Tyrosine kinases (TK) are frequently deregulated in human cancer and they play important roles in tumor progression. Since then, they have become valuable therapeutic targets and several inhibitors are currently used in the clinic. For example, the BCR-ABL inhibitor nilotinib is currently used for the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here we show that this antileukemic drug also inhibits invasive properties of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Inhibition was observed at the same dose-range for growth inhibition of CML cells. Nilotinib also strongly reduced liver metastasis induced by injection of CRC cells in the spleen of nude mice. Since we could not detect Abl deregulation in CRC cells, we speculated the involvement of an alternative target to be identified. Interestingly, a previous chemical-proteomic approach identified DDR1 as a novel target of nilotinib (Rix et al, Blood, 2007). DDR1 is a poorly-characterized TK and a receptor for collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix. Accordingly, we found that DDR1 catalytic activity regulates cell invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. In addition, we demonstrate that nilotinib pharmacological activity is mediated by the inhibition of DDR1 in CRC cells: expression of the nilotinib resistant DDR1/T701I mutant renders CRC cells resistant to nilotinib treatment. Finally, we found that DDR1 catalytic activity is significantly increased in metastatic nodules compared to the primary tumor and the healthy tissue of the same patient. Altogether, these data suggest that the targeting of DDR1 by nilotinib may be of therapeutic value in metastatic CRC. Citation Format: Priscillia Tosti, Cedric Leroy, Valerie Simon, Bruno Robert, Josiane Pierre, Audrey Sirvent, Serge Roche. The antileukemic drug nilotinib inhibits the invasive activity and the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2085. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2085 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.


Background Unregistered health and social care workers arguably provide the bulk of end of life care. They spend more time with people than trained staff, undertake more personal care and are often seen as the closest ally and friend by the people who may entrust them with unique confidences and share fears and hopes. Eleven support workers taking a 2 year foundation degree in palliative and supportive care participated in an evaluation study. Communication skills training including role play was embedded in two modules. Methods Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used at 4 time points over 2 years. Responses to the FATCODb, meaninglessness questionnaire and PERT self assessment of efficacy were analysed descriptively and interviews thematically. Results Confidence increased in responding to a patient who says 'I can see no meaning in life' for those who felt unconfident in this at the start of the degree. Although some still reported 'feeling uncomfortable talking about impending death with the dying person' there was decreased agreement with 'I would feel uncomfortable if I entered the room of a terminally ill person and found him/her crying'. The median score for self evaluated effectiveness in communicating with patients with advanced and terminal illness and their families increased from 5 to 8.5 on an 11 point scale. Interviews identified much greater confidence in working with communication scenarios that students previously would have found challenging and would have avoided or disengaged with. Use of silence was a key new strategy. Conclusion Students felt more able to deal with challenging situations and self-reflective as well as externally reported practice indicated a greater competence in key end of life communication tasks. Students identified the pivotal importance of confidence and competence in communication which underpinned the outcomes for all aspects of end of life care.


Haemopoietic growth factors both stimulate the growth and maturation of marrow precursor cells and enhance the functional activities of mature myelomonocytic effector cells. These biological effects are consistent with the expression of functional colony stimulating factor receptors on granulocytes and monocytes as well as on those immature marrow cells with proliferative potential. As the number of defined haemopoietic growth factors increases, both general perspectives of effector cell function and pathways of growth factor-induced signal transduction become more complex and less clearly understood. Although most known haemopoietic growth factors are briefly discussed, an effort has been made to focus on granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as a prototypic inducer of enhanced neutrophil, eosinophil and macrophage effector cell function.


Background: We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to identify a reliable estimate of sleep disorders prevalence among children in mainland China and to describe its epidemiological characteristics.Methods: Relevant studies were searched thoroughly via electronic databases included China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang,Weipu,PubMed,Web of Science and Medline databases from inception until December 2020.Prevalence estimates were calculated by random-effects models. The sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analyses and Meta-regression analysis, and publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger's Test. Results: Overall, 66 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which revealed that the pooled prevalence of sleep disorders was 37.6% (95%CI: 34.3-40.9%)with high heterogeneity (I2=99.6%,P=0.000).The prevalence rate of sleep disorders among males was higher than females (OR:1.01,95%CI:1.05-1.13).In all age groups, the prevalence rates of sleep disorders increased with age, including infancy or early childhood group(33.3%),pre-school group(38.9%), school-age group(43.7%). The prevalence rate in South China (30.4%, 95%CI: 23.9–36.8%) was the lowest, and the highest prevalence rate was in West China (47.4 %,95%CI:35.9–58.9%), which than any other region in China. The point estimate for sleep disorders prevalence obtained using the CSHQ criterion was higher than other criteria.Meta-regression indicated that age group could influence prevalence estimation (P = 0.011).Conclusions: Over the past two decades, the prevalence rate of sleep disorders among children in mainland China has increased, significantly affecting two-fifth of the school-age children. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders in west China was significantly higher than in any other area. There is still a lack of guidelines on children's sleep disorders in mainland China, so future research should pay special attention to the sleep disorders of school-age children and children in economically backward areas.


Application developers require cloud solutions that offer a highly scalable and secure development environment. Some Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions fail to meet the security requirements of developers, administrators, and final users in a satisfactory and flexible manner. While some providers do offer secure cloud solutions, users are obliged to redesign and adapt their applications in order to conform to the provided environment. The present work introduces MagosCloud Secure, a highly-scalable, opportunistic, declarative, and secure solution constructed on the basis of MagosCloud[1], designed to meet the needs of traditional and e-science application developers. It allows the deployment of a variety of platforms, providing an access control model whereby developers may declaratively state how they wish their data and application resources to be automatically shared with other users. It relies on the concept of `separation of concerns', such that developers need only be concerned with creating their applications, entrusting MagosCloud Secure with the responsibility of providing a secure, highly scalable platform. Finally, the results of tests concerning the automatic generation of secure platforms, as well as run time considerations, are analyzed.


The transcription factor p53 is under negative regulation by the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and its close homologue MDM4. In the bound complex between MDM2 and p53, the transactivation domain of p53 adopts an amphipathic helical conformation which optimizes the spatial organization of 3 key hydrophobic residues (Phe19, Trp23, Leu26) for maximum interactions. The interaction with MDM2 is known to be abrogated by phosphorylation of Ser/Thr residues in the MDM2 N-terminal domain and in the p53 transactivation domain. In the latter, phosphorylation of Thr18 has been attributed to destabilize a key hbond between Thr18 and Asp21. This interaction has been thought to be critical for the formation of the helical conformation of the p53 transactivation domain. Molecular dynamics simulations of the p53 transactivation domain suggest that phosphorylation of either Thr18 or Ser20 does not disrupt its helical structure but does result in reduced affinities for MDM2. While interactions between the Thr18 and Asp21 are indeed broken due to charge-charge repulsions, the peptide has enough inherent flexibility to form alternate patterns of hbonds, resulting in the maintenance of helicity. Electrostatics of MDM2 reveal local anionic patches in the region where Thr18 docks. These suggest that repulsions will arise because the MDM2 surface will force the p53 to bind in a manner that will place the negatively charged phosphorylated Thr18 near this anionic region. A similar, albeit somewhat attenuated pattern of electrostatic modulations, is seen for a model of MDM4 that has been built. Mutants of MDM2 and MDM4 have been designed to attenuate this anionicity and have been computationally demonstrated to enhance the binding of the phosphorylated peptides.


This paper reports a finding from a reading test done in order to outline the mental representation of High School students, based on the theory of levels of representation proposed by Kintsch and Van Dijk (1983). The test is part of a research project, Developing a teaching strategy for the improvement of the mental representation of expository texts in High School students, FHU-294-11.


This study differentiates and determines the problem as well as the determinants of moral hazard in financing higher education. Moral hazard is a phenomenon that occurs when financial costs of risks undertaken are being transferred onto a third person. It occurs when a person – individual or institution – acts differently because they are detached from the risks; hence, they consciously enter a risk knowing that someone else has to bear the costs of such behavior. Research on moral hazard has arisen from the fields of finance and insurance; it is related to asymmetric information, the relationship between agent and principal in finance, as well as to irresponsible risk behavior. With this study the authors aim to identify problems that arise in the moral hazard process in higher education financing. The Kitchenham Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach has been applied in this study, as published in the Clarivate Web of Science Core Collection. The research findings identify scarce theoretical foundation, on the basis of which the authors have carried a couple of research variations. A table of occurrence of moral hazard in higher education financing is presented in this paper, as well as a number of recommendations for further research on this topic.
Keywords: moral hazard, higher education, financing, Kitchenham Systematic Review


Soilless cultivation is recognized globally for its ability to support efficient and intensive plant production. While production systems vary, most utilize a porous substrate or growing medium for plant provision of water and nutrients. Until relatively recently, the main drivers for the selection of the component materials in growing media were largely based on performance and economic considerations. However, increasing concern over the environmental impacts of some commonly used materials, has led researchers to identify and assess more environmentally sound alternatives. There has been an understandable focus on renewable materials from agricultural, industrial and municipal waste streams; while many of these show promise at an experimental level, few have been taken up on a significant scale. To ensure continued growth and sustainable development of soilless cultivation, it is vital that effective and environmentally sustainable materials for growing media are identified. Here we describe the factors influencing material selection, and review the most commonly used organic materials in relation to these. We summarise some of the renewable, primary and waste stream materials that have been investigated to date, highlighting the benefits and challenges associated with their uptake. In response to the need for researchers to better identify promising new materials, we present an evidence-based argument for a more consistent approach to characterising growing media and for a clearer understanding of the practical and economic realities of modern soilless cultivation systems. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


