The primary function of axle shaft in semi float rear axle is to transmit the power to wheels. These shafts would experience the torsional load along with bending load as well. Hence shaft metallurgical structure at case & core would become very important. The objective of this study is to understand the importance of normalizing heat treatment process carried out at post forging treatment. Bench test Performance study conducted by comparing the normalized shaft Vs nonnormalized shaft. Ultimate torsion test, torsional impact test & shaft side impact test conducted on both the shafts. The ultimate torsion test result shows JAEL of normalized shaft is 5106Nm & non normalized shaft is 4718Nm. The drop is 7.6%. The torsional impact test shows peak torque of normalizing shaft is 9384Nm & non normalizing shaft is 8386Nm. The drop is 10.6%. The side impact test shows impact energy of normalized shaft is 2903 Jouls & non normalized shaft is 2321Joule. The drop is 20%. The fractography shows ductile fracture in normalized shafts & nonnormalized shaft shows brittle. This is evident by complete fracture (breakage) in non- normalized shaft & bend in (not broken) normalized shaft. Micro structural comparison shows the grain size in normalized shaft is finer but non- normalized shafts are coarser. During the impact test, the fracture occurs by sudden heavy load applied on part surface, causes the tremendous shock load in the shaft. As a result microcracks generates at multiple points & propagates through the grain boundary. This phenomenon reduces fracture toughness characteristics & hastens the dislocation movements. Normalized shaft having finer grain size, shows sufficient ductility before final fracture but non normalized shaft do shows brittle nature due to coarser grain size. Relatively non normalized shaft shows lesser ability to absorb impact energy, JAEL torque & peak torque. The coarser grain size is easing the fracture in non- normalized shaft.


The next generation wireless networks (NGWN) should cater the varied requirements of the user and applications. The Call admission Control (CAC) is one of the radio resource management (RRM) technique used in the wireless networks. Unlike the CAC in homogeneous wireless networks the CAC in next generation wireless networks is very complex. In the next generation heterogeneous wireless networks, a user with a multi-interface terminal may have network access to different service providers using various technologies. This makes call admission control a challenging task where single criteria based CAC algorithms may not be able handle the decision making process efficiently, to address the heterogeneous architectures which characterize next generation wireless network, it is apparent that the call admission control algorithms should be based on multiple criteria. Various approaches have been proposed to solve the call admission control decision problem using multi criteria decision making (MCDM). This article provides a comprehensive survey of the different approaches for Call admission control using multi criteria decision making (MCDM) for incoming calls in heterogeneous wireless networks. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.


The notes here presented are of the modifications introduced in the application of WKB method. The problems of two- and three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential are revisited by WKB and the new formulation of quantization rule respectively. It is found that the energy spectrum of the radial harmonic oscillator, which is reproduced exactly by the standard WKB method with the hanger modification, is also reproduced exactly without the hanger modification via the new quantization rule approach. An alternative way to obtain the non-integral Maslov index for three-dimensional harmonic oscillator is proposed.


ABSTRACT The impact of public participants in data analysis has been reported, but there is little research on public involvement of analysis of naturally occurring interactional data. Four video recordings of clinicians from out of hours primary care services visiting care home residents with dementia were analysed in data sessions involving 12 people with dementia, seven carers, and two Alzheimer's Society group facilitators. Participants were able to apply conversation analysis practices in their observations of the data, grounding their comments in the transcripts and video recordings. They also provided contextual insights, comments on how to improve communication, and application to their own personal experience. The data sessions allowed reflection on what public involvement can add to interaction analysis, how to enable people with dementia to have a voice in research, and how best to balance the power between researchers and public contributors.


Increasing complexity of embedded systems brings a big challenge for designers to satisfy requirements for both high-performance and programmability. Automatic multi-threaded code generation facilitates MPSoC-based programming greatly. Apart from the savings on programming effort, system performance is also an important issue to be considered during code generation process. As thread communication is quite frequent in multi-threaded code, system performance will be improved by reducing communication cost. Communication pipeline technique applies distributed memory server for parallel execution between message passing and functional tasks, to reduce the cost caused by communication between different processors. The technique can be applied directly to communicating threads in acyclic topologies. To maximise its application, we also provide a solution to apply the technique to cyclic topologies with allocable delay units. Furthermore, we introduce a scheduling strategy for local threads to improve communication efficiency and processor usage. Experimental results demonstrate the performance improvements with the proposed techniques.


The genus Geobacillus is comprised of a diverse group of spore-forming Gram-positive thermophilic bacterial species and is well known for both its ecological diversity and as a source of novel thermostable enzymes. Although the mechanisms underlying the thermophilicity of the organism and the thermostability of its macromolecules are reasonably well understood, relatively little is known of the evolutionary mechanisms, which underlie the structural and functional properties of members of this genus. In this study, we have compared 29 Geobacillus genomes, with a specific focus on the elements, which comprise the conserved core and flexible genomes. Based on comparisons of conserved core and flexible genomes, we present evidence of habitat delineation with specific Geobacillus genomes linked to specific niches. Our analysis revealed that Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus share a high proportion of genes. Moreover, the results strongly suggest that horizontal gene transfer is a major factor deriving the evolution of Geobacillus from Bacillus, with genetic contributions from other phylogenetically distant taxa.


Background
Previously we reported the use of a monoclonal antibody-based (HP10) antigen (Ag) detection lateral flow assay (LFA) for the diagnosis of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis (EP-NCC). The assay performed well when used with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples but not with their paired serum samples, due to false-positive reactions in some known negative control cases.

Methods
Our novel modification involves pretreatment of serum samples using a combination of sodium deoxycholate and dithiothreitol.

Results
The modification overcomes the problem of false positives when using negative serum samples from clinically characterized cases of EP-NCC and bovine cysticercosis. In general, there was good agreement between HP10 Ag enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the HP10 Ag-LFA, but the HP10 Ag-ELISA was marginally more sensitive than the modified HP10 Ag-LFA.

Conclusions
The modified HP10 Ag-LFA provides a field test for the rapid identification of endemic human and bovine cysticercosis.


Theories and studies about the psychological processes of midlife propose a transition that may result in a more integrated personality structure throughout the second half of life. This more integrated structure includes concepts such as generativity, self-assertion, and independence. However, this structure, especially in early middle-age, can be affected by a life-threatening health disruption such as heart disease. One hundred and fifty-five women participated in a cross-sectional survey designed to investigate depression in early middle age, midlife, and elderly women who had undergone heart surgery. Women aged 40–55 years composed the early middle-age group, women aged 56–65 years composed the midlife age group, and women aged 66+ years were identified as the elderly age group. Affective components of depression were measured by asking participants to respond to three items regarding frequency of sadness, depression, and "the blues." Affective depression scores were summed and a mean score derived. Mean scores significantly differed by age group (F [2, 152] = 3.05, p =. 05). Older women in the study fared better than their younger counterparts in terms of depression scores after a major cardiac health disruption. Post hoc comparisons indicated that mean scores for the early middle-age participants were significantly higher than for the midlife and older participants. Depression in the context of a cardiac health disruption appears to be linked to the developmental stage of a woman's life trajectory on which it is superimposed.


Narendranath Bhattacharya, later known as M. N. Roy, was in his youth a devoted revolutionary and lieutenant to a famous Bengali revolutionary leader, Jatin Mukherjee. A description of the revolutionary career of Roy is useful and appropriate for several reasons. First, Roy is one of the few revolutionary Bengalis about whom interesting data is available. Second, Roy followed a pattern oft-repeated among Bengali political workers during the twentieth century: from terrorist and insurrectionary activity to Communism and then open Congress work. Third, both the data collected about Roy and some of his own writings give graphic pictures of two important features of Bengali revolutionary politics: the dal or faction and the dādā or leader of such a group.


The high availability of handheld devices with Bluetooth technology allows users to be located with sufficient precision for offering context-sensitive services. The authors present the design and implementation of a scalable architecture for indoor positioning based on Bluetooth sensors. Distance from sensors is estimated using inquiry reports issued at different cyclic power levels, while a centralised positioning system collects data sent through an ad hoc network formed by the sensors themselves.


This research investigates the influence that gender, single-sex and co-educational schooling can have on students' mathematics education in second-level Irish classrooms. Although gender differences in mathematics education have been the subject of research for many years, recent results from PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) show that there are still marked differences between the achievement and attitude of male and female students in Irish mathematics classrooms. This paper examines the influence of gender in more detail and also investigates the impact of single-sex or co-educational schooling. This is a follow on study which further analyses data collected by the authors when they designed a pedagogical framework and used this to develop, implement and evaluate a teaching intervention in four second-level Irish schools. The aim of this pedagogical framework was to promote student interest in the topic of algebra through effective teaching of the domain. This paper further analyses the quantitative data collected and investigates whether there were differences in students' enjoyment and achievement scores based on their gender and whether they attended single-sex or co-educational schools.


Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography, blood filling patterns of the right atrium and left and right ventricles in constrictive pericarditis were studied to evaluate the physiological role of the pericardium in the hemodynamics of this disease. Thirteen cases were examined including five cases with atrial fibrillation. The control subjects consisted of 16 healthy persons and six cases of lone atrial fibrillation. 1. Peak velocity of the atrial filling wave during ventricular systole was reduced, and the filling time was shortened, suggesting reduced compliance and restricted motion of the atrial wall, because of the thickening and adhesions of the pericardium. Duration of the atrial filling wave during ventricular diastole was also shortened, reflecting disturbance of the early diastolic filling of the right ventricle. 2. In healthy subjects, duration of the rapid filling wave was longer in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle, probably due to the greater compliance of the right ventricular wall as compared to that of the left ventricular wall. In constrictive pericarditis, the rapid filling time of the right ventricle is shortened, so that the difference in this time between the right and left ventricles is minimized, which may be related to a thinner right ventricular wall. Duration of the rapid filling wave of the right ventricle correlated with right ventricular end-diastolic pressure, indicating that the duration of the right ventricular rapid filling wave is proportional to the severity of constrictive pericarditis. In conclusion, constriction of the pericardium definitely influences the hemodynamics of the right side of the heart more than it does the left side in constrictive pericarditis. This difference appears to result from the difference in thickness of the myocardial layers of both ventricles.


Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD) is a well-described clinicopathologic entity that tends to occur in older persons. A recently described syndrome, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), occurring predominantly in young homosexual men, shows considerable clinical overlap with AILD. We studied two cases clinically typical of AIDS in which lymph node biopsies revealed AILD.


OBJECTIVE
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a key cytokine linked to the pathogenesis of acute arthritis. Caspase 1, neutrophil elastase, and chymase all process proIL-1beta to its biologically active form. This study was undertaken to examine the potential contributions of each of these proteases in experimental models of inflammatory arthritis.

METHODS
Caspase 1-deficient (Casp1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were tested for their response to arthritogenic K/BxN serum transfer for induction of arthritis or injection of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals for induction of peritonitis. All mice were prophylactically treated with inhibitors of neutrophil elastase or chymase. Arthritic paws were tested for the presence of IL-1beta protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Neutrophils and mast cells from WT and mutant mice were tested for their ability to secrete IL-1beta after in vitro stimulation, in the presence of protease inhibitors.

RESULTS
Casp1-/- and WT mice developed paw swelling to the same extent in the K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis model. MSU crystal injection into Casp1-/- mice also resulted in neutrophil influx and production of measurable peritoneal IL-1beta protein. Both of these responses were attenuated with neutrophil elastase inhibitors. K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis was also reduced by treatment with a chymase inhibitor. Casp1-/- neutrophils and mast cells, when exposed to MSU crystals, secreted similar amounts of IL-1beta protein upon in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, albeit at lower levels than that secreted by WT cells. Elastase and chymase inhibitors reduced the amount of IL-1beta released by these cells.

CONCLUSION
The production of IL-1beta by neutrophils and mast cells is not exclusively dependent on caspase 1, and other proteases can compensate for the loss of caspase 1 in vivo. These pathways might therefore compromise the caspase 1-targeted therapies in neutrophil-predominant arthritis.


Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is a major regulator of cell polarity. Acting in conjunction with Par6, Par3 and the small GTPase Cdc42, aPKC becomes asymmetrically localised and drives the polarisation of cells. aPKC activity is crucial for its own asymmetric localisation, suggesting a hitherto unknown feedback mechanism contributing to polarisation. Here we show in C. elegans zygotes that the feedback relies on CDC-42 phosphorylation at serine 71 by aPKC, which in turn results in aPKC dissociation from CDC-42. The dissociated aPKC then associates with PAR-3 clusters, which are transported anteriorly by actomyosin-based cortical flow. Moreover, the turnover of aPKC-mediated CDC-42 phosphorylation regulates the organisation of the actomyosin cortex that drives aPKC asymmetry. Given the widespread role of aPKC and Cdc42 in cell polarity, this form of self-regulation of aPKC may be vital for the robust polarisation of many cell types. Key findings/graphical abstract – aPKC-mediated phosphorylation of CDC-42 on serine 71 dissociates aPKC from CDC-42 – Dissociation of aPKC from CDC-42 promotes the anterior membrane localisation of aPKC with PAR-3 – CDC-42 phosphorylation prevents the anterior membrane enrichment of CDC-42 – Phosphorylated CDC-42 is enriched at actomyosin foci and induces their disorganisation


Introduction/Background Surgery is the cornerstone of ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor (GCT). Complete resection with adequate staging is the gold standard in 1st line setting. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of an appropriate surgery according to the guidelines. Methodology This is a nationwide five-year retrospective study, including 463 patients (of the 639 included patients) with a definitive diagnosis of GCT between 2011 and 2016. Medical and surgical practices were analyzed for conformity. Conformity to guidelines was defined by a conservative (unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) or radical surgery (hysteretomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) including surgical staging (omentectomy, peritoneal biopsy and peritoneal cytology) according to the FIGO classification. Results Median age at diagnosis was 49 years old (range 10–89). The median size of tumor was 94 mm (range 5–400). Radical surgery was performed in 240 patients (51,8%), while a fertility-sparing surgery was performed in 98 cases (21,2%). A complete surgical staging was performed in only 76 cases (16,4%). 289 (62.4%) patients received an evaluation of the endometrium (hysterectomy or endometrial curettage). Surgery was fully compliant with the guidelines in 65 patients (14%), partially compliant in 213 patients (46%), non-compliant in 137 patients (29,6%) and not assessable in 48 cases (10,4%) respectively. A statistically significant improvement in the surgical management was observed among patients treated after 2012 compared to those treated before 2012. This Improvement included: endometrial evaluation (p=0,026), tumour rupture rate during surgery (p=0,010) and the global compliance of the surgery (p<0,001). Survival data will be reported. Conclusion Staging surgery provides a better assessment and an appropriate treatment of this rare tumors. According to this study, the implementation of a national network and guidelines dedicated to rare gynaecologic tumors seems to significantly improve the surgical management of the patients with GCT. Disclosure Nothing to disclose. Abstract EP1225 Figure 1 Progression free survival compared to the surgical conformity Abstract EP1225 Figure 2 Overall survival compared to the surgical conformity


Research into stranger sexual homicide remains limited as is our understanding of this crime, and this can hinder criminal investigations and the assessment and management of offenders. This study aims to address this. Using data gathered by various British police forces, this study presents a descriptive profile of adult male-on-female stranger sexual homicide in Great Britain in recent years. Along with demographic and occupational data on offenders and victims, the criminal histories of offenders are illustrated as are their offense behaviors. The results are discussed in light of similar research, and future directions and implications are considered.


This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three surfaces derived from the Acasia plant - specifically, dry powder (DAM), hot activated carbon (HAC), and acid activated carbon (AAC) - in removing safranin dye from aqueous solutions. The experiment examined various parameters, including time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature, to determine their impact on safranin adsorption by the prepared surfaces. Results indicated that adsorption uptake increased with initial concentration but decreased with temperature, while pH remained relatively constant. The experiment data was then analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models, with the Freundlich model proving to be the best fit for the equilibrium data. The pseudo-second-order equation was found applicable, and the negative ΔG values at 25°C suggested the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) were calculated and explained based on the adsorbate's chemical structure.


Two new species included in Chusquea subg. Swallenochloa, C. fruticosa and C. imbricata, are here described and illustrated, and comments on their morphology, conservation status and distribution are provided. Reproductive structures of Chusquea caparaoensis, a species of this subgenus previously known only vegetatively, are described for the first time. Chusquea caparaoensis is here emended and illustrated, and comments about its morphology, conservation status and distribution are provided. Revised keys are provided based on vegetative and vegetative plus reproductive characters for the Brazilian species of C. subg. Swallenochloa.


Expression of latent membrane protein-1 of Epstein-Barr virus is documented in Hodgkin lymphoma indicating its relationship in disease process. A total of 50 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma were analyzed for latent membrane protein-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. The mean age was 28.7 years with male predominance. Mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma was the commonest subtype (50% cases). Out of 50 cases, 48% cases were found positive for latent membrane protein. Of the five histologic subtypes, all cases of lymphocyte depleted classical Hodgkin lymphoma showed positivity which was followed by 60% positivity of mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Association of latent membrane protein-1 expression in relation to different age group, site of involvement and subtypes of Hodgkin lymphoma were found statistically insignificant while latent membrane protein-1 expression was significantly higher in male than female.


Abstract Changes to the community of symbiotic bacteria and fungi in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, were measured at different times after exposure to conidial suspensions of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Roszypal. Over all concentrations tested, bacterial species associated with N. lugens comprised 8 phyla, 17 classes, 22 orders, 26 families, and 31 genera of which the relative proportions of Arsenophonus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Bacteroides were highest. The relative abundance and diversity of bacteria were highest in the carrier control (0.05% Tween-80 only). Fungi comprised 1 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 13 families, and 18 genera, with Metarhizium being the dominant taxon in specimens from all treatment groups. Metarhizium spp. was greatest in the concentrations of 107 and 108 conidia/ml at 72 hours after exposure, reaching 94.82% and 93.74% of taxonomic units, respectively. We deduced that M. flavoviride competes for nutrition with midgut microorganisms; therefore, exposure to a pathogenic fungus will change the abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal microorganisms in the midguts of hosts, and pathogens will impact the structure of bacterial communities in the host midgut with an alteration in the bacterial species composition. We observed that following the exposure of N. lugens to M. flavoviride, Metarhizium spp. dominated in the midgut of the host, the abundance and diversity of midgut fungal microorganisms decreased, and the dominant bacterial species in the midgut shifted.


