The relationship between parental involvement in children's education and children's academic performance is provided. A total of 110 (fourth grade children) participated in this study. The children completed the questionnaire "Quality of family interaction according to the children" and were evaluated by the using the School Performance Test (TDE). Results showed that the higher the frequency of mother-and father-child communication and the greater the parents' involvement in the children's school, cultural and leisure activities, the higher the children's academic performance. Results suggest the importance of parental involvement on the children's academic performance. In case of deficits is this area, the urgent need of programs aiming at improving the quality of the interactions between parents and their children, is enhanced.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the therapeutic effect of Shennong No. 33 (SN33) in treating multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) by APACHE II and APACHE II scoring.

METHODS
One hundred and twenty-nine patients of MODS were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 72) and the control group (n = 57), they were treated with comprehensive therapy and to the treated group, SN33 was given additionally. The changes of APACHE II and APACHE III scores and blood endotoxin level were observed at the time points of within 24 hrs after hospitalization, and the 3rd, 5th and 7th day.

RESULTS
In the treated group, 50 patients survived and 22 died, while in the control group, 25 survived and 32 died. The APACHE II and APACHE III scores of the survivors were higher than those of the decedent (P<0.05), which in the treated group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The blood level of endotoxin in the treated group was also lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
SN33 in treating MODS could improve patients' condition, lead to the lowering of APACHE scores. APACHE scoring system could be applied as the criteria for evaluating the condition and prognosis of critical patients, and the APACHE III scoring is more accurate.


This paper proposes a detailed mathematical model and a multi-level control scheme of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system used as a dispersed generator, including the PV array and the electronic power conditioning (PCS) system, based on the Matlab/Simulink software. The model of the PV array proposed uses theoretical and empirical equations together with data provided by the manufacturer, solar radiation and cell temperature among others variables, in order to accurately predict the current-voltage curve. The PCS utilizes a two-stage energy conversion system topology that meets all the requirement of high quality electric power, flexibility and reliability imposed for applications of modern distributed energy resources (DER). The control approach incorporates a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for dynamic active power generation jointly with reactive power compensation of the distribution power system. Validation of simulation results has been carried out by using a 250 Wp PV experimental set-up.


The aim of the present paper is to introduce a new subclass of meromorphic functions with positive coefficients defined by a certain integral operator and obtain coefficient inequality, convex linear combinations, extreme points, radii of close-to-convexity, starlikeness, convexity, Hadamard product and integral transforms for the functions $f$ in this class.


This paper presents a development of multi-fingered hand, which is modularized and can be attached to life-size humanoid robots. The developed hand has four fingers with 17 joints, which consist of 13 active joints and 4 linked joints. A miniaturized 6-axes force sensor is newly developed and is mounted on each fingertip for improving the manipulability. A main node controller with I/O, motor drivers, and amplifiers for 6-axes force sensors are also newly developed. These components are equipped in the hand for modularization. The developed hand is designed so as to realize about 8 [N] forces on the pad point of stretched finger, supposing transmission efficiency of drive system is 55 [%]. In this paper, the mechanisms of hand module, its specifications, and electrical system are also introduced.


Clinical experience with the recently wounded during World War II again emphasized that a deficiency of hemoglobin, among all the body proteins, is of particular surgical significance. It is our purpose in this discussion to focus attention on hemoglobin deficiency as a constant feature of systemic depletion in many types of chronic illness. In such progressive protein depletion the reduction in total circulating mass of red blood cells is masked at first by constriction of the plasma volume. This phase of protein deficiency, characterized by loss of weight, reduced blood volume and increased interstitial fluid volume, has been designated as chronic shock. 1 Obvious anemia and gross edema are later evidences of exhaustion of protein reserves. In a study of battle casualties with chronically suppurating wounds, loss of weight as great as 50 pounds (23 Kg.) and obvious protein depletion were not associated with edema or apparent anemia. 2 The


For the chemical tanker, cargo residues of substances with a vapour pressure greater than 5×103 Pa at 20°C may be removed from a cargo tank by ventilation. But according to the prevention of marine pollution (MARPOL73/78), the ones with a vapour pressure less than 5×103 Pa at 20°C must not be removed by ventilation.Recently stripping systems are developed, and on some chemical tankers the stripping residues quantity is decreased less than one litre by using thin pipe.If chemical substances with the little vapour pressure are removed by ventilation, this procedure is very useful for the operation and the prevetion for sea pollution.Hence the posibility of the removal by ventilation was examined by the model tank test and on board test. The experimental results show that the residues in the tank well is removed by ventilation using the suction pipe or stripping pipe. And the liquid adhering to the wall can be also removed by the ventilation.


Abstract We present the first case report of a labyrinthine artery aneurysm masquerading as an internal auditory canal tumor. A 72-year-old woman presented with sudden onset right facial paralysis, facial pain, hearing loss, and vertigo. She demonstrated dense right-sided facial paralysis involving all branches of the facial nerve, left beating horizontal nystagmus, and anacusis of the right ear. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast demonstrated a 6 × 7 mm peripherally enhancing lesion with lack of central uptake filling the right internal auditory canal. The patient elected to proceed with translabyrinthine approach to the internal auditory canal for definitive resection of the mass as well as to decompress the neural structures of the internal auditory canal in an attempt to recover neural function, particularly of the facial nerve. Intraoperatively, the internal auditory canal mass was resected with minimal difficulty, with intraoperative dissection notable for brisk bleeding at the medial base of the tumor just as the tumor was dissected off its medial fibrous attachments. Final pathology of the resected mass revealed a blood vessel with mucinous degeneration of the medial layer of the vessel wall, with immunohistochemical staining confirming the presence and structure of aneurysmal blood vessel.


Sampling-based motion planning algorithms such as RRT* are well-known for their ability to quickly find an initial solution and then converge to the optimal solution asymptotically as the number of samples tends to infinity. However, the convergence rate can be slow for high-dimensional planning problems, particularly for dynamical systems where the sampling space is not just the configuration space but the full state space. In this paper, we introduce the idea of using a partial-final-state-free (PFF) optimal controller in kinodynamic RRT* [1] to reduce the dimensionality of the sampling space. Instead of sampling the full state space, the proposed accelerated kinodynamic RRT*, called Kino-RRT*, only samples part of the state space, while the rest of the states are selected by the PFF optimal controller. We also propose a delayed and intermittent update of the optimal arrival time of all the edges in the RRT* tree to decrease the computation complexity. We tested the proposed algorithm using 4-D and 10-D state-space linear systems and showed that Kino-RRT* converges much faster than the kinodynamic RRT* algorithm.


We consider the tail behavior of the response time distribution in an M/G/1 queue with heavy-tailed job sizes, specifically those with intermediately regularly varying tails. In this setting, the response time tail of many individual policies has been characterized, and it is known that policies such as Shortest Remaining Processing Time (SRPT) and Foreground-Background (FB) have response time tails of the same order as the job size tail, and thus such policies are tail-optimal. Our goal in this work is to move beyond individual policies and characterize the set of policies that are tail-optimal. Toward that end, we use the recently introduced SOAP framework to derive sufficient conditions on the form of prioritization used by a scheduling policy that ensure the policy is tail-optimal. These conditions are general and lead to new results for important policies that have previously resisted analysis, including the Gittins policy, which minimizes mean response time among policies that do not have access to job size information. As a by-product of our analysis, we derive a general upper bound for fractional moments of M/G/1 busy periods, which is of independent interest.


A presentation drawing of the interior of the church of San Juan de los Reyes in Toledo, intended for the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, reveals aspects of the design procedures followed by Late Gothic master masons. Its unusual optical structure is designed to permit accurate representation of a dense collection of details to be executed by masters from various trades. The Toledan architect and sculptor Juan Guas has been believed to be the sole designer of the drawing. The Burgalese Simon de Colonia may have intervened in the design of the crossing, and a court blazoner must have provided the heraldic and religious program.


This paper broadly describes the e-Size project as well as presenting the preliminary results of its first pilot test an exploratory survey administered to a convenience sample of customers in the attempt to establish whether the integration of a size recommendation application into a menswear fashion retail website had been successfully achieved by verifying the size recommendations made by the application, and to assess the user experience of the application in order to determine its suitability for live user testing on the retailer's website. From the preliminary findings it emerges that all participants found the size recommendation application easy to use. The majority of participants received the correct size recommendation from the application, and would be willing to use the application due to its helpfulness in providing a size recommendation when shopping online, however, users' personal style and fit preference is an important factor, irrespective of the size that fits them correctly. By integrating additional garment and fit information into the application, retailers can ensure every user will be able to receive a tailored recommendation that meets both their size and personal style preferences.


An increase in the presence of the Ph-negative, trisomy 8 clone has been reported in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) under imatinib therapy, but any impact of the clone on patient prognosis remains uncertain. We report here on a 42-year-old male with CML who received imatinib after failure of interferon-alpha therapy. A chromosomal analysis revealed 18/20 trisomy 8 in bone marrow at 10 months of imatinib administration. Continuing imatinib at 300 mg daily resulted in a decrease in the number of trisomy 8 clones as well as the disappearance of Ph clone. Furthermore, the patient's pancytopenia was gradually improved. Imatinib therapy could be continued even with the emergence of trisomy 8.


