Canonizations not only denote but sometimes work wonders.
More's came in 1935, and with it renewed interest in his life. The year was rendered doubly propitious by the appearance of R. W Chambers's Thomas More. During the next fifty years. its image of More as humanist, martyr, and latter-day Christian Socrates remained dominant, although occasionally it was given a specifically Catholic
tincture in studies such as E. E. Reynolds, The Field Is Won, or its particulars were called into question by documentary evidence presented by G. R. Elton. The major shift in approaches to More's life was ushered in by Stephen Greenblatt's Renaissance Self-Fashioning: More to Shakespeare. Focusing on the long-established view of More
as a highly self-conscious writer and member of his society, Greenblatt teased out its ramifications. If More "felt himself ... to be a supremely constructed self", then "the category of the real merges with that of the fictive"; if in a sense his life was "lived as a histrionic improvisation" then, the critic argued, "the historical More
is a narrative fiction". Individual motivation becomes potentially as complex as scholastic exegesis. Below the causation attributable to the historic figure lurk the putative, hidden wellsprings of his deeds. Biographically, these assumptions received book-length treatment in
Richard Marius's Thomas More. The result was a modernized and problematized version of the saint's received image. which left the devout scandalized and threatened to spark a scholarly counter-reformation. More recently, two substantial biographies have highlighted the delicately poised state of More studies. Peter Ackroyd's life of the
Tudor statesman affords a lively compendium of the already known, whereas John Guy has offered a reasoned, clinical survey of the field, one that threatens to overturn many of the supposed achievements of the last seventy years of More scholarship.


The Harghita Mountains are located in the south-western part of Harghita County. The tourism resorts in this volcanic mountain range are Harghita-Bai Resort and Baile Homorod Resort. The two resorts are very different not just by location but in their purpose as well. In the following paper we would like to investigate some of the geographic risks and their impacts on the resorts and the ways of adapting of these resorts to these risks. To evaluate the geographic risks we tend to take into consideration the possible natural risk factors, the social risks, the technogene risks and the ecological risks. The resorts present ways of adapting to these risk factors, and we try to evaluate them by their efficiency. We used direct observation, field investigation and interviews in the research process. The obtained results are very interesting and could help the local authorities to become more self-aware and improve their local management.


Viruses can significantly influence cyanobacteria population dynamics and activity, and through this the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients. However, surprisingly little attention has been given to understand how viral infections alter the ability of diazotrophic cyanobacteria for atmospheric nitrogen fixation and its release to the environment. This study addressed the importance of cyanophages for net 15N2 assimilation rate, expression of nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH) and changes in nitrogen enrichment (15N/14N) in the diazotrophic cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae during infection by the cyanophage vB_AphaS-CL131. We found that while the growth of A. flos-aquae was inhibited by cyanophage addition (decreased from 0.02 h–1 to 0.002 h–1), there were no significant differences in nitrogen fixation rates (control: 22.7 × 10–7 nmol N heterocyte–1; infected: 23.9 × 10–7 nmol N heterocyte–1) and nifH expression level (control: 0.6–1.6 transcripts heterocyte–1; infected: 0.7–1.1 transcripts heterocyte–1) between the infected and control A. flos-aquae cultures. This implies that cyanophage genome replication and progeny production within the vegetative cells does not interfere with the N2 fixation reactions in the heterocytes of these cyanobacteria. However, higher 15N enrichment at the poles of heterocytes of the infected A. flos-aquae, revealed by NanoSIMS analysis indicates the accumulation of fixed nitrogen in response to cyanophage addition. This suggests reduced nitrogen transport to vegetative cells and the alterations in the flow of fixed nitrogen within the filaments. In addition, we found that cyanophage lysis resulted in a substantial release of ammonium into culture medium. Cyanophage infection seems to substantially redirect N flow from cyanobacterial biomass to the production of N storage compounds and N release.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals are affected by diseases at rates above those of their HIV-negative peers despite the increased life expectancy of the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. We followed a cohort of approximately 2000 HIV-1-infected patients for 5 years. The most frequent cause of death in this HIV-1-infected cohort was malignancy, with 39% of all classified deaths due to cancer. Among the cancer deaths, B-cell lymphomas were the most commonly seen malignancy, representing 34% of all cancer deaths. These lymphomas were very aggressive with a median survival of <2 months from time of diagnosis.


Predicting the effects of the introduction of alternative transportation means on air quality is an important task for urban mobility planners. This study proposes a methodology that uses simulation to estimate the impact of changes in public transport on the traffic emissions of PM2.5. By using mobility planning information simulation models can be built, which can provide estimation of the dynamics of traffic over time. Then, coupling simulated traffic with emission factors of vehicles, an emission model can be used to estimate the total amount of PM2.5 emitted. With this approach, the effect of changes in the public transportation system can be assessed with respect to PM2.5 emissions. In the paper, we explore a case study in the city of Bogota, Colombia, when a bus rapid transport system is to be added alongside a major city avenue.


Over the past 30 years, increasing numbers of smokers have switched to low tar cigarette brands in the hopes of reducing the harm from smoking. We now know, however, that the public health benefit of low tar cigarettes is likely negligible, or actually negative, because the evidence indicates that (1) the health risks of smoking have increased, not decreased, despite the proliferation of low tar cigarettes,1 and (2) it appears that more people are smoking than would be the case were these products not on the market.2 The public health community should now deliver a clear, consistent message to the public that effectively debunks the popular myth that "Light" cigarettes are significantly less hazardous than other brands or a legitimate alternative to quitting.

Evidence regarding the discrepancy between machine based yields and actual human exposure was first published in the early 1980s.3 4 Yet, the tobacco industry continues to promote these products in ways that confuse consumers. As a result, the general public still harbours false hope that there are important health benefits associated with low tar products.5-7 It is essential, therefore, that this information, long known within the scientific community, finally makes its way to the public. What then are some of the key messages that we need to communicate to the public?

First, consumers should know that there are no standards governing what is called a "Light" cigarette, and that …


The mandible provides structural support for the teeth and a route for neural and vascular supply to the dentition, as well as sensory perception for the lower one-third of the face. Although the mandible is the largest and strongest facial bone, fractures frequently result as a sequela of facial trauma because of the mandible's physical prominence in the lower face. Vehicular accidents and assaults are the leading causes of mandibular fractures. 1‐3 Open reduction and internal fixation are often the treatment of choice for significantly displaced mandible fractures. 4 Yet reduction of these displaced bony fragments, and their subsequent stabilization during plating, can be difficult and occasionally cumbersome, involving several instruments and multiple hands in a small operative field. Thus, reduction and plating techniques for open repair of mandible fractures often require two surgeons or at least one surgeon and a skilled technician. To lessen the technical assistance needed and to assist with reduction prior to plating, several methods have been proposed in the literature. These involve the use of towel clamps, screws, and wires. 5 However, in theory, these are not completely optimal. With towel clamp and modified towel clamp techniques, the surgeon is still required to manipulate large clamps while drilling and plating. 5 One must also remember that a large clamp remains in the operative field, possibly compromising direct visualization, especially when operating through a small incision. The screw-wire osteosynthesis technique described by Dym and coworkers was used on more than 40 unfavourable mandible angle fractures as the sole source of repair. 6 This technique uses 8-mm screws and 24-gauge wire at the angle of the mandible. Dym and colleagues reported no complications for their small cohort. 6


Layered decoding is well appreciated in low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder implementation since it can achieve effectively high decoding throughput with low computation complexity. This work, for the first time, addresses low-complexity column-layered decoding schemes and very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architectures for multi-Gb/s applications. At first, the min-sum algorithm is incorporated into the column-layered decoding. Then algorithmic transformations and judicious approximations are explored to minimise the overall computation complexity. Compared to the original column-layered decoding, the new approach can reduce the computation complexity in check node processing for high-rate LDPC codes by up to 90% while maintaining the fast convergence speed of layered decoding. Furthermore, a relaxed pipelining scheme is presented to enable very high clock speed for VLSI implementation. Equipped with these new techniques, an efficient decoder architecture for quasi-cyclic LDPC codes is developed and implemented with 0.13%%m VLSI implementation technology. It is shown that a decoding throughput of nearly 4%Gb/s at a maximum of 10 iterations can be achieved for a (4096, 3584) LDPC code. Hence, this work has facilitated practical applications of column-layered decoding and particularly made it very attractive in high-speed, high-rate LDPC decoder implementation.


The data catagories include site name, date, time, station ID, medium, record #, agency analyzing sample, agency collecting sample, discharge (daily mean and instantaneous), gage height, lab spec condition, field spec condition, total dissolved solids, air and water temp, pH (lab and field), and amounts of oxygen, nitrogen and nitrogen compounds, phosphorus, carbonates, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, calcium, silica, and carbon.


