The electric vehicles of today have limited driving range, but we can expect incremental improvements towards 250-300 km / per charge and even longer if the work on new battery chemistry will succeed. It might be a solution for passenger cars. I.e. the operating range will be long enough for the costumer and the need for opportunity charging will disappear. This will take some years. However a big investment in the infrastructure could kick-start the electric vehicle market. If slow and fast chargers will be available on several locations the drivers will be more confident in the car itself. There are several techniques for charging of electric vehicles, the most promising is conductive charging and inductive wireless charging. These two techniques are already available and there is a common core technology using high frequency switching at high power level. A further development is the ability to deliver energy back to the grid in the future. The report finds that research on inductive charging is the most important. Capacitive, radio frequency or micro wave, conductive power transfer are possible ways to charge the vehicle when it stops at home, for shopping or at work. These technologies are not mature but it is interesting to investigate their potential. Even a hydrogen system may be regarded as charging of a vehicle as long as the hydrogen is produced from electricity. There are two good benefits of this system, the vehicle may be used in the same way as an ordinary car. It is driven until the fuel is almost gone and then you fill it up in a couple of minutes. The other benefit is that the hydrogen system may be used for balancing the electricity production from wind or solar.


What are the correlates of a good life and how do these relate to the personal and professional change strategies advocated by positive psychologists and other helping professionals? This session draws on qualitative interview data from participants in a number to countries to examine the perceived effectiveness of positive psychology, cognitive, social, physical and attentional approaches in achieving a lasting improvement in wellbeing. It examines the role of social embeddness, embodied approaches, social skills, engagement, attention shifting, acceptance, distraction and other non-cognitive factors. The data presents a challenge to the suitability of positive psychology and cognitively-based interventions for certain personality types, situations and cultural settings.


This exploratory study aims at investigating the effects of terrorism on children's ability to recognize emotions. A sample of 101 exposed and 102 nonexposed children (mean age = 11 years), balanced for age and gender, were assessed 20 months after a terrorist attack in Beslan, Russia. Two trials controlled for children's ability to match a facial emotional stimulus with an emotional label and their ability to match an emotional label with an emotional context. The experimental trial evaluated the relation between exposure to terrorism and children's free labeling of mixed emotion facial stimuli created by morphing between 2 prototypical emotions. Repeated measures analyses of covariance revealed that exposed children correctly recognized pure emotions. Four log-linear models were performed to explore the association between exposure group and category of answer given in response to different mixed emotion facial stimuli. Model parameters indicated that, compared with nonexposed children, exposed children (a) labeled facial expressions containing anger and sadness significantly more often than expected as anger, and (b) produced fewer correct answers in response to stimuli containing sadness as a target emotion.


Browser-based attribute-exchange protocols enable users of normal web browsers to conveniently send attributes, such as authentication or demographic data, to web sites. Such protocols might become very common and almost mandatory in general consumer scenarios over the next few years. We derive the privacy requirements on such protocols from general privacy principles and study their consequences for the protocol design. We also survey to what extent proposals like Microsoft's Passport, IBM's e-Community Single Signon, SAML, Shibboleth, the Liberty Alliance specifications and a protocol BBAE of our own conform to these design consequences, and how one could go forward.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of staphylococcal protein A-gold (SPA-G) single molecule using atomic force microscope (AFM) so as to evaluate the feasibility of using this molecule for in situ labeling of the neuronal membrane protein.

METHODS
AFM was used to acquire the images of SPA-G binding to the surface of mica under physiological condition for determining the 3D conformation of the molecule.

RESULTS
SPA-G single molecule was shown to contain a characteristic structure with a chain in the shape of mirror image of the letter C, which had the dimension of 48.80 nm x 42.13 nm x 20.53 nm.

CONCLUSION
AFM provide a new means for morphological investigation of the biomacromolecule at the nanometer scale in physiological conditions, and SPA-G can be utilized for in situ labeling of the neuronal membrane receptors.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate patients formerly diagnosed as neurofibroma and schwannoma in terms of hybrid peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) via histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.  Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 115 patients formerly diagnosed as either neurofibroma or schwannoma were re-evaluated histopathologically. Among these patients, 32 cases which showed mixed morphology, suspicious for hybrid PNST were included in the study. Immunohistochemically, S100, CD34, EMA and ki67 were performed to these 32 cases, suspicious for hybrid PNST. Results: Based on histopathology, 32 of 115 (27.8%) cases were suspicious for hybrid PNST. By the addition of immunohistochemical staining results; 22 of 32 cases were definitely diagnosed as hybrid PNST; of which 18 (81.8%) as schwannoma-neurofibroma and, 4 (18.2%) cases as schwannoma-perineurioma.  Conclusion: Hybrid PNSTs are usually benign and have distinct histopathologic and immunohistochemistry findings. In the literature, rare case reports have described local recurrence and malignant transformation in hybrid PNSTs.  Therefore, further studies are needed to demonstrate the pathogenetic and prognostic significance of these tumors. Because of the risk of recurrence and malignancy potential, these tumors should be kept in mind in diagnosis of peripheral nerve sheath tumors.


One approach to improving the real-time efficiency of plasma turbulence calculations is to use a parallel algorithm. A parallel algorithm for plasma turbulence calculations was tested on the Intel iPSC/860 hypercube and the Touchstone Delta machine. Using the 128 processors of the Intel iPSC/860 hypercube, a factor of 5 improvement over a single-processor CRAY-2 is obtained. For the Touchstone Delta machine, the corresponding improvement factor is 13. For plasma edge turbulence calculations, an extrapolation of the present results to the Intel sigma machine gives an improvement factor close to 64 over the single-processor CRAY-2.<<ETX>>


Fusiform aneurysms remain challenging entities to treat, as maintenance of flow and prevention of branch occlusion are concerns. Use of endovascular stents may risk nearby branch occlusion. We present a 31-yr-old male with a prior subarachnoid hemorrhage from a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 aneurysm. Informed consent for use of the operative video and information was obtained from the patient. Initially, open clipping was performed with noted residual because of risk of nearby branches. On angiography, a growing fusiform segment distal to the initial aneurysm was noted. The patient was referred to our institution for this finding, and a multidisciplinary team reviewed the case. Endovascular treatment was felt to be risky, as stenting could jail nearby MCA branches. Clipping would also risk occlusion because of scaring from previous hemorrhage. Sufficient flow would be needed, and because the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery was sacrificed in the initial craniotomy, the internal maxillary artery (IMAX) was chosen as the bypass source. A cerebrovascular neurosurgeon, skull base otolaryngologist, and vascular surgeon worked together to perform a left-side IMAX to MCA bypass using an anterior tibial artery graft under 3-dimensional exoscopic visualization. Specifically, a 9-0 nylon suture on a BV-130 needle along with straight and tying forceps were used along with heparinized saline. The bypass was noted to be of robust flow, and the patient did very well on postoperative follow-up. The utilization of an anterior tibial artery graft, IMAX exposure, and corresponding bypass provides educational value, as there are only a limited number of videos on this topic.


"Programs from Proofs" is a generic method which generates new programs out of correctness proofs of given programs. The technique ensures that the new and given program are behaviorally equivalent and that the new program is easily verifiable, thus serving as an alternative to proof-carrying code concepts. So far, this generic method has one instantiation that verifies type-state properties of programs. In this paper, we present a whole range of new instantiations, all based on dataflow analyses. More precisely, we show how an imprecise but fast dataflow analysis can be enhanced with a predicate analysis as to yield a precise but expensive analysis. Out of the safety proofs of this analysis, we generate new programs, again behaviorally equivalent to the given ones, which are "easily verifiable" in the sense that now the dataflow analysis alone can yield precise results. An experimental evaluation practically supports our claim of easy verification.


Variational Monte Carlo method is a powerful tool to determine approximate wave functions of atoms, molecules, and solids up to relatively large systems. In the present work, we extend the variational Monte Carlo approach to study confined systems. Important properties of the atoms, such as the spatial distribution of the electronic charge, the energy levels, or the filling of electronic shells, are modified under confinement. An expression of the energy very similar to the estimator used for free systems is derived. This opens the possibility to study confined systems with little changes in the solution of the corresponding free systems. This is illustrated by the study of helium atom in its ground state (1)S and the first (3)S excited state confined by spherical, cylindrical, and plane impenetrable surfaces. The average interelectronic distances are also calculated. They decrease in general when the confinement is stronger; however, it is seen that they present a minimum for excited states under confinement by open surfaces (cylindrical, planes) around the radii values corresponding to ionization. The ground (2)S and the first (2)P and (2)D excited states of the lithium atom are calculated under spherical constraints for different confinement radii. A crossing between the (2)S and (2)P states is observed around rc = 3 atomic units, illustrating the modification of the atomic energy level under confinement. Finally the carbon atom is studied in the spherical symmetry by using both variational and diffusion Monte Carlo methods. It is shown that the hybridized state sp(3) becomes lower in energy than the ground state (3)P due to a modification and a mixing of the atomic orbitals s, p under strong confinement. This result suggests a model, at least of pedagogical interest, to interpret the basic properties of carbon atom in chemistry.


Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on βendorphin level and perceived training exertion in addicted men. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 addicted men aged 20-33 years old were randomly selected after a public call and were divided into drug supplement (n=10) and exercise-drug supplement (n=10) groups. While the first group had consumption of 10 milligram/day of methadone, the exercise-drug supplement group performed exercise training to intensity of 70-75 percent of VO2max for 20 sessions (5 sessions per week and for 45 to 55 minutes in each session) in addition to intervention of drug supplement group. Also, for checking of desired changes after intervention, blood samples were taken for survey of βendorphin level and perceived training exertion was performed by Borg scale. Finally, SPSS software was used for data analysis at a significant level of p<0.05. Results: Statistical surveys showed that after intervention, level of βendorphin significantly increased in both groups (p<0.05). Also, perceived training exertion significantly decreased in exercise-drug supplement group (p=0.002). In addition, in exercise-drug supplement group, there was a significant negative relationship between β-endorphin levels and perceived training exertion (p=0.033). Conclusion: Considering the results of this study and existing literature, we can conclude that method of exercise-drug supplement is presumably a better one for treatment of addicted men in comparison with other interventions. It is also a good method for enhancement of endocrine system in addicted men. However, further research is needed to confirm available data.


The AdBlue system consists of inserting the urea-water mixture into the exhaust pipe to reduce the emission of polluting gases. Hence, the liquid and exhaust pipe temperatures are essential factors. This research aims to implement a temperature control and monitoring system for AdBlue deposits when they are affected by environmental temperature and climate change. To carry out the design of the control system, the VDI 2206 methodology was used based on four stages until the modeling and analysis of the model in the LabView software. The design of the controller was obtained before the change in temperature of the environment, which affects the urea deposits, so suitable and selected components are used through a morphological matrix. Finally, this research allows controlling the state of the AdBlue deposits, since to have a good performance of emission reduction, there is a temperature range ranging from -10 to 25 ° C, for this control system is created that allows to increase the temperature or decrease it, to obtain a good performance.


Blow-out fractures usually involve the floor or medial wall of the orbit. However, if the roof of the orbit is thin, a blow-out fracture can occur upward into the frontal sinus. Two cases of orbital roof blow-out fractures are presented including plain films and tomographic findings. Neither fracture required surgical correction.


Sulfide is known to be an important factor in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals and concrete deterioration in wastewater treatment structures and sewer pipelines. A sulfide biosensor was used to determine the effectiveness of Escherichia coli DH5 alpha biofilm as a protective barrier against MIC. The biofilm was shown to be effective in protecting surfaces from sulfide and helping to reduce MIC using amperometric measurements. The results also indicated that the growth conditions of E. coli DH5 alpha may have an impact on the performance of the biofilm as a sulfide barrier. The simple method provided in this work enables the comparison of several microbial biofilms and selection of the ones with potential to prevent MIC in a relatively short time.


The book refines the definition of social capital, synthesising and improving on the hitherto existing definitions. Using the improved definition, it analyses the complex processes through which social capital is formed; and the various variables that influence its formation in a rural setting using rich primary data from Western Kenya. The book explains the role of unique variables (witchcraft beliefs and ethnicity) among other variables in determining the stock of household level social capital. Also explained in this book is the relationship between the stock of social capital (both household- and community-level) and a variety of household economic development outcomes. Having drawn the linkages, the book recommends measures that could enhance social capital formation, contrary to the popular belief that social capital cannot be formed through deliberate investment decisions. It concludes that such measures would have a positive impact on rural economic development as well. This book sheds light on new variables that may be of as great if not greater, significance in determining rural development in an African country than the traditional microeconomic development factors.


Glass fiber reinforced polymer rods or bars are being used for reinforcing concrete structures. In comparison to conventional steel reinforcing bars, the glass fiber reinforced polymer bars are less likely to corrode when subjected to deicing materials and seawater. However, glass fiber reinforced polymers can be corroded due to chemical reactions that are different from the ones that corrode steel. This corrosion can deteriorate the glass fiber reinforced polymer/concrete interface and cause delamination or loss of bond, the most common secondary interface deterioration in reinforced concrete. Ultrasonic guided waves, because of their long distance testing capability, have been used for detecting delamination at the steel/concrete interface. In this paper, the possibility of developing similar guided wave testing techniques for testing glass fiber reinforced polymer/concrete interface delamination is investigated. Developing ultrasonic techniques for glass fiber reinforced polymer/concrete interface testing is more challenging because glass fiber reinforced polymers have high attenuation. Hence, many techniques that are used for steel testing do not work very well for fiber reinforced polymers. Here the ultrasonic guided wave technique is applied to concrete beams reinforced by glass fiber reinforced polymer bars to investigate the effect of high attenuation. This study shows that the ultrasonic guided wave testing technique has potential for both glass fiber reinforced polymer/concrete and steel/concrete interface testing.


The cure rate for cancer can be increased from the current 51% to 75% by the year 2000. Two important actions that will make this goal possible are the prevention of cancers that are caused by known carcinogens and the earlier detection of cancer in asymptomatic individuals. Current knowledge about the cause of cancer makes it prudent for persons to change their lifestyles (primary prevention). Tobacco products are the number one culprit in cancer cause and it is estimated that 30% of all cancer deaths in the United States would not occur if tobacco use had been avoided. The sound principles of cancer prevention and early detection need to be applied by primary care physicians and community cancer centers working together. Caution must be advised when recommending a variety of diets and medicines that, as yet, have no proven value in cancer prevention. Cancer control research is needed to expand cancer control applications in a cost effective and acceptable manner.


In order to assess the complications of sleep apnea, we have reviewed a data base of 619 consecutive admissions to a university sleep disorders center. Although patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) described more subjective sleepiness than patients with central sleep apnea (CSA) or primary snoring (PS), the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) indicated similar levels of physiologic sleepiness in the two apneic groups, which was greater than among those with PS. There was no significant relationship between individual subjective estimates of habitual sleepiness and the MSLT values. Among the OSA patients the mean minimum arterial oxygen desaturation during REM sleep accounted for 65 percent of the variance of the mean sleep latency on the MSLT, with an additional, smaller, contribution of the disordered breathing rate per hour. Subjective reports of sleepiness were associated with sleep efficiency and the number of disordered breathing events in NREM sleep. Patients with OSA or CSA had similar diastolic blood pressures and frequencies of history of treatment for hypertension, which were significantly higher in OSA than in the PS group. In the OSA group the absolute minimum arterial oxygen desaturation during NREM sleep was the most significant contributor to waking diastolic blood pressure, with an additional small contribution by weight. A history of treatment for hypertension was most strongly associated with weight, without significant additional contributions by measures of disordered breathing events or oxygen desaturation; however, weight was highly intercorrelated with measures of the apnea/hypopnea index and minimum arterial oxygen desaturation. In summary, these data support recent findings which show a close relation of obesity to a history of hypertension in OSA, and extend to this group a previous observation that in regular heavy snorers, there may be a disparity between levels of physiologic and subjective sleepiness.


We report computed tomography (CT) findings of an autopsy-proven case of late-infantile Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD). The patient's symptoms started in preschool age with dystonic posture, leading shortly to complete loss of verbal communication and ambulation with marked torsion dystonia. She died aged 23 years. Cranial CT, performed at the age of 18 years, showed moderate infratentorial atrophy, but cortical cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement and caudate atrophy were all absent; there were symmetrical areas of increased density in the globus pallidus, and ironstaining pigment deposits at this site were confirmed post mortem. In the appropriate clinical setting such CT findings may be diagnostically helpful in the late-infantile form of HSD. However, experience with CT as well as with magnetic resonance imaging in HSD is still very limited.


Cepharanthin, a kind of alkaloid, has been reported to show a protective effect for leukopenia induced by radiation therapy. In this study, one of three kinds of drugs, Cepharanthin, S-Adchnon (adrenochrome derivative) and Hythiol (L-cysteine), was randomly administered to 94 patients with cancer of the head and neck, the uterine cervix and the lung, during the course of radiotherapy. When Cepharanthin was given, 81.3% of the patients were protected from leukopenia, compared with 51.6% in S-Adchnon and 32.3% in Hythiol. It is suggested that prophylactic use of Cepharanthin may be useful for cancer radiotherapy.


Abstract B7-H3 is overexpressed in various solid tumors and has been considered as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here, we report the development of DS-7300a, a novel B7-H3–targeting antibody–drug conjugate with a potent DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, and its in vitro profile, pharmacokinetic profiles, safety profiles, and in vivo antitumor activities in nonclinical species. The target specificity and species cross-reactivity of DS-7300a were assessed. Its pharmacologic activities were evaluated in several human cancer cell lines in vitro and xenograft mouse models, including patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models in vivo. Pharmacokinetics was investigated in cynomolgus monkeys. Safety profiles in rats and cynomolgus monkeys were also assessed. DS-7300a specifically bound to B7-H3 and inhibited the growth of B7-H3–expressing cancer cells, but not that of B7-H3–negative cancer cells, in vitro. Additionally, treatment with DS-7300a and DXd induced phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1, a DNA damage marker, and cleaved PARP, an apoptosis marker, in cancer cells. Moreover, DS-7300a demonstrated potent in vivo antitumor activities in high–B7-H3 tumor xenograft models, including various tumor types of high–B7-H3 PDX models. Furthermore, DS-7300a was stable in circulation with acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys, and well tolerated in rats and monkeys. DS-7300a exerted potent antitumor activities against B7-H3–expressing tumors in in vitro and in vivo models, including PDX mouse models, and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in nonclinical species. Therefore, DS-7300a may be effective in treating patients with B7-H3–expressing solid tumors in a clinical setting.