The authors describe a case of an epidermoidal cyst of the spleen, which they were able to observe in an emergency case, due to suppuration of the cyst. Primary cysts of the spleen represent a rare dysontegenetic pathological condition which is, for this reason, often underestimated. The general clinical summary is related here, with particular reference to supporative complications, which cause problema of differential diagnosis with patients suffering from abscess of the spleen. The diagnosis can be made as a result of standard X-ray procedures and computed tomography and above all, following a simple scan. The treatment recommended in this case is an open splenectomy, in order to check the allarming clinical symptoms of the patient, which can deteriorate. The use of laparoscopical techniques or trans-cutaneous draining is reserved for salected cases.


It is revealed that in the normal phase of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field, there exists a contribution to the axial current associated with a relative shift of the longitudinal momenta in the dispersion relations of opposite chirality fermions. Unlike the topological contribution in the axial current at the lowest Landau level, recently discussed in the literature, the dynamical one appears only in interacting matter and affects the fermions in all Landau levels, including those around the Fermi surface. The induced axial current and the shift of the Fermi surfaces of the left-handed and right-handed fermions are expected to play an important role in transport and emission properties of matter in various types of compact stars as well as in heavy ion collisions.


We report a tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber (MA) actuated by thermomechanical bimaterial microcantilevers. The THz MA, which is suspended on a silicon substrate by the bimaterial microcantilevers, is a sandwich structure with a bottom Al ground plane, middle air and SiNx dielectric layers, and a top Al rotationally symmetric open split ring resonator. Upon application of a current, a Ti heating resistor integrated on the SiNx dielectric layer induces the bimaterial microcantilevers to bend, causing the air layer thickness to change, modulating the absorption of the THz MA. The tunable THz MA exhibited a relative modulation depth of absorption of 28.1% at 0.69 THz and a thermomechanical sensitivity of 0.12°/K. This tunable THz MA has potential applications in filtering, modulation, control, and THz imaging.


Pathophysiology of deeply infiltrating endometriosis remains controversial whereas physiopathologic mechanism of superficial endometriosis is nearly demonstrated. Superficial peritoneal implants derive from adhesion and proliferation of endometrial cells regurgitated in peritoneum with retrograde menstruation. Peritoneal inflammation involving cytokines as TNFalpha and aromatase over-expression might be involved in the endometriosis invasion processus. Specific molecular defects of both eutopic and ectopic endometrium have been identified for each of the processes involved in the disease development. Aromatase inhibitors decrease endometriosis lesions in a mouse model of endometriosis which was induced surgically. Few studies report efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in human endometriosis. Theoretically, aromatase inhibitors should not be used alone in premenopausal women because of the resultant increase in gonadotropin levels. Nevertheless, in premenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors may be used in association with Gn-RH agonists. TNFalpha is a secretory factor of macrophages that is known to be increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Granulosa cells from these women produce higher levels of TNFalpha. This cytokine can stimulate adhesion and proliferation of endometrial cells and enhances metalloproteasis expression, making thus endometrial cell invasion easier. It also stimulates angiogenesis by regulating expression of IL-8. TNFalpha is also cytotoxic to gametes. In mice and baboon models with induced endometriosis, anti-TNFalpha (TNF binding protein-1) decreases AFS score stage and reduces in size the endometriotic foci. No clinical assay has studied TNFalpha efficacy on human endometriosis.


In the CHORUS experiment, a search for associated charm production has been performed in the sample of 130,000 v interactions. Four events consistent with associated charm production have been found. In the neutral-current sample, three events with associated charm decay topology have been observed with an estimated background of 0.18±0.05. The relative rate of the associated charm cross-section in deep inelastic v interactions, σDISNC = (3.62+2.95-2.42 (stat) ± 0.54(syst)) × 10-3 has been measured. In charged-current vμ interactions, one event has a decay topology which is consistent with associated charm production. Based on one event with the estimated background of 0.18±0.06, we obtained the upper limit on associated charm production in charged-current interactions at 90% C.L. to be σ/Cc̄ μ)/σ < 9.69 × 10-4.


Ceratophora stoddartii is an endemic endangered relict of the genus Ceratophora which inhabit few localities in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. This is a unique lizard species with a prominent rostral appendage which resembles a Rhino-horn. C. stoddartii is highly adapted to montane cloud forests of Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the behaviours associated with its habitat utilisation in the Horton Plains National Park (HPNP) from January 2016 to January 2018. Transects of 100 m were conducted in the cloud forest and cloud forest die-back habitats of HPNP. A total of 324 line transects of 100 m were traversed monthly for C. stoddartii census. At each lizard sighting, the gender and maturity stage were determined. Body surface temperature of lizards was recorded at the first encounter using Extech IR201A Infra-Red thermometer. Substrate temperature and ambient temperature were also recorded. An ethogram was developed and focal animal sampling was conducted dividing the day into four time periods; morning, mid-day, evening and night. Activity level was determined considering the number of lizards that could be visually observed. The activity level peaked from 1000-1100h with an average of 5.1±1.76 lizards and gradually decreased in the evening. Alert behavior was the prominent behavior (34.5%) followed by resting (23.7%). When compared to other lizard species, a relatively low time was allocated by C. stoddartii for foraging related activities that include feeding and hunting prey items. The reduced time alocation for basking (10.8%) and locomotion (12.3%) suggests that C. stoddartii is a less active lizard that mostly prefers sit and wait predation equipped with good camouflage strategies. This species was mostly using the substrate temperature for its thermoregulation where there was a strong positive correlation between body surface temperature and substrate temperature (Pearson correlation=0.871, p<0.05). The correlation between the body temperature and ambient temperature was not strong despite being significant (Pearson correlation=0.545, p<0.05). Behavioral thermoregulation was also observed where C. stoddartii was seen seeking insulation inside the cradles created by mosses and other epiphytes that are abundant in the cloud forest. Mosses provided them insulation in cold weather conditions as well as in high temperatures. Therefore, the mosses and lichens which are highly sensitive to climate change and pollution are vital components of their microhabitats. The data generated by the present study will be useful for the conservation and management of C. stoddartii as well as its natural habitat. Keywords: Rhino-horned lizard, Behaviour, Thermoregulation, Cloud forests, Horton Plains National Park


Reliability is a key parameter for the development of safe and effective military vehicles with a reasonable life cycle cost. One innovative technology that is being promoted in the Department of Defense is the use of Health and Usage Monitoring Systems and remaining life prognostics to improve reliability and availability. The feasibility of using data collected from a limited set of existing and simple add-on sensors to make fatigue damage estimations on a complexly loaded component within a military wheeled vehicle system was investigated. Methods for identifying the critical inputs for fatigue estimation are evaluated and compared. A baseline physics of failure analysis was performed on an example component to evaluate the proposed HUMS algorithms and demonstrate the accuracy of resulting fatigue predictions.


Education reform aimed at achieving improved student learning is a demanding challenge for leaders at all levels of education across the globe. In Queensland, Australia, Assistant Regional Directors, School Performance (ARD-SP) of public schools are executive leaders at the forefront of this challenge, working with groups, clusters, or networks of schools and one-on-one with principals, focusing on the performance of their schools. The ARD-SP role was recently established to positively impact student learning across the entire public school system in Queensland.

The proposed study aimed to capture how ARDs-SP conceptualise and enact their leadership role. The study utilised a micropolitical perspective of leadership to understand the way in which these leaders talked about their leadership practices, their challenges, and the wider contextual factors impacting upon their work. A case study methodology guided the study and allowed ARDs-SP to share their understandings and enactment of executive leadership.

A conceptual framework drawing upon the micropolitical leadership framework of Blase and Anderson (1995) was employed to analyse the research data gathered. Data were collected from Education Queensland (EQ) (i.e. that sector of the Department of Education and Training in Queensland responsible for public schools) policy material and reports and two rounds of semi-structured interviews with 18 ARD-SP participants and two senior EQ executives.

The findings of this study were initially presented as four themes: performance, supervision, professional challenge, and system sustainability. They were then considered in the light of the literature and explored through the macro, meso, and micro layers within the conceptual framework. The key findings of this study found that ARDs-SP referred to using two different leadership approaches (i.e. an adversarial approach and/or a facilitative approach) when supervising school principals and the approach employed depended primarily upon the perceived performance of the principal. It was also found that the notion of supervision embedded within the role was perceived by ARDs-SP as problematic. These findings imply opportunities to refine the role and in doing so harness other system improvement strategies for EQ. An important contribution of this study was a reconceptualised conceptual framework that showed leadership approaches used by ARDs-SP as falling upon a continuum.


The purpose of this study is to find the relationships between knowledge sharing and spectatorship, and community identification of Korean professional-baseball teams SNS with the SNS use satisfaction scale. Data was collected through internet-survey, targeting SNS users of the teams, and relationship between each variable was investigated using AMOS18.0. As a result, among the subordinate factors of SNS use satisfaction, the usability and communication which are focused on social relationship had a positive effect on spectatorship, knowledge sharing and community identification, but openness and timeliness, which are functional satisfaction scale of cellphones that use SNS, did not affect each of the factors.


The a.c. electrical behaviour of thermally evaporated thin films of chloroaluminium phthalocyanine sandwich devices have been studied in the frequency range - Hz and in the temperature range 295 - 430 K. In the high-frequency region the a.c. conductivity is proportional to . Capacitance and dissipation factors decrease with increasing frequency and increase with increasing temperature. Such behaviour was found to be in good agreement with the previous results that we found for lead phthalocyanine. The results obtained show the relative importance of the hopping model and band theory in describing the film conduction with regard to the operating conditions. The hopping model is dominant at low temperatures and high frequencies, whereas the band theory is dominant at high temperatures and low frequencies.


