostly an agriculture based country, agricultures main aim is to develop  India's economy and also the main backbone of our country.  India holds second  place  in the farm production. Almost 43percent of  geographical land  had been occupied by the  agriculture sector. But  for the past several years the agriculture development is  immobile. Eventhough agriculture has many benefits in improved farming techniques the production rate  is not equitable. The main reason for this is there is no  well formed models about farming and  guidance for the farmers are not given properly. Banana tree acts as an major fruit crop of many tropical and subtropical regions of India.it is the earliest  and regular fruit known to the humankind. It is one of the important fruits, and establish second largest fruit industry in India. Neglected to these problems, farming affects the yield of banana and absense of knowledge about the banana cultivation methodologies. And also to choose best  season to cultivate the banana and selecting the best soil to cultivate the specific banana based on the weather condition and also when to harvest the banana for the supreme yield. If the farmer is familiar about the banana cultivation methodologies and harvesting it will  be more helpful for the people in the real world and also helps in  increase the banana productivity. Data mining is the process of abstraction or deriving of datas  from large amount of  data sets, this technology which is in use in inferring knowledge that can be put to use from a vast amount of data. Climate, soil and temperature are the meteorological data that is well-to-do by important knowledge.


Significance Despite the ample progress made towards faster and more accurate Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tools over the past decade, the limited usability and accessibility of these advanced modeling tools remain key barriers towards widespread use among the broad user community. Aim An open-source, high-performance, web-based MC simulator that builds upon modern cloud computing architectures is highly desirable to deliver state-of-the-art MC simulations and hardware acceleration to general users without the need for special hardware installation and optimization. Approach We have developed a configuration-free, in-browser 3-D MC simulation platform – MCX Cloud – built upon an array of robust and modern technologies, including a Docker Swarm-based cloud-computing backend and a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) that supports in-browser 3-D visualization, asynchronous data communication, and automatic data validation via JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) schemas. Results The front-end of the MCX Cloud platform offers an intuitive simulation design, fast 3-D data rendering, and convenient simulation sharing. The Docker Swarm container orchestration backend is highly scalable and can support high-demand GPU MC simulations using Monte Carlo eXtreme (MCX) over a dynamically expandable virtual cluster. Conclusion MCX Cloud makes fast, scalable, and feature-rich MC simulations readily available to all biophotonics researchers without overhead. It is fully open-source and can be freely accessed at http://mcx.space/cloud.


A systematic investigation of the impact of spermidine analogues both in vitro and in vivo is described. The study characterizes the effects of these analogues on L1210 cell growth, polyamine pools, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, the maintenance of cellular charge, i.e., cationic equivalence associated with the polyamines and their analogues, and compares their ability to compete with spermidine for transport. The findings clearly demonstrate that the activity of the linear polyamine analogues is highly dependent on the length of the triamines and the size of the N(alpha),N(omega)-substituents. It appears that there is an optimum chain length for various activities and that the larger the N(alpha),N(omega)-alkyls, the less active the compound. Metabolic transformation including N-dealkylation of these compounds is also evaluated. While there is no monotonic relationship between chain length and the ability of the analogue to be metabolized, the dipropyl triamines are clearly more actively catabolized than the corresponding methyl and ethyl systems. A comparison of the triamines with the corresponding tetraamines is made throughout the text regarding both in vitro activity against L1210 cells and in vivo toxicity measurements, suggesting that several triamine analogues may offer therapeutic advantages over the corresponding tetraamines.


