Technical performance studies in professional football players need to be carried out intensely. The performance data from junior elite football was very useful for talent identification and further development. However, typical research is still rarely carried out, while previous research has focused on identifying talented players based on anthropometric, physiological, psychological, sociological and technical skills data. In this study, the assessment was no longer carried out from isolated situations but shifts to special assessments in real match situations, so that the results may contribute to talent identification. The purpose of this study was to assess the passing performance of elite junior football players in actual matches by comparing the performance of the Persipura U16 team in 2018 and 2019. The average value of passing, successful passing, and accuracy of passing in the 2018 season was 157, 101, and 66%, while the average value in the 2019 season was 167, 111, and 67%, respectively. Although the value increased slightly, however based on the calculation results there were no significant differences in the passing performance of the Persipura U-16 team in 2018 and 2019 league sessions. The results provide a recommendation that the practice session of passing techniques for junior football players, particularly Persipura U-16, should be carried out more in game situations and not in isolated situations.


We have in our essay compared Folkpartiet liberalernas, Moderata samlingspartiets and Ny Demokratis presented proposal about demanded knowledge in language for immigrants to receive citizenship. The main purpose with the essay was to examine which similarities and differences there was between the three party-political proposals. We found close points of similarity between the proposals. The main difference was Ny Demokratis harsher terms against immigrants. To produce an understanding of why two established party´s like Folkpartiet liberalerna and Moderata samlingspartiet have tabled this kind of proposal we had studied some factors in society which we thought might have influenced this development. Relevant factors in this context proved to be the public opinions negative view on the ruling politics of integration and influences from the surrounding countries attitude toward integration. We have also studied if linguistic researchers attach great importance to knowledge of language in connection with integration. This proved to be a relevant factor for integration of immigrants. In a comparison between linguistic researchers and politics point of view the linguistics puts emphasize on communication in a larger perspective.. To accomplish our essay we used a comparative design, a discourse analysis, literature studies and made an interview.


An automatic method of measuring the shape of plaster replicas of residual limbs has been developed. This instrument enables the full three-dimensional shape to be digitized and stored on computer. The shape modifications produced by student prosthetists are examined by requesting the computer to draw sections of the unmodified replica with corresponding sections following modification superimposed. This paper reports experiences with the use of this instrument as a teaching aid for student prosthetists.


Sodium cloxacillin was used to treat 107 cows affected with acute mastitis and 138 affected with subclinical mastitis. Based on the application of conservative bacteriologic criteria, the cure rate was 53% for acute staphylococci mastitis and 65% for subclinical staphylococci mastitis. The cure rate for Streptococcus agalactiae infections was 91% in acute conditions and 92% in subclinical conditions. The cure rate was 73% for the acute infections and 88% in cases of subclinical infections when Streptococcus spp. "non ag" was the cause. Daily milk production had no effect on response rate. No adverse reactions due to treatment were reported by any investigator.


The rising incidence of stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) has signalled a need to increase awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. There continues to be a need for effective antihypertensive medications since hypertension is a major precursor to various forms of cardiovascular disease. The renin-angiotensin (AT) aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key component to the development of hypertension and can be one target of drug therapy. Angotensin II (ATII) receptor blockers (ARBs) are the most recent class of agents available to treat hypertension, which work by by inhibiting ATII at the receptor level. Currently, national consensus guidelines recommend that ARBs should be reserved for hypertensive patients who cannot tolerate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEIs). ARBs, however, are moving to the forefront of therapy with a promising role in the area of renoprotection and CHF. Recent trials such as the The Renoprotective Effect of the Angiotensin-Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in Patients with Nephropathy Due to Type 2 Diabetes Trial (IDNT), the Effect of Irbesartan on the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (IRMA2), and The Effects of Losartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy (RENAAL) study have demonstrated the renoprotective effects of ARBs in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT) adds to the growing body of evidence that ARBs may improve morbidity and mortality in CHF patients. As a class, ARBs are well tolerated and have a lower incidence of cough and angioedema compared to ACEIs. This article reviews the differences among the ARBs, existing efficacy data in hypertension, and explores the role of ARBs in CHF and renal disease.


The relations between effectiveness, the percentages of uninterpretable results of a test, and the prevalence of the disease are studied in the example of the diagnosis of jaundice. Ten hepatologists and ten hepatobiliary surgeons were interviewed, and nineteen articles were reviewed. Accuracies of ultrasonography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and transhepatic cholangiography, as well as of three strategies combining these tests, were ranked by hepatologists in an order that differed from chance, and by surgeons in an order that did not differ from chance. Analyses of published data, taking into account the percentages of uninterpretable results, showed that for a high prevalence of extrahepatic cholestasis, as in jaundiced patients seen by surgeons, there is no significant difference between the respective effectiveness of each test or strategy. We concluded that effectiveness must take into account the percentages of uninterpretable results and must be expressed as a function of prevalence.


Several planetary formation models have been proposed to explain the observed abundance and variety of compositions of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. In this context, multitransiting systems orbiting low-mass stars whose planets are close to the radius valley are benchmark systems, which help to elucidate which formation model dominates. We report the discovery, validation, and initial characterization of one such system, TOI-2096, composed of a super-Earth and a mini-Neptune hosted by a mid-type M dwarf located 48 pc away. We first characterized the host star by combining different methods. Then, we derived the planetary properties by modeling the photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities. We used archival data, high-resolution imaging, and statistical validation to support our planetary interpretation. We found that TOI-2096 corresponds to a dwarf star of spectral type M4. It harbors a super-Earth (R$\sim1.2 R_{\oplus}$) and a mini-Neptune (R$\sim1.90 R_{\oplus}$) in likely slightly eccentric orbits with orbital periods of 3.12 d and 6.39 d, respectively. These orbital periods are close to the first-order 2:1 mean-motion resonance (MMR), which may lead to measurable transit timing variations (TTVs). We computed the expected TTVs amplitude for each planet and found that they might be measurable with high-precision photometry delivering mid-transit times with accuracies of $\lesssim$2 min. Moreover, measuring the planetary masses via radial velocities (RVs) is also possible. Lastly, we found that these planets are among the best in their class to conduct atmospheric studies using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The properties of this system make it a suitable candidate for further studies, particularly for mass determination using RVs and/or TTVs, decreasing the scarcity of systems that can be used to test planetary formation models around low-mass stars.


What is it to feel homeless? How does it feel to be without the orienting geography of home? Going beyond homelessness as a housing issue, this book uniquely explores the embodied, emotional experiences of homelessness. In doing so, Robinson reveals much about existing gaps in service responses, in community perceptions, and in the ways in which homelessness most often becomes visible as a problem for policy makers. She argues that the emotional dimension of displacement must be central to contemporary practices of researching, understanding, writing, and responding to homelessness. She situates the issue of homelessness at the nexus of important, broader intellectual and methodological developments that take bodily and spatial experience as their starting point. Drawing on field research and interviews, Robinson details the lives of homeless individuals in Sydney, Australia. The moving narratives of these individuals bear witness to the key experiences of corporeal fragmentation, geographical detachment, and social alienation. At the book's core lies a call to legitimize scholarly work that focuses on emotions, particularly trauma, facilitating researchers and policy makers to explore new avenues for evaluating service delivery. Beside One's Self bridges the divide between research that has policy implications and research that makes theoretical contributions.


The isotactic polypropylene is a linear polymer which exhibits low melt strength. Irradiation of PP under inert atmosphere causes a combination of chain scissioning and long-chain branching, and results in a material with significant enhanced melt strength. This process, which is sometimes termed visbreaking, thus provides improvement of rheological properties. HMS-PP (High Melt Strength Polypropylene) was obtained by the irradiation in atmosphere of acetylene as crosslinker agent. It was employed doses of 12.5 and 20 kGy of gamma radiation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of thermal ageing on the crystallinity level and chemical structure of HMS-PP. The thermal stability of the HMS-PP was evaluated after thermal ageing of samples using a stove at temperature of 90 °C, in presence of air at different periods of time. The samples submitted to the thermal ageing were characterized by: thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Since the long-term engineering properties of HMS-PP are intrinsically linked with the polymer microstructure, there is significant interest in understanding the effects of ageing, particularly due to prolonged exposure at service temperatures. In thermo-oxidative conditions, the formation of the oxidation products essentially involves a hydrogen abstraction by the peroxyl radicals, leading to hydroperoxides as primary products and chemical degradation in the immediate crack tips. Oxidative degradation on the network of HMS-PP, created by radiation process of PP, was revealed by the analytical results showing the susceptibility of HMS-PP to thermal oxidative degradation. Yellowing of the samples surface and oxidative products of degradation among other evidences were observed.


The characteristic of sheet metal process is the few loss of material during process, the short processing time and the excellent price and strength. The static implicit finite element method is applied effectively to analyze stamping processes from using AutoForm software. The simulation analysis can be applied to the membrane elements and shell elements. Membrane elements can be applied to good efficiency, but lower than the accuracy of shell elements. Therefore, simple drawing process applies membrane element, and spring-back and analysis of stamping process are judged that it is most efficient that apply shell clement. This study, the simulated results for stamping processes are shown and discussed.


