Many examples of oriented intergrowths are known.l In some mineral occurrences it seems to be almost the rule. The well known ilmenite lamellae along the octahedral planes of magnetite have been a subject for discussion for many years' On the other hand, the oriented intergrowth of silver and dyscrasite, which seems to be quite common, has been described only recently'2 In other cases where oriented intergrowths might have been expected as in pyrrhotite and pentlandite none seem to exist' The case of tetrahedrite and chalcopyrite appears to be unusual' Oriented layers and crystal growth of chalcopyrite on tetrahedrite crystals have been mentioned frequently, but the microscopic oriented intergrowth of chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite has not been


The existence of periodic solutions of a periodically perturbed system of nonlinear differential equations is established. The construction of such solutions is proved in a more restricted situation. These results generalize well-known results for perturbed linear differential equations. Examples are given.


Medical Informatics (MI) is an emerging multidisciplinary study in academic fields. Also known as 'Health Informatics,' this study combines three different well-known fields; Information Systems (IS), Computer Science (CS), and Health Science (HS). MI is crucial because it could help in bridging the gap that is commonly found in conventional Healthcare services with the usage of Information Technology (IT). However, despite its vital role, the development of MI in Indonesia is still not satisfactory. Therefore, in this paper, the importance of MI as an academic discipline will be briefly discussed, followed by the description of MI development in Indonesia, and some suggestions for its future development.


ABSTRACT This paper shares learning from a project designed as part of a UK regional Teaching Partnership (TP) development to enhance service user and carer, or what we prefer to term 'Educator-by Experience', Led social work teaching and training. The paper illustrates development of the project and the approach taken to agree the project remit and undertake the work. We discuss the project guiding principles and some challenges we encountered within the project development process and reflect on some lessons learned. The overall aim of this paper is to share practice-informed experiential learning to enhance 'Educators by Experience-Led' social work teaching and training. The paper will assist in enhancing the engagement of 'Educators by Experience' in the design, delivery and evaluation of social work education and training programmes.


Recently, a family of proteins containing the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp, the "DEAD box" proteins, has been identified. This family is typified by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4A, and its members are believed to share the functional property of ATP-dependent RNA unwinding. One of the previously identified members of this family (vasa) is the product of a maternally expressed gene from Drosophila melanogaster that is known to play a role in the formation of the embryonic body plan. We report here the isolation of a Drosophila gene that has an mRNA expression pattern somewhat similar to that of vasa and also encodes a DEAD box protein. We have termed this gene ME31B to reflect its maternal (ovarian germ-line) expression and its location within the 31B chromosome region. Comparisons with the other members of this family reveal that although ME31B is most like the protein Tif1/Tif2, which probably represents the Saccharomyces cerevisiae version of eIF4A, it is unlikely that ME31B represents the Drosophila eIF4A protein per se. A search for mutations in the ME31B gene has established that the P element which causes the female-sterile mutation flipper lies in the 3' flank of the ME31B gene.


The open shortest path first (OSPF) and IS-IS routing protocols widely used in today's Internet compute a shortest path tree (SPT) from each router to other routers in a routing area. Many existing commercial routers recompute an SPT from scratch following changes in the link states of the network. Such recomputation of an entire SPT is inefficient and may consume a considerable amount of CPU time. Moreover, as there may coexist multiple SPTs in a network with a set of given link states, recomputation from scratch causes frequent unnecessary changes in the topology of an existing SPT and may lead to routing instability. We present new dynamic SPT algorithms that make use of the structure of the previously computed SPT. Besides efficiency, our algorithm design objective is to achieve routing stability by making minimum changes to the topology of an existing SPT (while maintaining shortest path property) when some link states in the network have changed. We establish an algorithmic framework that allows us to characterize a variety of dynamic SPT algorithms including dynamic versions of the well-known Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, D'Esopo-Pape algorithms, and to establish proofs of correctness for these algorithms in a unified way. The theoretical asymptotic complexity of our new dynamic algorithms matches the best known results in the literature.


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We have previously identified a novel function for the adhesion molecule E-selectin – awakening otherwise dormant hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and inducing lineage commitment (Winkler et al., Nat Med 2012). Now we show that therapeutic blockade of E-selectin in vivo specifically augments the mobilisation of HSC with highest self-renewal potential following G-CSF administration, and markedly improves subsequent engraftment and reconstitution in mice. From these data we hypothesise that vascular E-selectin acts as a gatekeeper influencing activation of transmigrating HSC.

Firstly we found that administration of mobilizing doses of G-CSF increased the level of E-selectin expressed on the surface of bone marrow (BM) endothelial cells. To determine whether E-selectin influenced HSC mobilisation, we then compared G-CSF-mediated mobilisation in wildtype and E-selectin knock-out mice. We found that although absence of E-selectin did not significantly alter the number of phenotypic HSC or colony-forming cells mobilized into the blood following G-CSF, the absence of E-selectin in mobilised mice did increase the subsequent engraftment and reconstitution potential of mobilised blood analysed by competitive repopulation transplant assays. Next we investigated whether this beneficial effect could similarly be achieved by transient E-selectin blockade using therapeutic doses of GMI-1271, a small synthetic mimetic that specifically blocks the binding of E-selectin to its receptors. Wild-type mice were administered human G-CSF alone (125µg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for 3 days) ± GMI-1271 injections (20 mg/kg BID). The number of mobilized HSC were quantified by rigorous limiting-dilution transplantation of 0.3, 1, 5 or 20 µL mobilised blood in competition with 200,000 congenic BM cells into lethally-irradiated congenic recipients, to enable quantification of long-term reconstituting cells per mL of mobilised blood by Poisson's distribution. We found the mobilized blood of donor mice injected with both GMI-1271 and G-CSF, showed faster engraftment and 25-fold increased reconstitution potential over blood from G-CSF alone injected controls (p<0.0001). That is after 3 days of G-CSF injections, blood from G-CSF plus GMI-1271 injected mice contained 476 reconstitution units (RU) /mL compared to 20 RU/mL in blood from mice mobilised with G-CSF alone. (One reconstitution unit is the same reconstitution as 100,000 normal bone marrow cells; 95% CI was 200 - 500 RU/mL compared to 11 – 36 RU/mL in blood from G-CSF plus GMI-1271 treated mice, compared to G-CSF alone injected mice respectively). Surprisingly, this dramatic boost to reconstitution potential with GMI-1271 co-administration was not reflected in the numbers of phenotypic HSPC, or number of colony-forming cells mobilised per mL of blood. Together these findings suggest that transient interactions between HSC extravasating across the BM endothelium during G-CSF administration, with E-selectin expressed on the BM vasculature, may inadvertently compromise the reconstitution potential of up to 96% of harvested peripheral blood HSC, indicating an unexpected disadvantage with current HSC harvesting procedures.

These data are consistent with the role of E-selectin in the bone marrow (to awaken otherwise dormant HSC) that we have previously reported, and also point the way forward to a simple remedy (administration of E-selectin antagonist together with G-CSF) during HSC mobilisation to improve short- and long-term engraftment thus accelerate recovery in transplant recipients. In conclusion we propose the novel concept of E-selectin as a vascular 'gate-keeper' dampening the potential of migratory HSC.

Disclosures Winkler: FibroGen Inc.: Research Funding. Magnani: GlycoMimetics Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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1Department of Nursing, Sarvapalli Radha krishnan University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. 2Professor & Vice-Principal, RKDF College of Nursing, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2348.2141.201901 The present study was conducted to assess the effect of computer assisted teaching on knowledge gain of students on GCS with Coma patient. An experimental design was chosen with pre-test and post-test of experimental and control group. The sample size was 60 B.Sc. Nursing 3rd Year students divided into two groups as 30 in experimental and 30 in control group. The tools used for conducting the study included demographic data, self-structured questionnaire to assess knowledge of experimental and control group. The experimental group was given computer assisted teaching as an intervention and the control group was used for comparison only without interventions. The data were analyzed with statistics and unpaired t-test was done. The study clearly shows that there was a significant gain in knowledge of students in experimental group with computer assisted teaching which emphasizes that GCS is helpful to assess the level of consciousness. Therefore, the students can be benefited with computer assisted teaching to improve knowledge on GCS and they can practice these interventions in clinical area in future. It is a true experimental study with 30 samples each in control and experimental group of BSc nursing third year student to assess the effect of computer assisted teaching on knowledge gain of the students regarding glass coma scale. The study group showed rise in knowledge score with CAT where as the control group did not demonstrate increase in post test knowledge score as this was not exposed to the intervention. Therefore computer assisted teaching helps in imparting knowledge subject and improving the score. The Purpose of the research was to improve knowledge on GCS so that student can assess the condition of unconscious patient and it will help in improving in nursing care and also they can assess the prognosis of the condition of the patient and planning nursing care accordingly.


