Comprehensive in scope, Sex Control in Aquaculture first explains the concepts and rationale for sex control in aquaculture, which serves different purposes. The most important are: to produce monosex stocks to rear only the fastest-growing sex in some species, to prevent precocious or uncontrolled reproduction in other species and to aid in broodstock management. The application of sex ratio manipulation for population control and invasive species management is also included. Next, this book provides detailed and updated information on the underlying genetic, epigenetic, endocrine and environmental mechanisms responsible for the establishment of the sexes, and explains chromosome set manipulation techniques, hybridization and the latest gene knockout approaches. Furthermore, the book offers detailed protocols and key summarizing information on how sex control is practiced worldwide in 35 major aquaculture species or groups, including fish and crustaceans, and puts the focus on its application in the aquaculture industry. [Book Synopsis]


Are motor schemata of facial action spontaneously activated upon the processing of evaluative information? In this case, the processing of positive evaluative information should immediately trigger the motor schema of smiling, and the processing of negative information should trigger frowning. This hypothesis was tested in two experiments in which participants were required to respond to positive and negative words by either smiling or frowning. Electromyogram (EMG) activity was recorded over the brow muscle region (corrugator supercilii) and over the cheek muscle region (zygomaticus major) in order to quantify the latency of muscular response as a dependent measure. In Experiment 1 we found that participants were faster at contracting their zygomaticus muscle (which is involved in smiling) when evaluating positive words, and faster at contracting their corrugator muscle (which is involved in frowning) when evaluating negative words. In Experiment 2, participants were required to respond with the contraction of one of the two muscles whenever a word appeared on the computer screen. Again, we found that responses were faster to congruent response valence combinations than to incongruent response valence combinations. These findings support the hypothesis that evaluative processing is directly linked to motor schemata of facial muscles.


Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae disease affecting mainly cutaneous and peripheral nervous system. This entity expresses with a wide array of clinical manifestations and may mimic variety of disparate diseases, therefore is difficult to diagnose clinically, so for the adequate treatment and better prognosis, the diagnosis must be made early and it should be accurate, therefore clinic-pathological correlation is extremely important. Hence, the present study was conducted to correlate different types of leprosy clinically and histopathologically.
Objectives: To analyze different histological types of leprosy, correlate histopathological diagnosis with clinical diagnosis and study the uniformity of clinical and histological findings in the diagnosis of leprosy.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 21 biopsy samples received in Department of Dermatology, Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj over a period of one year from December 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015. All the clinically diagnosed new skin lesions (clinical classifications noted) were subjected for biopsy; tissue specimen were fixed in 10% formalin and sent for histopathological analysis. 5 micron sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for morphological assessment and with modified Fite-Farcao stain for identification of the lepra bacilli. Ridley and Jopling classification was applied for histopathological taxonomy. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 15.0 and kappa test was applied to evaluate the concordance results.
Results: The present study comprised of 21 patients, 12 were males (57.1%) and 9 females (42.9%) with a male: female ratio of 1.33:1. Majority of the patients were between 31 to 40 years of age. Based on histopathology, 14 (66.7%) patients had Tuberculoid leprosy (TT); 5 patients had Borderline Lepromatous (BL) leprosy; 1 (4.8%) had Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) leprosy and Lepromatous Leprosy (LL) eac


Numerical simulations are ubiquitous in science and engineering. Machine learning for science investigates how artificial neural architectures can learn from these simulations to speed up scientific discovery and engineering processes. Most of these architectures are trained in a supervised manner. They require tremendous amounts of data from simulations that are slow to generate and memory greedy. In this article, we present our ongoing work to design a training framework that alleviates those bottlenecks. It generates data in parallel with the training process. Such simultaneity induces a bias in the data available during the training. We present a strategy to mitigate this bias with a memory buffer. We test our framework on the multi-parametric Lorenz's attractor. We show the benefit of our framework compared to offline training and the success of our data bias mitigation strategy to capture the complex chaotic dynamics of the system.


We present a discussion of the |∆I| = 3/2 amplitudes of the hyperon decays B → B ′ π in the context of chiral perturbation theory. We evaluate the theoretical uncertainty of the lowest-order predictions by calculating the leading non-analytic corrections. We find that the corrections to the lowest-order predictions are within the expectations of naive power-counting and, therefore, that this picture can be examined more quantitatively with improved measurements.


The effect of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice on the serum concentrations of total, unconjugated, conjugated and delta bilirubins were studied in 91 infants. Only unconjugated bilirubin concentration declined during phototherapy, from 254.7 +/- 7.0 mumol/l (mean +/- SD) at start to 161.4 +/- 37.4 mumol/l at cessation after 50.2 +/- 22.1 hours of exposure. Conjugated and delta bilirubin concentrations, initially already very low, were not significantly affected. Phototherapy was only efficacious for unconjugated bilirubin and did not have any effect on delta or conjugated bilirubin.


Geological Information Systems (GIS) was the theme of the AGM of the Geoscience Information Group held at the NERC Unit for Thematic Infomation Systems, Reading University on 17 September 1991. The meeting was convened by G. Wadge to discuss what geological problems can be addressed by current GIS and what new technical capabilities are required to solve other problems. Eight papers were presented to an audience of 61 and five GISs were demonstrated over an extended lunch break. GIS has the potential for making published map revision easier and cheaper in the way that word processing has done away with repeat typing of draft manuscripts. J. L. Laxton (BGS Edinburgh) illustrated this potential by describing how a series of ten thematic geological maps from the Wrexham area, derived from solid and drift geological maps, mine plans, borehole and quarry information, were created. ARC/INFO was used for input, editing and overlay operations to produce vector maps. These were then transferred to a LEGIS (now HORIZON) system for combination with a raster base-map prior to plotting and production of masters for printing. Despite a number of technical problems it was argued that the data checking involved in this process produced a better quality product than traditional methods. In the first of three papers involving engineering geology applications, P. Nathanail (Wimpey) & M. Rosenbaum (Imperial College) gave an overview of the requirements of a GIS for this discipline. Data, particularly data structure , data storage and models of ground conditions were seen as


Background and Purpose. Interprofessional collaboration in health care is now considered a high priority, as concerns about patient safety, health and human resources shortages, and effective and efficient care have reached epic proportions. Although there are many models for interprofessional education for collaborative, patient‐centered care, there is little in the literature to describe competencies for an interprofessional collaborative practitioner. This article will describe an emerging Canadian competency framework for interprofessional collaboration that (1) considers previous descriptions of collaborative practice and (2) uses existing literature to support a model for describing competencies for collaborative practice. Model Description and Evaluation. In this emerging competency framework, 6 competency domains are described using a competency statement and a set of associated descriptors. The collaborative leadership, dealing with interprofessional conflict, team functioning, and role clarification domains intersect with all of the others, yet are distinct and require focused descriptions. While patient‐centered care and communication also are domains unto themselves, these competencies are integral elements of the other domains and are integrated throughout the framework. In the background supporting all of the domains are 3 key themes: context of practice, level of complexity, and quality improvement. The emerging framework was reviewed by a wide group of stakeholders, including an external review. Future use of the framework will assist in further shaping it to meet the needs of educators, researchers, practitioners, regulators, and accreditors. Discussion and Conclusion. The competency framework has been designed as a practical tool for a number of stakeholder groups. In particular, physical therapy educators can use it as a basis for interprofessional education programs and activities that prepare collaborative practitioners for the future. The framework is flexible and can be used in simple or complex situations, in a variety of practice settings, as a guide for learning outcomes and evaluation or assessment of performance, and as a tool for developing entry‐level curricula and continuing professional development. The strength of the framework will emerge as it evolves over time.


Three alpine and three subalpine sites were monitored for up to 4 years to acquire data on the temporal and spatial variability of CO2 flux through snowpacks. We conclude that the snow formed a passive cap which controlled the concentration of CO2 at the snow-soil interface, while the flux of CO2 into the atmosphere was controlled by CO2 production in the soil. Seasonal variability in the flux at all sites was characterized by early winter minima followed by a rise in flux that averaged 70% above the minima over about a 1-month period. The seasonal variability was not related to soil temperatures which remained relatively constant. Interannual variability was small, and spatial variability was smaller than previously reported. Spatial variability on a scale of 1 to 10 m was less than 30% of the average fluxes and not significantly greater than estimated error in most cases. Spatial variability on a scale of 10- to 100-m was about a factor of 2 and on a scale of 100 to 1000 m was about a factor of 4. The 100- to 1000-m variability was complicated by the fact that the sites were in different ecosystems, alpine and subalpine, and at different elevations. We attribute the small variability at the 1- to 10-m scale to the deep snow cover, from 1.4 to 5 m. We hypothesize that horizontal diffusion under the snow cover reduced small-scale horizontal gradients, while the insulating effect of the deep snow cover kept the soil temperature and moisture relatively constant. Equivalent annual wintertime flux averaged about 95 g C m−2 yr−1 in the alpine and about 232 g C m−2 yr−1 in the subalpine sites. Measurements of CO2 concentrations at 0.2 and 0.5 m in the soil of one of the subalpine sites indicated that production early in the snow season occurred at or below 0.5 m while production between 0.5 m, and the surface became important after the start of the melt season.