Apparent Optical Properties(AOPs) and Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) of waters are the important contents on the research of regional water characteristics. The study of the article analyzed the Apparent Optical Properties(AOPs) and Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) of waters in the Caofeidian region, according to the water sample parameters collected from the field, spectral data gathered simultaneously and the coefficients for absorption a and backscattering bb of the waters calculated by Mie theory, Based on this, we developed the correlation analysis model between AOPs and IOPs of waters. Meanwhile, we analyzed the relationship of AOPs and IOPs on the single band corresponding to landsat5 and found the correlation between AOPs and IOPs in band3 was the best. The results of this study will be the basis for analyzing water characteristics and inversion water quality parameters by remote sensing in this area.


The definition of presentation layout, based on device and user features, can be useful to provide multi-devices content adaptation capabilities for hypervideos presentations. We provide a possible approach of content adaptation through different devices using MPEG-4 as presentation framework. In particular, we focus on the use of adaptable interfaces in hypervideos presentations, separating layout information from media data . A possibility of adaptation comes from separation of media representation and audiovisual scene structure in MPEG-4. We describe an implementation of this approach through XMT-A language, defining two layout examples and denoting advantages and problems encountered.


Surface samples were collected from the Jen-Gen River mouth, Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAHs concentrations varied from 283 to 1,277 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 671 ng/g. The spatial distribution of PAHs reveals that the PAHs concentration is relatively high in the river mouth region, and gradually diminishes toward the harbor region. Diagnostic ratios showed that the possible source of PAHs in the Jen-Gen River mouth could be petroleum combustion. The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQcarc) of PAHs varied from 43 to 169 ng TEQ/g. Higher total TEQcarc values were found in the river mouth region. As compared with the US Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the observed levels of PAHs at Jen-Gen River mouth were lower than the effects range low (ERL), and would probably not exert adverse biological effects.


This paper discusses future electrical power requirements for various possible space missions. Probable time frames are included wherever possible. Three categories of missions are considered: earth orbital operations including communication and weather satellites, manned orbiting laboratories, and scientific satellites; lunar operations in the post-Apollo era; and intrasolar system operations including manned and unmanned planetary missions, solar probes, and out of the ecliptic probes. Power levels necessary to support the missions vary widely; various levels from a fraction of a kilowatt to hundreds of kilowatts are discussed. This paper reaffirms the conclusion reached by a growing number of people that the availability of electrical power may pace future space explorations.


The management of insulin therapy in diabetic patients who have comorbidities that involve nutritional aspects, is a major challenge for diabetes care teams. In diabetic patients with compromised nutritional status, artificial nutrition, both enteral or parenteral, may help in the treatment of chronic and acute diseases, leading to better and faster recover of the health status but, if not adequately associated with insulin therapy, it may negatively affect blood glucose levels and lead to poorer metabolic control. In particular, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of diabetic patients during enteral nutrition therapy are not currently available and, therefore, medical practices are often based on case reports, rather than outcomes of research. We report our experience with a diabetic patient receiving nocturnal enteral feeding due to comorbidities and malnutrition, who was followed up at our centre and precociously treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion after the onset of type 1 diabetes. There is great need for adequately powered randomized controlled trials to provide scientific evidence for the insulin treatment of diabetic patients undergoing enteral feeding.


The chemical synthesis of alpha-L-Fucp-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-GalpO(CH2)5NH2, beta-D-GalpNAc-(1 --> 4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1 --> 3)-]beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-GalpO(CH2)5NH2, and alpha-L-Fucp-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-GalpNAc-(1 --> 4)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1 --> 3)-]beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 --> 3)-alpha-D-GalpO(CH2)5NH2 is described. These structures represent fucosylated oligosaccharide fragments of the glycocalyx glycan of the cercarial stage of the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, and in protein-conjugated form they are potential diagnostics in the search for antibodies raised against the glycan in the serum of infected humans.


This article presents the alternative goals of the central bank during the realization of the economic policy. The central bank can set the inflation or the economic cycle. Highly independent central banks (European Central Bank, Czech National Bank etc.) set the inflation, it means they minimise the inflation variability. Dependent central banks make us the Phillips curve and set the economic cycle. It means they minimise the output gap variability. If the central bank follows the inflation variability, the society must tolerate the output gap variability and on the contrary low output gap variability leads to high inflation variability. There is a negative relationship between the output gap variability and the inflation variability. The approach used in this article appears from the neoclassical model, it means from assumptions of the sticky price specifications and rational expectations.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the participation of females in the labor force in Thailand between 1960 and 1970. The demographic variables tested were age, sex, migration rates, employment, youth dependency ratio, and educational attainment. The findings of the study indicate that demographic trends are affecting economy, culture, and roles of women. Female participation rates in the economic sector increased, particularly in Bangkok. Although many Thai women still occupy traditional female roles, there are indications that sex roles are being modified as related to industrialization and urbanization.


Use your smartphone to scan this QR code and download this article ABSTRACT In the following paper, the symmetric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems will be studied thoroughly. Afterward, the existence conditions of solution sets for these problems has been established. The results which are presented in this paper improve and extend the main results mentioned in the literature. Our results can be illustrated by some interesting examples. In 1994, Noor and Oettli introduced the following the symmetric scalar quasi-equilibrium problem. This problem is one of the generalization of the symmetric scalar quasi-equilibrium problemwhich is presented by Noor and Oettli. Since then, the symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problem has been investigated by a huge number of authors in different ways. The research works mentioned above are one of our motivation to improve and extend the problem. So, in this paper, we will introduce the vector quasi-equilibrium problems. Afterward, some existence conditions of solution sets for these problems will be established. The symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems consist of many optimization related models namely symmetric vector quasi-variational inequality problems, fixed point problems, coincidence-point problems and complementarity problems, etc. In recent years, a lot of results for existence of solutions for symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems, vector quasi-equilibrium problems, vector quasivariational inequality problems and optimization problems have been established bymany authors in different ways. We will present our work in the following steps. In the first section of our paper, we will introduce the model of symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems. In the following section, we recall definitions, lemmas which can be used for the main results. In the last section, we will establish some conditions for existence and closedness of the solutions set by applying fixed-point theorem for symmetric vector quasi-equilibrium problems. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the main results in the literature. Some examples are given to illustrate our results. Hence our results, Theorem 3.1 and Theorem 3.6 have significant improvements.


Microseism source characterization and its genesis play a key role in linking microseism records to prevailing atmospheric and oceanic conditions. In the present study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of microseisms in the Andaman-Nicobar region using ocean-bottom seismometers and nearby continental stations data for the deployment period of January–April 2014. We attempted to establish a linkage between microseisms and ocean wave parameters derived from the ERA5 dataset. The short-period secondary microseisms (2–5 s) show a marked difference compared with long-period secondary microseisms (6–10 s) and are associated with local climatology and geomorphology. In contrast, long-period microseisms are related to distant sources in the South Indian Ocean. The primary microseisms (11–20 s) are weak in the Andaman region and do not correlate with any ocean wave parameters.


n patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma, performing an effective radioactive iodine ablation after total thyroidectomy requires adequate levels of serum thyrotropin. Administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) is the current established method for patients with insufficient serum TSH levels four to six weeks after surgery and levothyroxine discontinuation. Two major problems with rhTSH are its cost and availability in most countries worldwide. We have used propylthiouracil (PTU), a routine antithyroid drug, for the first time to induce a TSH rise. Our patient was a 33-year-old woman with remnant thyroid tissue of 11. 5×4 mm after thyroidectomy. Her TSH was 12.7 /IU/ml, five weeks after surgery, and rose to 30. 0 /IU/ml after a 10 day trial of PTU. Radioiodine uptake index also increased from 28% to 56%. Radioiodine ablation was successfully done and patient showed no sign of recurrence or metastasis after 4 years. We propose that anti-thyroid drugs may be considered for post-operative induction of TSH rise in patients considered for radioiodine ablation of thyroid cancer. This may increase the chance of successful ablations with least possible cost.


The mechanisms governing the induction of peripheral tolerance as a result of specific immunotherapy are far from being clearly characterized. In the last 15 years, a number of studies have highlighted the tolerogenic role of regulatory T cells, blocking antibodies and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β; however, the best part of our knowledge is mostly limited to mechanisms underlying the maintenance phase. By contrast, little is known regarding the very early effects seen in rush and ultrarush immunotherapy protocols. In this article, Bussmann et al. provide evidence on the possible role, first, of inhibitory receptors of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor family and, second, of the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and subsequent tryptophan starvation on the induction of specific tolerance within a few hours after the initial doses. They also suggest that the observed changes reflect the activation of protective mechanisms, which we are just beginning to understand.


Systematic structural study of the molecules, resulting from microhydrolysis of heterometallic beta-diketonate alkoxides of barium and strontium (single-source precursors of perovskite oxide materials), demonstrates that the structures of these products result from a thermodynamically driven self-assembly of metal cations and ligands directed towards the most densely packed cores. The ratio between metal cations, and of the cations to bidentate heteroligands, is easily changed to enable the highest packing density. The key to the application of single-source precursors appears to be the use of stoichiometric or superstoichiometric water amounts together with solvents preventing diffusion of possible homometallic intermediates. Eu-doped BaTiO3 nanoparticles have been successfully obtained and characterized.


The activities of choroform activated plasmin, spontaneously active protease (proteolysin) and trypsin inhibitor of the plasma of healthy young men and of patients with cancer and with a variety of acute and chronic diseases were determined.

Observations made on a group of patients shortly after admission to the hospital showed elevated values for the proteolysin and trypsin inhibitor in most cases. No relationship between plasmin, proteolysin, and inhibitor concentrations could be established.