The review begins by a brief presentation of the present state of knowledge on the multiplicity of brain dopamine receptors. The molecular basis of their distinction is reported, as well as the most specific ligands for each receptors type: D1, D2 (their isoforms A and B), D3, the putative D4 and autoreceptors. Then the review focuses on the respective location of D1 receptors (mainly linked positively to an adenylate cyclase) and of so-called D2 (lacking precision for distinguishing D2, D3 or D4), at the cellular level. The theoretical aspects of the functional interactions between these D1 and D2 receptors suggest four possibilities: Antagonism, indifference, additive synergy and potentiation. The effects resulting from the simultaneous administration of either D1 and D2 dopamine agonists or D1 and D2 dopamine antagonists were considered on various behaviours or functions. The four predicted types of interactions were found: D1/D2 antagonism on thermoregulation, D1/D2 indifference on nociception, additive synergy on the traction test, on anorexia or on the latency of the acoustic startle response, and finally potentiation on stereotypies or climbing behaviour. These data are completed by many other reported in an abundant literature about these interactions, which appear as modalities of regulation: their alterations might take part in several pathological states.


This paper details the design of a sinusoidal excited direct digitizer circuit for measuring inductance and resistance values of inductive elements. The conversion technique uses a modified dual-slope scheme. A sinusoidal voltage is provided to a voltage to current converter, which is then applied across the inductive element or coil whose inductance and resistance is to be measured. The voltage developed across the unknown element is then applied to the front end of a modified dual-slope converter. The output is a digital representation of the coil inductance and resistance, and is linear over the entire range of measurement. The digital output is generated without the use of Analog-to-Digital converters (ADC) or additional rectifier circuits. The conversion technique is insensitive to most of the circuit parameters and provides excellent accuracy of measurement. Simulation of the proposed digitizer indicates an overall error within 0.09% for both inductance measurement and resistance measurement.


Many supply chains have grown increasingly complex, which has led to the development of different facility types. One such facility is known as a post-distribution cross docking system (Post-C). In these facilities, bulk sorted product is received from various suppliers. Each product has its own destination, so the bulk package is broken, sorted by destination, and staged by destination. Typical processing includes: sort received goods by product type; break bulk and sort out goods by destination; move palletized goods to the staging areas of their respective destinations. This paper compares a global staffing policy (in which all workers may perform any task) to a dedicated staffing policy (in which groups of workers are assigned specific tasks). Through comparisons of the two models, it was found the dedicated worker model's benefits from reduced change-over outweigh the lower worker utilization it experiences.


Increasing the international trade of animals and their products and the continuous changing of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) lead to the rise of disease introductions and create an urgent need for laboratory methods facilitating a swift and sensitive confirmation of suspect outbreaks and fast characterization of new isolates. As FMDV is extremely contagious and affects all cloven-hoofed animals, it provides a continuous burden and risk to the livestock industries of the developing world, in particular due to mortality in young animals, weight and milk loss, lameness and the trade restrictions necessary to control the disease. The control of FMD in Egypt requires an accurate analysis of the newly introduced viral strains and an analysis of their relationship with the current circulating strains and the routinely used vaccines. This study evaluates a recently developed rapid Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) for the identification of FMDV in samples from suspect cases. Samples were collected from gum, tongue epithelium, vesicular fluid, buccal and gum swabs, as well as saliva of infected cattle, buffalo and sheep and examined using two RT-qPCR of routine and high-speed formats using "IRES1" and "3D-OIE" primers. In addition, partial VP1 sequencing of some selected isolates was carried out for phylogenetic analysis. The high-speed RT-qPCR allowed a reliable diagnosis of FMDV in less than half an hour and can be used as a fast and valuable method for the monitoring and controlling of the foot and mouth disease. A new variant genotype (FMD-O/Eg/Mans/14) was circulating in Egypt during the outbreak of 2012 showing 98.5% identity to the isolated strain in Sudan (SUD_6_2008).


The non-invariance of the Faraday induction law, revealed in [1] through calculation of an e.m.f. along a mathematical line, was further analyzed for integration over a conducting closed circuit within special relativity theory [2]. Now this problem is considered within the framework of covariant ether theories [3]. Aphysical meaning of the non -invariance of the Faraday induction law is revealed, and a possible experimental scheme for measuring an absolute velocity of Earth has been proposed.


There is limited understanding of which factors most influence take-up of DRR behaviour in the general population. This evidence gap may limit the effectiveness of DRR implementation and, hence, impede translation of increasing evidence for DRR1 into real-world public health benefits. Reviews of quantitative studies have identified poor knowledge and persistence of myths about ageing2,3 as important. However, these findings are limited by the scope of included questionnaires. Qualitative literature reporting the perspectives of the general public offers an opportunity to increase this understanding. Qualitative studies can examine poorly understood phenomena in greater depth and with fewer a priori assumptions. Qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) is increasingly recognised as valuable, particularly in relation to complex interventions like DRR. We will present a QES regarding the perspectives of dementia- free members of the general public towards DRR. Searches indicate that no QES for this topic currently exists. Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL for studies published since 1995 that have used qualitative methods to explore DRR perspectives in the general public were undertaken, supplemented by hand searches of included studies' reference lists. Following independent screening by two reviewers, 41 publications based on 37 individual studies meeting inclusion criteria have been identified. Data will be analysed using thematic synthesis, as outlined by Thomas and Harden (2008)4 and recommended for QES regarding complex health interventions5. 'Line-by-line' inductive coding and development of descriptive themes across studies will produce a summary of the perspectives of the general public for DRR. A conceptual framework explaining the relationships between key themes and considering the implications for implementation will be proposed. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool will be used to appraise included studies. Rather than imposing an arbitrary quality cut-off point for inclusion, sensitivity analyses will be used to examine the influence of lower quality studies on review findings. Finally, the Confidence in the Evidence from Qualitative Reviews (CERQual) approach will facilitate assessment of confidence in review findings to aid future use. Data extraction is ongoing. Findings from this synthesis will support better targeted quantitative examination of DRR implementation determinants and more strategic intervention design. 1. World Health Organisation. Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. World Health Organisation. 2019. Geneva. Licence CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO 2. Cahill, S., Pierce, M., Werner, P., Darley, A., Bobersky, A. A systematic review of the public's knowledge and understanding of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Alz Dis Assoc Disord. 2015; 29:255-275 3. Cations, M., Radisic, G., Crotty, M., Laver, K.E. What does the general public understand about prevention and treatment of dementia? A systematic review of population-based surveys. PLoS One. 2018, 13(4):e0196085 4. Thomas, J. and Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews, BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2008 July; 8:45. doi 10.1186/1471-2288-8-45 5. Noyes, J., Booth, A., Cargo, M., et al. (2018). Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group guidance series – paper 1: introduction. J of Clin Epidemiol. 2018; 97:35-38


A case of a tubulopapillary hidradenoma was studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. The tumor, the first reported from the axilla, demonstrated both eccrine and apocrine differentiation and may have arisen from the recently described apoeccrine gland located at this site.


Breit–Pauli and Dirac–Hartree–Fock energy levels and transition probabilities in Ar I are reported for energy levels up to and including 3s23p53d 1Po1. Through the use of a simple core-polarization model, the term composition of these levels was determined. In order to also obtain accurate results for transitions from the ground state, a more extended correlation model was employed. The agreement in the length and velocity gauges of transition data and the accuracy of the predicted transition energy are factors that determine the accuracy of our results which are compared with experimental and other theoretical data when available.


Introduction: Several randomized clinical trials have shown that neoadjuvant chemotherapy has similar long-term survival outcomes as compared to adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the prognostic significance of pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear, particularly for HR+ (Hormone Receptor positive) and HER2+ (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2 positive) breast cancer where adjuvant therapy after surgery could also have an impact on survival. The primary objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of published neoadjuvant chemotherapy studies to comprehensively evaluate the association between pCR with subsequent breast cancer recurrence (BCR) and mortality. Methods: Based on PRISMA guidelines, a librarian-led search of PubMed from inception until November 2015 was performed to identify potentially eligible studies. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials or retrospective studies with at least one arm featuring neoadjuvant chemotherapy that reported pCR results as well as recurrence and/or survival stratified by the presence or absence of pCR. A total of 1,171 citations with associated abstracts were reviewed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and p values were estimated for endpoints using the fixed and random effects statistical model. Results: 18,772 patients from 49 studies met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies featured patients with stage II-III breast cancer and defined pCR as no residual invasive cancer in breast or nodes with residual noninvasive breast cancer allowed (ypT0/is ypN0). The overall pCR rate was 21.5% (range: 5.7-62%), with the highest pCR rates seen in HER2+ (range: 16.7-76%) and triple negative tumors (range: 14.3-67%). Achievement of pCR, as compared to absence of pCR, was associated with significantly reduced BCR (OR 0.33, CI: 0.28-0.39, p = Conclusions: Achieving pCR following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with significantly improved disease recurrence and survival across the various breast cancer subtypes, including HR+ and HER2+ breast cancer. These results provide further support for using pCR as a surrogate marker for survival outcomes as newer targeted therapies are evaluated in the neoadjuvant setting and might provide an efficient model for drug development in early breast cancer, but impact of adjuvant therapy needs to be carefully weighed in the analytical interpretation. Citation Format: Laura Spring, Rachel Greenup, Kerry Reynolds, Barbara L. Smith, Beverly Moy, Aditya Bardia. Pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts improved survival in all major subtypes of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analyses of over 18,000 patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1439.