In this study, we investigated the relationship between the sex of cloned pigs and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Three cell lines (2 male and 1 female) were obtained from F1 fetuses derived from 3 different dams (Yorkshire) inseminated by the same sire (Landrace); one female fibroblast cell line was obtained from a Duroc-strain fetus acquired from a slaughterhouse, the age of the fetus unknown. The fetal fibroblast cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum under 5% CO2 in air at 37°C. For NT, we used the 4 cell lines described above. All 37 cloned piglets derived from 10 pregnant recipients were alive at term and began breathing readily. Of those piglets born, 18/22 males and 5/15 females died within 2 months of age. A total of 350 paraffin blocks from 18 deceased cloned male piglets and 90 paraffin blocks from six age-matched normal control piglets were prepared from the midbrain, medulla oblongata, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, small and large intestine, thymus, uterus, placenta, ovary, testis, skin, and skeletal muscle. We found that the birth weights of male clones were 57% lower than those of control age- and sex-matched piglets. Piglets with low birth weight (<900 g) had more than twice the risk of SIDS relative to those piglets weighing more than 1000 g. The low birth weights of the cloned male piglets (0.84 ± 0.05 kg) were not merely an artifact, as the average birth weights of cloned female piglets (1.47 ± 0.09 kg) were not lower than weights of piglets produced by AI-derived control female piglets (1.36 ± 0.12 kg). An initial examination of brain samples from 18 cloned male piglets that died soon after birth identified seven piglets with meningitis characterized by severe neutrophilic inflammation in the temporal brain lobes (38.8%, 7/18). We verified meningitis when more than 1000 neutrophils were counted per cubic millimeter of tissue. Next, we found hepatopneumonic congestion (16.6%, 3/18). The deceased male clones with meningitis showed extensive neuronal cell death and blood-brain barrier damage, whereas cloned piglets with congestion had fewer and larger alveolar air sacs. Extensive alveolar cell death, especially of pneumocytes and the bronchial epithelium, was confirmed by TUNEL assay. Lung and liver congestion may be caused by a slowly flowing blood stream from heart, resulting in CO2 and O2 exchange problems. Although the gross anatomy of the cloned male piglets was normal, they were associated with other severe handicaps, the commonest being leg abnormality which occurred in 33% (6/18) of dead male cloned piglets followed by Leydig cell hypoplasia and short face. Even though 4 of 41 AI-derived control piglets died within 1 week after birth, we could not find any anomalies in them. Thus, the present study suggests that our data might reflect sex difference but not cell type difference, and that death of the cloned male piglets might be caused by risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome such as low birth weight and multiple organ failure in conjunction with hepatopneumonic congestion and cerebromeningitis.


The fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor (FTPMM) drive has good fault-tolerant capacity and is widely used in various electric actuation systems. On the base of analyzing the structure of FTPMM and H-bridge inverters, the basic principles and fault-tolerant control strategies based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and current hysteresis band pulse width modulation (CHBPWM) are elaborated. The fault-tolerant control strategy based on SVPWM is achieved by keeping the synthesized magneto motive force (MMF) of the motor circular and unchanged, and the fault-tolerant control strategy based on CHBPWM is to maintain the same output torque before and after the open-circuit fault occurs. Finally, the correctness of the proposed current vector fault-tolerant control strategies based on SVPWM and CHBPWM are verified by computer simulations.


Efficient manipulation of magnetization at ultrashort timescales is of particular interest for future technology. Here, we numerically investigate the influence of the so-called field-derivative torque, which was derived earlier based on relativistic Dirac theory [R. Mondal et al., Phys. Rev. B 94, 144419 (2016)], on the spin dynamics triggered by ultrashort laser pulses. We find that only considering the THz Zeeman field can underestimate the spin excitation in antiferromagnetic oxide systems such as, e.g., NiO and CoO. However, accounting for both the THz Zeeman torque and the field-derivative torque, the amplitude of the spin excitation increases significantly. Studying the damping dependence of the field-derivative torque we observe larger effects for materials having larger damping constants.


The report presents the cellular structure of the respiratory system as well as the history of club cells (Clara cells), their ultrastructure, and location in the airways and human organs. The authors discuss the biochemical structure of proteins secreted by these cells and their importance for the integrity and regeneration of the airway epithelium. Their role as progenitor cells for the airway epithelium and their involvement in the biotransformation of toxic xenobiotics introduced into the lungs during breathing is emphasized. This is followed by a discussion of the clinical aspects associated with club cells, demonstrating that tracking the serum concentration of club cell-secreted proteins is helpful in the diagnosis of a number of lung tissue diseases. Finally, suggestions are provided regarding the possible use of proteins secreted by club cells in the treatment of serious respiratory conditions.

https://www.termedia.pl/Journal/-40/pdf-27246-10?filename=06 The role and importance - Rokicki.pdf


Introduction . The upcoming digitalization is perceived and understood differently by students of technology faculties. This becomes more obvious in the context of pandemic, when the older generation often assesses this offensive negatively, and the technical students – with understanding, and often with enthusiasm.  What are the advantages and problems with the emergence of digitalization in the social space of society in the eyes of young people focused on technical education? To what extent are the advantages and benefits of digitalization understood in a professional and social sense? What is the depth of the contradictions and the unity of social and professional awareness of digitalization? – the answer to this question, as the main goal of the study, is discussed in the presented article. Methodology and sources. The research methodology is formed on the basis on a set of studies. They are devoted to the study practices of the social formation relations among students, molded on social networks, mobile devices and the Internet. It is obvious that society is faced with revolutionary changes of an epochal order, the direction and nature of which is poorly consistent with some methodological principles, theories and concepts that have developed. Therefore, the methodological attitudes of researchers are represented by a multi-paradigm approach. These changed circumstances also predetermined the strategy and methodologies of the pilot empirical study, which can be defined as qualitative. Results and discussion. The results of the study show the existence of contradictions between the actual involvement of technical students in digitalization, on the one hand, and the lag in understanding the social contexts and social meanings of digitalization in the life of society, on the other. Empirical results confirm that in practical terms, students are included in digitalization. They are well expanding the range of professions related to IT technologies, new professional groups are emerging, professional differences in the features of the activities of engineers who worked in earlier periods in comparison with the activities of modern engineers due to digitalization are outlined. However, the awareness of the impact of digitalization on social processes and social stratification, the emergence of new forms of social inequality, and the general understanding of society as digital is formed with some delay. Conclusion. The results of the study show the ambiguity of the perception of digitalization by engineering students. The real dynamics of the digitalization process is ahead of social perception and awareness of the realities of the development of modern Russian society. Students are more clearly aware of and positively assessed the technical and technological advantages of digitalization, while the social consequences of digitalization are assessed somewhat passively and according to a limited range of problems. The awareness of the onset of digitalization in the student environment does not reflect the totality of the reality of the numerous social aspects of digitalization.


The aim of this study was to compare the intra and postoperative analgesic effects of sacrococcygeal epidural levobupivacaine with those of lumbosacral levobupivacaine in feline ovariohysterectomy. Thirty-six cats were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and meperidine (6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. The cats were randomly assigned one of the three treatments receiving 0.33% levobupivacaine (0.3 mL/kg) into the sacrococcygeal (S-C group, n=12) or lumbosacral (L-S group, n=12) epidural space, or the same volume of 0.9% saline solution into one of the epidural approaches (Control group, n=12). Intraoperatively, cardiorespiratory variables, end-tidal isoflurane concentration (FE´ISO), and fentanyl requirements were recorded. Postoperative pain was assessed by the UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista)-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale and the Glasgow feline composite measure pain scale up to 8 hr post-extubation. Morphine was administered as rescue analgesia. Overall FE´ISO and fentanyl requirements were lower in the L-S and S-C compared to the Control (P=0.002-0.048, respectively). There was no significant difference in the cardiorespiratory variables during anesthesia, postoperative pain and rescue analgesia among groups. The time to standing after anesthesia was prolonged in the L-S and S-C groups than in the Control (P<0.001). Lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal epidural levobupivacaine resulted in similar decreases in isoflurane requirements and intraoperative fentanyl supplementation in the cats, with no postoperative benefits.


The present study aimed to investigate the possible relations between thanatological referentials present in heavy metal and the affective and sensory experience associated with death by participants of this artistic and cultural field. The research was based in a idiographic and qualitative introspectionist approach for the study of consciousness, whose proceedings culminated, in a first moment, in the identification and description of the emerging phenomenology of these experiences, in a second moment, in the discussion of the cognitive and affective processes underlying the emergence of the phenomenological content; and finally, in a third moment, in the discussion of the possible relations between the reported phenomenologies and the circumscription of death in heavy metal. Taken as a whole, the data indicated that both, the affective field and the sensory field reflects that the inner experience of death theme reflects major parameters of death representation in the West, which appear to overlap the narrower field of death representation in heavy metal.


The purpose of this research is to study structural variations of subsurface using seismic and well log data of Badin area. 2D seismic reflection data of ten lines after correlation with five wells of the area reveal that extensive structural and depositional changes have occurred as a result of major & minor tectonic events. Seismic interpretation confirms Horst & Graben geometry in the studied area. Grabens are main areas for generation of hydrocarbons. Primary structuring is defined by structural style at Middle Sand level. Compensating faults are increased at shallower level (Top Lower Goru) due to variation in rock mechanics and applied forces. The variable throw at different levels describes structural evolution through the geological time. Contour maps in two way time and depth domain show faults having northwest to southeast trend in the studied area. Seismic and well data is used to establish stratigraphic correlations of different wells in Lower Indus Basin and also to elucidate the source of sediments and depositional centers during different geological time periods. Structuring in the area provides basic elements of requirements of petroleum system as proven by number of oil and gas discoveries in the area. Faults act as conduits providing migration pathway from source to reservoir rock and seals in trapping mechanism for hydrocarbons.