Periodic analyses of the proteolysin and trypsin inhibitor were made on patients (a) after incomplete removal of cancer, (b) after complete removal of cancer, (c) during recovery from pneumonia, and (d) with a variety of chronic diseases. The proteolysin concentration dropped to zero soon after complete surgical removal of a cancer, and in other cases after successful therapy or surgery. The tryspin inhibitor remained elevated for an appreciable period.

The appearance of proteolysin in plasma is associated with necrosis and with inflammatory processes accompanied by elevated temperatures. The trypsin inhibitor concentration remains elevated in patients who have been operated on and in those whose tissues are undergoing readjustment to the normal state.

The significance of the changes noted in the plasmas of diseased individuals is discussed.


Abstract A 5 yr study in the semiarid wheat production region of eastern Washington documented the relative densities of pest aphids and their natural enemies in cereal production systems using on-farm replicated plots. The systems were reduced-tillage soft white winter wheat (SWW) (Triticum aestivum L.)—summer fallow rotation; no-till soft white spring wheat (SWS)—chemical fallow rotation; continuous no-till hard red spring wheat (HRS); and no-till HRS—no-till spring barley (SB) (Hordeum vulgare L.) rotation. The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), was the dominant species, followed in abundance by the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and rose grass aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walter), were infrequently encountered. Overall, aphid densities were low, with aphids rare or absent in SWW and SB plots. The data revealed no clear and consistent effects of cereal production systems on aphid densities, but it did reveal, based on analysis of data from continuous HRS plots, high among-year variability in S. avenae and D. noxia densities. Only in 1996 and only in continuous HRS was it necessary to chemically control damaging populations of D. noxia. English grain aphid densities never approached threshold levels. S. avenae parasitism averaged >16% in some spring wheat systems in 1998 and 2000, while only two mummified D. noxia were observed. Coccinellid beetle counts in all plots totaled 143 in 1998 and 163 in 2000, with 90.2% and 94.5% in the genus Hippodamia, respectively. The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. comprised 9.8% (1998) and 5.5% (2000) of the populations. The results suggest that damaging aphid populations are unlikely to develop in winter wheat, but populations in spring cereals warrant monitoring because they fluctuate from year-to-year and can be damaging.


Different commercial ESD gun models, although complying with the standard ESD waveform requirements in terms of rise time and current values for standard Pellegrini target, produce different ESD waveforms. The variations of the ESD source and target impedance in real-time with the change in the gun model affects the ESD susceptibility compliance testing results and immunity analysis for the estimation of possible ESD failure in a product. This study presents, for the first time, a novel generic ESD generator model using artificial neural network (ANN) based deep learning techniques. The developed deep learning model incorporates the characteristics of the real-time generated ESD waveforms by various commonly used commercial ESD gun models with different target load impedances. The presented model could be used as a generic ESD source for fast ESD susceptibility and immunity testing's at the design stage of a product using numerical or circuit-analysis-based tools.


For networks that exhibit neither concentration nor expansion, the well-known probabilistic model of C. Y. Lee is refined so as to take account of the dependence of events in different stages. For series-parallel networks, the refined model yields exact expressions for the point-to-point blocking probability. These expressions bear the same relationship to the refined model as the KittredgeMolina expressions do to Lee's model. Comparison between the two sets of expressions shows that Lee's model tends to overestimate the blocking probability. Asymptotic analysis of the new expressions leads to improved upper bounds on the cost: it is shown that a network that carries N erlangs with a blocking probability at most \epsilon > 0 can be built with 6N \log_{2} N + O(N \log \log 1/\epsilon) contacts.


Study Design. Retrospective cohort. Objective. The primary goal is to compare the clinical results of 2 types of constructs commonly used at the cervicothoracic junction: small rods (3.2-mm/3.5-mm rods) or transitional constructs. The secondary goal is to perform a case-control study of risk factors for pseudarthrosis at the cervicothoracic junction. Summary of Background Data. Various constructs have been used to stabilize across the cervicothoracic junction; however, no study to date has objectively compared their outcome. Our hypothesis was that both constructs would have similar fusion and complication rates. Methods. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database revealed 135 patients with the aforementioned constructs and having followed up with imaging at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. Univariate analysis comparing the 2 different construct groups was performed. Multivariate analysis for risk factors of pseudarthrosis was also performed. Results. There were a total of 10 patients with pseudarthrosis at 2-year follow-up. There was no difference in pseudarthrosis rate between the small rods (7%) and transitional constructs (8.6%) (P = 0.99). The overall construct lengths were similar (5.8 levels in small rods, 6.7 levels in transitional construct). Blood loss was higher in transitional constructs (574 ± 69 mL) than in small rods (236 ± 53 mL) (P < 0.001). Transitional constructs also had longer operating times (249 min) than small rods (207 min) (P < 0.03). Overall complication rate was higher in the transitional constructs (P < 0.03). Tobacco use, corpectomy, lack of an anterior construct, and construct length were all risk factors for cervicothoracic junction pseudarthrosis in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Overall pseudarthrosis rates were similar between small rods and transitional constructs. There was higher complications rate, blood loss, and operating time associated with transitional constructs. Pseudarthrosis risk factors at the cervicothoracic junction include tobacco use, corpectomy, lack of an anterior construct, and longer constructs. Level of Evidence: 3


We analyze data on sustainability of democratic regimes in resource rich countries and suggest a two-period model to explain why resource abundance may lead to instability of democracy in some countries, but does not create any difficulties for democratic system in other ones. Our central idea is as follows. If a country is abundant by point resources, this creates a prerequisite for resource owners to have dominant economic power. If institutions are weak under democracy, the economic power may be converted into political one. Resource owners («oligarchs») can thrust their preferred decisions on a parliament, bribing politicians. This creates a base for a potential Autocrat's strategy to get power. Rate of resource rent tax is considered as the only policy instrument in our simple model. The tax affects the income of a representative voter. Choosing a tax rate, Autocrat competes with conventional Politician (a representative political party) for the office. Our model takes into account the fact that the actual Autocrat's policy may be different from the announced one. If the difference between the two policies is big, then the public may rise up and throw the Autocrat down. Our main conclusions from the model exploration are as follows. The probability of democracy preservation is decreasing in the amount of resources, if the institutional quality is low enough. It is independent of resources and is determined only by cultural characteristics of the society, if the institutional quality is higher than the threshold. The level of the threshold, however, is positively dependent on the resource amount. These effects are consequences of the optimal Autocrat policy: the larger is the amount of resources, the stronger are Oligarch's incentives (inspired by Autocrat's policy) to bribe politicians.


Parasite of the genus Leishmania is reliant on the salvage pathway for recycling of ribonucleotides. A class I nuclease enzyme also known as P4 nuclease is involved in salvage of purines in cutaneous Leishmania species but the relevant enzymes have not been characterized in Leishmania infantum (L. infantum). The aim of this study was to clone and characterize the gene encoding class I nuclease in L. infantum. DNA extracted from L. infantum was used for amplification of P4 nuclease gene (Li-P4) by PCR. The product was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli for further characterization. Analysis of the sequence of Li-P4 revealed that the gene consists of an ORF of 951 bp. Sequence similarity analysis indicated that Li-P4 has a high homology to relevant enzymes of other kintoplastids with the highest homology (88%) to p1/s1 class I nuclease from L. donovani. Western blotting of antirecombinant Li-P4 with promastigote and amastigote stages of L. infantum showed that this nuclease is present in both stages of parasite with higher expression in amastigote stage. The highly conserved nature of this essential enzyme in Leishmania parasites suggests it as a promising drug target for leishmaniasis.


Productivity is a term in the production activity as the ratio between output (output) to the input (input). According Herjanto, productivity is a measure that expresses how well resources are organized and utilized to achieve optimal results. Productivity can be used as a measure of success of an industry or SMEs in producing goods or services. So the higher the ratio, the higher the mean product. Productivity measures can vary, depending on the aspects of output or input that is used as an aggregate basis, for example: index of labor productivity, the productivity of the direct costs, the total cost productivity, energy productivity, the productivity of raw materials, and others. Labor is the population that is of working age. According to Law No. 13, 2003 Chapter I Article 1, paragraph 2 states that labor is any person who is able to do the work in order to produce goods and services to meet the needs of both themselves and for society. Broadly speaking, the population of a country divided into two groups, namely labor and not labor. Population classified labor if the resident has entered working age. The applicable limit of working age in Indonesia is 15 years old - 64 years. According to this definition, every person who is able to work as a so-called labor. There are many opinions regarding the age of the workforce is, there is mention in the top 17 there is a mention over 20 years, and some have mentioned above 7 years because street children are inclusive workforce. Wages are the price for which remuneration is given one person to another. Remuneration for labor in the production activity is basically a reward / remuneration from the producer to the labor of his achievement that has been donated in the production activities. From this definition shows that the existence of wages in an organization can not be ignored and becomes very important. Because a factor related to achieving the goals of the company. If the company pays are not in accordance with the performance of its employees then it can not be justified, both human and continuity of the company. Age of the workforce is a productive age for each individual. Productive age in which every individual has been able to provide services to other individuals. Age for employment at this company is between 20 to 40 years. Age is considered to be very productive for the workforce. This study uses multiple linear regression were used to determine whether there is a variable wages, hours of work, and age, affect the production of the labor force on the CV. Bright Star Agro Rural District of Trimo Gedangan Turen Malang and variable whether the dominant influence on labor productivity in CV. Bright Star Agro Rural District of Trimo Gedangan Turen Malang Keywords: Productivity, Employment, Wages, Hours of Work, Age, Multiple Linear Regression


The goal of this paper is to summarize methodologies used in extracting entities and topics from a database of criminal records and from a database of newspapers. Statistical models had successfully been used in studying the topics of roughly 300,000 New York Times articles. In addition, these models had also been used to successfully analyze entities related to people, organizations, and places (D Newman, 2006). Additionally, analytical approaches, especially in hotspot mapping, were used in some researches with an aim to predict crime locations and circumstances in the future, and those approaches had been tested quite successfully (S Chainey, 2008). Based on the two above notions, this research was performed with the intention to apply data science techniques in analyzing a big amount of data, selecting valuable intelligence, clustering violations depending on their types of crime, and creating a crime graph that changes through time. In this research, the task was to download criminal datasets from Kaggle and a collection of news articles from Kaggle and EAGER project databases, and then to merge these datasets into one general dataset. The most important goal of this project was performing statistical and natural language processing methods to extract entities and topics as well as to group similar data points into correct clusters, in order to understand public data about U.S related crimes better.