In the article authors present a new edition of computer programme managing active and population cytology screening in the selected group of women in Bialystok. All improvements came out of the slow date base transforming. From the other hand so called "2000 year mistake" was eliminated. In the previous programme single date transfer between only two PC terminals was possible. Additionally way of assignment of particular groups of women to proper out patient rooms districts also by the zip codes were presented. Process of creation of cytology invitations to all women participating in screening examination was accelerate. Increase effectiveness of screening examinations was available as a result of using a new edition of computer programme. Percentage of mistakes and exam expenses were also minimized. Two main cytology screening foundation, its active and population were achieved.


A total of 16 patients with normal atrioventricular conduction were studied by the method of intracardiac electrophysiologic study. Time intervals of the conduction through the atria and the His-Purkinje system did not change during frequent atrial stimulation. The conduction time through the atrioventricular node increased, the periodical block with a location in the very node developing at a stimulation frequency of 181+/-18 beats/min. The duration of functional and effective refractory periods of the atria and the atrioventricular node depended upon heart rate. A complete block of retrograde conduction through the node was revealed in 5 of 13 patients by stimulating their ventricles. A frequency dependence of the conduction through the atrioventricular node and periodic block in relatively low stimulation frequency were observed in the others. The findings determine normal values of the indices studied and make a basis for the identification of anomalous pathways of atrioventricular conduction.


Abstract This paper concentrates information on the flash flood produced during 02-04.06.2016 in the Trotuş River basin. Maximum flows have been analyzed by reference to the thresholds corresponding to the Defense Levels. In order to show in a suggestive way the amplitude of the event, the characteristics of the flood were highlighted as well as a series of morphometric and hydrological data on the maximum flow of the Trotuș River. The hydrometric stations in the basin area, to which reference was made, were: Lunca de Sus, Goioasa, Tg. Ocna, Onești and Vrânceni. The flow series were represented graphically to be able to easily observe the evolution of the flood over time. The analysis showed that the flood produced on the Trotuș River had a great magnitude causing significant damages.


Purpose Topoisomerase-II alpha (TopoIIA ), a DNA gyrase isoform that plays an important role in the cell cycle, is present in normal tissues and various human cancers, and can show altered expression in both. The aim of the current study was to examine the value of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA as a noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). Materials and Methods Two patient cohorts were examined. Cohort 1 (73 BC patients and seven controls) provided bladder tissue samples, whereas cohort 2 (83 BC patients, 54 nonmalignant hematuric patients, and 61 normal controls) provided urine samples. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure expression of TopoIIA mRNA in tissues and TopoIIA cell-free DNA in urine samples. Results The results showed that expression of TopoIIA mRNA in BC tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancer control tissues (p<0.001). The expression of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA in BC patients was also significantly higher than that in noncancer patient controls and hematuria patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). High expression of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA was also detected in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) when compared with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (p=0.002). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to examine the sensitivity/specificity of urinary TopoIIA cell-free DNA for diagnosing BC, NMIBC, and MIBC. The areas under the ROC curve for BC, NMIBC, and MIBC were 0.741, 0.701, and 0.838, respectively. Conclusions In summary, the results of this study provide evidence that cell-free TopoIIA DNA may be a potential biomarker for BC.


This work is an initial attempt to investigate a possible relationship between causal attributions in narrative sections of annual reports and a corporate governance index among companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa), for 2006. As a proxy for corporate governance we use the enhanced governance certification seals attributed by the Bovespa. The results show that selfserving attributions can be found in the annual reports, regardless of corporate governance levels indicated by the Bovespa seals. Evidence of a relationship obtained through the use of sentence counts is not corroborated when the proportion of reports dedicated to causal attributions is used. The possible explanation is connected to report length. The conclusion suggests further research, with inclusion of other variables and use of an extended sample, in order to clarify the issue.


Different explants of Zingiber officinale were in vitro cultured in MS medium containing of various levels and types of growth regulators. The results shows that concentrations of 0.5 mg/l. BA +1.0 mg/l. 2,4-D recorded the highest significant value of callus formation from shoot tip. For callus growth concentrations of (1.0 mg/l. BA + 0.5 mg/l. 2,4-D) and (1.0 mg/l. BA + 1.0 mg/l. 2,4-D) caused the highest significant value of callus growth. On the other hand, the callus produced from previous experiment was supplemented to MS medium containing (1.0 mg/l. BA + 0.5 mg/l. 2,4-D) employed to study the influence of precursors (mevalonic acid, phenylalanine, valine, and leucine) and biotic elicitors (yeast extract and Aspergillus niger) on the callus growth and its ingredient contents. 6-gengerol production (30.0 µg/100 mg F.W.) accumulation was obtained in callus treated with 10 mg/l. of mevalonic acid, followed by that treated with 250 mg/l. yeast extract (10.0 µg/100 mg F.W. of 6-gengerol) while using 250 mg/l. A. niger gave the lowest value of 6-gengerol (6.0 µg/100 mg F.W.).


In this study the mixed oxides ZrO2-SiO2, were synthesized by the sol-gel method with a molar ratio of 95:5 (Si/metal) and characterized by X-ray diffraction, absorption-desorption of N2, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and acidity test by titration. The synthesized materials, which are amorphous to X-rays, are composed of a mixture of micro- and mesopores. They show a higher acid strength than the separate oxides, indicating that the ZrO2 is highly dispersed in the silica matrix.


Objective: To study the effects of peanut peptide on the sport activity and antioxidant capacity of mouse.Method: Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into six group,which were named normal group,peanut peptide group,exercised control group,exercised + peanut peptide in low content,exercised + peanut peptide in middle content,and exercised + peanut peptide in high content.The mouses of exercised groups were obtained swimming training for 4 weeks.At the last day of the experiment,the mice were experienced exhausted swimming bearing load.And then the content of MDA and the activity of SOD,CAT,GSH-Px in the heart tissue were detected with the correponding kit.The enzyme activity of GPT,GOT and CK in serum were assayed with kit,too.Results: The sports activity of mice treated with peanut peptide increased obviously compared with the control.The level of MDA decreased and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(SOD,CAT,GSH-Px) in heart tissue elevated in peanut peptide groups.In the same time,the activity of cardiac marker enzyme in serum decreased obviously in exercised + peanut peptide groups of middle and high content.Conclusion: Peanut peptide might alleviate the cardiac damage induced by strenuous exercise and protect heart through enhancing myocardial antioxidant capacity.


Background: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing highly purified human Choriogonadotrophin (HP-hCG) and recombinant hCG (r-hCG) both administered subcutaneously for triggering ovulation in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). Methods: Multi-centre (n = 4), prospective, controlled, randomized, non-inferiority, parallel group, investigator blind design, including 147 patients. The trial was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov, using the identifier: NCT00335569. The primary endpoint is the number of oocytes retrieved, while the secondary endpoints include embryo implantation, pregnancy and delivery rates as well as safety parameters. Results: The number of retrieved oocytes was not inferior when HP-hCG was used as compared to r-hCG: the mean number was 13.3 (6.8) in HP-hCG and 12.5 (5.8) in the r-hCG group (p = 0.49) with a 95% CI (−1.34, 2.77). Regarding the secondary outcomes, there were also no differences in fertilization rate at 57.3% (467/815) vs. 61.3% (482/787) (p = 0.11), the number of embryos available for transfer and cryopreservation (2PN stage) and implantation, pregnancy and delivery rates. Furthermore, there were no differences in the number and type of adverse events reported. HP-hCG was therefore not inferior to r-hCG. Conclusions: HP-hCG and r-hCG are equally efficient and safe for triggering ovulation in ART and, both being administered subcutaneously, equally practical and well tolerated by patients.


We present a static general equilibrium model of an economy with agents with heterogeneous wealth and endogenous credit constraints created by partial loan recovery rates. Higher loan recovery rates and better bankruptcy protection increase output and credit penetration, while the former raises the average interest rate spread and the latter decreases it. We also study the interaction of credit constraint with differences in wealth distribution across countries. In a closed economy, higher loan recovery rates and better bankruptcy legislation raise the prime interest rate, as well as the interest rate spread. We incorporate a labor market in order to analyze the interaction between increased labor protection and credit restrictions. We find that stronger labor protection leads to lower wages and output. Nevertheless they will be supported by workers in firms with strong balance sheets and opposed by workers and employers in firms with weak balance sheets. JEL Class.: G38, E44, D53.


While reading research often collapses or creates a binary between print and digital reading, this article argues that this approach ignores the overlap between the reading strategies we use when reading both print and digital texts. Using a genre-based approach to digital reading, this article proposes that greater attention to students' reading practices and to the genres (including conventions and contexts) students read will help them become more purposeful readers in our classrooms.


Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting increasing attention in recent years because of their exceptional high efficiency with incredible developments. However, the poor contact between the hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite layer still limits the further development of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for inverted solar cells, particularly for inorganic HTL based devices. Herein, potassium salt (KI, KSCN and KNO3) modified nickel oxides are selected as HTLs to improve the photovoltaic performance of an inverted device. We found that all potassium salts play positive roles in optimizing the photovoltaic parameters. Through the modification of potassium salts, higher charge recombination impedance and strong photoluminescence quenching were achieved, which means retarded carrier nonradiative recombination and quick charge transfer at the interface. Besides, KI modified NiOX could improve the perovskite film coverage and reduce trap densities. Thus, the champion device based on a KI modified NiOX film attained a PCE of 20.10% with an enhanced fill factor of 0.812. The findings demonstrate that potassium doping is an effective route to improve the performance of inverted planar PSCs.