As a step toward prevention of bovine mastitis, a plasmid-mediated gene transfer technique was used to enable mammary cells to synthesize and secrete bovine lactoferricin and bovine tracheal antibacterial peptides. For this purpose, a series of mammary tissue-specific expression vectors, harboring the antibacterial peptide gene, the 5'-flanking regulation sequence of goat beta-casein, and the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation signal sequence, were constructed using a eukaryotic expression vector pIRES1-neo. The mammary gland tissue-specific expression vector carrying the antimicrobial peptide genes dissolved in physiologic saline was injected directly into the lactating mammary glands of goats. The milk samples after injection were checked by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and bacterium inhibition zone assay. The results of these tests showed that the mammary gland tissue-specific expression vector driven by the goat beta-casein gene promoter could efficiently direct the expression of antibacterial peptides in goat milk; the expression of antibacterial proteins lasted for 3 to 6 d. All of the milk samples collected from the mammary glands that had been injected with different vectors harboring the antibacterial peptide gene(s) exhibited bacteriostatic activity against different bacterial pathogens. These results demonstrated that the mammary gland tissue-specific expression vector could be used to introduce antibacterial peptide gene into the goat mammary gland, enabling secretion of a bioactive form of antibacterial peptide in the milk. This successful expression of antibacterial peptides in goat mammary glands provided a possible method to prevent mastitis in ruminants.


This paper analyzes the effect of state-level Sunday alcohol sales restrictions ("blue laws") on fatal vehicle accidents, which is an important parameter in assessing the desirability of these laws. Using a panel data set of all fatal vehicle accidents in the U.S. between 1990 and 2009 combined with 15 state repeals of blue laws, we show that restricting alcohol sales on Sunday has at most a small effect on fatal accident rates. Using American Time Use Survey data, we find no effect of blue laws on the location of consumption, and we show that the group whose drunk driving behavior is most affected by these laws is underage men. Overall, these results suggest that Sunday alcohol sales restrictions have fewer secular public health benefits, at least in terms of vehicle fatalities, than previously believed. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. Language: en


This thesis attempts to 'map' the dimensions of selected sensory-spatial leisure consumption varieties in support of humanistic drives, or will, towards inner self-development and societal well-being. The investigative focus is primarily upon leisure domains of a liminal or transitional nature, between cultural and commercial consumption; these being of presumed importance in the promotion of increased leisure activities of a cultural and artistic nature as a social 'good' or utopian ideal. Such an orientation, prevalent in post-industrial cultures, confers worth to understanding the dimensions of cultural diversity required, and benefits being sought from variously extant leisure realms. The contribution of the work is reviewed in a 'synthesis' that forms the full 'thesis' in conjunction with the published works themselves. Within the synthesis a poetics methodology is proposed to have emerged towards enhancing meaningful exploration across four broad varieties of culturalcommercial leisure consumption spaces - tourist domains, museum/gallery visits, indulgent/leisure food 'dreamscapes' and music/mobile consumption zones. The findings can be encapsulated within three broad headings, namely that:- (i) Leisure spaces create heightened, personally and/or socially selfenhancing forms of dreamscape consumption than more everyday spaces - as exemplified by differential consumption processes within 'limited risk' environments, artistic-subjective consumer orientations and co-creative consumption spaces that are further related to the concept of 'flow' in human experience; (ii) The attributes of physical varieties of leisure spaces feature qualitatively 'sensed' differences, relative to supporting an effective immersion process within them - having variable mixes of specific, defined contributory characteristics in 'active' or out-in-the-world realms, associated with models derived primarily from the field of environmental geography; and, (iii) There is a threat of a reduced variety of potentially beneficial outin- the-world leisure spaces due to technological substitution by virtual ('passive') alternatives - raising questions of consumer consent over a reduced diversity of cultural ecology in terms of losses in retail and social capital, particularly within localised environments.


In the current global era, English is becoming increasingly essential not only as a worldwide language but now widely used as a business language in native and non-native English-speaking countries. Particularly, English language proficiency is mostly required and recognized amongst the countries in the n   continent. Thus, this review emphasises the importance of the English language, the dynamism of ways that may be utilised when teaching the English language and identifying the requirements of English language skills among business workers and students. Hence, the primary goal of this scoping review is to uncover previous research on the impact of the English language on business communication in Asia. This scoping review was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Five databases, namely Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and SAGE Journals, were used for data scoping. A total of 10 studies were identified to be eligible for selection.


Schizaea pusilla is a leptosporangiate fern that occurs in bogs in two disparate geographic locations (i.e., New Jersey and Nova Scotia). In this study, we examined the effects of culture time, storage temperature, storage time, and light quality on germination of spores from populations of this fern from New Jersey and Nova Scotia. For all populations, maximal germination was achieved 42-60 d in culture at 22?C, and storage of spores at 4?C increased the percentage of germination compared to storage at 22?C. In terms of light quality, the relative effectiveness of germination promotion was red (maximal) > white > far-red > blue (minimal), which is a pattern similar to that of spores from the majority of ferns studied to date. By most of the parameters assayed, Schizaea spores from New Jersey had a greater magnitude of germination compared with the spores from Nova Scotia. In contrast to an earlier report, our studies show that spores from both locations have a lipid storage product. This is the first study to directly compare germination of S. pusilla spores collected from New Jersey and from Nova Scotia.


Agritourism has become a popular pursuit for farms and ranches in the United States, aiming to diversify revenue sources and meet agricultural education and community-building goals. However, there has been limited research around the challenges experienced by operators and limited access to resources that can help address these challenges. This article fills that gap in knowledge by examining the challenges agritourism operations currently face in the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West regions of the U.S. In this study, we use a mixed-methods approach to the Five Dimensions of Access framework developed by Penchansky and Thomas (1981). We operationalize their model in an ordinal probit regression to analyze data from a national survey of agritourism operators, analyzed by region. Results from the quantitative analysis are substantiated using qualitative, open-ended comments from the same survey. The analyses show that agritourism operators encounter different challenges according to their region. We find that operators in most regions of the United States are concerned about agritourism liability. However, states in the West region experience more challenges with regulations, zoning, and permitting, while operators in the South have more problems with e-connectivity. These results can be applied in three ways: support services for agritourism, policy and regulations, and future research.


Problem statement: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) are the most frequent of the community with major social and financial impact. Hence, early and proper diagnosis is of utmost importance. Biomarkers such as the circulating levels of Procalcitonin (PCT) have been shown to be elevated in systemic bacterial infections, but remain relatively low in viral infections and inflammatory diseases and have been suggested as signals for the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Experience evaluating the value of PCT as a marker of URTIs is limited. Approach: Forty patients with bacterial URTIs were studied in order to assess the role of PCT, measured by using the semi-quantitative test, as bacterial inflammation marker and to compare with other markers, such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP), White Blood Cell (WBC) counts and Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell counts. Results: In all cases, 22 with tonsillopharyngitis, 10 with peritonsillar abscess and 8 with rhinosinusitis, PCT levels remained below detection limits. On the other hand, serum CRP levels strongly correlated with body temperature, WBC and PMN cell counts. Patients with rhinosinusitis were older than those with peritonsillar abscess, had lower body temperature than those with tonsillopharyngitis and had lower serum CRP levels than patients with either peritonsillar abscess or tonsillopharyngitis. Conclusion: Therefore CRP could be used as a marker to predict the severity of URTIs while PCT, although promising in cases of other severe bacterial infections, did not prove to be suitable for patients with less severe or localized infections, such as URTIs.


Systems dynamics, cellular automata, agent‐based modeling, and network analyses have been used in population, land use, and transport planning models. An overview of complex systems science as applied to urban development is presented, and examples are given of where the problems of housing people and anticipating their movements have been addressed with complex approaches, sometimes in concert with deterministic, large‐scale urban models. Planning for cities today has additional environmental and social priorities in common with many topics that concern industrial ecology. The research agenda suggested here is that this, too, can be enriched with complex systems thinking and models to complement the often static assessment of environmental performance and better inform decision processes.


ABSTRACT In 2014 it was estimated that 1.8 billion images were uploaded daily to the Internet, and in 2018 it is estimated that 3.2 billion images are shared daily. Some of these uploaded images may contain hidden information that can potentially be malicious (e.g. an image that contains hidden information regarding terrorism recruitment) or may cause serious damage (e.g. an employee wishing to hide sensitive company details in an image file and exporting the image to third parties). This research studied the most effective methods in manipulating images to hide information (Data Loss). Significant work has been done on computational algorithmic detection. Yet the desired output from this work was to find the point at which a human can no longer visually establish the difference between an original image and a manipulated image. This research examines the extent of use for file formats, bit depth alterations, least significant bits, message and audio concealment and watermark and filtering techniques for image steganography. The findings of this study indicated that audio insertion and picture insertion into cover image files are the strongest in deceiving the human eye. These results have been categorised for human visual perception in image-based steganography.


Fluorescence imaging is severely limited by the background and autofluorescence of tissues for in vivo detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Time-gated luminescence (TGL) imaging, in combination with luminescent probes that possess hundreds of microsecond emission lifetimes, can be used to effectively suppress this background, which has predominantly nanosecond lifetimes. This Letter demonstrates the feasibility of TGL imaging using luminescent probes for the in vivo real time imaging and tracking of single CTCs circulating freely in the blood vessels with higher accuracy given by substantially higher signal-to-noise ratio. The luminescent probe used in this Letter was a commercial Eu3+ chelate (EuC) nanosphere with a super-long lifetime of near 800 µs, which enabled TGL imaging to achieve background-free detection with ∼5 times higher SNR versus steady state. Phantom and in vivo mouse studies indicated that EuC labeled tumor cells moving in medium or bloodstream at the speed of 1-2 mm/s could be captured in real time.