Activation of the hedgehog pathway is reported in lung cancer, but its frequency remains unknown. We examine activation of this pathway in lung cancers by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemstry, and find that less than 10% of the tumors have elevated hedgehog target gene expression. We further identify a cell line NCI-H209 and two primary tumors with no detectable Su(Fu), a negative regulator of the pathway. Ectopic expression of Su(Fu) in NCI-H209 cells down-regulates hedgehog target gene expression and leads to inhibition of cell proliferation. These data indicate that activation of the hedgehog pathway is activated through Shh over-expression or Su(Fu) inactivation in only a subset of lung cancers. q 2005 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.


Objective: To do a comparative analysis of salivary levels LDH, amylase, total protein, CYFRA 21-1 and CA19-9 in oral SCC, PML and healthy individuals. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Oncology, Women Medical College Abbottabad. Period: January 2021 to January 2022. Material & Methods: In a total of 200 patients. Study participants were divided into three groups. Group I (n=90) had cases diagnosed with oral SCC, Group II (n=60) cases with PML and Group III (n=50) had healthy controls. Saliva samples of patients with PML and SCC were collected before they were administered definitive therapy. ELISA was used for evaluation of CA19-9 and CYFRA 21-1, while standard kit method was used for evaluation of amylase, LDH and total protein level. Results: There was statistically significant association between oral lesions and alcohol (P=.0005), smoking (P=.0001) and tobacco chewing (P=.0005). In Group I, most common site of lesion was buccal mucosa (47%), while in Group II tongue (35%) was most commonly affected. 33.3% patients with SCC had lymphadenopathy. Level of total proteins, LDH and CYFRA 21-1 were higher, while amylase was lower in Group I and II compared to Group III. Level of CA19-9 was not significantly different in three study groups. ROC analysis showed that CYFRA21-1 had greater chance of identifying oral malignancies (P=.0001). Conclusion: The outcome shows that the concurrent evaluation of salivary biomarkers can help in early detection of malignancy.


Abstract : P16 and the melanocortin 1 receptor genes are two important melanoma predisposition genes. We hypothesize that coinheritance of certain germline mutations in p16 and MC1R RHC alleles synergistically sensitizes melanocytes to the damaging effects of UV , and thus increases the chance for malignant transformation to melanoma, by inhibiting autophagy and senescence, and increasing oxidative stress by activating NFB. Our present results using melanocyte cultures from donors heterozygous for a p16 mutation, with or without co-expression of a MC1R non-functional allele, did not differ markedly from melanocytes wild type for p16 and MC1R, or heterozygous for a non-functional MC1R variant in their proliferation capacity, repair of DNA photoproducts, growth arrest, and generation of hydrogen peroxide following a single acute UV exposure. Our results suggest that expression of one functional p16 and MC1R allele is sufficient for maintaining melanocyte homeostasis. We will investigate the response of mutant melanocytes to chronic UV exposure, which might overwhelm their compensatory mechanisms and drive their malignant transformation. These studies are particularly relevant to military personnel with family history of melanoma or a prior melanoma, who are deployed in areas with excessive sun exposure, and should improve melanoma risk assessment based on p16 and MC1R genotypes.


A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterial strain isolated from the rhizosphere of Zea mays was studied to determine its detailed taxonomic position. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity comparisons, strain JJ-64T was shown to be a member of the genus Paenibacillus, most closely related to the type strains of Paenibacillus silagei (99 %) and Paenibacillus borealis (97.5 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all other Paenibacillus species was ≤97.5 %. DNA-DNA hybridization values to the type strains of P. silagei and P. borealis were 51 % (reciprocal 25 %) and 31 % (reciprocal 37 %), respectively. The presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan, the major quinone MK-7 and the polyamine pattern with spermidine as the major component were well in line with the characteristics of the genus Paenibacillus. Furthermore, the polar lipid profile of strain JJ-64T with the predominant lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and two unidentified aminophospholipids reflected the close phylogenetic relatedness to P. silagei. Major fatty acids were iso- and anteiso-branched components. Physiological and biochemical characteristics allowed the further phenotypic differentiation of strain JJ-64T from the most closely related species. Thus, strain JJ-64T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus rhizoplanae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JJ-64T (=LMG 29875T=CCM 8725T).


Trait-based approaches are increasingly gaining importance in community ecology, as a way of finding general rules for the mechanisms driving changes in community structure and function under the influence of perturbations. Frameworks for life-history strategies have been successfully applied to describe changes in plant and animal communities upon disturbance. To evaluate their applicability to complex bacterial communities, we operated replicated wastewater treatment bioreactors for 35 days and subjected them to eight different disturbance frequencies of a toxic pollutant (3-chloroaniline), starting with a mixed inoculum from a full-scale treatment plant. Relevant ecosystem functions were tracked and microbial communities assessed through metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Combining a series of ordination, statistical and network analysis methods, we associated different life-history strategies with microbial communities across the disturbance range. These strategies were evaluated using tradeoffs in community function and genotypic potential, and changes in bacterial genus composition. We further compared our findings with other ecological studies and adopted a semi-quantitative CSR (competitors, ruderals, stress-tolerants) classification. The framework reduces complex datasets of microbial traits, functions, and taxa into ecologically meaningful components to help understand the system response to disturbance, and hence represents a promising tool for managing microbial communities. Originality-Significance Statement This study establishes, for the first time, CSR life-history strategies in the context of bacterial communities. This framework is explained using community aggregated traits in an environment other than soil, also a first, using a combination of ordination methods, network analysis, and genotypic information from shotgun metagenomics and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.


CLIPPERS (Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids) is a rare inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, during which the pons of the brain is damaged. This disease was described for the first time in 2010 by S.J. Pittock et.al. At present, there have been around 50 described cases of the disease. Up to the present moment, there are difficulties diagnosing this disease. In the article, a literature review and three clinical cases are presented. Furthermore, the necessity of further research is shown for improving the accuracy and specificity of the diagnostic criteria, as well as for defining biomarkers and developing algorithms of effective therapy.


Nasal route is found to be valuable for targeting drugs to CNS via a different mechanism. The advantages, disadvantages, various aspects of nasal anatomy and physiology, mechanism of drug transport from nose brain, drug selection criteria to cross BBB/Blood-CSF barrier are discussed briefly. Nowadays many drugs have better systemic bioavailability through nasal route as compared to oral administration. In addition, intranasal drug delivery enables dose reduction, rapid attainment of therapeutic blood levels, quicker onset of pharmacological activity, and fewer side effects. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site. One such approach is using microemulsion as a carrier for the drug. The main purpose of this study is the use of microemulsion technology in drug targeting to the brain along with mechanism of the nose to brain transport, formulation and formation of the microemulsion and its characterization.


Charities today are faced with the difficult task of attracting more individual donors than ever before. Yet knowledge about how to influence an individual's intention to donate is limited (Bennett & Savani, 2003). It is recognized that many factors influence an individual's donation behaviour, but it is not clear how these factors work together to cause specific donation behaviour. This thesis proposes a model to address this gap in the donation behaviour literature. It also recommends the use of engagement, rather than commitment, to define donor association. Finally, it develops and tests a donor engagement scale that allows for donor categorization based on varying engagement levels. Data was gathered from a sample of 221 respondents and analyzed using factor analysis and latent class analysis. This scale has obvious practical implications for non profit organizations as it can assist them in their fundraising efforts. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Background: Breast cancer risk is related to endogenous lifetime steroid hormone exposure. The local production of steroid hormones in the breast is a stable contributor to the hormonal environment. Several risk marker proteins have been identified in nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) in unaffected contralateral breast or in high-risk subjects as indicators of changes in breast on oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase), inflammation (C-reactive protein and YKL40), protease activity (cathepsin D) and growth factors (bFGF). However, it is not clear whether the alteration of protein markers is related to the local steroid hormone synthesis and metabolism in the breast. In the study, we studied the correlation between protein markers and both systematic (serum) and local (NAF) abundance of hormones. Methods: NAF and blood samples were obtained from normal breast of 54 healthy women and from unaffected breast of 60 breast cancer patients. The 114 subjects consisted of 48 women in premenopausal, 54 in postmenopausal and 12 in perimenopausal. The abundance of five protein markers (SOD1, CRP, YKL40, CatD and bFGF) was measured using ELISA. The NAF concentration of estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), progesterone (P4), andostenedione (A4), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrostrerone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), and the serum concentration of E2, E1, P4, A4, T, DHEA and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured using ELISA or RIA. The correlation between protein markers and hormones were examined using Spearman's rank correlation test with Bonferroni adjusted p < 0.05 as statistical significant. Results: The correlation among the protein markers showed that SOD1 was significantly correlated with CRP (r=0.276, p=0.033) and catD (r=0.340, p=0.0036). bFGF was significantly correlated with CRP (r=0.343, p=0.0021), indicating these proteins may be affected each other in the breast. The relationship between protein markers and hormones indicated that protein markers did not have much correlation with serum hormones, except bFGF was negatively correlated with serum T level (r=−0.339, p=0.017). In contrast, protein markers showed stronger correlation with multiple estradiol precursors in NAF. Specifically, SOD1 correlated with DHEA (r=0.333, P=0.019) and DHEAS (r=0.372, p=0.0030). YKL40 correlated with NAF T level (r=0.389, p=0.0012). CatD correlated with NAF DHEAS (r=0.400, p=0.0014). bFGF negatively correlated with NAF T (r=−0.339, p=0.015). CRP did not show significant correlation with any types of measured NAF hormones. Conclusions: NAF protein markers were more strongly related to local hormone levels in the breast, rather than systematic hormones in the blood. Protein markers were specifically correlated with different components of hormone hormones, suggesting that metabolic precursors may contribute to breast cancer risk through distinct mechanisms.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5756. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5756


This book is an outcome of a series of study visits to Singapore for African policy makers initiated by Jee-Peng Tan in 2005 with support from Tommy Koh in Singapore and Birger Fredriksen, Yaw Ansu, and Dzingai Mutumbuka at the World Bank. Starting in the 1960s-earlier if Japan is included-a number of East Asian economies began achieving growth rates well above the average and were able to maintain that pace until nearly the end of the 1990s. Countries, large and small, have struggled to imitate the industrial prowess of the East Asian pacesetters and to exploit the opportunities presented by globalization to expand exports. But approximating the East Asian benchmarks has proven difficult, and growth accelerations have tended to be remarkably transient.