'In the beginning ...': on points of departure and understanding texts This article renders a contribution to the discussion on evolution from a theological point of view. It is interested in laying bare the epistemological points of departure that are reflected in studies related to the creation-evolution debate, especially those behind recent interpretations of Genesis 1 and 2. In an argument mirroring Ricoeur's central thesis, examples of a first naivete when reading the creation texts in the Bible are given. Next, a few examples of recent interpretations of the creation texts are given in order to indicate the present state of knowledge in the field. Lastly, one example is given in which these results were taken serious within a faith context, that led to what can be viewed as the development of a second naivete.


The resistance of bioceramics against non-specific adsorption of serum proteins is critical for a wide range of biomedical applications. Some polysaccharides serve as natural protein-resistant molecules in extracellular matrices; however, the stable adhesion of polysaccharides to ceramic biomaterials in an aqueous solution is very challenging because chemical linkages at organic/inorganic interfaces are susceptible to hydrolytic degradation. Here, a catechol-grafted dextran, which strongly binds to titania (TiO2 ) in an aqueous milieu to effectively suppress cell adhesion through anti-fouling activity against non-specific protein adsorption, is introduced. Catechol is conjugated approximately to 6.7 mol% of glucose units of dextran via a carbamate ester linkage, corresponding to roughly three catechols per dextran chain having an average molecular weight of 6 kDa. Multivalent interactions of catechols with a titanium atom, enabled by the graft-type structure, provide a very stable coating of dextran on this inorganic surface. The adhesion of HeLa cells on the dextran-coated titania surface is reduced by 2.4-fold compared to that on a pristine titania surface. These results suggest that the graft-type incorporation of a small number of catechol moieties along a dextran backbone is an effective means of producing a stable anti-fouling interface on inorganic biomaterials in an aqueous environment.


The COVID-19 pandemic has radically transformed the work-from-home (WFH) paradigm, and expanded an organization's cyber-vulnerability space. We propose a novel strategic method to quantify the degree of sub-optimal cybersecurity in an organization of employees, all of whom work in heterogeneous WFH "siloes". Specifically, we model the per-unit cost of asymmetric WFH employees to invest in security-improving effort units as time-discounted exponential martingales over time, and derive as benchmark - the centrally-planned socially optimal aggregate employee effort at any given time instant. We then derive the time-varying strategic Nash equilibrium amount of aggregate employee effort in cybersecurity in a distributed setting. The time-varying ratio of these centralized and distributed estimates quantifies the free riding dynamics, i.e., security sub-optimality, within an organization. Rigorous estimates of the degree of sub-optimal cybersecurity will drive organizational policy makers to design appropriate (customized) solutions that voluntarily incentivize WFH employees to invest in required cybersecurity best practices.


We introduce the concept of Most, and Least, Compact Spanning Trees - denoted respectively by T ∗ ( G ) and T # ( G ) - of a simple, connected, undirected and unweighted graph G ( V, E, W ) . For a spanning tree T ( G ) ∈ T ( G ) to be considered T ∗ ( G ) , where T ( G ) represents the set of all the spanning trees of the graph G , it must have the least average inter-vertex pair (shortest path) distances from amongst the members of the set T ( G ) . Similarly, for it to be considered T # ( G ) , it must have the highest average inter-vertex pair (shortest path) distances . In this work, we present an iteratively greedy rank-and-regress method that produces at least one T ∗ ( G ) or T # ( G ) by eliminating one extremal edge per iteration. The rank function for performing the elimination is based on the elements of the matrix of relative forest accessibilities of a graph and the related forest distance [22]. We provide empirical evidence in support of our methodology using some standard graph families: complete graphs, the Erd ˝ os-Renyi random graphs and the Barabási-Albert scale-free graphs; and discuss computational complexity of the underlying methods which incur polynomial time costs.


Summary: Forty-five strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria showed marked differences in their resistance to Hibitane (I.C.I. Ltd.) and, to a lesser degree, to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Panacide (British Drug Houses Ltd.) was effective against all the strains. The relevance of these findings to modern views on the taxonomy of the sulphate-reducers and to the problem of inhibiting these organisms in the field is discussed.


Written in the form of a stream of consciousness, and relying on my personal memories, this paper explores the different kinds of struggles that many young female academics face while balancing their lives as academics, wives, mothers, and activists. Personal histories—or herstories—provide a lens through which one can better understand collective as well as personal experiences and changes taking place in the structures and institutions that shape our lives, and which are shaped as well by our responses. Of particular interest are the ways in which women have sought to resist and struggle against patriarchal and globalising structures, knowledge and ideologies that dominate different spheres of our society. Transformative feminism values and promotes personal life-story as an important method to tap the often untold and invisible knowledge and information of women, including the most marginalised women who often lack formal schooling. It also embraces the multiple dimensions of our lives in both the personal and public arena, and recognises that the personal is indeed political. After a brief introduction, the second section explores the main dimensions of transformative feminist theory. The third section describes my early days as a young wife, mother and academic and the strategies I adopted to support me and my family. The different dimensions of sex discrimination at the university are analysed in the fourth section, and the fifth section focuses on struggles in the Academic Staff Assembly. Struggles over the right to study and research women's/gender issues in the mainstream university and the efforts by feminist academic activists to create alternative feminist spaces are analysed in the sixth and seventh sections, respectively. The article concludes with a few brief reflections on the implications of this story for further struggles at the University.


Macrocyclization has been frequently utilized for optimizing peptide or peptidomimetic-based compounds. In an attempt to obtain potent, metabolically stable, and orally available proteasome inhibitors, 30 oprozomib-derived macrocyclic peptides with structural diversity in their N-terminus and linker were successively designed and synthesized for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. As a consequence, the macrocyclic peptides with N-methyl-pyrazole (24p, 24x), imidazole (24t), and pyrazole (24v) as their respective N-termini exhibited favorable in vitro activity and metabolic stability, which translated into their potent in vivo proteasome inhibitory activity after oral administration. In particular, compound 24v, as the most distinguished one among this series, displayed excellent chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L, β5) inhibitory potency (IC50 = 16 nM), low nanomolar antiproliferative activity against all three of the tested cell lines, and superior metabolic stability in mouse liver microsome (MLM), as well as favorable inhibition against ChT-L compared to that of oprozomib in BABL/c mice following po administration at a comparatively low dose, thereby representing a promising candidate for further development.


The present investigation evaluated one aspect of the feasibility of the use of multiple cavities as an airfoil high-lift device. The effects of cavities on the boundary layer characteristics in several pressure gradients were determined experimentally and computationally. Experimentally, it was found that up to four cavities could be deployed with only a small change to the boundary layer profiles downstream of the cavities and without significantly modifying the resultant streamwise pressure distribution. From the computational results for both of the wind tunnel test section lengths used in the experimental investigation, it was found that a grid which provided a converged solution in less man a few hundred iterations was needed before a reasonable comparison with experimental data could obtained. It was also found for these converged solutions that the appropriate grid clustering and density as well as the cell size required for a satisfactory solution was not always apparent before comparing computational results with experimental data. Overall, the investigation results show that a multiple cavity high-lift concept may be feasible.


In recent times the Occupy! movements globally have asserted the right to the city as a learning space, with teach-outs and public speeches. In Occupy! London, in particular, alongside new social relations, occupiers experimented with new ways of publicly educating. This article argues that a popular, critical education, such as the one experimented with in Occupy!, can take up this mantel of doing pedagogy publicly. This way of enacting a radical public pedagogy would involve making connections between the civic agora, the 'right to the city' and a public and inclusive education, reconnecting people and places to form new learning spaces in the urban landscape, thus rendering the university a problematic space in need of rethinking. The article concludes that the project may be simultaneous – in terms of the development of new education agora alongside the reclamation of older forms of education agora – providing, of course, there is enough left to fight for.


SOHO (small office/home office) routers provide services for end devices to connect to the Internet, playing an important role in the cyberspace. Unfortunately, security vulnerabilities pervasively exist in these routers, especially in the web server modules, greatly endangering end users. To discover these vulnerabilities, fuzzing web server modules of SOHO routers is the most popular solution. However, its effectiveness is limited, due to the lack of input specification, lack of routers' internal running states, and lack of testing environment recovery mechanisms. Moreover, fuzzing in general only reports memory corruption vulnerabilities, and fails to discover other vulnerabilities, e.g., web-based vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a solution SRFuzzer to address these issues. It is a fully automated fuzzing framework for testing physical SOHO devices. It continuously and effectively generates test cases by leveraging two input semantic models, i.e., KEY-VALUE data model and CONF-READ communication model, and automatically recovers testing environment with power management. It also coordinates diversified mutation rules with multiple monitoring mechanisms to trigger multi-type vulnerabilities. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first whole-process fully automated fuzzing framework for SOHO routers. We ran SRFuzzer on 10 popular routers across five vendors. In total, it discovered 208 unique exceptional behaviors, 97 of which have been confirmed as 0-day vulnerabilities. The experimental results show that SRFuzzer outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in terms of types and number of vulnerabilities found.