The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of incorporating Cicer arietinum in the diet on the testicular functions of the male mice. Seventy-two mice were divided equally into four groups that were daily fed a diet containing 0, 20, 30 and 50% of C. arietinum seeds, respectively. After 7, 14 and 21 days of starting the experiments, the mice were anesthetized and euthanized to collect the blood, testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles. The present results showed that the increased percentage of C. arietinum in the diet caused significant elevations in the serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), sperm concentration, sperm motility as well as the testicular levels of antioxidants including glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), in comparison to the controls. On the other hand, marked reductions in the sperm abnormality, testicular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), the percentage of DNA damage in tail and tail moment (TM) were observed in the mice that received a diet containing C. arietinum as compared to the controls. Both the sperms and testes of the mice fed a diet containing C. arietinum in the diet showed a normal intact appearance of the electrophoresed genomic DNA on agarose, as those of the controls. In conclusion, C. arietinum is not only a safe ingredient in the fast-food but also an enhancer of the testicular functions.


Existing Masked Image Modeling methods apply fixed mask patterns to guide the self-supervised training. As those patterns resort to different criteria to mask local regions, sticking to a fixed pattern leads to limited vision cues modeling capability. This paper proposes an evolved part-based masking to pursue more general visual cues modeling in self-supervised learning. Our method is based on an adaptive part partition module, which leverages the vision model being trained to construct a part graph, and partitions parts with graph cut. The accuracy of partitioned parts is on par with the capability of the pretrained model, leading to evolved mask patterns at different training stages. It generates simple patterns at the initial training stage to learn low-level visual cues, which hence evolves to eliminate accurate object parts to reinforce the learning of object semantics and contexts. Our method does not require extra pretrained models or annotations, and effectively ensures the training efficiency by evolving the training difficulty. Experiment results show that it substantially boosts the performance on various tasks including image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. For example, it outperforms the recent MAE by 0.69% on imageNet-1K classification and 1.61% on ADE20K segmentation with the same training epochs.


We present a three-part conceptual model that illuminates key dynamics promoting financial unsustainability within intercollegiate athletics. Revenue divergence comprises the first part as the influx of commercial athletic revenues primarily benefits a small set of universities housing prominent athletic programs. These schools then increase athletic expenditures, which promotes expenditures cascades as their spending spurs expenditure growth at other athletic programs. Because external revenues do not increase alongside expenditures at these other programs, subsidies ensue as student fees and institutional subsidies are increased to fill growing deficits. These increases, however, will be difficult to sustain in an era of tight academic budgets and rising student debt. We describe each part of the model using a range of organizational theories and use financial data from intercollegiate athletic programs to demonstrate that the patterns predicted by our framework are supported empirically.


OBJECTIVE
To establish GC methods for determining eugenol in Ocimun oil.

METHOD
The determination was effected by GC method, using Chromosorb WAW with 10% PEG-20M as the stationary phase and column temperature at 200 degrees C.

RESULT
The calibration curve was linear within the range of 2-10 mg.ml-1 of eugenol. The average recovery and relative standard deviation were 101.24% and 0.79% respectively.

CONCLUSION
The method is simple, accurate, sensitive and free from outside interference.


Objectives: The BTA stat is a rapid, non–invasive, qualitative urine test that detects bladder tumor–associated antigen (human complement factor H related protein) in urine. The sensitivity of this test is superior to that of urine cytology in detecting primary and recurrent tumors of the urinary bladder. Intravesical instillations are widely used to avoid recurrences and even progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravesical treatments on the BTA stat Test. Methods: 501 consecutive patients followed up for bladder cancer were studied, of which 490 were eligible for analysis. Three hundred and twenty–seven (66.7%) of the patients had no history of intravesical treatments, whereas the remaining 163 (33.3%) had received treatments: 66 (40.5%) at the time of evaluation. A voided urine sample was obtained prior to cystoscopy and split for culture and BTA stat testing. The overall sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to the patients with no, past and present instillations. Results: The overall sensitivity for the BTA stat Test was 56.6%, and the specificity was 76.4%. The specificity of the BTA stat Test was 80.7, 70.7 and 65.3% in those with no, past or present intravesical instillation treatments, respectively. The difference in specificity between those with no and present instillations was significant (p = 0.023), whereas the notable difference between those with no and past instillations did not reach significance (p = 0.076), nor was the difference between patients with past and present instillations significant (p = 0.558). Present instillation of mitomycin C had the strongest adverse effect on the test as the specificity was only 25.0%, whereas past treatment did not interfere with testing. The adverse effect of BCG treatment on testing extended. Conclusion: The overall specificity of the test is decreased in patients receiving intravesical treatments, whereas past treatments did not interfere with testing in general. However, the adverse effect of BCG on testing seems to extend, and therefore it is suggested that the BTA stat Test should not be used in patients having received BCG, and in those with present instillation of any type.


Behavioral observations and hematological, serum biochemical and blood gas measurements were made on 8 naturally occurring twin calves during the first 48 hours of life. These values were compared to similar measurements collected from 30 single born calves, born under the same calving conditions. All calves survived to at least 3 weeks of age without physically detectable disease. Although the gestational age of the twins and singles were not different, the twins had a lower mean birth weight. Calving difficulty score, time interval to standing and time interval to nursing were not different between the 2 groups. Twin calves had significantly lower rectal temperatures, arterial oxygen tensions and blood glucose concentrations than the single calves through the first 12 hours of life. Hct, Hgb concentration, and RBC were lower in twin calves throughout the 48 hour period. The N:L ratio was lower in the twins at birth. Mean serum IgG1 concentrations were lower in twins only at 24 hours whereas IgM concentrations were lower at both 24 and 48 hours in twins. Serum chemistry value differences between twin and single calves were most numerous at 24 hours of age when serum proteins, urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, sodium, chloride, and total calcium concentrations were higher in the twins and serum phosphorus concentration was lower in the twins.


The term jumpers knee for patella tendinitis, as coined by Dr. Martin Blazina, is now commonly referred to as tendinopathy. He believed it was associated with patella alta. Since then multiple studies have failed to reliably show an association between patella tendinopathy and associated intrinsic risk factors. There is, unfortunately, a well‐established doctrine that the extensor mechanism is simply a pulley. The goal of the review is to examine the biomechanics of the extensor mechanism and apply this to studies investigating intrinsic risk factors for patella tendinopathy. A better understanding of the biomechanics of the extensor mechanism may stimulate the discovery of intrinsic risk factors for developing patella tendinopathy, and subsequent surgical options to address them. Clinical significance: The aim of this review is to direct future research into biomechanical risk factors for developing patella tendinopathy and subsequently, possible treatments. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3105–3112, 2018.


In this retrospective study, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of Phase I (early) orthodontic treatment provided in an undergraduate teaching clinic. Pre-treatment and post-treatment casts of ninety-three patients were analyzed. All patients selected for Phase I orthodontic treatment had Class I skeletal relationships and did not require complex orthodontic treatment such as growth modification or treatment of occlusions with missing or impacted teeth. The mean age of patients who received Phase I orthodontic treatment was 9.9 years. The mean initial PAR score for the sample was 29.70 +/-9.84. The mean reduction in PAR score was 14.9 points corresponding to a 50.2 percent decrease in the PAR score following Phase I orthodontic treatment. Seventy-three percent of the patients experienced at least a 30 percent reduction in their PAR score following Phase I (early) orthodontic treatment. The mean cost of $381.00 for the Phase I orthodontic treatment was found to be influenced by the length of treatment, type of Phase I treatment provided, age at start of treatment, and percentage reduction in PAR score. The greatest success rate for the Phase I orthodontic treatment occurred with either fixed or a combination of fixed and removable appliances. Over half of the patients recommended for Phase I orthodontic treatment in the undergraduate dental clinic were successfully treated and did not require Phase II treatment. For them, there was both a treatment and a financial benefit to the Phase I orthodontic treatment.


Abstract This article offers an integrative model of treatment for law enforcement officers involved in mutual violence as batterers in domestic violence. The model draws on aspects of motivational interviewing, solution-focused and cognitive behavioral therapy. The integration of these aspects enhances the inherent strength of each approach and utilizes a technical eclecticism of each perspective while allowing for flexibility and achieving change.


The natural history and outcome of 20 asthmatics who required mechanical ventilation is reviewed. Seven of these patients died. The majority of the deaths could have been prevented if: (1) The patient had been followed-up in an asthma clinic and had been fully informed of the danger of an asthmatic attack. (2) The medical staff had been trained more fully in the evaluation and management of a severe asthma attack. Careful sequential assessment will enable timely transfer of patients with severe bronchial asthma to a unit experienced in their management.


The results of a prevalence study on use- and abuse- of psychoactive substances, among a population aged 12 to 45 in Paraguay are presented. Presence of the depressive syndrome as well as attitudes and beliefs related to the use of psychoactive substances were also investigated. A bilingual questionnaire was drafted--i.e. a Spanish version and a Guarani version due to the Paraguayans' bilingual characteristic--that yielded acceptable validity and reliability levels. A stratified random sample was applied, with a total of 2,504 questionnaires filled out. Weighted data are shown here as studied by sex, age-group, socio-economic level, and presence of the depressive syndrome. Substance/alcohol use patterns were found out to be widely tolerant about abusing legal substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and psychotropic drugs. As regards illicit substances use, inhalants head the list followed by marijuana at a close range.