1. University of Zagreb: Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology 2. Institute of Adriatic Crops and Carst Reclamation, Split 3. Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Poreè 4. Croatian Chamber of Economy 5. Croatian Extension Institute 6. Croatian Employers Association 7. Agrokor d.d. 8. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management 9. Croatian Society of Agricultural Economists


Background Integrated Community Care System (ICCS) is constructed under lead of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for the elderly to continue living in hometown to end-of-life (EOL) with sense of security in unprecedented aged society, Japan. For assurance of sense of security, provision of high-quality EOL care (EOLC) with promotion of advance care planning (ACP) is essential. MHLW has established 105 of Regional Bridgeheads to Promote Co-operation between Medical and Long-term Care (RBPCMLC) with geriatric interdisciplinary team through In-Home/Long-Term Care 2012 project. Aim To support RBPCMLCs for establishment of own ICCS at their communities. Methods MHLW entrusted Information and Technical Support Centre (ITSC) for RBCMLCs to Division of Home Care Promotion (DHCP), National Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG) since 2012. In ITSC at DHCP, NCGG, information about activities of RBCMLCs was gathered and analysed. Results With leadership by ITSC according to MHLW policy, medical sectors, especially Japanese Medical Association, has started to collaborate with long-term care sectors for creation of local health-conscious communities under co-operation with local administrations and neighbourhood associations. However, supplies of medical care, especially EOLC, still run short and promotion of ACP is underway. From 2013, numbers of RBCMLCs were increased to 350 and construction of ICCS was continued with regular budget of local governments. Conclusion Acts for Securing Comprehensive Medical and Long-Term Care in the Community in 2014 was major achievements of RBCMLCs activities and promotion in ACP for high-quality EOLC at community hospitals is entrusted to DHCP, NCGG by MHLW.


One of the main characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the existence of a "clinico-radiological paradox". The discrepancies observed between the clinical and radiological findings might be partly attributable to lack of specificity of the imaging measures, but also to functional reorganization mechanisms occurring at both the brain and spinal cord levels. These neuroplastic processes might provide a means of delaying the clinical expression of some functional symptoms. Functional MRI (fMRI) methods provide a useful means of determining whether functional reorganization mechanisms of this kind are at work. It has been established, for example, that these neuroplastic mechanisms occur right from the start of the disease and may contribute to reducing the expression of the symptoms resulting from pathological tissue damage. This functional reorganization may therefore constitute an important adaptive mechanism during the early stages of the disease. One potential practical application of the findings made on these neuroplastic processes is likely to be the development of specific rehabilitation methods, which can be used to enhance these reactive mechanisms in order to maintain MS patients functional abilities, and other specifically targeted approaches will also predictably be developed.


The research aims to assess the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on economic growth in different regions of Kazakhstan. A few basic complex methods, such as systematisation of statistical data and regression analysis, conducted using the STATA software package, were used to analyse the relationship of indicators in different periods. Based on data for the period 2007–2018 obtained from the World Bank, the International Telecommunication Union and statistical yearbook of Kazakhstan, we assess how ICT, expressed by such indicators as Internet access in organisations, the number of computers and fixed telephones, influences economic growth. Our analysis revealed differences in the speed of implementation and development of ICT depending on the region, meaning that the least developed territories still lag in the number of Internet users. We have concluded that since 2014, the country's currency has weakened due to the decrease in the cost of oil and consequent economic decline; mobile devices are increasingly used, reducing the demand for fixed telephones; computers in organisations are affecting economic growth in more developed regions since 2014, although the negative effect of Internet access is growing, as the model shows. The obtained results can used for strategy development to compare economic growth in regions with low, medium, and high development rates.


BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to compare the active forearm pronation and supination allowed by a short arm splint, short arm cast, sugar tong splint, long arm splint, and long arm cast in normal, healthy subjects.

METHODS
Forty healthy, right-handed volunteers (twenty men and twenty women) with a mean age of thirty-five years (range, twenty-three to sixty-six years) were recruited. Two examiners used a goniometer developed for the study to measure the active forearm supination and pronation in each subject with and without the application of the different types of upper extremity immobilization. Forearm pronation and supination were compared among the immobilization methods and between men and women. The inter-rater reliability of the measurements was evaluated with use of the intraclass correlation coefficient.

RESULTS
The long arm cast decreased active forearm rotation to <10% of the value with no immobilization. The short arm cast, sugar tong splint, and long arm splint decreased active forearm rotation to <40% of the baseline measurement. No significant difference in active forearm supination or pronation was observed among the short arm cast, sugar tong splint, and long arm splint in the overall study cohort or in the men. However, forearm supination and pronation in the women differed significantly between the short arm cast and both the sugar tong splint and the long arm splint.

CONCLUSIONS
The long arm cast provided the greatest restriction of forearm rotation. Overall, no significant difference in active forearm supination or pronation was observed among the short arm cast, sugar tong splint, and long arm splint.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Magnetic resonance enterography [MRE] is the gold standard for assessing ileal inflammation in Crohn's disease [CD]. The aim of the present study was to correlate faecal calprotectin [FC] to MRE via a simple score in an exclusive ileal cohort with long-term follow-up for association with time to surgery or biologic therapy.

METHODS
In total, 150 MRE studies with matched FC [±30 days] were identified from the Edinburgh FC Register [2008-12; n = 18138]. Scans were re-read blinded to clinical data, independently, by two expert gastrointestinal radiologists, to generate a simple MRE score [range 0-10] from assessment of the worst intestinal segment plus total disease extent.

RESULTS
In total, 119 MRE scans were evaluated from 104 patients with ileal CD [L1 or L3 with panproctocolectomy]. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.77 [0.67-0.87, p < 0.0001] for FC and MRE score >1, with an optimal cut-off of 145 μg/g for severe inflammation on MRE with 69.3% [57.6-79.5] sensitivity and 71.4% [53.7-85.4] specificity. Long-term follow-up over a median [interquartile range] of 2086 days [1786-2353] revealed FC ≥ 145 μg/g was associated with reduced biologic-free survival until 3 years following MRE, whereas MRE score [severe vs absent] was associated with reduced surgery- and biologic-free survival throughout follow-up. Backwards stepwise logistic regression revealed that length of ileal disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 1.1-13.2, p = 0.034) and increased bowel wall thickness at MRE [OR 4.2, 1.6-10.7, p < 0.0001] or female sex [OR 5.2, 1.5-18.7, p = 0.011] increased the risk of biologic use or surgery, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
FC correlates well with MRE assessment of ileal CD with MRE parameters associated with long-term biologic- and surgery-free remission.


In simulated discrimination conditioned reflex of active avoidance (CRAA) in T-maze, the effect of bilateral microinjections of the muscarinic receptor M1 selective blocker pirenzepine on the CRAA formation and behaviour in the "open filed" test, was studied in rats. A sharp worsening of the CRAA learning and a significant increase in the motor activity were shown to occur in rats following the microinjections as compared with control rats. The change in the motor responses seems to account for the worsening of the CRAA learning. Another reason of the phenomenon could involve a disorder in perception of conditioned signals and their poor differentiation. The data obtained and the literature data suggest a complex character of changes induced by the blockade of the M1 muscarinic receptors of the neostriatum.


The shared random effects joint model is one of the most widely used approaches to study the associations between longitudinal biomarkers and a survival outcome and make dynamic risk predictions using the longitudinally measured biomarkers. Various types of joint models have been developed under different settings in the past decades. One major limitation of joint models is that they could be computationally expensive for complex models where the number of the shared random effects is large. Moreover, the inferential accuracy of joint models could also be diminished for complex models due to approximation errors. However, complex models are frequently needed in practice, for example, when the longitudinal biomarkers have nonlinear trajectories over time or the number of longitudinal biomarkers of interest is large. In this article, we propose a novel Gaussian variational approximate inference approach for fitting joint models, which significantly improves computational efficiency while maintaining inferential accuracy. We conduct extensive simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our proposed method and compare it to existing methods. The performance of our proposed method is further demonstrated on a dataset of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.


Low-temperature synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is a key challenge for their integration with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology at 'back-end-of-line (BEOL)'. Most low-temperature synthesis utilizes alkali salts, oxide-based metals, and methyl-group based chalcogen precursors which do not meet current BEOL requirements for contaminant-free manufacturing and process scalability. In this study, we benchmark a carbon and alkali salt-free synthesis of fully coalesced, stoichiometric 2D WSe2 films on amorphous SiO2/Si substrates at BEOL- compatible temperatures (475 °C) via gas-source metal-organic chemical deposition. This work highlights the necessity of a Se-rich environment in a kinetically limited growth regime for successful integration of low-temperature 2D WSe2. Atomic-scale characterization reveals that BEOL WSe2 is polycrystalline with domain size of ~200 nm and band gap of 1.8 eV. Back-gated and electrolyte double layer gated field-effect transistors (FETs) exhibit increased ON currents as high as 4 µA µm−1 and ON/OFF ratios of ~106, demonstrating a 100×  improvement compared to previously reported BEOL compatible TMDs.