INTRODUCTION: Virtual reality (VR) intervention was found to be feasible in lower limb amputees (LLA). To best of our knowledge, only there is no randomized controlled trial available regarding the rehabilitation of LLA using VR. Evidence suggest that more researches for amputee rehabilitation using VR is warranted. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of VR therapy as an additional therapeutic adjunct with physical therapy protocol on limits of stability and postural stability, pain and quality of life among LLA. METHODS: A total of 100 LLA will be recruited by the simple random sampling (random number generator) from JPN Apex Trauma Centre, AIIMS to participate in randomized controlled trial. Recruited LLA will be randomly divided into two groups, virtual reality therapy along with physical therapy protocol (VRT-PTP) group and physical therapy protocol (PTP) group. Duration of the treatment will be 30 minutes in one session/day for 4 days/week for 3 weeks. Thus, each LLA will receive 12 sessions in total. The Biodex Balance System for measuring dynamic balance, NPRS for pain and quality of life by WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) are the outcome measures will be recorded at baseline, end of 3-week post-intervention period. The follow-up will be taken at 6th and 9th week after enrollment. RESULTS: Normality of the collected data will be confirmed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical significance within and between the groups will be determined. Effect size and power analysis will be performed. CONCLUSION: This study will present data for the efficacy of the VRT in improving balance and gait in addition to PTP.


Adult male unanesthetized rats, reared on a diet enriched in both α‐linolenic acid (α‐LNA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were infused intravenously for 5 min with [1‐14C]α‐LNA. Timed arterial samples were collected until the animals were killed at 5 min and the brain was removed after microwaving. Plasma and brain lipid concentrations and radioactivities were measured. Within plasma lipids, > 99% of radioactivity was in the form of unchanged [1‐14C]α‐LNA. Eighty‐six per cent of brain radioactivity at 5 min was present as β‐oxidation products, whereas the remainder was mainly in 'stable' phospholipid or triglyceride as α‐LNA or DHA. Equations derived from kinetic modeling demonstrated that unesterified unlabeled α‐LNA rapidly enters brain from plasma, but that its incorporation into brain phospholipid and triglyceride, as in the form of synthesized DHA, is ≤ 0.2% of the amount that enters the brain. Thus, in rats fed a diet containing large amounts of both α‐LNA and DHA, the α‐LNA that enters brain from plasma largely undergoes β‐oxidation, and is not an appreciable source of DHA within brain phospholipids.


Emergence of chip multiprocessor systems has dramatically increased the performance potential of computer systems. Since the amount of exploited parallelism is directly influenced by the selection of the algorithm, algorithmic choice also plays a critical role in achieving high performance on modern architectures. Hence, in the era of multicore computing, it is important to re-evaluate algorithms efficiency for key problem domains. This paper investigates the impact of algorithmic choice on the perfor mance of parallel implementations of the integral knapsack problem on multicore architectures. The study considers two algorithms and their parallel implementations, and examines several aspects of performance including speedup


This objective of this study is to determine the core competence of PT. Kanaya, a family business in the province of Jakarta. This descriptive research was held from June to November 2017 using qualitative approach to identify the core competence of the company and its position among closest competitors so the company can develop their future strategy. This study uses VRIO Framework with DNA Growth Family Businesses approach to identify the company's core competence and Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) to benchmark its key factors with its closest competitors resulting from VRIO. The conclusion is that PT. Kanaya has 20 company advantages that can be generalized to 11 key factors. Furthermore, the benchmarking indicates that the company has a marginal advantage over its competitors. To achieve greater advantage, the company's CSR activities should be relevant to their business operation, such as mangrove and coral cultivation, since the company works in marine field. The company should also increase their preference to environmentally friendly technology, such as the use of energy efficient and environmentally friendly ships. Keywords: family business, VRIO framework, CPM, DNA growth family businesses, qualitative


Background The arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) for the rheumatoid hand was first described in 1940 by using vitallium prosthesis. After that, metallic hinge type, ball & socket type, surface replacement type and different type of prostheses are being developed, but none of these has been shown so far to be superior to the silastic implant, especially Swanson implant. Objectives In the silastic implants, Swanson arthroplasty is referred to as the gold standard. The AVANTA silastic implant was also based on the concept of "piston effect" and "encapsulation" as the Swanson implant1). The purpose of this investigation was to compare the clinical outcome of Swanson and AVANTA silastic implant arthroplasty of the MCP joints for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods A total of 48 Swanson and 70 AVANTA implants were inserted in 38 hands of 34 patients (1 man, 33 women). The mean age of patients at the surgery was 61.9 ± 4.8 years in Swanson group and 61.0 ± 6.2 years in AVANTA group. The average follow-up period was 60.7 ± 20.5 and 21.3 ± 9.1 months in Swanson and AVANTA group, respectively. Pre- and post-operative clinical evaluations included active MCP extension and flexion, grip strength, pinch, ulnar deviation, osteolytic or sclerotic change in the radiograph, Health Assessment Questionnaire(HAQ), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand(DASH) score. Statistical analysis were done using Mann-Whitney U test. Results The mean postoperative active extension was -13.3° ± 16.2° in Swanson group, -10.7° ± 10.2° in AVANTA group (p=0.72), and flexion was 58.6° ± 19.8° in Swanson group, 59.3° ± 21.5° in AVANTA group (p=0.78). According to the Parkkila's criteria2), the GradeII and more radiographic osteolysis was seen in 29% of Swanson group and 25% of AVANTA group. The GradeI and more radiographic sclerosis was seen in 73% of Swanson group and 69% of AVANTA group. The functional scores at the final follow-up were 1.4 ± 0.7 and 1.2 ± 0.8 (p=0.48) for HAQ-disability index and 54.9 ± 21.6 and 41.8 ± 21.6 (p=0.12) for DASH disability score in Swanson group and AVANTA group, respectively. There were three implant fractures in Swanson group. No patients had revision surgery during follow-up period. Conclusions The AVANTA groups tend to obtain greater range of motion and better functional outcome, but there was not statistically significant difference between two groups. Implant fractures in the Swanson group might be associated with the silastic mechanical property and the longer follow-up period. References Swanson, A.B. Flexible implant arthroplasty for arthritic finger joints: rationale, technique and results of treatment. J Bone Joint Surg 1972; 54A: 435-455 Parkkila TJ, Belt EA, Hakala M, et al. Grading of radiographic osteolytic changes after silastic metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty and a prospective trial of osteolysis following use of Swanson and Sutter prostheses. J Hand Surg Br 2005; 30(4): 382-387 Disclosure of Interest None Declared


Abstract A multi-centre randomised open trial was done to determine whether moderate oral fluid restriction or intravenous fluid at full maintenance volumes would result in a better outcome for children with bacterial meningitis in Papua New Guinea, and what clinical signs could guide fluid management. Children with clinical signs and cerebrospinal fluid suggestive of bacterial meningitis received either breast milk by nasogastric tube at 60% of normal maintenance volumes (n=172) or intravenous half-normal saline and 5% dextrose at 100% of normal maintenance volumes (n=174) for the 1st 48 hrs of treatment. An adverse outcome was death or severe neurological sequelae, and a good outcome was defined as intact survival or survival with at worst mild-to-moderate neurological sequelae. The probability of an adverse outcome was 24.7% in the intravenous group and 33.1% in the oral-restricted group, but the difference was not statistically significant (RR 0.75, 0.53-1.04, p=0.08). Sunken eyes or reduced skin turgor at presentation were risk factors for an adverse outcome (OR 5.70, 95% CI 2.87-11.29) and were most strongly associated with adverse outcome in the fluid-restricted group. Eyelid oedema during treatment was also a risk factor for an adverse outcome (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36-4.75) and eyelid oedema was much more common in the intravenous group (26%) than in the restricted group (5%). For many children with bacterial meningitis in less developed countries, moderate fluid restriction is unnecessary and will be harmful; a normal state of hydration should be achieved but over-hydration should be avoided. Giving 100% of normal maintenance fluids, especially with intravenous hypotonic fluid, will lead to oedema in up to one quarter of children with bacterial meningitis. If additional intravenous fluids are required for children with meningitis, an isotonic solution should be used.


Background Mangifera indica is widely used in the Homoeopathy systems of medicine. In Homoeopathy, Mang. ind. is one of the indicated medicines for passive haemorrhages, uterine, renal and gastric problems. Mangiferin is a xanthanoid present in leaves, stalks barks, peel and kernel of the mango plant. Mangiferin has antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and analgesic properties. Therefore in the current study, we have tried to identify mangiferin and its antioxidant properties in Mang. ind. homoeopathic mother tincture. Objective The aim of the present study wais to identify Mangiferin, Total Phenol Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in Mang. ind. homoeopathic mother tincture. Materials and Methods Mangiferin (A) was used as a primary reference standard and in sample In-house prepared mother tincture (B) and two different market samples (C and D) were used. An authentic sample of Mang. ind. bark was received from the Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Emerald, Tamil Nadu, India for preparation of in house mother tincture. Results We have successfully identified Mangiferin in Mang. ind. in-house prepared mother tincture (B) and two market samples (C and D) by HPTLC. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) was determined by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Conclusion High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography study confirms the presence of Mangiferin whereas U. V spectroscopy proves to be a useful tool for in-vitro antioxidant assay study. Acknowledgments and Source of Funding


Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr. Emma Rasiel for invaluable advice on everything from financial theory to proper academic writing; this research would not have been possible without her consistent and patient help. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Lori Leachman for her input on econometric techniques and macroeconomic concerns. Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Ted Bos (University of Alabama at Birmingham) for his help in locating and citing scarce data sources. Abstract We show that the determinants of mortgage borrowing and other forms of consumer credit differ: borrowers tend to consider asset holdings when taking out a mortgage, but focus on short-term economic expectations when borrowing other consumer credit. We hypothesize that this " mortgage wealth effect " occurs in part due to a borrower's ability to collateralize real estate assets, and a growing perception of the house as an investment as well as a residence. Further, we propose that this wealth effect contributed to an increase in mortgage debt from the 1970s forward, and that legislative changes and the growth of securitization in the 1990s magnified this effect.