It is well known that the Kalman filter is the recursive linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) filter for a linear system with some assumptions on auto- and cross-correlations of process and measurement noise and initial state. It is little known, however, that for many linear systems the LMMSE filter does not have a recursive form. This paper introduces the concept of recursibility and presents related results for optimal linear estimation and filtering for arbitrary auto- and cross-correlations of the noise and state without the Kalman filter assumptions. Specifically, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the recursibility of LMMSE estimation and filtering; more important, we present recursive LMMSE estimators and filters that are not necessarily equivalent to the batch LMMSE estimators and filters, but are optimal within the recursive class.


Patients with chronic pain, discomfort and other urinary symptoms related to bladder pain syndrome or urinary tract infections may experience severely diminished quality of life and psychological and social problems, including depression, anxiety, and a sense of helplessness and hopelessness. These patients require empathy, understanding and practical support to allow them to cope with their chronic bladder disorder.


We provide simple techniques for estimating the end-to-end jitter incurred by a periodic traffic in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. Our analysis is based on the careful examination of light and heavy traffic behavior of jitter incurred to a tagged renewal stream in a single node. Our results indicate that, in the heavy traffic as the number of nodes increases, the jitter distribution approaches to a limiting distribution which only depends on the behavior of the background traffic. We provide the functional equation satisfying this limit which bounds the moments of the jitter for arbitrary level of traffic. A simple approximation method based on the heavy and light traffic analysis of the jitter process is also provided and the results is supported by extensive simulation.


Abstract : The joint design of the future force has been, and continues to be, a significant challenge for Defence. This paper presents a review of the Australian joint approach to the planning and conduct of operations, the management of the current ADF, and the design and building of the future force. And along the way we make a number of suggestions for enhancing joint force design, most notably, that it is necessary to establish an effective, permanent and well-resourced joint force design team to ensure that improvement is achieved throughout the force design process. Furthermore, force design improvement requires a Defence joint force design culture, where the focus is on decision-making through a joint and integrated lens.


On behalf of the Editorial Board and Staff of Earth and Space Science, I thank the reviewers whose selfless dedication to science has ensured, once again, that the papers published in our journal in 2021 highlight the best Earth and space science in a manner that does justice to the authors and their work. All of us at Earth Peer reviewing is a demanding and often thankless job. It is however an essential component of the scientific process, ensuring the highest standards of integrity and rigor. Without the work of reviewers, who check data and procedures for possible bias and to ensure reproducibility, and who share their expertise to verify that the interpretations and conclusions of a paper are consistent with assumptions and existing knowledge, it would not be possible to trust in the scientific process. Our journal is particularly indebted to our reviewers: Earth and Space Science is a multidisciplinary journal that highlights methods, instruments, data and algorithms, and therefore we rely heavily on the direct expertise of our reviewers to verify and vouch for the quality of the papers we publish. We are indebted to all our reviewers, and we are delighted to acknowledge them publicly in this Editorial.


Software process improvement involves complex decision-making activities and requires supporting tools to coordinate and optimize information exchange within organizations. This work presents the theoretical background for developing a framework capable of integrating decision levels in software development organizations. In addition, this framework aims to improve and coordinate information exchange among the different modeling paradigms/conventions. Semantic technologies, namely ontologies, stand for an opportunity to suggest the use of best practices based on the essentials of the enterprise such as size or process and business goals. This work relies on different standards, methodologies and models, which focus on process improvement and human resources management of processes related to software development. In this way, knowledge derived from the application of some of the most used technologies for process improvement is captured, allowing the use and reuse among different enterprises and processes and promoting transversal process-oriented management.


We investigated the electron tunneling out of a quantum dot in the presence of continuous monitoring by a detector. It is shown that the Schrodinger equation for the whole system can be reduced to new Bloch-type rate equations describing the time development of the detector and the measured system at once. Using these equations we find that the continuous measurement of the unstable system does not affect its exponential decay, exp(-gammat), contrary to expectations based on the quantum Zeno effect. However, the width of the energy distribution of the tunneling electron is no longer gamma, but increases due to the decoherence, generated by the detector.


There is growing evidence that endothelial dysfunction, which is often defined as the decreased endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, is a crucial factor leading to vascular disease states such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart failure and cigarette smoking. This is due to the fact that the lack of NO in endothelium-dependent vascular disorders contributes to impaired vascular relaxation, platelet aggregation, increased vascular smooth muscle proliferation, and enhanced leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. During the last several years, it has become clear that reduction of NO bioavailability in the endothelium-impaired function disorders is associated with an increase in endothelial production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)). Because O(2)(*-) rapidly scavenges NO within the endothelium, a reduction of bioactive NO might occur despite an increased NO generation. Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing O(2)(*-), NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) apparently are the main sources of O(2)(*-) in the endothelial cells. It seems that O(2)(*-) generated by NAD(P)H oxidase may trigger eNOS uncoupling and contribute to the endothelial balance between NO and O(2)(*-). That is maintained at diverse levels.


Interaction of anthropogenic and natural emission sources during a wild-land fire event – influence on ozone formation E. Bossioli, M. Tombrou, A. Karali, A. Dandou, D. Paronis, and M. Sofiev Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Building PHYS-5, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & V. Pavlou, P. Penteli (Lofos Koufou) 15236, Athens, Greece Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & V. Pavlou, P. Penteli (Lofos Koufou) 15236, Athens, Greece Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmenin aukio 1, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland


PURPOSE
In treatment plan optimization for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), after a plan is initially developed by a dosimetrist, the attending physician evaluates its quality and often would like to improve it. As opposed to having the dosimetrist implement the improvements, it is desirable to have the physician directly and efficiently modify the plan for a more streamlined and effective workflow. In this project, we developed an interactive optimization system for physicians to conveniently and efficiently fine-tune iso-dose curves.

METHODS
An interactive interface is developed under C++/Qt. The physician first examines iso-dose lines. S/he then picks an iso-dose curve to be improved and drags it to a more desired configuration using a computer mouse or touchpad. Once the mouse is released, a voxel-based optimization engine is launched. The weighting factors corresponding to voxels between the iso-dose lines before and after the dragging are modified. The underlying algorithm then takes these factors as input to re-optimize the plan in near real-time on a GPU platform, yielding a new plan best matching the physician's desire. The re-optimized DVHs and iso-dose curves are then updated for the next iteration of modifications. This process is repeated until a physician satisfactory plan is achieved.

RESULTS
We have tested this system for a series of IMRT plans. Results indicate that our system provides the physicians an intuitive and efficient tool to edit the iso-dose curves according to their preference. The input information is used to guide plan re-optimization, which is achieved in near real-time using our GPU-based optimization engine. Typically, a satisfactory plan can be developed by a physician in a few minutes using this tool.

CONCLUSION
With our system, physicians are able to manipulate iso-dose curves according to their preferences. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this tool.


Advances in reproductive medicine have provided new, and much needed, hope for millions of people struggling with infertility. Gestational surrogacy is one such development that has been gaining popularity with infertile couples, especially those unable to benefit from other reproductive procedures such as In Vitro Fertilization. For many Muslim couples, however, surrogacy remains a nonviable option. Islamic scholars have deemed the procedure incompatible with Islam and have prohibited its use. This paper examines the arguments presented for proscribing surrogacy arrangements in Sunni Islam in particular. These include preservation of lineage, exclusion of third parties in reproduction, upholding the rights of the child, and protection from the negative effects of surrogacy arrangements. The rationales for banning surrogacy are subsequently refuted utilizing Islamic law "Sharia", bioethics, and medical evidence. The paper also presents reasons for why surrogacy is not only consistent with Sunni Islamic teachings, but is also both ethically justified and medically necessary. Lastly, Islamic scholars are urged to take into account the arguments presented in this paper and reconsider their rulings on the permissibility of surrogacy.


This paper contributes to the current discussion in the field of human-computer interaction design (HCI) on the accessibility and design of eLearning tools embedded in the online platforms for higher education. Presenting the preliminary results of a longitudinal study of the accessibility of the faculty-facing pages of Canvas learning management system, it aims at drawing the attention of designers, developers, and manufacturers to the barriers erected by the ableist LMS designs for disabled faculty. The paper asks for improvements in design processes by embracing participatory design methods and by paying attention to the recommendations included in this paper.


We have proposed polymer stabilized liquid crystal (LC) cells with a hybrid alignment nematic (HAN) LC. LCs with positive and negative dielectric constant anisotropies are used. The cell has a reverse mode electro-optical property which shows a transparent state in a voltage off-state and a light scattering state in the on-state. We fabricate cells by irradiating the cell with a UV light from a planar alignment side or vertical alignment side in a polymerization process. The photopolymerization-induced segregation of the polymer from the LC and the influence of UV absorption by the LC bulk are investigated. A relationship between UV irradiation conditions and electro-optical characteristics in the cell is clarified. The light scattering intensity depends on an incident angle of light in the on-state, which is promising for application to smart windows. The feasibility of this concept is demonstrated with consideration of LC materials.


Presented are two cases of vascular prosthesis infections complicated by peritonitis with a lethal course. The authors describe complicated antibiotic therapy with findings, exhausted options for surgical therapy and subsequent decision that the condition was untreatable and palliative care was initiated.


: Low-mass particles such as neutrinos, axions, other Nambu-Goldstone bosons and gravitons are produced in the hot and dense interior of stars. Therefore, astrophysical arguments constrain the properties of these particles in ways which are often complementary to cosmological arguments and to laboratory experiments. This review provides an update on the most important stellar-evolution limits and discusses them in the context of other information from cosmology and laboratory experiments.