Many time series are of short duration because data acquisition has, of necessity, proceeded for but a brief term. Such data have previously often been analyzed by methods that either do not explicitly take into account time related changes or that are designed for long time series. In this paper, we consider several ways of assigning a dissimilarity between univariate time series in short term behavior. In particular, we have defined a measure that works irrespective of different baselines and scaling factors and its effectiveness has been evaluated on real and synthetic data sets.


This research strives to examine the impact of online brand communication on the content strategy of a premium brand in the context of ETON e-commerce store. The secondary purpose of the study provides the insight as to why brand message affects brand content strategy through various communication modes. The research set forth brand perspective to create an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the content strategy and its importance for delivering the desired brand value to the target audience. The methodology of the study includes an overall approach to research analysis structure is based on the customer journey of ETON visitors. Finally a multimodal analysis of the brand color palette, typography and imagery has enabled an in-depth examination of editorial aspects of the brand content strategy. This study clarifies the strong connection between content strategy practices and effective brand message although complex mechanisms behind effective brand communication require a deeper focus on online branding. Branding, e-commerce platform and editorial content strategy practices have devised the key aspects of the successful performance of an online store. The research results have challenged the existing practices of content strategy approach and pointed to a strong contextual relevance for successful online brand communication tactics. Consequently, the study outcome points at a high risk of failed content delivery and ineffective brand message in the absence of data drive approach and in-depth understanding of consumer needs. (Less)


Scientific applications often manipulate very large sets of persistent data. Over the past decade, advances in disk storage device performance have consistently been outpaced by advances in the performance of the rest of the computer system. As a result, many scientific applications have become I/O-bound, i.e. their run-times are dominated by the time spent performing I/O operations. Consequently, the performance of I/O operations has become critical for high performance in these applications. The ELFS approach is designed to address the issue of high performance I/O by treating files as typed objects. Typed file objects can exploit knowledge about the file structure and type of data. Typed file objects can selectively apply techniques such as prefetching, parallel asynchronous file access, and caching to improve performance. Also, by typing objects, the interface to the user can be improved in two ways. First, the interface can be made easier to use by presenting file operations in a more natural manner to the user. Second, the interface can allow the user to provide an "oracle" about access patterns, that can allow the file object to improve performance. By combining these concepts with the object-oriented paradigm, the goal of the ELFS methodology is to create flexible, extensible file classes that are easy to use while achieving high performance. In this paper we present the ELFS approach and our experiences with the design and implementation of two file classes: a two dimensional dense matrix file class and a multidimensional range searching file class.


Most epidemiological studies focus on the direct causes of diseases while wider, social causal factors are ignored. This paper briefly highlights the history of major epidemics and the role of Anthropocene and Capitalocene for the emergence and reemergence of pandemics like COVID-19. Books, journal articles, and statistics offer information that can explain the phenomena. A historical inquiry can inform us about the fundamental causes of pandemics. Human security and ecology are intertwined, and the global effect of pandemics responded to at the national level is inadequate. The lessons from the past and present help us devise effective ethically and socially appropriate strategies to mitigate the threats. If the present crisis is not taken seriously at the global level, the world has to face more difficult challenges in years to come.


The study of comparative oncology has brought out some interesting points in regard to the organ distribution of malignant tumors in animals. Extensive statistics (1–5) have shown that each animal species has its own characteristic distribution of malignant growths. For instance, tumors of the eye, skin, and uterus are common in cattle; tumors of the skin, mamma, and thyroid predominate in dogs, while the nose, paranasal sinuses and penis are the frequent sites for malignant growth in horses (5). Generally, tumors of the ectoderm and endoderm occur more frequently in mammalia, while tumors of the mesoderm are more commonly encountered among cold-blooded animals (6).

A comparison of the organ distribution of tumors in animals with that in man reveals a most remarkable discrepancy in the involvement of the digestive tract. While in the human being the incidence of tumors of the digestive tract is reported as high as 50 per cent of all malignancies found at autopsy, their occurrence is comparatively rarely recorded in animals. This has been noted by a number of authors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9) and recently has been emphasized by Wells, Slye and Holmes (10), who found among 142,000 mice autopsies only 34 malignant primary tumors of the gastro-intestinal canal. In their extensive survey of the literature they were able to confirm this observation also for other animal species.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of hepatic hemangiomatosis with giant cavernous hemangioma (GCH) and describe the imaging appearances and clinical relevance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-one patients who had undergone CT or MRI with reported GCH (> 8 cm) between 1997 and 2009 were identified retrospectively. Three readers interpreted 27 MRI studies, 36 CT studies, and 16 ultrasound studies of these patients. Prevalence, extent, and imaging appearance of coexistent hemangiomatosis in the surrounding liver parenchyma were evaluated.

RESULTS
Forty-two GCHs were identified in 41 patients and hemangiomatosis was present in 18 of 41 patients (44%) with GCH. Twelve patients had a diffuse pattern of hemangiomatosis (67%), and six patients showed a nodular pattern consisting of multiple coalescent nodules measuring < 5 mm (33%). There was no association between the size of the GCH and presence and extent of hemangiomatosis. The common hepatic artery was enlarged (> 5 mm) in 14 patients with GCH, of whom 12 had associated hemangiomatosis. There was a statistically significant association between the size of the hepatic artery and presence of hemangiomatosis (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Hemangiomatosis is not rare in the liver parenchyma adjacent to a GCH. The presence and extent of hemangiomatosis must be specifically communicated to referring physicians. Surgical candidates have to be carefully selected to avoid complications, such as excessive blood loss and diminished risk of postoperative liver decompensation from apparent overestimation of functional residual volume due to oversight of involved liver areas by hemangiomatosis.


Investigation was made for the effect of fluoride on plant growth, acid soluble nucleotides, and RNA in germinating corn seedling roots. Fluoride suppresses root growth as measured by changes in fresh weight. Column chromatographic analyses demonstrated that fluoride modifies ratios of acid soluble nucleotide species. The relative amount of nucleotides is altered mainly due to triphosphate nucleotides of which ATP is most accumulated. Paper chromatographic analyses showed that fluoride induces changes of RNA structure. The RNA is characterized by lowered relative content of cytosine and by increased ratio of cytosine to guanine. Adenine is depressed significantly only in the root tissue treated by the highest fluoride concentration.


The article examines the views of modern French researchers on the relations between Russia and the post-Soviet republics of Central Asia. This allows us to identify various interpretations of Russian foreign policy, and to understand the main approaches of French scholars analyzing the goals and tasks of Russian geostrategy in the region. As the article demonstrates, French historiography, along with the objectivist view on the Central Asian vector in Russian foreign policy, also includes works of ideological nature. Special emphasis is put on French works that focus on Russian political authors who speak of Russias neo-imperialism. These studies explain the Russian policy in Central Asia through the ruling elites ambition to resurrect an empire in the post-Soviet space and to return superpower status to Russia. Of special interest is the position of authors who try to explain the Russian attitude to the Central Asian region as, on the one hand, an expression of nostalgic feelings harbored by a great part of the population about the nations former greatness, assuming that these feelings have an impact on the leaderships policies, and on the other hand, as the Russian leaderships attempt to use Russias active return to the international arena for the consolidation and self-identification of society. It is observed that some French authors speak of a New Great Game. This very popular concept considers the actions of Russia and other powers operating in the region (USA and China) as a continuation of the historical rivalry between the Russian and British empires in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Russian authors have always been interested in French historiography; this is due to the latters scientific prestige and objectivity, and in particular its application of methodologies that further develop the tradition of the Annales School. At the same time, the growing French scholarship on the issue of Russia and post-Soviet Central Asian republics has not yet been subject to close and complex consideration, which defines the novelty of the article.


Climate change is currently one of the main driving forces behind changes in species distributions, and understanding the mechanisms that underpin macroecological patterns is necessary for a more predictive science. Warming sea water temperatures are expected to drive changes in ectothermic marine species ranges due to their thermal tolerance levels. Here, we develop a mechanistic tool to predict size‐ and season‐specific distributions based on the physiology of the species and the temperature and food conditions in the sea. The effects of climate conditions on physiological‐based habitat utilization was then examined for different size‐classes of two commercially important fish species in the North Sea, plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, and sole, Solea solea. The two species provide an attractive comparison as they differ in their physiology (e.g. preferred temperature range). Combining dynamic energy budget (DEB) models with the temperature and food conditions estimated by an ecosystem model (ERSEM), allowed spatial differences in potential growth (as a proxy for habitat quality) to be estimated for 2 years with contrasting temperature and food conditions. The resulting habitat quality maps were in broad agreement with observed ontogenetic and seasonal changes in distribution as well as with the recent changes in distribution which could be attributed to an increase in coastal temperatures. Our physiological‐based model provides a powerful tool to explore the effect of climate change on the spatio‐temporal fish dynamics, predict effects of local or broad‐scale environmental changes and provide a physiological basis for observed changes in species distributions.


Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may appear after an individual experiences a stressful situation. It is characterized by the avoidance of situations that are related to the trauma and persistent hyperarousal, which may become associated with anxiety and cognitive disability. The present study evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on anxietylike behavior and memory in a mouse model of PTSD that employed different reexposures to situational reminders (SRs; 1 or 10 min). Male Swiss mice were exposed or not exposed to environmental enrichment and then subjected to the model of PTSD in a light-dark box. After exposure to the aversive stimulation, the animals were evaluated in a light-dark box, a modified light-dark box, the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the novel object recognition test. Environmental enrichment attenuated the effects of footshock, did not alter anxietylike behavior or memory in animals that were exposed to 1-min SRs, increased anxietylike behavior and memory in animals that were exposed to 10-min SRs, and reversed behavioral sensitization in the EPM. The results suggest that environmental enrichment does not mitigate the effects of reexposure to 1-min SRs on traumatic memory and favors the maintenance of traumatic memories, even when animals are reexposed to SRs for 10 min. However, environmental enrichment reversed the effects of the aversive stimulation on behavioral sensitization. The effects of environmental enrichment in the present model of PTSD are complex and depend on the duration of SRs and the specific behaviors that are assessed.


This was one of SCSS president and Franciscan University of Steubenville professor Stephen M. Krason's "Neither Left Nor Right, but Catholic" columns that appeared initially in Crisismagazine.com on February 3, 2013. It discusses the ongoing assault by secularist groups to cleanse American public life of any vestiges of religion. This radical separationism, which had its roots in the post-Civil War period and essentially was embraced by the U.S. Supreme Court in its long line of establishment clause decisions, is completely contrary to the thinking of the Founding Fathers and the predominant culture of earlier America. Krason calls for a renewed effort, at different levels, to reclaim America's historically religious and Christian culture.


Abstract A total of 711 divorced individuals from Germany, Italy and Switzerland provided retrospective reports on their perception of at-tractors and barriers to divorcing. This study combines the evaluation of macro-level variables (represented by three different countries) and micro-level variables (psychological variables) to better understand attractors and barriers to divorce. Among attractors of divorce, alienation was found to be most relevant, while alternatives were less significant for the decision to divorce in all three countries. Among barriers, the presence of children (for all three countries) and financial strain (for German and Swiss women) was found to be of primary importance. In general among macro-level variables, economic assets seemed to be of greatest importance.


Using a rich dataset on government spending forecasts in Japan, we provide new evidence on the effects of unexpected changes in government spending when the nominal interest rate is near the zero lower bound (ZLB). The on-impact output multiplier is 1.5 in the ZLB period and 0.6 outside of it. We estimate that government spending shocks increase both private consumption and investment during the ZLB period, but crowd them out in the normal period. There is evidence that expected inflation increases more in the ZLB period than in the normal period. (JEL E21, E22, E23, E31, E43, E52, E62)


markdownabstract__Abstract__

The detection and treatment of psychosocial problems at an early age is increasingly
recognized as being of the utmost importance [1], more so since we know that these
problems can influence the daily lives of children negatively [2] and tend to become
persistent if left untreated [3-4]. That is why the development of empirically informed
public health policies in order to respond adequately to such problems in young children
has become a health priority globally [5-6].
One way of treating psychosocial problems in young children is by offering specialist
mental health care. However, before entering treatment children first need to be identified
as having psychosocial problems and consequently need to be referred to proper care.
In the Netherlands, early detection of psychosocial problems is a task of the preventive
care system [7]. For this task the parent reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire
(SDQ) is recommended by the Health care Inspectorate of the Dutch government [8].
The SDQ is widely used and it was validated in many countries with satisfying results.
However, the SDQ has not yet been validated for children in the younger age groups,
nor in children of different ethnic backgrounds. Furthermore, little is known about the
process of identification of psychosocial problems and referral for these problems in
young children by the preventive child health care professional (CHP) who are making
use of early detection instruments.
Therefore, the main aim of this thesis is to explore the role of the SDQ in identifying
psychosocial problems in young children by the preventive youth health care professional
as well as the role of the SDQ in referral for these problems. Initially, the reliability
and validity of the parent and teacher reported SDQ was determined in 5 to 6 year old
children as well as in subgroups with the same background characteristics.
In the next paragraphs a theoretical model for help-seeking behaviour will be presented.
Psychosocial problems, the Dutch preventive child health care, different ways
of identification of psychosocial problems and the SDQ will be explained in more detail.
Finally, the research questions and the outline of this thesis will be presented.


Post-mortem examination of 181 elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) from the northern Yellowstone Park herd in 1967–68 revealed that 41% were infected with Thysanosoma actinioides. Infections occurred in all age classes of animals from seven areas in the Yellowstone, Gardner and Lamar drainages in the northern section of the Park. Prevalence of the parasite was higher in calves and yearlings than in mature elk. Infections varied from 1 to 16 worms per animal, with an average intensity of 4.3 in 75 elk. Worms were confined to the first 6.2 feet of the small intestine, with no distinct habitat preference apparent within this area. Little evidence of T. actinioides or gross lesions associated with its presence was found in the liver or bile ducts of elk examined 20 to 40 minutes after death.


The solution of a dispersion equation indicates the theoretical existence of multiple modes of surface plasmon polariton wave propagation at the planar interface of a metal and a chiral sculptured thin film (STF). One mode appears to occur over a wide range of the structural period of the chiral STF, while all other modes exist only above some minimum value of the structural period, the minimum value being different for each mode. In order to excite the different modes, the interface can be incorporated in the commonplace Kretschmann configuration, for which our calculations show that the efficient excitation of different modes would require different numbers of structural periods of the chiral STF.


HYPOTHESIS
Previous interventions (excisional biopsy, incomplete dissection) in the regional basin that drain a melanoma site prior to definitive surgical procedures significantly increase the risk of melanoma recurrence in the surgical field.

DESIGN
Retrospective analysis.

SETTING
Tertiary care referral center.

PATIENTS
One hundred forty-one consecutive patients who underwent radical lymph node dissection (RLND) either in the groin or the axilla owing to malignant melanoma were followed up for a median period of 41 months.

INTERVENTIONS
All of the 141 patients received either elective or therapeutic RLND. Their medical records were analyzed for demographic data, disease history, previous treatments, recurrence patterns, and survival.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Patterns of first recurrence after RLND and survival.

RESULTS
Radical lymph node dissection was performed on 148 lymph node basins (141 patients; 86 axillae and 62 groins). Nineteen patients (13%) received previous open interventions in the lymph node basin (tampering) other than radical dissection. Radical lymph node dissection was performed prophylactically in 38 basins (26%), for palpable disease in 75 (51%), and for a positive sentinel node in 35 (24%). There were 74 failures (52%) of RLND: 51 patients (70%) with systemic disease, 12 (16%) with recurrence in the surgical field, 9 (11%) with in-transit metastases, and 2 (3%) with local recurrence. On multivariate analysis, the only significant predictors of recurrence after RLND were Breslow thickness of greater than 4 mm (P = .02), tampering (P = .01), and lymph node capsular invasion (P = .001). Tampering was the only independent prognosticator of failure in the surgical field, as tampering was noted in 10 (83%) of 12 patients with failure in the surgical field as compared with 6 (10%) of 62 patients with other types of first failures (P<.001). This effect did not translate into a survival difference (P = .54). Failure in the surgical field was not detected in any of the patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy.

CONCLUSIONS
Previous interventions (excisional biopsy, incomplete dissection) in the regional basin that drain a melanoma site prior to definitive surgical procedures significantly increase the risk of melanoma recurrence in the surgical field, and they should be avoided. Fine-needle aspiration and sentinel node biopsy, performed with strict surgical oncologic techniques, are safe with regard to failure in the surgical field.


We herein report an endoscopic method utilizing detachable snares for the safe removal of dislodged esophageal metal stents. A 63-year-old man was diagnosed as having carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction in 2008. Staging computed tomography (CT) confirmed hepatic and pulmonary metastases. The patient was initially treated with palliative chemotherapy, and, in 2009, a self-expandable metal esophageal stent was inserted for the worsening dysphagia. In January 2010, the patient presentedwith repeated vomiting and intolerance to oral intake. An abdominal X-ray showed stent dislodgment within the stomach shadow (●" Fig.1). Esophagogastroscopy revealed a partially obstructing, 9-cm long tumor at the esophagogastric junction, through which the endoscope passed with difficulty. The previously inserted stent was visualized within the stomach (●" Fig.2). Detachable snares were applied to collapse the migrated stent inside the stomach (●" Fig.3a), and a new covered metallic stent was inserted at the tumor site. After 5 days, repeat endoscopy showed the new esophageal stent had fully deployed. The dislodged stent in the stomach was further reduced in size with detachable snares (●" Fig.3b). It was then drawn into the new stent using two endograsping forceps and the whole complexwas retrieved orally under fluoroscopy monitoring (●" Fig.4). A new self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) was inserted for relief of dysphagia, and the patient was then able to tolerate oral feeding. He was discharged 10 days after the second endoscopy. Migration of SEMS has a reported incidence of up to 12% after stent insertion [1]. Extraction of the migrated stent is advocated due to the potential risks of bleeding and bowel perforation and obstruction [2]. However, endoscopic retrieval of a stent can be technically difficult in patients with obstructing esophageal tumors and is associated with the risk of tumor laceration, bleeding, and esophageal perforation. Collapsing the migrated stent by using detachable snares made retrieval relatively easy and safe in our patient. Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AO_2AZ