Based on the 1959-2007 observation data of daily mean temperature from 19 meteorological stations in Guizhou Province, and combining with the late spring cold (LSC) intensity index and disaster grade division standard, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of LSC, including LSC occurrence frequency, ratio of LSC-occurring stations to all stations, decadal variation, abrupt climate change, and periodic variation, in the province. In 1959-2007, the occurrence frequency of no LSC in the province was the highest, followed by serious LSC, and that of medium and slight LSC was approximately the same. Under the background of global warming, the ratio of medium LSC-occurring stations to all stations had the most obvious variation, with the climatic trend reached 1.4% x (10 a)(-1), while the ratios of no LSC-, slight LSC-, and serious LSC- occurring stations all showed an appreciably decreasing trend. The LSC intensity in the province was the highest in the 1990s, followed by in the 1980s, 1960s, 1970s, and 2000-2007. In the province, the LSC intensity showed an increasing trend in west and northwest high altitude areas, central area, and north area, but an appreciably decreasing trend in east and south areas. In the west, northwest, north, and central areas of the province, LSC intensity had a mutation from low to high in 1975. The LSC in the province had an obvious periodical variation, with the inter-annual period being mainly 2-4 years, and the decadal periods being mainly 13 - 15 years and 27-29 years.


Circular RNA (circRNA) comprises a class of endogenous species of RNA consisting of a circular loop that is crucial for genetic and epigenetic regulation. The significance of circRNA in bladder cancer (BCa) remains to be investigated. Here we performed genome‑wide circRNA analysis of 5 paired tumour and adjacent normal tissue samples from BCa patients via next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Next we confirmed NGS data in a separate set of 32 paired BCa samples using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that circRNA profile presented a total of 88,732 circRNA in BCa samples. Among them, 14 were upregulated and 42 were downregulated with q-values of <0.001 and fold changes of ≥2 or ≤0.5. The expression level changes of hsa_circ_0091017 and hsa_circ_0002024 in the 32 paired samples were in accord with NGS data. In conclusion, we identified a set of circRNAs that are potentially implicated in the tumorigenesis of BCa and could serve as novel diagnostic markers for BCa.


To the Editor:— I have always felt that in any formal terminology the primary purpose to be achieved was the clear and concise exchange of information and ideas. Unfortunately, anatomists have not always considered clinical convenience in setting up word lists, and clinicians, especially in America, seem to abhor formality in names. At the present time the BNA, which is just being adopted in some clinical circles, is being either discarded or markedly altered in anatomic circles. The current suggested changes seem to follow nationalistic manners of thought, if not actual political boundary lines. To me the statement in the editorial inThe Journal, July 17, "Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve was recorded in 8.2 per cent of the cases. In no instance was it bilateral or permanent" is perfectly clear and anatomically accurate. I am a little surprised that Dr. John F. Quinlan of San Francisco finds grounds


The conserved Eph receptors and their Ephrin ligands regulate a number of developmental processes, including axon guidance. In contrast to the large vertebrate Eph/Ephrin family, Drosophila has a single Eph receptor and a single Ephrin ligand, both of which are expressed within the developing nervous system. Here, we show that Eph and Ephrin can act as a functional receptor-ligand pair in vivo. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous results using RNA-interference techniques, embryos completely lacking Eph function show no obvious axon guidance defects. However, Eph/Ephrin signaling is required for proper development of the mushroom body. In wild type, mushroom body neurons bifurcate and extend distinct branches to different target areas. In Eph mutants, these neurons bifurcate normally, but in many cases the dorsal branch fails to project to its appropriate target area. Thus, Eph/Ephrin signaling acts to guide a subset of mushroom body branches to their correct synaptic targets.


We consider the two scalar field cosmology in a FRW spatially flat spacetime where the scalar fields interact both in the kinetic part and the potential. We apply the Noether point symmetries in order to define the interaction of the scalar fields. We use the point symmetries in order to write the field equations in the normal coordinates and we find that the Lagrangian of the field equations which admits at least three Noether point symmetries describes linear Newtonian systems. Furthermore, by using the corresponding conservation laws we find exact solutions of the field equations. Finally, we generalize our results to the case of N scalar fields interacting both in their potential and their kinematic part in a flat FRW background.


Objective: There is increasing evidence that high blood pressure (BP) levels and BP variability (BPV) over 24 h or longer are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The objective of this study was to examine the association between different beat-to-beat BP parameters and in-hospital outcomes. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of acute spontaneous ICH were recruited consecutively and prospectively between September 2018 and January 2019. Beat-to-beat recordings were measured non-invasively for 5 min within the first 72 h after the onset of symptoms. BPV was analyzed by standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), average real variability (ARV), and variation independent of mean (VIM). Outcome was assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between BP levels, BPV, and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 66 patients were included, of whom 34 had poor outcomes (mRS score, 3–6). Patients with poor outcomes had significantly higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores (4.5 vs. 9, p < 0.001), a larger ICH volume (8 vs. 14.5 mL, p = 0.004), and an increased systolic BP (SBP) -CV (3.2 vs. 4.8, p < 0.001) and diastolic BP (DBP) -CV (3.7 vs. 4.9, p = 0.015). After adjustment for major covariates, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SBP-CV was independently associated with an increased risk of poor in-hospital outcomes [odds ratio (OR) 2.535; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.211–5.305; p = 0.014]. The receiver operating characteristic area for SBP-CV in predicting poor in-hospital outcome was 0.827 (95% CI, 0.730–0.925; p < 0.001), and the best cutoff point was 3.551 (sensitivity, 82.35%; specificity, 68.75%). Conclusion: A higher beat-to-beat BPV in the first 72 h of admission was associated with unfavorable in-hospital outcomes in patients with ICH. The stabilization of BPV during the acute phase may be a therapeutic target; this could be tested in future clinical trials.


Aims To evaluate the feasibility of a cardiac surgery registry and to describe patients' characteristics, type of procedures performed, incidence of postoperative complications with short and middle-term mortality. Methods A database with clinical information and details on cardiac surgical operations was implemented by Puglia Health Regional Agency to collect data of each cardiac surgery procedure performed in the seven adult cardiac surgery centres of the region. Health regional agency personnel guaranteed data accuracy and quality control procedures. Mortality after the discharge was evaluated for residents in Puglia by linking clinical data to the Health Information System. Results From January 2011 to December 2012, 6429 operations were performed. All operations were included in the registry with very high completeness of collected data (95.3% per patient). The majority of the operations performed were coronary artery bypass graft alone (41.1%), valve surgery alone (26.2%), coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery (11.4%), or valve with other surgery (11.8%). During a median follow-up of 12 months (interquartile range 6–18 months), 211 deaths were detected after the discharge. Overall, cumulative mortality from the operation was 8.2% at 6 months and 9.5% at 12 months. Conclusion Implementation of a regional clinical registry of cardiac surgery is feasible with a great level of accuracy and the evaluation of mid-term mortality overcomes the limited value of hospital mortality. An accurate cardiac surgery registry elicits epidemiologic evaluations, comparisons between expected and observed mortality, incidence of postoperative complications and encourages a reliable public reporting.


Based on the theoretical perspective of self-determination, this study examined the effects of basic need fulfillment (relatedness/competence/autonomy) on students' school enjoyment before and after the transition from primary to secondary school. Furthermore, the academic and social impact of control beliefs on the emotions triggered by the upcoming transition was tested. The sample consisted of 63 students who filled out questionnaires at different time points before (grade 4; students between the ages of 9 and 10) and after (grade 5) the primary-secondary transition . The results highlight the importance of a positive teacher-student relationship as well as positive relationships amongst the students themselves for students' school enjoyment before and after the transition. In terms of the emotions evoked by the upcoming transition, the results reveal that students with higher academic self-concept experienced more positive emotions than students with lower academic self-concept. From these findings, it can be concluded that positive relationships and the belief in one's own academic capabilities can contribute to the likelihood of experiencing the transition to secondary school as an event accompanied by positive emotions such as joy and excitement rather than a stressful or threatening life-event .


CONTEXT Plastic single-use laryngoscope blades have been found to increase the difficulty of intubation. Metallic single-use blades may represent an alternative. OBJECTIVE To compare the rates of intubation failure at first laryngoscopy using metallic single-use, plastic single-use and metallic reusable laryngoscope blades. DESIGN Randomised, superiority, single-centre, controlled trial. SETTING Operating theatres at a University Hospital from January 2008 to August 2009. PATIENTS A total of 1863 adults requiring general anaesthesia. INTERVENTION Patients were randomised to one of three laryngoscope blades: metallic single-use, plastic single-use or metallic reusable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary end-point was the number of intubation failures at first laryngoscopy. Secondary end-points were glottic exposure and the Intubation Difficulty Scale. RESULTS The failure rate (absolute difference: 95% confidence interval) at the first attempt was greater for the plastic single-use blades (8.1%) than for the metallic reusable [3.2% (4.9%: 2.2 to 7.6%); P < 0.001] and metallic reusable blades [4.0% (4.0%: 1.2 to 6.9%); P < 0.006]. No difference was found between the metallic reusable and metallic single-use groups (0.9%: −1.3 to 3.1%). Scoring on the Intubation Difficulty Scale [median (interquartile range)] was higher in the plastic single-use group [1 (0 to 2)] than in the metallic groups [metallic reusable: 0 (0 to 1); P < 0.001 and metallic single-use: 0 (0 to 1); P < 0.007] groups. Glottic exposure was significantly better in the metallic reusable group (modified Cormack & Lehane score III and IV: 3.7%) compared with the plastic single-use group (modified Cormack & Lehane score III and IV: 9.4%; P < 0.03). CONCLUSION The rates of failed intubation at first laryngoscopy were similar in the metallic reusable and metallic reusable groups, but greater in the plastic single-use group. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov; NCT00876967.


