The KJV translates lmwH in Ezekiel 1 as "amber" (fossilized resin) whereas the Septuagint renders it "electron" (translated in the Vulgate as electrum, which is a mixture of gold and silver). Amber possesses the characteristic of static electricity, and has been known to fly into splinters when polished, thus the use of lmwH with the meaning of amber contributes to the sense of a dynamic mechanism moving outwards from the merkebah throne. When lmwH is taken in context the communicative aspect is most clearly conveyed in Ez 1:14, which suggests angelic activity in the movement described as back and forth from the throne of YHWH. The suggestion of a dynamic communicative aspect is confirmed when extra-biblical texts relating to Ezekiel chapters 1 and 10 such as I Enoch, Book of Watchers, and the Angelic Liturgy from Qumran, are consulted. Thus it is argued that the metaphorical use in Ezekiel 1 of LmWH as amber to explain the mechanism of mediation believed to arise from the enthroned deity justifies the translation as amber.


OBJECT
Extension teardrop fracture of the axis is an extremely rare cervical spinal injury. The classic clinical features, which have mainly been described by radiologists rather than spine surgeons, include its occurrence in elderly patients with osteoporosis, an association with minimal or no prevertebral soft-tissue swelling, and an absence of associated neurological deficit. However, recent case studies indicate notable exceptions to these clinical features, although few studies have investigated osteoporosis in these patients. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the clinical features of extension teardrop fracture of the axis.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed data obtained in 13 patients with regard to their injury etiology, neurological deficit, treatment and outcome (residual neck pain), and imaging findings (size and displacement of the fragment, C2-3 subluxation, disc injury, and osteoporosis of the axis).

RESULTS
Extension teardrop fracture of the axis constituted 11.6% of upper cervical spinal injuries at the authors' institute. The mean age of the patients was 49.5 years and distinct osteoporosis was identified in only 1 patient. A C2-3 subluxation was observed in 2 patients, in whom the displacement of the fragment was significant, although its size did not appear to have an effect. Magnetic resonance imaging, undertaken in 7 patients within 48 hours of injury, showed no disc injuries. Instability of the cervical spine was absent in all patient at follow-up. Only one patient underwent surgery for the presenting symptoms of dysphagia. The other patients were treated conservatively. The authors examined 9 patients directly; these patients had bony fusion and did not complain of neck pain, except for a patient with traumatic spondylolisthesis.

CONCLUSIONS
Extension teardrop fracture of the axis is generally caused by hyperextension of the cervical spine caused by a direct high-energy blow to the forehead or mandible. Based on the present case study, the authors believe that osteopenia and older age should not be considered risk factors. Most patients with an extension teardrop fracture of the axis can be treated conservatively, and surgical intervention may only be indicated for specific cases, such as those in which a patient presents with dysphagia or with other complicated fractures.


The bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin in active human serum was investigated using serum-resistant Escherichia coli C14 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 220 as test organisms. In 100% or 80% human serum the growth rate of E. coli C14 was lower than in broth. This also influenced the killing rate of ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin was more active in serum than norfloxacin or ofloxacin and killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 220 much more rapidly than azlocillin or tobramycin. Rapid killing was also observed in vivo in the blood of intraperitoneally infected mice, ciprofloxacin being superior to norfloxacin, ofloxacin and sisomicin. In mouse protection studies with E. coli Neumann as infecting organism, the dose-effect ratio showed that, despite extremely low blood concentrations, ciprofloxacin had a full therapeutic effect at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg p.o. or less than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg s.c., whereas cefotaxime, despite similar low MIC values in vitro, had to be administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg s.c. in order to achieve 100% survival. These data indicate that ciprofloxacin is effective at low concentrations both in vitro and in vivo.


Since untethered sensor nodes operate on battery, and because they must communicate through a multi-hop network, it is vital to optimally configure the transmit power of the nodes both to conserve power and optimize spatial reuse of a shared channel. Current topology control algorithms try to minimize radio power while ensuring connectivity of the network. We propose that another important metric for a sensor network topology will involve consideration of hidden nodes and asymmetric links. Minimizing the number of hidden nodes and asymmetric links at the expense of increasing the transmit power of a subset of the nodes may in fact increase the longevity of the sensor network. In this paper we explore a distributed evolutionary approach to optimizing this new metric. Inspiration from the Particle Swarm Optimization technique motivates a distributed version of the algorithm. We generate topologies with fewer hidden nodes and asymmetric links than a comparable algorithm and present some results that indicate that our topologies deliver more data and last longer.


The authors report the case of a 25-year-old man with a thoracolumbar extradural arachnoid cyst who underwent expansive duraplasty. Symptoms, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging features, and intraoperative findings suggested the involvement of entrapment neuropathy in the manifestation of symptoms. To the authors' knowledge, this case represents the first evidence that expansive duraplasty can achieve complete resolution of the symptoms in a patient with a spinal extradural arachnoid cyst. The results indicate that duraplasty may be an alternative option in cases in which complete resection of the lesion is difficult and widening of the dural sac is necessary at surgery.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine whether the required disclosure and the high frequency of key audit matters (KAMs) are likely to moderate the effect of higher credit risk on earnings quality.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses 15,106 Taiwanese firm-year observations to explore the relationship between earnings quality and credit risk during the 2011 to 2020 period. We use the two-stage least squares method to test whether the presence of KAM disclosures moderated the association between earnings quality and credit risk and also to examine whether higher KAM frequency moderates the association between earnings quality and credit risk.

Findings
Our results provide evidence that the presence of a KAM disclosure requirement moderates the impact of firms with higher credit risk on earnings quality. In addition, there is significant evidence that the higher the frequency of KAM disclosures the greater the moderation impact that is found.

Originality/value
This research investigates whether the disclosure and high frequency of KAMs moderates the effect of credit riskiness on earnings quality. This study improves our understanding of whether more KAMs disclosures would improve earnings quality of firms with higher credit risk. In addition, we also use Beneish M-SCORE, as an alternative earnings quality proxy, to reinforce our empirical results. This markedly differentiates this paper from other studies.


Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a rare complication of wasp stings. Currently, there is no standardized treatment for MODS secondary to multiple wasp stings, although blood purification techniques are often used. This study aimed to analyze our experiences of using intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) with or without high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) for treating acute wasp stings complicated by MODS. In this retrospective study, 36 patients with wasp stings complicated by MODS received either IHD combined with hemoperfusion, or HVHF (ultrafiltration flow rate, 70 mL/kg/h) combined with hemoperfusion for 5 days followed by IHD. Clinical symptoms, blood biochemical parameters, duration of mechanical ventilation, use of vasoactive agents, duration of hospital stay and survival rate were recorded, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) scores estimated. Patients treated with HVHF followed by IHD appeared to exhibit a faster recovery than those receiving IHD alone, as evidenced by superior improvements in MOD (4.29±1.08 vs. 2.27±1.07) and APACHE II (7.09±2.62 vs. 4.20±1.69) scores (P < 0.05). Patients treated with HVHF had significantly lower myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin and creatinine levels than patients treated with IHD alone. In addition, the durations of hospital stay (13.15±2.77 vs. 27.92±3.18 days), vasopressor use (1.76±0.24 vs. 3.43 ± 1.01 days), mechanical ventilation (3.02±1.63 vs. 5.94 ± 2.11 days) and oliguria (6.57±2.45 vs. 15.29 ± 3.51 days) were reduced, and renal function more often recovered (85.1% vs. 53.1%), in the HVHF group compared with the IHD group (P < 0.05). These results raise the possibility that HVHF plus IHD may be superior to IHD alone for the treatment of acute wasp stings complicated by MODS; additional prospective studies are merited to explore this further.


Deep learning has been attracting attention as a new tool for image reconstruction. However, there is a lack of appropriate automatic evaluation metrics for reconstruction performance of small structures such as lesions, which poses a high hurdle for clinical application. Here, we explored the relationship between radiomic features of tumors and various DL reconstruction conditions, and proposed a new method based on radiomics to evaluate the reconstruction performance of DL against lesions. Based on the analysis using the concordance correlation coefficients for ground truth images, we explored several texture features that are sensitive to differences in reconstruction methods and conditions.


Under the assumption that the coupling between the sound modes and modes associated with heat and mass diffusion can be neglected, an expression for the Landau-Placzek ratio for multicomponent fluids is derived using thermodynamic fluctuation theory. Applications of the general formula to ternary systems arc discussed briefly.


We have developed a manufacturing system by combination of high-pressure synthesis method using a multi-anvil press, and spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. By means of the system, we have succeeded in synthesizing new filled skutterudite-type thermoelectric materials MmxCo4Sb12 (Mm=mischmetal). The thermoelectric properties of partially filled skutterudite compounds MmxCo4Sb12 synthesized under high pressure have been investigated. The Seebeck coefficient of MmxCo4Sb12 shows negative value, which means n-type conductivity. The highest dimensionless figure of merit ZT value is 0.25 for Mm0.6Co4Sb12 at 700 K.


The Spanish National Health System (SNHS) has sustainability problems resulting from weaknesses in institutional design and governance compounded by the economic crisis it faces. The global economic crisis has had a particularly virulent impact in Spain, characterized by high levels of unemployment and public and private debt. Fiscal adjustment policies implemented may significantly compromise the SNHS. Along with general funding problems, the strong territorial decentralization of health jurisdictions in the Autonomous Communities has not been backed up by efficient State-level health coordination. The SNHS suffers from problems in its rules of governance, its autonomous financing system, human resource policies and diversity of direct and indirect management models in different Autonomous Communities. A reform strategy in Spanish healthcare governancemust be articulated within the context of a broader review of public policies to stabilize the lines of defense of the welfare state. Within the scope of the health sector, the financing system must be improved and institutional changes to increase efficiency must be implemented.


Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by noncaseating sterile granulomas. Similar histologic changes have been found in perianal skin, around stomal openings, in the oral cavity, and at distant cutaneous sites. In the latter situation, the term "metastatic Crohn's disease"1 has been employed. Report of a Case A 30-year-old woman with a 14-year history of CD of the small intestine and colon had had erythematous, red nodules involving all of her limbs for several months. About ten to 15 nodules had developed, some that were tender, and many that subsequently healed with hypopigmentation but without complicating ulceration, drainage, or scarring. Similar lesions had been present 12 years previously but had disappeared after the distal part of her involved ileum and proximal part of the colon had been resected. She was taking 500 mg/day of sulfasalazine and cyanocobalamin. She had been taking oral prednisone frequently during the


Planthoppers are highly destructive pests that damage rice plants by feeding and transmitting viruses. They feed on phloem sap using specialized mouthparts and secrete saliva during feeding. Over the past decade, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches have greatly improved our understanding of the complexity of planthopper saliva, and have provided a glimpse of planthopper-plant interactions. Here we focus on a few recent advances in planthopper saliva and discuss how salivary components influence planthopper performance. Understanding the molecular basis of saliva in planthopper-plant interactions will provide evolutionary insights, and promote the development of novel strategies for controlling agricultural pests.


As previously reported, P. aeruginosa genes PA2077 and PA2078 code for 10S-DOX (10S-Dioxygenase) and 7,10-DS (7,10-Diol Synthase) enzymes involved in long-chain fatty acid oxygenation through the recently described oleate-diol synthase pathway. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of both enzymes revealed the presence of two heme-binding motifs (CXXCH) on each protein. Phylogenetic analysis showed the relation of both proteins to bacterial di-heme cytochrome c peroxidases (Ccps), similar to Xanthomonas sp. 35Y rubber oxidase RoxA. Structural homology modelling of PA2077 and PA2078 was achieved using RoxA (pdb 4b2n) as a template. From the 3D model obtained, presence of significant amino acid variations in the predicted heme-environment was found. Moreover, the presence of palindromic repeats located in enzyme-coding regions, acting as protein evolution elements, is reported here for the first time in P. aeruginosa genome. These observations and the constructed phylogenetic tree of the two proteins, allow the proposal of an evolutionary pathway for P. aeruginosa oleate-diol synthase operon. Taking together the in silico and in vivo results obtained we conclude that enzymes PA2077 and PA2078 are the first described members of a new subfamily of bacterial peroxidases, designated as Fatty acid-di-heme Cytochrome c peroxidases (FadCcp).


Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal human tumors with extensive heterogeneity. Serine protease 3 (PRSS3) is an indispensable member of the trypsin family and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies including HCC. However, paradoxical effects of PPRSS3 on carcinogenesis impede the utilization of its biomarker potential. We hereby systematically dissected the expression of four known splice variants of PRSS3 (PRSS3-SVs) and their functional relevance to HCC.
Methods

The expression and DNA methylation of PRSS3 transcripts and their associated clinical relevance in HCC were analyzed using several publicly available datasets and were validated using qPCR-based assays. Functional assays were performed on gain- and loss-of-function cell models, in which PRSS3 transcript constructs were separately transfected after PRSS3 expression was knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9 editing.
Results

 PRSS3 expression was differentially decreased in HCC cell lines and tissues attributable to aberrant expression of PRSS3-SVs towards bipolarity, in which PRSS3-V2 and then -V1 were dominantly expressed whereas PRSS3-V3 and -V4 were rarely or minimally expressed. The expression of PRSS3-V2 or -V1 was reversely associated with site-specific CpG methylation and was distinct between lowly-expressed PRSS3-SVs with hypermethylation (mPRSS3Low) and highly-expressed PRSS3-SVs with hypomethylation (umPRSS3High). Function analysis revealed that PRSS3-V2 exhibited oncogenic functions distinct from a tumor-suppressive role of ectopic PRSS3-V1 or -V3, or PRSS3-V4 with inhibitory effects in PRSS3 knockout HCC cells. Clinically, aberrant expression of PRSS3-SVs was translated into divergent relevance in patients with HCC, in which significant epigenetic downregulation of PRSS3-V2 was seen in early HCC and was associated with favorable patient outcome.
Conclusions

Aberrant expression of divergent PRSS3-SVs disrupted by CpG methylation may integrate the effects of oncogenic PRSS3-V2 and tumor-suppressive PRSS3-V1, resulting in the molecular diversity and functional plasticity of HCC. Dysregulated expression of PRSS3-V2 by site-specific CpG methylation may have potential diagnostic value for patients with early HCC.


The paper presents the results of independent development of an electronic database and its introduction into the work of a pathology department, considers the basic problems of the introduction stage, and refers to the MS Access solution.


Divorce can be an important behavioral strategy to improve fitness. This is particularly relevant for species that are territorial year-round with continuous partnerships, where individuals face constraints on partner choice due to limited vacancies and dispersal opportunities. We tested several hypotheses for divorce in such a species, the cooperatively breeding bird Malurus coronatus. Based on 9 years of detailed information on dispersal and survival of 317 breeding pairs, we tested whether divorce is driven by inbreeding avoidance, by a better partner or territory, or by social variables (number of subordinates and fidelity of partners). We found that divorce is important to escape incest: incestuous pairs were substantially more likely to divorce (64%) than non-incestuous pairs (14%). However, incestuous pair bonds lasted up to a year, highlighting constraints on breeder dispersal. Non-incestuous pairs also divorced, but here the only predictor for divorce was the presence of extrapair offspring in a previous brood. Although reproductive failure did not trigger divorce, and reproductive success did not improve in the year following divorce, females that dispersed after divorce obtained higher quality territories, unlike females that dispersed after their partner died. Thus, divorce may be a strategy to improve long-term benefits associated with better territories. Some divorces appeared to be forced evictions by older females, although direct evidence for this is limited. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the complexity of factors that affect the occurrence of divorce when partner choice is constrained.


ABSTRACT 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium L., has pharmacological activity for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB show activity of anticancer. In this study, we determined the effect of DTC and TPA in combination on HL-60 cells cultured in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have shown that DTC and TPA synergistically inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells and strongly induced apoptosis in the cells. Mechanistic studies showed that the combined effects of DTC and TPA were associated with a decrease in Bcl-2. The animal experiment showed that the combination of DTC and TPA more potently inhibited the growth of HL-60 tumors than either agent alone. Our results indicate that the administration of TPA and DTC in combination may be an effective strategy for inhibiting the growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Graphical abstract TC and TPA synergistically inhibit HL-60 cells growth via a decrease of Bcl-2 in vitro and in vivo.


The poor plantain output problem in Anambra centers on the efficiency with which farmers use resources on their plantain farm. It also borders on how the various factors that affect plantain production can be examined, so as to improve plantain production in the country. The inefficiency problem is attributed to factors such as use of low input technologies, lack of knowledge of high input technologies, amongst others. The study therefore examined farmers' productivity of improved plantain technologies in Anambra State, Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, productivity indices, multiple regression and gross margin analysis. Analysis of productivity indices based on resource use efficiency shows that the farmers are highly efficient in the use of planting materials and labor. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that farmers' age, farm size, household size, educational status, planting materials, extension contact and labor are the main determinants of plantain productivity in the state. Gross margin per hectare of plantain averaged N988750 while net farm income averaged N980250. Rate of returns on capital invested is N2.3 implying that plantain production is a profitable and viable venture. The study therefore recommends the organization of field days and farmers' training on the use of high yielding planting materials. Procurement and distribution of improved varieties to farmers by Anambra State Agricultural Development Programme at the right time and at affordable prices are effective strategies for stimulating plantain productivity in the area.

 Key words: Gross margin, plantain production technologies, productivity, resource-use.


Purpose Researchers have identified features of successful aphasia conversation groups and clinician behaviors leading to engagement and group cohesion. There has been less focus in the literature on facilitator behaviors that hinder participation or result in disengagement. This study aims to explore the behaviors of graduate student facilitators that contribute to and detract from engagement in aphasia conversation groups. Method Data were drawn from 4 conversation group sessions from 2 different university settings. Groups included 1 graduate student facilitator and 3 or more persons with aphasia. Sociolinguistic discourse analysis was applied to transcripts of group sessions. Results Three broad patterns detailing facilitator behaviors were identified. Several facilitator actions contributing to engagement were noted, including strategic use of topic elicitors, multimodal communication supports, and techniques to avoid interactional asymmetry. Behaviors associated with participant disengagement were also noted across sessions, including restricted discourse behaviors and difficulty managing the competing needs of participants. Engagement and disengagement were the product of several coordinating actions of the facilitator and group members that together influenced participation in conversation. Conclusion Results suggest that novice facilitators exhibit behaviors that contribute to and detract from participant engagement in aphasia conversation groups. Findings, discussed within the context of the literature on well-managed groups, highlight the skill required in managing the needs of participants with aphasia and knowing how and when to employ clinician-led strategies.