We report that a pulsed negative bias stress slightly deteriorates the photoelectric stability of amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors, whereas a dc negative bias stress induces a large threshold voltage shift under the light. In the case of pulsed bias stresses, many of photoexcited positive charges might be recombined during the interval between pulses while those charges under dc bias drift to the channel interface without recombination. Interfacial trap density measurements explain the effects of such photoexcited positive charges on the interface.


Survey based nonmarket valuation research is often regarded as economics research. However, resource economists need to be aware of and acknowledge the manifold information sources that they employ in order to enhance the policy credibility of their studies. Communication between resource economists and practitioners of allied disciplines including chemistry, civil engineering, sociology, and anthropology are often neglected. Recent resource allocation policy debates have given rise to an extensive discussion of methodological issues that narrow the scope of the subject. The present paper provides a format for the presentation of nonmarket valuation research results that emphasizes the manifold links between economics studies that employ different methodologies to estimate nonmarket resource values. A more robust emphasis on the interlocking features of the different approaches for estimating nonmarket benefits should foster appreciation of the transdisciplinary aspects of the subject.


Abstract Medical tourism constitutes one form of international trade in services. There has been continuing interest in the size of this segment of trade, the direction of this trade (e.g., west to east, south to north), the growth prospects for this trade, and the ability of tourism to disrupt healthcare delivery in the west. Unfortunately, research on this segment of trade has lagged behind the speculation and hype. This article examines the size and growth of this trade, and finds the volume nowhere near the original estimates. The article then examines the ability of US–India medical tourism to deliver on 'value' (quality divided by cost), solve the 'iron triangle' of healthcare (improving access and quality while controlling cost), and 'bend the trend' in rising healthcare costs. To deliver on this value, India's healthcare system will need to develop significant capabilities in areas that document quality improvement along with lower cost. The article concludes with a discussion of two trends taking place in both countries that can potentially thwart the disruptive force of medical tourism.


Histone deacetylases (HDACs) allow histones to wrap DNA more tightly and finally lead to the repression of some tumor suppressor genes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) have been proved to have effects on tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this study, we reported the design, synthesis, and in vitro activity evaluation of novel PXD101 analogs with L‐phenylglycine‐containing cap as HDACIs. Our results showed that HDACs inhibitory activities of compounds 10k, 10r, and 10s were not only superior to the first approved HDACI SAHA, but also comparable to their parent compound PXD101, a recently approved HDACI in 2014. However, all 6 selected PXD101 analogs exhibited moderate in vitro antiproliferative activities, less potent than PXD101 and SAHA. Representative compound 10s showed similar HDACs isoform selective profile to PXD101, which demonstrated that introduction of L‐phenylglycine‐containing branched cap group could not change the isoform selectivity of PXD101 dramatically.


Numerical methods have been applied to the problem of the diffusion of CO and O2 through the red blood corpuscle membrane, accompanied by diffusion and chemical reaction of these substances in the layer of concentrated haemoglobin solution inside the corpuscle. The methods are applied to recent data on (i) the rates of CO uptake by corpuscle suspensions and haemoglobin solutions, prepared from the blood of rams and pregnant ewes, (ii) the rates of O2egress from ram corpuscle suspensions and haemoglobin solutions. In the case of the ram blood the slower overall rates of exchange in the corpuscle suspensions, as compared with the haemoglobin solution, can be accounted for by the limiting effect of diffusion inside the corpuscle, without the necessity of attributing any limiting effect to the corpuscle membrane. In the pregnant ewe blood, on the other hand, the corpuscle membrane appears to have a definite limiting effect on the passage of CO and preliminary values of its permeability to this substance are given. It is also shown how the special methods, of computation developed in this paper can be generalized and thus made applicable to other processes in which diffusion and chemical reaction velocity are jointly involved.


Plate seals can provide low leakage at rotor-stator interfaces with large pressure drops in turbomachinery within a limited axial span. When designed with a self-correcting hydrostatic feedback mechanism, non-contact operation could be achieved even in the presence of large rotor transients. Flow induced dynamical instability is one of the key design challenges in plate seals for rotor-stator sealing in turbomachinery. The instabilities are caused by potentially multiple flow induced vibration mechanisms operating during different flow regimes. This paper investigates mechanisms of vortex induced flutter in compliant plate seals, which happens when the vortex shedding frequency of the plates comes close to one of the natural frequencies of vibration of the structure. An experimental methodology based on optical flow analysis of high speed videography is proposed to characterize vibrations of the ensemble of plates ("leafpack".) Experiments show that the compliant plates vibrate in the flow field with amplitude dependent on the pressure drop. Additionally, the vibrations of individual plates are highly coupled to each other, leading to phase-locking or phase-drifting depending on boundary conditions. The leafpack has a characteristic frequency and exhibits traveling wave phenomena under certain conditions of pressurization. Using experimental insights, plate seals are modeled as a ring of a large (∼103) number of locally coupled oscillators, with nonlinear stiffness arising from hydrostatic forces. A two-way coupling exists between the structural and fluid wake dynamics. Using center manifold reduction, the coupled fourth order dynamics of the system is reduced to second order and transform the equations into the normal form for investigating the possibility of mitigating flow induced vibrations through the phenomenon of amplitude death. Conditions under which successful induction of amplitude death could eliminate plate vibration in the mode under consideration is discussed.


In this research, which was financed by several institutions, we have designed an instrument that allows us to know the perception that university students of Physical Education have of people with Down syndrome. We have called this instrument the scale of Social Perception of people with Down syndrome EPSD-1, and in its design important psychosocial variables are recognized, whilst trying to discuss its properties in order to apply it to other contexts. Based on an analysis of factors, we offer ten main factors that deal with issues such as the social exclusion of people with Down syndrome, their autonomy and independence, their affective-sexual relations, their social and educational acceptance, their integration, their family attitudes, teacher education, and the social protectionism of these people. The initial sample is composed of 1.796 participants, and the results indicate that the scale devised here is a reliable and valid instrument in its application. This scale can be of great value for the Social Sciences, offering a latent relation with respect to the initial education which, since the university, is offered to students of higher education. Using a quantitative methodology, the results show that the psychometric properties of the scale are highly satisfactory, prompting us to suggest the conduction of new longitudinal and transversal studies using it to different populations with the purpose of furthering our knowledge of the social perception of people with Down syndrome, and of bringing out new facts about the tendency and evolution of these theme during the last years.


We studied sonochemical synthesis of yttrium, lanthanide and
uranium oxides and phosphates from solutions of particular
metal precursors, such as metal nitrates, acetates, and
acetylacetonates, in organic solvents. Nonaqueous solvents,
such as tetraglyme (tetraethyleneglycol dimethylether, TGL) and
trialkylphosphates, OP(OR)3, R = Me (TMP), Et (TEP), nBu (TBP),
were employed. Phosphates served both as solvents and
reactants. Sonolysis provided amorphous precipitates that were
converted to particular metal oxides and phosphates by
calcination. All obtained precipitates were characterized by
ICP/OES, by nitrogen adsorption isotherms, by DLS, IR
spectroscopy, SEM, TG/DSC analysis and powder XRD analysis.
Sonolysis of a series of uranyl nitrate, acetate, and
acetylacetonato complexes, M(acac)3, M = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu,
Dy, Er, and UO2(acac)2 was carried out in TGL, TMP, TEP, and
TBP under Ar on a Sonics and Materials VXC 500 W and working
frequency of 20 kHz. The precursors (0.50 g) were dissolved in
50 cm3 of a solvent, purged with Ar and cooled with a Julabo F
25MP thermostat. Sonication was run for 8 h under Ar. The
product was precipitated by the addition of hexane (20 cm3) and
the solid was separated from the solvents by centrifugation on
a Heraeus Labofuge 400 at 3000 rpm. The powders were washed by
isopropanol and light petroleum and left to dry in open air.
The sonolysis of M(acac)3 in TGL provided amorphous powders
with major bands in their IR spectra which correspond to
vas(COO) a vs(COO) vibrations of acetates produced by the acac
ligand decomposition. Powders featured high surface areas up
380 m2/g established by BET analysis. Calcination of the
powders to 1000 oC in air led to the formation of U3O8, CeO2,
Pr6O11, and corresponding Ln2O3 oxides identified by their XRD
powder patterns. When reactions of the same set of precursors
were carried out ing a reactive solvents TMP, TEP, and TBP, we
were able to obtain Y(PO3)3, UP2O7, and a series of LnPO4
phases.