Characterizing, describing, and extracting information from a network is by now one of the main goals of science, since the study of network currently draws the attention of several fields of research, as biology, economics, social science, computer science and so on. The main goal is to analyze networks in order to extract their emergent properties (Bhalla & Iyengar (1999)) and to understand functionality of such complex systems. Two possible analysis approaches can be applied to a complex network: the first based on the study of its topological structure, the second based on the dynamic properties of the system described by the network itself. Since "always structure affects function" (Strogatz (2001)), the topological approach wants to understand networks functionality through the analysis of their structure. For instance, the topological structure of the road network affects critical traffic jam areas, the topology of social networks affects the spread of information and disease and the topology of the power grid affects the robustness and stability of power transmission. Remarkable results have been reached in the topological analysis of networks, concerning the study and characterization of networks structure, and even if far from being complete, several key notions have been introduced. These unifying principles underly the topology of networks belonging to different fields of science. Fundamental are the notions of scale-free network (Barabasi & Albert (1999); Jeong et al. (2000)), cluster (Newman (2006)), network motifs (Milo et al. (2002); Shen-Orr et al. (2002)), small-world property (Watts & Strogatz (1998); Watts (1999); Wagner & Fell (2001)) and centralities. Particularly, centralities have been initially applied to the field of social science (Freeman (1977)) and then to biological networks (Wuchty & Stadler (2003)). Usually, works regarding biological networks rightly consider global properties of the network and when centralities are used, they are often considered from a global point of view, as for example analyzing degree or centralities distribution (Jeong et al. (2000); Wagner & Fell (2001); Wuchty & Stadler (2003); Yamada & Bork (2009); Joy et al. (2005)). A node-oriented approach have been used analyzing attack tolerance of network, where consequences of central nodes deletion are studied (Albert et al. (2000); Crucitti et al. (2004)). But also in this case the analysis have been concentrate on global properties of the network and not on the relevance of the single nodes in the network. Similarly, available software for network analysis is usually oriented to global analysis and characterization of the whole networks. To identify relevant nodes of a biological network, protocols of analysis integrating centralities analysis and lab experimental data are needed and the same for software allowing this kind of analysis. Cytoscape is an excellent visualization and analysis tool with the analysis features greatly enhanced by plug-ins. Plug-in such as NetworkAnalyzer (Assenov et al. (2008)) computes some node centralities but does not allow direct integration with experimental data. Applications such as VisANT 16


The composition and structural-dependence of the borohydride electro-oxidation on metal electrodes studied by density functional theory (DFT) is reviewed. The comparison of borohydride adsorption properties on vast structures and compositions of metals and alloys, such as surface facets, nanoparticle sizes and planes, metal alloy combinations as well as solvent effects are discussed. This chapter provides an in-depth but quick reference in understanding trends across many metal anode catalysts structures and compositions.


During photosynthesis, electron transport is necessary for carbon assimilation and must be regulated to minimize free radical damage. There is a longstanding controversy over the role of a critical enzyme in this process (ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase, or FNR), and in particular its location within chloroplasts. Here we use immunogold labelling to prove that FNR previously assigned as soluble is in fact membrane associated. We combined this technique with a genetic approach in the model plant Arabidopsis to show that the distribution of this enzyme between different membrane regions depends on its interaction with specific tether proteins. We further demonstrate a correlation between the interaction of FNR with different proteins and the activity of alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways. This supports a role for FNR location in regulating photosynthetic electron flow during the transition from dark to light. Introduction Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in chloroplasts requires NADPH. This is generated by the enzyme ferredoxin:NADP(H) oxidoreductase (FNR) using electrons from ferredoxin (Fd), which is reduced on excitation of photosystem I (PSI) (Shin et al., 1963). The pathway is referred to as 'linear electron flow' (LEF) because the electrons originate from water splitting at photosystem II (PSII) and are transferred in a linear progression to PSI via plastoquinone/plastoquinol (PQ/PQH2) and the cytochrome b6f complex (Cyt b6f), pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane (Hill and Bendall, 1960; Mitchell, 1975). Plastocyanin (PC) takes these electrons and re-reduces the oxidised PSI. This proton motive force drives synthesis of ATP, which is also required for carbon fixation among a host of other reactions. FNR shows an extremely high control co-efficient for photosynthetic rate (meaning that changing FNR concentrations strongly influences flux through the pathway) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum): 0.7 in limiting light and 0.94 in saturating light (Hajirezaei et al., 2002). Kramer et al. eLife 2021;10:e56088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56088 1 of 32 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chloroplasts are bounded by an envelope membrane and contain a soluble matrix (the stroma) and an internal membrane (the thylakoid) composed of two distinct domains: stacks of appressed discs known as grana, connected by sheets of membrane called lamellae (Paolillo, 1970; Mustárdy et al., 2008). Apart from the electron shuttling proteins PC and Fd, all components of LEF are unambiguously localised to the thylakoid membrane except FNR, whose location remains controversial. Although it has been found associated with PSI (Andersen et al., 1992), it is suggested that membrane association is unnecessary for FNR function (Benz et al., 2010). This is because mutation of two, higher plant specific, FNR tethering proteins (Tic62 and TROL) caused all FNR to be soluble but had little impact on LEF (Lintala et al., 2014). Current dogma therefore states that NADP photoreduction is conducted by soluble FNR, free in the stroma (Benz et al., 2010), and indeed a large proportion of FNR is recovered as a soluble protein after cell fractionation of algae (Mosebach et al., 2017) and higher plants (Hanke et al., 2005; Okutani et al., 2005; Böhme, 1978). Contrary to this theory, FNR enzyme activity increases when the protein is associated with the membrane (Carrillo and Vallejos, 1982; Forti and Bracale, 1984). PSI can be re-reduced by returning electrons from Fd to PQ, thus pumping protons without generating NADPH. This cyclic electron flow (CEF) protects the photosynthetic machinery when there is an imbalance between the production of excited electrons and their consumption (Huang et al., 2018; Yamori et al., 2016), and regulates the ratio between ATP and NADPH produced (Suorsa et al., 2012; Walker et al., 2014; Munekage et al., 2010; Joliot and Johnson, 2011; Kramer and Evans, 2011). Two CEF pathways have been defined: one is catalysed by a homologue of respiratory complex I called NDH (Burrows et al., 1998; Shikanai et al., 1998; Kofer et al., 1998); the other is defined by its sensitivity to antimycin A, and depends on the Pgr5 (Munekage et al., 2002) and PgrL1 proteins (DalCorso et al., 2008). There are some differences in CEF pathways between angiosperms, which retain the NDH complex, and algae such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii which replace it with an NDH2 type, monomeric complex (Peltier et al., 2016). Curiously, FNR is implicated in the antimycin A sensitive pathway, being found in complex with PgrL1 in the green alga Chlamydomonas (Iwai et al., 2010) and identified as a PgrL1 interaction partner in higher plants (DalCorso et al., 2008). Moreover, pgr5 knockout in Chlamydomonas increases FNR solubilisation (Mosebach et al., 2017). There is also some evidence supporting a function for FNR in higher plant CEF from inhibitor studies (Ravenel et al., 1994; Shahak et al., 1981; Bendall and Manasse, 1995; Mills et al., 1979; Cleland and Bendall, 1992; Ye and Wang, 1997; Hosler and Yocum, 1985), but a definitive mutant study is hampered by the severe phenotype when NADP reduction is disrupted (Bendall and Manasse, 1995; Lintala et al., 2012). Higher plant chloroplasts switch rapidly between LEF and CEF in response to environmental conditions (Joliot and Joliot, 2005; Asada et al., 1993) and dynamic transfer of FNR between membrane complexes has been proposed as part of this mechanism (Joliot and Johnson, 2011; Breyton et al., 2006). FNR iso-proteins with variable capacity for membrane association could help to test this hypothesis and have been identified so far in wheat, Arabidopsis, and maize (Hanke et al., 2005; Okutani et al., 2005; Gummadova et al., 2007). Arabidopsis has two FNR isoproteins (AtFNR1 and AtFNR2), and knock-out of the AtFNR1 gene results in complete solublisation of AtFNR2, indicating cooperativity in membrane association of the two FNR iso-proteins (Hanke et al., 2008; Lintala et al., 2007). Maize has 3 FNR iso-proteins, which are differentially localised between cell types engaging predominantly in CEF or LEF (Twachtmann et al., 2012). Remarkably, when we expressed maize FNRs heterologously in Arabidopsis, they showed specific association with either TROL (ZmFNR1), Tic62 (ZmFNR2), or were soluble (ZmFNR3). For clarity, the properties of the different Arabidopsis and maize FNRs are summarised in Supplementary file 1. The grana and lamellae domains of the thylakoid vary in protein composition (Andersson and Anderson, 1980), with PSII and its antennae in the appressed grana, and PSI, NDH, and the ATPase restricted to stroma facing regions (Daum et al., 2010). Cyt b6f is evenly distributed (Allred and Staehelin, 1986). As LEF requires PSI and PSII, it is thought to predominantly occur at border regions, where appressed and stroma facing membranes coincide, bringing the necessary components into proximity (Anderson et al., 2012). By contrast, the CEF components PSI, PgrL1/Pgr5 (Hertle et al., 2013), NDH (Lennon et al., 2003), and Cyt b6f are all present on the lamellae (Anderson, 1992; Chow et al., 2005). In order to understand whether FNR can act as part of a regulatory switch between LEF and CEF, it is therefore critical to understand (1) where it is located within the Kramer et al. eLife 2021;10:e56088. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56088 2 of 32 Research article Plant Biology