Introduction Internalizing disorders (IDs), e.g., major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are the most prevalent psychopathologies experienced worldwide. Current first-line therapies (i.e., pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy) offer high failure rates, limited accessibility, and substantial side-effects. Electroencephalography (EEG) guided closed-loop brain training, also known as EEG-neurofeedback (EEG-NFB), is believed to be a safe and effective alternative, however, there is much debate in the field regarding the existence of specificity [i.e., clinical effects specific to the modulation of the targeted EEG variable(s)]. This review was undertaken to determine if there is evidence for EEG-NFB specificity in the treatment of IDs. Methods We considered only randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trials. Outcomes of interest included self/parent/teacher reports and clinician ratings of ID-related symptomatology. Results Of the four reports (total participant number = 152) meeting our eligibility criteria, three had point estimates suggesting small to moderate effect sizes favoring genuine therapy over sham, however, due to small sample sizes, all 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were wide and spanned the null. The fourth trial had yet to post results as of the submission date of this review. The limited overall number of eligible reports (and participants), large degree of inter-trial heterogeneity, and restricted span of ID populations with published/posted outcome data (i.e., PTSD and OCD) precluded a quantitative synthesis. Discussion The current literature suggests that EEG-NFB may induce specific effects in the treatment of some forms of IDs, however, the evidence is very limited. Ultimately, more randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trials encompassing a wider array of ID populations are needed to determine the existence and, if present, degree of EEG-NFB specificity in the treatment of IDs. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42020159702].


We tend to forget that today's super-sized power plant designs began life as small prototypes that grew in size only as fast as technology and economics allowed. Arizona Public Service, a long-time leader in solar energy development, has invested in the development of one such technology that is compatible with the sunny Southwest and certain to become more cost-competitive in the near future. This successful demonstration of a 1-MW concentrated solar power, trough-style energy system is the first to have put power on the grid since 1988. But it certainly won't be the last.


Objectives: To analyze follow-up CTs of patients recovering from COVID-19 in Wuhan, focusing on fibrotic change and its relevant risk factors. Methods: From January 13 to February 27, 2020, 166 hospitalized patients meeting our criteria were included. The scores of fibrotic patterns on follow-up CT were evaluated. Patients were designated as group 1 (with CT evidence of fibrotic pattern) and group 2 (without CT evidence of fibrotic pattern). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore risk factors for fibrotic change in patients with COVID-19. Results: The follow-up CTs were obtained on 56 days (median, IQR 51–63 days) after symptom onset. Of the 166 patients (mean age, 57 ± 15 years; 69/166 male), 46% (76/166) had CT evidence of fibrotic change and 77% (127/166) were severe or critical cases. Among patients with fibrotic change on CT, 84% (64/76) got a minimal or mild score of fibrosis. The high total score on peak CT, peak eosinophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and advancing age were related to lung fibrotic change in patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Forty six percentages of patients (mainly severe or critical cases) with COVID-19 showed fibrotic change on follow-up CT at early recovery phase, while the extent of fibrosis was not large. The advancing age, high total score on peak CT, peak eosinophils and ESR were associated with fibrotic change depicted by CT in patients recovering from COVID-19. An extended follow up by CT imaging and pulmonary function testing is necessary to fully assess the sequela of COVID-19.