The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of different fabricated mountages viz., spiral mountage, square mountage and zig-zag mountage in comparison with Thalaghattapura ribbon chandrike, plastic collapsible mountage and bamboo mountage on various cocoon reeling parameters by using two different silkworm hybrids viz., the cross breed (CB) (PM x CSR2) and the double hybrid (DH) (Krishnaraja) and data were recorded on various cocoon reeling parameters. The study results revealed that, average filament length (AFL) was significantly longest in square mountage (890.51 m) and shortest in bamboo mountage (862.27 m) for CB and the AFL was found non-significant for DH; non breakable filament length (NBFL) was found non significant in CB and it was significantly longer in spiral mountage (449.56 m) and shorter in plastic mountage (428.83 m) for DH; filament weight was significantly maximum in square mountage and ribbon chandrike (0.287 g) and it was minimum in plastic mountage (0.252 g) for CB and the DH exhibited non-significant difference for filament weight; raw silk percentage was found non-significant for both CB and DH; significantly higher denier was found in square mountage (2.90) which was coarser denier and finer denier was found in zig-zag mountage (2.61) for CB and the denier was found non-significant for DH. The spiral, square and zigzag mountages have exhibited good results when compared to bamboo and plastic collapsible mountage. K e y w o r d s


Background and Objectives Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as cathelicidins have a well known role in the immune defence against pathogens. In the last years a contributory impact of AMPs was also reported in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, the aim of this project was to examine the impact of cathelicidins on the pathogenesis of lupus and arthritis using animal models and sera from patients. Methods Pristane-induced lupus (PIL) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 500 µl pristane (2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethyl-pentadecane) in female C57BL/6 WT and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP-/-) mice. Autoantibody levels of anti-Sm/RNP, anti-dsDNA and anti-histone were measured via ELISA, serum cytokine levels were determined via FlowCytomixTM Multiplex. Pathological changes in lungs and kidneys isolated from mice at day 14 and 180 after pristane injection were analysed by histology. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in male WT and CRAMP-/-mice and arthritis severity was visually scored. Histomorphometrical analysis was done by OsteoMeasureTM software and included parameters of inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone erosion. Serum LL-37 and anti-LL-37 levels were measured by ELISA in healthy donors and patients with SLE, RA, and Sjögren syndrome. Results No differences in the serum-levels of anti-Sm/RNP, anti-dsDNA, and anti-histone autoantibodies or of various cytokines could be observed between WT and CRAMP-/- mice after pristane-injection. Furthermore, the lung and kidney pathology did not differ between WT and CRAMP-deficient mice. Onset of CIA was slightly delayed in CRAMP-/- mice, but at later time points, arthritis incidence or severity was not higher in WT mice compared to CRAMP-/-. Histomorphometry revealed no differences between WT and CRAMP-/- mice. Although serum levels of anti-LL-37 were significantly higher in patients with SLE compared to healthy donors or patients with RA or Sjögren´s syndrome, no correlation to levels of type I Interferons or to disease activity could be observed. Conclusions: Although levels of cathelicidins were upregulated in mouse models of lupus and arthritis, cathelicidin-deficiency did not persistently affect the course of the diseases. Also in patients with SLE, we did not find any evidence that autoantibodies against cathelicidins directly influence disease activity or severity. Reactivity against cathelicidins in lupus and arthritis could thus be an epiphenomenon caused by extensive overexpression in blood and affected tissues. In addition, other cationic AMPs could functionally compensate for the deficiency of cathelicidins.


Ice-active substances (IASs), i.e., macromolecular substances that modify the shape of growing ice crystals, were previously found to be associated with various terrestrial and aquatic photosynthetic organisms from Antarctica, but their chemical nature and function are unknown. In this study, we used the ice-binding properties of the IASs to semipurify IASs from a cyanobacterial mat, a eukaryotic green alga (Prasiola sp.), and a moss (Bryum sp.) and examined the ice recrystallization inhibition (RI) activities of the semipure materials. The semipure materials contain both protein and carbohydrate in which the carbohydrate accounted for 73, 52, and 37%, respectively, of the total carbohydrate + protein. The IASs had RI activity at concentrations of 1.4, 0.05, and 0.01 microg ml-1, respectively. RI activity was greatly reduced by heat treatment, suggesting that the IASs inhibit recrystallization through a specific interaction with ice. These results raise the possibility that the IASs increase freezing tolerance of their respective organisms by preventing the recrystallization of ice.


Ad hoc networks are a new paradigm of wireless communication for mobile hosts. Security is an important issue for ad hoc networks, especially for those security-sensitive applications. The salient features of ad hoc networks pose both challenges and opportunities in achieving security goals. One such goal is to consider not only malicious attacks launched from outside a network, but also take into account the attacks from within the network by compromised nodes. Various ways are possible to overcome vulnerabilities in Wireless Ad hoc Networks from attacks and threats. One of the most widely used solution is designing an intrusion detection system (IDS) that suites the security needs and characteristics of ad hoc networks for effective and efficient performance against intrusions. This paper investigates the serious and harmful attack, "denial of service" (DoS) that exhibit in multiple forms across different layers of protocol stack. To defend against this attack, we propose a novel approach "cross layer based intrusion detection system"(CIDS) that performs accurate diagnosis of malicious attacks by analyzing the pattern of trace files, overcome the demerits such as false positives present in traditional IDS, thereby providing secure communication between nodes that communicate with each other to route the traffic from source to destination and also increase the efficiency of the network performance. The simulations conducted in ns2 and proved that our work achieved high performance with fewer overheads.


In the context of initial teacher training courses, and more particularly in the Frenchspeaking part of Belgium, this contribution attempts to answer the question: how to characterize the construction of the supervisor's evaluative judgment during the co-assessment interview? To answer this question, we conducted an exploratory study. This is a multicase study based on two co-evaluation interviews conducted by two supervisors from the same training institute. The results show that the process is dynamic and iterative, taking into account a series of partial and provisional judgments in order to construct the final evaluative judgment that meets the characteristics of professional judgment in evaluation.
Keywords: traineeship, supervisor, co-assessment, professional judgment in evaluation


Over a four-year period 40 patients of local origin, with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were seen at a regional referral centre. Twenty-nine patients had histological evidence of underlying cirrhosis and these patients were predominantly male (25/29) and elderly (mean age 66 years). Serological evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was found in 11 (38 per cent) of the cirrhotic group. Of the 25 males with cirrhosis, 13 (52 per cent) were known to have seen military service in the tropics and of these eight had serum HBV markers. The non-cirrhotic group was younger (mean age 55 years) and the sex distribution was nearly equal (six male, five female). Two patients (19 per cent) had hepatitis B markers including one of the two men in this group who had served in the tropics. One patient with no serum HBV markers had integrated HBV-DNA sequences in the cellular DNA of her tumour. These observations confirm the association of primary hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus and suggest that a significant proportion of patients of United Kingdom origin acquired their susceptibility as a result of military service in the tropics. There is presumably a substantial cohort of ex-service men at risk of developing primary hepatocellular carcinoma.


Temperature and velocity data have been collected from surface moorings at 0°, 110°W for over 10 years as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) program. These are the longest continuous moored time series records in the world ocean. Contour plots of gridded temperature and zonal velocity from this data set for the decade of the 1980s are shown on the cover. Measurements were originally recorded at 15-min intervals and have been smoothed with a 51-day Hanning filter to approximately monthly averages for this presentation. White blanking indicates a data gap, except that velocity was not measured above 10 m at any time or below 200 m after late 1987. Positive (negative) zonal velocities indicated eastward (westward) flow.


These examinations are based on the knowledge that mercury-in-rubber strain gauge method for venous occlusion plethysmography is suitable for measuring the venous capacity and venous return. This research reports on the value of this method in diagnostics. The results are as follows: the venous capacity decreases markedly in the group of patients with deep vein occlusions of the legs. However, it is not possible, basing on the measurements, to differentiate between occlusions above and those below the knee. The same applies to multiple occlusions in the same vein meaning that venous occlusions in the deep veins of the lower limb cannot be examined separately. The results of a single patient are mostly but not always similar to those of this corresponding group. Therefore venous occlusion plethysmography does not have the same diagnostic value as phlebography in deep vein occlusions for the individual patient.


PREMISE OF THE STUDY
The family Magnoliaceae s.l. is a basal angiosperm family with two subfamilies-Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae, which differ by the types and structure of their fruits and seeds. The late Albian genus Archaeanthus shares many features of its reproductive organs with Magnoliaceae s.l., but its pericarp anatomy was never studied in detail. A broad-scale carpological investigation of Archaeanthus and Magnoliaceae s.l. was undertaken to reveal the nature of the similarities in fruit structure and to reconstruct Archaeanthus pericarp anatomy. These data are important to determine the early stages of fruit morphogenesis and thus to clarify relationships of Archaeanthus to the taxa of Magnoliaceae s.l.

METHODS
The pericarp anatomy was studied with light microscopy, SEM, and polarizing microscopy.

KEY RESULTS
The dehiscent, polyspermous follicles shed from the receptacle of Archaeanthus share similarities with dehiscent follicles of Magnoliaceae s.s. and shedding nutlets of Liriodendron. The seeds of Archaeanthus are dorsiventrally flattened, ovoid, and encircled with a single circular wing. The pericarps of all the taxa studied are differentiated into exocarp (epidermis), multilayered mesocarp, and endocarp (fiber-like sclereids). The mesocarp consists of parenchyma with scattered secretory cells and sclereid clusters (Magnoliaceae s.s., Archaeanthus) or composed by sclerenchyma (Liriodendron).