Abstract A next main step in understanding star formation is to link the sharp but narrow view of Galactic molecular cloud studies to the wider context accessed by less detail by extragalactic work. In this proceeding, we discuss how new technology and large programs at millimeter wavelengths are improving our ability to access physical conditions in the interstellar medium (ISM) of other galaxies. We highlight results from the multi-line survey of Usero et al. (2015), which measured density sensitive lines across nearby galaxy disks, and two new mapping studies of M51: the high resolution Plateau de Bure Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS) and the EMPIRE multi-line mapping survey. These results argue for a context-dependent role for gas density in star formation; that is, gas at a particular density does not appear to form stars in a universal way. They also demonstrate the influence of cloud-scale conditions, especially surface density and the velocity dispersion, in setting the small-scale density distribution and highlight gravitational boundedness as a main driver of the ability of gas to form stars. Beyond these specific results, we argue that ability to gauge detailed physical conditions in the star-forming gas of other galaxies promises major advances that will help unify the fields of Galactic and extragalactic star formation in the next few years.


Abstract Manual therapists question integrating manual lymphatic drainage techniques (MLDTs) into conventional treatments for athletic injuries due to the scarcity of literature concerning musculoskeletal applications and established orthopaedic clinical practice guidelines. e purpose of this systematic review is to provide manual therapy clinicians with pertinent information regarding progression of MLDTs as well as to critique the evidence for e cacy of this method in sports medicine. We surveyed English-language publications from 1998 to 2008 by searching PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases using the terms lymphatic system, lymph drainage, lymphatic therapy, manual lymph drainage, and lymphatic pump techniques. We selected articles investigating the effects of MLDTs on orthopaedic and athletic injury outcomes. Nine arti- cles met inclusion criteria, of which 3 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We evaluated the 3 RCTs using a validity score (PEDro scale). Due to di erences in experimental design, data could not be collapsed for meta-analysis. Animal model experiments reinforce theoretical principles for application of MLDTs. When combined with concomitant musculoskeletal therapy, pilot and case studies demonstrate MLDT e ectiveness. e best evidence suggests that the efficacy of MLDT in sports medicine and rehabilitation is specific to resolution of enzyme serum levels associated with acute skeletal muscle cell damage as well as reduction of edema following acute ankle joint sprain and radial wrist fracture. Currently, there is limited high-ranking evidence available. Well-designed RCTs assessing outcome variables following implementation of MLDTs in treating athletic injuries may provide conclusive evidence for establishing applicable clinical practice guidelines in sports medicine and rehabilitation.


We have developed a powerful, versatile image processing and analysis software package called MOSAIC, designed specifically for the manipulation of digital astronomical image data obtained with twodimensional array detectors. The software package is implemented using the Interactive Data Language (IDL), and incorporates new methods for processing, calibration, analysis, and visualization of astronomical image data, stressing effective methods for the creation of mosaics from collections of individual exposures, while at the same time preserving the photometric integrity of the original data. Since IDL is available on many computers, the MOSAIC software runs on most UNIX and VAX workstations with the X-Windows or SunView graphics interface.


Mobile laser scanning systems are becoming an increasingly popular means to obtain 3D coverage on a large scale. To perform the mapping, the exact position of the vehicle must be known throughout the trajectory. Exact position is achieved via integration of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS). Yet, in urban environments, cases of complete or even partial GPS outages may occur leaving the navigation solution to rely only on the INS. The INS navigation solution degrades with time as the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measurements contains noise, which permeates into the navigation equations. Degradation of the position determination leads to loss of data in such segments. To circumvent such drift and its effects, we propose fusing INS with lidar data by using building edges. This detection of edges is then translated into position data, which is used as an aiding to the INS. It thereby enables the determination of the vehicle position with a satisfactory level accuracy, sufficient to perform the laser-scanning based mapping in those outage periods.


. Mental health has become a domain of professional and scientific endeavor, distinguished in the modern mind from spirituality, which is understood as a more subjective, transcendent, and private concern. This sharp separation has been challenged in recent decades by scientific research, which demonstrates the positive bene- fits of spirituality/religion (S/R) for mental health. Increasing scientific interest in the topic is to be welcomed, but the contribution of theology to the debate has been neglected. It is proposed here that Jesus' life and teaching are presented in the synoptic Gospels as fundamentally concerned with what we now call mental health. Jesus' teaching on worry, for example, offers various psychological strategies for dealing with anxiety. Moreover, it presents prayer as an effective and constructive response to worry, involving disciplined attention rather than avoidance. Critical interdisciplinary conversa-tions between science and theology on matters such as worry offer a constructive approach to understanding the human condition in the context of adversity.


Considering the most relevant features registered in the literature about the paramyxovirus-like structures, and based on personal investigations, it is allowed to accept that they are membranous structural differentiations of the endoplasmatic reticulum. They represent products of cellular degeneration towards the most heterogeneous stimuli. Their viral origin can be eliminated due to their presence in a variety of diseases non correlated physiopathologically. Their fast constant presence in the cases of lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis allows to consider the paramyxovirus-like structures as an ultraestructural sign of diagnostic value in these diseases.


Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is induced in B10.PL (H-2u) mice by immunization with the immunodominant N-terminal epitope of myelin basic protein, Ac1-9. In the present study, we show that the site of immunization impacts disease incidence and severity. This effect is more marked in female mice than in males. Although immunization in the flanks is effective in eliciting disease, delivery of Ag in the footpad and tailbase results in poor induction. Analyses of the immune responses in female mice following different immunization regimens indicates that resistance to disease is accompanied by higher levels of IFN-γ and CD11b+Gr-1int myeloid cells. Such myeloid cells are known to have a suppressive function, and consistent with this knowledge, blockade of IFN-γ results in increased disease activity and decreased levels of splenic CD11b+Gr-1int cells. Conversely, injection of adjuvants (CFA or Pam3CSK4) in the footpad decreases experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence and severity. Our study indicates that the site of immunization can impact the magnitude of the ensuing inflammatory response, and that at a certain threshold a protective, regulatory circuit can be elicited.


ABSTRACT Typing of the porB variable region (VR) is an epidemiological tool that classifies gonococcal strains based on sequence differences in regions of the porB gene that encode surface-exposed loops. The frequent isolation of certain porB VR types suggests that some porin sequences confer a selective advantage during infection and/or transmission. Alternatively, certain porin types may be markers of strains that are successful due to factors unrelated to porin. In support of the first hypothesis, here we show urogenital tract isolates representing the most common PIA VR types identified in an urban clinic in Baltimore, MD, over a 10-year period belonged to several different clonal types, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Serum resistance, which was confirmed by factor H and C4b-binding protein binding studies, was more often associated with gonococcal the most common VR types. In contrast, three porin-independent phenotypes, namely, lactoferrin utilization, β-lactamase production, and multiple transferable resistance (Mtr), were segregated with the PFGE cluster and not with the VR type. Data combined with another PIA strain collection showed a strong correlation between serum resistance and the most common VR types. A comparison of VR typing hybridization patterns and nucleotide sequences of 12 porB1a genes suggests that certain porin loop 1, 3, 6, and/or 7 sequences may play a role in the serum resistance phenotype. We conclude that some PorB PIA sequences confer a survival or transmission advantage in the urogenital tract, perhaps via increased resistance to complement-mediated killing. The capacity of some porin types to evade a porin-specific adaptive immune response must also be considered.


This paper presents a new access-density-based prefetching strategy to improve prefetching for the access patterns that have not been dealt with in the current Linux read-ahead algorithm. These access patterns include: reading file data backwards, reading files in a stridden way (leaving holes in between two adjacent references), alternating references between multiple file regions and reading files randomly. When these patterns are used, the current Linux read-ahead algorithm cannot handle them because the read-ahead operation is not activated. Three metrics are proposed in the evaluation of the algorithm. The current results, obtained from a real prototype implementation in the Linux kernel, show that such prefetching can have a significant performance improvement on the aforementioned access patterns.


Lapatinib, an oral dual ErbB1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after trastuzumab-based first-line chemotherapy. Moreover, lapatinib has been found to be effective in patients with metastatic brain involvement. Here we report the case of a 55-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer and brain metastasis who achieved rapid symptom improvement and long-term disease control.


The purpose of this article is to present some early definitions of taṣawwuf, uttered by a Sufi who lived before the end of the first half of the third/ninth century known by his paidonymic Abū Yazīd al-Bistāmī (161AH–234AH). The importance of this discussion – which employs the historical analytical method – stems from the fact that the definitions under study reflect a highly developed Sufi experience. The paper concludes that Abū Yazīd's definitions are among the earliest known to us and that taṣawwuf had reached its maturity well before the end of the first half of the third century AH. This would I feel prompt researchers in the field to reassess and reconstruct the history of taṣawwuf, especially in its formative period, and might well lead to a new narrative of its development.