Introduction. Recurrent disease is the major cause of treatment failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with AML. Second SCT (SCT2) is a valid treatment option in this setting but outcome is relatively poor. Haplo-identical (haplo) SCT is increasingly used over the last decade due to the introduction of non T-depleted methods. Prior studies have shown similar outcome when using the same or different HLA-matched donor for SCT2. However, there is relatively limited data on the use of haplo-donors.
 Methods and Results. The study included 556 patients with AML relapsing after a first allogeneic SCT (SCT1) given in CR1 from an HLA-matched sibling (sib, n= 294) or a matched unrelated donor (MUD, n=262) and given SCT2 during the years 2006-2016. The median age at SCT2 was 46 years (20-73). 247 patients were in CR2 (44%) and 309 had active leukemia (55%) at the time of SCT2. The conditioning regimen was myeloablative (MAC, 66%) or reduced-intensity (RIC, 34%) for SCT1, and 41% and 59%, respectively for SCT2. 19% of all patients had acute GVHD grade II-IV and 20% had chronic GVHD after SCT1 and before relapse. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the donor selected for SCT2; 1) same donor (n=163, sib/sib-112, MUD/MUD-51), 2) different HLA-matched donor (n=305, sib/different sib-44, sib/MUD-93, MUD/ different MUD- 168), 3) haplo-donor (n=88, sib/haplo-45, MUD/haplo-43). All haploSCT were non T-depleted. There were some differences between the 3 groups in the timing of relapse and SCT2. The median time from SCT1 to relapse was similar; 10.6, 12.5 and 9.3 months, respectively (P=0.14). However, the median time from relapse to SCT2 was shorter for the same donor group; 2.8, 3.7 and 3.5 months, respectively (P<0.001) and the median time between SCT1 and SCT2 was longer for the different donor group; 14.3, 17.5 and 13.8 months, respectively (P=0.03). There were no difference between the groups in patient age, gender, disease status at SCT2 or conditioning regimen intensity for SCT1 or SCT2. The 2-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) after SCT2 was 23.5%, 23.7% and 21.8%, respectively (unadjusted P=0.30). Multivariate analysis of factors predicting relapse after SCT2 showed no effect of the second donor type, hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (P=0.83) and 1.20 (P=0.47) for different matched donor and haplo-donor compared to the same donor, respectively. MUD donor in SCT1, CR2 compared to active disease and chronic GVHD after SCT1 were associated with reduced relapse risk after SCT2, HR 0.70 (P=0.02), 0.60 (P=0.001) and 0.66 (P=0.03), respectively. Age, gender, conditioning regimen used for SCT1 or SCT2 and time to first relapse or to SCT2 did not predict relapse rate after SCT2. The second donor type did predict for non-relapse mortality (NRM) after SCT2; HR 1.26 (P=0.41) and 2.18 (P=0.02) for different matched donor and haplo-donor compared to same donor, respectively. Advanced age and MAC in SCT1 also predicted for NRM, HR 1.40 (P<0.001) and 0.61 (P=0.04), respectively. The second donor also predicted for LFS after SCT2; HR 1.05 (P=0.77) and 1.55 (P=0.03), respectively. Advanced age and SCT2 in CR2 also predicted for LFS; HR 1.11 (P=0.06) and 0.66 (P=0.002), respectively. In all, there were no differences between same or different matched donors in SCT2 outcomes, but haploSCT2 was associated with higher NRM and lower LFS. Significant interaction was detected between second donor type and conditioning for SCT1. The inferior outcome after SCT2 with a haplo-donor was limited to patients given MAC in SCT1. In this setting it was associated with higher relapse and NRM rates and lower LFS, HR 1.86 (P=0.05), 3.40 (P=0.005) and 2.25 (P=0.001), respectively. However, there was no difference in any of these outcomes in patients given RIC in SCT1. Unadjusted analysis showed that in patients with no chronic GVHD after SCT1, haploSCT2 was associated with lower LFS, due to higher NRM. However, LFS was similar in patients with prior chronic GVHD. Multivariate analysis was not feasible due to low patient numbers.
 Conclusions. Second SCT with the same donor or different matched donor is associated with similar outcomes in patients with relapsed AML after a first SCT. However, SCT2 with a haplo-donor is associated with higher NRM and lower LFS, mostly in patients given MAC in SCT1. Prior chronic GVHD after SCT1 is associated with lower relapse rate after SCT2. The role of prior chronic GVHD in donor selection should be further investigated.

 Finke: Medac: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel grants, Research Funding; Neovii: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel grants, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel grants, Research Funding; Riemser: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Gramatzki:Affimed: Research Funding. Stelljes:Novartis: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; JAZZ: Honoraria; MSD: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Stoelzel:Neovii: Speakers Bureau. Mohty:MaaT Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria.