Recent medical literature contains the records of three patients, all negroes, or negroes with an admixture of Caucasian blood, in whom severe anemia, characterized by certain peculiar morphologic alterations of the red blood cells, was present. The first case was reported by Herrick.1Washburn2published the records of a patient whose blood showed similar changes, and Cook and Meyer3reported the third example of this rare type of anemia. REPORT OF CASE The following record is presented in some detail on account of the rarity of the disease: History.— C P., a negro, aged 21, was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital, March 15, 1915, complaining of general weakness. The family history was fragmentary, and no evidence was adduced to indicate that any other member of the family had suffered from symptoms similar to his. The patient was born in Virginia and had never been farther than


The river hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), one of the closest extant relatives to cetaceans, is a large African even‐toed ungulate (Artiodactyla) that grazes and has a semiaquatic lifestyle. Given its unusual phenotype, ecology, and evolutionary history, we sought to measure the topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cell density using stereology and retinal wholemounts. We estimated a total of 243,000 ganglion cells of which 3.4% (8,300) comprise alpha cells. The topographic distribution of both total and alpha cells reveal a dual topographic organization of a temporal and nasal area embedded within a well‐defined horizontal streak. Using maximum density of total ganglion cells and eye size (35 mm, axial length), we estimated upper limits of spatial resolving power of 8 cycles/deg (temporal area, 1,800 cells/mm2), 7.7 cycles/deg (nasal area, 1,700 cells/mm2), and 4.2 cycles/deg (horizontal streak, 250 cells/mm2). Enhanced resolution of the temporal area toward the frontal visual field may facilitate grazing, while resolution of the horizontal streak and nasal area may help the discrimination of objects (predators, conspecifics) in the lateral and posterior visual fields, respectively. Given the presumed role of alpha cells to detect brisk transient stimuli, their similar distribution to the total ganglion cell population may facilitate the detection of approaching objects in equivalent portions of the visual field. Our finding of a nasal area in the river hippopotamus retina supports the notion that this specialization may enhance visual sampling in the posterior visual field to compensate for limited neck mobility as suggested for rhinoceroses and cetaceans.


Using HPC for Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Guide to High Performance Computing for CFD Engineers offers one of the first self-contained guides on the use of high performance computing for computational work in fluid dynamics. Beginning with an introduction to HPC, including its history and basic terminology, the book moves on to consider how modern supercomputers can be used to solve common CFD challenges, including the resolution of high density grids and dealing with the large file sizes generated when using commercial codes. Written to help early career engineers and post-graduate students compete in the fast-paced computational field where knowledge of CFD alone is no longer sufficient, the text provides a one-stop resource for all the technical information readers will need for successful HPC computation.Offers one of the first self-contained guides on the use of high performance computing for computational work in fluid dynamicsTailored to the needs of engineers seeking to run CFD computations in a HPC environment


The role of lexical resources is often understated in NLP research. The complexity of Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) poses special challenges to developers of NLP tools, especially in the area of word segmentation (WS), information retrieval (IR), named entity extraction (NER), and machine translation (MT). These difficulties are exacerbated by the lack of comprehensive lexical resources, especially for proper nouns, and the lack of a standardized orthography, especially in Japanese. This paper summarizes some of the major linguistic issues in the development NLP applications that are dependent on lexical resources, and discusses the central role such resources should play in enhancing the accuracy of NLP tools.


According to Genesis of the Bible (sf , ed. 2009), the Tower of Babel was built for humanity to reach heaven, which is why Yahweh confused the language of men; this event led them to leave the tower unfinished and part in all directions. Apparently, this is a reality when it comes to quality. This text presents the definitions of quality and other related concepts, developed by emblematic authors on the issue, including the impact this concept has on assembling and arranging Management Systems through certification processes. In the first instance, it addresses the concept of quality, including key historical elements for its understanding as quality in Japan, total quality, quality and administration, and management system background. Thereafter, it presents arguments, reflection base, which contribute to the imperative of understanding quality as key issue because of its approach by pressure or by will, to an organizational certification path. This advocates for the creation of an enhanced conceptual framework -field- that has currently become a paradigm; thus, eliminating the Tower of Babel sought to being exposed.


Simultaneous quantification of nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB-H) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in tablets by UV spectroscopy, RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed. In UV spectrophotometric determination NEB-H and HCT was quantified by simultaneous equation method and absorbance ratio method. In simultaneous equation method absorbance measurements at 282.5 nm (λmax NEB-H) and 271.5 nm (λmax HCT), in absorbance ratio method absorbance measurements at 282.5 nm and 275 nm (iso absorptive point) in methanol. In RP-HPLC method, the drugs were resolved using a mobile phase of 30 mM phosphate buffer (K2HPO4), acetonitrile and triethylamine (50:50:0.1 % v/v) with pH 5.5 using orthophosphoric acid on a C18-ODS- Phenomenex (5 μm, 250 mm x 4.6 mm) column in isocratic mode, Atorvastatin (ATR) used as a internal standard. The retention time of HCT, NEB-H and ATR was 3.31, 4.30 and 6.93 min respectively. In the HPTLC method, the chromatograms were developed using a mobile phase of ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (8.5:1:0.5 v/v) on precoated plate of silica gel 60 F254 and quantified by densitometric absorbance mode at 285 nm. The Rf of HCT and NEB-H were 0.21 and 0.41 respectively. Recovery studies of 98.88-102.41%, percentage relative std deviation of not more than 0.8 and correlation coefficient (linearity range) of 0.9954-0.9999 shows that developed methods were accurate and precise. These methods can be employed for the routine analysis of tablets containing NEB-H and HCT.


The dynamics of understanding lexical sets in theoretical and practical aspects over the past 50 years is provided, highlighting the main stages of their identification, study and interpretation features in the light of various scientific approaches: structural-semantic, functional-linguistic, cognitive-discourse, lexicographic, determining the system of principles of their identification, formation of the composition and description of the structural organization. The results of a multidimensional study of lexical sets of different types as an integral dynamic system, that have received multiple interpretations both in theoretical research and in ideographic dictionaries, are presented. The following types of sets are considered: lexical-semantic, functional-lexical, denotative-ideographic, semantic-syntactic, complex lexical-phraseological, synonymous-antonymic, conceptual-discursive. The research is carried out on the material of ideographic dictionaries created by lexicographers of the Ural Semantic School. Examples of descriptions of linguistic and speech sets with emotive semantics presented in a series of these dictionaries are used as illustrative material. The study showed that over half a century, lexical set theory has advanced significantly due to the situation of polyparadigmality in linguistics. It is noted that in such circumstances, different approaches to the study of sets of language and speech units were formed, the identification of fundamentally new semantic associations was substantiated, their typology was developed, the sources, factors and principles of their formation were characterized.


After reading this report, I could not help but feel that the conclusion reached that the 'two-week rule' has an evidence in melanoma survival was slightly misleading. I say this because it appeared that the introduction of the new Pigmented Lesion Clinic (PLC) was rather more causal than the 'two-week rule'. Would I be incorrect to claim that it was more likely that an increase in out-patient capacity as a result of this new clinic was rather more important than the Government's intervention? After all, if the two-week rule was introduced with no extra clinics or capacity, then the impact on melanoma survival may not have been so great and the extra volume of work may have resulted in a negative impact by delaying other cases that fall outside the reach of the two-week wait. The authors indeed pointed out that the two-week rule resulted in a huge increase in the number of suspected skin cancer referrals; this demonstrates that, if the two-week rule is introduced without a concomitant increase in capacity, the impact of the two-week rule may not be entirely positive. Undoubtedly, the new PLC and the two-week rule have worked well in this case; however, I feel that the context of the two-week rule is much more important than the rule itself.


In integrated circuit manufacturing with multi-level interconnect, it is important to have a planar surface preceding the next layer to avoid topography-induced patterning failure. In this paper, we describe a method for optimizing the use of pattern fill for planarity of CMP processing against the parasitic capacitive effects generated by such fill. Results applying this methodology on a seven metal product set are used to demonstrate its effectiveness.


The discussion about the supporting task of four main active oxygen dependent mechanisms mediating and modulating immune signals was included in the work, along with the discussion on antioxidants influencing these mechanisms. The former include xanthine-oxidase, cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, aldehyde oxygenase metabolic chains. Currently, we are just beginning to realize that active oxygen and antioxidants can modulate the induction of physiological signals, and that these effects are not limited to the immune system. The effects of antioxidant treatment could represent neutralization of harmful radicals, albeit they can simply represent modulation of complex biochemical events which are essential parts of normal metabolism. Some natural antioxidants, e.g. alfa-to-copherol, ascorbic acid and beta-carotens are very good means of the primary prevention, but with acute failure of local antioxidants, they do not prevent the excessive production of proliferative inflammatory tissue. Tirilazad-mesylate has threefold beneficial influences: first as an inhibitor of the creation of oxygen radicals, second as a scavenger or quencher of free oxygen radicals, and finally in the arrangement of the defects in the phospholipid bilayer and possible receptors of macrophages, as well as T cells. The drug is suitable for active modulation of locally changed immune reactions and thus it rejects harmful proliferative inflammation in the subdural space. Until recently it has been eliminated by surgical procedure. The authors expel the thick (0.8 cm) subdural collection of the proliferative inflammatory product by tandem treatment which includes methylprednisolon+tirilazad-mesylate for three days, followed by fourteen days of methylprednisolon, which was gradually decreased in daily oral doses. This is a revolutionary change in the treatment of similar intracranial processes. (Fig. 4, Ref. 21.)