Modern particle accelerators have tight tolerances on the acceptable deviation from their desired machine parameters. The control of the parameters is of crucial importance for safe machine operation and performance. This thesis
focuses on beam-based methods and algorithms to identify and correct errors in particle accelerators. The optics measurements and corrections of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which resulted in an unprecedented low β-beat for
a hadron collider is described. The transverse coupling is another parameter which is of importance to control. Improvement in the reconstruction of the coupling from turn-by-turn data has resulted in a significant decrease of the measurement uncertainty. An automatic coupling correction method, which is based on the injected beam oscillations, has been successfully used in normal operation of the LHC. Furthermore, a new method to measure and correct chromatic coupling that was applied to the LHC, is described. It resulted in a decrease of the chromatic coupling by a factor ∼2 for both beams. The good control of the optics is a significant part of the success of the LHC and hence contributed to the discovery of the Higgs particle.

Following the discovery of the Higgs particle there is a demand for precise measurements of its properties in a lepton collider. Compact Linear Collider
(CLIC), an electron-positron collider aiming at collision energies up to 3 TeV, is one of the leading candidates. The acceleration in CLIC relies on a two-beam acceleration scheme where one of the beams, referred to as the Drive
Beam, is decelerated while transferring its energy to the Main Beam. This scheme puts tight constraints on the parameters of the Drive Beam in terms of beam current, phase and bunch length. In CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) the
mechanisms behind the observed drifts of these parameters have been studied in detail. The findings have shown that these drifts are mainly linked to variations in the amplitude of the Radio Frequency (RF). A feedback to mitigate the RF-amplitude fluctuations has been implemented and is described in detail. In conjunction with a dedicated energy feedback it reduces the energy variation by a factor ∼3. Together with precise machine tuning this has resulted in a beam current stability very close to the CLIC requirement. The beam phase stability is improved through a feedback operating on the two first klystrons in the CTF3 injector. Two-beam acceleration at the nominal CLIC gradient of 100 MV/m and above has been demonstrated in CTF3. These results, and other recent achievements in CTF3, are presented in this thesis.


The public affairs/government relations (PA/GR) function appears to be growing in importance in large corporations. A survey of the 500 largest U.S. industrial concerns was undertaken to ascertain their views and practices with regard to the PA/GR function. 130 of the 163 firms responding to the survey have a formalized PA/GR function in place. Survey data supports the idea that top corporate decision makers are allocating significant staff and decision making authority to the PA/GR function and that this activity differs significantly from the traditional lobbying and public affairs activities of the past.


This survey covers virtually every aspect of childhood and every type of book, toy, game and diversion. Over a period of 40 years, Iona and Peter Opie assembled a collection of 20,000 rare children's books, comics and other printed material. The Opie's also have a substantial collection of toys and games, most of them in mint condition and often still in their original packaging. Text on the early children's books, the classic Victorian illustrated books and the magazines and comics is provided by Brian Alderson, while Peter Opie's widow, Iona, and their son, Robert, examine the non-book items via themes. Iona Opie, together with her late husband, has published such books on children's literature as "The Oxford Dictionary of Nursey Rhymes" and "The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren".


OBJECTIVE
To discuss the expression and the significance of Jab1 p27kip1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and Hep-2 cells.

METHOD
Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expressions of Jab1 and p27kip1 proteins in 50 cases laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and 10 cases normal laryngeal tissues adjacent to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Hep-2 cells were transfected with synthetic Jab1 siRNA by Lipofectamine 2000. RT-PCR method was adopted to examine the mRNA expression of the Jab1 and p27kip1 gene in Hep-2 cells which was treated with Jab1 siRNA II.

RESULT
Clearly brown staining restricted to nucleus was considered as positive expression of Jab1 and p27kip1 protein. The expression rate of Jab1 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of normal laryngeal mucosa, and the expression rate of protein p27kip1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that of normal laryngeal mucosa. There was a negative relationship between Jab1 and p27kip1 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of Jab1 mRNA was suppressed markedly after transfected by Jab1 siRNA II. As the reaction time increased, the expression of Jab1 mRNA of Hep-2 cells decreased significantly, and the expression of p27kip1 mRNA remained unchanged.

CONCLUSION
The expression rate of Jab1 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is significantly higher than that of normal laryngeal mucosa. There is a negative relationship between Jab1 and p27kiPl protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. After transfected by Jab1 siRNA II in the Hep-2 cells, the expression of Jab1 mRNA is suppressed markedly. Jab1 siRNA would be a good methodology for the further study.


We present the results of a search for the reactivation of active asteroid 176P/LINEAR during its 2011 perihelion passage using deep optical observations obtained before, during, and after that perihelion passage. Deep composite images of 176P constructed from data obtained between 2011 June and 2011 December show no visible signs of activity, while photometric measurements of the object during this period also show no significant brightness enhancements similar to that observed for 176P between 2005 November and 2005 December when it was previously observed to be active. An azimuthal search for dust emission likewise reveals no evidence for directed emission (i.e., a tail, as was previously observed for 176P), while a one-dimensional surface brightness profile analysis shows no indication of a spherically symmetric coma at any time in 2011. We conclude that 176P did not in fact exhibit activity in 2011, at least not on the level on which it exhibited activity in 2005, and suggest that this could be due to the devolatization or mantling of the active site responsible for its activity in 2005.


The Gonjo basin consists of a long and narrow belt of lower Tertiary sedimentary rocks that record tectonic and environmental conditions during the early stages of India-Asia collision. The basin fill is dominated by continental sediments reflecting predominantly alluvial fan, fan-delta, floodplain, and lacustrine deposition. Growth stratal relations indicate that accommodation was created along with the onset of compressional deformation and the generation of structural relief associated with fault-propagation folds. Sediments were derived from proximal locations and deposited into a synclinal trough between bounding antiformal culminations. Deformation outlasted sedimentation, and the Gonjo basin sediments are now part of footwall synclines to bounding reverse faults that broke through the original bounding folds. The preservation of basin-margin facies suggests that the present exposure of Tertiary sediments broadly corresponds with the original extent of the basin. Shortening of the basin is limited, but the throw on the bounding faults increases from south to north, with perhaps as much as 4 km of throw on bounding reverse faults in the northern part of the basin. Beyond the basin, at least some, if not most, of the regional shortening occurred in Mesozoic time and thus likely predated India-Asia collision. Estimates of shortening unequivocally related to continental collision are hampered by the difficulty of distinguishing late Mesozoic from early Cenozoic deformation: only locally are the two deformations not coaxial. Strike-slip faulting postdates sedimentation, and is not associated with the creation of accommodation space in this basin. Strike-slip deformation consisted of distributed left-lateral faults where the uppermost rocks of the basin are shallowly detached, as well as a few prominent left- lateral faults, including one on strike with the active left-lateral Litang fault. Limited early Cenozoic shortening in eastern Tibet suggests that upper crustal deformation made only a minor contribution to the almost doubling of crustal thicknesses in this region.


Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumor in men. Significant advances have been made in the early detection and treatment of localized PCa, but metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) remains one of the most challenging problems to treat in oncology. To improve treatment outcomes for patients at this stage of the disease, it is necessary to develop personalized therapy options based on the definition of biological predictors. In mCRPC, mutations in DNA repair genes are detected in ~23 % of patients with mCRPC. Detection of these mutations in patients with PCa has important clinical relevance. PCa with mutations in DNA repair genes may be sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Several studies II and III phase have demonstrated the effectiveness of PARP inhibitors with a high objective response rate in the treatment of mCRPC in patients with mutations in the DNA repair genes, which is definitely a more personalized approach to treatment. Identification of hereditary mutations in DNA repair genes is an important prognostic factor for the proband's relatives (for both men and women), which can later be used for genetic counseling of patients and the application of strategies to reduce the risk of malignant diseases.


ABSTRACT Kawabata Yasunari (1899–1972) held a deep interest in modern spiritualism and applied his knowledge of it to his literary process in diverse ways. Spiritualism was widely employed as metaphor and narrative methodology in twentieth-century literary modernism, and Kawabata stood out among his peers for his prolific use of it. It has typically been assumed that Kawabata distanced himself from modernism after World War II, enacting a complete return to 'Japanese tradition'. Yet modernist and spiritualist connections can still be observed in his writing during that period. This paper looks at the connections between postwar Kawabata and contemporary modernism, focusing in particular on a close reading of the short story 'Mugon' [Silence] (1953). The story is framed by an episode involving a haunted tunnel and depicts a series of events as a novelist visits an elderly writer who has fallen mute due to illness. Kawabata uses stream-of-consciousness narration to present radical ideas about literary composition and the relationship between language and reality and subverts common-wisdom understandings of language and literature. I conclude that the composition of 'Mugon' demonstrates clear continuity between Kawabata's pre- and postwar writings.