Sentiment analysis has always been an important driver of political decisions and campaigns across all fields. Novel technologies allow automatizing analysis of sentiments on a big scale and hence provide allegedly more accurate outcomes. With user numbers in the billions and their increasingly important role in societal discussions, social media platforms become a glaring data source for these types of analysis. Due to its public availability, the relative ease of access and the sheer amount of available data, the Twitter API has become a particularly important source to researchers and data analysts alike. Despite the evident value of these data sources, the analysis of such data comes with legal, ethical and societal risks that should be taken into consideration when analysing data from Twitter. This paper describes these risks along the technical processing pipeline and proposes related mitigation measures.


Deep neural networks, including reinforcement learning agents, have been proven vulnerable to small adversarial changes in the input, thus making deploying such networks in the real world problematic. In this paper, we propose RADIAL-RL, a method to train reinforcement learning agents with improved robustness against any $l_p$-bounded adversarial attack. By simply minimizing an upper bound of the loss functions under worst case adversarial perturbation derived from efficient robustness verification methods, we significantly improve robustness of RL-agents trained on Atari-2600 games and show that RADIAL-RL can beat state-of-the-art robust training algorithms when evaluated against PGD-attacks. We also propose a new evaluation method, Greedy Worst-Case Reward (GWC), for measuring attack agnostic robustness of RL agents. GWC can be evaluated efficiently and it serves as a good estimate of the reward under the worst possible sequence of adversarial attacks; in particular, GWC accounts for the importance of each action and their temporal dependency, improving upon previous approaches that only evaluate whether each single action can change under input perturbations. Our code is available at this https URL.


Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is methods which can help Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) through their Learning opportunities. There are different kinds of IDS based on various artificial intelligence methods; one of these methods is ANN which some scholars work on. Two important characters of IDS are speed and accuracy. Our goal in this paper is to survey IDS methods based on ANN; a brief description of ANN, its working operation and a description of IDS are expressed firstly; later in Methods section, some methods are briefly described and then in comparison section these methods compered which cause a better understanding of benefits and defects of each one. At last consequences are obtained by considering the whole mentioned methods.


Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) describes a spectrum of conditions related to the development of the hip in infants and young children. It encompasses abnormal development of the acetabulum and proximal femur and mechanical instability of the hip joint. Newborns often have physiologic laxity of the hip and immaturity of the acetabulum during the first few weeks of life. In most cases, the laxity resolves, and the acetabulum proceeds to develop normally. With assessment of risk factors, serial physical examination of the hips, and appropriate use of imaging studies, most children with pathologic hips can be correctly diagnosed and treated without long-term sequelae. Clinical screening of all neonatal hips is currently accepted as the most economic assessment of hips in many countries, with infants considered at risk of DDH or with hips demonstrating subluxation then undergoing Graf ultrasound examination


A haptic teleoperation system enables an operator to interact with a remote environment. How well the remote environment is presented to the operator is typically referred to as transparency. Common transparency measures for haptic teleoperation consider one or two fixed environments only, usually the extreme cases of freespace and stiff contact. Our approach offers insights on the range of environments for which a system achieves a desired transparency. Therefore, transparency over a range of environment parameters is examined by approximating the impedance displayed to the operator by means of a simple, physically interpretable mechanical impedance. A numerical optimization is used to determine the parameters characterizing this impedance model. This results in an intuitive graphical representation of the transparency of a teleoperation system. As an example, two common teleoperation architectures are analyzed and obtained results are experimentally verified.


New data on the photoabsorption spectra of LiH, NaK and KH are reported involving ground state X 1 Sigma and excited state A 1 Sigma near the dissociation limits. Rotational and vibrational analysis of the observed bands is presented: LiH X 1 Sigma V=1 to 1 Sigma (16<or=V<or=26)NaH X 1 Sigma V=0/V=1 to A 1 Sigma (13<or=V<or=22)/(12<or=V<or=25) KH X 1 Sigma V=0/V=1 to A 1 Sigma (24<or=V<or=34)/(27<or=V<or=38). In each molecule, the highest observed vibrational level lies very close to the dissociation limit and it corresponds to about 99% of the expected bands for the A 1 Sigma state potential energy curve.


Describes a video-based, contact-free image processing system for the determination of the point of fixation. Two steps are essential for this purpose: determination of both the 3-D eye position (eye tracking) and the gaze function (gaze tracking). The gaze camera changes its orientation to follow the movement of the head and keeps the centre of the eye being always at its optical axis. A novel algorithm (head-fixed coordinate transformation) compensates influences of both the head movement and the pose change of the gaze camera on the gaze function and determines the point of fixation in 3-D space.


Antiferromagnetic coupling between magnetic electrodes has been observed in non-epitaxial perpendicularly magnetized MgO tunnel junctions. This coupling becomes less negative with increasing annealing temperature up to 375degC. This can be possibly related to homogeneization of oxygen in the barrier and de-oxidation of the magnetic electrodes. However, the evolution of coupling field with both barrier and electrode thickness doesn't agree with existing coupling theories. Similar structures with in-plane magnetized electrodes exhibit classical ferromagnetic coupling.


The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate inter and intra row spacing of sunflower irrigated during the critical growing stages to obtain the highest seed and oil yields. The experiment was carried out with three replications in the randomized blocks with split plots design in 2016 and 2017. Inter row spacings (45 and 70 cm) were placed on the main plots and intra row spacings (20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 cm) were placed on the subplots. Bosfora, oilseed hybrid sunflower variety was used as plant material. It has been determined that inter and intra row spaces had statistically significant effects on sunflower development and yield parameters. In general, as the distance between the inter and intra rows narrowed, plant height was increased, while the stem and table diameters, the number of seeds in the table, thousand seed weight, oil rate and per plant yield were decreased. And also seed and oil yield was increased, in contrast to per plant yield, due to the increase in plant number per unit area. Seed and oil yield with 45x25 cm inter and intra row spacings were 59.6% and 52.9% higher as compared to 70x40 cm spacing, respectively. The highest seed and oil yield was obtained from 45x25 cm inter and intra row space under irrigated conditions


iedel thyroiditis, also known as invasive fibrous thyroiditis, is a rare disorder of unknown etiology in which fibrous tissue replaces the normal thyroid gland and extends into adjacent tissues. The differential diagnosis includes carcinoma, lymphoma, and Hashimoto thyroiditis, but the extent of the fibrosis in these disorders is much less, and these entities usually do not extend beyond the thyroid. Sonographic features resemble those of acute or chronic thyroiditis with adjacent soft tissue extension. Here we present the imaging features of Riedel thyroiditis associated with massive neck fibrosis.


A common conviction of Modernism about personality's absence in the High Middle Ages is criticized in the issue. From Duns Scotus's axioms, scholastic directives about necessary aspiration of bliss which characterizes a true Christian believer, the author has proved that scholastic doctrines of the period are aimed at a process of moral, reflective and responsible person formation whose deliberately remains an unchanged balance between individual and collective values. The hermeneutical, phenomenological, logical and critical methods are used to reveal social and mental senses of ethical and religious category of bliss in Duns Scotus's doctrine and axiological mainstreams' determination of personality development in the High Middle Ages. The Scotus's interpretation of bliss aspiration is proved to state a concept of active individual development and emphasizes a process of personality formation, encourages a man to self-control and the inner world harmonization according to Christian canonical values and ideas of believers from various communities - families, corporations, states, which create the integral "Christian community" (corpus Christianorum). A beatitudo aspiration is a hierarchical guideline and a mean of active spiritual and moral motion beginning, as well as it is one of the will's direction facilities toward an ideal object. The bliss aspiration provides an opportunity to realize abilities of will-love, to overcome depravity interim ethics, by eliminating its contingent notion, and after having known a natural sphere of bliss, wishing happiness. Scholar considers beatitudo a bail of Love and God's plan in an ordinary human life, as a certain man's gift that facilitates to reach finis ultimus. Despite a level of depravity a man should personally harmonize two spheres of bliss, in particular private and universal spheres. Nevertheless, due to a natural law human nature primarily desires happiness in a private sphere, and then bliss in a universal sphere that will be reached by a posteriori acts of will and an equal dilemma solution. A philosophic interpretation of a bliss category is created for the first time. The perspectives of further study will allow contemporaries an additional opportunity to understand the anthropological transition from traditional way of thinking to rational and individual one and to determine the internal filling of medieval human's spiritual world, that are the mental milestones in a process of a European personality formation.