Tetrachloroethene causes renal tumors in male rats after inhalation exposure. Tetrachloroethene is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 and by glutathione conjugation. Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation results in the formation of trichloroacetyl chloride, which may acylate cellular nucleophiles; glutathione conjugation results in the formation of S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)glutathione, which is metabolized to the corresponding cysteine S-conjugate. S-(1,2,2-Trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine is activated by renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase to give dichlorothioketene. Covalent binding of this electrophile is presumably responsible for the renal toxicity of tetrachloroethene. In this report, we demonstrate the formation of protein adducts formed from tetrachloroethene using SDS-PAGE and immunochemical detection with rabbit anti-trifluoroacetyl serum. This serum recognizes dichloroacetylated rabbit serum albumin prepared by chemical modification of rabbit serum albumin with S-ethyl dichlorothioacetate and exhibited a high specificity for N epsilon-(dichloroacetyl)-L-lysine residues in proteins as shown by competitive ELISA. In the liver of [14C]tetrachloroethene-treated rats, the antibody recognized several modified proteins in microsomes. A protein adduct in rat liver identified by GC/MS after hydrolysis was N epsilon-(trichloroacetyl)-L-lysine. Western blots of renal fractions from rats treated with [14C]tetrachloroethene (200 mg/kg) or S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (40 mumol/kg, iv) suggested the presence of modified mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins; no modified proteins were detected in microsomes. Proteins of identical molecular weight were modified by tetrachloroethene and by S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is reported to induce interindividually variable tonic ocular torsion (OT) and superimposed torsional nystagmus. It has been proposed that the tonic component results from the activation of otolith afferents. We tested our hypothesis that both the tonic and the phasic OT are mainly due to semicircular canal (SCC) stimulation by examining whether the OT patterns elicited by GVS can be reproduced by pure SCC stimulations. Using videooculography we measured the OT of six healthy subjects while two different stimuli with a duration of 20 s were applied: 1) transmastoidal GVS steps of 2 mA with the head in a pitched nose-down position and 2) angular head rotations around a combined roll-yaw axis parallel to the gravity vector with the head in the same position. The stimulation profile was individually scaled to match the nystagmus properties from GVS and consisted of a sustained velocity step of 4-12 degrees /s on which a velocity ramp of 0.67-2 degrees /s(2) was superimposed. Since blinks were reported to induce transient torsional eye movements, the subjects were also asked to blink once 10 s after stimulus onset. Analysis of torsional eye movements under both conditions revealed no significant differences. Thus we conclude that both the tonic and the phasic OT responses to GVS can be reproduced by pure rotational stimulations and that the OT-related effects of GVS on SCC afferents are similar to natural stimulations at small amplitudes.


Article history: Received: 21.04.2014. Received in revised form: 02.07.2014. Accepted: 14.07.2014. Due to the high amount of carbon and diffusible hydrogen, high-strength wear-resistant steel NM360, which is widely used on excavating machinery, always tends to develop cold crack after welding. Heat affected zone (HAZ) is the weakest part in a welding joint and is the most probable location for the generation of welding cold crack. In this paper, the effects of preheating temperature and heat input on welding cold crack sensitivity of NM360 steel have been studied by using implant tests. It is found that the preheating temperature and interlayer temperature during CO2 arc welding of NM360 steel should be 100 °C or 125 °C to prevent the occurrence of welding cold crack. The critical rupture stress and rupture time under high stress can be improved significantly with a high enough preheating temperature. However, heat input increase has little effect on critical rupture stress. Fracture analysis after performing implant test s indicates that the fracture in HAZ is typical hydrogeninduced cracking under high stress (≥ σcr). In addition, NM360 steel in HAZ has an intercrystalline quasi-cleavage fracture mode. The area ratio of brittle fracture is increased by increasing test stress.


Murine leprosy is a natural disease of the mouse, the most popular model animal used in biomedical research; the disease is caused by Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM), a successful parasite of macrophages. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that MLM survives within macrophages because it highly resists the toxic effects of the reactive oxygen intermediaries produced by these cells in response to infection by the microorganism. MLM cells were incubated in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)–H2O2–halide for several periods of time. The peroxidative effect of this system was investigated by assessing the changes occurred in (a) lipid composition; (b) viability; and (c) infectivity of the microorganism. Changes in the lipid composition of peroxidated‐ vs. intact‐MLM were analysed by thin layer chromatography. The effect of the peroxidative system on the viability and infectivity of MLM was measured by the alamar blue reduction assay and by its ability to produce an infection in the mouse, respectively. Peroxidation of MLM produced drastic changes in the lipid envelope of the microorganism, killed the bacteria and abolished their ability to produce an in vivo infection in the mouse. In vitro, MLM is highly susceptible to the noxious effects of the HRPO–H2O2–halide system. Although the lipid envelope of MLM might protect the microorganism from the peroxidative substances produced at 'physiological' concentrations in vivo, the success of MLM as a parasite of macrophages might rather obey for other reasons. The ability of MLM to enter macrophages without triggering these cells' oxidative response and the lack of granular MPO in mature macrophages might better explain its success as an intracellular parasite of these cells.