CONCLUSIONS
The specializations of dehiscent multifollicles of unknown Cretaceous ancestors for different modes of seed and fruitlet dispersal formed the basis for the differentiation of two evolutionary lines with their divergence occurring more than 100 million years ago: Magnoliaceae s.s. and the Archaeanthus-Liriodendroidea-Liriodendron line (Liriodendraceae s.l.) within the order Magnoliales.


Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a new therapeutic strategy to treat congenital and acquired respiratory system diseases. We describe a case report of an 18-month-old male patient with progressive chronic respiratory failure, associated with mutations of the surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC) due to c.289G > T variant p.Gly97Ser (rs927644577) and c.176A > G variant (p.His59Arg), submitted to repeated intravenous infusions of allogeneic bone marrow (BM) MSCs. The clinical condition of the patient was monitored. Immunologic studies before and during MSC treatment were performed. No adverse events related to the MSC infusions were recorded. Throughout the MSC treatment period, the patient showed a growth recovery. Starting the second infusion, the patient experienced an improvement in his respiratory condition, with progressive adaptation to mechanical ventilation. After the third infusion, five hours/die of spontaneous breathing was shown, and after infusion IV, spontaneous ventilation for 24/24 h was recorded. A gradual decrease of lymphocytes and cell subpopulations was observed. No variations in the in vitro T cell response to PHA were determined by MSC treatment as well as for the in vitro B cell response. A decrease in IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels was also detected. Even though we cannot exclude an improvement of pulmonary function due to the physiological maturation, the well-known action of MSCs in the repair of lung tissue, together with the sequence of events observed in our patient, may support the therapeutic role of MSCs in this clinical condition. However, further investigations are necessary to confirm the result and long-term follow-up will be mandatory to confirm the benefits on the pulmonary condition.


119991, Russia Abstract Many publications and major population studies have been devoted to the problem of combination of two or more functional disorders (FD) of digestive organs. The Rome Consensus IV applies the term "overlapping of FD" to cases of combinations within a single organ and stresses that the irritable bowel syndrome in any form should rather be regarded as a "continuum of different clinical variants" according to modern ideas. As a possible explanation for the existence of the overlap of FD the increase of visceral hypersensitivity, the expansion of the hypersensitivity zone, the progression of motor disorders are con-sidered. With a combination of FD the number and intensity of complaints increases, the quality of life indicators decrease, the average number of concomitant somatic symptoms and drugs taken increases. Functional dyspepsia is more common in combinations of FD. At the same time, postprandial distress syndrome is more often combined with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, epigastric pain syndrome with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, and endoscopic-negative gastro-esopha-geal reflux disease. In addition to food components, a special role in the development of visceral sensitization is given to the persistence of inflammation after infection, gluten exposure, disorders of the intestinal microbiome, conditions of depression and anxiety. When two or more digestive organ FDs combine, it is advisable to choose the methods of treatment aimed at eliminating the action of intraluminal stimuli and the formation of моно-and secretion are used, the choice of which is determined by the clinical version of the course, probiotics, as well as the means that affect the state of the central nervous system. When two or more digestive organ FDs combine, it is advisable to choose medications that affect their general pathogenetic mechanisms.


Abstract The article aims to estimate and forecast the transmissibility of shigellosis and explore the association of meteorological factors with shigellosis. The mathematical model named Susceptible–Exposed–Symptomatic/Asymptomatic–Recovered–Water/Food (SEIARW) was used to explore the feature of shigellosis transmission based on the data of Wuhan City, China, from 2005 to 2017. The study applied effective reproduction number (Reff) to estimate the transmissibility. Daily meteorological data from 2008 to 2017 were used to determine Spearman's correlation with reported new cases and Reff. The SEIARW model fit the data well (χ2 = 0.00046, p > 0.999). The simulation results showed that the reservoir-to-person transmission of the shigellosis route has been interrupted. The Reff would be reduced to a transmission threshold of 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.19) in 2035. Reducing the infectious period to 11.25 days would also decrease the value of Reff to 0.99. There was a significant correlation between new cases of shigellosis and atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed and sun hours per day. The correlation coefficients, although statistically significant, were very low (<0.3). In Wuhan, China, the main transmission pattern of shigellosis is person-to-person. Meteorological factors, especially daily atmospheric pressure and temperature, may influence the epidemic of shigellosis.


This work introduces a new efficient method for the postsynthetic modification of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). Osmium catalysis of hollow CMP (H-CMP) in the presence of NaClO3 resulted in the conversion of alkynes in the skeleton of CMPs to dicarbonyl groups to form H-CMP-DC. Through controlling the reaction time, the carbonylation degree of H-CMP could be managed, maintaining hollow morphology. We verified the benefits of carbonyl groups in H-CMP-DC in the removal of Cr(VI) from water. Imination of H-CMP-DC resulted in amine-rich H-CMP (H-CMP-A), which showed enhanced adsorption performance toward Cr(VI) in water with qmax up to 73 mg/g, compared with the H-CMP and H-CMP-DC. The H-CMP-A could be recycled at least five times, maintaining its original adsorption ability.


BACKGROUND
Preliminary research indicates that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may display both anti- and proatherosclerotic properties. Because the varying radiodensities of selected human tissues assessed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has been shown to reflect differences in biological characteristics, the present study investigated the hypothesis that the proatherosclerotic properties of EAT may be linked to its radiodensity.

METHODS AND RESULTS
The study included 164 consecutive patients (82 females, mean age 58.8±11.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing MDCT coronary angiography. Coronary atherosclerosis was defined as: (1) CAD (ie, presence of at least 1 coronary stenosis ≥50%) and (2) coronary artery calcium (CAC) determined by Agatston score. EAT radiodensity was assessed by MDCT and averaged 81.00±4.64 HU (Hounsfield unit (HU) scale). Mean CAC score was 96.0±220.0. Patients with CAD (n=36) showed higher EAT radiodensity than patients without CAD (78.99±4.12 vs. -81.57±4.64 HU, P<0.01). In the multivariable model, only EAT radiodensity and age were independently associated with CAD (odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95%confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.28; OR 1.08, 95%CI 1.04-1.12; respectively). EAT radiodensity also correlated with CAC score (r=0.23, P<0.01). EAT radiodensity (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), sex (P=0.03), and past smoking (P<0.01) were independent correlates of CAC in the multivariable linear regression model.

CONCLUSIONS
Increased EAT radiodensity is independently associated with coronary atherosclerosis, which may reflect the unfavorable, proatherosclerotic metabolic properties of more radiodense epicardial fat.


Many symptoms of anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder are elicited by fearful mental imagery. Yet little is known about how visual imagery of conditioned stimuli (CSs) affects the acquisition of differential fear conditioning. Across three experiments with younger human adults (Experiment 1: n = 33, Experiment 2: n = 27, Experiment 3: n = 26), we observed that participants acquired differential fear conditioning to both viewed and imagined percepts serving as the CSs, as measured via self-reported fear and skin conductance responses. Additionally, this differential conditioning generalized across CS-percept modalities such that differential conditioning acquired in response to visual percepts generalized to the corresponding imagined percepts and vice versa. This is novel evidence that perceived and imagined stimuli engage learning processes in very similar ways and is consistent with the theory that mental imagery is depictive and recruits neural resources shared with visual perception. Our findings also provide new insight into the mechanisms of anxiety and related disorders.


The BET (bromodomain and extraterminal) protein family members including BRD4 bind to acetylated lysines on the histone proteins, help assemble transcriptional regulators at the target gene promoters and enhancers, and regulate the expression of important oncogenes, e.g., Myc and BCL-2. Here we determined the effects of the BET protein inhibitor JQ1 and/or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat (PS) on cultured (JeKo1 and MO2058) and primary human MCL cells harvested from the excised MCL involved lymph nodes. Treatment with JQ1 (100 to 2000 nM), but not its inactive enantiomer (R-JQ1), dose-dependently increased the % of cells in the G1 phase while reducing the % of S phase cells, while concomitantly inducing apoptosis in the cultured (MO2058 > JeKo1) MCL cells. Treatment with JQ1 was also dose-dependently lethal against primary MCL cells. JQ1 treatment reduced binding of BRD4 and RNA polymerase II to the DNA of MYC, BCL2 and CDK6 promoter in JeKo1 and MO2058 cells. Total RNA from the untreated and JQ1-treated cells was used for the quantitative PCR analysis, which showed depletion of the mRNA of c-MYC, BCL2 and CDK6 genes in JQ1-treated cells. While it had no effect on acetylated histone H3 and BRD4, JQ1 treatment dose-dependently depleted the protein levels of MYC, BCL2, CDK6 and pSer2 RNA POL II, but induced the levels of p21, p27 and cleaved PARP in MCL cells. As compared to each agent alone, co-treatment with JQ1 (but not its inactive enantiomer, R-JQ1) and panobinostat (PS) synergistically induced apoptosis of the cultured and primary MCL cells (combination indices 10 fold resistant), which were isolated following selection under a continuous exposure to increasing levels of carfilzomib. Following the tail vein infusion and engraftment of JeKo1 cells (5 million cells/mouse) in the bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID mice, co-treatment with JQ1 (50 mg/kg/day, formulated in 10% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, administered IP) and PS (5 mg/kg, IP) versus treatment with vehicle control, or JQ1 or PS alone, resulted in significant in vivo attenuation of c-MYC, BCL-2 and cyclin D1 levels in the harvested MCL cells from the mice (p < 0.01). Collectively, these pre-clinical findings demonstrate that the combined treatment with BRD4 antagonist and pan-HDAC inhibitor is a synergistically effective epigenetic therapy targeted against human MCL cells, regardless of their sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors.

Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A124.