An analytical solution is presented for fatigue response due to crossflow vibration of free spanning submarine pipelines supported on semi-infinite elastic soil bed at the ends. The formulation includes the second order bending effect of axial force present in the pipeline. Free vibration response parameters are obtained by solving the governing differential equations and satisfying the appropriate boundary conditions for both symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. These parameters are used for assessing the fatigue damage due to crossflow vortex induced vibration under wave and current action as per new draft guidelines of DNV. Results are presented illustrating the effect of axial force and soil stiffness on the fatigue life of a free span under a combined wave and current loading scenario. The maximum permissible spans obtained from the full fatigue analysis are compared with those obtained from onset of cross-flow vibration criteria.


Abstract Background Developing technology affords children with complex congenitally malformed hearts a chance for survival. Parents gratefully pursue life-saving options on behalf of their children, despite the risks to the life of their child, and uncertainty about outcomes. Little is known about how mothers and fathers experience parenting a child whose new state as a survivor may include less than optimal developmental sequels. Method Our study involved multiple interactive interviews with 9 mothers and 7 fathers of infants and preschool children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had survived the Norwood surgical approach. Qualitative methodology included grounded theory methods of simultaneous collection and analysis of data, and we used open and selective coding of transcribed interviews. Results Parents used normalization in the context of uncertainty regarding the ongoing survival of their child. Parents described their underweight children as being on their own growth curve, and viewed their developmental progress, however delayed, as reason for celebration, as they had been prepared for their child to die. Conclusion There is growing evidence that children with congenitally malformed hearts who require surgical intervention during the first year of life may experience developmental delay. The use of normalization by their parents may be effective in decreasing their worry regarding the uncertain future faced by their child, but may negatively affect the developmental progress of the child if they do not seek resources to assist development. Advice from paediatric specialists for parents to view their children as normal needs to be balanced with assistance for parents to access services to support optimal growth and development of their child.


Abstract The skull of Spathicephalus mirus Watson, an amphibian from the Namurian, basal Upper Carboniferous, of Scotland is described. It shares with the Loxommatoidea a closed palate, palatal ornament and antorbital vacuities, and the family Spathicephalidae is recognized as the sister group of the Loxommatidae. A new diagnosis of the Loxommatoidea is presented together with one of the Spathicephalidae. An analysis of the functional morphology of the Spathicephalus skull suggests that it was incapable of rapid jaw closure required for catching fish. Instead it is proposed that Spathicephalus was a sluggish bottom-dwelling filter-feeder of small, soft invertebrates.


Method Writing, a creative writing process modified on the principles of Method Acting, is explored within this article as a qualitative research methodology to give 'voice' to those suffering serious global health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (P.T.S.D). It is intended this methodology will generate deeper understanding and insight around key health and social issues, and raise personal and community awareness of those suffering from the impact of trauma and chronic illness, together with their families and carers. Method Writing is investigated as a process of accessing the voice, landscape and experience of those silenced by traumatic events, and is discussed as a tool for positive change for individuals suffering P.T.S.D, to facilitate transformation into recovery, and post-traumatic growth (P.T.G).


Distributed resource allocation is a promising field for the application of multi-agent systems also in technical or industrial environments. The design of the multi-agent system then mainly comprises the definition of the agents' local knowledge and behavior as well as the definition of an interaction protocol for overall coordination. Most solutions of agent-based resource allocation however exist in static or discrete-event systems while the allocation of resources to continuous dynamic systems is hardly addressed. In order to derive the local and the interaction behavior of the agents, we refer to a mathematical formulation of the resource allocation problem as an optimization problem. Based on a marketlike coordination scheme, a new agent-based solution for the allocation of resources to continuous production processes is developed and applied to an industrial examples. The novelty hereby is the suitable combination of resource allocation and process control in continuous production.


Storytelling is an important skillset for an entrepreneur to possess in order to appeal to funders. Crowdfunding is a relatively new funding mechanism, involving the crowd to fund projects or ideas. The evolution of crowdfunding has created an alternative to traditional means of funding such as bank loans, venture capital and angel investors. This paper examines the effects of storytelling on an entrepreneur's ability to secure funding at crowdfunding platforms . We argue that stories help leverage funding by conveying a comprehensible story with a clear sequence of events and entrepreneurial identity for the project. Quantitative analysis of 60 Kickstarter crowdfunding campaigns within technology sector reveal that successful crowdfunding campaigns have more comprehensive stories than unsuccessful crowdfunding campaigns. Also, an increase in the comprehensiveness of the stories has a positive influence on the funding success. Findings inform research on storytelling in entrepreneurship and innovation and, research on mobilization of resources from crowds.


The present report describes a recent fatal case of multiple liver abscesses caused by adult Ascaris lumbricoides in a 21-month-old child. Most abscesses contained a large number of adult worms and one ruptured into the peritoneal cavity, causing purulent peritonitis.


An iodoplumbate-based hybrid crystal [C2-Apy][PbI3] (1) (C2-Apy+ = 1-ethyl-4-aminopyridinium) was synthesized and characterized structurally. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with the space group Pnma at 150 K. Inorganic components form straight and face-sharing octahedral [PbI3]∞ chains and organic components form C2-Apy+ cations that are incorporated into the space between the inorganic chains. A temperature-dependent single crystal structure indicates that there exists an order-disorder transition of the cation. The dynamic motion of the cation strongly influences the dielectric and emission features of 1. 1 shows a two-step dielectric response. The first step dielectric response at a low frequency is caused by direct current conduction and electrode polarization which have been proved by impedance spectra. The second dielectric response at a high frequency (10 kHz to 10 MHz) is related to the order-disorder transition of the alkyl chain and the dynamic motion of pyridyl rings. In addition, 1 shows multi-band emission, and different emission bands show different trends with the temperature change, which makes 1 exhibit thermochromic luminescence properties.


Petri nets are a useful tool for the modeling and performance evaluation of discrete event systems. Literature reveals that the Petri Net models of real-world discrete event systems are most frequently event graphs (a subclass of Petri nets). Literature also reveals that there are some simple methods for the performance evaluation of event graphs. The general-purpose Petri Net simulator (GPenSIM) is a new simulator that runs on the MATLAB platform. GPenSIM provides a Petri net language, with which Petri net classes and extensions can be developed. GPenSIM also provides functions for performance analysis. Since real-world discrete event systems usually possess a large number of resources, the Petri net models of these systems tend to become huge. Activity-Oriented Petri Nets (AOPN) is an approach that reduces the size of the Petri nets. In addition to the simulator functions, GPenSIM also realizes the AOPN approach on the MATLAB platform. Thus, AOPN is an integral part of GPenSIM. As a running example, a flexible manufacturing system is firstly modeled as an event graph, and then the size of the model is reduced with the AOPN approach. The advantages of GPenSIM and AOPN are discussed in this paper.


This study directly addresses controlling aspects of psychiatric nursing practice, which are currently marginalized in practice and research. We first consider the discursive tensions surrounding the mandated goal of social control in public acute psychiatric units, particularly referring to those units located within medical hospitals. We attest to the enduring social control mandate in psychiatric nursing and explore ways in which it is enacted. Specific nursing practices of 'doing the obs' while scanning the ward and 'special observations' are investigated as important activities of social control, based on findings from an ethnographic study in one acute psychiatric unit in Australia. These practices are acknowledged as key modes of nursing surveillance. Contrary to past work, they are regarded as productive for engendering civil conduct among patients in acute psychiatric settings. We reframe these activities of surveillance as liberal therapeutic practices in themselves, to the extent that they assist patients to achieve treatment goals and promote self-surveillance and self-control. Instead of effacing practices of control, we encourage nurses to discriminate between more and less liberal modes of control in everyday practice and to build their skills in liberal controlling strategies.


In this letter, a simple design to improve an antenna radiation performance by adding a matching network consisting of short-ended double spur-line is proposed. By inserting a short-ended double spur-line in the slotline and connecting it with a ground plane, a parallel resonance with a bandpass characteristic occurs, and the characteristic impedance of the very narrow slotline is close to the impedance of free space. To verify this characteristic, an equivalent circuit model is presented to offer a detailed explanation, and the comparisons between the simulated and measured results are demonstrated.


The antimicrobial and antihelminthic activities of beetroot plant was analyzed in this work against some bacterial isolates of clinical significance, the isolates were obtained from the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital and tested against the beetroot extract. The disc diffusion and well in agar technique was used for the antimicrobial analyzes and the bacteria isolates used include Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp. Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus auerus and Candida albicans. The juice extract of the beetroot ample proved to be more effective on the bacterial isolates than the ethanol extract; the extract was effective against Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli but wasn't effective on Salmonella sp. and Klebsiella sp. the beetroot samples was less effective on the worm. The phytochemical compounds present in beetroot samples include saponin, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides. From the result obtained in this study, it shows that beetroot plant is very nutritional and can serve as a source of a variety of nutrients and natural occurring chemical compounds.


The effects of impurity on eigenmodes in one-dimensional dusty plasma lattices are studied. It is found that local modes can be excited besides lattice waves, due to the existence of an impurity particle. The dispersion relations of the modes are derived accordingly. Properties of the lattice and local modes are also analyzed and discussed, particularly for their symmetric features and conditions of the mode excitation.