Purpose: Infertility due to ovarian failure that is caused by antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents is one of the primary problems of female cancer patients who are in their reproductive years. It has become important to preserve the reproductive potential of female cancer patients. This study was conducted to determine whether autotransplantation of frozen ovaries can restore reproductive potential. Methods: This study included 30 female mice that had normal reproductive potential. The mice were divided into 4 groups: the positive control, the negative control, the comparison group, and the experimental group. The positive control group received right total oophorectomy, and the negative control group received bilateral total oophorectomy. Greater than or equal to 90% of the left ovary was removed in the mice of the comparison group, and then cyclophosphamide was administered. In the experimental group, the right ovary taken out by right total oophorectomy, and this was crypreserved using the vitrification method. And then cyclophosphamide was administered. The cryopreserved ovary was autotransplanted to the left gonadal fat pad after greater than or equal to 90% of the left ovary was removed. The reproductive performance in each group was analyzed according to the pregnancy rate after mating. Results: In the positive control group, all five mice became pregnant, and the number of fetuses was 4 to 5 (mean= 4.60±0.55). In the comparison group, the pregnancy rate was 50%, and the mean number of fetuses was 1.40±0.55. In the experimental group, 7 of 10 (70%) mice became pregnant, and the mean number of fetuses was 4.71±2.56. There was no significant difference in the number of fetuses between the positive control and the experimental group (p=0.093), but there was a significant difference in the number of fetuses between the comparison group and the experimental group (p=0.019). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that autotransplantation of frozen ovaries using the vitrification method may restore the impaired ovarian function induced by antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents.


Scatterometers are remote sensing radars designed to measure near-surface winds over the ocean. The difficulties of accommodating traditional fan-beam scatterometers on spacecraft has lead to the development of a scanning pencil-beam instrument known as SeaWinds. SeaWinds will be part of the Japanese Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) to be launched in 1999. To analyze the performance of the SeaWinds design, a new expression for the measurement accuracy of a pencil-beam system is required. In this paper the authors derive a general expression for the backscatter measurement accuracy for a pencil-beam scatterometer which includes the effects of transmit signal modulation with simple power detection. Both separate and simultaneous signal+noise and noise-only measurements are considered. The utility of the new expression for scatterometer design tradeoffs is demonstrated using a simplified geometry. A separate paper, ibid., 1997, describes detailed tradeoffs made to develop the SeaWinds design.


This chapter introduces a number of topics which should be useful for the succeeding chapters. Antenna gain, radiated power and transmission loss are commonly used terms when describing systems, but the precision given by the internationally agreed definitions of these terms is necessary if ambiguity is to be avoided. System performance is governed not only by the transmission loss, under some stated conditions, but also by the variability of the signal in time or space, which can then be described in statistical terms, and by the level of background signals either broadband noise or interfering transmissions. The statistical probability distributions in common use are introduced, and the benefits of diversity reception are outlined. The types of radio noise are described together with the ways in which noise power from a number of sources may be combined for use in performance prediction.


In 2020, the government of Uganda reported investigating 214 incidents of human trafficking involving 154 suspects; of these incidents, 118 were internal, 93 transnationals, and three unknowns. This was a decrease compared with investigating 252 incidents (19 internal and 222 transnational) in 2019. This article examines how human trafficking and exploitation impacts on young girls from developing countries using Akachi Dimora Ezeig's novel; 'Trafficked' and Apio Eunice Otuku's 'Zura Maids'. Using content analysis, the study engages critical discourse of postcolonial tenets understand the creation of inferiority complex, identity crisis, and cultural erosion among the colonized. As a result of social justice principle of "otherness", which is a binary opposition between "I/We" and "Them", the study packages the problem neatly, but offers few solutions for Africa, whilst condemning human trafficking and exploitation as a heinous act on humanity.


Knowledge discovery is one of the vital fields which strongly supports decision making by applying different techniques based on the targeted field and the required information. Focusing on clustering and classification techniques, this paper presents an approach for adapting one of the classification algorithms for supporting decision making procedure in radiology data analysis field. The proposed adaptation is based on dividing the analysis problem by data partitioning and individually examining against each cluster, with applying the classification algorithm in a parallel approach. The proposed approach has proved to produce higher results accuracy with minimization of time when compared with the traditional ID3.