The meron is a special topological object that carries only one-half of the topological charge unit. In condensed matter physics, a spin meron corresponds to one-half of a spin skyrmion. As compared to the many fascinating topological properties of skyrmion materials, little is known of the properties of spin merons especially about their formation. It was confirmed only recently that hedgehog merons could exist in pairs with opposite helicities via a spin flux closure. However, it is unclear whether a single hedgehog meron could ever exist by pairing with another type of meron. Using element-resolved magnetic imaging measurements on epitaxial trilayer disks, we show that a spin meron with a full range of helicity, including the hedgehog meron, can be stabilized by pairing with another vortex meron with a fine tuning of the magnetic coupling between the two merons. Furthermore, the meron divergence is fully controlled by the polarity of the vortex meron, independent of the vortex helicity.


In this paper, I explore Dharmakirti's claim that when it comes to imperceptible objects, our cognition is unable to determine whether they exist or do not exist. Dharmakirti was arguably convinced that any attempt to account for nonexistent objects will inevitably introduce another set of valid cognition and this consequently leads to the fallacies of infinite regress and reification. Given his critique of his contemporaries' accounts of nonexistents, it is understandably clear that Dharmakirti declines offering ample explanations on the logical operations of nonexistents. Instead, he resorts to doctrinal authority to explicate the complexity that comes with the notions like rebirth and mind continua. Between the dilemma that arises from the tension between his commitments to both anti-realist Buddhist soteriology and realist epistemology, Dharmakirti chose the former. Alexius Meinong, on the other hand, develops a theory of objects that caters to a whole range of objects, including nonexistent and impossible objects, without committing to their ontological status. I argue in this paper that Dharmakirti's epistemology will be enriched by Meinongian frameworks in accounting for nonexistents. Through Meinongian accounts of nonexistent, the tension between dual commitments in Buddhist soteriology and epistemology can be solved. Likewise, Meinong will be obviously advantaged to take heed of Dharmakirti's critical reviews on the methodological limitations on account of nonexistents. In a nutshell, my comparative study of Dharmakirti's and Meinongian position on nonexistents helps us appreciate two vital philosophical perspectives that may enhance our understanding over the critical philosophical and epistemological issues facing them.


L-B is a clustered deepwater development comprising two greenfields currently approaching execution stage. The development concept is subsea umbilical, risers and flowlines (SURF) with dedicated Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) in L field and a long subsea tieback (20km) for B field. Due to this, production assurance is a major risk particularly for B field during production. To enable a holistic simulation of the production and injection system, an integrated network model (INM) is developed. This paper presents the systematic and integrated approach in developing the INM for L-B cluster, the calibration processes, and the resulting field modifications undertaken as an outcome of the model.
 The INM comprises dynamic reservoir model, well model and network model coupled using an integrator software. Robustness of each standalone model were assured through stringent construction and reviews by respective disciplines. Multiple collaborative forums participated by cross-function members were held to integrate the models. Next, a custom algorithm and method were developed to address specific field controls such as staggered voidage replacement ratio and skin growth over time. Once the models were compatible, multiple scenarios identified from Concept Identification Workshop were evaluated with INM. The results were then integrated into fiscal evaluations and ultimately facilitated decision-making for L-B project.
 Thorough utilization of the completed INM models generated vital data for future cluster production forecast of L and B fields:
 The in-situ FPSO operating pressure was accurately simulated using INM resulting in a dynamically responsive production profile, instead of sole dependence on reservoir model which uses a static pressure set up. INM was also used to identify and mitigate potential bottleneck along production system. Preliminary artificial lift options of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), Downhole Gaslift (DHG), Subsea Multiphase Pump (MPP) and Riser based Gaslift (RBGL) were analyzed and selectively narrowed down using INM. Outcomes of the analysis were favorable to MPP and RBGL which were then incorporated in the Concept Select scenarios. Ten scenarios with permutations on recovery method, onset of pressure booster installation, and artificial lift requirement were analyzed and decisively selected using results from INM. Study of new technology such as subsea separator was also concluded to be inapplicable in the field via INM evaluation. Finalized temperature modeling was used to cater for flow assurance constraints such as minimum Flowing Tubing Head Temperature (FTHT) requirement and generated inflow information to be incorporated into specialized Flow Assurance (FA) software.
 This paper will highlight the benefits of a comprehensive integrated network model covering end-to-end operations to mitigate flow assurance risk prior to field start-up. This model will also be readily utilized during the crucial production stage for calibration with actual field data to generate reliable prediction. The long-term application of INM will give greater assurance of production attainability in the L-B clustered development.


Levans are biopolymers of fructose, produced by different microorganisms.
Fructose present in the levan micelles binds with the Glucose Transporter 5 (GLUT 5) which is overexpressed
in the breast cancer cells.

Increased solubility of paclitaxel by loading in the GLUT 5 transporter targeted levan-based
micelles may enhance its bioavailability and facilitate a targeted delivery to the breast cancer cells.

Critical micelle concentration of levan with an average molecular weight of
800,000 Dalton was found to be 0.125µM corresponding to 0.1mg/mL using pyrene I3/I1 method. At
critical micelle concentration (CMC), levan formed very mono-disperse (PDI-0.082) micellar particles
with a particle size of 153.1 ± 2.31nm and -14.6 ± 2mV zeta potential. In-vitro drug release study was
performed to identify the fit kinetic model along with Fourier transform infrared analysis and Differential
scanning calorimetry studies. In-vitro kinetic model fitting revealed first-order drug release from
the prepared micellar composition. The drug-loaded micellar composition was studied for its anticancer
activity in breast cancer cell line. The IC50 value obtained was 1.525 ± 0.11nM on MCF7 cell line.

Paclitaxel micelles showed a nineteen-fold improvement in the IC50 value compared to
free paclitaxel. Hemocompatibility study was performed with a view to parenteral administration. This
solution containing drug was found to be hemocompatible when added to bovine blood in 1:4 ration.
Micelles are proven fairly compatible on the basis of hemolysis test results.


It was seen during the phase relation studies on the CeO2–YO1.5 system that the ceria is able to accommodate a large anion deficiency caused by aliovalent substitution. A neutron powder diffraction study has been carried out at room temperature for the titled solid solution, Ce1−xYxO2−x/2 with x=0.32, which is an anion-deficient variant of the ideal fluorite structure. The structure has been found to be face centered cubic. No superlattice reflections have been observed indicating that the vacancies occupy the random positions in this highly defective solid solution. The bond distances and angles are also being reported.


Learning Objectives: Respiratory viral infection (RVI) is a common cause of hospitalization in adults. The purpose of this study is to determine if testing for RVIs through utilization of point-of-care respiratory viral panel (RVP) improves antimicrobial stewardship and other clinical outcomes. Methods: This prospective, single center observational study was conducted from November 2017 through January 2018 in patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of pneumonia and obtainment of an RVP. The primary outcome of this study was to quantify the days of therapy (DOTs) and defined daily doses (DDDs) between those with and without an RVI. Data reported as median (interquartile range) or number (percent), as appropriate. Results: A total of 45 patients were included, of which 14 (31.1%) were found to have an RVI. In those with obtainment of respiratory bacterial cultures, more patients with an RVI had positive cultures compared to those without an RVI (7 of 8 vs. 9 of 23; p=0.023). There was no difference in classification of pneumonia (p=0.461) or Charleson Comorbidity Index (4 [2–5] vs. 4 [2–7], respectively; p=0.711) between those with and without RVI. No difference was seen between those with and without RVIs in total DDDs (10 [6–17] vs. 11 [8–19], respectively; p=0.320) and DOTs (6 [4–8] vs. 7 [5–10], respectively; p=0.248). Patient with an RVI had less DDDs of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics (1 [0–3] vs. 3 [0–8], respectively; p=0.040). No difference was seen in ventilatorfree days (p=0.510), hospital length of stay (p=0.455), or 28-day mortality (p=1.00). Conclusions:Diagnosis with an RVI was not associated with a decrease in overall antibiotic exposure, however these patients were exposed to less anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. Utilization of RVPs in a critically ill patient population had no effect in clinical outcomes.


Four pigeons had discrimination training that required the choice of a left side-key after completing a fixed-ratio 10 on the center key, and a right side-key choice after fixed-ratio 20. Correct choices were reinforced on various fixed-interval, fixed-ratio, random-interval, and random-ratio schedules. When performance was examined across successive 15-second intervals (fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules) accuracy was high in the first 15-second interval, decreased in one or several of the next 15-second intervals, and then increased again as reinforcement was approached. When performance was examined across correct trials on fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules, accuracy was lowest immediately after reinforcement, followed by a systematic increase in accuracy as the number of correct choices increased. These patterns were due primarily to errors on fixed-ratio 20 trials. Systematic accuracy patterns did not occur on random-interval or random-ratio schedules. The results indicate that when choice patterns differed on fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules, the differences were due to the method of data analysis.