To the Editor. In a recent issue of the Journal, an interesting research article that evaluated the awareness of black box warnings among pharmacy undergraduates was published.1 While it is important to have such a knowledge base about black box warnings built into the curriculum, given the importance of these warnings in clinical practice, the idea of conducting a survey to get a feedback is indeed commendable. This may help to better administer the course and build an interesting curriculum on a topic that has such a tremendous impact in the prescribing of medicines and therapeutics.

The cross-sectional survey was performed meticulously and without bias by incorporation of sound statistical analysis following the ratings on the questionnaire by 2 independent judges. Overall, it was suggested that third-year doctor of pharmacy students are more knowledgeable on black box warnings than first- or second-year students. Familiarity with black box warnings on drugs such as paroxetine and estrogen was evident, while familiarity with other black box warnings such as stavudine and enoxaparin was generally lacking.1 One interesting thought process: would a personal background or family history of depression or anxiety disorder have resulted in some of the pharmacy students being more familiar with paroxetine? Likewise, would knowledge of hormone replacement therapy and associated women's health disorders have made some students more knowledgeable about estrogen? In addition, prescriptions for chronic disorders such as depression, cancer, and cardiovascular disease may have helped students to understand the significance of black box warnings as opposed to medicines for acute use or short-term prescriptions. This exercise in particular, of conducting an awareness survey, is significant in the context of preparing future pharmacists for practice in the real world and ties into the objectives of this letter to the editor.

Pharmacy students in the United States are privileged to be able to study interesting topics such as black box warnings as part of the curriculum. Their knowledge on black box warnings assumes universal significance as it is applicable in clinical care and clinical practice across various geographies, not just in the United States. It prepares pharmacy students to face real world challenges, regardless of the professional path they choose (ie, research, pharmacy practice, industrial position, etc). Unfortunately, pharmacy students in many other countries and developing regions are not exposed to this subject matter and their familiarity with black box warnings would be very limited or, perhaps, non-existent. Hence, this topic would be extremely beneficial to pharmacy students in other regions to be exposed to since black box warnings and prescription implications along with other co-medications may have serious safety consequences in patient care and disease management. Also, the conduct of an unbiased survey to ensure the awareness of black box warnings is a progressive way to ensure the spread of knowledge. Such practices should also be readily adopted in the developing regions when they introduce topic(s) of public health in the pharmacy curriculum. After all, the well preparedness of pharmacy students post curriculum would enable implementation of such public health practices.

It is the suggestion of the author that as part of Journal development, some special topics are chosen that may have universal applicability. Although the aim of the Journal may be to reach out to pharmacy professionals/educators and other health care professionals/researchers in the United States, such an endeavor to cover certain universally important topics would bode well in developing the community of pharmacists across the globe. Some of these topics include: (a) case studies of fatalities, if any, as a consequence of serious drug-drug interactions; (b) case studies of unsuspected drug-drug interactions; (c) patient care in certain critical medical conditions; (d) recent drug withdrawals due to serious clinical safety issues; (e) approvals of some innovative medicines. It is not the intention of the author to suggest original research publications in the suggested topics. However, introduction of a forum within the journal that caters to the review of published clinical pharmacology, safety, and/or medical information on the above topics, with expert opinion of the presenter and its implications to pharmacy professionals would add significant benefit to the Journal's readership.

Nuggehally R. Srinivas, PhD

Vanthys Pharmaceutical Development, Ltd, Bangalore, India


E. coli is the main bacteria isolated from infected uterus and bacterial endotoxin can lead to fatal endotoxic shock. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) precedes the endotoxic shock. Thus, early recognition of SIRS is important for patient treatment and prognostic. In Brazil, Gram positive bacteria are responsible for approximately 20% of all pyometra cases, and there is limited information about pathophysiology of shock and tissue injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of Gram positive bacteria to cause SIRS in bitches with pyometra. A prospective follow-up of 67 bitches with pyometra was performed, which were classified as SIRS + and SIRS- on admission. All bitches were surgically treated (ovariohysterectomy), uterine contents were collected in a sterile manner and the material was submitted to microbiological evaluation. Were identified in 55.2% of bitches E. coli (G1), 23.9% other Gram negative bacteria (G2) and 20.9% Gram positive bacteria (G3). The leukocyte profile, serum biochemistry and prevalence of SIRS were similar between the groups. It is concluded that Gram positive bacteria have the capacity to promote tissue damage and can lead the patient to death after SIRS and shock, as well as by E. coli and other Gram negative.


Personal conceptions regarding academic (in)efficiency are directing the thinking and behaviour of all those involved in the educational process. Due to the subjectivity and complexity of personal conceptions, the individuals are experiencing academic (in)efficiency differently. Also, various factors contribute to students academic (in)efficiency, including teachers and parents. The Master's thesis deals with personal conceptions of teachers and parents about academic (in)efficiency. In the theoretical part I introduced the characteristics of personal conceptions, the creating factors of personal conceptions and factors of academic (in)efficiency. In the empirical part of the Master's thesis I researched what personal conceptions regarding the academic (in)efficiency teachers and parents of students from 3rd to 9th grade have, and which factors might affect it. The data were acquired using a questionnaire for teachers and a questionnaire for parents. The pattern of the research constitutes of 246 respondents, 102 teachers and 144 parents. The results show that both respondents have similar conceptions regarding academic (in)efficiency well as of (in)efficient students. Nevertheless, there are some differences in certain respects. Both, teachers and parents understand that academic (in)efficiency falls under subjective and relative nature and that it is affected by various factors. The teachers believe that academic success depends on students' motivations for school work, whereas the academic failure is caused by the lack of it. On the other hand, the parents believe that academic success of children is mostly influenced by efficient teachers' approach and that academic failure is a result of inefficient teachers' approach. In comparison with the teachers, parents have more subjective view on academic (in)efficiency. They attribute the (in)efficiency mostly to external factors, while teachers believe that it is caused mostly by internal factors. Teachers estimate that their personal conceptions were largely influenced by their work experience, meanwhile parents advocate that in most cases those are the reflections of their own personal life experiences. On the basis of theoretical insights and empirical results of the Master's thesis I formulated the strategies i.e. methods of work of school counselors i.e. social pedagogues with teachers and parents on the area regarding recognition and coping with academic (in)efficiency.


Robert McChesney argues that the media, far from providing a bedrock for freedom and democracy, have become a significant antidemocratic force in the United States and, to varying degrees, worldwide. "Rich Media, Poor Democracy" addresses the corporate media explosion and the corresponding implosion of public life that characterizes our times. Challenging the assumption that a society drenched in commercial information 'choices' is ipso facto a democratic one, McChesney argues that the major beneficiaries of the so-called Information Age are wealthy investors, advertisers, and a handful of enormous media, computer, and telecommunications corporations.This concentrated corporate control, McChesney maintains, is disastrous for any notion of participatory democracy. Combining unprecedented detail on current events with historical sweep, McChesney chronicles the waves of media mergers and acquisitions in the late 1990s. He reviews the corrupt and secretive enactment of public policies surrounding the Internet, digital television, and public broadcasting. He also addresses the gradual and ominous adaptation of the First Amendment ('freedom of the press') as a means of shielding corporate media power and the wealthy. "Rich Media, Poor Democracy" exposes several myths about the media-in particular, that the market compels media firms to 'give the people what they want'- that limit the ability of citizens to grasp the real nature and logic of the media system. If we value our democracy, McChesney warns, we must organize politically to restructure the media in order to affirm their connection to democracy.


In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of the pen shell Atrina pectinata. It was 16,811 bp in length and consisted of 35 genes including 12 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 21 transfer RNAs (trnS2 and atp8 lacked). All genes were encoded on the same strand. In gene order, there was no completely identical block compared to those of Mytilus edulis, Crassostrea gigas, Chlamys farreri and Venerupis philippinarum. It may be a ground pattern of Pinnidae mitochondrial genomes.


This report describes the evaluation of a whole-school intervention to improve morbidity and psychosocial well-being in pupils with asthma. In all, 193 children with asthma (7-9 years) from 23 primary/junior schools in the south of England participated. Schools (n = 12) randomly assigned to the intervention group (IV) received a staff asthma training session, advice on asthma policy and practice and an emergency beta(2)-agonist inhaler with spacer. Pupils participated in an asthma lesson. Staff and pupils in non-intervention (NI) schools (n = 11) received no asthma-oriented input. While wheeze reports improved for all children with asthma, only the IV group showed lower requirement for medication (P = 0.01), clinically significant improvement (P < 0.05) in activity related quality of life (QOL) and increased self-esteem (SE: social P = 0.01; athletic P = 0.05; behaviour P = 0.001) in girls. SE decreased for NI girls but there was no change for non-asthmatic peers in NI or IV schools which had similar baseline levels of SE and QOL. There was a marginal improvement in the establishment of asthma policies/practices and no change in school absence or staff knowledge. The significantly increased peer group understanding of asthma seen in the intervention schools may have mediated increased well-being in the IV group. Primary schools are a potentially important context for improving asthma morbidity and psychosocial well-being of children with asthma.


QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY
Restricted government budgets are forcing countries to implement more efficient health measures. Unlike in somatic medicine, the process of evaluating payment systems in psychiatry in Switzerland is ongoing. A pilot approach in one psychiatric hospital, here called "new remuneration system (NRS)", was introduced to better control length of stay (LOS) by combining a lump sum with degressive daily rates. This is a first evaluation of the NRS in terms of a reduction of the LOS, and the prevention of early readmissions by analysing meaningful outcome categories.