Citation Format: Bhavin Shah, Laxmi Jakkula, Warren Fiskus, Sunil Sharma, Jun Qi, John A. Valenta, Leasha J. Schaub, Melissa Rodriguez, Santhana G.T. Devaraj, James E. Bradner, Kapil N. Bhalla. Co-treatment with BRD4 antagonist and histone deacetylase inhibitor is synergistically lethal against Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A124.


Permafrost zonation in Labrador–Ungava ranges from very isolated patches through to continuous permafrost. Here we present a new estimate of the distribution of permafrost at high resolution (250 m × 250 m) using spatial numerical modelling supported by station data from 29 air and ground climate monitoring stations. Permafrost presence was estimated using a modified version of the temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP) model. Mean ground surface temperatures were modelled using gridded air temperatures and a novel n-factor parameterization scheme that compensates for regional differences in continentality, snowfall, and land cover and is transferable to other Subarctic environments. The thermal offset was modelled using land cover and surficial material datasets. Predicted TTOP values for the average climate range regionally from −9 °C (for high elevations in northern Quebec) to +5 °C (for southeastern Labrador – Quebec). Modelling for specific temporal windows (1948–1962, 1982–1996, 2000–2014) suggests that permafrost area increased from the middle of the 20th century to a potential peak extent (36% of the total land area) in the 1990s. Subsequent warming is predicted to have caused a decrease in permafrost extent of one-quarter (95 000 km2), even if air temperatures rise no further, providing air and ground temperatures equilibrate. Zonal boundaries derived by upscaling the high-resolution model are highly scale dependent, precluding direct comparison with the Permafrost Map of Canada that was generated without the use of geographic information system based analyses.


OBJECTIVE
Adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) and substance use disorders (SUD) have higher rates of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than those without CD and SUD. Comorbid ADHD may contribute to more severe SUD. Treatment of ADHD may enhance effective treatment of substance abuse and behavior problems, yet there are few data regarding pharmacological treatment of ADHD in such youths.

METHOD
Pilot data are presented from a 5-week, open-label bupropian trial in 13 nondepressed adolescent boys in a residential treatment program focusing on substance and behavioral treatments. All had diagnoses of ADHD, CD, and SUD. Patients' doses were titrated to a maximum fixed daily dose of 300 mg of bupropion. The Conners Hyperactivity Index and Daydream Attention scores, along with Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Illness (CGI-S) ratings, were obtained at baseline and at the fifth week of treatment.

RESULTS
Subjects' mean Conners Hyperactivity Index score declined from 75.5 to 65.4 (p < .01, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (13% decline). The mean Daydream Attention score declined from 59.5 to 53.6 (p < .02, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (10% decline). Mean CGI-S declined from 4.9 to 3.0 (p < .002, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (39% decline).

CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary data suggest that bupropion may be a useful treatment for ADHD in adolescents with CD and SUD; they suggest the need for a controlled trial of bupropion in such youths.


A Nion spherical-aberration (Cs) corrector was recently installed on Lehigh University's 300-keV cold field-emission gun (FEG) Vacuum Generators HB 603 dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), optimized for X-ray analysis of thin specimens. In this article, the impact of the Cs-corrector on X-ray analysis is theoretically evaluated, in terms of expected improvements in spatial resolution and analytical sensitivity, and the calculations are compared with initial experimental results. Finally, the possibilities of atomic-column X-ray analysis in a Cs-corrected STEM are discussed.


Background Flow cytometry (FC) HLA-B27 typing is still used extensively for the diagnosis of spondyloarthropathies. If patient blood samples are stored for a prolonged duration, this testing can be performed in a batch manner, and in-house cellular controls could easily be procured. In this study, we investigated various methods of storing patient blood samples. Methods We compared four storage methods: three methods of analyzing lymphocytes (whole blood stored at room temperature, frozen mononuclear cells, and frozen white blood cells [WBCs] after lysing red blood cells [RBCs]), and one method using frozen platelets (FPLT). We used three ratios associated with mean fluorescence intensities (MFI) for HLAB27 assignment: the B27 MFI ratio (sample/control) for HLA-B27 fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC); the B7 MFI ratio for HLA-B7 phycoerythrin (PE); and the ratio of these two ratios, B7/B27 ratio. Results Comparing the B27 MFI ratios of each storage method for the HLA-B27+ samples and the B7/B27 ratios for the HLA-B7+ samples revealed that FPLT was the best of the four methods. FPLT had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99.3% for HLA-B27 assignment in DNA-typed samples (N=164) when the two criteria, namely, B27 MFI ratio >4.0 and B7/B27 ratio <1.5, were used. Conclusions The FPLT method was found to offer a simple, economical, and accurate method of FC HLA-B27 typing by using stored patient samples. If stored samples are used, this method has the potential to replace the standard FC typing method when used in combination with a complementary DNA-based method.


A statewide survey of public and private schools was conducted to determine the prevalence of adoptees among children classified for educational purposes as neurologically impaired (NI), perceptually impaired (PI), or emotionally disturbed (ED). Results indicated that adopted children were overrepresented in these special education populations, accounting for 6.7% of NI students, 5.4% of PI students, and 7.2% of ED students. Implications of the findings for educational and clinical intervention are discussed.


The dorsal pancreatic artery (DP) and an accessory right hepatic artery (AcRH) passing behind the portal vein were investigated in 98 Japanese specimens. The dorsal pancreatic artery was identified in 87 specimens (88.8%). This artery has been found to yield the following 6 branches: (1) an inferior pancreatic artery (left branch, 83.9%); (2) a right branch-1 that serves as the prepancreatic arcade in front of the pancreas (77.0%); (3) an uncinate branch that distributes to the uncinate process (60.9%); (4) a head branch that distributes from the dorsal side of the pancreas to the head of the pancreas (newly defined in the present study, 60.9%); (5) a right branch-4 that distributes superior to the dorsal part of the pancreatic neck (39.1%); and (6) a right branch-5 that communicates with the posterior pancreaticoduodenal arcade (21.8%). In some cases, the above six branches are formed separately, i.e., two (18.4%) or three (5.7%) dorsal pancreatic arteries are present. The parent artery of the DP was the superior mesenteric artery (SM; 55.0%), accounting for 45.0% of the entire celiac trunk. An accessory right hepatic artery was identified in 18 specimens (18.4%). In cases where the AcRH originated from the entire celiac trunk (5 specimens, 27.8%), it always formed a common trunk with the DP. On the other hand, when the AcRH derived from the SM (13 specimens, 72.2%), it formed a common trunk with the DP 6 of the specimens (33.3%), independent branching was observed in 6 specimens (33.3%). And a common trunk with the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery was observed in one specimen (5.6%). The dorsal pancreatic artery was considered to supply not only the AcRH but also other pathways that form more complicated variations such as an accessory middle colic artery.


Project delivery is a significant area of concern and is subject to several risks throughout Plan Development Process (PDP). These risks are attributed to major areas of project development, such as environmental analysis, right-of-way (ROW) acquisition, utilities coordination, third-party agreements, etc. The major challenge for Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) is that the risks can negatively impact the project outcomes as cost overrun and schedule delay. However, if these risks could be identified early in the concept and scope development processes, their respective negative impacts on project outcomes could be reduced. The research objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive guidebook that advances the adoption of risk analysis tools in GDOT, in order to expedite project delivery. To achieve the research objective, various project risk management processes developed by different organizations were reviewed. Furthermore, current practice of risk management in different state DOTs were studied. Several state DOTs were surveyed and interviewed regarding their risk management programs. The results indicate that typically state DOTs determine the level and methods of risk management based on project size and complexity of the project. The level of risk management may vary from a simple risk register to a complex quantitative analysis. Then, a semi-structured interview was conducted with nine subject matter experts at GDOT. The key factors that influence risk management practices within GDOT were explored. The results were analyzed and a model explaining the current risk management practice and future needs was developed. A comprehensive list of potential risks for transportation projects was developed based on reviewing the academic/professional literature, current state of practice in risk management among leading state DOTs, and current state of practice of GDOT. During several meetings with higher level risk management experts at GDOT, the most important risks were indented and a short list of major potential risks was developed for each office at GDOT. Finally, a software tool specifically designed for identification and qualitative assessment of highway project risks during the pre-construction phase of the project was developed based on the shortlisted risk factors. The software program is equipped with the modification capability of adding new risk items and/or removing some of the predetermined risk factors from the assessment.


Introduces an important topic that has remained for many years as a problem in the Cuban economy. It's content explains why the liquidity is a variable to follow by the executives of the enterprises; the consequences of the lacks of liquidity, and the root causes of the problems in relation with scarce fluently of collecting and payment relationships. It was done by a group of professionals from Holguin Province.


ABSTRACT Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the application of organoids to developmental biology, biomedical and translational studies. Organoids are large structures with high phenotypic complexity and are imaged on a wide range of platforms, from simple benchtop stereoscopes to high-content confocal-based imaging systems. The large volumes of images, resulting from hundreds of organoids cultured at once, are becoming increasingly difficult to inspect and interpret. Hence, there is a pressing demand for a coding-free, intuitive and scalable solution that analyses such image data in an automated yet rapid manner. Here, we present MOrgAna, a Python-based software that implements machine learning to segment images, quantify and visualize morphological and fluorescence information of organoids across hundreds of images, each with one object, within minutes. Although the MOrgAna interface is developed for users with little to no programming experience, its modular structure makes it a customizable package for advanced users. We showcase the versatility of MOrgAna on several in vitro systems, each imaged with a different microscope, thus demonstrating the wide applicability of the software to diverse organoid types and biomedical studies.