This paper details a modelling approach for assessing the in-service (field) reliability and thermal fatigue life-time of electronic package interconnects for components used in the assembly of an aerospace system. The finite element slice model of a plastic ball grid array (PBGA) package and suitable energy based damage models for crack length predictions are used in this study. Thermal fatigue damage induced in tin-lead solder joints are investigated by simulating the crack growth process under a set of prescribed field temperature profiles that cover the period of operational life. The overall crack length in the solder joint for all different thermal profiles and number of cycles for each profile is predicted using a superposition technique. The effect of using an underfill is also presented. A procedure for verifying the field lifetime predictions for the electronic package by using reliability assessment under accelerated thermal cycle (ATC) testing is also briefly outlined.


In both field and greenhouse studies, cyanobacterial and cyanolichens of cold-temperature deserts often enhance growth and essential uptake by associated herbs. That effect is associated with better seedling establishment and larger seedlings. The following are possible mechanisms for these effects: (1) the microbiota concentrate essential elements in available forms in soil surface layers, (2) the microbial surface covers are usually darker colored than the soil itself and produce warmer soils during cool seasons when soil water is most available, (3) the gelatinous sheaths of several cyanobacterial genera common on alkaline deserts contain chelating compounds, and (4) conditions that favor persistent microbial growths on soil surfaces also favor maintenance of larger populations of microorganisms that form mycorrhizal and/or rhizosheath associations with seed plants. There is evidence that associated animals may be nutritionally benefited by the enhanced mineral content of forage plants growing in well-developed cyanobacterial crusts.


Rural lesbian communities offer radical lifestyle alternatives for women by providing access to places that are safe and separate for male-dominated culture. These "lesbianlands" include a variety of emphases and have impacted mainstream society in numerous ways. However, the stressors of community living and rural life proved difficult for many, and the numbers of such groups have dropped contexts of these groups, their psychological implications, and the shape of the ongoing movement. Suggestions for clinical practice are included.


Edge computing, as a relatively recent evolution of cloud computing architecture, is the newest way for enterprises to distribute computational power and lower repetitive referrals to central authorities. In the edge computing environment, Generative Models (GMs) have been found to be valuable and useful in machine learning tasks such as data augmentation and data pre-processing. Federated learning and distributed learning refer to training machine learning models in the edge computing network. However, federated learning and distributed learning also bring additional risks to GMs since all peers in the network have access to the model under training. In this article, we study the vulnerabilities of federated GMs to data-poisoning-based backdoor attacks via gradient uploading. We additionally enhance the attack to reduce the required poisonous data samples and cope with dynamic network environments. Last but not least, the attacks are formally proven to be stealthy and effective toward federated GMs. According to the experiments, neural backdoors can be successfully embedded by including merely 5\% poisonous samples in the local training dataset of an attacker.


Abstract The present study focused on the importance of translocation as stressful event in an endangered cervid species causing fatal consequences during capture operations. Fourteen free-ranging Sardinian red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) have been captured for restocking propose in a protected area of southwestern Sardinia. The cervids were chemically immobilized, transported to a restocking area and released in the wild. Sixteen hours after the release, a pregnant hind was found dead and a complete necropsy was performed. Post-capture blood samples showed increased levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol and potassium and were highly indicative of stress-linked muscle damage. The macro- and microscopic lesions consisted of muscular and cardiac degeneration, and renal injury. In the kidneys, the presence of myoglobin in intratubular casts, detected by immunohistochemistry assay, suggested an acute renal failure associated with myoglobinuric nephrosis as a consequence of rhabdomyolysis. The pathological findings were indicative of capture myopathy in a Cervus elaphus corsicanus. This condition has never been reported in the endangered Corsican red deer. This report underlines that mortality from capture is a risk that must be considered during restocking programs. Further studies are needed to minimize stress to preserve wildlife from the risk of fatal consequences due to human interactions.


Angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we conducted a zebrafish bioassay-guided fractionation of Picrasma quassioides and identified twenty alkaloids from the anti-angiogenic fraction, including four new ones (1–4). In addition, in vivo relationship analyses of the structure and anti-angiogenic activity/toxicity led to the conclusion that the skeleton of alkaloids as well as the positions and properties of the substituents are pivotal to their activity and toxicity. Furancanthin (1) is the first-reported furan-fused canthin-6-one with an unprecedented highly-conjugated pentacyclic skeleton. 1-Hydroxymethyl-8-hydroxy-β-carboline (3) was found to have the most potent anti-angiogenic activity and the lowest toxicity in vivo, whose anti-angiogenic activity was also confirmed in vitro. Further qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the kdr, kdrl signaling axle in the VEGF–VEGFR pathway and the angpt2b, tek in the ANGPT–TEK pathway seemed to be involved in the anti-angiogenic activity of compound 3.


We present here a comparison of interaction models commonly used for simulating cosmic ray shower development in the atmosphere at energies greater than 1 TeV. The implementations of these models in CORSIKA and the FLUKA transport and interaction code are relevant for extensive air shower experiments, neutrino telescopes, and gamma-ray surfacebased detectors. We compare the pion, kaon, charmed meson and baryon energy fractions and the multiplicities at the first interaction stage of monoenergetic protons on nitrogen nuclei in the range 1 TeV-100 PeV. We also show comparisons in terms of Z-moments, a spectrumweighted multiplicity often used in the cosmic ray community. The transverse and longitudinal momentum distributions of the secondary muons produced in proton-nitrogen collisions are also shown.


It is well-known that the global asymptotic stability analysis of neutral systems is an important concept in designing the appropriate controllers or filters for this class of systems. This paper carries out a delay-independent stability analysis of neutral systems possessing discrete time delays in the states and discrete neutral delays in the time derivative of the states in the presence of nonlinear disturbances. Some new global asymptotic stability criteria are proposed by introducing a novel Lyapunov functional. The obtained delay-independent stability criteria establish some simple and easily verifiable mathematical expressions involving the elements of the system matrices and the disturbance parameters of the neutral system. Different from the most of the previously reported stability results for neutral systems, the conditions obtained in this paper are not expressed in terms the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Therefore, the criteria presented in this paper can be considered as the alternative results to previously published stability results stated in the LMI forms. A comparison between the results of this paper and some of previously published corresponding stability results is made to substantiate the significant improvement of the proposed results. A constructive numerical example is also presented to show applicability and the effectiveness of the proposed stability condition.


The methane production of the distiller's grains via lactic acid fermentation (shorter for the fermentation residue) was investigated, and the variable trend of pH values, alkali concentration and volatile fatty acids were examined. The results showed that: (1)The methane production rate of the fermentation residue was 146.32mL/gTS, about equally with that of wheat straw and sunflower plate, which comparatively adapt to anaerobic digestion. (2)The trend of alkali concentration and pH values was just opposite to that of volatile fatty acids(VFA) concentration. An attempt of controling pH values by controling alkali concentration achieveing controling volatile fatty acids(VFA) concentration was feasible, to avoid excessive of volatile fatty acids and to insure successfully of anaerobic digestion.


This paper presents a new method for power factor correction with low cost drives. Power factor control is a major role in the improvement of power system stability. Many of the existing systems are expensive and difficult to manufacturer. Nowadays many of the converters have no input power factor correction circuits. The effect of power factor correction circuit is used to eliminate the harmonics present in the system. This type of power factor correction circuit is mostly used in the Switched Reluctance Motor controller drive. Fixed capacitor systems are always leading power factor under at any load conditions. This is unhealthy for installations of power system. The proposed embedded system drive is used to reduce the cost of the equipment and increase the efficiency of the system. Experimental results of the proposed systems are included. It is better choice for effective cost process and energy savings.


Integration and seamless networking of different wireless technologies is one of the driving scenarios in the contemporary research. In recent years, mobile phones have seen an influx of attractive on-demand multimedia services with strict QoS requirements. This work investigates the QoS for delay sensitive services under the design framework of a heterogeneous network. Multi Radio Transmission Diversity (MRTD), which exploits the benefits of dynamic usage of different access technologies, is tested using simulations for Voice-over-IP on multi-radio wireless devices. The network technologies in this study include HSDPA on UMTS and IEEE 802.11. By applying various MRTD schemes, gains in performance have been observed in terms of average packet delay, packet loss and goodput as compared to a legacy system which operates under only one network access for a given session. The MRTD schemes have been analyzed for various simulation scenarios characterized by varying traffic load and radio propagation conditions.


This paper addresses the problem of hazard recognition and risk assessment in open and non-predictive environments to support decision making and action selection for UAS. Decision making and action selection incorporate decreasing situational risks and maintain safety as operational constraints. Commonly, neither existing safety standards nor the situation modeling or knowledge representation is considered in that context. This contribution applies a novel approach denoted as a Safety-Driven Behavior Management for UAS focusing on situation modeling, and the problem of knowledge representation in the context of situational risks. It combines the safety standards-oriented hazards analysis and the risk assessment approach with the machine learning-based situation recognition. The illustrative scenario and first experimental results underline the feasibility of the novel approach.