At a time when the downscaling of technology makes it increasingly difficult to meet the ESD specifications, new and evermore challenging applications make the job of the ESD engineer even more complex; many traditional solutions are rejected because they introduce too much capacitance, noise, etc. The goal of this workshop is to increase the awareness and insight of the ESD designers by discussing the most important figures of merit for both the ESD devices as well as the full ESD strategy, focusing on the protection of high speed interfaces. Both design and layout aspects will be discussed, comparing different protection techniques. We will compare all these trade-offs to figure out what are the remaining options in the shrinking tool box of the ESD engineer.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

CYC3, an Aurora Kinase A specific inhibitor, suppresses the pancreatic cancer cell growth (72h GI50 2.4μM in MiaPaCa-2 cells and 1.95μM in Panc-1 cells), arrest the cells at M phase and induces apoptosis. In order to evaluate CYC3's clinical potential, we employed mathematical models and simulations to look for possible synergistic combinations of CYC3 with paclitaxel in MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells. We have identified low concentrations of paclitaxel (3nM) and CYC3 is synergistic in inhibiting pancreatic cell growth, achieving similar effects as high concentrations of paclitaxel (30nM). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis shows that CYC3 does not alter the cellular uptake of paclitaxel, supporting a synergistic mechanism at molecular level. In addition, the combination of CYC3 with low concentration of paclitaxel (3nM) displays less myelotoxicity compared to high concentrations of paclitaxel (30nM) in colony formation assay using Colony Forming Unit of Granulocyte and Macrophage (CFU-GM) (60-70% vs 100% inhibition), suggesting a potentially safer but equally efficient application of paclitaxel in patients.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1924. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1924


Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of the pencil beam algorithm's (PBA) and pencil beam redefinition algorithm's (PBRA) calculated electron conformal therapy (ECT) dose distributions by comparing with phantom measured dose distributions. Method: The planning target volumes (PTV) from a parotid and a chest wall patient were modified to fit the CTimage set of a cylindrical polystyrene phantom. A bolus ECT plan for both PTV sets was developed using .decimal p.d software to design a custom bolus, with the distal bolus surface fitting to the phantom and the proximal bolus surface conforming the 90% isodose surface to the distal PTV edge. PBA and PBRA dose distributions were calculated using the Pinnacle treatment planning system and in‐house software, respectively. In‐phantom film measurements were taken for each plan in five transverse slices and one sagittal slice. Accuracy of both the PBA and PBRA calculations was tested by comparing the measured 2D film data to corresponding planar dose files from both the PBA and PBRA treatment plans, respectively. Passing criteria of 5% dose difference or 2mm distance to agreement were applied to each pixel (0.5mm pixel size) to quantify the accuracy of each dose calculation. Results: Comparison between measured and PBA calculated pixels for the post‐mastectomy chest wall and parotid cases for all 6 measured planes resulted in 93.3% and 95.3% pass rates, respectively. Using the same criteria, the PBRA had pass rates of 96.6% and 95.6%, respectively. In a phantom with no heterogeneities, the PBA and PBRA are both expected to have excellent agreement. Conclusions: The PBA and PBRA produced highly accurate calculations for bolus ECT dose distributions. As expected, the PBRA is slightly more accurate than the PBA, however this difference may not have any clinical significance unless significant heterogeneities are present, currently under study. Support: This work was supported in part by a research grant from .decimal, Inc.


Centrosomal protein FOR20 has been reported to be crucial for essential cellular processes, including ciliogenesis, cell migration, and cell cycle in vertebrates. However, the function of FOR20 during mammalian embryonic development remains unknown. To investigate the in vivo function of the For20 gene in mammals, we generated For20 homozygous knockout mice by gene targeting. Our data reveal that homozygous knockout of For20 results in significant embryonic growth arrest and lethality during gestation, while the heterozygotes show no obvious defects. The absence of For20 leads to impaired left‐right patterning of embryos and reduced cilia in the embryonic node. Deletion of For20 also disrupts angiogenesis in yolk sacs and embryos. These results highlight a critical role of For20 in early mammalian embryogenesis.


We study the quantum discord dynamics of a bipartite composite system in the presence of a dissipative environment and investigate the effect of the interaction between the two subsystems. The results show that the interaction can influence the sudden transition between the quantum correlation and the classical correlation and for the maximally mixed marginals initial states, the sudden transition regime will always exist. The entanglements are also discussed in comparison to the quantum discord in describing the quantum correlations.


Essays on Exchange Rates and Term Structures Byunghoon Nam Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Associate Professor Yu-chin Chen Department of Economics The overall theme of this dissertation is the explanation of the relationship between the exchange rates and the term structures of assets. Chapter 1, "Theoretical Exposition of Exchange Rate and Term Structures,"develop a theoretical framework that links the term structures of assets to the exchange rate. After setting up the net present value (NPV) representation of the exchange rate in terms of stochastic discount factors (SDF) under noarbitrage conditions, it describes how the current and expected future economic variables are incorporated into the exchange rate by referring to three major asset pricing approaches. Then, the term structures of two asset classes – sovereign credit default swap (CDS) and yield curves – are proposed to measure the market's expectations and perception of risk in driving the exchange rate dynamics. Chapter 2, "Currency returns, Credit Risk and its Proximity: Evidence from Sovereign Credit Default Swap", examines whether credit risk and its proximity are priced in currency returns by making use of information in the term structure of sovereign CDS. Building upon and modifying a CDS pricing model, I construct two risk measures explaining different aspects of risk perception: (i) "risk level", measured by the level of the CDS curve, represents whether the expected loss given credit events is high or low, and (ii) "risk proximity", measured by the slope of the CDS curve, captures how soon a specific credit event is likely to be materialized. Combined with the NPV representation of exchange rate, I set up a model where the exchange rate is determined by credit risk level and proximity. Using a broad data set between 2004 and 2017 for twenty countries, I show that risk level and proximity individually can explain a considerable amount of variation in currency returns and two risk measures together improve the predictive ability over a single CDS spread. Comparing the two, risk level broadly plays a stronger role during normal times, while risk proximity gains significance when financial crisis nears. These findings suggest that not only the credit risk level but also its proximity should be considered to assess the market's perception of risk driving currency movements. Chapter 3, "Global Financial Crisis and the Exchange Rate – Yield Curve Connection", examines how the recent crisis and associated policy responses affect the relationship between market expectations, risk, and macro-fundamentals in driving exchange rate dynamics. To construct measures for expected macroeconomic conditions and perceived risk over future horizons, we decompose information in the term structure of interest rates across countries using several well-established yield-curve models. Data for eight major country pairs from 1995 to 2016 shows strong evidence that both expectations and risk premiums can explain subsequent exchange rate changes, with signs broadly consistent with theoretical predictions. We also observe clear structural changes, likely induced by unconventional monetary policy and the markets changing risk attitude since 2008. Specifically, while expectations play a consistent role over the full sample period, risk premiums pick up their significance mostly after the crisis. Taylor-rule macro-fundamentals at first provide littleto-no marginal explanatory power for currency movements over the yield-curve components, but do become important during the zero-lower-bound period. These findings suggest a joint macro-finance approach to modeling yield curve, macro fundamentals, and exchange rates, to better encapsulate changing market conditions and policy responses. This chapter is based on co-authored work with Yu-chin Chen and Kwok Ping Tsang


Article history: In this work, structural and magnetic properties of the LaMnO3+δ compound prepared by citrate precursor method and annealed in the presence of oxygen are investigated. The structural characterization of LaMnO3+δ by X-ray powder diffraction and X"pert package and Fullprof program provides evidence for a rhombohedral structure (R-3c space group) confirmed by FTIR measurement as well. The magnetic measurements show a super- paramagnetic behavior of LaMnO3+δ due to low values of the coercive field and remanance magnetization and also high value of saturation magnetization. In addition, a comparative study of the crystallite size of the compounds obtained from powder XRD is reported. The Williamson-Hall analysis, size-strain plot and Halder-Wagner methods were used to study the individual contributions of the crystallite sizes and lattice micro-strain to isotropic line broadening of all the reflection peaks of the LaMnO3+δ compound. The results show that the Halder-Wagner method is more accurate, with all data points touching the fitting line better than in the other methods. The crystallite sizes estimated from XRD (30.86 nm) and particle size estimated from TEM method (36 nm) and also the magnetic core size (33.6 nm) estimated from magnetic measurement are in good agreement, while a little difference reflects a spherical shape of the nanoparticles.


A fuzzy-rough multi cluster (FRMC) classifier for the recognition of hand postures and face is presented in this chapter. Features of the image are extracted using the computational model of the ventral stream of visual cortex. The recognition algorithm translates each quantitative value of the feature into fuzzy sets of linguis- tic terms using membership functions. The membership functions are generated by the fuzzy partitioning of the feature space into fuzzy equivalence classes, using the feature cluster centers generated by the subtractive clustering technique. A rule base generated from the lower and upper approximations of the fuzzy equivalence classes classifies the images through a voting process. Using Genetic Algorithm (GA), the number of features required for classification is reduced by identifying the predictive image features. The margin of classification, which is a measure of the discrimina- tive power of the classifier, is used to ensure the quality of classification process. The fitness function suggested assists in the feature selection process without com- promising on the classification accuracy and margin. The algorithm is tested using two hand posture and three face datasets. The algorithm provides good classification accuracy, at a less computational effort. The selection of relevant features further reduced the computational costs of both feature extraction and classification algo- rithms, which makes it suitable for real-time applications. The performance of the algorithm is compared with that of Support Vector Machines.