Documentary linguistics is new and distinctive enough that some linguists and other participants in academic reviews may be uncertain about how to assess its outputs. We recommend specific strategies for assessing documentary linguistic scholarship in academic review contexts, based on a brief description of the field for the benefit of colleagues in other areas.


1. Elevation of [K(+)](e) induced a contraction of rabbit aorta. If 10 mM-La(3+) was applied to rabbit aortae prior to [K(+)](e) elevation no contraction occurred. When 10 mM-La(3+) was applied simultaneously with, or at short time periods after, elevation of [K(+)](e) graded contractions were obtained whose magnitudes were higher if La(3+) was added at a later stage.2. Net cellular Ca fluxes associated with these graded contractions were measured using (45)Ca as well as atomic absorption. Correlation of the graded contractions with the net inward Ca movements yielded a Ca activation curve for intact arterial smooth muscle cells. The curve was S-shaped with half-maximal activation at a net Ca uptake of 41 mumole/kg wet wt. of aorta and full activation at 64 mumole/kg. If corrections were made for the extracellular space, full activation occurred at a net Ca uptake of 102 mumole/kg smooth muscle cells or roughly 25 mumole in excess of the value calculated to bind to the activation sites on arterial smooth muscle myosin.3. The contractile force of the smooth muscle cells not only depended on the magnitude, but also on the rate of the net Ca uptake.4. Elevation of tissue c-AMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase greatly reduced both the rate and magnitude of contraction without affecting the size of the high K(+) stimulated Ca influx. It was concluded that high K(+)-induced depolarization activates the rabbit aorta by stimulating a net Ca uptake, and that the degree of activation is modified by c-AMP sensitive Ca accumulation by intracellular organelles.


During the COVID-19 pandemic, the price of preventive equipment such as masks and hand sanitizers has increased significantly. Likewise, thermometers are experiencing an increase and scarcity, this tool is also sought after by many companies for screening employees and guests before entering the building to detect body temperatures that are suspected of being positive for COVID-19. The use of a thermometer operated by humans is very risky because dealing directly with people who could be People Under Monitoring/Suscpected (ODP) or even positive for COVID-19, therefore we need tools for automatic body temperature screening and do not involve humans for the examination. This research uses the MLX-90614 body temperature sensor equipped with an ultrasonic support sensor to detect movement and measure the distance between the forehead and the temperature sensor so that the body heat measurement works optimally, and a 16x2 LCD to display the temperature measurement results. If the measured body temperature is more than 37.5 ° C degrees Celsius then the buzzer will turn on and the selenoid door lock will not open and will send a notification to the Telegram messaging application. The final result obtained is the formation of a prototipe device for measuring body temperature automatically without the need to involve humans in measuring body temperature to control people who want to enter the building so as to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission.


In experiments on rats it was found that aphobazole administered before emotional stress is capable to stop violations of adaptive reactions and compensator capabilities of a hemopoietic system in conditions of development of an emotional stress in early terms after gamma-irradiation with a dose of 0.9 Gy.


Objective: The present study, conducted after the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict, was aimed to investigate 2 resources (i.e., personal mastery and community dedication) hypothesized to have a mediating effect on the relationship between trauma exposure and PTSS (posttraumatic stress symptoms) and PTG (posttraumatic growth) in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Method: Israeli civilians (N = 1,014) completed a questionnaire assessing levels of trauma exposure (the predictors), sense of mastery and community dedication (the mediators), and PTSS and PTG (the outcomes). Results: PTSS and PTG were positively related. Sense of mastery mediated the association between trauma exposure and PTSS symptoms and was negatively associated with PTSS and PTG. Community dedication was positively related to PTG and mediated the association of trauma with PTG. Conclusions: People higher in mastery may not need to search for a "silver lining" in coping with psychological consequences of trauma as they believe they are capable of handling it. Conversely, persons with higher levels of coping self-confidence may be denied the benefits of posttraumatic growth in coping with trauma. People's connections to the community in times of coping with collective upheavals may not protect them against PTSS yet community orientation may bring postevent benefits of posttraumatic growth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).


Squid giant axons were used to obtain axonal cytoskeletons that had been separated from the confines of their plasma membranes. To remove the plasma membrane, axoplasm was extruded from the giant axon directly into an artificial axoplasm solution (AAS). This procedure produces a smooth axoplasmic cylinder in which neurofilaments (NFs) are the most prevalent cytological elements. The NFs scatter light strongly and thus dark-field light microscopy can be used to quantify the volume occupied by these polymers. Measurements of the widths of the dark-field images of the axoplasmic cylinders showed that the cross-sectional area of the NF population increased by 60-110% (n = 8) between 1-100 min after plasma membrane removal, and then continued to increase more slowly for many hours. After 1,000 min, the cross-sectional area was 75-160% (n = 8) larger than at 1 min. These light microscopic measurements of axoplasm suggest that the NF population disperses to occupy a continuously increasing volume after removal of the plasma membrane and immersion in AAS. This inference was confirmed by quantitative ultrastructural studies of NFs in axoplasmic cross-sections, which demonstrated that the spacing between the NFs increased between 1-1,000 min after plasma membrane removal. Comparison of the NF density distribution after 1,000 min with a theoretical distribution calculated using the Poisson theorem indicated that the NFs dispersed randomly. These studies on NFs in isolated axoplasm suggest that ordinary thermal forces of Brownian motion are sufficient to move axonal NFs apart independently and thereby to disperse them. We propose that, in the intact axon, the dispersive movements of the NFs spread the NF cytoskeleton radially and expansively to fill out the cylindrical space contained by the axonal plasma membrane and its surrounding connective tissue elements.


Objectives Fractional (part-time) appointments are becoming more commonplace in many professions, including medicine. With respect to the contemporary oncological landscape, this highlights a critical moment in the optimisation of employment conditions to enable high-quality service provision given growing patient numbers and treatment volume intensification. Data are drawn from a broader study which aimed to better understand the workforce experiences of medical oncologists in Australia. This paper specifically aims to examine a group of clinicians' views on the consequences of fractional work in oncology. Design Qualitative, one-on-one semistructured interviews. Interview transcripts were digitally audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were subject to thematic analysis supported by the framework approach and informed by sociological methods and theory. Setting New South Wales, Australia. Participants Medical oncologists (n=22), including 9 female and 13 male participants, at a range of career stages. Results Four key themes were derived from the analysis: (1) increasing fractional employment relative to opportunities for full-time positions and uncertainty about future opportunities; (2) tightening in role diversity, including reducing time available for research, mentoring, professional development and administration; (3) emerging flexibility of medical oncology as a specialty and (4) impact of fractional-as-norm on workforce sustainability and quality of care. Conclusion Fractional appointments are viewed as increasing in oncology and the broader consequences of this major shift in medical labour remain unexamined. Such appointments offer potential for flexible work to better suit the needs of contemporary oncologists; however, fractional work also presents challenges for personal and professional identity and vocational engagement. Fractional appointments are viewed as having a range of consequences related to job satisfaction, burnout and service delivery. Further research is needed to provide a critical examination of the multiple impacts of workforce trends within and beyond oncology.


Rabbit production must be sustainable. One of the main bases of this sustainability is the profitability of the farms, in which improvement is achieved through the technical and economic management. These managements imply collecting production and economic data, calculating indexes, comparing results with those obtained in other farms, making decisions, and evaluating the consequences of changes. The chapter details the different steps to follow to develop the technical and economic management of the rabbit farms to improve their profitability. Templates to collect data, formulae to obtain different technical and economic indexes, results obtained in different producing countries, and possible techniques to improve profitability are shown.


In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for a new class of contractive mappings involving rational expressions, which enable us to extend many known results in the literature. We consider illustrative example and consequences to underline the novelty of the main results. c ©2017 All rights reserved.


OBJECTIVE
To study the results obtained with surgical treatment of patients with intermittent claudication (IC) who did not clinically improve with conservative treatment, accompanied by a long follow-up (average 6 years).