METHODS
The total sample consisted of N = 66,626 psychiatric inpatient episodes and a subsample of N = 60,847. Data were collected from the hospital using the NRS and three comparison hospitals in the Canton of Zurich. The observation period covered 2005 to 2011, the years before and after the implementation of the NRS in 2009. To examine the outcome categories, general logistic models were used.

RESULTS
The median LOS at all four hospitals was 21 days (IQR: 46-8). In the NRS-hospital, there was a significantly higher proportion of 6 to10day stays after 2009, indicating an influence of the lumpsum measure. At the same time, data revealed a somewhat lower proportion of readmissions within 30 days in the NRS-hospital. In general, effect sizes were small.

CONCLUSIONS
Within the observation period of three years since 2009, the NRS had a small influence on LOS and early readmissions. The stability of effects needs to be monitored. More sophisticated modellings of the NRS might lead to further insights.


When performing a task with a set time limit, the performer may make numerous errors due to impatience and haste. By contrast, a moderate mental load caused by a time limit improves the time-to-performance ratio. Time pressure (TP) refers to the mental strain imposed by the time limit to the performer. Despite numerous studies on the effects of TP on task performers, no consistent findings regarding the relationship between TP and the method of presenting and communicating time have been obtained. There are various methods to make task performers aware of time; each method of presentation and communication may have a psychological impact on task performers. The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of the method of presenting the time remaining to perform a task on mental load and concentration in a time-limited task and to compare the influences between presentation conditions using biometric measurements and a subjective evaluation questionnaire.The experiment evaluated these effects on task performers in terms of fingertip volume pulse wave and stress sweating.The task was a continuous addition task modeled after the Uchida–Kleppelin test that lasted 5 minutes. Five Japanese male university students (21.8±0.8 years old) were each tested on four different conditions. The conditions were as follows: no time presentation, visual time presentation, alarm every 30 seconds, and both visual and alarm presentation.The LF/HF was used to evaluate finger volume pulse waves, and galvanic skin response (GSR) was used to assess mental arousal. GSR analysis in each presentation condition revealed that GSR in the no time presentation condition was higher than in the other three conditions, with some variation. Previous studies have suggested that the greater the awareness of the remaining time, the more likely participants were to feel anxious. Therefore, GSR was assumed to be higher in the no time presentation condition because the task performers were more actively aware of the time remaining than in the other conditions. The results suggest that the TP may be higher in the no time presentation condition than in the condition with time presentation. In addition to the presentation method used in this experiment, there are other methods of time presentation, such as second-hand or metronome sound. In these methods, the frequency of the time information presentation can be controlled by adjusting the Beats Per Minutes (BPM). In a study in which computation tasks were performed while listening to music and task performance was compared based on the type of music and BPM, it was shown that task performance varied depending on the type of music and BPM. Therefore, we conducted an experiment using a metronome, which is not affected by the type of music, to evaluate the effect of BPM differences on task performers. By changing the frequency of time information presentation, we expect to control psychological effects such as impatience and anxiety by intentionally adjusting the opportunity for task performers to be aware of time.


Traffic Engineering is defined as way of routing data through network in lieu of management view, availability of resources and the current and expected traffic. It also helps the network provider to make the best use of available resources. Different uses of internet requires different levels of services to be supplied, for instance voice traffic requires low delay and very small delay variation. Video traffic adds the requirement for high bandwidth, etc. Hop-byhop approach is used to forward a packet in a network using IP protocol. Routing protocols are used to create routing tables, to find a path which has the minimum cost, according to its metrics to each destination in the network. This technique results in the over-utilization of some links while other links remain unused and are under-utilized, which leads to the congestion in the Network (I. Zafar et al, 2011; F. Ahmed et al, 2011). MPLS does not route data on the basis of destination address rather it routes data according to the labels. Using MPLS network, resources can be optimized by sending data through less congested path rather than the shortest path used in routing protocols. These new paths are created manually or through some signaling protocols. MPLS supports many features like traffic engineering, QoS and VPNs etc. (Hussein A. Mohammed et al, 2013; Adnan Hussein et al, 2013)Through MPLS in traffic engineering we can improve the usage of network resources making it more efficient. In this paper a comparison analysis is done based on traffic engineering parameters like effective utilization of bandwidth, delay, throughput, etc. for different type of traffic in their movements across the network for both MPLS-TE and traditional IP network. OPNET Modeler is used to simulate the results of comparisons.


Knowledge dissemination and academic communication are changing based on the network technology. More and more schools set up the information channel through the network. Many problems exposed when the campus network station built up, such as resource sharing, application integration. In order to avoiding the problem and enhance the efficiency to meet the demand that users obtain the information, propose a new construction policy of Portal site. The policy imports the knowledge management and Semantic Web technology. It improves the using efficiency and soles the problems of resource sharing and application integration.


This paper examined the impact of providing affordable rental housing through inner-city urban renewal projects in Australia. Providing affordable rental housing for lower-income households remains a challenge for planners, builders, policymakers and residents alike. Government intervention for inclusionary zoning in Australia has enhanced affordable housing supply but has also generated negative impacts such as NIMBY-ism, decreasing house price and urban sprawl. This study conducted in-depth interviews with housing and planning experts in affordable housing projects in Australia and evaluated the barriers and opportunities of providing affordable rental housing as standalone projects, or as part of urban renewal projects. This study found several existing challenges such as limited longevity of related policies and limited financing sources for renewal projects. The findings inform policymakers that the existing housing affordability issue can be tackled by adopting more innovative approaches such as negative gearing.


In a novel cell line we developed for direct, sensitive detection of insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) on the cell surface, we considered that insulin-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) may be involved in the signaling pathway of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. We report here evidence that epidermal growth factor (EGF), which stimulates PI 3-kinase activity, also triggers GLUT4 translocation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably overexpressing the EGF receptor. The EGF-dependent GLUT4 translocation is possibly mediated by two independent pathways: one by PI 3-kinase and the other by protein kinase C (PKC); the PI 3-kinase-mediated pathway predominates. Triggering of the GLUT4 translocation is not specific for insulin, rather it may be a common property of growth factors which activate PI 3-kinase.


A two-phase model, based on outcrop and subsurface data rimming the northern half of the Delaware basin, characterizes the evolution of the late Guadalupian Capitan shelf margin, a margin that prograded up to 19 km basinward while an interval of over 700 m accumulated. Phase 1, during Seven Rivers shelf (early Capitan) deposition, accounts for 70-80% of the total progradation, over 50% of the total aggradation, and corresponds with shelf facies devoid of siliciclastics, emplacement of abundant carbonate debris on the slope and basin margin, and deposition of 50-70% of the Bell Canyon siliciclastic interval in the basin. The clastics bypassed the growing Capitan margin and were equally important to that of the allochthonous carbonate debris in filling accommodation space to facilitate progradation of the margin. The second phase, during Yates-Tansill (middle-upper Capitan) time, was dominated by aggradation, steepening of the shelf margin, deepening of the basin, and deposition of abundant siliciclastics on the shelf. This model differs from previous reconstructions that show uniform growth of the Capitan reef, and it contradicts the long-standing dogma of reciprocal sedimentation. This two-phase growth model adds insight into deposition of the two principle Guadalupian reservoir facies that account for nearly 50% of themore » Permian basin in-place oil reserves. Offlapping sheets of inner shelf carbonates (e.g., San Andres Formation, McElroy field) relate to periods of shelf progradation whereas widespread sheets of shelf clastics (e.g., Yates Formation, N. Ward Estes field) reflect periods of shelf aggradation. The model should be useful in evaluating the evolution of other shelves, particularly mixed shelves.« less


Purpose To search for independent neural damage in type 1 diabetic patients, in the pre-retinopathy stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR), with preserved blood-retinal barrier (BRB) permeability.

Methods BRB permeability was objectively measured by Vitreous Fluorometry. Neuroretinal function was assessed by standard multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and by chromatic/achromatic contrast sensitivity (CS) (CCT-Cambridge Research Systems and Frequency Doubling Perimetry-FDT, Zeiss), in a sample of 42 patients (age=26.6±5.3years) with preserved visual acuity (VA), divided into two groups:1.With no clinical signs of DR and normal BRB permeability (n=23eyes; VA=1.11±0.15); 2.With BRB breakdown, with no clinical signs of DR or with mild nonproliferative DR (n=61eyes; VA=1.09±0.15). These data were compared with those obtained in 25 age-matched controls (27.4±5.8years). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of p<0.05.

Results Amplitude of neurophysiological responses was significantly decreased in all eccentricity rings in both patients groups, when compared with controls (p<0.0001). Changes in implicit time were also found in cases with preserved BRB (p<0.02). Impaired CS along the main chromatic axes was observed (p<0.03) and achromatic thresholds were also different between controls and both clinical groups (p<0.004). No correlation was found between the BRB permeability and the psychophysical and electrophysiological measurements (group with preserved BRB), confirming a lesion mechanism that is independent from endothelial/vascular changes.

Conclusion Retinal neuronal changes may occur in type 1 diabetes, independently of the breakdown of the BRB or onset of vasculopathy.


PURPOSE
Self-etching adhesives partly remove or dissolve the dentin smear layer, causing incomplete resin tag formation or low resin tag density. The quantitative contribution of properly formed resin tags to dentin adhesion was evaluated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We assessed how the presence or absence of resin tags affects tubules of human deep-coronal dentin. G-Bond was used to bond Gradia resin composite. To ensure deep tubule penetration, we used a vacuum exsiccator. For eliminating tag formation, dentin tubules were presealed with adhesive and reverse bonded after finishing. Microtensile bond strength (muTBS) was measured on flat specimens and on Class I cavity floors. Thermocyclic loading was used to estimate the influence of resin tags on long-term behavior. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate adhesive interface dimensions.