Background Adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoid and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are prescribed as therapeutic agents for AOSD. The pathogenesis of AOSD remains partially unknown, but the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-18 have a major role in its pathogenesis. Therefore, these cytokines have been considered of promising therapeutic target in AOSD patients. Recently, there are some reports on the treatment with various biologic agents in refractory AOSD patients with conventional therapy. Objectives In this study, we described and compared the clinical responsiveness of biologic agents in refractory Korean AOSD patients. Methods We retrospectively collected medical records of AOSD patients who were refractory to conventional therapy and treated with biologic agents such as TNF-α inhibitors, anakinra, tocilizumab and abatacept from 2003 to 2013 in Hanyang University Hospital. Results There were 37 patients composed of 24.3% of male and 75.7% of female. The mean age was 39.8±12.7 and the mean age of disease onset was 32.1±13.5 years. The disease duration was 78.7±49.9 months and the prescribed time of biologics was 34.9±37.3 months from initial diagnosis. Among them, 13 patients prescribed more than two biologic agents. TNF-α inhibitors (etanercept n=8, adalimumab n=5, infliximab n=16, infliximab biosimilar n=6, 69.8%), tocilizumab (n=13, 24.5%), anakinra (n=2, 3.8%) and abatacept (n=1, 1.9%) were prescribed in order. Their doses and administration were similar to the conventional therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. The response rate of tocilizumab (84.6%) was higher than TNF-α inhibitors (45.9%) and anakinra (50.0%) (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference of laboratory findings and clinical disease activity at initial point of biologic agents. There were 7 cases who switched from one TNF-α inhibitor to another TNF-α inhibitor due to lack of efficacy, but only 2 cases showed response to switched TNF-α inhibitor. And there were also 6 cases who changed from TNF-α inhibitor to tocilizumab, only 1 case was unresponsive to tocilizumab. The mean duration of prescribed biologic agents was 7.0±10.8 months. The causes of discontinuation were less effectiveness (40.5%), adverse events (24.3%), remission (13.5%) and other causes such as economics, patient's desire and so on (13.5%). Biologic agents were discontinued in 3 cases because of both lack of effectiveness and adverse events. The adverse events were developed in all of patients with anakinra and abatacept, 46.2% of patients with tocilizumab and 27% of patients with TNF-α inhibitors. Conclusions Tocilizumab showed the most responsiveness among biologic agents in Korean AOSD patients refractory to conventional therapy. This finding suggested that tocilizumab could be considered as the first therapeutic option in refractory patients with conventional treatment when anakinra is not available. Disclosure of Interest : None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4080


A bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) testing programme at the abattoir started in 2001 in France. A total of 5 281 293 bovines were tested in 2001 and 2002; 87 were found positive in 2001--37 per million (95% CI 30-46)--, whereas only 71 in 2002--24 per million (95% CI 19-30). Logistic regression models were run to compare the prevalence of BSE on successive birth cohorts, using a pair-wise method of controlling for age at testing; the prevalence on the first one, determined on animals slaughtered in 2001, was compared to the prevalence on the following one determined on animals slaughtered in 2002. Five models were performed in order to compare the birth cohorts preceding and following the months of June 1993 (i.e. July 92-June 93 birth cohort compared to July 93-June 94 birth cohort) (8.5 years old cattle), June 1994 (7.5 years old cattle), June 1995 (6.5 years old cattle), June 1996 (5.5 years old cattle) and June 1997 (4.5 years old cattle). The models were adjusted for the production type of cattle and the test used. The results showed a significant increase (OR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.08-4.9) of the BSE prevalence between the July 93-June 94 and July 94-June 95 cohorts, and then a significant decrease over the next two birth cohorts; the July 95-June 96 birth cohort was significantly less affected than the July 94-June 95 one (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.27-0.78), and the July 96-June 97 birth cohort was significantly less affected than the July 95-June 96 one (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.07-0.37). The increase in BSE prevalence between the July 93-June 94 and July 94-June 95 cohorts was in agreement with modelling studies, but needs to be confronted to the data on fallen stock at the national level. The decrease in BSE prevalence on the birth cohorts born after June 1995 was in agreement with the findings on the fallen stock in the western part of France and matches the implementation of the removal of specified risk materials (SRM) and dead animals from the processing of meat and bone meal (MBM) since June 1996.


Technology and websites brings the world another alternatives in conveying information
through the global network, the Internet. A web page that adopts agent-based concepts is
able to help its users in delivering or obtaining information regarding companies'
information, products and services, knowledge or other means of information through
websites. The idea of this project is to develop an Agent-based FAQ and also to compare
an Agent-based FAQ with the Traditional FAQ. A well structured Agent-based FAQ will
allure potential websites users to use F AQ more often to ask questions in order to clarify
ambiguous or misunderstanding and to further request information regarding a websites.
A survey was conducted in seeking feedback from websites users regarding Agent-based
F AQ and Traditional F AQ. Using the Rapid Application Development-based
methodology, this project was developed iteratively by adopting the Phased
Development. The relevancy of this project was supported by the information gathered
from various acknowledge articles, journals, and researched done. This report includes
brief details regarding the development tools and languages that support the development
of the agent software and comparison of each. The selected language to develop the agent
is the open source AIML using Program D as the Java AIML interpreters, and included in
this report information of AIML concept and syntax and working with AIML file(s). This
report also explains how the AIML file(s) is being organized and stored using Knowledge
Warehouse concept. Also include step by step in downloading, installing, configuring,
and running Program D and the required application, such as Apache Tomcat Web Server
and Java RunTime Environment (JRE), for Program D to works. In conclusion this report
includes future enhancement and project continuation, and the related references.


The study of the gaussian parameter ω—the approximate width of a peak at half height—of the intensity curves obtained by means of the Unidirectional Laser Oblique Illumination technique employed in the optical microscopy of materials permits introduction of the concept of variation of a surface pattern at different magnifications. This concept establishes how the surface pattern or topography varies among different areas when different magnifications are used. Diffraction gratings and metallic surfaces which have been subjected to different metallographic procedures are analyzed, using objectives of 8×, 16×, and 32×.


Abstract Computational models are often used to assess how functional connectivity (FC) patterns emerge from neuronal population dynamics and anatomical brain connections. It remains unclear whether the commonly used group-averaged data can predict individual FC patterns. The Jansen and Rit neural mass model was employed, where masses were coupled using individual structural connectivity (SC). Simulated FC was correlated to individual magnetoencephalography-derived empirical FC. FC was estimated using phase-based (phase lag index (PLI), phase locking value (PLV)), and amplitude-based (amplitude envelope correlation (AEC)) metrics to analyze their goodness of fit for individual predictions. Individual FC predictions were compared against group-averaged FC predictions, and we tested whether SC of a different participant could equally well predict participants' FC patterns. The AEC provided a better match between individually simulated and empirical FC than phase-based metrics. Correlations between simulated and empirical FC were higher using individual SC compared to group-averaged SC. Using SC from other participants resulted in similar correlations between simulated and empirical FC compared to using participants' own SC. This work underlines the added value of FC simulations using individual instead of group-averaged SC for this particular computational model and could aid in a better understanding of mechanisms underlying individual functional network trajectories.


Because nearly all human disease is influenced by heritable alterations in the structure or function of genes, the issues and principles of medical genetics are coming to bear across medical disciplines. This "genetics revolution" is driven by the rapid pace in which scientists are identifying and isolating genes linked to human disease and is a direct outcome of the Human Genome Project. DNA tests are proving to be the most immediate commercial application of gene discovery, and the one seen most frequently by clinicians. To handle the growing populations who will seek genetic technologies as part of their health care, services must be expanded to help guide patients through the testing process so they make informed decisions about genetic testing. Care-givers will need to know not only about the medical benefits and risks of genetic technologies, but also about the psychosocial and legal implications of these technologies in the public arena. Until these issues are resolved, the technical ability to perform tests for DNA mutations should not be confused with a mandate to offer them. Safeguards must be in place to ensure that these tests are used wisely, maximizing their potential benefits to patients and minimizing their potential risks.


The computer-aided interpretation of fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC) has not been developed well enough for wide use in delivery rooms. The main challenges still lie in the lack of unclear and nonstandard labels for cardiotocography (CTG) recordings, and the timely prediction of fetal state during monitoring. Rather than traditional supervised approaches to FHR classification, this paper demonstrates a way to understand the UC-dependent FHR responses in an unsupervised manner. In this work, we provide a complete method for FHR-UC segment clustering and analysis via the Gaussian process latent variable model, and density-based spatial clustering. We map the UC-dependent FHR segments into a space with a visual dimension and propose a trajectory-based FHR interpretation method. Three metrics of FHR trajectory are defined and an open-access CTG database is used for testing the proposed method.


Background Hypertension is a common disease globally that accounts for the highest number of lost healthy life years and strongly associated with sequelae such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Early detection of individuals with high blood pressure can be ensured by screening also those who consider themselves "healthy". Screening has both positive and negative effects where a diagnosis of hypertension can lead to worry about the future. These effects need to be elucidated in order to balance between benefit and harm before screening is introduced. The aim of the study was to describe individuals' experiences of being screened for hypertension in dental health care. Methods Data from individual semi-structured interviews, with twenty participants screened for cardiovascular risk factors in connection with dental examination and aged 55–80 years, were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Results The results describe individuals' experiences of blood pressure screening in dental health care by means of the following theme: "No big deal" based on two categories: "Convenient way of measuring blood pressure" and "Increased awareness of health". Conclusion The overall message from the interviews was that having one's blood pressure measured when visiting the dentist was convenient, easy and "No big deal". Blood pressure screening did not create any major concerns and contributed to an increased awareness of health.