Agroforestry tree domestication emerged as a farmer-driven, market-led process in the early 1990s and became an international initiative. A participatory approach now supplements the more traditional aspects of tree improvement, and is seen as an important strategy towards the Millennium Development Goals of eradicating poverty and hunger, promoting social equity and environmental sustainability. Considerable progress has been made towards the domestication of indigenous fruits and nuts in many villages in Cameroon and Nigeria. Vegetatively-propagated cultivars based on a sound knowledge of 'ideotypes' derived from an understanding of the tree-to-tree variation in many commercially important traits are being developed by farmers. These are being integrated into polycultural farming systems, especially the cocoa agroforests. Markets for Agroforestry Tree Products (AFTPs) are crucial for the adoption of agroforestry on a scale to have meaningful economic, social and environmental impacts. Important lessons have been learned in southern Africa from detailed studies of the commercialization of AFTPs. These provide support for the wider acceptance of the role of domesticating indigenous trees in the promotion of enhanced livelihoods for poor farmers in the tropics. Policy guidelines have been developed in support of this sustainable rural development as an alternative strategy to those proposed in many other major development and conservation fora.


SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China at the end of 2019 and has rapidly become a pandemic with over 400,000 recorded COVID-19 cases and greater than 19,000 recorded deaths by March 24th, 2020 (www.WHO.org) (1). There are no FDA approved antivirals or vaccines for any coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2 (2). Current treatments for COVID-19 are limited to supportive therapies and off-label use of FDA approved drugs (3). Rapid development and human testing of potential antivirals is greatly needed. A potentially quicker way to test compounds with antiviral activity is through drug re-purposing (2, 4). Numerous drugs are already approved for use in humans and subsequently there is a good understanding of their safety profiles and potential side effects, making them easier to test in COVID-19 patients. Here, we present data on 20 FDA approved drugs tested for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 that we have previously found to inhibit SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV (4). We find that 17 of these also inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at a range of IC50 values at non-cytotoxic concentrations. From these we specifically followed up with hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine phosphate.


An increase in alpha-amylase activity with parallel decrease in glucose concentration in amniotic fluid is observed during pregnancy. This interdependence is a theoretical basis for using an alpha-amylase/glucose index in fetal maturity evaluation. The aim of the study was to investigate usefulness of the alpha-amylase/glucose index in amniotic fluid in prenatal fetal maturity diagnosis. The study was carried out on 180 pregnant women, chosen by random selection, hospitalized in Polish Mother's Health Centre Hospital in the period from 15.06.1994 to 31.12.1995. 223 samples of amniotic fluid were tested for glucose concentration and alpha-amylase activity. It was found that the alpha-amylase/glucose < 6.0 index indicates a possibility of RDS occurring in neonates born before 72 hours of performed determination. The alpha-amylase/glucose > or = 6.0 index has high diagnostic value (95.8%) in prenatal prediction of fetal lung maturity.


Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is frequently activated in tumor cells contributing to aggressive tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy. Here we demonstrate that Ferritin Heavy Chain (FHC) protein expression inversely correlates with NF-κB activation in cancer cell lines. In fact, FHC silencing in K562 and SKOV3 cancer cell lines induced p65 nuclear accumulation, whereas FHC overexpression correlated with p65 nuclear depletion in the same cell lines. In FHC-silenced cells, the p65 nuclear accumulation was reverted by treatment with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, indicating that NF-κB activation was an indirect effect of FHC on redox metabolism. Finally, FHC knock-down in K562 and SKOV3 cancer cell lines resulted in an improved cell viability following doxorubicin or cisplatin treatment, being counteracted by the transient expression of inhibitory of NF-κB, IκBα. Our results provide an additional layer of information on the complex interplay of FHC with cellular metabolism, and highlight a novel scenario of NF-κB-mediated chemoresistance triggered by the downregulation of FHC with potential therapeutic implications.


Correspondence: David R Boulware MTRF 3-222, 2001 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Tel +1 612 625 9996 Fax +1 612 625 4410 Email email@example.com Abstract: Cryptococcal meningitis has emerged as one of the most frequent and deadly opportunistic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cryptococcosis has become the most common cause of adult meningitis in many parts of Africa, where it now rivals tuberculosis in all-cause mortality. While expanding access to antiretroviral therapy in many resource-limited settings has led to improvements in long-term prognosis, early mortality from HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis remains unacceptably high. Successful management of cryptococcal meningitis is often hindered by unsatisfactory antifungal regimens or by poor control of elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressures. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome also frequently complicates cryptococcal meningitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) initiating antiretroviral therapy, and the optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy remains unclear. The optimal initial regimen of amphotericin B and flucytosine is difficult to administer and is often not available in resource-limited settings, where cryptococcal meningitis is most prevalent. Fluid and electrolyte coadministration with amphotericin B is essential to minimizing iatrogenic comorbidities. Fortunately, several new approaches have been leading the way toward improving care for cryptococcal meningitis patients in resource-limited settings. Innovative trials utilizing different combinations of antifungal therapy are reviewed, and we summarize the efficacy of different induction regimens. Universal cryptococcal antigen screening of AIDS patients, combined with new point-of-care testing, has the potential to improve the early diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis markedly in resource-limited settings.


Two patients with severe granulocytopenia and recurrent infections of the skin and oropharynx had excess T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma cells) in blood and bone marrow. The abnormal T gamma cells killed antibody-sensitized target cells in vitro (killer-cell activity) but did not suppress immunoglobulin production by B lymphocytes (suppressor-cell activity). T gamma lymphocytes from normal persons showed both killer-cell activity and suppressor-cell activity. In the serum of one patient, granulocyte antibodies, possibly of an autoimmune nature, were detected. The clinical picture in conjunction with the hematologic and immunologic findings characterized the disease of both patients as a distinct entity among the chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of T-cell origin.


The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need for and brief description of certain modern approaches, methods and technologies for creating and operating long-range detection radars (LRD radars). A method for managing the creation of LRD radars based on risk models is proposed, which allows to find the optimal set of hardware, functional and software solutions. The possibility and experience of application of the General designer's stand in the automated control system for the creation of LRD radars is shown. A variant of building a complex of automated information and logistics support for operation is proposed. A method and algorithm for calculating indicators of adaptive maintenance regulations have been developed. The experience of the application of new methods and technologies in the creation and operation of radars of the Vorkuta project is presented. Conclusions are drawn about the need to develop the results obtained in order to optimize resources and ensure a long operational state of the information tools of space-rocket defense systems.


Eukaryotic cells are divided into the nucleus and the cytosol, and, to enter the nucleus, proteins typically possess short signal sequences, known as nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Although NLSs have long been considered as features unique to eukaryotic proteins, we show here that similar or identical protein segments are present in ribosomal proteins from the Archaea. Specifically, the ribosomal proteins uL3, uL15, uL18, and uS12 possess NLS-type motifs that are conserved across all major branches of the Archaea, including the most ancient groups Microarchaeota and Diapherotrites, pointing to the ancient origin of NLS-type motifs in the Archaea. Furthermore, by using fluorescence microscopy, we show that the archaeal NLS-type motifs can functionally substitute eukaryotic NLSs and direct the transport of ribosomal proteins into the nuclei of human cells. Collectively, these findings illustrate that the origin of NLSs preceded the origin of the cell nucleus, suggesting that the initial function of NLSs was not related to intracellular trafficking. Overall, our study reveals rare evolutionary intermediates among archaeal cells that can help elucidate the sequence of events that led to the origin of the eukaryotic cell.


In this paper new experimental observation is reported in order to shed light on the fluid dynamic interactions between the solid and the fluid phases in binary solid mixture suspensions. More specifically the case where a solid particle species is suspended by a slurry made up of fluid and larger particles has been investigated as there appear to be no previous studies on this type of systems. The effect of the presence of the larger solids in the fluidising media is quite evident from the experimental observation, and this effect can be quantified in first approximation by a very simple model based on the assumption that the larger solid restricts the available area for the fluid flow.


Activation of store operated Ca(2+) entry involves stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and calcium channel subunit (Orai1/CRACM1), localized to the plasma membrane. Confocal microscopy shows that thapsigargin-mediated depletion of ER Ca(2+) stores in RBL mast cells causes a redistribution of STIM1, labeled with monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP), to micrometer-scale ER-plasma membrane junctions that contain Orai1/CRACM1, labeled with monomeric Aequorea coerulescens green fluorescent protein (AcGFP). Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we determine that this visualized coredistribution is accompanied by nanoscale interaction of STIM1-mRFP and AcGFP-Orai1/CRACM1. We find that antigen stimulation of immunoglobulin E receptors causes much less Orai1/CRACM1 and STIM1 association, but strong interaction is observed under conditions that prevent refilling of ER stores. Stimulated association monitored by FRET is inhibited by sphingosine derivatives in parallel with inhibition of Ca(2+) influx. Similar structural and functional effects are caused by mutation of acidic residues in the cytoplasmic segment of Orai1/CRACM1, suggesting a role for electrostatic interactions via these residues in the coupling of Orai1/CRACM1 to STIM1. Our results reveal dynamic molecular interactions between STIM1 and Orai1/CRACM1 that depend quantitatively on electrostatic interactions and on the extent of store depletion.