METHODS
From January 1992 to January 2002, 26 patients treated surgically in a group of 1380 IC patient, representing 1.88% of the total.

RESULTS
Sixteen patients did not experience walking limitations after the surgery. Nine patients improved, however, with some degree of limitation. No intraoperative mortalities occurred. Three patients experienced thrombosis of the treated artery 6, 48, and 60 months after the procedure and started to suffer IC with onset at the same distances as before the surgery. During the long-term follow-up, we observed a mortality rate of 23.0% due to myocardial infarctions (4 patients), renal insufficiency (1 patient), and cerebral infarction (1 patient). Two patients underwent coronary bypasses 2 and 4 years after the vascular surgery, and one underwent coronary angioplasty after 3 years of follow-up. The mean follow-up was 73 months.

CONCLUSION
In our study, the results from surgical treatment of IC brought about a lasting regression of the ischemic conditions in a significant number of patients, with excellent patency rates (88.4%). We conclude that this is a good alternative for select patients, with low rates of complications and positive long-term results.


Exchange and interpersonal relationships are central to the functioning and sustainability of socio-economic activities, including innovation. Grassroots innovations (GI) are dynamic and relational phenomena that evolve with grassroots innovators' beliefs, expectations and obligatory relationships for varied resources, and the actualization of their desire to make novel and beneficial products. In this paper, the dynamics of exchange and interpersonal relationships that underpin the GI phenomenon are explored through the lens of exchange theory and the consideration of the psychological contract. While exchange theory provides an explanation for the interdependent and dyadic socio-economic relations present in GI, the psychological contract provides a view on the perceptions and expectations that are embedded in exchange and innovation activities. These two theoretical lenses serve as a foundation for the research to engage with the subjective reality of the grassroots innovators' experiences. In examining the subjective reality of the innovation experiences of the grassroots innovators; the research thereby discerns the dominant form of exchange and socio-economic structure that fosters GI from ideation to commercial scaling. Through the use of phenomenological exploration and detailed thematic analysis of the innovation experiences of the thirteen Indian grassroots innovators, the research determined the nature and spirit of the relational commercial exchanges that both entail and foster GI. The paper starts off with the discussion of the theoretical foundations of the research. Thereafter, the paper briefly discusses the research methodology and the exchange dynamics present in GI. In assimilating the research findings, the paper enlists the features of exchanges embedded in GI phenomenon and highlights the capacity of relational commercial exchanges in fostering GI. The paper further proposes, through this discussion, an interpretive framework for understanding how exchange influences the development of GI. Finally, the paper concludes with an identification of the dynamics of exchange within the GI process, and ascertains the necessary conditions for GI to flourish in commercial space.


Priming is based on the notion that our emotions, actions, and perceptions, are strongly affected by unconscious environmental cues, as opposed to consciously processed stimuli. This research study adopts a priming approach to cross-cultural business ethics, and examines the effect of cultural priming on managerial ethical decision-making. Subjects were primed through exposure to a series of pictures depicting two cultures: either an American or an African culture. Using the scenario approach, subjects were asked to evaluate four short narratives describing an ethically questionable situation on an ethical scale. The four topics were: bribery, false advertising, pollution, and species extinction. The results show that groups which were primed with either culture found all the scenarios to be more unethical than those who were not primed at all. Significant differences between the two priming groups (African, American) were observed only for the species extinction scenario. More specifically, subjects that were primed with the African images viewed the extinction scenario as more unethical. Although cultural priming was not fully observed, both priming groups found all scenarios to be more unethical than the control group, meaning there was indeed a priming effect. These findings may lead to a better understanding of cultural differences and hopefully in diminished cultural misunderstanding and strife. It can also lead to better ethical decision-making by business people understanding the unconscious influences and biases they experience when dealing with different cultures and ethical dilemmas.


Therapeutic vaccines have been in development for decades with the goal of priming and boosting an immune response against specific antigens in cancer patients. More recently, vaccination with mutation-derived neoantigens has emerged as is an attractive approach to treat cancer patients. However, appropriately selecting immunogenic antigens and neoepitopes that successfully prime the immune system of cancer patents remains a challenge. In fact, despite extensive efforts throughout the years, many vaccines have proven to be ineffective in mediating a clinically relevant anti-tumor immune response in humans. With the advent of emerging new technologies, including the combination of next-generation sequencing and improved bioinformatics tools, a new era of vaccine development is underway. Hereto, we present a novel, highly sensitive, multiplex approach, known as Multiplexed Identification of T-cell Receptor Antigen specificity (MIRA), that combines high-throughput TCR repertoire sequencing with conventional immune monitoring techniques to assess T-cell specificity to large numbers of query antigens. MIRA maps antigen specificity to TCR sequence at an unprecedented sensitivity (1 in ~10 million T-cells) and scale (more than 400 antigens at a time). To validate this approach, we assessed the response of more than 10 million naive human T-cells from each of 50 healthy donors against a panel of 366 neoepitopes. These include post-translationally modified peptides, derived from over 130 prevalent mutations in greater than 50 cancer indications. From three billion total input T-cells, we identified tens of thousands of TCRB sequences from responsive T-cell clones, of which at least one TCR was yielded for the majority of queried neoepitopes. The TCRs identified were skewed toward a small number of query antigens, with 12 neoepitopes accounting for over 50% of the TCRs identified. This suggests a higher precursor frequency of specific T-cells in the naive repertoire or a higher immunogenicity of these epitopes or both. By performing MIRA experiments in parallel using transgenes versus peptides, we can further validate which of the neoepitopes were also presented via cells' natural antigen presentation machinery. Of note, we also paired 52% of the TCRB sequences with their cognate TCRA subunit sequence thus permitting reconstitution of individual TCRs. Generating immunogenicity data to antigens of interest at scale facilitates an opportunity to better inform antigen selection in vaccine programs and improve vaccine design. Once a vaccine has been designed and administered to a patient, MIRA offers a unique solution to assess peptides based on their ability to elicit robust T responses. By creating a post-vaccination, patient-specific MIRA, a permanent record or signature of that patient's response to the vaccine is created. This information can then be leveraged to identify early biomarkers of response to the vaccine and monitor this response longitudinally by simply using single chain TCRB deep sequencing from a small amount of a patient's peripheral blood. Citation Format: Peter Ebert, Mark Klinger, Edward Osborne, Ruth Taniguchi, Joyce Hu, Tim Hayes, Sharon Benzeno, Adria Carbo, Melanie Laur, Erica Eggers, Harlan Robins. Optimization of cancer vaccine development by using Multiplexed Identification of T-cell Receptor Antigen specificity (MIRA) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B115.


The Copernicus constructed by Thomas S. Kuhn in The Copernican Revolution (1957) is a decidedly non-revolutionary astronomer who unwittingly ignited a conceptual revolution in the European worldview. Kuhn's reading of Copernicus was crucial for his model of science as a deeply conservative discourse, which presented in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). This essay argues that Kuhn's construction of Copernicus and depends on the suppression of the most radical aspects of Copernicus' thinking, such as the assumptions of the Commentariolus (1509-14) and the conception of hypothesis of De Revolutionibus (1543). After comparing hypothetical thinking in the writings of Aristotle and Ptolemy, it is suggested that Copernicus' conceptual breakthrough was enabled by his rigorous use of hypothetical thinking.


The perturbation status of vitamin D can be manifested as insufficiency, deficiency and excessiveness. Vitamin D status within the organism is determined by measuring the level of 25(OH)D in the serum. The aim of this paper was to determine the vitamin D status in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed osteoporosis as well as to correlate vitamin D status with bone mineral density (BMD) and bones' fractures. The research included 58 postmenopausal women who have recently been given the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. All the examinees were determined with the level of 25(OH)D as well as the levels of unspecific markers of the bone metabolism. All of the examinees were defined with their bone mineral density on the lumbar spine and hip, measured with DEXA densitometer. The average age of the examinees was 60,46±6,55 years, average duration of menopause 15,02±9,25 years and average concentration of 25(OH)D 46,45±14,68 nmol/L. Our results has shown the deficiency of vitamin D in 89,76% of the examinees with postmenopausal osteoporosis, positive correlation of the level of 25(OH)D and bone mineral density (BMD) and a significantly lower initial concentration of 25(OH)D with the examines with prior bone fractures opposed to those without fractures (37,57±13,08 vs. 51,22±17,26 nmol/L; p<0,02). The obtained results show that vitamine D deficiency in postmenopausal women with osteporosis present important risk factors for bones fractures as well as factors for decreasing the bone mineral density. Acta Medica Medianae 2010;49(4):16-18.