Osteoporosis is a bone disorder characterised by low bone mass and an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.
Diagnostic categories of osteoporosis and osteopenia (a less severe form of osteoporosis) have been defined on the basis of bone
mineral density measurements (BMD). The relation between BMD and fracture risk is a continuum; the lower the BMD the greater the
risk. Only 20% to 30% of women and men with fragility fractures have osteoporosis. A much larger number of those with fragility
fractures have osteopenia. The risk of a fragility fracture depends on many factors in addition to BMD including age and propensity to
falls. The assessment of fracture risk should be based on clinical risk factors combined with BMD measurements rather than on a fixed
level of BMD and expressed as the absolute risk of fracture. With increasing fracture risk dietary supplements of calcium and vitamin
D, exercise and measures to prevent falls are of increasing importance. Pharmacological therapy is indicated in those assessed to be
at high fracture risk. A tool for the 5 and 10 year assessment of the absolute fracture risk based on clinical risk factors together with
BMD is being developed by the World Health Organization. This tool should enable appropriate treatment to be targeted to women
and men at increased fracture risk and the term osteopenia to be dropped.


The research objective was to determine the occurrence of indigenous yeasts from napa cabbage ( Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ) wastes that potential in ethanol fermenting activity at stress condition such high concentration of glucose and ethanol. Indigenous yeasts were isolated from 1 g napa cabbage wastes and identified with RapID Yeasts Plus System. Glucose and ethanol tolerance was assessed by growing yeasts in modified Nutrient Broth/NB (Oxoid Ltd.) added with 10%, 20%, and 30% of glucose monohydrates or 10%, 15%, and 20% of ethanol concentration and measuring the optical density (OD) every 24 h until 72 h. The best isolates tested to ferment napa cabbage wastes were mixed with water (1:1.5) then the ethanol contents analyzed by dichromate oxidation method. Results showed that there are two potential ethanol-fermenting indigenous yeasts isolated from napa cabbage wastes which identified as Hanseniaspora guilliermondii and Candida krusei . Both yeasts have the ability to survive at 30% of glucose concentration until 72 h incubation, though the highest growth was reached at 10% of glucose concentrations for 24 h incubation. The yeasts growth in high ethanol concentration tends to decrease after 48 h for C. krusei and 24 h for H. guilliermondii . The highest ethanol production from napa cabbage fermentation showed that mixed culture (1:1) of C. krusei and H. guilliermondii with 1.43% ethanol contents for 24 h incubation.


Cancer deaths are primarily caused by distant metastases, rather than by primary tumor growth; however, the role of smoking in metastasis remains unclear. We demonstrated previously that endothelial cell platelet-activating factor (PAF) production results in enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment to the lung. We propose that endothelial cell PAF accumulation plays a role in cancer cell migration to distal locations. We used cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to inhibit the activity of endothelial cell PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), which hydrolyzes and inactivates PAF, and determined whether this results in increased endothelial cell PAF accumulation and breast cancer adherence. Incubation of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) with CSE resulted in a significant inhibition of PAF-AH activity that was accompanied by increased PAF production and adherence of highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Pretreatment of HMVEC-L with (S)-bromoenol lactone to inhibit calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β, which initiates endothelial cell PAF production) prior to CSE exposure resulted in complete inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell adherence. Similarly, pretreatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with the PAF receptor antagonist Ginkgo biloba resulted in inhibition of adherence to the endothelium. Immunoblot analysis indicated an increase in MDA-MB-231 cell PAF receptor expression with CSE exposure. Taken together, our data indicate that CSE exposure increases endothelial cell PAF production, resulting in enhanced adherence of tumor cells to the endothelium. Our in vitro data indicate that increased tumor cell adherence would lead to enhanced metastasis formation in smokers. Potential therapeutic targets include endothelial cell iPLA2β or the tumor cell PAF receptor.