Early region 1A (E1A) is the first viral protein produced upon human adenovirus (HAdV) infection. This multifunctional protein transcriptionally activates other HAdV early genes and reprograms gene expression in host cells to support productive infection. E1A functions by interacting with key cellular regulatory proteins through short linear motifs (SLiMs). In this study, the molecular determinants of interaction between E1A and BS69, a cellular repressor that negatively regulates E1A transactivation, were systematically defined by mutagenesis experiments. We found that a minimal sequence comprised of MPNLVPEV, which contains a conserved PXLXP motif and spans residues 112–119 in HAdV-C5 E1A, was necessary and sufficient in binding to the myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain of BS69. Our study also identified residues P113 and L115 as critical for this interaction. Furthermore, the HAdV-C5 and -A12 E1A proteins from species C and A bound BS69, but those of HAdV-B3, -E4, -D9, -F40, and -G52 from species B, E, D, F, and G, respectively, did not. In addition, BS69 functioned as a repressor of E1A-mediated transactivation, but only for HAdV-C5 and HAdV-A12 E1A. Thus, the PXLXP motif present in a subset of HAdV E1A proteins confers interaction with BS69, which serves as a negative regulator of E1A mediated transcriptional activation.


We presented a method of determining optical constants of a thin film using the reflectance R(theta) curve. Other parameters of the film, such as film thickness and roughness, are also determined with the derivation of the optical constants(n,k). To illustrate the method, the results of the film Al are given.


In recent years, numerous studies have inferred personality and other traits from people's online writing. While these studies are encouraging, more information is needed in order to use these techniques with confidence. How do linguistic features vary across different online media, and how much text is required to have a representative sample for a person? In this paper, we examine several large sets of online, user-generated text, drawn from Twitter, email, blogs, and online discussion forums. We examine and compare population-wide results for the linguistic measure LIWC, and the inferred traits of Big5 Personality and Basic Human Values. We also empirically measure the stability of these traits across different sized samples for each individual. Our results highlight the importance of tuning models to each online medium, and include guidelines for the minimum amount of text required for a representative result.


A prime example of a non-equilibrium or active environment is a biological cell. In order to understand in vivo functioning of biomolecules such as proteins and chromatins, a description beyond equilibrium is absolutely necessary. In this context, biomolecules have been modeled as Rouse chains in a Gaussian active bath. However, these non-equilibrium fluctuations in biological cells are non-Gaussian. This motivates us to take a Rouse chain subjected to a series of pulses of force with a finite duration, mimicking the run and tumble motion of a class of microorganisms. Thus by construction, this active force is non-Gaussian. Our analytical calculations show that the mean square displacement (MSD) of the center of mass grows faster and even shows superdiffusive behavior at higher activity. The MSD of a tagged monomer in an active bath also shows superdiffusion at an intermediate time unlike a monomer of a Rouse chain. In the case of a short chain length, reconfiguration is slower and the reconfiguration time of a chain with N monomers scales as Nσ, with σ ≈ 1.6 - 2. In addition, the chain swells. We compare this activity-induced swelling with that of a Rouse chain in a Gaussian active bath. In principle, our predictions can be verified by future single molecule experiments.


A growing number of reflective and critical voices around participatory research practices have questioned the extent to which power can be transferred to participants through such methods. In this paper I begin by reflecting on everyday difficulties using participatory methods with a group of young people who belonged to a youth forum in Stoke-on-Trent, England. These difficulties point to the way that research spaces constitute contexts which can enable the production of certain kinds of knowledge, and to the way that such contexts are influenced by other spaces where people might be asked to participate and self-represent. For my fieldwork participants, official or government-led initiatives around participation in decision making were often seen as problematic. However, I also argue that the young people drew on more embodied or experiential forms of knowledge in their activities, generated through participation in everyday collective practices and sociability. Such knowledge may not have been articulated but was nonetheless powerful. This suggests new ways of thinking about participation and empowerment, both for research projects and for other kinds of intervention.


In this paper, I argue that modal epistemology should pay more attention to questions about the structure and function of modal thought. We can treat these questions from synchronic and diachronic angles. In this paper, from a synchronic perspective, I consider whether a general argument for the epistemic support of modal though can be made on the basis of modal thoughs's indispensability for what Enoch and Schechter (2008) call rationally required epistemic projects. After formulating the argument, I defend it from various objections. I also examine the possibility of considering the indispensability of modal thought in terms of its components, and finally, I argue that we also need to approach these issues from a diachronic perspective, and sketch how to approach this task.


Irregular refractile granules which occur within red blood cells were first described by Heinz in 1890. The precise nature of these bodies is unknown. The present work was undertaken in order to help to assess the significance of the presence of Heinz bodies in the blood over a considerable period. Heinz bodies have been produced in the red blood cells of intact and splenectomized rats over relatively long periods by continuous feeding of azo geranine. The proportion of Heinz-body red blood cells quickly rose to a peak and then fell to fluctuating lower values; there was a concurrent fall in the red blood cell count and reticulocytosis. There were more Heinz-body red blood cells and a greater fall in the red blood cell count in the splenectomized animals. Large deposits of haemosiderin were present in the livers of the splenectomized animals fed the dye. Little or no haemosiderin was found in the livers of intact animals fed the dye or in those of splenectomized animals not receiving dye. Splenic hyperplasia accompanied the initial increase in Heinz-body red blood cells and remained undiminished after the level had fallen. The half-time survival of Heinz-body red blood cells transfused into normal rats was approximately one day compared with over five days in splenectomized animals. The anaemia associated with the appearance of Heinz bodies was found to be hypochromic: the mean cell haemoglobin concentration fell from 35·7% before feeding dye to 26·7% at the time of peak Heinz-body red blood cell concentration after seven days of dye feeding. With the subsequent fall in Heinz-body red blood cell level, approximately half of the deficiency in the mean cell haemoglobin concentration was replaced, despite a substantial recovery in the packed cell volume without an increase in the red cell count. Twenty days after feeding the dye had been stopped, no Heinz-body red blood cells were found, and all values had returned to normal.


Purpose Corneal anesthesia leads to chronic corneal injury. This anatomical study characterizes the donor nerve branches of the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves used for corneal neurotization. Methods In 13 non-embalmed cadavers, the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves were dissected and distances to anatomical landmarks measured. Cross-sections of supratrochlear and supraorbital donor nerves were harvested and histomorphometrically analyzed to assess the number of myelinated axons. Results The donor axon counts were 3146 ± 1069.9 for the supratrochlear and 1882 ± 903 for the supraorbital nerve distal to the supraorbital notch. The supratrochlear nerve was dissected on the medial upper eyelid 2 cm lateral to the facial midline and the branch of the supraorbital nerve 1 cm medial to the mid-pupillary line. Conclusion The supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the trigeminal nerve are potent donor nerves for corneal neurotization in the treatment of neuropathic keratopathy and can be reliably dissected using anatomical landmarks.


The theme of the thesis centres around the system of social stratification of Hureidah. I give a general description of the system as it operates in the village and then show how the processes of change in the country and outside, are affecting the situation in Hureidah. Hadramaut, sometimes aptly referred to as "madinat al-muhadjirin" (the country of the emigrants) has as a basic feature, a constant economic crisis in producing enough food for its population. As a result, migration and emigration have been going on since time immemorial. The country has thus never been isolated and its overseas ties have always played a major, if not dominating, role in the country. The Qu'aity Sultanate which was created by Hadramis based in Hyderabad (India) is a crowning example of this. Recently, this 'overseas' dependence has, if anything, increased. But world wide changes have shifted this dependence from India and the Far East, to the neighbouring Arab countries, thus incorporating Hadramaut in the wider processes taking place in the Arab World. This is to say, the history of Hadrami society has been shaped considerably by its ties with India and the Far East, while the present social organisation is being dramatically affected by its participation in the wider field of the Arab society. Social stratification is a dominant feature in Hadrami society. In studying its operation in Hureidah, one cannot isolate the village in space or in time. The people "commute" constantly between Hureidah and the surrounding countries, ignoring geographical (physical) and political boundaries. Similarly, the Far Eastern 'Alawi-Irshadi conflict of the past, the Pan-Arab Nationalism of the present, and the 'coming Revolution' of the future, all influence the social life as it exists. Thus my analysis of the historical conflict, the continuing process of migration, and the political forces operating at different levels (in the country and outside), is essential in understanding the processes behind the formal social hierarchy of present day Hureidah.


In order to investigate the efficacies for cognitive function of edible plants, we measured the inhibitory effects of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity, radical scavenging activities, and the contents of GABA and glutamate in the plant extracts. Among the plant extracts, Schizandra chinensis contained the highest GABA 14.8 mg/g and the extracts of Cnidium officinale and Polygonum multiflorum also had a relatively high GABA. On the other hand, plant extracts except, Acorus gramineus, showed similar glutamate contents. S. chinensis, Hovenia dulcis, Thuja orientalis, and Eleutherococcus senticosus exhibited high inhibition against AChE activities at about 18-33% at 1 mg/mL. In addition, strong radical scavenging activities were also detected in those extracts which showed high AChE inhibition. Taken together, H. dulcis, T. orientalis, E. senticosus, and S. chinensis could be effective resources for enhancing cognitive function. Further, it was suggested that the AChE inhibitory activities of plant extracts might be related to antioxidative activity.


DARPP-32, a phosphoprotein enriched in dopaminoceptive brain neurons containing the D-1 receptor subtype, probably functions as an intracellular third messenger to mediate some of the physiological effects of dopamine at the D-1 receptor. By immunohistochemistry in rat, cat, Rhesus monkey, and human, we have localized DARPP-32 to the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, the innermost layer of the bi-layered epithelium responsible for secretion of aqueous humor into the eye. The immunoreactive protein in rat ciliary body, identified by immunolabeling of a ciliary body extract separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is indistinguishable from DARPP-32 derived from rat caudatoputamen. By analogy with brain, we propose that DARPP-32 may act as a third messenger in the ciliary epithelium, probably through a dopaminergic mechanism.