Abstract:  We used microsatellites and mtDNA sequences to examine the mixed effects of geophysical, habitat, and contemporary urban barriers on the genetics of threatened Alameda Striped Racers (Coluber lateralis euryxanthus), a species with close ties to declining coastal scrub and chaparral habitat in the eastern San Francisco Bay area of California. We used cluster assignments to characterize population genetic structuring with respect to land management units and approximate Bayesian analysis to rank the ability of five alternative evolutionary hypotheses to explain the inferred structure. Then, we estimated rates of contemporary and historical migration among the major clusters and measured the fit of different historical migration models to better understand the formation of the current population structure. Our results reveal a ring-like pattern of historical connectivity around the Tri-Valley area of the East Bay (i.e., San Ramon, Amador, and Livermore valleys), with clusters largely corresponding to different management units. We found no evidence of continuous gene flow throughout the ring, however, and that the main gap in continuity is centered across the Livermore Valley. Historical migration models support higher rates of gene flow away from the terminal ends of the ring on the north and south sides of the Valley, compared with rates into those areas from western sites that border the interior San Francisco Bay. We attribute the break in ring-like connectivity to the presence of unsuitable habitat within the Livermore Valley that has been reinforced by 20th century urbanization, and the asymmetry in gene flow rates to spatial constraints on movement and east–west environmental gradients influenced by the proximity of the San Francisco Bay.


Quantum optical information technologies such as key distribution systems for secure communications, which are based on the discrete and quantum properties of photons, are now commercial products. Market take-up of these and other developing quantum technologies will be compromised unless there are traceable measurements to validate the performance of these devices. We highlight some ongoing collaborative research that will provide the required high accuracy techniques for the few and single photon regime, including operation at telecom wavelengths.


A consistent linear theory is developed for determining the importance of boundary layer friction for thermally forced gravity and Rossby wave modes. Analytic case studies are developed on a mid-latitude β-plane in order to retain separability of the linearized equations in the presence of boundary layer friction in a slab mixed layer. It is found that frictional convergence is important in synoptic-scale Rossby waves (but not gravity waves). If the feedback between the boundary layer and the interior solution is not properly taken into account, however, it is found that the boundary layer convergence will be incorrectly evaluated and may be considerably overestimated. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00733.x


BACKGROUND
It is relatively rare to encounter a case of neovascular glaucoma induced by malignant lymphoma metastasized into the eyeball.

CASE
A 79-year-old woman initially visited our ophthalmology clinic with the chief complaint of blurring of vision in the left eye which was affected by neovascular glaucoma. She had a history of systemic malignant lymphoma, first diagnosed from skin biopsy and treated to complete remission 3 years previously. A metastatic brain lesion, detected 2 months before her initial visit to our clinic, was cured by radiotherapy.

FINDINGS
By ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) we detected abnormal thickening of the temporal half of the ciliary body of her left eye. Cytological examination of the aqueous humor revealed invasion by malignant cells of presumed lymphocyte origin. Radiation therapy to the left eye normalized the intraocular pressure in a week, followed by a reduction in the neovascularization of the iris and the thickening of the ciliary body.

CONCLUSION
This case showed that metastatic malignant lymphoma in the eye could result in neovascular glaucoma and that UBM is useful to detect and to observe lesions in the iris and ciliary body.


The first few months of juvenile independence is a critical period for survival as young must learn new behaviours to forage efficiently. Social learning by observing parents (vertical transmission) or others (horizontal/oblique transmission) may be important to overcome naivety, but these tutors are likely to differ in their reliability due to variation in their own experience. How young animals use different social information sources, however, has received little attention. Here we tested if wild juvenile hihi (Notiomystis cincta, a New Zealand passerine) retained foraging behaviours learned from parents, or if behaviour changed after independence in response to peers. We first trained parents with feeders during chick rearing: one-third could access food from any direction, one-third could access food from one side only, and the remaining third had no feeder. During post-fledge parental care, juveniles chose the same side as their parents. Once independent, juveniles formed mixed-treatment groups naturally so we then presented feeders with two equally profitable sides. Juveniles with natal feeder experience were quicker to use these feeders initially, but side choice was now random. Over time, however, juveniles converged on using one side of the feeder (which differed between groups). This apparent conformity was because juvenile hihi paid attention to the behaviour of their group and were more likely to choose the locally-favoured side as the number of visits to that side increased. They did not copy the choice of specific individuals, even when they were more social or more familiar with the preceding bird. Our study shows that early social experiences with parents affect foraging decisions, but later social environments lead juveniles to modify their behaviour.


Bank regulators are concerned with the dramatic increase and risk exposure of Off-Balance Sheet (OBS) banking activities in recent years, and proposed that some OBS activities be included in the calculation of a risk-based capital requirement. This paper investigates the riskiness of OBS activities. Specifically, this paper reports on three capital market tests of OBS banking risk: the impact of OBS activities on the risk-premia of subordinated debt, on equity risk and on systematic risk of large commercial banks and bank holding companies. The underlying premise of this study is that the bank stockholders and subordinated debtholders are more exposed to the risk of bank failure resulting from OBS banking risk than insured and uninsured deposit holders. If a BS activities are significantly related to market measures of bank risk, then "market discipline" of such activities exists. The empirical literature, to date, has ignored the impact of CBS banking risk on the default risk-premia borne by subordinated debtholders. The results indicate that most a BS activities reduce risk premia and equity risk, but do not affect systematic risk. Both stockholders and subordinated debtholders price these a BS activities as risk-reducing. Therefore, regulatory interference in the form of additional capital requirement of a BS activities will penalize large commercial banks and will create distortions in the financial intermediation market.


An insurer's duty to defend in connection with liability insurance policies is well-established and reasonably well understood. The consequences for the breach of that duty, however, are much less clear. On one hand, one might argue that this duty is a contractual duty giving rise to contractual remedies. The insured provides its own defense and, if the insurer wrongfully failed to provide a defense, the insured is entitled to reimbursement of its defense costs. On the other hand, this remedy seems insufficient; the value on an insurer's participation in the defense of a case goes beyond well merely paying the legal fees. It includes advice, strategy, and a greater likelihood that the insurer will participate in a settlement. In an attempt to account for the intangible benefits of a defense, another approach to the consequence of an insurer's breach of the duty to defend is like a forfeiture; an insurer which wrongfully refuses to defend may give up its policy defenses.


BACKGROUND:
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a notorious infection and a major health problem in developing countries causing serious local damage and threatening complications. Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative micro organisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity ensures prompt clinical recovery and possible complications can thus be avoided.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
The aim of this study was to isolate the organisms associated with CSOM, to detect the antibiogram of the aerobic isolates, to study the prevalence of Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to compare the antibiotic resistance pattern of MBL producing and non-MBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A total of 150 patients clinically diagnosed of CSOM were enrolled in the study and the samples were collected from the ENT department of Government Rajaji Hospital Madurai, from January 2015-june 2016 .The samples obtained from each patient using sterile cotton swabs and cultured for microbial flora. Drug susceptibility testing for aerobic isolates was conducted using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Screening for MBL was done by Imipenem (10μg) disk and phenotypic confirmation of MBL was done by combined disk method. Genotypically confirmed by PCR. (blaVIM).
RESULTS:
The most common causative organisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (56.44%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus(25.77%) amongst the 163 aerobic isolates The Metallo-beta-lactamase production among the Carbapnem resistant isolates were 6 (60 %) The percentage of Metallo-beta–lactamase production among Pseudomona aeruginosa was 6.52%. High level of drug resistance was observed for Gentamicin and Amikacin 83.33% TheMetallo-Beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa were shown to exhibit more resistance than non metallo-beta-lactamase producing isolates.
CONCLUSION:
Knowing the etiological agents of CSOM and their antimicrobial susceptibility is of essential importance for an efficient treatment, prevention of both complications and development of antibiotic resistance and finally, the reduction of the treatment costs. Judicious use of antibiotics, rapid isolation of patients suspected to have Carbapenm resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and regular testing of all isolates for Metallo-beta-lactamase production among Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recommended for the prevention of tramission of Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


Autoimmunity to salivary duct cells has been suggested in Sjögren's symdrome (SjS). We were interested in the secretory component (SC) of secretory IgA (s-IgA) as a common duct cell antigen of systemic exocrine glands because of the possible analogy between SC in SjS and thyroglobulin in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Therefore, we isolated s-IgA as a source of SC from human milk and investigated lymphocyte responses to s-IgA in patients with SjS. Higher mitogenic indices against s-IgA were demonstrated in SjS than in rheumatoid arthritis, other autoimmune diseases and normal persons. In addition, mitogenic indices in patients with SjS alone were significantly higher than those in SjS patients with associated diseases. These results suggest both the role of SC as a common antigen of exocrine glands in the pathology of SjS, and the presence of an etiologically different subgroup in patients with SjS.