In order to investigate whether or not CCD-986sk cell line can be affected by Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs, we examined the MTT assay when we treated Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs in CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line. The samples that added complex of grinded extracts of Korean Citrus junos and boiling-water extracts from Korean medicinal herbs were tested for cell proliferation activity by means of a modification of the MTT assay. Among mixture of Citron 3 (Citron 3, less mellowed citron which was ripened for three months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 3+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity. And among mixture of Citron 4 (Citron 4, completely mellowed citron which was ripened for four months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 4+Cordyceps militaris and Citron 4+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity, respectively. These results suggest that complex of Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs could be an excellent candidate for protection of human skin aging.


Nowadays research is being performed in the field of electric energy guns, high power microwaves and laser systems. Next to new sensors such as pulsed sonar and ultra wide band radar, these weapon systems exhibit pulsed operation and require electrical energy at the gigawatt power level. A short description of the mentioned weapon and sensor systems is given and the method to calculate the required power to be installed is demonstrated by means of an example. It is shown that for a single weapon system the required power is high and therefore, integration of propulsion, weapons and sensor systems is inevitable and asks for dedicated energy management strategies.


Abstract Data for two broadband stations and three-component recordings of wide-angle reflections are used to constrain the velocity structure and depth to Moho beneath a portion of the southern Appalachians. Broadband data from the U.S. National Seismic Network (USNSN) station GOGA (Carolina terrane/Inner Piedmont boundary), constrained by average crustal V P derived from wide-angle data, suggest that crustal thickness for individual back azimuths ranges from 41 to 43 km. This is consistent with wide-angle estimates of 38–40 km for the Carolina terrane and 40–45 km for the Inner Piedmont. Average crustal V P / V S is 1.72–1.76, compared with 1.74–1.76 derived from SmS/PmP travel-time ratios for the Carolina terrane. The results for station MYNC (Blue Ridge Mountains), again constrained by wide-angle data, suggest a crustal thickness of 50–52 km for individual back azimuths. Average V P / V S is 1.75–1.77. The range in average V P / V S derived from wide-angle data is broader (1.74–1.80), indicating variations in average composition across the Blue Ridge Mountains, as suggested by gravity data. Large-amplitude direct P and Ps arrivals on transverse-component receiver functions also indicate significant lateral variations in structure beneath MYNC. Comparison of migrated images underscores the differences in resolution for single-station broadband data and wide-angle data recorded with short-aperture arrays. Ps waveforms for MYNC show a double peak. The earlier peak migrates to depths of 48.5–51 km, in agreement with wide-angle events interpreted as Moho. For the later peak, migrated depths range from 60 to 65 km, compared with 59–68 km for peaks in wide-angle reflectivity observed for the Blue Ridge Mountains. The two methods yield consistent estimates for crustal thickness that lend support to models that predict a significant crustal root beneath the high elevations of the Blue Ridge.


From the LHC runs we know that, with increasing collider energy, weak-boson-fusion Higgs production dominates as an environment for precision measurements. We show how a future hadron collider performs for three challenging benchmark signatures. Because all of these measurements rely on the tagging jet signature, we first give a comprehensive analysis of weak-boson-fusion kinematics and a proposed two-step jet veto at a 100 TeV hadron collider. We then find this machine to be sensitive to invisible Higgs branching ratios of 0.5%, a second-generation muon Yukawa coupling of 2%, and an enhanced total Higgs width of around 5%, the latter with essentially no model dependence. This kind of performance crucially relies on a sufficient detector coverage and a dedicated weak-boson-fusion trigger channel.


We discuss the view that the folding of many, perhaps most, integral membrane proteins can be considered as a two-stage process. In stage I, hydrophobic alpha-helices are established across the lipid bilayer. In stage II, they interact to form functional transmembrane structures. This model is suggested by the nature of transmembrane segments in known structures, refolding experiments, the assembly of integral membrane protein from fragments, and the existence of very small integral membrane protein subunits. It may extend to proteins with a variety of functions, including the formation of transmembrane aqueous channels. The model is discussed in the context of the forces involved in membrane protein folding and the interpretation of sequence data.


Angular distortions and mis-fitted ones often occur in joints of a large pressure vessel by errors and deformations in assembling parts and welding those. When internal pressure is loaded to a vessel with distortions, a tensile strain is considerably concentrated at the distorted joints. Such a strain concentration usually affects the fatigue strength and the stress corrosion. cracking (SCC) of materials. It is therefore very important to be suitably determined for allowable amount of distortions in order to predict the remained life of the pressure vessel. The present paper shows the difference of the stress-strain behavior in the case of concave distortion and in that of convex one. Even if the relative amount of distortion is very small as compared with the radius of the pressure vessel, an expression for the distortion part based on initial spherical surface is indispensable for an accurate estimation of the strain concentration.


The fast intensity-hue-saturation (IHS) methods can quickly merge massive volumes of data from new satellite imagery. To minimize the color distortion from IHS fusion, Choi used a tradeoff parameter in his new fast IHS approach to control the spatial and spectral resolution of the fused image. However, the method is not general and requires manual adjustment of the tradeoff parameter in order to keep spatial details while preserving spectral characteristics. To tackle this problem, a modified approach that is a tunable IHS-Brovey method is presented in this letter. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can provide significant improvements over the original method, that is, to achieve a best tradeoff for spatial details and color distortion


Mothers and their babies represent one of the closest dyadic units and thus provide a powerful paradigm to examine how affective states are shared, and result in, synchronized physiologic responses between two people. We recruited mothers and their 12- to 14-month-old infants (Ndyads = 98) to complete a lab study in which mothers were initially separated from their infants and assigned to either a low-arousal positive/relaxation condition, intended to elicit parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) reactivity, or a high-arousal negative/stress task, intended to elicit sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity. Upon reunion, infants were placed either on their mothers' laps (touch condition) or in a high chair next to the mother (no-touch condition). We then examined if the babies SNS and/or PNS responses changed from their baseline levels and how the dyads' physiological responses—both PNS and SNS responses—synchronized over time as a function of mothers' affect manipulation and touch condition. Three noteworthy findings were observed. First, infants of mothers assigned to the relaxation task showed greater PNS increases and PNS covariation. Second, infants of mothers assigned to the stress task showed stronger SNS covariation with their mothers over time. Finally, infants who sat on their mothers' laps (i.e., touch condition) showed stronger SNS covariation than those in the no-touch condition. Taken together, these results suggest that mothers' affective states—low-arousal positive states as well as high-arousal negative states—can be "caught" by their infants, and that touch can play a critical role in stress contagion.


As an open system the crust-mantle transition layer is an important layer where materialand energy exchange between crust and mantle takes place. The different styles of transitionlayer observed in seismic reflection profiles, which are associated with different lock-mineralcompositions indicate different tectonic settings. The transition layer in Tibet, China, acomplex geological unit constituted by random and reticular high and lower seismic velocitylamellae with qrid shaped reflection layer and big thickness, the rock-mineral associationsbearing a dual nature of both mafic granulite factes and ultramafic factes rocks which are thetypical upper mantle rocks, indicates that the crust movement is very intense in this regionnow. The transition layer in North China is usually composed of a thinner strong positive velocity gradient layer, and its rock-mineral associations also bear a dual nature. This suggeststhat the crust is still active though the intense mobile period is over. The transition layer inthe remaining platform basin of China is characterized by a relatively sharp seismic discontinuity inferred the feature of the deep geological processes in the platform is more stable.


Retention of talented employees has become a serious concern to organizations irrespective of their size and special attention being given to the factors motivating retention. Extant literature predicts that work life balance and supervisor support are the most relevant factors related to employee's retention. This study examines the impact of above factors over employees of unattended ceramic sanitary ware factories in India. Statistical tools were used for analysis. Key findings reveals that work life balance and supervisor support are the factors having positive influence on retention and supervisor support gives more impact on retention. Implications to organization and suggestion for future research are also incorporated.


A combination of mowing and grazing by sheep has been shown to successfully control Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) in small plot and paddock scale trials. Between 1994 and 2000 the technique was applied to 15 paddocks on nine farms in Otago, Southland and MidCanterbury. Thistle-infested pastures were mown as low as possible, usually in December after weaning. Thistles at this time were up to 1m tall at the mid to late bud stage. Mobs of at least 350 ewes/ha were introduced at mowing or a day or two before, with all mown herbage eaten within 3 days. Pastures were re-grazed with this or similar sized mobs at approximately threeweek intervals to remove re-growth thistles which had emerged since the previous grazing and before their spines hardened. Each grazing forced the plant's root system to produce a new crop of aerial shoots and this ultimately used up the root reserves causing the thistles to die. The farmers involved were responsible for implementing recommendations on mob size, time and length of grazing. Three or four repeat grazings markedly reduced thistle numbers the following summer, resulting in almost complete elimination by autumn in year two after the programme was repeated. With fewer grazings in year one, control took longer. The grazing regime had no apparent effect on ewe health and resulted in improved pasture quality.