The sedative and physiological effects of intravenous romifidine at 120 micrograms/kg were compared with intravenous romifidine (120 micrograms/kg) followed immediately by intravenous butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg) in 18 clinically normal adult beagles in a blinded randomised change-over study. Following the injection of romifidine alone the dogs became recumbent and there was an increase in a subjective score awarded to the degree of sedation. Heart rate and respiratory rate decreased and minor bradyarrhythmias were noted. The romifidine-butorphanol combination produced a significant decrease in the time to the onset of sedation and increase in the sedative effect and duration of action compared with romifidine alone. With the exception of a further decrease in heart rate and respiratory rate, there were no additional side effects following the use of the romifidine-butorphanol combination. The marked sedative effect associated with this combination would appear to be useful in the clinical situation where an increased degree of sedation is required.


The first section of this article reviews the evidence, both historical and contemporary, documenting the existence and frequency of wrongful convictions. The next dissects an actual case to illustrate how an innocent person can be convicted and why, once the error has been corrected and the conviction is vacated, that person generally has no legal action for damages in the absence of indemnification legislation. The third section argues that society has a moral obhgation to assist the wrongfully convicted; that indemnification legislation is a better approach than reliance on ''moral obligation" bills; and that enacting legislation is possible - just as it was possible to pass victims' compensation laws in every state. The fourth part compares various indemnification statutes to urge that antiquated restrictions be lifted and that potential awards be increased.


Solid – liquid – vapor fluid inclusions in spodumene in rare-element granitic pegmatites commonly contain one or more high-birefringence minerals. Optical examination and laser Raman spectroscopic analyses of over 500 crystal-rich fluid inclusions in spodumene from Bikita and Kamativi, Zimbabwe, and Bernic Lake (Tanco), Manitoba, indicate that the high-birefringence phase is zabuyelite (Li 2 CO 3 ). Laser Raman spectra were also obtained from fluid inclusions in a wafer of spodumene from the Tanco pegmatite reported to contain the type samples of diomignite (Li 2 B 4 O 7 ). In every fluid inclusion, the high-birefringence phase was shown to be zabuyelite; no phase yielding the Raman spectrum of Li 2 B 4 O 7 was observed. Petrographic analysis indicates that the inclusions are secondary in origin and are trapped within healed fractures and cleavage planes. Essentially all fluid inclusions exhibit extensive necking after the crystallization of solid phases. The dominant solid phases are quartz and zabuyelite. Other minerals such as cookeite, calcite, a cesium-rich phase, apatite and several unidentified minerals were found in fewer than 5% of the fluid inclusions examined. An estimate of the bulk composition of the fluid entrapped within spodumene at Tanco was obtained by averaging the contents of several hundred coeval fluid inclusions, and the composition of individual fluid inclusions was determined using laser Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the inclusions in spodumene, like those in the quartz component of SQUI, entrapped a low-salinity ( ca . 7 wt.% NaCl equiv.), alkali-rich, aqueous carbonic fluid. We propose that the solid – liquid – vapor inclusions in spodumene from Tanco, Bikita and Kamativi are the products of a reaction between the low-density aqueous carbonic fluid and the host spodumene during the late stages of pegmatite evolution; therefore, they do not represent the products of a complex borosilicate melt as suggested previously.


Special K is street drug made from the anesthetic ketamine and it is abused by a select group of patients. They are usually young and come from wealthy families and have promising prospects for their lives. But due to various reasons they become drug abusers, and cannot extricate themselves from the drug habit. As a urologist, I thought I would never have contact with this group. However, by chance, I provided care for some of these patients and began to learn more about them. The underlying story with each of them poses an important question for physicians. When a disease has become a social problem, what role should medicine play in it?


The conformational behaviour of Ac-Ala-NHMe was studied in the gas-phase and in solution by theoretical calculations (B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVDZ level) and experimental (1)H NMR. The conformational preferences of this compound were shown to result from a complex interplay between the strengths of possible intramolecular hydrogen bonds, steric interactions, hyperconjugation, entropy effects and the overall dipole moments. The Ac-Ala-N(Me)2 derivative was studied in addition, to design a system akin to Ac-Ala-NHMe, but with disrupted intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the -NHMe group, mimicking the effect of polar protic solvents.


This study analyzes the influence of the minimum wage, investment and government spending on educated employment, trained employment and uneducated and untrained employment in 38 Regencies/Cities of East Java Province in 2008–2013. The research is using quantitative approach, panel data analysis and Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method. The results show that the minimum wage variable has negative significant effect on the educated employment, trained employment and uneducated and untrained employment. Regional investment variable does not significantly affect to the educated employment, trained employment and uneducated and untrained employment. Domestic investment variable has positive significant effect on the trained employment, but does not significantly affect to the educated employment and uneducated and untrained employment. Foreign investment variable does not significantly affect to the educated employment, trained employment and uneducated and untrained employment. And government spending variable has positive significant effect on the educated employment and uneducated and untrained employment, but does not significantly affect to the trained employment.


Bottoming cycles are drawing a real interest in a world where resources are becoming scarcer and the environmental footprint of power plants is becoming more controlled. Reduction of flue gas temperature, power generation boost without burning more fuel and even production of heat for cogeneration applications are very attractive and it becomes necessary to quantify how much can really be extracted from a simple cycle to be converted to a combined configuration.As supercritical CO2 is becoming an emerging working fluid [2, 3, 5, 7 and 8] due not only to the fact that turbomachines are being designed significantly more compact, but also because of the fluid's high thermal efficiency in cycles, it raises an increased interest in its various applications. Evaluating the option of combined gas and supercritical CO2 cycles for different gas turbine sizes, gas turbine exhaust gas temperatures and configurations of bottoming cycle type becomes an essential step toward creating guidelines for the question, "how much more can I get with what I have?".Using conceptual design tools for the cycle system generates fast and reliable results to draw this type of conclusion. This paper presents both the qualitative and quantitative advantages of combined cycles for scalability using machines ranging from small to several hundred MW gas turbines to determine which configurations of S-CO2 bottoming cycles are best for pure electricity production.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


"The Methods of Golf's Masters" is the comprehensive and invaluable study of the swings and personalities of the game's greatest champions. This enduring classic of golf literature provides timeless analysis and entertaining biographical information on: Harry VardonSam SneadGary PlayerGene SarazenBen HoganJack NicklausBobby JonesArnold PalmerTom Watsonand eight other all-time greatsIn discussing these champions' distinctive techniques, as well as their short-comings and methods of correcting them, the authors reveal the golfing secrets that will make any player better. Enhanced with more than 300 photographs of the swings of these masters, this volume has earned its place on the shelf of golfing literature's best.


Introduction: REGN1979 is a CD20xCD3 bispecific antibody (Ab) based on an IgG4 isotype modified to reduce Fc binding. It is designed to bind T cells (via CD3) and CD20-expressing cells and is being evaluated for the treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies. Binding of the Ab to both targets results in specific, local T-cell activation and cytotoxicity, and this mechanism of action is distinct from that of current anti-CD20 Abs. Updated findings are presented for this open-label, multi-center, dose escalation Phase 1 trial of REGN1979 in patients (pts) with B-NHL. Methods:This study uses a 3+3 design to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and clinical activity of REGN1979 in dose escalation cohorts. Pts must have progressed on or after at least 1 prior line of therapy and must have received at least 1 CD20-directed therapy. Based on the initial PK data, the regimen was revised to 12 weekly doses followed by maintenance q2w dosing for 12 doses.Tolerability is determined using pre-specified dose limiting toxicity criteria; responses are assessed by Cheson 2007 and Lugano 2014 criteria for metabolic response. Results: 38 pts with B-NHL comprising DLBCL (22), FL (11), MCL (3), and MZL (2) subtypes were treated with REGN1979. Pts had a median of 3 (range 1-6) prior regimens. Pts were treated at doses ranging from 0.03 to 7.0 mg REGN1979. At the time of data cut-off, 10 B-NHL pts were on treatment, 6 pts completed treatment, and 22 pts discontinued therapy (the majority [17] due to progressive disease). The median number of doses received was 5 (range 1-21). There were no DLTs. In patients with B-NHL, the most common treatment-related adverse events (TR-AEs) were pyrexia (66%), chills (50%), cytokine release syndrome (CRS) (42%), fatigue (26%), hypotension (23%), and infusion-related reaction (IRR) (21%). The most common grade ≥3 TR-AEs were CRS, IRR, hypotension, anemia, AST increased, hypophosphatemia, and dyspnea (each 5.3%). Five pts died due to their disease while on treatment or within 30 days of discontinuation; one had grade 5 multi-organ failure deemed unrelated to study treatment. Three pts discontinued REGN1979 due to Gr3 hemolysis, Gr3 fatigue, or Gr3 bilateral lower extremity leg pain. IRR and CRS events were most commonly reported with the initial infusions of REGN1979. Notably, modifications to pre-medications and drug administration instructions decreased the incidence and severity of IRR/CRS. At REGN1979 doses of 5-7 mg (11 pts), 5 patients achieved a PR (Fig 1). Overall, 10 pts had a best response of PR by Cheson criteria (median duration of response 80 days), and these were distributed among those with FL (4 pts), DLBCL (4 pts), MZL (1 pt), and MCL (1 pt). 12 pts had a best response of SD that was durable (median duration of 287 days). In all cohorts using Lugano criteria, 2 pts had a complete metabolic response, and 7 pts had a partial metabolic response, with a median duration of response of 209 days. After observing rapid clearance, the dosing regimen was changed, and trough REGN1979 concentrations in serum became measurable during qw and q2w dosing and in higher dose groups. Ctrough levels of 350 mcg/L were noted in the 7 mg cohort, close to the level observed after a 0.1 mg/kg single dose in a murine tumor model. In this animal model, tumor control was observed after a 0.4 mg/kg single dose at exposures that were 2-fold (Cmax, Cav and AUC) to 4-fold (Ctrough) higher than those observed in the 7 mg cohort in patients; therefore further dose escalation continues. PD/Cytokines: An interim analysis of cytokine levels (n= 35 pts) indicates REGN1979 induces cytokine release with a trend towards dose response, as expected based on mechanism of action. An increase in IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and to lesser extent IFNγ and IL-2 was observed. The occurrence of cytokine response was associated with symptomatic IRR/CRS. Conclusion: At the doses evaluated, REGN1979 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in pts with B-NHL; most TR-AEs comprised IRR/CRS and were well managed with supportive care. No clinically significant neurological toxicity was observed. At dose levels of 5-7 mg REGN1979, and with a revised dosing schedule that allows for measurable Ctrough levels, the preliminary ORR in B-NHL is 45% in a diverse range of B-NHL subtypes. Dose escalation continues towards drug exposure levels commensurate with optimal tumor control in a murine lymphoma model. Disclosures Advani: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Regeneron: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy; Infinity: Research Funding; Sutro: Consultancy; Nanostring: Consultancy; Agensys: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy; Janssen: Research Funding; Cell Medica: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; FortySeven: Research Funding; Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Kura: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Spectrum: Consultancy. Brown: Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas Pharma: Consultancy; Roche/Genentech: Consultancy; Redx: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sun BioPharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Infinity Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Janssen Oncology: Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy. Arnason: Regeneron: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ansell: Merck: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Celldex: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding. O9Brien: Vaniam Group LLC: Consultancy; Aptose Biosciences, Inc.: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Other: Research Support: Honorarium, Research Funding; Acerta: Other: Research Support: Honorarium, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Sunesis: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy; GSK: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; CLL Global Research Foundation: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astellas: Consultancy; Regeneron: Other: Research Support: Honorarium, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: Research Support: Honorarium, Research Funding; Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Consultancy, Other: Research Support: Honorarium, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy; ProNAI: Other: Research Support: Honorarium, Research Funding. Chavez: Incyte: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Speakers Bureau; Kite: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau. Adriaens: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Ufkin: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kostic: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Paccaly: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Equity Ownership. Gao: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lowy: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sternberg: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership. Topp: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Macrogenics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Regeneron: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: Travel.


Dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is making a very significant contribution to the total food supply as milk producer in some Asian countries like India and Pakistan. There are a number of diseases which adversely affect the health of this dairy animal. Of these, mastitis is the major production-limiting disease causing staggering economic losses to the dairy industry. Current therapies of clinical mastitis during lactation are not very successful and have poor cure rates. It is imperative to find ways to improve the cure rates of mastitis. This book discuss new strategies to treat sub- clinical and clinical bubaline (dairy buffalo) mastitis.


Purpose

– To provide a descriptive case study showing how the construction of drawings as visual metaphors can help work groups "give voice" to their emotional reactions to organizational change events, and provide groups with a vehicle for interpreting and framing their experience of organizational change.

Design/methodology/approach

– A seven‐person focus was asked to construct a drawing that would serve as a visual metaphor for conveying the group's reaction to ongoing organizational changes within their company. Following this construction, the group engaged in a self‐interpretation of their metaphor.

Findings

– The work group's feelings regarding organizational change were encapsulated in visual metaphor of "dark tower"; a metaphor of which revealed that team members shared several strong, negative emotions regarding the organizational change event. A review of how the group's changes in metaphor construction evolved over three successive drawings showed how certain elements of the metaphor came to play a central role in the team's emotional expression of organizational change events.

Research limitations/implications

– This case study did not attempt to provide a comparative review of metaphor constructions across work groups, nor did it include the use of other research methods, such as structured interviews, to confirm these findings.

Practical implications

– This study illustrates how the construction of visual metaphors can be used to help researchers gain a more in‐depth understanding of the subjective, felt experience of groups during organizational change events.

Originality/value

– The group's reflections on how their successive drawings changed over the course of the construction of their metaphor sheds light on how "visual narratives" take form over time.


Summary Modern and sustainable production of safe and healthy high quality vegetables for human consumption is nowadays the goal of many producers. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has become an important crop used as food in many countries over the past decade. In this work fi eld and glasshouse trials were conducted to compare phenolic profi les of hydroponically forced leaves and leaves produced as common agronomic practice of fi ve chicory cultivars. Total phenolic content of hydroponically forced samples ranged from 60 to 140 mg/100 g fresh weight, and those of unforced grown leaves varied between 117 and 386 mg/100 g fresh weight. Red cultivar 'Treviso' shows the highest phenolic content for both, unforced and forced leaves extracts. In the unforced leaves a total of 33 and in those of forced a total of 44 compounds (peaks) were used for the discrimination study.


HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS USING PROTEOMIC ANALYSES by MALINI KRISHNAMOORTHY (Under the Direction of MICHAEL J. ADANG) ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are specifically toxic to larvae in the taxa Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera. Heliothis virescens, commonly known as the tobacco budworm, is the major crop pest controlled by Bt cotton. In the past, brush border membrane vesicles of insects have been researched to identify toxin-binding proteins because of their significance in eliciting resistance to toxins. However several of the components are still unknown because of inadequate resolution of such complex samples on a single dimension polyacrylamide gel. In this study, we identify novel Cry1Ac binding proteins by the use of two-dimensional gel resolution. A subproteome of glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored proteins was analyzed because several known Cry1Ac binding proteins are GPI anchored. Peptide mass fingerprints generated from the spots of interest were searched in protein databases. Alkaline phosphatase and V-ATPase subunits A and B were identified as novel Cry1Ac binding proteins, the former is GPI anchored, while the latter are not.


A series of m-carborane-based π-conjugated polymers were successfully synthesized via Sonogashira−Hagihara polycondensation reaction. Diiodo-m-carborane monomer underwent efficient polycondensation reaction with both electron-donating and electron-accepting diyne comonomers. The wide-angle structure of m-carborane monomer allowed the preparation of polymers with high molecular weights (Mn = 26 600−36 400 g mol−1) and good polymerization degrees (DP = 31−56). UV−vis absorption study in dilute CHCl3 solution revealed π-conjugation extension of a p-phenylene−ethynylene segment by introducing m-carborane moieties into the polymer backbone. Further, the lack of C−C bond in the carborane cluster leads to polymers exhibiting intense blue emission in solution state (ΦF = 0.11−0.26).


Summary form only given, as follows. Decision analysis is the process of making an optimal decision (classification) based on extracted features as an input. Although an important task in supervised statistical pattern recognition, decision analysis is often the speed bottleneck of such a system. Most of the work on real-time pattern recognition was done in the area of feature extraction, and very little was done in the area of decision analysis. The design of a real-time decision analyzer that can operate at image sensor speeds is presented. The real-time performance is achieved by selecting a class of classifiers that is amenable to VLSI implementation and has considerable discriminatory power. A flexible system architecture for the decision analyzer is proposed. It can be tailored to particular user specifications and is based on a two-chip set as a building block. An application of the design to a low-level image segmentation system, called LISA, which is currently being built, is also reported.<<ETX>>


It is very important for the old people, who need some assistance, to improve living conditions. They will be able to live their dear old houses by improving houses. However, some of them have a lot of troubles and not to do house improvement. Therefore the consultants for house improvement support by calling for their houses. This study aims to clarify the problems and troubles that handicapped old peoples and their families improve houses by long-term care insurance. The contents and consultation were analyzed. It is most important that to be constructed cooperation support system for the house improvement.


Molds in wet and warm environments often attack surfaces of products made from beech and other less or moderately durable woods. This paper presents the effects of the physical modification of beech wood with a CO2 laser having a constant power output of 45 W, using eight radiation doses from 7.8 to 75 J/cm2. Variations in laser activations created a scale of color changes in surfaces of beech wood determined in the CIE L*a*b* system, ranging from an apparently unaffected to totally dark due to carbonization effects. The surfaces of beech samples modified by laser were subsequently infected with the molds Aspergillus niger and Penicillium brevicompactum, and their growth on the top surfaces of beech samples was evaluated according to the standard STN 49 0604 (1980). The modified surfaces of beech wood exposed to higher CO2 laser powerful effects (i.e., radiation doses 25 J/cm2 and more) obtained evidently higher resistance to Aspergillus niger, but their resistance to Penicillium brevicompactum changed only minimally.


Recent studies suggested a general behavioral engineering approach to behavioral disorders by portable operant treatment instruments. The approach was applied to the problem of poor posture, specifically rounding of the back or slouching. An apparatus was developed that provided a warning stimulus followed by an aversive tone for the duration of slouching. Slouching was thereby punished by onset of the tone, and non-slouching was reinforced by tone termination and postponement. Twenty-five adults wore the apparatus during their normal working day during alternate periods in which the aversive tone was connected and disconnected experimentally. A miniature time-meter recorded the duration of slouching. The results showed that slouching decreased for each subject during each period in which slouching produced the aversive tone. For two subjects, a second control procedure was applied in which slouching terminated the tone. The result was an increase of slouching, demonstrating that the postural changes were controlled by the scheduled relation between the aversive tone and the response, and not by other factors such as simple response feedback. The substantial changes in posture indicate that the present procedure may prove to be an effective treatment alternative and suggests the general value of the behavioral engineering approach.