SUMMARY Adjustments in mitochondrial properties and capacities are crucial in acclimatization to seasonal cold as well as in evolutionary cold adaptation of marine ectotherms. To examine whether gene expression mechanisms contribute to different settings of aerobic capacities in populations of cod (Gadus morhua) along a latitudinal cline, maximum activities of key enzymes of mitochondrial metabolism and their respective mRNA levels were compared in white muscle and liver of cold (4°C) and warm (10°C) acclimated individuals from cod populations of the North Sea and the Barents Sea, respectively. In white muscle, cold acclimation caused a parallel increase in citrate synthase (CS) and in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities, but with a much larger effect in the cold eurythermal Arctic population. In liver, cold acclimation was accompanied by increments in CS activities, but differences between populations were minor. Overall COX activities in liver were not affected by cold acclimation, but were higher in the cold adapted population. In both populations increments in muscle CS capacities were tightly correlated with elevated mRNA levels, suggesting transcriptional control of citrate synthase levels in muscle. In liver, CS mRNA levels differed between populations but were not affected by cold acclimation, so that post-transcriptional control may contribute to elevated functional levels in this tissue. Mitochondrial-encoded COX2 mRNA levels were not limiting for functional activities in both tissues, in favour of post-transcriptional control or limitations by other transcripts of the COX complex. Altogether, the differentiation in gene expression between both populations was more strongly expressed at 4°C. The comparison of functional levels and transcript levels may reflect genetic differentiation at functional sites, in line with genetic differences between the two populations previously established by non-coding genetic markers.


Fluorescein and, more recently, indocyanine green angiography generally are used in the detection of choroidal neovascular membranes, the major cause of decreased visual acuity in age-related macular degeneration. The findings reported herein indicate that infrared light imaging (at 795 nm 1 ) may also be useful in the detection of well-defined neovascular membranes. Infrared images and fluorescein angiograms were obtained by means of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Scanning Laser Opthalmoscope 101, Rodenstock Instrument GmbH, Ottobrunn-Riemerling, Germany), using a 785-nm diode laser in confocal mode with different apertures for infrared images and a 488-nm argon laser with a 530-nm filter for fluorescein angiography. The fluorescein angiograms of 10 consecutive patients with well-defined neovascular membranes were compared with images obtained using infrared light. In all of these cases, the infrared images of the membrane showed a white contour that corresponded fairly closely in size and shape to that demonstrated by fluorescein angiography ( Figure


Machine learning techniques are applicable to computer system optimization. We show that shared memory multiprocessors can successfully utilize machine learning algorithms for memory access pattern prediction. In particular three different on-line machine learning prediction techniques were tested to learn and predict repetitive memory access patterns for three typical parallel processing applications, the 2-D relaxation algorithm, matrix multiply and Fast Fourier Transform on a shared memory multiprocessor. The predictions were then used by a routing control algorithm to reduce control latency in the interconnection network by configuring the interconnection network to provide needed memory access paths before they were requested. Three trainable prediction techniques were used and tested: 1). a Markov predictor, 2). a linear predictor and 3). a time delay neural network (TDNN) predictor. Different predictors performed best on different applications, but the TDNN produced uniformly good results.


Nocardia spp. cerebral abscesses are rare and usually occur in immunocompromised patients. We report two recent cases of cerebral abscesses due to Nocardia farcinica in immunocompetent patients and review the literature about diagnosis and therapeutic issues. Outcome was good for the two patients following an early identification of the bacteria. Stereotactic biopsy was performed in one case and craniotomy with excision of the abscess in the other case. In both cases, complete identification of the bacteria could be achieved, followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy. Exposure to the germ (mainly telluric) is often difficult to suspect from the past medical history of the patient. Diagnosis is also unexpected. Despite the typically and characteristic aspect on CT and MRI, specific identification and anti-microbial sensitivity profiles are necessary to optimize treatment. In some rare cases, unusual species like Nocardia farcinica, can be resistant to numerous antibiotics requiring adjustments of medical management. Early identification of the bacteria is necessary to achieve good outcome in immunocompetents patients.


Multiplicative growth processes that are subject to random shocks often have a skewed distribution of outcomes. A simple laboratory experiment shows that participants either strongly underestimate skewness or ignore it completely. The participants' choices reveal bounds on their subjective medians of a financial asset's price that is subject to stochastic growth. The observed bias in expectations is irrespective to risk preferences and fairly robust to feedback. It is consistent with a behavioral model in which geometric growth is confused with linear growth. The bias is a possible explanation of investors' misunderstandings of real-world financial products like leveraged ETFs. JEL-Classification: C91, D03


Curiously enough Mr. Tomes specifically admits not knowing how civilisation affects the teeth. He says: There appears to be no room for doubt that increased civilisation predisposes to caries, though as yet it is uncertain in what way it does so.3 And I am quite sure that Mr. Smale would admit that when I published my book, "this very difficult problem" was "baffling all research." Surely no man would accuse these writers of being unacquainted with what was " to a very large extent common knowledge." I think what I have said proves beyond dispute that instead of the points referred to being to a very large extent common knowledge, previous writers on this subject have been totally unacquainted with the views I put forward. Indeed, a confession of inability to give such an explanation as is contained in my investigation, and subsequently in the report of the Committee, is openly or implicitly made. Whether ideas which were deduced from biological principles4 from an acquaintance with the chemico-parasitical theory of caries, from experiments and observations carried .out on my own and other mouths, and a general acquaintance with the literature of the subject, can be called " entirely -original," is of little consequence. I think if the Committee started even from similar grounds and co-ordinated their ideas so as to arrive at the same result, the coincidence is very remarkable; and if they arrived at the conclusions after reading my work, as you think very likely the chief compiler of report may have done, then I say an acknowledgment might 'fairly have been expected. For not only is the omission con-spicuous, as other apparently less readily acceptable theories have been acknowledged, but also because my investigation is recent, and, I understand, the only book on the subject. It appears also to be, on your own showing, clearly presented and to carry conviction. Further, I think it might have been referred to because the arguments which led to the conclusions are given. It was intended partly to stimulate interest in the subject in the medical profession that the report was to be made; so, too, was my book. Further, a proffered solution to practically all the questions upon which further knowledge is solicited by the Committee is to be found in it. Finally, because the medical profession has it largely in its power to stamp out this frightfully prevalent and painful disease if the conclusions which I published and which have been endorsed in Athe report are true. It is a belief shared by many that before the publication of my investigation the cause-of the prevalence and early decay of teeth was practically completely unknown, whereas since its publication the cause is believed to be known and in a geneTal way beyond a doubt.-I am, etc.,


To explore the molecular mechanism of insulin on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cell under high glucose conditions. We first investigated the effect of different concentrations of insulin on the osteoblast cell proliferation and cell differentiation at various time points by MTT analysis, cell cycle analysis, and expression detection of differentiation genes. Then, we used 200 ng/mL of insulin to treat the osteoblast cell at different time points for identifying the common differentially expressed mRNAs among various time points by RNA sequencing. Thirdly, we performed the gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to explore the biological function of these common differentially expressed mRNAs. The results showed that insulin promoted the cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cell. In RNA sequencing, a total of 31 common differentially expressed mRNAs were identified between different time points. Mt1, Tmem135, Avp, and Dlg2 were found to be associated with the new bone formation. In addition, three important signalling pathways, namely, lysosome, glutamatergic synapse, and chemokine signalling pathways, were found in the KEGG enrichment analysis. Our work demonstrated that insulin could promote the osteoblast cell proliferation and cell differentiation, which may play a key role in bone formation.


Research on studentslearning stresses the importance of considering cognitive, metacognitive, motivational and behavioral variables. Nevertheless, environment in which learning takes place should be considered too, because context has crucial repercussions. Distance education is experiencing major growth and this article examines differences between students in the face-to-face and virtual educational environments of two spanish universities. Results showed that students in the virtual environment university are characterized by higher levels of task orientation, task value, control of learning beliefs, self-efficacy for learning and performance, and the strategies of rehearsal, organization and metacognitive self-regulation. Whereas students in the face- to-face environment university are characterized by higher levels of test anxiety and peer learning.


Self-indicating methylisocyanate resin, which functions as both a scavenger and an indicator for amines, was used for in-situ reaction monitoring and purification of a urea based library.


It is widely accepted that the United Kingdom (UK) needs more engineers and professionals with skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) to benefit the economy and keep up with technological change and innovation. However, the true nature of engineering and STEM careers is often misunderstood, with secondary school pupils unable to identify where engineering benefits their everyday lives. This suggests that the societal impacts of engineering are not well-defined within secondary education, causing a lack of diversity in pupils pursuing STEM careers. The authors have developed an activity that demonstrates the true problem-solving nature of engineering, and the numerous ways in which these skills can be applied to everyday life. While most practical 'design, build and test' (DBT) exercises aim to foster student engagement with STEM, this activity also emphasises how the engineering design process is a crucial tool for reaching an optimum solution. Pupils work in teams generating ideas and learning from failure, gaining a greater appreciation of how engineers work and the truly exciting nature of engineering. They achieve this by using the engineering design process to help them complete a DBT activity involving building a bridge from limited materials and testing how much weight it can hold. To ensure all pupils have the same opportunities for engagement, the method of delivery, activity design, key learning outcomes, discussion points, and activity relevance have been carefully considered for pupils across a range of age groups, backgrounds, and subject interests. This makes the designed activity ideal for integration into various subject lessons in secondary school classrooms to expose pupils to engineering. The authors have successfully delivered this activity during numerous outreach schemes for pupils visiting the University of Bath, especially noting pupils' engagement and enthusiasm.