MATLAB is used in a wide range of applications in geosciences, such as image processing in remote sensing, generation and processing of digital elevation models and the analysis of time series. This book introduces basic methods of data analysis in geosciences using MATLAB. The text includes a brief description of each method and numerous examples demonstrating how MATLAB can be used on data sets from earth sciences. All MATLAB recipes can be easily modified in order to analyse the reader's own data sets. The book comes with a CD containing exemplary data sets and a digital version of the MATLAB recipes. (Springer)


Despite historic and ongoing critiques of objectivity as the gold standard for evaluating the value of research, many doctoral students and early career scholars encounter the pressures to situate one's work alongside such demands. However, such a demand often conflicts with those who are multiply marginalized and liminal subjects. Drawing on women of color feminist and ethnic and cultural studies scholars, in this article we argue for engaging liminalities as possibilities in our methodological orientation against intellectual unseeing.


The experiment was conducted to assess the differential morpho-physiological response to stimulated water deficit and to determine the relationship between some of these morphological and physiological traits and yield components of eighteen durum wheat genotypes grown in pots under lathhouse condition. Water deficit significantly affected gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. It reduced the net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs) measured both at anthesis and grain-filling stages. Similarly, the value of initial fluorescence (Fo) was increased while variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum fluorescence (Fm) and optimum quantum yield fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were decreased under water deficit. RWC of the leaves was decreased by 36.7% while SLA increased by 12.6% due to moisture stress relative to the well-watered control. No significant correlations were found between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and grain yield under water deficit condition. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between leaf gas exchange parameters and grain yield. On the other hand, peduncle length and excursion were positively correlated with grain yield while negatively correlated with drought susceptibility index under water deficit condition. Leaf posture and rolling had also a profound effect on grain yield and other attributes. Erectleaved genotypes had more grain yield, HI, kernel numbers per spikelet and grain-filling rate but had lower kernel weight than droopy leaved. Similarly, genotypes exhibited strong leaf rolling under water deficit condition had more grain yield, kernel numbers per spike and water use efficiency. The genetic variability found for leaf posture, leaf rolling, peduncle length and excursion among the Ethiopian durum wheat genotypes suggests the opportunity for selection superior and adapted genotype in water-limited environments. These can be achieved by integrating these morphological traits as indirect selection in conjunction with other yield components.


Abstract Over the past decade, educators have given greater recognition to the influence of race and culture on practice and policy. Whilst educators are now including specific courses that take account of diversity, scant attention has been paid to how these issues may be addressed in student supervision. This article reports on a qualitative study examining how three experienced supervisors addressed difference in student supervision. Supervisory approaches were compared examining the supervisors' goals, focus, supervisory strategies, theoretical orientation, contribution made to student learning and the limitation of their particular approach. These findings emphasise the complexity of addressing difference in supervision, and suggest that some additional issues to address in supervision.


Students playing digital learning games in the classroom rarely play alone, even in digital games that are ostensibly "single-player" games. This study explores the patterns of physics reasoning that emerge in face-toface and online forum collaboration while students play a physics-focused educational game in their classroom. We observed five increasing levels of explicit articulation of physics reasoning across interactions in the face-toface and online forum interactions. Additionally, we found that students were much more likely to explicitly articulate formal physics reasoning in their online forum interactions than they were in their face-to-face interactions. We discuss multiple possible explanations for these patterns of articulation in terms of differences in timing of interactions, affordances of medium, classroom scripts, and social norms. The findings and discussion extend our understanding of the structuring and contributions of peer interactions to student learning in digital learning environments in the classroom.


In this paper we want to demonstrate that an optical physical medium is compatible with the second generation of PCI Express. The benefit introduced by the optical decoupling of a PCI Express endpoint is twofold: it allows for a geographical detachment of the device and it remains compliant with the usual PCI accesses to the legacy I/O and memory spaces. We propose two boards that can bridge the PCI Express protocol over optical fiber. The first is a simple optical translator while the second is a more robust switch developed for connecting up to four devices to a single host. Such adapters are already working in the control and data acquisition system of a particle detector at CERN and hence they had been qualified for radiation hardness. The positive outcomes of the radiation tests of four types of off-the-shelf transceivers are finally reported.


We present methods to treat Low Back Pain (LBP) with electrical stimulation. The conventional method of treating LBP with electrical stimulation is based on mechanisms of reduction of pain. The method that we suggest uses electrical stimulation of trunk muscles at motor suprathreshold level synchronized with exercising of the trunk muscles. The hypothesis was that the combination of voluntary activity augmented with electrical stimulation would lead to higher levels of recovery of postural control and thereby, reduction of LBP. The electrical stimulation in this treatment was delivered with the lumbar belt with eight pairs of electrodes named Stimbelt. The outcome measures included: a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Oswestry LBP disability questionnaire, the SF-12 health survey, and Manual Muscle Test (MMT). We specifically address the selection of the most appropriate statistical tests for the analysis of results. The analysis of the results of the clinical study indicates significant benefits of the addition of the Stimbelt to the conventional therapy.


Matrix vesicles (MV) induce mineralization by compartmentalization of ion accumulation and crystal nucleation within membrane-enclosed extracellular microstructures. MV derive from cell surface microvilli by processes that cause selective enrichment of specific proteins, enzymes, lipids, and electrolytes. Incubated in synthetic cartilage lymph (SCL), MV accumulate Ca2+ and Pi, inducing mineral formation in a sequence of stages that can be altered by specific affectors. Rapid uptake of mineral ions by MV precedes formation of the first crystalline phase, octacalcium phosphate (OCP), which later converts to apatite (HAP). Early uptake of Ca2+ and Pi by MV is pH and protease sensitive, and is stimulated by o-phenanthroline (OP), a Zn2+ chelator. Recent studies reveal that a quantitatively major group of MV proteins bind to Ca2+ with high affinity in a lipid-dependent manner. These MV proteins appear to be involved in transport and accumulation of Ca2+ and Pi by MV, and may catalyze nucleation of the first mineral phase.


Although modern architecture was indicated with different terms such as Modern Architecture, Rationalism, Functionalism, Modern Movement, Neue Sachlichkeit and Neues Bauen, the Dutch modern architects had a strong preference for the translations of the last two: Nieuwe Zakelijkheid and Nieuwe Bouwen. The first one originated in German painting around 1925. It was introduced in Dutch modern architecture somewhere between the first CIAM congress in 1928 and 1930. The architect J.B. van Loghem (1932) used it in the subtitle of his book about modern Dutch architecture together with the German subtitle Neues Bauen, a term related to the CIAM congresses. From around 1929 de Nieuwe Zakelijkheid was already under attack from critics in newspapers and from traditionalist architects writing in the Roomsch Katholiek Bouwblad. They attacked the attitude of this movement for being materialistic. The focus in this article is on the year 1932 because in that year, only a few years after its appearance, the use of the phrase Nieuwe Zakelijkheid was rejected by the majority of Dutch modern architects. This occurred despite the publication that year of Van Loghem's book on Nieuwe Zakelijkheid and despite the publication by the Amsterdam School architect J. Gratama of an eye-catching but critical article about the subject in the first volume of a series of twenty books about modern (in fact contemporary) Dutch architecture. Essential, however, was the attack of the 'father of modern architecture in the Netherlands' H.P. Berlage who reproached Nieuwe Zakelijkheid for being materialistic and capitalistic. According to him all emotion was absent in The Nieuwe Zakelijkheid. Berlage's point of view was immediately published in the new founded Avant-garde journal de 8 en OPBOUW and fiercely disputed by two important representatives of de Nieuwe Zakelijkheid, J. Duiker and J.J.P. Oud. They reproached Berlage for ignoring that the zakelijke ('matter-of-fact') attitude was only meant to produce better living conditions (CIAM) and higher values (Oud) such as the cosmic laws of economy (Duiker). Thereafter the term Nieuwe Zakelijkheid was seldom used again within the circles of modern architecture. The traditionalist architects in the Roomsch Katholiek Bouwblad continued their attacks on Nieuwe Zakelijkheid but in the meantime the modern architects themselves gave preference to the expression Nieuwe Bouwen and some of the young architects of the Groep 32 even abandoned the CIAM related term Nieuwe Bouwen and propagated the high-flown phrase ARCHITECTUUR.