Background/Aim: The lipophilic, orally bioavailable camptothecin analogue gimatecan is characterized by improved efficacy over conventional camptothecins on human tumor xenografts. Gimatecan produced excellent outcomes orally with prolonged, low-dose, daily treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the antitumor efficacy of i.v. administered gimatecan. Materials and Methods: The antitumor activity of gimatecan delivered i.v. q4dx4 was evaluated in nude mice bearing human tumors and compared to clinically available anticancer drugs. Results: Intravenous administration of gimatecan showed superior efficacy with remarkable achievements at well tolerated doses. Moreover, prolonged treatments with i.v. administered gimatecan showed efficacy in models of cancer refractory to current therapeutic approaches, like an orthotopic brain tumor. Conclusion: Although the oral route is practical for gimatecan administration, the results support the interest in developing a suitable i.v. formulation in an attempt to further exploit the therapeutic potential of the compound.


Quality of health care, management and customization is becoming one of the most important health care priorities in Lithuania and in other European countries and worldwide. Objektive. To summarizes the improvement measures of health care service access and acceptability and estimate and analyze the Vilnius patients opinion about health care services. Health care institutions provide health care services, make the prevention of illness to ensure quality and welfare of all population. Based on the theoretical and methodological literature summaries and results of patient satisfaction surveys are providing conclusions about improvement of quality service in the availability and acceptability aspects. Public opinion on health care services is one of the many health care quality indicators. Quality service in an integrated and systematic assessment should be carried out in terms of the quality management system according to the patients perceived quality, documents of internal quality, annual work plans and regulations, quality management system procedures descriptions. An important factor is a registration of incongruity indicators, their periodical analysis and health care quality improvement based on the results of analysis. These factors helps for health care institutions targeted to improve quality of service. doi:10.5200/sm-hs.2013.088


The integrative review's objective is to determine the effectiveness of incorporating virtual reality (VR) simulation teaching methods in pre-licensure psychiatric nursing curricula. While the demand for skilled nurses has increased, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated nursing educational resource shortages and reduced the number of qualified applicants accepted into nursing schools. Psychiatric assessment and communication skills are difficult to obtain. VR simulation may present an effective solution to enhancing nursing students' psychiatric education. The integrative review was the study design. Tailored search terms were applied to the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text. The databases were searched by title and abstract during the period January 1, 2011, through October 14, 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied to search strategies and results. The selected articles were evaluated using the Johns Hopkins research evidence appraisal tool. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for the integrative review. Study results were categorized into two main themes: (a) pedagogical approach and (b) usability. Three sub-themes emerged: (a) knowledge, (b) attitudes, and (c) skills. VR was found to be effective in increasing nursing students' knowledge; improving communication and decision-making skills; and impacting attitudes toward patients living with mental illness. VR was found to be the same as or superior to traditional and other simulation methods in teaching psychiatric nursing education to pre-licensure students. While convenient, virtual reality use involves managing technical difficulties and considering safety. VR simulation is an effective pedagogical approach for psychiatric nursing curricula and offers a potentially cost-effective alternative to traditional learning and other simulation methods.


Social and epidemiologic features were studied in 1145 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Yakutia who were on the dispensary record in the period between 1981 and 1990. Among the negative social and hygienic factors which aggravated the course of tuberculosis were unsatisfactory living and domestic conditions, failure in family life, unskilled hard labour, idle life, stay in the penitentiary-labour establishments and chronic alcoholism. To improve the effectiveness of dispensary follow-up and treatment of this category of patients measures should be taken aimed at the centralized epidemiologic control. They include, registration of copious bacilli excretors as a special contingent of antituberculosis dispensaries, active measures directed against drug addiction and removal of the unfavourable psychologic factors as well as obligatory hospitalization of patients into specialized tuberculosis centres.


Managing the complexity of designing chips containing billions of transistors requires decoupling computation from communication. For the communication, scalable and compositional interconnects, such as networks on chip (NoC) must be used. In this paper, we show that guaranteed services are essential in achieving this decoupling. Guarantees typically come at the cost of lower resource utilization. To avoid this, they must be used in combination with best-effort services. The key element of our NoC is a router consisting conceptually of two parts: the so-called guaranteed throughput (GT) and best-effort (BE) routers. We combine the GT and BE router architectures in an efficient implementation by sharing resources. We show the trade offs between hardware complexity and efficiency of the combined router, and the motivation of our choices. Our reasoning for the trade offs is validated with a prototype router implementation. We show a lay-out of an input-queued wormhole 5/spl times/5 router with an aggregate bandwidth of 80 Gbit/s. It occupies 0.26 mm/sup 2/ in CMOS12. This shows that our router provides high performance at reasonable cost, bringing NoCs one step closer.


This paper provides the background rationale for and description of a prototype culture tool,
the Soft Factors Modelling Tool (SFMT), which is one of the outputs of a DTC-funded
research project. Following an introduction, the paper considers several issues associated
with autonomy and culture. A description of the researchers' Soft Factors Modelling Tool'
and its application is provided.


In this paper, we study Basmajian-type series identities on holomorphic families of Cantor sets associated to one-dimensional complex dynamical systems. We show that the series is absolutely summable if and only if the Hausdorff dimension of the Cantor set is strictly less than one. Throughout the domain of convergence, these identities can be analytically continued and they exhibit nontrivial monodromy.


The cancer burden continues to grow with enormous physical, emotional, and financial pressure on individuals, families, communities, and health systems. Early detection and effective treatment are crucial. The analysis of epigenetic biomarkers is presented as an exceptional solution for early cancer diagnosis and personalised treatment design. These brand new biomarkers have initiated a diagnostic revolution because of their predictive capability and reversibility, opening the window for timely diagnostics and personalised medicine. In recent years, the potential of optical biosensors for epigenetic biomarker evaluation has been revealed. Nanotechnology is promoting the appearance of new advanced biosensors able to be integrated in complete lab-on-chip platforms. Lab-on-chip biosensors are offering simplified, cost-effective, and fast results to solve the current diagnostic problems. In this review, we present the advantages offered by the analysis of epigenetic routes in cancer diagnosis and the current advances in optical biosensors for cancer epigenetic analysis, showing how the new biosensor solutions manage to surpass the challenges encountered during the analysis of each epigenetic mechanism.


The phase ordering of register allocation and instruction scheduling in a compiler and their integration have been well studied for in-order issue and VLIW processors. In this paper we study this problem in the context of out-of-order issue processors. Such a study is interesting as the dynamic instruction ordering and register renaming support mechanisms in out-of-order issue processors are similar in spirit to what the complex register allocation and instruction scheduling techniques do at compile-time. We evaluated four existing techniques, namely postpass scheduling, prepass scheduling, parallel interference graph, and integrated prepass scheduling methods. Our initial experimental results reveal that for o-o-o issue processors the focus should be on reducing the register pressure/spill code than exposing the parallelism at compiling time.


The power quality covers the means to conserve energy resources, such means consist in improving the power factor and judiciously managing the reactive energy in the power system. Electric grids do not have an unlimited energy transmission capacity, therefore any load on the grid with reactive energy is measured by the energy distributor/supplier and billed to the consumer. On the premise that for industrial consumers, the main consumers of reactive energy are the low-load induction motors and transformers, this paper presents a synchronization equipment for a wound-rotor induction motor with a power of 2000 kW, nominal voltage 6kV, nominal current 210A, which allows the increase of the power factor, significantly reducing the reactive energy consumption. The equipment presented was designed, built, tested and validated by tests carried out in the high-power laboratory.


The comparative analysis of outcomes of term delivery has been performed in this paper depending on the approach to labor induction affected by the premature rupture of membranes (PROM). A significant improvement in obstetric indicators has been revealed in case of prescription of Mifepristone 6 hours before the labor induction. The deterioration of obstetric indicators with patients with PROM when inducing labor in connection with the lack of biological readiness for delivery has been shown.


Backup authentication systems verify the identity of users who are unable to perform primary authentication usually as a result of forgetting passwords. The two most common authentication mechanisms used for backup authentication by webmail services, personal authentication questions and email-based authentication, are insufficient. Many webmail users cannot benefit from email-based authentication because their webmail account is their primary email account. Personal authentication questions are frequently forgotten and prone to security failures, as illustrated by the increased scrutiny they received following their implication in the compromise of Republican vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin's Yahoo! account.
 One way to address the limitations of existing backup authentication mechanisms is to add new ones. Since no mechanism is completely secure, system designers must support configurations that require multiple authentication tasks be completed to authenticate. Can users comprehend such a rich set of new options? We designed two metaphors to help users comprehend which combinations of authentication tasks would be sufficient to authenticate. We performed a usability study to measure users' comprehension of these metaphors. We find that the vast majority of users comprehend screenshots that represent authentication as an exam, in which points are awarded for the completion of individual authentication tasks and authentication succeeds when an authenticatee has accumulated enough points to achieve a passing score.