Consumer electronics such as cellular phones and portable computers with short-range communication capabilities have enabled the large-scale information dissemination through user mobility and contact, without the assistance of communication infrastructures. In this new paradigm, one challenge is to determine when and how to forward a message to the destination, possibly through a series of third-party users. This problem has attracted a lot of attention in the literature lately, with proposals ranging from epidemic to single or multi-copy spray and wait or focus strategies, but most existing work assumed independent and identically distributed mobility. Observing most human mobility and interaction are interest-driven in the real world, in this paper, we evaluate the performance of these schemes with an interest-driven mobility model. We further propose to take the user interest into account when determining routing strategies to further improve the performance of these schemes for mobile social networks. Simulation results have demonstrated the efficacy of the interest-aware routing strategies.


Robert Eggers' 2019 film The Lighthouse provides an idiosyncratic representation of the mermaid as a Jungian anima in a film that revolves around the homoerotic tension between two lighthouse keepers on a remote, windswept island. While the mermaid theme is essentially a minor aspect of the film, juxtaposed with other mythological motifs, it is significant for the intensity of passions it catalyses in one of the film's two male leads. Analysing the film, its script and statements of directorial intent, this article first discusses aspects of the interaction of the masculine characters and their relation to mythic figures, before going on to discuss the role and design of the mermaid, and of the sex scene she appears in. Additional consideration is given to the role of music and sound design in building nuance and thematic intensity within the film.


Self‐organized InSb dots grown by atomic layer molecular beam epitaxy on InP substrates have been characterized by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. Measurement of high‐energy electron diffraction during the growth indicates a Stransky–Krastanov growth mode beyond the onset of 1.4 InSb monolayer (ML) deposition. The dots obtained after a total deposition of 5 and 7 ML of InSb present a truncated pyramidal morphology with rectangular base oriented along the 〈110〉 directions, elongated towards the [110] direction with {111}B lateral facets, with {113}/{114}/{111}A lateral facets in [110] views, and (001) flat top surfaces. The mismatch between the dot and the substrate has been accommodated by a network of 90° misfit dislocation at the interface. A corrugation of the InP substrate surrounding the dot has been also observed.


In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Schrodinger equation $iu_t +\Delta u= \lambda |u|^{\frac {4} {N-4}} u$ in $\R^N $, $N\ge 5$, with $\lambda \in \C$. We prove local well-posedness (local existence, unconditional uniqueness, continuous dependence) in the critical space $\dot H^2 (\R^N) $.


Over the past 20 years, conventional distance sampling from a helicopter platform has been used to estimate northern bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus ; hereafter, bobwhite) density over large areas of rangeland vegetation. However, it has been speculated that aerial surveys can complicate the ability to meet the distance sampling assumption of detecting 100% of the target objects on the transect line due to the restricted observer view from the helicopter. We attempted to use video cameras to determine whether missed detections occurred and whether digital methods could improve the precision of bobwhite density estimates. Our objectives were to 1) determine whether video cameras are a viable option to detect if coveys are flushing behind the helicopter and missed by observers, 2) determine whether coveys are flushing underneath the helicopter and missed by observers, and 3) explore the use of video cameras in a mark-recapture distance sampling (MRDS) framework. We recorded video while traversing line-transects with a helicopter during 4 distance-sampling surveys across 2 ranches in South Texas, USA. For objective 1, we reviewed footage from cameras with a backward-facing view and detected only 1 pair of bobwhites (0.001% of 889 coveys detected) that flushed on video footage recorded during the surveys but were unnoticed by observers. These results indicated that when coveys flushed, they rarely flushed behind the helicopter, and the helicopter flew at what seemed to be the proper speed and altitude to detect late flushes. For objective 2, we reviewed footage from a helicopter-mounted camera that was recorded within a swath underneath the helicopter's center. We recorded 22 flushes within the swath, none of which was missed by the observers in the helicopter; as a result, we could not complete an MRDS analysis in Program Distance. This study improved confidence in fulfilling the assumptions of distance sampling and resulting density estimates but was limited to flushing birds only.


Abstract Background: To our knowledge, so far, no studies have comprehensively examined the performance of 2-point and 3-point point-of-care compression ultrasound (POCUS) in the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the performance of 2-point and 3-point POCUS techniques for the diagnosis of DVT and evaluate the false-negative rate of each POCUS method. Methods: A computerized search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases was performed to identify relevant original articles. Bivariate modeling and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic modeling were performed to compare the diagnostic performance of 2-point and 3-point POCUS. The pooled proportions of the false-negative rate for each POCUS method were assessed using a DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model. Meta-regression analyses were performed according to the patient and study characteristics. Results: Seventeen studies from 16 original articles were included (2-point, 1337 patients in 9 studies; 3-point, 1035 patients in 8 studies). Overall, 2-point POCUS had similar pooled sensitivity [0.91; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.68–0.98; P = .86) and specificity (0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; P = .60) as 3-point POCUS (sensitivity, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83–0.95 and specificity, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–0.99). The false-negative rates of 2-point (4.0%) and 3-point POCUS (4.1%) were almost similar. Meta-regression analysis showed that high sensitivity and specificity tended to be associated with an initial POCUS performer (including attending emergency physician > only resident) and separate POCUS training for DVT (trained > not reported), respectively. Conclusion: Both 2-point and 3-point POCUS techniques showed excellent performance for the diagnosis of DVT. We recommend that POCUS-trained attending emergency physicians perform the initial 2-point POCUS to effectively and accurately diagnose DVT.


For most carbon‐based materials, hierarchical porous structure including well‐defined macropores, mesopores, and micropores is commonly seen in 3D aerogels, monoliths, or some carbothermic natural biomass. However, because of the filiform character and long draw ratio, it is difficult to achieve such pore network as well as attain excellent mechanical performance in a 1D single carbon fiber system. To address this issue, an innovative hierarchical porous and hollow carbon textile (HPHCT) is developed via the "dynamic template (KOH, SiO2, and Al2O3) calcination" strategy. Unlike conventional one‐step activated carbonized fiber simply with meso or micropores, the fabricated textile generates honeycomb‐like macropores uniformly spreading on fiber surface. More importantly, the ultra‐lightweight yet flexible HPHCT is mechanically robust, superior to ordinary carbonized one. In addition, it delivers high capacitance of maximum 220 F g−1 as well as keeping long term stability with 100% retention after 10 000 cycles as freestanding electrodes in supercapacitor. Meanwhile, the all‐solid integrated symmetric HPHCT supercapacitors demonstrates its high potential in powering electronics for wearable energy storage application.


The human mankind have been documenting and reading documents for centuries. It is as
common if not more, as knowing how to ride a bike or how to swim. Yet many organizations do
not know how to use document to maximize profit and save time.
This study was carried out at the Department of applied Information Technology, Chalmers
University of Technology in corporation with Volvo GTT, since January 2013. This master
thesis is based on a study to find different factors behind documentation and checklist. In order
to do so a study was made at the team BF63590 at Volvo GTT, which develops rigs for verifying
engines to ensure that they meet the environmental and technical requirements at Volvo GTT.
The aim of the thesis was to investigate how industrial organizations can maximize profit and
save time when using documentation in projects. To accomplish the thesis aim, data was
collected in form of literature study and interviews. There were 67 interviews performed with 20
different people, mainly employees working at Volvo GTT, but also academics and experts
within the subject of documentation.
A document matrix was developed for the team BF63590 with an overview of the total 117
documents used in their projects. The document matrix narrowed down 117 documents to 57
documents for further use at BF63590 (see appendix 2). The thesis also concludes that there are
several factors behind an effective document, these factors are the length, the communication
type, deviations within an organization and the time spent on creating a document. Organizations
should consider the different factors and depending on the structure and environment of an
organization navigate and implement the strategy that will save the organization time and
increase profits.
The significance of these findings and recommendations on further work should hopefully help
BF63590 and other researchers who find the topic of documentation and checklists interesting.


Innovation and unemployment are two economic elements related to each other that have been constantly analyzed in the economic debates from the beginning of the 21st century. A classical question is whether innovation creates or destroys jobs. The conventional approach contemplates innovation as a transformation instrument of an economy, resulting in economic growth and jobs creation. Another approach points out to various mechanisms which can compensate the primary effect of innovations and cause an ultimate effect of innovations on labour demand to be unclear. In view of the fact that there are many different explanations about the impact of innovations on labour demand, this paper, after the analysis of theoretical and empirical scientific literature in this field, provides an empirical analysis with unemployment as the dependent variable. The authors use data from 28 European Union countries for the period of 1992–2016 and pursue to research how technological innovations affect unemployment rate. There are two core independent variables – expenditure on R&D (research and development) and number of patent applications – as the main proxies for technological innovations. Control variables that affect unemployment are included to the model as well. The model was estimated using a dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) of a panel data system. After the composition of 12 different estimations of the model, the results suggest that, in some cases, technological innovations affect unemployment.


OBJECTIVE: To establish the feasibility and safety of an appropriately trained clinical nurse specialist performing diagnostic cardiac catheterisation. DESIGN: Non-randomised retrospective comparison between the first 100 and second 100 consecutive investigations by a clinical nurse specialist and 200 consecutive patients investigated by two cardiology registrars over a similar period. SETTING: Regional cardiac centre performing 3200 catheterisation procedures per annum. PATIENTS: 200 patients undergoing routine (non-emergency) cardiac catheterisation for investigation of ischaemic heart disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Procedural complications, image quality, fluoroscopy times. RESULTS: Satisfactory diagnostic images in all nurse specialist cases with no deaths and two complications (coronary artery dissection and femoral pseudoaneurysm). Procedure duration and fluoroscopy times slightly shorter for clinical nurse specialist by 3 and 1.6 minutes, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Non-medical practitioners can be trained to perform straightforward cardiac angiography in low risk patients with consultant supervision, as for cardiology registrars. With important restrictions such posts may have a limited role in supporting future consultant based services.