The objectives of this research are: 1) improving the skills of teachers and school principals in filling out accreditation instruments as part of the implementation of school/madrasah self-evaluations, 2) measuring awareness of the importance of accreditation as seen from the participation level of SISPENA 3.0 piloting activities, and 3) knowing the evaluation results of implementing the SISPENA 3.0 pilot program. The implemented research design was descriptive mixed-method involving quantitative and qualitative data. The data was gathered through documentation of piloting the SISPENA 3.0 program and interviewing program participants. The participants were 190 schools around Lampung province, Indonesia. The results showed that the program met all of the required objectives, all the schools believed in the importance of the program which resulted in a 100% attendance rate, and the program revealed accreditation problems which were then discussed by BAN, PAUD, and PNF in Lampung to brainstorm appropriate solutions. The research provides the possibility for application of this program in other similar systems. Furthermore, it recommends that both schools and the National Accreditation Board (BAN) should establish education management in accordance with the national standard of education as stated in the accreditation system.


There is a widespread concern among practitioners and corporate managers that transactions which result in changes in future earnings-per-share ("EPS") have real effects on stock prices, irrespective of whether these changes reflect differences in future cash flows. As a result, investment decisions are often conditioned on their being accretive to EPS. This paper addresses this notion by testing whether there is any relation between EPS accretion and both announcement and long-term abnormal returns for acquiring firms in mergers and acquisitions. Using a sample of 224 transactions completed between 1975 and 1994, and a measure of EPS accretion designed to exclude the real effects of any potential synergies from the acquisition, I find that EPS accretion has a positive and statistically significant effect on acquirer abnormal performance, both at announcement and for the period up to 18 months following completion of the deal. This effect is robust across different measures of abnormal performance, and after controlling for other factors known to affect the long-term performance of acquiring firms. Also, the magnitude of the effect is higher for firms with a larger percentage of unsophisticated investors. On the other hand, the estimated effect, although reliably positive, is one order of magnitude smaller than implied by practitioners' views, suggesting that the concerns expressed by managers are largely exaggerated.


Bertrand Russell may not have been aware of it, but he wrote part of the dossier that was submitted on his behalf for the Nobel Peace Prize. Before he had turned from the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament to the Committee of 100 and subsequent campaigns of the 1960s, his wife, Edith, was asked by his publisher, Sir Stanley Unwin, for an account of his work for peace. This document was likely used a few months later in Joseph Rotblat's submission of Russell's name to the Norwegian Nobel Peace Prize committee.


While it is now well accepted that radiolabeled antibodies can be useful for tumour detection by immunoscintigraphy, the use of larger doses of more aggressive radioisotopes coupled to antibodies for radioimmunotherapy is still in its infancy. At the experimental level, our group has shown that the intravenous injection of large doses of 131I labeled F(ab')2 fragments from monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibodies can eradicate well established human colon carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. At the clinical level, in a dosimetry study performed at the Institut Gustave Roussy, the same anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies and fragments, labeled with subtherapeutic doses of 131I, were injected in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas. Direct measurement of radioactivity in surgically resected liver metastases and normal liver confirmed the specificity of tumour localization of the antibodies, but also showed that the calculated radiation doses which could be delivered by injections of 200 to 300 mCi of 131I labeled antibodies or fragments, remained fairly low, in the range of 1,500 to 3,000 rads. This is obviously insufficient for a single modality treatment. An alternative approach is to inject radiolabeled antibodies intra peritoneally to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis. Several clinical studies using this strategy are presently under evaluation and suggest that positive results can be obtained when the tumour diameters are very small. In systemic radioimmunotherapy, positive results have been obtained in more radiosensitive types of malignancies such as B cell lymphomas by intravenous injection of antibodies directed against B cell differentiation markers or against idiotypic antigens from each lymphoma, and labeled with 131I or 90Y. The major directions of research for improvement of radioimmunotherapy include the design of genetically engineered new forms of humanized antibodies, the synthesis of original chelates for coupling new radioisotopes to antibodies and the development of two step strategies for immunolocalization of radioisotopes.


The study was attempted to collect information on buffalo husbandry practices existing in household farming level along with farmers' status and problems they faced with probable solutions in selected coastal regions of Bangladesh. Data were collected from eighty (80) randomly interviewed household farmers of two coastal districts (Bhola and Patuakhali) through questionnaire from 1 January to 30 June 2019. Buffalo rearing was practiced by male farmers (85%) in age group of 31-45 yrs (47.5%) having primary level education (51.25%) and belonged to small category of farmers (52.5%) whose main occupation is agriculture (76.25%). About 82.5% farmers used own capital while 96.25% farmers practiced buffalo rearing without any training. Majority (80%) of the farmers had small herd size (<6) where highest number (91.25%) of farmers kept female buffaloes. About three-forth farmers (77.5%) did not care for housing of their buffaloes. Among the sheds provided mainly at night (85%), most of them had tinned roof (91.25%), muddy floor (97.5%), inadequate floor space (70%) and improper drainage system (65%). Maximum farmers (90%) practiced grazing their buffaloes from morning to evening at public land and offered locally collected natural roughages at night but did not practice concentrate feeding. No farmers accepted any feeding technology, used vitamin-mineral supplements or growth promoters and followed balanced ration feeding to buffaloes. Clean drinking water supply (3.75%) was very poor practice although farmers had opportunity. Natural breeding (85%) was more prominent practice and buffaloes mainly showed heat in winter. About 45% and 60% farmers practiced irregular vaccination and deworming, respectively. Feeds shortage is the most common problem along with others where attention is needed. The overall observations indicated that scientific management practices to exploit inherent capacity of buffaloes were not adopted by farmers and hence, management practices were not satisfactory and need to be corrected through motivation and providing extension services among farmers.


The Worldwide Audit on the state and status of Physical Education (PE) in 1999 provides a clear picture of the threat under which the school subject seems to be on a worldwide scale. In the aftermath of the World Summit on PE, held in Berlin in 1999, it was deemed necessary to investigate the health status of populations and the current international and national trends regarding quality PE as a school subject. The research was conducted by means of a literature study in the field of health, education and PE. In the United States (US) the 1996 Surgeon General's report on physical activity and health as well as the 1997 subsequent recommendations from the Centres of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clearly made a plea for quality daily PE in school programmes to promote physically active and healthy lifestyles among the youth. However, childhood obesity is currently plaguing the US and although the US seems to be the world leader in obesity among the youth, Europe, Australia and Canada do not seem to lag behind. South Africa (SA) is also following the world trend with our youth becoming increasingly inactive and obese. A number of initiates were launched in various countries to provide quality PE programmes in schools, but in SA only sport is regarded as an important component for the overall development and upliftment of previously disadvantaged communities. To ensure favourable medal counts at elite sports competitions the limited funds available have to be allocated, bearing these national priorities in mind. Against this backdrop the sports delivery network finds it economically and politically 'profitable' to promote elite sport at the expense of PE and 'sport for all' community projects (Burnett & Hollander, 1999). Attempts were made to reinstate PE as a school subject with full status, but in the Revised National Curriculum Statement (Grades R-9) of 2002 it is one focus (physical development and movement) among four other foci in the Life Orientation (LO) learning area. The National Curriculum Statement for Grades 10-12 is still in draft form but it seems that PE will also be a focus (recreation and physical well-being) of LO. Taking the initiatives and health status of children worldwide into account, Hardman (2002) and Chernushenko (2003) wonder whether reports on quality PE programmes in schools and communities are not just lip service. The key word to serve the mutual best interests of physical and health education as well as sport, is partnerships. The challenge for PE is to embrace initiatives at school, local community, national and international levels. These stakeholders need to stipulate detailed strategies to obtain short- and long-term objectives regarding health habits and physical activity patterns for the youth.
Keywords: Health, Education, Physical education, Life orientation, Partnership South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol.26(1) 2004: 107-121


Exocrine pancreatic function was studied in 36 patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and 31 control subjects. The secretin test and the Lundh test meal were used to assess exocrine pancreas function. Patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis had a significantly lower bicarbonate concentration, less than 90 mmol/l in duodenal aspirate, than the control group (p less than 0.001). There were statistically insignificant differences in the volume of the duodenal aspirate after the secretin test and in the mean tryptic activity after the Lundh test meal between patients and controls. We conclude that exocrine pancreatic function is impaired with regard to bicarbonate secretion in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.


Objective : To review what is known at present with respect to incidence, survival, risk factors and prevalence among the elderly stroke patients in the Nordic countries. Method: This article is based mainly on literature identified through search engines (Mc Master Plus, Cochrane Library, Medline and PubMed), restricted to first-ever stroke in Nordic population-based studies and having applied to the standard WHO definition, a prospective study design and no upper age limit. Results : Data from the Nordic countries show an incidence rate of 1250 to 1796/100 000 in the age group 75-84, and 1628 to 2234 in those above 85 years. The incidence rates are higher among men, but women are expected to contribute more to incident cases due to their higher life expectancy. If the age-specific incidence of stroke remains stable, the proportion of stroke patients aged 80 years and older may reach 50% in a few decades. The elderly stroke patients have a higher 30-days case fatality, and a higher risk of dependency. Better treatment of stroke patients has improved the survival over the last two decades. The prevalence is expected to increase due to the decrease in lethality, a slower fall in incidence and a higher proportion of elderly. Cardiovascular risk factors increase with age. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke mortality in the elderly. Cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation is the most common stroke subtype in the elderly. Lifestyle risk factors are less prevalent in the older stroke patients. Conclusion : The growing proportion of elderly stroke patients is a major challenge for future stroke care. The elderly stroke patients have a different risk factor profile compared to younger stroke patients. Treatment should focus on regaining independency. The age-specific epidemiology of stroke needs to be studied further in large studies in order to plan for future health care.