The two most important coal seams, viz., Seam no. I (18 m thick) and Seam no. 3 (6 m thick), of the Tikak Parbat Formation, Barail Group (Oligocene) are overlain by> 2000 m thick sediments of younger age. The coals are bright and non-banded in appearance. They are rich in vitrinite with subordinate amounts of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Early diagenetic pyrile and calcite alongwith clay and quartz are the main associated minerals. Under blue light excitation high amount of fluorescing macerals recorded are formed chiefly by perhydrous Vitrinite, liptodetrinite and resinite. Minor amount of sporinite, cutinite, suberinite and exsudatinite are also present with sporadic occurrence of f1uorinite and alginite. A comparison of Makum coals with the other Tertia!)' coals of India has also been attempted. The coals have low moisture and ash contents with high volatile matter and calorific value in relation to their rank by reflectivi!)' measurements. The rank of the coal seams (R, max. 0.72 0.75%) corresponds to high volatile bituminous B stage. From the biopetrological, palaeobotanical and geological evidences it has been concluded that the coal seams originated mostly from in situ mangrove-mixed angiospermous forest vegetation grOWing under humid to per· humid tropical climate. The vegetal accumulation took place in a rheotrophic swamp forming in a near·shore lagoon on a lower delta plain. The maceral and mineral associations in the coal seams indicate that the accumulated vegetal matter was mainly subjected to anaerobic microbial degradation under elevated swamp water pH (> 6). This facilitated the precipitation of early diagenetic pyrite, calcite and in situ release of plant·derived minerals in the peat. Under these conditions highly pyriteous and perhydrous coal seams were formed mainly by putrefaction. Whenever microbial degradation of organic matter was severe normal vegetal supply fell short to produce a peat layer, with the result minor and major authigenic partings within the coal seams were formed.


Secure communication is considered as an integral part of next generation wireless implantable medical devices. In this work, we provide the symmetric cryptographic key generating approach by exploiting the randomness in received signal strength (RSS) for data encryption in an in-body network. The application of concern is the wireless modules for next generation leadless cardiac pacemaker with two units. For RSS based key generation method, both the units probe the wireless channel for RSS measurements within the coherence time and outputs the encryption key bits based on available randomness and quantization algorithm. To evaluate the available randomness in RSS measurements, the methodology of phantom experiments is adapted to emulate the cardiac cycle. It has been found that the measurements emulating the cardiac cycle can be approximated to follow the log-Normal distribution. Moreover, a high correlation of RSS measurements is observed across the pacemaker units to generate a symmetric key whereas the eavesdropper link is found to be highly de-correlated. Based on the available randomness, the quantization algorithm generates 2-bits per cardiac cycle and requires 64 cardiac cycles to generate a 128-bit binary key string with an average mismatch percentage of 1 % over 1000 key runs.


What drives the emergence of enterprise social media (ESM) networks? This question cannot be fully answered without studying the scattered body of knowledge. The current research in progress paper addresses this question by means of a preliminary literature review. Precisely, it synthesizes 34 literature findings into a preliminary literature review, which will be further refined and augmented by a research agenda in the future steps. The main theoretical contribution of this paper is to describe 21 antecedents that drive ESM network emergence. In practice, knowledge about these emergence antecedents can be used for various application cases. Examples include developing ESM recommender systems, creating ESM network simulation models, and planning and conducting organizational interventions to optimize ESM networks.


Isolated case reports of peritonitis due to Brucella spp. during peritoneal dialysis (PD) continue to surface in the medical literature. However, the optimal treatment regimen for these patients, in particular with regards to the fate of PD catheter, is still largely unknown. We report a case of brucella peritonitis successfully treated with intraperitoneal administration of amikacin, along with oral rifampicin and doxycycline but without catheter removal. Furthermore, we have reviewed the literature up until present day.


We propose a rate-controlled service discipline for supporting B-ISDN services. According to our approach, traffic streams from different connections can be well regulated at the output of each node based on their rate requirements. Moreover, the traffic envelope of a connection inside the network can be effectively characterized. By assuming a leaky-bucket constrained input source, we further prove that the proposed scheme can provide end-to-end delay and jitter bounds for each connection passing through a multi-hop network. Finally, we make a comparison of related works and show the effectiveness of our algorithm.


Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extra-cranial solid cancer arising from the neural crest and is among the most common cancers in infants less than 1 year of age (Park, JR et al., 2008). Approximately one child per 100,000 is diagnosed with NB, resulting in 650 new cases each year in the United States. Half of the children with NB have high risk disease and 20-50% of those will fail to respond adequately to current therapies, illustrating a clear unmet medical need. Current treatment for high-risk disease is aggressive, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation with stem cell transplant, anti-GD2/cytokine immunotherapy and retinoic acid (RA) (Yang, RK et. al., 2010; Cheung, NK et. al., 2012). RA is a pro-differentiation agent that slows growth and promotes cell death. A gene expression pattern associated with RA-induced NB differentiation was identified (Hahn, CK et. al., 2008; Frumm, SM et. al., 2013), and inhibition of HDAC1/2 was shown to induce a similar expression pattern. In this work, we examine the activity of an orally bioavailable HDAC1/2 inhibitor (HDAC1/2i) on NB cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. RA combined with HDAC1/2i enhances gene expression patterns associated with differentiation, slows cellular proliferation and more rapidly induces dendrite formation than RA can achieve alone. The mechanisms leading to the differentiated phenotype were examined by microarray and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) ChIP-seq. HDAC1/2i and RA together caused increased localization of the RAR to its own RARa and RARs promoter regions, and an increase in mRNA and protein relative to the RA treatment condition alone. Additionally, expression of Cyp26a1/b1, enzymes responsible for clearing intercellular RA, were reduced in the combination setting. Gene set enrichment analysis of the microarray data comparing the combination setting against RA as a single agent suggested that the addition of HDAC1/2i was enhancing apoptotic pathways and decreasing E2F driven cell cycle signaling. In further experiments, we confirmed enhanced apoptosis in the combination setting by measuring caspase 3 and PARP cleavage, which is consistent with reduced proliferation, increased sub-G1 cell frequency in cell cycle assays and ablation of emergent RA-resistant NB colonies. Further, the E2F-activators, CDK4 and CDK6, were reduced at the protein level in the combination setting while the CDK inhibitor, p21, was dramatically increased. Hypo-phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, directly linked to E2F complex inactivation, was also observed and consistent with reduced proliferation and the decreased frequency of S-phase cells observed in EDU incorporation assays. Xenograft models of NB with RA and HDAC1/2i are in progress and will be discussed. Taken together, these findings support a role for selective HDAC1/2i in combination with RA for the treatment of patients with high risk NB. Citation Format: David L. Tamang, Pengyu Haung, Olga Golonzhka, Jeff Shearstone, Steven N. Quayle, Simon S. Jones, Min Yang. A novel, orally bioavailable and selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 & 2 inhibitor enhances retinoic acid mediated differentiation of neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr A136.


The counseling professional has called for the use of personal characteristics to be used for admissions to counseling programs as well as in the evaluation of counseling students. 10 expert counselors ranked 22 personality characteristics of potential students for importance and responsiveness to training. The most important include empathy, acceptance, and warmth, while the least important include resourcefulness, sympathy and sociability.


Contrary to many other countries, in France, engineering education remains attractive. Paradoxically, French students do not seem to be motivated by the engineering profession and many graduates seem to have become engineers "by accident". The outcome of our research is that engineering students are "pushed" by an invisible parental and social pressure. The most successful ones end up in a very few prestigious schools, which are supposed to open the doors of the higher management positions in big private companies and public administration, the great majority in a school they have hardly heard about before the "concours", with little motivation for applied science, hardly any vocation for engineering. This work is at the crossroad of two developing approaches within the fields of educational sciences and sociology: the choice to study successful students belonging to the upper or upper middle class which are less investigated than lower classes, and the choice to adopt a qualitative approach, while most researches about orientation are based on wide quantitative surveys. Our aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the construction of the engineers' culture and ethos, through an analysis of the socialization process from the engineering students' point of view.


A Moment of Obvious Joy is a collection of realist short stories that explores the difficulties of living lives that fall short of our expectations. These are stories about wanting and longing for things that elude you – for Scott, in "Sleeping with Insects," it's the methods of dealing with a shattered family; for Andi, in "Drowners," a chance to prove herself as a young adult, as someone worthy of responsibility; for Brooke, in "Remains," it's how to escape from the shadow of her unsatisfying relationship with her father; and for Hannah, in "A Moment of Obvious Joy," it's learning to cope with dramatic change in a group that clings to stasis. These stories examine the ways in which we try, and often fail, to communicate these desires to others, how, in times of crisis, we instinctually take the burden of improvement upon ourselves rather than reach out to others, how that so often breeds more isolation and dissatisfaction. However, these stories are also about how, despite daily disappointments and heartbreaks, we find the resilience to move forward: we promise to do what is possible, we breach the surface, we focus on what we've created, we settle into new lives. We find moments of joy that give us strength. We are constantly stumbling, taking two steps backward, and yet, ever aware of our slow progress, we forge ahead.


In constructing a viable theory of universal grammar, it is becoming increasingly clear that grammatical relations such as subject and direct object must be considered as theoretical primitives and that they play a central role in the formulation of syntactic rules and ·constraints_ This position, recently advocated by the proponents of a syntactic theory known as relational grammar, is motivated in part by the facts such as: l) Chomsky's derivative definitions of 'subject-of' and 'object-of' may not be applicable universally,l 2) the universal properties of certain syntactic processes cannot be adequately captured unless alternations in grammatical relations that accompany transformations are properly expres'sed,2 and 3) a series of universal constraints on syntactic rules can be stated in terms of possible alternations of grammatical relations.3 Even in a description of syntactic rules of individ ual languages, the notion of grammatical relations plays an important role in allowing us to capture significant generalizations in a concise format. In Korean syntax the notion of subject, for example, plays an jmportant role in a number of syntactic processes. In Reflexivization it is the subject NP .that functions as a trigger. Thus in (l), the only possible interpretation is that the reflexive formcaki 'self' is coreferential with the subject NP Yanshiki; the sentence does not allow the reading in which caki is coreferential with the direct object ai 'child' . (l) Y,mshiki ka ai hI caki ii pang esa ttreli-at-ta 'Yonshigi i hit the child j in self;'s/*self/s room.'