The following three case studies form part of a broader research project to investigate digital inclusion – a combination of internet access, affordability and digital ability – in the Northern Gulf region in Far North Queensland (FNQ). The project aimed to understand how internet connectivity (or lack thereof) impacts the lives and livelihoods of cattle producing households and communities. These case studies should be read in conjunction with the participant-focused report and policy-focused report which expands on the insights and recommendations.


Most object detection frameworks use backbone architectures originally designed for image classification, conventionally with pre-trained parameters on ImageNet. However, image classification and object detection are essentially different tasks and there is no guarantee that the optimal backbone for classification is also optimal for object detection. Recent neural architecture search (NAS) research has demonstrated that automatically designing a backbone specifically for object detection helps improve the overall accuracy. In this paper, we introduce a neural architecture adaptation method that can optimize the given backbone for detection purposes, while still allowing the use of pre-trained parameters. We propose to adapt both the micro- and macro-architecture by searching for specific operations and the number of layers, in addition to the output channel dimensions of each block. It is important to find the optimal channel depth, as it greatly affects the feature representation capability and computation cost. We conduct experiments with our searched backbone for object detection and demonstrate that our backbone outperforms both manually designed and searched state-of-the-art backbones on the COCO dataset.


We have investigated two beamlike particle events (30 keV/charge to 160 keV/charge) upstream of the earth's bow shock with the Max-Planck-Institut/ University of Maryland ultralow energy and charge analyzer on Isee 1. These beams consist of protons as well as of alpha particles, and the spectra are generally steep and are decreasing with increasing energy. During one event the spectra of both protons and alpha particles have a maximum at approx.65 keV/charge. During these events the interplanetary magnetic field through the satellite positron was almost tangent to the bow shock, and application of the theory of acceleration predicts acceleration of a solar wind particle up to 60 keV/nucleon in a single reflection. The observation of reflected protons as well as alpha particles has implications for the physical reflection process usually not discussed in the acceleration theories.


The article describes the process of preparation and holding of congresses in Troppau and Laibach. At the beginning of 1820 there was a revolution of Spain. The Russian diplomats headed by Emperor Alexander I and J. Capodistria offered to convene the congress to develop the measures to combat the Spanish revolution. But the British and Austrians opposed that. However when Naples revolution started, Metternich requested permission for the suppression of the rebellion from Alexander I, but Russians insisted on the convocation of the conference. On the congress of Troppau the Russian delegation insisted on the development of the universal measures to the struggle against revolutions that had to be hold in a peaceful manner. The Austrians, who sought to the carrying out of one-sided armed intervention in Naples, were forced to agree with the Russian project. The Preliminary protocol was based on this project. On the congress J. Capodistria offered the new version of his project of the "universal union". When the king of Neapolitan Ferdinand IV arrived to Laibach he immediately demanded the intervention in Naples. The Russian plan failed. Alexander I was forced to agree to the armed intervention.


In avian species, it has been assumed that an Fc receptor in the ovarian follicles mediates immunoglobulin Y (IgY) transport into the yolk. However, no such receptor responsible for IgY has been identified to date. To examine potential IgY binding activity in the entire ovarian follicle, whole-mount sections of quail ovarian follicle were incubated with the Fc fragment of chicken IgY (cIgY). Whole-mount frozen sections of the second largest ovarian follicle were prepared, and then the sections were incubated with digoxigenin-labeled Fc or Fab fragments of cIgY. Microscopic observation revealed that incubation with the cIgY-Fc fragment produced a binding signal in the inner layer of the ovarian follicular tissues, most likely in the granulosa cell layer. However, no such signal was detected when the sections were incubated with cIgY-Fab. Coincubation of the ovarian sections with Alexa488-labeled cIgY-Fc and antiserum raised against ZP1, an envelope protein specifically localized in the perivitelline layer, demonstrated that the source of the Fc binding signals partly coincided with the perivitelline layer. In conclusion, our data suggest that potential IgY binding substances interacting with the Fc domain are present in the inner layers of ovarian follicular tissues, most likely in the granulosa cell layer and/or in the perivitelline layer.


Abstract We conduct in-depth analysis of statistical flow properties from direct numerical simulations that reproduce gas giants macroturbulence, namely large-scale zonal winds. Our numerical model has been specifically designed to simulate a recent laboratory device that reports zonal jets in the configuration of deep turbulent planetary layers. In this framework, the so-called zonostrophic regime is achieved when large topographical variations of the fluid layer combine with rapid rotation in a well developed three-dimensional (3D) turbulent flow. At steady state, strongly energetic, zonally dominated, large-scale axisymmetric structures emerge scaling with Rhines' theoretical scale. This model differs from the shallow-layer scenario where the flow is confined to a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) fluid shell and the anisotropic -effect arises from latitudinal variation of the Coriolis force. Thus, we aim to reveal, in the specific framework of the deep-layer scenario, signatures of the zonostrophic regime and of a -topography in statistical flow properties. To do so, we run two large-scale 3D direct numerical simulations in a cylindrical geometry of a highly turbulent and rapidly rotating flow. These two simulations use similar set of parameters but with and without topographical -effect. We propose a comparative phenomenological description of the temporal and spatial statistics of the three components of the velocity field. Interestingly, we report that peculiar correlations occur between the vertical and radial flow components when a -topography is imposed and show a feature possibly due to a zonostrophic dynamics in 3D frequency spectra. These results suggest the development of new tools to remotely investigate gas giants zonal winds by extracting statistical flow properties from direct observations. Ultimately our analysis may support the relevance of the deep models in the study of prevalent features of planetary dynamics.


The present paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the issues of communication between government and business entities have been considered. The role of the communication for the modern society development has been assessed. Implementation of concepts of open government, public participation and corporate governance are the requirements to the governments who would like to "keep in touch" with business entities. In many countries, cooperation, awareness and continuous interaction not only with citizens, but also with business entities became important factors of changes in the system of management, especially in the government information policy. In such countries, a shift is observed of regulatory function toward more open and more interactive interaction. Business entities have a real chance now to influence the improvement and development of public policy and management system. The publications on this subject mainly those published abroad, have been analysed. A particular emphasis is on the characteristics of communication channels: reliability, speed and effectiveness (efficiency). In the second part of the paper, the issues of creation of "digital government", as well as special aspects of creation of "digital government" in developing countries have been considered, although in many ways the processes of "digitalization" of government organs are characteristic for the developed countries as well. It has been noted, that the implementation of digital information technologies and digital communications in the public sector organization would have a favorable impact on the way the public services are provided. With proper implementation, the digital government may decrease the cost of provision of public services and establish conditions for better contacts with citizens, especially in distant and less populated regions. Digital government can also influence the creation of better transparency and accountability of the decisions made, stimulate the development of local digital culture and promote the development of democracy. To determine the efficiency of any particular act of communication the concept of "communicative result" is introduced. The cultural dependence of the communication result has been noticed.


BACKGROUND
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to acute simultaneous proximal occlusion of two major coronary arteries (ASOMC) is a rare but life-threatening situation. Most patients die suddenly or go into cardiogenic shock (CS). In patients with AMI due to ASOMC identified by coronary angiography (CA), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performed in both infarct-related arteries (IRAs) at the same time as diagnostic CA is the fastest option to complete revascularization. However, no prospective studies regarding the outcome of such procedures have been published so far.

METHODS
In this prospective single-center study, between October 2004 and March 2007, consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) reporting to our university hospital and regional referral center were evaluated for ASOMC by means of emergent CA. When diagnosed with ASOMC, PCI of the IRAs was performed. Clinical data were obtained at baseline, discharge, after 6 months, and after 1 year.

RESULTS
Out of 417 patients with ACS, 379 patients (90.9%) suffered an AMI. In 5 patients CA revealed an ASOMC. PCI was performed in 4 patients. One patient with severe triple-vessel disease was referred for emergent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery after conventional PCI of one IRA. One patient died in-hospital due to early in-stent thrombosis after PCI. At 6-month follow-up and at 1-year follow-up, 4 patients were alive.

CONCLUSION
In spite of the complex interventions, PCI patients had low in-hospital mortality and good clinical results at 1-year follow-up. Our observations are important in the clinical decision-making process of AMI due to ASOMC.


We present a cost-effective 24-channel two-dimensional (2-D) optical interconnection module. The optical module consists of a 2-D reflective mirror with high coupling efficiency, a hot-embossed 2-D optical waveguide, a 2-D uni-ferrule, a silicon optical bench for passive alignment, and a high-speed FR-4 printed circuits board. In a transmitter-receiver link test, the fabricated module exhibited the desirable characteristics of low jitter and rise-fall times at a channel data rate of 2.5 Gb/s.


Generalized-ray theory for time-domain electromagnetic fields in a horizontally layered medium is developed. After introducing appropriate integral transformations and source-type field representations in vertically inhomogeneous media, the solution is written out in terms of generalized ray constituents whose space-time counterparts are constructed with the aid of the Cagniard-DeHoop technique. The formulation lays the foundation to rigorously study time domain field behavior in numerous practical topologies where a stratified multilayer is involved, such as planar antennas and circuits, but also EMC and propagation problems.


Solidly mounted (SMR-type) thin film bulk acoustic resonators operating at 2.2, 4.1, and 8.0 GHz and with lateral extents from 30 to 500 mum were fabricated and their performance as mass sensors was evaluated theoretically as well as experimentally. It was found that increasing the frequency leads to a principally improved performance of these devices. Problems arising for the horizontal as well as the vertical dimension and structure are investigated