Normal faults offset a bedrock surface scoured by Pleistocene ice in several areas within and south of Yellowstone National Park. Recurrent earthquake shocks and fresh appearance of some scarps suggest that movement is continuing along some faults. Four systems of faults are described. Quaternary movement occurred along more than 60 faults on the Mirror Plateau, 15 miles northeast of Yellowstone Lake. Faults trend northwest, and several are more than 6 miles long. Maximum displacement exceeds 250 feet. The majority have northeast blocks downdropped, but some grabens and horsts are present. Eocene to Pliocene igneous or pyroclastic rocks are displaced. Ice moved southwest and south from the Beartooth and Absaroka ranges, nearly at right angles to the fault trends. Drainage in many ice-scoured valleys was disrupted by faulting, and small lakes (such as Mirror Lake) formed on downthrown blocks. Thermal activity occurs along some of these faults. Directly east of Mirror Plateau, the Lamar normal fault has a displacement of 1300 + feet; perhaps 1000 feet of this may have occurred during Quaternary time. The Yellowstone Falls fault system cuts Pliocene rhyolite southeast of the Upper Falls of the Yellowstone River. Faults trend northwest; maximum displacement exceeds 200 feet. The Solfatara fault system trends north-northwest, cuts Pliocene rhyolite, and has a maximum Quaternary displacement of about 200 feet. The Hering Lake fault system is a northern extension of the Teton fault, trends northward, and cuts Pliocene rhyolite and rhyolitic welded tuff. Maximum displacement is about 200 feet. West-flowing streams established on bedrock scoured by ice were disrupted, and Beula, Hering, and South Boundary lakes formed on the downthrown (east) blocks. The sharp angular unstepped appearance of fault scarps 50 to 200 feet high in these fault systems suggests that each scarp of this type was formed by one continuous movement. The displacement along faults associated with the Hebgen earthquake of August 1959 is commonly less than 20 feet. The abundance of Quaternary faults and the record of 18 earthquakes in historic time suggest that additional faulting and earthquake activity can be expected in the future. Recognition of this probability should influence the location and type of construction of buildings and other facilities.


Public key cryptography plays a crucial role in securing our everyday communications. However, as Peter Shor showed, the public key cyptosystems that are being used today will be broken once a large scale quantum computer appears. There are public key cryptosystems that are based on relatively harder problems and are believed to remain secure even if a large scale quantum computer is built. One proposal in this area is supersingular isogeny-based cryptography, where the security is based on computing isogenies between supersingular elliptic curves. The most famous cryptosystem based on supersingular isogenies is the supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman (SIDH) key exchange by Jao and De Feo. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the theoretical background of supersingular isogeny-based cryptography, and evaluate the current status of SIDH key exchange in practice. Along the way we discuss how isogenies in SIDH give rise to non-backtracking walks in supersingular isogeny graphs, and we perform simulations to describe the behavior of these walks. We also provide an optimized and efficient software implementation of SIDH key exchange in Rust, and compare its performance with the currently available stateof-the-art implementations to assess its practicality.


Power supply noise has become a major challenge for proper operation of circuits with continuous scaling of CMOS technology along with supply voltage scaling. Conventional passive decoupling capacitors exhibit significant die area penalty resulting in a limited regulation effect. This paper presents a fully integrated charge-sharing-based active decap scheme for power supply noise suppression. The proposed idea is based on allocating a portion of the available passive decap to be used as an active decap that is charged up to a higher voltage and shares its boosted charge with the noisy rail upon droop detection. The proposed scheme uses a charge pump for providing the higher voltage node, as well as a detector circuit for droop detection. The system is implemented in 32 nm CMOS process, and achieves up to ~47% worst-case droop reduction with reduced ringing and settling time, at minimal area and power penalties.


This is an authoritative, conveniently collected set of status reports on 50 compounds with potential for causing adverse health effects in exposed humans.


Background Electronic health (eHealth) literacy is needed to effectively engage with Web-based health resources. The 8-item eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) is a commonly used self-report measure of eHealth literacy. Accumulated evidence has suggested that the eHEALS is unidimensional. However, a recent study by Sudbury-Riley and colleagues suggested that a theoretically-informed three-factor model fit better than a one-factor model. The 3 factors identified were awareness (2 items), skills (3 items), and evaluate (3 items). It is important to determine whether these findings can be replicated in other populations. Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to verify the three-factor eHEALS structure among magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) medical imaging outpatients. Methods MRI and CT outpatients were recruited consecutively in the waiting room of one major public hospital. Participants self-completed a touchscreen computer survey, assessing their sociodemographic, scan, and internet use characteristics. The eHEALS was administered to internet users, and the three-factor structure was tested using structural equation modeling. Results Of 405 invited patients, 87.4% (354/405) were interested in participating in the study, and of these, 75.7% (268/354) were eligible. Of the eligible participants, 95.5% (256/268) completed all eHEALS items. Factor loadings were 0.80 to 0.94 and statistically significant (P<.001). All reliability measures were acceptable (indicator reliability: awareness=.71-.89, skills=.78-.80, evaluate=.64-.79; composite reliability: awareness=.89, skills=.92, evaluate=.89; variance extracted estimates: awareness=.80, skills=.79, evaluate=.72). Two out of three goodness-of-fit indices were adequate (standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=.038; comparative fit index (CFI)=.944; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=.156). Item 3 was removed because of its significant correlation with item 2 (Lagrange multiplier [LM] estimate 104.02; P<.001) and high loading on 2 factors (LM estimate 91.11; P<.001). All 3 indices of the resulting 7-item model indicated goodness of fit (χ211=11.3; SRMR=.013; CFI=.999; RMSEA=.011). Conclusions The three-factor eHEALS structure was supported in this sample of MRI and CT medical imaging outpatients. Although further factorial validation studies are needed, these 3 scale factors may be used to identify individuals who could benefit from interventions to improve eHealth literacy awareness, skill, and evaluation competencies.


This paper presents an optimum distributed microstrip structure highpass filter having a cutoff frequency 1.3 GHz. The distributed elements used for this design are such as commensurate (equal electrical length) transmission line elements. The proposed design consists of shorted circuited stub microstrip transmission lines on a commercial substrate (RT/D 5880) with a relative dielectric constant 2.2 and 1.57 mm thickness. This filter exhibits a highpass band with steep cutoff. A sample filter is designed based upon the theory presented and it has been simulated with the S-parameters and IE3D software. Advanced computer aided design tools and a high precision thin film process make such filters predictable and repeatable. These filters have less radiation, dispersion and sensitivity to nearby objects.


The Beiya skarn gold deposit is located in the eastern Tethyan orogenic belt in western Yunnan province, China. It is one of the largest gold deposits in China, with significant amounts of silver and base metals. To the end of 2014, the estimated resources are 125 million tonnes (Mt) of ore, grading 2.42 g/t Au, 0.48 wt % Cu, 25.5 wt % Fe, 38.85 g/t Ag, 1.24 wt % Pb, and 0.53 wt % Zn. Skarn alteration and mineralization are related to shoshonitic quartz monzonite porphyries that were emplaced in Triassic carbonates (Beiya Formation). Re-Os dating on molybdenite from a skarn orebody indicates an ore-forming age of 36.82 ± 0.48 Ma, which is consistent with previous dating results of the quartz monzonite porphyries. At least two paragenetic stages of skarn minerals and associated sulfides were recognized, with the early stage typified by garnet ± pyroxene, magnetite, and calcite, and the late stage characterized by epidote, amphibole, chlorite, quartz, and calcite, containing up to 70% sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, and minor pyrrhotite). The early skarn is dominated by anhydrous minerals, which were replaced by hydrous minerals formed during the late stage. The garnet in the Beiya deposit is andradite rich (Ad36–97Gr3–61), and pyroxene is relatively diopside rich (Di8–91Hd7–89). This mineral assemblage indicates an oxidized skarn system, similar to other Au-Cu, Fe-bearing skarn deposits around the world. Fluid inclusions from pyroxene indicate precipitation from high-temperature and high- to moderate-salinity fluids (420°–530°C, 11.1–43.3 wt % NaCl equiv), which probably results from boiling of a moderately saline magmatic fluid. Cooler (180°–365°C) and moderate- to low-salinity fluids (1.6–16.5 wt % NaCl equiv) were trapped in garnet and quartz and are interpreted to be responsible for gold deposition. Chlorite chemistry indicates ore-forming temperatures between 300° and 340°C, in agreement with fluid inclusion data. It appears that gold was transported as chloride complexes under oxidized conditions and was deposited at temperatures of about 300°C, when transport of chloride complexes as gold carriers was less efficient.


T245 Immigration, Diversity and Broadcasting in the United States, 1990-2001 The Last Decade Of The Twentieth Century brought a maturing of the new racial and ethnic communities in the United States and the emergence of diversity and multiculturalism as dominant fields of discourse in legal, educational, and cultural contexts. Immigration, Diversity, and Broadcasting in the United States, 1990-2001 is a contribution to our understanding of the web of relationships that existed at the intersection of immigration, race, and broadcasting in America during this period. Professor Vibert C. Cambridge investigates and questions how broadcasting in the United States responded to the changing racial and ethnic composition of the society. What patterns could be drawn from these responses? What roles were served? What roles are currently being served? What stimulated the changing of roles? Ultimately, Immigration, Diversity, and Broadcasting in the United States evaluates the performance of the American broadcasting industry. The answers to this book's core questions provide insights into how the American broadcasting industry responded to freedom, equality, diversity, information quality, social order, and solidarity at century's end.


In order to solve the optimal task distribution problem of the master/slave control in the internet-based tele-operation robot system, the task criterion which varies with the task requirement of the tele-operation robot system was given. Then, compute the optimization control solution of the master/slave using physical programming method. In the end, the efficiency of this was verified by experiments in internet-based tele-operation soccer robot system.