Moral in the context of school education management is essential, and execution of education of moral cannot be separated from the quality of learning and teaching, and assessment system. The application of assessment of moral knowledge and moral behavior in Madrasah Aliyah (MA) is still conventional and partial. The purpose of this research is: (a) to develop an assessment model of moral applied to assess students' moral in Madrasah Aliyah; and (b) to find out the influence of students' knowledge of moral on their own moral. This research produces a measurement model in the form of an internal structure consisting of dimensions of moral measurement, and a structural model relating moral with the knowledge of moral. This research applies research and development model. The subjects are students  of MAs. Data analysis utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). CFA applied to analyze conformity of measurement model, while SEM applied to analyze conformity of structural model using software LISREL 851. Conformity of measurement and structural model based on the criteria of r-value >0.05, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) 0.90. The result of this development research can be concluded as follows. The internal structure of assessment model of learning and teaching including willingness, conscience, value, attitude and moral behavior dimensions is considered as a good assessment model to assess students' moral in Madrasah Aliyah. It is based on the result of  CFA, namely low factor loading value 0.39 (λ > 0.30), r-value = 0.0804 > 0.05; RMSEA = 0.074 0.90. The structural model relating moral and knowledge is regarded as a good model based on r-value = 0.08207 > 0.05; RMSEA= 0.005 0.90. The influence of  students' knowledge of moral  on  their own moral (γ 1 =0,61) are significant.


A 2" × 2" BC501A liquid scintillation detector with a gain stabilization system is developed and applied to neutron and γ-ray measurement on the EAST tokamak. Energy calibration of a liquid scintillator using a fast coincidence method is presented and compared with the Monte Carlo simulation. Determination of the proton light output function of the BC501A is presented. Results from dedicated experiments with an Am-Be neutron source, γ source and quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams, and from measurements on EAST tokamak are presented and discussed.


Attentional bias to alcohol is a well-documented effect whereby drinkers allocate greater visual attention toward alcohol-related stimuli rather than nonappetitive, neutral stimuli. Some recent research has shown that acute administration of alcohol temporarily reduces attentional bias to alcohol cues, possibly because alcohol consumption satiates the motivation to drink. However, the specificity of this effect has not been tested, and so it is unclear whether reduced attentional bias following alcohol is specific to alcohol-related stimuli or whether attention to other appetitive stimuli is also reduced (e.g., food). This study tested the degree to which acute alcohol administration selectively reduced attentional bias to alcohol-related but not to food-related cues in a group of 23 healthy young adults who reported consuming alcohol roughly twice per week. Attentional bias to alcohol-related and food-related cues was tested using visual dot probe tasks following 2 active doses of alcohol, .30 g/kg and .65 g/kg, and a placebo. Results showed that attentional bias, measured as fixation time to stimuli on the visual probe tasks, to alcohol cues declined in a dose-dependent manner, whereas attentional bias to food cues was unaffected by the doses. The evidence suggests that alcohol consumption specifically reduces attentional bias to alcohol-related stimuli whereas bias to other appetitive stimuli remains intact. Evidence that alcohol consumption reduces attentional bias specifically to alcohol cues lends further credibility to the satiation theory and to the utility of attentional bias as an indicator of acute and transient changes in an individual's motivation to use alcohol. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).


Subfemtosecond (sub-fs) pulses can be generated by cascade-stimulated Raman scattering in a Raman medium with modulated Raman excitations, driven by two sufficiently intense laser beams, one of which is amplitude modulated. The nonadiabatic Raman interaction establishes a strong modulated Raman coherence, which supports compression of the generated broadband Raman sidebands to a train of sub-fs pulses regardless of whether the carrier frequencies of the driving lasers are tuned above, below or on two-photon Raman resonance.


One hundred fifty-three patients with invasive cervical cancer were evaluated and treated at one of the two teaching hospitals of the Intergrated Ob-Gyn Residency Program of Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, from 1 July 1983 to 30 June 1989. Sixteen patients with recurrent cervical cancer who initially had received their treatment elsewhere were excluded. Forty-one of the 137 newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer were aged 35 years or less. This review was undertaken because of frequent reports of the increasing incidence of cervical cancer in women aged 35 and under.Some reports also reveal a worse prognosis for the younger age group. This investigation provided the opportunity to evaluate cervical cancer patients aged 35 and under and compare the results to the evaluations of women aged 36 and over. Evaluation of age, stage, presenting symptoms, number of positive lymph nodes, pap smear history, pregnancy within 1 year of diagnosis, treatment, and survival was carried out in patients aged 35 years and less and compared to their older counterparts aged 36 and over with cervical cancer.


Today e-mail is a indispensable communication tool because of wide spread of Internet technology and many spam mails are delivered in the Internet. In order to avoid spam mails, spam filter is used in many mail servers or PC. It checks the content, sending address or so on of a mail and decides whether the mail is a spam mail. After spam filter works well to remove spam mails, spam senders improve the methods of sending spam. Spam filter technology and spam sending method make a vicious circle. Ending this vicious circle needs spam mail characteristics including the change according to spam filter improvement. This paper analyzes spam mails which are saved in the long term in order to obtain spam mail characteristics and reports the result of this analysis.


Abstract Can corporate governance ratings reduce problems of asymmetric information between companies and investors? To answer this question, we set out to examine the information basis for providing such ratings by reviewing corporate governance attributes that are required or recommended in laws, accounting standards, and codes, respectively. After that, we scrutinize and organize the publicly available information on the methodologies actually used by rating providers. However, important details of these methodologies are treated as confidential property, thus we approach the evaluation of corporate governance ratings as a means to reduce asymmetric information in a more general manner. We propose that the rating process may be seen as consisting of two general activities, namely a data reduction phase, and a data weighting, aggregation, and classification phase. Findings based on a Danish data-set suggest that rating providers by selecting relevant attributes in an intelligent way can improve the screening of companies according to governance quality. In contrast, it seems questionable that weighting, aggregation, and classification of corporate governance attributes considerably improve discrimination according to governance quality.


Background: The effect of tirzepatide (TZP) on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people with obesity or overweight is unknown. We aimed to assess the impact of TZP treatment on T2D risk in the Phase 3 SURMOUNT-1 trial through predictive modelling.
 Methods: Cardiometabolic Disease Staging, a validated robust tool providing 10-year risk estimates of T2D, was applied to the SURMOUNT-1 trial to derive risk scores at baseline, 24, and 72 weeks. Mean risk scores and change from baseline to week 72 were calculated from a mixed model.
 Results: A total of 2539 participants were randomized 1:1:1:1 to TZP 5/10/15 mg and placebo (PBO) (mean age=45 years; female=68%; White=71%). Mean risk scores at baseline ranged from 23-24% and did not differ between groups. Mean risk scores for TZP 5, 10, 15 mg, and PBO groups were 13%, 11%, 11%, and 21% at week 24 and 11%, 9%, 9%, and 23% at week 72, respectively. At week 72, the absolute mean risk reductions from baseline were 12%, 14%, 15%, and 1% for TZP 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and PBO groups, corresponding to median relative risk reductions of -60.3%, -68.3%, -69%, and -10.8%, respectively. This resulted in significantly greater risk reduction between TZP groups vs. PBO (5 mg: 12%, 10 mg: 14%, 15 mg: 14%; p<0.001).
 Conclusion: Treatment with TZP significantly reduced the 10-year predicted risk of developing T2D compared to PBO; most of the reduction in predicted risk was achieved by week 24.

 E. R. Hankosky: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Other Relationship; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Wang: None. L. M. Neff: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. H. Kan: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. F. Wang: None. N. Ahmad: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. A. Stefanski: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. W. Garvey: Advisory Panel; Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fractyl Health, Inc., Inogen, Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Epitomee, Pfizer Inc., Neurovalens.

 Eli Lilly and Company


This paper introduces Dynamic Programming Encoding (DPE), a new segmentation algorithm for tokenizing sentences into subword units. We view the subword segmentation of output sentences as a latent variable that should be marginalized out for learning and inference. A mixed character-subword transformer is proposed, which enables exact log marginal likelihood estimation and exact MAP inference to find target segmentations with maximum posterior probability. DPE uses a lightweight mixed character-subword transformer as a means of pre-processing parallel data to segment output sentences using dynamic programming. Empirical results on machine translation suggest that DPE is effective for segmenting output sentences and can be combined with BPE dropout for stochastic segmentation of source sentences. DPE achieves an average improvement of 0.9 BLEU over BPE (Sennrich et al., 2016) and an average improvement of 0.55 BLEU over BPE dropout (Provilkov et al., 2019) on several WMT datasets including English <=> (German, Romanian, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian).


Testing and validation of the functions and performance of the digital instrumentation and control (I&C) system should be done prior to installation in nuclear power plants. The objective of the I&C Functional Test Facility (FTF) is to test and validate the functions of developed digital control and various monitoring systems. The FTF provides the simulated testing environment as an experimental test bed. The FTF software consists of a mathematical modeling program which simulates a three-loop 993 MWe pressurized water reactor and a supervisory program that comprises all the instructions necessary to run the FTF. The hardware equipment provides an interface between a host computer and a simple test panel or the developed target systems to be tested. The graphical user interface supports an easy and friendly interface between the FTF and users. It is implemented through a Picasso-3 graphic tool developed by the Halden Reactor Project. The FTF is applied to an advanced I&C system prototype, such as an automatic start-up intelligent control system, dynamic alarm system, accident identification system, and intelligent logic tracking system, to test its algorithm or performance. The results of the test show good operational performance of the FTF in normal and transient conditions.