A new wrist actometer was used to obtain ambulatory activity-rest recordings in 18 patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and in 22 control subjects. A movement index (MI) and a fragmentation index (FI) during sleep time were computed, giving an estimate of the stability of sleep. In control subjects, we observed a clear differentiation between night and day activity levels. The distribution of MI and FI was very narrow, with a mean +/- SD of 13.9 +/- 5.4 and 16.1 +/- 5.8%. No correlation of MI and FI with body mass index, even in heavily obese subjects, was found; MI and FI decrease significantly with age. A diagnosis of SAS was made by standard all-night polysomnography. Patients with SAS had a significantly higher MI and FI than did control subjects (p less than 0.001). With respect to polysomnographic diagnosis of SAS, the sensitivity of activity recordings was 89%, whereas the specificity was 95%. Five patients were studied after treatment, and decreases in MI and FI at home were in good agreement with the improvement in their sleep as assessed clinically and by polysomnography. We conclude that this technique is useful for an objective measurement of sleep restlessness and fragmentation, and for a simple evaluation of therapeutic effects under real life conditions in SAS.


The article discusses conceptual blending theory which integrates concepts and contributes to inferential reasoning. The axes of similarity of inputs from two domains and distance between domains of language use and knowledge from the inputs are mentioned. Research related to how conceptual blending theory works is noted. Topics include how blending theory can be used to develop and support novel theory, spotlight counterfactuals in thought experiments, and causal relations between action and consequence.


Papaya, an important fruit crop in Kenya is commercially propagated through seeds which lead to production of non-true-to-types plants. Conventional vegetative propagation methods are not carried out, hence, the need for micropropagation for mass multiplication of selected lines. An assessment for the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l combined with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l and a control on shoot multiplication and elongations, and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mg/l on root induction were evaluated. Number of shoots and their length were recorded every three weeks for 12 weeks. Number of roots, root length and percentage rooting induction were recorded after eight weeks. The highest number of shoots was recorded in 0.5 mg/l BAP combined with 0.1 mg/l NAA and the longest shoots were recorded in 0.1 mg/l BAP combined with 0.05 mg/l NAA across the three lines. IBA at 2.5 mg/l produced the highest number of roots, root length and highest percentage of rooting induction. An in vitro regeneration of selected papaya lines through shoot tip culture was established.


This study investigates how PE teachers' in Sweden works with how to make their education gender equal. The study parts from a feministic poststructuralistic theory and approaches the gender awareness of the teachers and how this affects their teaching and it s content. To fulfill its purpose the study is based on the questions;How is the gender awareness among the teachers? How does the teachers work to achieve a gender equal education?For the data collecting process semistructured qualitative interviews has ben used as method. Five PE teachers were interviewed, 3 women and 2 men, in the ages between 35 - 60 whom are active in the elementary and upper secondary school sector.The results shows that the grade of gender awareness among the teachers vary and that the women in general tend to be more gender aware than the men. The men declares themselves as being pretty gender aware och does not experience any particular differences between the sexes when in the sports hall. The effect of this is that none of the men is given much, if any, reflection about the gender equality while planning and executing their lessons. The women on the other hand, especially the younger ones, have a high level of gender awareness. This is shown by that they continuously evaluate them selves, and their approach towards their students and they continue to strive to evolve and always improve in the subject.All interviewed teachers has in common that they find the work towards a gender equal teaching challenging and that none of them has had much, if any, education in gender studies in their university studies.Keywords: Gender. Physical education and health. Feminsim. Poststructural feminist theory. Pedagogy.


counseling while 6 (19%) patients received diet counseling. 83 % of female patients were either obese or overweight. Of all the overweight or obese female patients, only 3 (10%) received diet and exercise counseling while 6 (20%) received diet counseling. Conclusion: Th ere is a disturbingly low level of obesity recognition and counseling in primary care. Th is appears to be a problem regardless of patient gender. Measures should be taken to improve obesity recognition and management. Th ese may include healthcare provider education programs as well as system interventions such as electronic records with mandatory BMI calculation which could fl ag of the problem for the clinician to recognize and address accordingly.


Mixed-model assembly lines are used to produce many different products without carrying large inventories. The effective utilization of these lines requires that a schedule for assembling the different products be determined. For Just-In-Time JIT production systems, which require producing only the necessary products in the necessary quantities at the necessary times, the objective is to keep a constant rate of usage of all parts used by the line. This is called levelling or balancing the schedule. This paper develops a theoretical basis for scheduling these systems, and presents new scheduling algorithms and heuristics.