We have previously developed a framework for bi-directional English-to-Chinese/Chineseto-English machine translation using semi-automatically induced grammars from unannotated corpora. The framework adopts an example-based machine translation (EBMT) approach. This work reports on three extensions to the framework. First, we investigate the comparative merits of three distance metrics (Kullback-Leibler, ManhattanNorm and Gini Index) for agglomerative clustering in grammar induction. Second, we seek an automatic evaluation method that can also consider multiple translation outputs generated for a single input sentence based on the BLEU metric. Third, our previous investigation shows that Chinese-to-English translation has lower performance due to incorrect use of English inflectional forms - a consequence of random selection among translation alternatives. We present an improved selection strategy that leverages information from the example parse trees in our EBMT paradigm.


Wine color is an important sensory attribute originating from anthocyanins present in grape skin. The present study investigated the involvement or interference of bacterial cells (Oenococcus oeni and Lactobacillus plantarum mixed culture) on the adsorption of Shiraz anthocyanins during co-inoculation with yeast. The yeast-bacterial interactions during co-malolactic fermentation resulted in higher levels of glucosides and vitisin B and lower levels of coumaryl and caffeyl anthocyanins compared to wines produced via sequential malolactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. However, a detailed profiling of the sediments (lees) revealed no significant differences in the anthocyanin adsorption patterns between alcoholic- and malolactic-fermentation inoculations, even though significant differences were observed in the wines. The lees primarily contained acylated anthocyanins of peonidin and malvidin, indicating hydrophobic interactions involved in adsorption. Overall, yeast-bacterial interaction during malolactic fermentation showed a drastic influence on the final wine composition, and adsorption was a minor variable governing the anthocyanin changes. The incorporation of the L. plantarum strain for co-inoculation resulted in high pyranoanthocyanin levels and could therefore be a strategy to prevent loss of color during co-inoculation.


Reconstruction of surface geometry of the last glacial maximum (LGM) glaciers in the Polish High Tatra Mts. (drainage basins of Roztoka and Rybi Potok). Prz. Geol., 57: 72-79. Abstract.Ar econstruction of the last glacial maximum (LGM) ice surface geometry in the Polish High Tatra Mts. (drainage basins of Roztoka and Rybi Potok) is based on detailed field mapping of glacial trimlines. Obtained field data provide evidence of the ice surface elevation within the ice accumulation areas and in some cases they indicate direction of ice flow. The LGM ice-surface geometry is presented as a digital elevation model (DEM) which was created using geographic information system (GIS). Calculations of ice thickness and ice volume are based on DEM of present land topography. Reconstruction of the ice extent within ablation area is created using archival data. During LGM, the Roztoka glacier and the Rybi Potok glacier were a typical valley glaciers included into a huge glacial system being a dendritic glacier. According to acumulation area ratio (AAR) method, equilibrium line of these glaciers was situated at an elevation of about 1400 m a.s.l. It shows that nearly the whole area of the drainage basins of Roztoka and Rybi Potok have been an ice accumulation area supply- ing the Bia³a Woda glacier during LGM. Equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depression in relation to modern ELA (2300 m a.s.l.) was about 900 m. Assuming temeperature lapse rate of 0,6 o C/100 m, a mean summer temperature in the Tatra Mts. was lowered of about 5,5 o C. Ice area and its volume calculated for accumulation areas indicate that their relations to one another are nearly identical. It can be evidence for similar precipitation in both the Roztoka and the Rybi Potok drainage basins and an indicator of atmospheric circula- tion pattern which have determined climate in the Tatra Mts. during LGM.


Methods of queuing theory can be solved many problems of the study of the processes occurring in the economy. Mathematical methods allow obtaining the main characteristics of the system. This means that you can perform qualitative analysis of the impact of individual factors on the work efficiency. The article considers one of the important tasks of commercial activity, the rational organization of trade and manufacturing process of mass service, for example in the supermarket


Coral recruitment describes the addition of new individuals to populations, and it is one of the most fundamental demographic processes contributing to population size. As many coral reefs around the world have experienced large declines in coral cover and abundance, there has been great interest in understanding the factors causing coral recruitment to vary and the conditions under which it can support community resilience. While progress in these areas is being facilitated by technological and scientific advances, one of the best tools to quantify recruitment remains the humble settlement tile, variants of which have been in use for over a century. Here I review the biology and ecology of coral recruits and the recruitment process, largely as resolved through the use of settlement tiles, by: (i) defining how the terms 'recruit' and 'recruitment' have been used, and explaining why loose terminology has impeded scientific advancement; (ii) describing how coral recruitment is measured and why settlement tiles have value for this purpose; (iii) summarizing previous efforts to review quantitative analyses of coral recruitment; (iv) describing advances from hypothesis-driven studies in determining how refuges, seawater flow, and grazers can modulate coral recruitment; (v) reviewing the biology of small corals (i.e. recruits) to understand better how they respond to environmental conditions; and (vi) updating a quantitative compilation of coral recruitment studies extending from 1974 to present, thus revealing long-term global declines in density of recruits, juxtaposed with apparent resilience to coral bleaching. Finally, I review future directions in the study of coral recruitment, and highlight the need to expand studies to deliver taxonomic resolution, and explain why time series of settlement tile deployments are likely to remain pivotal in quantifying coral recruitment.


The capability of early visual performance evaluation of alternative driving schemes is a major issue for time-effective and low-cost design of driver circuits for liquid crystal displays (LCD). We implemented a platform-independent, high-level, fully-configurable LCD driver simulation environment. The software incorporates an accurate driver/LC circuit model for reliable frequency characterization of the display module behavior. We demonstrated its efficiency in elaborating an optimal driving configuration that yields crosstalk-free image representation. The tool has been integrated into industrial design flows


Reconciling scene realism with interactivity has emerged as one of the most important areas in making virtual reality feasible for large-scale CAD data sets consisting of several millions of primitives. Level of detail (LoD) and multi-resolution modeling techniques in virtual reality can be used to speed up the process of virtual design and virtual prototyping. In this paper, we present an automatic LoD generation and rendering algorithm, which is suitable for CAD models and propose a new multi-resolution representation scheme called MRM (multi-resolution model), which can support efficient extraction of fixed resolution and variable resolution for multiple objects in the same scene. MRM scheme supports unified selective simplifications and selective refinements over the mesh. Furthermore, LoD and multi-resolution models may be used to support real-time geometric transmission in collaborative virtual design and prototyping.


Noninvasive radioaerosol technique was applied to investigate the mucociliary activity of bronchial mucosa using 99mTc-labelled homologous erythrocytes for inhalation. Radioactivity was continuously measured for 60 min with a gamma camera connected online to the computer. Time-activity kinetic parameters were calculated by a monoexponential model. Test substance azelastine and bromhexine were used to demonstrate the validity of experimental method discussed.


INTRODUCTION
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are classified as oncohematologic, clonal diseases. However, some MDS subtypes lack malignant clinical features. Literary data on the clonality of blood cells in MDS are controversial. Therefore we examined the clonality in the group of our own MDS patients. We were especially interested in the comparison of the clonality of myeloid and lymphoid cell line-ages.

METHODS AND MATERIAL
Using X-chromosome inactivation methods based on polymorphism in human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA), iduronate sulphatase gene (IDS) and protein p55 gene, we assessed the clonality of granulocytes, monocytes and T-lymphocytes of 49 female patients with MDS and 12 control women of various ages.

RESULTS
Though the results were heterogeneous, certain trends were observed: most frequently monoclonality of monocytes was found (51%), granulocytes were monoclonal in 33% of cases, monoclonal T lymphocytes only in 8% of cases. There was no case with monoclonal T lymphocytes and simultaneously polyclonal myeloid cell fractions. Results differ in relation to the subtypes of MDS. Among controls we observed monoclonality of myeloid cells in one case of an old lady. WE CONCLUDE: The results confirm the presence of malignant clone of myeloid cells in MDS, which can be of variable size. The examination of the clonality in MDS can be significant for the therapy decision. Monoclonal myeloid cells are found least frequently in refractory anemia, most frequently in RAEB-T. Monoclonality of cells in sideroblastic anemia is interesting. The prevailing polyclonality of T lymphocytes in MDS can be explained by the presence of a long-lived cell population originating from the period before the development of MDS. The role of the polyclonal memory T cells in the antitumor immunity in MDS is discussed.