The electronic structures and the halogen inductive effects on the acetate anion were investigated in XCH2COO- (X=F,Cl,Br) by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and ab initio calculations. The PES spectra indicated that the electron binding energies increased in the order of F<Cl<Br, contradictory to the known electron affinities of the halogen atoms. The measured adiabatic detachment energies (ADEs) are 3.80, 3.93, and 3.97 eV and the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) are 3.96, 4.10, and 4.13 eV for the F-, Cl-, and Br-substituted species, respectively. Structures of these anions and their neutral species were obtained by full geometry optimizations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory, and final energies were calculated at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The calculated ADEs (3.76, 3.88, and 3.91 eV for F, Cl, Br, respectively) and VDEs (4.14, 4.29, and 4.32 eV, respectively) are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. Theoretical analysis shows that the increase of ADE/VDE from F to Cl to Br is related to that the matching of the p orbital energy of X with the COO- group is better for Br than that of Cl and F. For comparison, additional calculations were carried out to include halogen substituted ethanol, XCH2CH2OH. Similar trend on electron binding energies was also found. In contrast, the ionization potentials (IPs) of both XCH2COOH and XCH2CH2OH decrease in the order of F>Cl>Br. These systematic changes of detachment energy and IPs were explained by examining the charge redistributions upon detaching electrons.


Fiddler and Ford discuss two conceptual blends from widely different contexts: one from a comic strip and one from Old Testament scripture. Both have resulted in emergent structure that is observable by people other than those responsible for the creation of the blend. After explaining the structure and composition of the blends, Fiddler and Ford examine the responses of other people who encountered them and make preliminary hypotheses about how people process blends that have been created by others.


Background: Schisandra chinensis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine which protects hepatic function. Its primary component is polysaccharides which is used in the treatment of hepatic injury, but the mechanism of action of S. chinensis polysaccharides (SCP) in immunological liver injury induced by concavalin A (Con A) is still not clear. Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective mechanism of SCP in immunological liver injury. Subjects and Methods: In this study, we performed rapid-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics approach to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of SCP against Con A-induced immunological liver injury in mice. Results: According to our results, SCP significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in the liver; decreased the level of serum aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1 β, and IL-6 in the serum, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in the liver of mice with immunological liver injury induced by Con A. In this study, we identified 17 biomarkers through metabolomic analysis, and after the administration of SCP, 16 of them were found to return to the normal levels. Our analysis suggested that some metabolic pathways are involved in the mechanisms of action of SCP for the treatment of the immunological liver injury, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, taurine metabolism, amino saccharide and nucleotide metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Conclusion: SCP could alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in the immunological liver injury and recover the metabolic dysfunction caused by Con A.


Phosphor converted light emitting diodes (LEDs) are emerging are the most promising solid state lighting source since the past few decades and with no doubt in few years to come, this technology would conveniently replace the current lighting industries. This paper elucidates the significance of thermal and optical performance difference between cool and warm white LEDs. The analyses were carried out in terms of effects of phosphor concentration on the rise in junction temperature, thermal resistance as well as the optical properties of the samples. It was observed that the cool white samples achieved 6.68% less junction temperature compared to warm white LED recorded at room temperature of 25.1°C and the average efficiency of the cool white LED was found to be higher in magnitude compared to warm white LEDs. The effects of phosphor concentration on degradation of LED performances were discussed in terms of photon scattering, light trapping and thermal loading phenomena.


Confocal fluorescence endomicroscopy is an emerging endoscopic modality, which allows in vivo microscopic imaging of the mucosal layer of living tissues. In this paper, we will present a low-cost real-time 3D imaging system using an endomicroscope. In the system, the volumetric image data are automatically captured by continuously scanning the surface and subsurface tissue structures without removing tissues from the body or sacrificing animals. Real-time algorithms including feature-based registration of multiple cross-sectional images and GPU-based reconstruction of 3D microstructure as well as instant rendering of the clinical features are developed to allow the clinicians to navigate within the living tissue freely for a much more definitive diagnostic result. The nature of the proposed system enables the clinicians to diagnose various diseases including the early-stage cancers in a non-invasive way. In vivo histology becomes visible and an online diagnosis can potentially be achieved.


Asia is undergoing tremendous economic development and increased demand for energy, particularly from coal burning. As a result, acidic precursors move to neighbouring countries with the potential to cause serious environmental damage. Such transboundary pollution originating from countries in the Asian region such as India, China and Thailand contribute to acidic depositions in Sri Lanka. India in particular, because of its geographical proximity contributes significantly to sulphur depositions in Sri Lanka. The RAINS-ASIA model was used to calculate future acidic depositions in four major cities of Sri Lanka for the period 1990 ‒ 2030 using baseline data from 1990. The total acid depositions due to Sri Lanka taken as a whole can be compared to those arising from transboundary pollution. It was found that the acidic depositions in all four cities will increase by 400 ‒ 600 % during this period, with Kandy recording the highest increase at 600 %. It was also found that the share from transboundary pollution to acid depositions in Jaffna located close to the Indian peninsula is ~80 % of the total. On the other hand, the transboundary contributions in Colombo is predicted to decrease from 58.5 % in 1990 to 33 % in 2030. This can be attributed to increased local air pollution, resulting from the burning of fossil fuel such as coal and diesel in local power stations and also increased vehicular traffic. Ship movements around Sri Lanka significantly contribute to acid depositions and depending on the city it can vary from 10 ‒ 15 %. J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2015 43 (3):281-287


The structure of tetrasodium pentadecamolybdenum nonadecaselenide, Na3.88Mo15Se19, is isotypic with the In3+xMo15Se19 compounds [Grüttner et al. (1979 ▶). Acta Cryst. B35, 285–292]. It is characterized by two cluster units, Mo6Sei 8Sea 6 and Mo9Sei 11Sea 6 (where i represents inner and a apical atoms), that are present in a 1:1 ratio. The cluster units are centered at Wyckoff positions 2b and 2c and have point-group symmetry -3 and -6, respectively. The clusters are interconnected through additional Mo—Se bonds. In the title compound, the Na+ cations replace the trivalent as well as the monovalent indium atoms present in In3.9Mo15Se19. One Mo, one Se and one Na atom are situated on mirror planes, and two other Se atoms and one Na atom [occupancy 0.628 (14)] are situated on threefold rotation axes. The crystal studied was twinned by merohedry with refined components of 0.4216 (12) and 0.5784 (12).


from the ear had continued at intervals ever since, but for three weeks before the present illness began the ear had been dry. He had had bronchitis for years, and a week before admission to hospital he developed a bronchopneumonia. His general practitioner began treatment with chloramphenicol 0.5 g. eight-hourly, and " franol " tablets 2 twice a day. After taking a total of 3.5 g. of chloramphenicol he developed a generalized skin rash and a weeping eczematous eruption on the right pinna, which became very swollen. The patient recognized that the symptoms were due to chloramphenicol and stopped taking the capsules. On admission on April 4, 1955, he had a generalized eruption, petechial on the face, upper limbs, and trunk, and purpuric on the lower limbs. The eczematous rash was still present on the right pinna, but the swelling had subsided. The right external auditory meatus was red and excoriated. He was pyrexial, and had signs of patchy consolidation of both lower lobes and marked bronchospasm. The capillary fragility test (sphygmomanometer cuff inflated to 50 mm. Hg for 15 minutes) produced extensive ecchymoses below the level of the cuff. The result of investigations were as follows: blood count: R.B.C.s, 5,010,000; haemoglobin, 100% (Haldane); leucocytes, 11,500; neutrophils, 81%; eosinophils, 5% ; lymphocytes, 10%; monocytes, 4%; bleeding time: 4 minutes 15 seconds; clotting time: 6 minutes 30 seconds; platelet count: 480,000 per c.mm.; prothrombin concentration: 100% ; urinary excretion of ascorbic acid: 10.1 mg. in 24 hours; blood Wassermann reaction: negative; sputum: mucopurulent and contained Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus viridans, and diphtheroid bacilli; chest x-ray: chronic bronchitic changes with superimposed inflammatory shadowing at both bases. He was given a course of crystalline penicillin, and franol was continued. The eczematous rash on the right pinna was treated with calamine lotion and the otitis externa with 60% spirit drops and dry mopping. The purpuric eruption cleared up rapidly within ten days and the rash on the ear in three weeks. A patch test using 1% chloramphenicol eye ointment was markedly positive; an itchy raised erythematous patch developed within a few hours and took several days to subside. The capillary fragility test on April 22 was negative. He was well on discharge on April 23, and when seen as an out-patient two months later had no complaints apart from occasional watery discharge from the right ear and pain in the ear. It was thought he might subsequently develop a blood dyscrasia due to chloramphenicol, but serial blood counts have remained normal.I am, etc.,


Because of high levels of stigma and discrimination, people living with HIV (PLHIV) rarely participate openly in community-level political and social discussions that affect the implementation of programmes, schemes and policies. Until now, the potential for Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs), India's local governing bodies, to influence community perceptions and responses around HIV-related stigma had not been utilized. This project was successful in training and mobilizing Gram Panchayat (GP) members to lead stigma reduction efforts in five communities and to create a platform for ongoing dialogue between the Panchayat and PLHIV. This initiative was part of a larger effort to adapt and pilot test a global stigma reduction framework to the Indian context. 1