RESULTS
Hybrid layer thickness, tag length, and tag diameter increased under vacuum treatment. Presealing dentin tubules led to a residual tag area of 3.1% with a tag length of 10.8 microm. Under vacuum, 24.7% of the total dentin surface was covered with tags of 87.8 microm. Low C-factor preparations produced superior muTBS (71.8 to 92.7 MPa) compared with high C-factor Class I cavities (47.0 to 67.6 MPa). Thermocyclic fatigue differed from low to high C-factor situations. In Class I cavities, muTBS significantly decreased after thermocycling. On flat specimens, vacuum infiltration led to reduced muTBS after thermocyclic loading.

CONCLUSION
Initially, resin tag formation did not influence the muTBS in either type of C-factor preparation. After thermocyclic loading, muTBS decreased with or without resin tags. Adhesive fracture patterns occurred at the hybrid layer/dentin interface.


Protein concentrates from lobia seeds, soybean, hyacinth beans and milk (casein and whey) were prepared following isoelectric precipitation. The percent moisture/protein content of these concentrates was 5.01±0.03/84.81±2.19; 5.15±0.06/86.60±1.66; 5.11±0.03/83.28±1.42, 8.19±0.15/86.03±0.68 and10.21±0.04/77.5±0.68 respectively. Acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of these concentrates was carried out in steam under pressure conditions (121°C) at different time intervals (60, 120 and 180 min). Hydrolysis treatment in both the conditions for 180 min resulted into improved separation of amino acids. Identification of essential amino acid with reference to the standard was performed using thin layer chromatography with the help of n-Butanol: acetic acid: water: 4:1:1 and Phenol:Water: 75:25 as solvent systems. Whey and casein protein concentrates were found to be cost effective biologically potential source of essential amino acids hence these were used to fortify wheat flour protein. To Increase essential amino acid content of wheat flour in relation to meet 100% RDA requirement of a complete and balance protein, 15.0 g casein or 23.0 g whey protein per 100 g sample wasrequired. Wheat based products such as chapaties were prepared using specified amount of casein / whey protein concentrates. The resulted product was well acceptable having better nutrition with respect to essential amino acid and protein efficiency ratio. Keywords : Fortification, protein concentrates, RDA, essential amino acid, chapaties Cite this Article Arvind Jaiswal, Dev Kumar Yadav, Patki PE, et al. Supplementing Wheat Protein to Improve and Complement its Nutritional Quality. Research & Reviews: Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2015; 4(2): 13–20p


The growth of the international market in financial derivatives over the past 40 years has radically changed the governance of the global economy, and this growth can be drawn directly from the development of the Black–Scholes options pricing model. The global derivatives market is an example of a social innovation with a global impact, raising a number of conceptual issues for theories of cross-scale interaction and elective affinity. The derivatives market demonstrated an ideological elective affinity with the deregulatory movement as it grew, was enabled by and provided funding to advances in computing, and was reinforced by the profitability of derivative trading. Governments shifted from being the key players in domestic financial regulation to competing with each other to attract actors in the derivatives industry, a change that raises questions about the nature of cross-scale interactions.


Vidhrdhi or Pyogenic abscess is a common entity comes across in day to day life. It presents as a localized swelling with pain, reddish discoloration, local rise of temperature, tenderness and restricted function of the affected part. There will be an invasion of pathogenic micro-organisms and it got the tendency of suppuration. When the pus has been collected, then the mandatory surgical intervention has been mentioned both in Ayurveda as well as contemporary science in order to drain the pus. But sharp instrumentation is the dread factor for the patients and is difficult to handle in vital locations such as axilla groin, neck etc. Darana karma is one among Shasti upakrama described by Sushruta and is meant for this kind of situations only. It is the application of Teekshna dravyas over the suppurated abscess in order to open the pus cavity to facilitate the drainage of pus. Pratisaraneeya Ksharas are considered as best Darana dravyas. A clinical study was conducted in 20 patients of Pakva Vidhrdhi which are subjected to Darana karma by selecting Kshara as a choice of drug. Application of Kshara to a great extent helps to break the pus cavity and drainage of pus due its Bhedana, Darana, Shoshana, Shodhana etc properties. It showed the high significant difference from baseline in all variables (p < 0.001) both statistically and clinically. It is a simple, cost effective, OPD procedure which gives considerable result in draining the pus from the suppurated pyogenic abscess and to sustain the non infective state of the wound.


The geospatial community is moving toward distributed databases and Web services by following the general developments in information and communication technology. The sharing of resources across multiple information communities raises the need of new technologies that support resource discovery and information retrieval. This paper investigates if a common ontology is desirable and feasible for information retrieval in a European spatial data infrastructure. It does so by reviewing relevant literature and proposes an approach for the automatic updating of existing ontologies, designed to facilitate access to multilingual descriptors of geospatial resources. We demonstrate by means of a prototype of an experimental system that the proposed approach is feasible. The experimental system is unique because it integrates a gazetteer, the EuroVoc multilingual vocabulary, the GEMET multilingual thesaurus, an automatic concept space generator, and graph matching into one system. Based on our study, we conclude that it will be impractical to rely only on one common ontology for resource discovery. We also conclude that the approach of using human-created ontologies in combination with automatic concept space generation and associative retrieval is a powerful means to the discovery of geospatial resources. In the absence of a consistent use of semantic Web technologies, a centralized approach to indexing of metadata is required, which has consequences for architectural choices


Cognitive Radio Engine model optimizes wireless transmission parameters for spectrum management and decision supports, results analyzed and compared among multi-channel with algorithms based on Base-10 Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)and hybrid of GA+PSO. Multi-objective fitness functions established the relationships among the environmental parameters, transmission parameters, and objectives of QoS performance. Using theoretically relationships between various different parameters and the weighted cumulative sum approach, equations for each objective to be used within Cognitive Radio engines were developed. The objectives of these multi-objective fitness functions were controlled by the values of the weights on each defined function. A robust technique for spectrum mobility of secondary users based on DNA inspired computing, satisfies the solution to problem given by S. Haykin paper "Cognitive Radio: Brain-Empowered Wireless Communications". However, this involve only one transmission parameter (i.e. received power) and at last, cognitive radio security threats discussed based on Simulink model.


A 4-bit 12-GSample/sec A/D converter (GAD) has been fabricated in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process to investigate the design of an equalized multi-level link. Clocked differential amplifiers were used to sample the input, followed by high-speed comparators with current-summed offset cancellation. Input bandwidth was measured at 2.5 GHz. Eight 1.5-GSample/sec flash A/D converters were interleaved to achieve the aggregate sample rate.


'The possibility of Turkish miniatures was too much'.1'It appeared in Paris that no one was very interested in the most rare Turkish things. I was! And, having paid less than I expected for the major things I wanted, I "settled in" to buy most of the Turkish lots'.2'After the Vente Pozzi, I was breathless over Turkish stuff... and was already beginning to consider the possibility of writing a Turkish catalog of my own things'.3These passionate, humorous, and transparently honest statements were drawn from the personal cataloguing system of one of the United States' greatest art collectors of the mid-twentieth century, Edwin Binney, 3rd (1925-86) (figure 1). Within art- historical circles, Binney is best known for amassing 'one of the largest and most important concentrations of South Asian painting outside of India'.4 Exhibition catalogues published by the San Diego Museum of Art - to which Binney bequeathed over 1,450 examples of South Asian painting in 1986 - have solidified his reputation as America's leading and most influential collector of Indian painting.Less well known than this publicly lauded collection of Indian painting is Binney's collection of Ottoman art and his participation in the burgeoning field of Ottoman art history, particularly on American soil. Before his death in 1986, Binney divided his 'Turkish' collection - including painting, decorative arts, and textiles dating from the fifteenth to the twentieth centuries - between Harvard University Art Museums (HUAM) and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA).6 Binney had been loyal to both institutions and coasts throughout his life. His interest in Islamic art blossomed at Harvard in the late 1950s; in the early 1970s, after settling part-time in San Diego, he played an instrumental role in securing the Nasli and Alice Heeramaneck collection of Islamic art for LACMA.7The most accessible and readily available windows into Binney's world of Turkish art history and collecting are his four self-authored exhibition catalogues on the subject (1973, 1974, 1979 and 1981), which accompanied exhibitions held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (1973), LACMA (1974-75), the Honolulu Academy of Arts (1975), and the Portland Art Museum (1979).8 This significant public legacy devoted to 'Turkish treasures' is further complemented and clarified by Binney's private thoughts on Turkish art, which are recorded on the pages of three densely-packed, three-ring binders now preserved in the Art of the Middle East Department at LACMA.9 Each of the LACMA notebooks has a specific focus: 'Turkish objects and pre-classic miniatures', 'Turkish calligraphy and classic painting', and 'Turkish painting from the 17-20th centuries'.Binney's notebooks, which I like to term his personal 'TMS' (The Museum System) database, thus framing them in comparison to the electronic systems used in museums today, are an invaluable resource for the field of Islamic art historiography, for they introduce the reader to the international world of Indo-Islamic art collecting c. 1958-84. Thanks to Binney's meticulous documentation, one meets all of the major players in the game: dealers Hassan Khan Monif (d. 1968), Adrienne Minassian (d. 1997), Joseph Soustiel (d. 1990) and his son Jean Soustiel (d. 1999); academics and curators Richard Ettinghausen (Freer Gallery of Art and later Metropolitan Museum of Art/Institute of Fine Arts, New York University; d. 1979), Glyn M. Meredith-Owens (British Museum and later University of Toronto), Ernst J. Grube (Metropolitan Museum of Art and later University of Venice; d. 2011), W.G. (Bill) Archer (Victoria and Albert Museum; d. 1979), and Walter Denny (University of Massachusetts); collectors Edmund de Unger (d. 2011), Alfred Chester Beatty (d. 1968), and Mark Zebrowski (d. 1999); and members of Harvard's Islamic art circle, including Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (d. 2003), Stuart Cary Welch (d. 2008), John Goelet, and Eric Schroeder (d. …


The constitutional similarity with different secondary structure preference between the Aba-Gly and the spiro-Aba-Gly scaffolds were exploited to design the novel endomorphin-2 analogs Tyr-spiro-( R/ S)-Aba-Gly-Phe-NH(2) ( 1 and 2) and Tyr-( R/ S)-Aba-Gly-Phe-NH(2) ( 3 and 4). The ( R)-spiro analog 1 was found to be a potent and selective micro-opioid agonist/partial agonist ( K (imicro) = 29.3 nM, IC(50) = 50 nM, K(e) = 0.57). NMR experiments and molecular modeling indicated that its backbone adopts mainly a beta-turn in aqueous solution.