The current technological age is demanding reliable and cost-effective personal authentication systems for a wide range of daily use applications such as access control, electronic commerce, ID verification... where security and confidentiality performance of the information is needed. Biometrics-based authentication techniques (e.g. face, iris, fingerprint recognition...) in conjunction with embedded systems technologies bring a challenging solution to this need. This paper describes the hardware-software co-design of a computational platform responsible for matching two fingerprint minutiae sets. A novel system concept is suggested by making use of reconfigurable architectures


The computing landscape has shifted towards multicore architectures. To learn about software development, it is increasingly important for students to gain hands-on parallel programming experience in multicore environments. This experience will be significantly different from programming for uniprocessors, because it involves a profound understanding of how to write software that is (1) free of concurrency bugs and (2) able to effectively utilize the underlying parallel hardware architecture. We present our work at Yonsei University and The University of Sydney to teach parallel programming to first and second-year undergraduate students. Our objective is to introduce parallelism early on in the curriculum, to instill it as a first principle of computation. We introduce a series of five parallel programming course modules suitable for a one semester introductory programming course. Each module teaches one fundamental concept of parallel programming: parallelism and execution indeterminism, thread-and-lock based programming, performance of parallel programs, hardware acceleration using OpenCL, and stream-parallel programming with StreamIt. We report our experience from four course offerings (2008-2011) at Yonsei University, and two course offerings at The University of Sydney. Over 73% of students surveyed enjoyed this multicore programming experience and preferred exposure to parallelism at this early stage of their CS education. Our course has been awarded an Intel microgrant for "Parallelism in the Classroom", and it is available online at Intel's Multicore Curriculum Initiative Website.


We derive quantitative predictions of the optical and X-ray luminosity functions for quasars in the redshift range z ≲ 3. Based on accreting black holes as primary sources for the quasar outputs, we investigate how the accretion is controlled by the surrounding structures, as these grow hierarchically from the formation of the host galaxies to their assemblage into poor and eventually into rich groups. We argue that for z < 3 efficient black hole fueling is triggered by the encounters of a gas-rich host with its companions in a group; these destabilize the gas and induce accretion, giving rise to the following features. The dispersion of the dynamical parameters in the encounters produces luminosity functions with the shape of a double power law. Strong luminosity evolution is produced as these encounters deplete the gas supply in the host; an additional, milder density evolution obtains, since the interactions become progressively rarer as the groups grow richer but less dense. We carry out these arguments to derive a specific model for the evolving luminosity functions. From the agreement with the optical and the X-ray data, we conclude that the evolution of the bright quasars is driven by the development of cosmic structures in two ways. Earlier than z ~ 3 the gas-rich protogalaxies grow by merging, which also induces parallel growth of central holes accreting at their full Eddington rates. In the later era of group assemblage the host encounters with companions drive onto already existing holes further but meager accretion; these events consume the gas reservoirs in the hosts, while they cause supply-limited emissions that are intermittent, go progressively sub-Eddington, and peter out. Then other fueling processes occurring in the field come to the foreground; we specifically discuss the faint emissions, especially noticeable in X-rays, which are expected when hosts in the field cannibalize satellite galaxies with their scant gaseous contents.


We use a partial-equilibrium multi-market international model to analyze trade and agricultural policies affecting peanut/groundnut products markets. The model covers four goods (food and crush quality groundnuts, groundnut oil and cake) in 13 countries/regions including a large set of developing countries (Argentina, China, the Gambia, India, Malawi, Mexico, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa). Welfare is evaluated by looking at the consumer's equivalent variation, quasi-profits in farming (groundnut farming, livestock), quasi-profit in crushing, and taxpayers' revenues and outlays implied by distortions. We calibrate the model on recent historical data. We analyze several groundnut trade liberalization scenarios. The impact of the reforms is measured in deviation from the recent historical baseline. Trade liberalization in groundnut markets has a strong South-South dimension opposing two large developing countries (India and China) to smaller developing countries mainly located in Africa. Current Chinese and Indian policies substantially depress the world prices of edible groundnuts, groundnut oil and groundnut meal. Following the removal of these distortions, African exporters present in these world markets would gain because they are net sellers of the cash crops. Consumers in China and India would be better off as well with lower consumer prices resulting from the removal of high tariffs more than offsetting the higher world prices of groundnut oil. The cost of adjustment would fall on farmers in India and China who would have to shift to other crops or activities. Crushing in India would also decrease because crushing margins would deteriorate. Net buyers of groundnut products in OECD countries will be worse off. We draw implications for Doha negotiations.


Abstract In vegetation science including phytosociology, visual estimates of plant cover and point method belong to the common field method to record species composition and their abundance. Two methods were compared: Braun-Blanquet scale and point method using Levy bridge. A group of students performed measurements in five plots belonged to an oak-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum. It was revealed that there is a very high discrepancy in a observed number of species. Total mean numbers obtained are 13.4 and 31.2 for point method and Braun-Blanquet method respectively. However, there is the significant positive and medium correlation between two methods in terms of estimation of abundance of species. It can be concluded that point-method is not suitable for study of forest floor vegetation. It can be merged with other methods. Due to many repetitive measures, it can be helpful in learning of recognition of species.


Objective: The purpose of th is article was to evaluate the impact of a room interdisciplinary health behavior intervention in diet y physical activity among children in grade 4. Study design: A cuasi-esperimental field trial, with a 1 intervention conducted from February 15 through May 31. Subjects: 27 boys y 32 girls with a 9.2 age mean, took part in the study. The intervention, taught by regular teacher, computer teacher, family education teacher y by the coordinator of the intervention the physical education teacher, provided the experimental group a nutrition y physical education health program called "From playing to health. Results: Children in the intervention group had a significantly greater health knowledge, y a selfreported physical activity (P<.05) Besides, they showed an improvement in fruit y vegetables intake (P<.01). Also, the girls from the intervention group had a significant change in the scale of the transtheoretical model of physical activity. Conclusions: This classroom-based program, improved children s physical time dedicated to physical activity y nutrition intake of fruit y vegetables; it is practical y fairly easy to incorporate into school context.. This program can improve health knowledge, attitude of change y habits (nutrition and physical activity).


In recent years there has been an increasing use and diversity in the deployment of new forms of interpretation
in museums. These initiatives designed to reveal aspects of collections; stimulating audience response through
experimental participatory systems, artistic readings and pervasive technologies. These initiatives may also be seen as agents designed to serve museum agendas of widening and extending participation. This paper examines through a
series of selected contrasting examples, how interpretation in a range of forms might be seen to actively arm the museum
visitor to exploit the contained represented cultural currency, inspire wider discourse amongst themselves and others, encouraging creativity through engagement. Examples include, Interactive Worktable and Escritoire, Jason Cleverly/Tim Shear; Dr. Johnson's House, London, UK, 2009; The Toolshed, Cathy Miles, Guildhall Museum. Rochester, UK 2010. This paper will discuss and trace the development of a project scheduled for completion in early 2013. Working with the Foundling Museum, London, silversmith Alex Monroe is examining Foundling tokens; small eclectic objects that form a poignant record of a child's admission to the Hospital. By examining aspects of visitor affordances, and subsequent visitor conduct engendered. The paper reveals evidence of positive mediation of interpretation from curator to artist/designer to visitor. This mediation represents a significant transfer of authorship that may be seen as a mechanism for active wider engagement. This is particularly evident in participatory systems that involve the creation of contributory content and aim to allow meaningful engagement. The relationships between curator, artist/designer and visitor are analysed in terms of
their capacity to empower visitors to create active and flexible discourses with objects, collections, other visitors and the wider public. Affording some tentative conclusions on strategic implications for designers and artists working in this arena.


Non-rigid shape registration is an important issue in computer vision. In this paper we propose a novel global-to-local procedure for aligning non-rigid shapes. The global similarity transformation is obtained based on the corresponding pairs found by matching shape context descriptors. The local deformation is performed within an optimization formulation, in which the bending energy of thin plate spline transformation is incorporated as a regularization term to keep the structure of the model shape preserved under the shape deformation. The optimization procedure drives the initial global registration towards the target shape that results in the one-to-one correspondence between the model and target shape. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach


At high frequencies, the traditional single-/spl pi/ equivalent-circuit model can't accurately describe the electrical performance of silicon-based planar spiral inductors. In this paper, a modified wide-band, scalable double-/spl pi/ equivalent-circuit model is presented with consideration of skin effect, proximity effect, substrate effect, feed-through capacitance, line coupling capacitance. The modeling methodology is applied to various sizes silicon-based planar spiral inductors, and the extracted model shows excellent agreement with the data simulated with the electromagnetic field solver (ADS momentum) over a frequency range of 0.1 to 10GHz. Finally, the scalable double-/spl pi/ equivalent-circuit model is applied in a 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS wide-band mixer design, which shows the flexibility of the simplified model in AC and transient analysis.