The fauna of introduced rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the Maritime Provinces of Canada is surveyed. Seventy-nine species have now been recorded. Of these, 73 have been found in Nova Scotia, 29 on Prince Edward Island, and 54 in New Brunswick. Twenty-five species are newly recorded in Nova Scotia, 16 on Prince Edward Island, and 10 in New Brunswick, for a total of 51 new provincial records. Of these, 15 species, Tachinus corticinus Gravenhorst, Mycetoporus lepidus (Gravenhorst), Habrocerus capillaricornis (Gravenhorst), Aleochara (Xenochara) lanuginosa Gravenhorst, Gnypeta caerulea (C.R. Sahlberg), Atheta (Microdota) amicula (Stephens), Cordalia obscura (Gravenhorst), Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius), Deleaster dichrous (Gravenhorst), Coprophilus striatulus (Fabricius), Carpelimus subtilis (Erichson), Leptacinus intermedius Donisthorpe, Tasgius (Rayacheila) melanarius (Heer), Neobisnius villosulus (Stephens), and Philonthus discoideus (Gravenhorst), are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces. Two of these, Atheta (Microdota) amicula and Carpelimus subtilis, are newly recorded in Canada. Leptacinus intermedius is removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick and Philhygra botanicarum Muona, a Holarctic species previously regarded as introduced in North America, is recorded for the first time in the Maritime Provinces. An examination of when species were first detected in the region reveals that, on average, it was substantially later than comparable dates for other, better known families of Coleoptera — an apparent indication of the comparative lack of attention this family has received. Some introduced species appear to be associated with the dry-ballast mechanism of introduction to the continent, while others are synanthropic and may have been inadvertently introduced in connection with agriculture, horticulture, or other processes associated with human activities. A substantial number are now established and well distributed, seemingly indicative of an early introduction into the region, the ability to successfully colonize a habitat and disperse within it, or a combination of these factors. Other species appear to be local in distribution, perhaps indicative of more recent introductions, more restricted ecological tolerances, a lesser ability to disperse, or a combination of these factors. These recent discoveries are discussed briefly in the context of the importance of taxonomic research and ongoing monitoring in order to detect and identify exotic species and monitor for new introductions and changes in existing native or introduced populations — all important in terms of assessing the risk of introductions to, and their impact on, native faunas and habitats.


PurposeSeveral types of vaccines were manufactured by different companies to control and stop the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to identify the postvaccination side effects of the three different vaccines (Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Sinopharm) among the Iraqi population in Baghdad, Iraq.Design/methodology/approachA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad, Iraq from May 2021 to March 2022. An online-based questionnaire was used to collect the data through social media, i.e. WhatsApp, Messenger and Google Classroom. A total of 737 vaccinated participants using a snowball sampling methodology were used in this study.FindingsAmong the study population, 328 (44.50%) were males and 409 (55.50%) were females. The highest age group that participated was 18–30 years (79.10%) followed by 31–40 years (12.10%), 41–50 years (4.20%), 51–60 years (2.40%) and 60 = years (2.20%). However, 58.8% of the participants received Pfizer-BioNTech, 23.7% received the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine and 17.5% received Sinopharm. Out of the total participants, 56.60% showed postvaccination side-effects such as fever, headache, fatigue and dizziness, while 33% showed no side-effects and 10.40% were not sure. Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccines were the most vaccines prevalent of side-effects.Originality/valueThe majority of the side reactions associated with the AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines were manageable and self-limiting, including fever, fatigue, headache, joint pain and dizziness, compared to the Sinopharm vaccines, which reported lower postside effects.


Abstract Objective: To detect the auditory brainstem response (ABR) automatically using an innovative sequentially applied Hotelling's T 2 test, with the overall goal of optimising test time whilst controlling the false-positive rate (FPR). Design: The stage-wise critical decision boundaries for accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis were found using a new approach called the Convolutional Group Sequential Test (CGST). Specificity, sensitivity, and test time were evaluated using simulations and subject recorded data. Study sample: Data consists of click-evoked ABR threshold series from 12 normal hearing adults, and recordings of EEG background activity from 17 normal hearing adults. Results: Reductions in mean test time of up to 40–45% were observed for the sequential test, relative to a conventional "single shot" test where the statistical test is applied to the data just once. To obtain these results, it will occasionally be necessary to run the test to a higher number of stimuli, i.e. the maximum test time needs to be increased. Conclusions: The CGST can be used to control the specificity of a sequentially applied ABR detection method. Doing so can reduce test time, relative to the "single shot" test, when considered across a cohort of test subjects.


This chapter elaborates an agent-based simulation model (ABM) to explore the endogenous long-term dynamics of knowledge externalities. ABMs, as a form of artificial cliometrics, allow analysis of the effects of the reactivity of firms caught in out-of-equilibrium conditions, combined with endogenous knowledge externalities stemming from the levels of knowledge connectivity of the system. The simulation results show the working of endogenous knowledge externalities as well as their powerful effects. At the micro-level, the reactions of firms caught in out-of-equilibrium conditions yield successful effects in the form of productivity-enhancing innovations only in the presence of high levels of knowledge connectivity and strong pecuniary knowledge externalities. At the meso-level, the introduction of innovations changes the structural characteristics of the system in terms of knowledge connectivity that affect the availability of knowledge externalities. Endogenous centrifugal and centripetal forces continually reshape the structure of the system and its knowledge connectivity. At the macro-system level, an out-of-equilibrium process leads to a step-wise increase in productivity combined with non-linear patterns of output growth characterized by significant oscillations typical of the long waves in Schumpeterian business cycles.


We consider for two based graphs $G$ and $H$ the sequence of graphs $G_k$ given by the wedge sum of $G$ and $k$ copies of $H$. These graphs have an action of the symmetric group $\Sigma_k$ by permuting the $H$-summands. We show that the sequence of representations of the symmetric group $H_q(\mathrm{Conf}_n(G_\bullet); \mathbf{Q})$, the homology of the ordered configuration space of these spaces, is representation stable in the sense of Church and Farb. In the case where $G$ and $H$ are trees, we provide a similar result for glueing along arbitrary subtrees instead of the base point. Furthermore, we give similar stabilization results for configurations in spaces without any obvious action of the symmetric group.


Abstract Triclisinone (2), a new ochnaflavone derivative, was isolated from the aerial parts of Triclisia gilletii, along with known drypemolundein B (1) and eight other known compounds. The chemical shifts of drypemolundein B (1) have been partially revised based on reinterpretation of NMR spectroscopic data. The eight other secondary metabolites are composed of: (+)-nonacosan-10-ol (3); stigmasterol (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol (5), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylstigmasterol (6); oleanic acid (7); myricetin (8), quercetin (9) and 3-methoxyquercetin (10). Their structures were elucidated using IR, MS, NMR 1D and 2D, 1H and 13C and comparison with literature data. Furthermore, compounds 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 and the crude extract were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 1, 2, 8 and 9 displayed moderate to very good activity against resistant strain (codified AC 45) of M. tuberculosis with minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs ranging from 3.90 to 62.5 μg/mL.


The modeling and analysis of construction processes is gaining recognition in the construction industry. Recent developments, such as object-oriented modeling, Petri net-based simulation and construction project-level simulation, are being adopted by researchers in the field of construction simulation. This paper describes one such recent development. It highlights the work performed by the authors in using Java for the simulation of construction processes. The methodology used, the simulation toolkit adopted (Silk) and the construction process simulated are described.


This work is an analysis of an ion turbulence in a tokamak in the case where the thermal flux is fixed and the temperature profile is allowed to fluctuate. The system exhibits some features of Self-Organized Critical systems. In particular, avalanches are observed. Also the frequency spectrum of the thermal flux exhibits a structure similar to the one of a sand pile automaton, including a 1/f behavior. However, the time average temperature profile is found to be supercritical, i.e. the temperature gradient stays above the critical value. Moreover, the heat diffusivity is lower for a turbulence calculated at fixed flux than at fixed temperature gradient, with the same time averaged temperature. This behavior is attributed to a stabilising effect of avalanches.


This study aimed to analyze the effect of spiritual emotional freedom techniques (SEFTs) on pain intensity of advanced breast cancer patients. The study used a quasi-experiment design with one pre-posttest group. The sample was selected using a consecutive sampling technique with total of 45 respondents. The respondents were given SEFT intervention for 3 (three) days using set-up, tune-in, and tapping techniques. The evaluation was carried out on the third day after the intervention by measuring the pain intensity using Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). This research used Wilcoxon and ordinal logistic regression for data analysis. The results showed a difference in pain intensity before and after SEFT intervention in patients with advanced breast cancer with a p-value of .001 (p < .05) with a change in intensity from severe to mild pain. This study's novelty is that SEFT intervention can be used as a nonpharmacological therapy for pain management in patients with advanced breast cancer. The limitations are only limited to measuring the patient's pain and less analysis related to the patient's emotional and spiritual problems. The application of SEFT intervention is recommended as a nurse's independent intervention in the management of advanced breast cancer pain.


There is still debate about the relationship between fat accumulation and mitochondrial function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It is a critical question as only a small proportion of individuals with steatosis progress to steatohepatitis. In this study, we focused on defining (i) the effects of triglyceride accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mitochondrial function (ii) the contributions of triglyceride, ROS and subsequent mitochondrial impairment on the metabolism of energy substrates.