The crucial thrust of this report develops some ideas about how operations research and management science may increase their effective participation in high level governmental decision making. The opportunity confronting operations research to participate actively in charting the future of our society is one of the greatest opportunities offered to any field of science today. This report will consider the components of the gross national product as an aid in measuring the potential for using operations research as a resource allocation tool, will enumerate briefly on a few of the high level governmental operations research positions, and will consider the discipline in legislation and planning. Several recommendations conclude the report. Two main problems to be considered are the following: 1. What are these large scale issues to which OR can make a contribution? 2. From what organizational base can OR have the greatest impact---both on policy and its implementation?


Despite the military efforts of the Kenyan, Ethiopian, and Somali Federal governments, the collaboration of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) forces with US and coalition forces, and despite the enormous tactical and strategic set-backs that al-Shabaab has faced over the last five years, its insurgency in the Horn of Africa (HoA) remains resilient. The Kenyan government's approach to stemming domestic recruitment to al-Shabaab remains fixated on law enforcement control and surveillance. As a result, many Somali communities are subject to daily crackdowns, interrogations, and discriminatory profiling practices whose negative effects are only heightened by current tribal and clan-based tensions in the country. Current scholarly evaluations of Kenya's 'Countering Violent Extremism' (CVE) & 'Preventing Violent Extremism' (PVE) policies tend to adhere to three major approaches: top-down evaluations by elites repeatedly locating the protection of national security in inter-agency cooperation; bottom-up CVE/PVE evaluations placing primacy on the voices of Muslim community elders, such as imams, social workers, parents, and community leaders for interventions with at-risk youth; and social scientific evaluations of CVE/PVE policy through empirical exploration of the push and pull factors of youth recruitment into militancy. To date, there is a dearth of studies asking what Kenyan youth leaders think about CVE/PVE policies especially in light of the fact that they are often the main targets of al-Shabaab attacks. This study has one key objective: to use input from Kenyan youth to evaluate the effectiveness, suitability, and appropriateness of Kenya's current CVE/PVE policies in order to dissect their utility, inefficiencies, and possible harms, and contribute to the academic and policy discussions on the best CVE/PVE policy mix.


Integrating dissolving microneedles (DMNs) and nanocarriers (NC) holds great potential in transdermal drug delivery because it can simultaneously overcome the stratum corneum barrier and achieve efficient and controlled drug delivery. However, different skin sites with different thicknesses and compositions can affect the transdermal diffusion of NC-loaded DMNs. There are few reports on the biological fate (especially transdermal diffusion) of NC-loaded DMNs, and inaccurate bioimaging information of intact NC limits the accurate understanding of the in vivo fate of NC-loaded DMNs. The aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) probes P4 emitted intense fluorescence signals in intact NC while quenched after the degradation of NC, had been demonstrated the feasibility of label intact NC. In this study, P4 was loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and further encapsulated into DMNs, to track the transdermal diffusion of SLNs delivered at different skin sites. The results showed that SLNs had excellent stability after being loaded into DMNs with no significant changes in morphology and fluorescence properties. The in vivo live and ex vivo imaging showed that the transdermal diffusion rate of NC-loaded DMNs was positively correlated with skin thickness, with the order ear > abdomen > back. In conclusion, this study confirmed the site-dependency of transdermal diffusion in NC-loaded DMNs.


Background: Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (DMRC) Headley Court is the UK Defence Medical Services' premier rehabilitation facility and since 2008 it has provided the DMS Centre of Excellence for mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). In response to concern over the potential incidence and significance of MTBI in the UK armed forces, as well as much media and parliamentary interest in this so-termed 'signature injury', DMRC established a four phase treatment programme for UK service members with suspected MTBI. The focus of this thesis is Phase 2 of this treatment programme: a psychoeducational intervention for military personnel who report persistent symptoms following an MTBI event. Aims: This thesis aimed to provide empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of the Phase 2 intervention, and to explore patients' experiences of both MTBI and their treatment at DMRC Headley Court. Methods: The thesis consists of five studies using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Results: First, a cohort study compared those who had completed the Phase 2 intervention (n =55) to a control group (n =73) and found that treatment was associated with a lower impact of symptoms relating to memory and emotions. However, it was also associated with a greater impact of executive functions symptoms. Further, the results also showed that a longer delay between MTBI events and clinical assessment was related to poorer outcomes following the intervention. Second, a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews (N=16) revealed that MTBI is experienced as a highly disruptive event, initially characterised by a sense of chaos and confusion. Third, a further qualitative analysis (N=16) indicated that the Phase 2 intervention is experienced as flexible and tailored, and that it helps to reestablish order and continuity. Fourth, an experimental design was used to explore the effect of the intervention on positive psychological change following MTBI using the emotional Stroop task (N= 22). The results showed no differences in attentional bias between Phase 2 patients and MTBI controls. However, all participants reported greater benefit finding over time. Finally, in a second experimental study, Phase 2 patients were compared to controls in terms of their ability to manage a stress inducing task (N= 23). No group differences in cardiovascular reactivity were observed, but the Phase 2 patients reported feeling more stressed generally.Conclusion: The results suggest that MTBI can generate a sense of chaos and confusion. The Phase 2 intervention at DMRC Headley Court helps to reduce symptoms relating to memory and emotions and is experienced by service members as bringing order and stability into their lives. To conclude, early intervention following MTBI shows promise for improving related symptom experience. Treatment may need to be longer than 12 weeks to bring about changes in benefit finding and stress management.


This paper proposes the application of closed-loop type antenna switching transmit diversity (ASTD) associated with frequency domain channel-dependent scheduling to single-carrier frequency division multiple access radio access in the evolved UTRA (UMTS terrestrial radio access) uplink. In the proposed scheme, virtual resource units (RUs) are assigned to the optimum transmitter antenna in the spatial domain, while they are also assigned to the optimum frequency band (i.e., physical RUs) in the frequency domain according to the propagation channel conditions of each user. The reference signal overhead is the same as that for single-antenna transmission and the impact on the hardware implementation in the user equipment is slight since only one RF chain is necessary. Simulation results show that the gain of the closed-loop type ASTD is approximately 1.2-1.5 dB at the 1% level in the cumulative distribution function, assuming unequal antenna gain, i.e., the difference in the average transmission power of 3 dB and the fading correlation between transmitter antennas of 0.3 when frequency domain channel-dependent scheduling is applied with hybrid ARQ and soft-combining.


Despite the great progress in our understanding of DNA during the past half-century, there are many important aspects of its chemical and biological role yet to be explored. The principles by which it selectively interacts with other molecules have attracted much interest due to the relevance for fundamental cellular processes, as well as for the development of diagnostic probes and effective pharmaceutical agents. This Thesis describes the study of the process in which a planar aromatic moiety, hindered by bulky substituents on both ends, is threaded through the DNA double helix. Dumb-bell shaped binuclear ruthenium complexes of the type [µ-(bidppz)(L)4Ru2]4+,
L = phenanthroline (P) or bipyridine (B) bind upon mixing with DNA rapidly on the outside of the double-helix, after which they rearrange to an intercalated binding mode. Passing one large metal centre between the strands requires large transient distortions of the duplex, leading to extremely slow binding kinetics that is sensitive to DNA sequence as well as ruthenium complex structure. This work has (1) addressed the mechanisms behind this "kinetic recognition" and (2) identified potential DNA structural targets.
Both enantiomers of chiral analogues P and B require several hours at 50°C to rearrange to the threaded binding mode in mixed sequence DNA. Alternating AT polymers, on the other hand, are intercalated within a few minutes at room temperature. The ratio between the forward rates is estimated to vary between 65 (ΛΛ-P) and 2500 (ΛΛ-B). Studies with AT-tract oligonucleotides show that more than one complete helix turn of AT-DNA is required for efficient threading, a stretch considerably larger than the complexes themselves. Long AT-stretches are however not the only kinetically favored targets; subjecting mixed sequence DNA to negative supercoiling can increase the threading rate by as much as two orders of magnitude. Accelerated intercalation is also observed with partially unpaired DNA. Dissociation from mixed sequence DNA displays half-lives of up to 38 h at physiological temperature, the slowest release reported for a reversibly bound agent. The selectivity demonstrated by the binuclear ruthenium complexes in vitro make them interesting in the development of new agents against parasitic protozoa with AT-rich DNA.