The purpose of our evaluation is to provide an example of how public health schools can use service-learning courses to teach students about health equity. By ensuring that the future workforce has a comprehensive understanding of regions such as the U.S./Mexico border, students will be better equipped to provide public health services. Specifically, our objectives were to (1) understand how student perceptions of the border evolve during the 1-week Border Health Service-Learning Institute (BHSLI) course and (2) understand how the service-learning experience impacted students' proposed personal and professional goals. Using BHSLI student journals collected over 9 years, we conducted a qualitative investigation to evaluate students' experiences of the service-learning course. Our findings suggest that BHSLI offered opportunities for advancing dialogue about health equity. Because BHSLI is immersive, it showed students a reality that they would not normally encounter. In reflecting on these new experiences, students were not only encouraged to question systems and policies but also made accountable to act upon the insights they gained. We found that BHSLI was a space for critical consciousness building, for shifting paradigms. Students learned how to intervene in real time to make change around public health issues. Service learning could be a practice-based solution to help public health students learn about health equity, especially in historically marginalized regions such as the U.S./Mexico border.


Traditional manufacturing techniques fade into the background, while manufacturing systems require using additive technologies for rapid adaptation to current demand and reduction of production cycle duration. Many large mechanical and aircraft engineering companies have already adopted additive manufacturing technologies in their future production strategy. The general concept of 3D printers on the basis of e-manufacturing principles is aimed at the integration of computer models of physical objects and processes. This change requires a big transformation of the enterprise business model, affecting either core or support activities. For instance, additive manufacturing could also change project management practices. This paper aims to identify how additive manifacturing could transform the project management function for the aerospace industry. Results show that projects could improve their performance by integrating additive manufacturing; however, project managers could adapt their approach to a new paradigm for lifecycle management and for leaner supply chain management in aerospace industry.


Many studies have examined whether citizens prefer direct or stealth democracy, or participatory democratic processes. This study adds to the emerging literature that instead examines the temporal aspect of citizens' process preferences. We use a survey with a probabilistic sample of the Finnish voting-age population (n = 1,906), which includes a measure of the extent to which citizens think democratic decision-making should maximize welfare today or ensure future well-being. Calling this dimension of democratic process preferences future-oriented political thinking, we demonstrate that people hold different but consistent views regarding the extent to which democratic politics should balance between present and future benefits. We find that future-oriented political thinking is linked to general time orientation, but the linkage varies across respondent groups. Politically sophisticated individuals are less future-oriented, suggesting that intense cognitive engagement with politics is linked with a focus on present-day politics rather than political investment in the future.


Part of the antihypertensive action of indapamide has been attributed to a direct inhibitory action on Ca2+ entry into vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study has been performed to identify the possible mechanisms involved. To this end the effect of indapamide on intracellular Ca2+ activity - [Ca2+]i - has been tested under control conditions and under conditions known to increase [Ca2+]i such as osmotic cell swelling (mimicking mechanical stress), depolarization (increase of extracellular K+ concentration) and oxidative stress (H2O2). Indapamide (10 micromol/l) was without effect on control [Ca2+]i, but significantly blunted the increase of [Ca2+]i following potassium-induced depolarization or following osmotic cell swelling. It did not significantly modify the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by H2O2. The effects on cell membrane potential induced by increased [K+], osmotic cell swelling, or H2O2 were not significantly modified by indapamide (10 micromol/l). Voltage-gated Ca2+ currents were not significantly modified by 10 micromol/l indapamide, but were significantly reduced by 100 micromol/l and blunted by 1 mmol/l. In conclusion, indapamide at high concentrations (100 micromol/l) inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, an effect which blunts the increase of [Ca2+]i during depolarization of the cell membrane at increased extracellular [K+] or osmotic stress. Whether these effects at high concentrations of indapamide are relevant to the antihypertensive action, however, cannot be established from these in vitro studies.


A patient with a large pituitary adenoma and visual field loss showed no significant change 6 weeks after transsphenoidal operation, but marked and abrupt improvement occurred at 10 weeks. The implications of this delayed improvement are discussed.


Information systems usually rank whole documents to identify which are answers. Howerver, may in some circumstances be more appropriate to rank fragments to identify which documents are answers. We consider methods of fragmenting and examine the retrieval effectiveness achieved by each method.


This paper describes the processing of a subset of data from the XII Population and Household Census for the Metropolitan Zane of the Mexico Valley with the purpose of establish and describe properties of population data. In order to analyze these population data a statistical classification technique known as cluster analysis (CA) is applied. The usefulness of CA in this case resides in solving the categorization problem with basic information that is often used in land planning and zonification of the urban space. With the objective of obtaining a classification of zones that reflects the interrelation of their variables, several clustering options are considered, with number of clusters going from 8 to 70, all of them created by the k-means procedure. Lastly, the results are presented along with maps.


In this study, we aimed to develop a headspace gas chromatography? ?mass spectrometry method for determining the total cyanide concentration in the forensic evidences. Total cyanide content of the samples was calculated based on the hydrogen cyanide gas concentration evaporated from the liquid sample in the headspace vial. Hexacyanoferrate(II) was used for the optimization of headspace oven temperature. We have found that iron?cyanide bonds were completely degraded after 0.2 mL of the sample was treated with 1 mL of 1 M sulfuric acid under the optimized headspace conditions where the temperature and the heating time were 120 ?C and 12.5 min, respectively. Satisfactory recovery results for both aqueous and blood samples were obtained. The method was linear in the range 0.05?10 ?g mL-1 of cyanide which was a suitable range for toxicological investigations. The proposed method was validated and applied to the post-mortem blood samples, drinking waters, and the other forensic evidences. The proposed method can easily be performed not only in the forensic laboratories, but in the related laboratories where the total cyanide analysis is a critical issue.


ABSTRACT In this article, we address the epistemological conflict inherent in the relationship between named languages and translanguaging theory. Following with interest Turnbull's (2016) reframing of foreign language education as bilingual education and García's (2017) response, we see the logic of this reframing, but we also acknowledge García's concern that the notion of deficit lies at the heart of language learning as it is commonly conceptualized, and this deficit construct sits uncomfortably within translanguaging epistemology. In the article, we draw on Bakhtin's (1981) dialogical theory of language, Thibault's (2011) distributed language view and the theoretical construct of desire as both a lack and an energy (Ahmed 2010) to suggest that the naming of languages needs to be incorporated into translanguaging theory in a way that acknowledges the social construct of 'named languages' as integral to the expansion of one's linguistic repertoire as a whole. We make this suggestion in order to help develop translanguaging theory from a subaltern to a majority theory. We further suggest that language education can play a significant role in furthering the translanguaging project.


To help clarify the complex association between negative childhood experiences and somatization, the authors examined the possible relationship between self-reported childhood sexual abuse, dysfunctional family background and several types of somatization in a nonclinical sample. Three anonymous questionnaires were completed by 202 female university students (average age 22 years). The findings confirm that severe or repeated childhood sexual victimization and a familial deficiency syndrome in childhood may be important in the pathogenesis of somatization.


A pulse power supply has been designed to support the development and evaluation of candidate propellants for an electrothermal chemical gun program at the Army Research, Development and Engineering Center. The flexibility needed for this evaluation is achieved through the modular design of the test fixture and power supply. The test fixture is composed of a plasma chamber and an instrumented combustion chamber interconnected by a convergent-divergent nozzle. The combustion chamber is terminated by an exhaust nozzle and overall thrust is measured. The volume of both chambers and nozzle configurations can be varied to optimize performance. A 10 mm gun tube is an option. The power supply is readily reconfigured to provide either an RLC or PFN (pulse forming network) discharge. Either configuration can store up to 34 kJ and provide a pulse between 0.5 and 2 ms. Load behavior and the effects of parasitic energy losses on circuit performance are presented. The results are compared with PSpice circuit models. >


Rice yield is still low in Nigeria despite the ecological advantages. Several challenges has been traced it production. The study intend to investigate if other rice producing nations are faced with similar challenges and at what magnitude and more importantly, what can be learn to improve the rice yield in Nigeria. Based on 2013/2014 survey, a total sample of 400 famers were randomly interviewed; 164 from Niger State of Nigeria and 236 from Hainan province of China. The study collate the perception of farmers to rice production constraints categorized into biotic, abiotic and socioeconomics. Biplot analysis was employed to examine multivariate pattern of their perceptions towards production constraints. The multivariate technique simultaneously displaying different yield levels and factor constraints in data matrix providing the inter-unit distances, variance and correlations of variables. According to the study, Niger state farmers identified socioeconomic constraint as the major factors to production and attributed it to lack of or insufficient investment while the Hainan farmers majorly identified abiotic constraints. The study also indicated that great potential remain to further improve rice yield in both regions especially in Nigeria given the appropriate investment on essential inputs. This study is of great use to extension officers more so, given the investment in Africa, policy makers take advantage of the bilateral and multilateral relationship to invest ease transfer of agricultural information and technologies between or among partners.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting suspicious vertical root fractures (VRF) of molars on periapical radiography.

METHODS
Forty-five teeth of 45 patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of VRF but not confirmed by periapical radiographs were collected. All of these 45 teeth accepted the examination of CBCT and were extracted for conceivable bad prognosis. All these teeth were extracted by minimally invasive surgery, and the conditions of the roots were observed to make sure the VRF happened or not before extraction. Nine teeth were excluded post operation because of fragmented and horizontal root fracture. Thirty-six teeth were included in this study. Two dentists observed the CBCT images of the teeth independently and reached a consensus. Diagnosis test was performed in this study.

RESULTS
The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the CBCT in detecting VRF were 72.4%, 91.8% and 84.6%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value and Youden index were 84.0%, 84.9% and 0.642 respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
CBCT should be used in diagnosing VRF in those cases which could not be confirmed by clinical signs, symptoms and periapical radiographs. But for those cases with metal restorations were not recommended for further CBCT examination.


Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficiency of insulin and/or insulin resistance. Clinical studies have revealed a higher risk of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease in diabetic patients. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an attractive potential treatment modality for various neurodegenerative diseases. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether exenatide, a GLP-1 analogue, has neuroprotective effects against glucose and fructose-induced toxicity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Neurotoxicity was induced by incubating SH-SY5Y cells with different doses (25–100 mM) of glucose and fructose for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Following determination of the significant toxic doses of glucose and fructose, the cells were treated with various doses of exenatide (10–250 nM) in the presence or absence of glucose and fructose. Neurotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and Hoechst 33258 staining. Caspase-3 activity and the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined in the cytosolic fractions of treated cells. Our results demonstrated that both glucose and fructose treatments decreased cell viability in neuronal cells dose and time-dependently. Glucose and fructose-treated groups showed increased numbers of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activity and AGEs levels. Treatment of the cells with exenatide significantly prevented cell death. The most prominent effect was observed at 100 nM exenatide-treated cultures. Our results suggest that high doses of glucose and fructose may lead to neurotoxicity, and exenatide may have protective effects against neuronal damage through its anti-apoptotic feature.


This guide corresponds to the Spring 2013 National Library Week screening of the documentary film RiP!: A Remix Manifesto. The guide contains resources to learn more about remix culture and copyright issues in the information age.


Sixteen zebu heifors were ted 0. 20. 40 and 60% autoclaved broiler litter in total mixed rations. The effect of treatment was evaluated on feed intake. mean growth rate. digestibility coetlicient and digestible nutrient intake. Autoclaved broiler litter appeared to be well accepted by heiters even when included in ration at 60% of total DM. DM intake average 4.30. 3.97. 3.99 and 4.79kg/d for heiter ted 0. 20. 40 and 60% autoclaved broiler litter respectively. Mean body weight change averaged 325. 418. 258 and 348g/d for heifer ted 0 to 60% autoclaved broiler litter respectively. Replacement of cassava waste meal with autoclaved broiler litter significantly increased lp<0.05) the teed intake. digestibility and digestible nutrient ( CP and CF) of the ration but reduced those of ether extract (p<0.05) expressed on metabolic size basis. Dry matter intake from the ration was positively and significantly (p<0.05) correlated with DCP (r=0.87). Autoclaved broiler litter ted up to 60% of total mixed ration supported both adequate digestible nutrient intake and live-weight gain of heiters. The results underscored the need to supplement the feeding of zebu with concentrate supplement containing up to 60% ABL and 38% CWM which can provide an avenue for poultry waste and enhance cattle production. Keywords : Zebu heiters. broiler litter. cassava waste. teed-intake. digestible nutrient


Recently, a colony of Lewis rats has been described which is resistant to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). These rats, termed Le-R, are still histocompatible with other Lewis rats. The genetic defect which results in EAE-resistance was shown not to be linked to the RT1.B (Ir) region of the MHC. Myelin basic protein (BP)-sensitization of Le-R rats induces cells capable of mounting a proliferative response to BP in culture but incapable of transferring EAE after culture with BP. The present study demonstrates that the latter deficiency can be overcome either by incorporating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the BP-culture medium or by simultaneous transfer of LPS-activated antigen-nonspecific spleen cells with the BP-sensitized cells. The BP-sensitized Le-R cells fail to transfer EAE due to their inability to initiate lesions in the CNS. LPS, working through an antigen-nonspecific cell or cell products, can correct the defect in the Le-R cells such that the antigen-specific cells become capable of initiating CNS lesions which lead to development of clinical EAE.


The purpose of this thesis was to examine the well-being of adults from divorced and non-divorced family backgrounds. The thrust of this thesis was to examine if and how adult well-being is influenced by family background factors, specifically support, safety, religiosity and spirituality. Data for this analysis come from the National Survey of the Moral and Spiritual Lives of Children of Divorce, a nationally representative sample of 1,510 adults ages 1835, evenly divided by either divorced or non-divorced backgrounds. Using Social Learning and Social Exchange Theories, a path model was created to inform and guide this investigation. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify similarities or differences within and between groups and test hypotheses. Results indicate that adults from divorced homes, lower in spirituality and higher in religiosity experience lower well-being than adults from non-divorced homes, those with higher spirituality or lower religiosity. Childhood religiosity was not related to adult well-being for those from a divorced background. However, childhood religiosity demonstrated a positive relationship with adult well-being for adults from non-divorced backgrounds. The path model uncovered that, among other variables, income and family support were important predictors of well-being across groups. For the divorce group, education appears to be uniquely salient, while spirituality is more influential for the non-


Major wound complication risk factors following soft tissue sarcoma resection. Wound-healing complications represent an important source of morbidity in patients treated surgically for soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The purpose of this study was to determine which factors are predictive of major wound complication rates following STS resection, including tumour site, size, grade, and depth, as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We reviewed 256 cases of STS treated surgically between 2000 and 2011. The primary outcome was occurrence of major wound complications post STS resection. Major wound complications were more likely to occur post STS resection with larger tumour diameters (p = 0.001), high grade tumours (p = 0.04), location in the proximal lower extremity (p = 0.01), and use of preoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.01). Tumours located in the adductor compartment were at highest risk of complications. We did not demonstrate a significant difference in complications rates based on method of closure. Diabetes, smoking, obesity, tumour diameter, tumour location in the proximal lower extremity, and preoperative radiotherapy were independent predictors on multivariate analysis. There are multiple predictors for major wound complications post STS resection. A more aggressive resection of irradiated soft tissues, combined with primary reconstruction, should be considered in cases with multiple risk factors.


Over the past decade, important changes have occurred in the occupational mix of the non-standard workforce, with a rising number of professionals and managers entering part-time and temporary forms of employment. However, while this shift is widely acknowledged, there remains some confusion regarding its consequences. One strand in the literature argues that, at higher occupational levels, the tendency for non-standard employees to experience marginalization at work will be far less pronounced or non-existent. A second strand argues that, regardless of occupational level, workers on part-time and temporary contracts will be treated unequally in various ways. In this article our aim is to explore this matter, drawing on data from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey. The analysis reveals that managers and professionals on non-standard contracts do become marginalized in terms of training opportunities and consultation at work, and that these outcomes are especially strong in the case of women. Finally, the managerial, national-level training policy and legal implications of the findings are discussed.


ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the perception of physiotherapists in neonatal units regarding pain, the use of measurement scales and strategies that minimize pain. Methods: Interviews were conducted with physiotherapists in hospitals with neonatal units between 2013 and 2015 in Rio de Janeiro. The questions concerned the knowledge of the feeling of pain, from its recognition to its care or treatment. The description of the results was done by comparing public and private hospitals (Fisher''s Exact exact Testtest), considering p<0.05 as significant. Results: 27 hospitals were visited. All the professionals interviewed (n=27) stated that the newborns feel pain, with facial expression being the most cited and known sign for pain. 26% of physiotherapists believe that newborns experience pain at the same magnitude as adults. Among the scales, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) was the most well known, but only 37% of the units had routine pain assessment protocols. IV cannulation and blood collection were the most mentioned procedures as a cause of pain and there was no difference between public and private hospitals. Conclusions: There is a gap in the knowledge about neonatal pain and how to evaluate it among the participating physiotherapists, with no systematization of care routines involving this assessment.


Plant phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) is comprised of three clades: FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) and MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT). FT/TFL1-like clades regulate identities of the determinate and indeterminate meristems, and ultimately affect flowering time and plant architecture. MFT is generally considered to be the ancestor of FT/TFL1, but its function is not well understood. Here, two MFT homoeologous gene pairs in Gossypium hirsutum, GhMFT1-A/D and GhMFT2-A/D, were identified by genome-wide identification of MFT-like genes. Detailed expression analysis revealed that GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 homoeologous genes were predominately expressed in ovules, and their expression increased remarkably during ovule development but decreased quickly during seed germination. Expressions of GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 homoeologous genes in germinating seeds were upregulated in response to abscisic acid (ABA), and their expressions also responded to gibberellin (GA). In addition, ectopic overexpression of GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 in Arabidopsis inhibited seed germination at the early stage. Gene transcription analysis showed that ABA metabolism genes ABA-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) and ABI5, GA signal transduction pathway genes REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) and RGA-LIKE2 (RGL2) were all upregulated in the 35S:GhMFT1 and 35S:GhMFT2 transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 localize in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and both interact with a cotton bZIP transcription factor GhFD, suggesting that both of GhMFT1, 2 have similar intracellular regulation mechanisms. Taken together, the results suggest that GhMFT1 and GhMFT2 may act redundantly and differentially in the regulation of seed germination.


We examined the effects of the simian virus 40 enhancer sequence on transcription of cloned human alpha- and beta-globin genes shortly after their introduction into cultured mammalian cells. We find that (i) detectable transcription of the beta-globin gene but not the alpha-globin gene requires linkage to the enhancer; (ii) the enhancer increases the amount of beta-globin RNA at least 100-fold but results in only a 5- to 10-fold increase in the amount of alpha-globin RNA; (iii) plasmid replication does not increase the level of beta-globin RNA, regardless of linkage to the enhancer, but does result in an approximately equal to 50-fold increase in the level of alpha-globin RNA; (iv) the enhancer is not required for and does not increase transcription of either gene in 293 cells, an adenovirus 5-transformed human kidney cell line. We also show that an enhancer sequence is not required for activity of the normally enhancer-dependent simian virus 40 early promoter in 293 cells, indicating that these cells contain a trans-acting factor(s) that circumvents the requirement for the enhancer sequence.