Unquestionably, the most important remedy innovation of the Uniform Commercial Code has been to give primacy to damage remedies based on actual substitutions rather than to those based on hypothetical ones. The laudable effect is that damages based on market price have been reduced to a secondary status, to be used only when the facts of the case do not allow for a remedy based on an actual substitution.The net result has been that Code damages more closely approximate the injured party's lost expectation and that windfall recoveries are avoided. This Essay seeks to demonstrate that Revised Article 2-803(c) threatens to undo this progress and once again to give ascendancy to damage remedies based on hypothesis rather than actual fact.


Prognosis after acute myocardial infarction is determined primarily by left ventricular function and by the extent to which additional coronary obstructions jeopardize viable myocardium. Radionuclide ventriculography is well suited for noninvasive assessments of resting and exercise ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. The prognostic importance of resting left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction is well established. Several studies have reported the prognostic utility of submaximal exercise radionuclide ventriculography at the time of hospital discharge. Patients with globally depressed left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction are at increased risk for cardiac death, while patients with normal resting ventricular function but abnormal function during exercise appear to be at risk for nonfatal ischemic events. The development of gated tomographic techniques and new radiopharmaceuticals will make available more accurate and detailed assessments of ventricular function and combined assessments of function and perfusion. These new developments require further investigation but appear to be promising new techniques with the potential for providing improved assessments of prognosis after acute myocardial infarction.


--> 800x600 Normal 0 19 false false false LT X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 On average, 20% of all Lithuanian patients after lower limb joint replacement get rehabilitation treatment in the Palanga rehabilitation hospital. The service is provided in accordance with the common standarts, that were prepared by the specialists from Palanga rehabilitation, Klaipeda university and Siauliai hospitals. The aim of the study: to determine the change in joint function after replacement during inpatient rehabilitation. Contingents consisted of 440 patients after hip and knee joint replacement, who have undergone rehabilitation for 18–24 days. The study consisted of 158 men and 282 women .The mean age of the patients was 65 years. All tests : visual analogue scale /VAS/, functional status, flexion and extension angles, Barthel, Keithel index were done before and after rehabilitation. The results demonstrated, that rehabilitation after hip and knee joint replacement is conductive to easing pain, ensures the patient's agility, ability to take care of himself, improves the quality of life.


Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), predominantly ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Systemic inflammation is thought to be a key contributor to this risk and it is hoped early therapeutic suppression of inflammation will reduce cardiovascular (CV) events in the long term. Insulin resistance, associated with metabolic syndrome, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and atherogenic lipid profiles have been proposed as potential surrogate measures of atherosclerosis in RA. Each has been shown to correlate with systemic inflammation, but their utility in RA above measurement of the acute phase response remains unknown. Objectives To determine whether suppression of inflammation in early RA influences surrogate measures of atherosclerosis, including the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), NT-proBNP and dyslipidaemia. Methods CRP, fasting glucose and lipids, and in a sub-group, NT-proBNP and fasting insulin, were measured at baseline and week 26 in DMARD naïve RA patients, with 3-12 months symptoms, recruited into the Infliximab as Induction therapy for Early rheumatoid Arthritis (IDEA) multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial. Patients met the 1987 ACR criteria. Treatment was randomised to IFX +MTX or MTX with 250mg IV methylprednisolone as induction therapy. 120mg IM methylprednisolone was given if DAS>2.4 at 3 time points within the first 26 weeks. HOMA-IR was calculated at each time point. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon and paired t-test, and Spearman's correlation were performed. Results Data from 112 patients (69% female, mean age 53 years, 55% RF and 70% anti-CCP positive) were analysed. At baseline, 9% were on a statin and 14% an anti-hypertensive agent. 4 patients had known IHD and were excluded from the subsequent analysis. The median (range) CRP was 13mg/l (0-30) with CRP normal (<5.0mg/l) in 33%. Baseline CRP negatively correlated with HDL (rho -2.78, p=0.024) and total cholesterol (TC) (rho -2.33, p=0.026). 15%, 30%, 39%, and 25% had at risk levels for HDL, LDL, TC and triglyceride (TG), respectively1. In the subgroup of 79 patients with data on NT-proBNP and fasting insulin, 17% and 38% of patients had raised levels of NT-proBNP and HOMA-IR, respectively. Comparing week 26 to baseline, there was a significant fall in CRP (p<0.001; normal levels in 64%) and HOMA-IR (p=0.008; abnormal in 19%), but not NT-proBNP (p=0.132; elevated in 17%). With respect to the dyslipidaemia, HDL and TC rose (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively), but there was no significant change in LDL or TG. 5%, 46%, 61%, and 20% had at risk levels for HDL, LDL, TC and TG, respectively. Conclusions In this study, suppression of inflammation was associated with improvement in insulin resistance and increased HDL, but no significant change in NT-proBNP, TG or LDL following 26 weeks intensive RA treatment. Further analyses of biomarkers at week 78 and drug specific effects are underway. Long term follow up is being performed to determine if those patients with persistently abnormal CV biomarkers develop subclinical or overt CVD in the future despite intensive early treatment for RA. References JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486-97 Disclosure of Interest L.-A. Bissell: None Declared, S. Mackie: None Declared, L. Kozera: None Declared, J. Nam: None Declared, A. Burska: None Declared, E. Hensor: None Declared, H. Keen: None Declared, E. Villeneuve: None Declared, H. Donica: None Declared, P. Conaghan: None Declared, J. Andrews: None Declared, P. Emery: None Declared, A. Morgan Grant/Research support from: Supported in part by a research grant from Investigator-Initiated Studies Program of Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited


Using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, the polymer mass (Mw), gyration radius (Rw) and the polydispersity index (PI) of glutenin polymers (GPs) have been previously studied. Here, using the same multi-location trials (4 years, 11 locations and 192 cultivars), the factors associated with the conformation (Conf) of the polymers were reported. Conf, which is the slope of Log (Rw) = f [Log (Mw)], varied between 0.285 and 0.740. Conf had low broad-sense heritability (H 2 = 16.8) and was significantly influenced by temperature occurring over the last month of grain filling. Higher temperatures were found to increase Rw and the compactness and sphericity of GPs. The HMW-GS and LMW-GS alleles had a significant influence on the Conf value. Assuming a Gaussian distribution for Mw, the number of polymers present in wheat grain was computed for different kernel weights and protein concentrations: it exceeded 10 12 GPs per grain. Using atomic force microscopy and cryo-microscopy, photos of GPs were revealed for the first time. Under high temperatures, GPs became larger, less reticulated, more spherical and consequently less prone to rapid hydrolysis. Some orientations aimed at reducing the possible impact of the numerous GPs for people suffering from non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) were proposed.


Any account of religious controversy in nineteenth-century Britain must mention Essays and Reviews, the collection of essays published in i860 by a group of distinguished and liberal Anglicans.1 The volume was a deliberate challenge to the great body of Anglican opinion in the name of reason, science, and Biblical Criticism. The challenge was taken up eagerly, and the essayists suffered a mild persecution. Frederick Temple's position as Headmaster at Rugby was threatened, Benjamin Jowett, Professor of Greek at Oxford, had the increase in his professorial stipend withheld. Rowland Williams and H. B. Wilson were tried for heresy.


This paper examines the emergence of NHS podiatric surgery as a challenge to the dominance of medicine and its control over the provision of foot surgical services. The practice of surgery by non-medically qualified podiatrists and its integration within mainstream NHS service provision is evaluated as possible evidence of the diminishing authority of medicine in determining the scope and boundaries of paramedical practice. To date, a growing body of practising podiatric surgeons have obtained NHS consultant appointments and access to surgical facilities within the hospital environment. This trend has been facilitated by the enhanced authority of NHS general managers in the wake of the post-Griffiths reforms, alongside the purchasing freedom of fundholding GPs. Although the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) and British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) failed to prevent or halt these developments, the medical profession continues to be engaged in a bid to retain overall control of the market for foot surgical services through a strategy of delegation. Furthermore, future prospects for NHS podiatric surgery may be limited under plans to extend medical authority in healthcare commissioning through Primary Care Groups.


Simmel develops his concept of the stranger in an overly structural and reductionist manner. Contrary to Simmel's suggestion, there is an indeterminate relation between structural exclusion and the attribution of strangeness. After showing that 'the stranger' must be rethought in a cultural-sociological way, this essay demonstrates an alternative approach. Articulating a 'discourse' that structures Western projections of strangeness, I explore its relation to colonialism, racial and class domination, and national conflict in modern Western history. This approach suggests an alternative, not only to Simmel but to Merton's and Coser's earlier structural-functional reconceptualization of stranger theory.