Introduction The main goal of computer animation is to synthesize the desired motion effect which is a mixing of natural phenomena, perception and imagination. The animator designs the object's dynamic behavior with his mental representation of causality. He/she imagines how it moves, gets out of shape or reacts when it is pushed, pressed, pulled, or twisted. So, the animation system has to provide the user with motion control tools able to translate his/her wishes from his/her own language. Computer animation methods may also help to understand physical laws by adding motion control to data in order to show their evolution over time. Visualization has become an important way of validating new models created by scientists. When the model evolves over time, computer simulation is generally used to obtain the evolution of time, and computer animation is a natural way of visualizing the results obtained from the simulation.


Tumor metastasis remains a significant clinical problem and is the leading cause of death among breast cancer patients. Estrogen receptor (ER)-coregulators play an essential role in cancer progression and metastatic tumors express increased levels of coregulators. Proline glutamic acid rich protein (PELP1) is an ER coregulator, its expression is upregulated during breast cancer progression to metastasis and is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter survival of breast cancer patients. MicroRNA (miR) mediated regulation of tumorigenesis is emerging as a new paradigm in cancer biology and widespread misexpression of miRs has been reported in breast cancer. The objective of this study is to examine the mechanism and therapeutic significance of PELP1 regulation of miRs leading to breast cancer metastasis. We have used both ER+ve (ZR75, MCF7) and ER-ve (MDAMB231, MDAMB468) models that either stably overexpress PELP1 or PELP1shRNA. Boyden chamber, and invasion assays demonstrated that PELP1 down regulation significantly affect migration of both ER+ve and ER-ve cells. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) real time qPCR Array studies identified PELP1 modulate expression of EMT genes Snail, Twist, ZEB1, ZEB2, Vimentin and MMPs. Importantly, whole genome microRNA array analysis using PELP1 model cells revealed that miR200a and miR141 were significantly upregulated in cells expressing PELP1-shRNA compared to control cells. Accordingly, over expression of PELP1 in low metastatic model cells decreased expression of miR200a and miR141. PELP1 regulation of miRs was further confirmed by ZEB1 and ZEB2 3′ UTR luciferase reporter assays. ChIP analysis revealed recruitment of PELP1 to the proximal promoter region of miR-200a and miR141 and promoter reporter assays further confirmed PELP1 regulation of miRs. Interestingly, PELP1 down regulated expression of miR200a and miR141 by promoting repressive chromatin modifications via HDAC2. Supporting this, HDAC inhibitors reversed PELP1 driven repressive effects. Further, ectopic expression of miR200a and miR141 mimetic decreased PELP1 mediated invasion/metastatic functions. Prognostic significance of PELP1-miRNA axis was determined using Tissue micro-array (TMA) and in situ hybridization (ISH assays) of Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA™)-based microarray approach in 102 human breast tumors. To test therapeutic potential in vivo , we have generated ZR-PELP1- and MCF7-PELP1-shMIMIC of miR200a and miR141 stable cells. In vitro gene expression and Boyden chamber assays using these model cells revealed that shMIMIC of miR200a and miR141 reversed PELP1 mediated alterations in gene expression and reduced PELP1 driven migration/invasion. Proof of principle studies using IVIS imaging of nude mice based assays of GFP-Luc labeled cells demonstrated therapeutic efficacy of miRIDIAN shMIMIC of miR200a and miR141 on PELP1 driven in vivo metastasis. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrate for the first time a previously unknown role for PELP1 in epigenetically controlling the functions of tumor metastasis suppressor miR-200a and miR141. These results suggest that PELP1-miR axis may be crucial stimulus for promoting EMT and breast cancer metastasis. This study is funded by NIH T32CA148724 Postdoc Fellowship Grant. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-04.


Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RRBC) denotes the free convection between two parallel plates with a fixed temperature difference, placed in a rotating reference frame. It is a prototype model of geophysical and astrophysical convection. Rotation breaks the symmetry on its rotating axis, making the cyclones and anticyclones unequal in size and magnitude. Such an asymmetry has long been observed in experiments and simulations, but has not been explained with any theoretical model. A theory of such vorticity asymmetry is proposed specifically for the cellular regime, where background rotation is important and convection is weak. The property that columnar updraft and downdraft plumes are densely packed is shown to make the vertical vorticity profile at the vortex center approximately linear with height via thermal wind relation. This simplification of morphology enables a linkage between the vorticity strength of a plume which is quantified by vorticity Rossby number $\mathrm{Ro_V}$, and the vorticity magnitude difference between the cyclonic and anticyclonic ends of plumes which is quantified with a nondimensional asymmetry factor $\delta$. The lowest order relationship between $\delta$ and $\mathrm{Ro_V}$ is found to be constrained by vertical vorticity equation alone. An approximate analytical solution is found using asymptotic expansion, which shows that the asymmetry is generated mainly by the vertical advection and stretching of vertical vorticity in fluid interior, and is modified by the Ekman layer dynamics.


Incorporation of sterically encumbered aryl ligands permits the isolation and characterization of stable sodium and potassium tellurolates; X-ray structures of the monomers [Na(tmed)2][Te(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)] and [K(18-C-6)][Te(2,4,6-Pri3C6H2)] are described (tmed N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine; 18-C-6 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane).


In the present work, vibration control performance of active camera mount system for unmanned aero vehicle(UAV) is evaluated. An active mount featuring inertia type of piezostack actuator is designed and manufactured. Then, vibration control performances are experimentally evaluated. A camera mount system with four active mounts is constructed and mechanical model is established. The governing equation for the camera mount system is obtained and control model is constructed in state space model. Sliding mode controller which has inherent robustness to external disturbance is designed and implemented to the system. Vibration control performances are evaluated at each mount and center of gravity point. Effective vibration performances are obtained and presented in time and frequency domains.


Various conditions for manufacturing viscous and colourless blown safflower and castor oils were studied by applying statistical procedure. And some properties of reaction products and their applications for nitrocellulose lacquer were discussed.The results are summarized as follows : On viscosity increase, air contacting actions were most effective, but its blow rate was less, and both temperature and catalyzers effected much on colouring. Rate of increase in viscosity was calculated by the equation lnη/η0=Kt, and activation energy of safflower oil was 6.3kcal/mol.From the infrared absorption spectral data, trans-trans conjugated diene and isolated trans double bond were found, and C8F1 or C8, C9F1, C11 or C11F1, C11F2 or C12 and C17 acids were found from petroleum ether extracts of the blown safflower oils by gas-liquid chromatography.The film properties of nitrocellulose lacquer containing the blown oil as plasticizer were compared with that of castor oil modified alkyd resin. It is observed that the former has better flexiblility, although the latter has better gloss than the former. The suitable content of blown oil in nitrocellulose lacquer film was found to be 3040%.


Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high incidence rate and mortality. The pathogenesis of ICH involves primary brain injury and secondary brain injury. Unfortunately, no approved treatment options and therapies targeting them have shown satisfactory outcomes. Microglia are resident innate immune cells with phagocytic function in the central nervous system that rapidly respond to brain injury. Recent research has indicated that reactive microglia with enhanced phagocytosis reprogrammed by the interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling pathway are critical for endogenous hematoma clearance. In this review, we first summarize the progress of microglial activation and function after ICH, focusing on specific microglial markers, pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, as well as phenotypic and functional changes. The available evidence supports that microglia play a dual role after ICH. Second, we summarize the results of previous studies on hematoma clearance, focusing on reactive microglia in clearing hematoma through endogenous pathways reprogrammed by IL-10 or other molecules and necessitating the prospect of further research in this field. This review will help us better understand the role of reactive microglia in hematoma clearance and identify potential therapeutic targets to facilitate translational research in this direction.


Mushrooms are popular for their delicacy and flavour rather than food value. However, it is well established fact that they are excellent sources of minerals and vitamins such as B-complex and vitamin C. In addition, mushrooms contain 1.1–8.2% lipids, 4.0–8.1% carbohydrates and 3–32% fibers on dry weight basis. It contains about 90% moisture. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of 10 min dipping or vacuum infusion pretreatments either in water or 0.05% KMS or 0.1% citric acid or 100 ppm ascorbic acid or 125 ppm EDTA or 0.4% CaCl 2 solutions on dehydration of button mushroom. The dried mushrooms were packed in in polythene bags and kept at room temperature (25±5°C). The rehydration proportion, non-enzymatic browning and microbial load increased while, no significant change in the organoleptic quality was observed during storage.  The dried button mushrooms showed no significant change in quality during storage period of two months at room temperature. The dipping of fresh button mushrooms for 10 min in 100 ppm ascorbic acid solution followed by drying in tray at 60oC was the most effective pretreatment in producing quality dehydrated mushrooms. Keywords: Button mushrooms, dehydration, dip treatment, storage Cite this Article Vipin Saini, Saleem Siddiqui . Experimental Study to Improve the Quality of Dehydrated Button Mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) . Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology . 2017; 6(2): 11–19p.


In an inhomogeneous magnetic field of asymmetric distribution the observed NMR precession frequency of a liquid will vary with time. We show that the initial frequency corresponds to the mean of the absorption spectrum whereas the final precession frequency corresponds to the peak of the spectrum. Precision magnetometry requires knowledge of the mean so that reliable extrapolation to the zero-time value of the frequency is required. We demonstrate that, as with the narrowing of NMR lines, the effect of atomic motion is to cause the precession frequency to relax in an exponential manner. The importance of these results is discussed in the comparison of proton magnetic resonance in water and NMR in gaseous for precision magnetometry.