Since the foundation of the modern linguistic, such in Ferdinand de Saussure's best known work, "Course on General Linguistics", semiotics has dealt explicitly with problems concerning language, for example with the issue of the origin, or even not less with the issue of the importance of conventions for the notion of a linguistic regularity; nevertheless is with the concept of 'semantics' – term subject of much debate, still racy – that semiotic paradigm binds with the philosophical thought about language. Indeed the theoretical discussion of the last fifteen years has made an important effort to understand and analyse the relation between cognitive models from which the language depends and the effects, widely unpredictable, that results from the practical use of language. The intent of this article is to give a briex excursus of the relevant steps of the semiotic argomentation on semantics, drawing a path from the greimasian project to the most recent theories. We would like to show how the questions are changed, through the Umberto Eco's idea of an "encylopedic meaning", coming up to new findings, as in the case of Patrizia Violi's studies about the cognition of aknowledgement, or in the work of Francois Rastier and Claudio Paolucci, focused on the idea of a "morphological semantics", around problems such as the "metaphorical meaning". We hope to offer a statement of fact from the perspective of contemporary semiotics, perspective that considers both reality and cognition as central in questions about the human knowlegde.


I wish to draw attention to the dangerous trend in the usage of 'Essential Oils internally, by oral, rectal and vaginal routes by some Aromatherapists. In an article in your Journal last year, I gave the true definition of Aromatherapy, which must involve the odour of the oils but need not include massage in the therapeutic use. I also pointed out that the use of essential oils internally, as medicines on the continent, is conducted by medically qualified doctors and that encapsulated Peppermint oil is used for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and a mixture of encapsulated components are used for treating gallstones and ureteric stones, but these have obviously been tested and licenced as medicines. It seems that many aromatherapists with no medical qualifications and devoid of scientific qualifications are now dispensing treatments using essential oils and discussing this on the Internet. As a consequence there is a growing danger that a serious poisoning if not a fatality, will arise due to this dangerous practice and its perpetuation. This danger is illustrated by several paragraphs which appear in the book by Julia Goodwin entitled &dquo;Natural Babycare&dquo; (published by Ebury Press, 1997) where, for example, it is suggested that infantile colic can be relieved by adding 5-10 drops of chamomile oil three times a day to a little warmed water or milk. Depending on the drop size, the dose could be about 6ml per day, and if the baby has a low body weight, it could amount to a toxic dose (based on the LD50). Furthermore, there are at least three types of chamomile oils on the market, which are from different plants, yielding oils of completely different chemical composition; there is also frequent adulteration of essential oils with various solvents which have included


Background: Toxoplsma is a parasite with a global distribution that infect both human and animal, most of human toxoplasmosis is chronic infection. Chronic toxoplasmosis can affect human behavioral and hormonal status. Objective: In this study the effect of toxoplasmosis on the level of certain hormones (total testosterone, estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) have been investigated. Methods: One hundred and ninety serum samples from Kirkuk university students were assayed for Toxoplasma antibody (IgM,IgG), among them 40 (21.1%) samples were positive The serum of positive samples along with control group were assayed for some hormonal levels by using ELIS technique. Results: From the obtained results after conducting statistical analysis, it has been found that there is a significant differences in testosterone and estradiol concentration in both infected males and females comparing with the uninfected control cohort. The concentration range of testosterone were (12.8-15.5, 1.6-3.1 ng/ml) for each of infected male and female respectively which was significantly higher than the control (6.9-8.0,0.39-o.58 ng/ml) respectively for male and female. The estradiol concentration range in infected cohort were (34.3-39.6, 184.3-197.0 pg/ml) for male and female respectively, comparing with the control (22.2-26.9, 72.8-75.5 Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS) Volume 11, Issue 3, September 2016 , p.p(66-80) ISSN 1992 – 0849 Web Site: www.kujss.com Email: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com 67 pg/ml) for male and female respectively. No significant differences were appeared between the FSH concentrations in infected and control cohort in both male and female. The infected males were a little taller and more depressed than uninfected one. Conclusions: From the current study we concluded that chronic toxoplasmosis can affect some hormonal concentration in human blood which may change or influence human behavior.


Technology Focus
 Welcome to the debut of the Digital Data Acquisition feature in JPT. As the first reviewer for this feature, I look forward to guiding you through a selection of excellent papers that reflect our industry's direction and future. The new feature comes from the desire of readers and reviewers to broaden the scope of JPT 's coverage of developments related to digital transformation and the many applications that the industry can derive from these exciting possibilities. This feature concentrates on the acquisition and accessibility of data, but, naturally, there may be crossover with other aspects of information acquisition and management also covered in the magazine. After all, the very concept of data, and the role it can play, is ever-changing, and we must adapt to take the best advantage of its possibilities.
 The beginnings of the digital transformation effort of the oil and gas industry can be traced back at least a decade, when many of the oil majors started their initial efforts on smart fields. Different companies had different names for this concept. Shell called it "smart fields," Chevron called it "intelligent oil fields," BP called it "fields of the future," and so forth, but the basic premise was the same: Data combined with software and technology will enable autonomous, continuous optimization of oil fields.
 We have come a long way since then, but, with data being the backbone of such a transformation, one of the key impediments to this digital transformation has been the lack of standardized, high-quality, easily accessible data, making it difficult to realize the full potential of digital transformation. As such, this feature will focus on this important, but often neglected, aspect of digital transformation. In particular, it will focus on technologies to improve data accessibility and data acquisition and entirely new data sources and their applications.
 On the topic of data accessibility, while there are many papers to choose from, including some focused on cloud-based big-data services and better data standards, I have selected an interesting paper on converting analog field data to digital using machine learning. Similarly, on the topic of improving data acquisition, there also are many interesting papers about the Internet of things, edge computing, and underwater lasers, for example; however, we will high-light a cloud-connected wireless intelligent completion system and its applications. Finally, on new data sources, there are here again many interesting papers, including some on the use of drones for pipeline monitoring, the use of electric potential for analyzing fractures, and fiber optics, for example. The paper chosen will demonstrate the applications of remote sensing imagery on Arctic operations. A common theme of these highlighted papers is the demonstration of real-field applications. I hope this will give you a taste of the state of the art on these topics and the road ahead.
 Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
 IPTC 19045 Combining the Power of the Internet of Things and Big Data To Unleash the Potential of the Digital Oil Field by Abdullah AlBar, Saudi Aramco, et al.
 SPE 190955 Enabling Autonomous Well Optimization by Using Internet-of-Things-Enabled Devices and Machine Learning in Bakken Horizontal Wells by Jack Freeman, Equinor, et al.
 OTC 29130 Toward Automation of Satellite-Based Radar Imagery for Iceberg Surveillance—Machine Learning of Ship and Iceberg Discrimination by Desmond Power, C-CORE, et al.


For a given mathematical problem and a given approximate solution, the residue or defect may be defined as a quantity to measure how well the problem has been solved. Such information may then be used in a simplified version of the original mathematical problem to provide an appropriate correction quantity. The correction can then be applied to correct the approximate solution in order to obtain a better approximate solution to the original mathematical problem. Such idea has been around for a long time and in fact has been used in a number of different ways. A famous example of defect correction is the computation of a solution to the nonlinear equation f(x) = 0. Suppose x is an approximate solution, then −f (x) is the defect. One possible version of the original problem is to define f(x) ≡ f ′(x)(x− x)+ f(x) = 0. In fact, if one replaces x−x as v, then v is the correction which is obtained by solving f ′(x)v = −f (x) and an updated approximation can be obtained by evaluating x := x+v. Most defect correction are used in conjunction with discretisation methods and two-level multigrid methods [BS84]. This paper is not intended to give an overview of defect correction methods but to use the basic concept of a defect correction in conjunction with fluctuations in flow field variables for sound and noise retrieval. Recall that sound waves manifested as pressure fluctuations are typically several orders of magnitude smaller than the pressure variations in the flow field that account for flow acceleration. Furthermore, they propagate at the speed of sound in the medium, not as a transported fluid quantity. A decomposition of variables was first introduced in [DLP97] and has been further examined in [Dja98] to include three types of components. These components include (1) the mean flow, (2) flow perturbations or aerodynamic sources of sound, and (3) the acoustic perturbation. We have demonstrated the accurate computation of (1) and (2) in [DLP98]. Mathematically, the flow variable U may be written as ū+ u where ū denotes the mean flow and part of aerodynamic sources of sound and u denotes the remaining part of the aerodynamic sources of sound and the acoustic perturbation. While flow perturbation or aerodynamic sources of sound may be easier to recover, it is not true for the acoustic perturbation because of its comparatively small magnitude. In fact, the solutions of the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations reveal only a truncated part of the full physical quantities. This paper follows the basic principle of the defect correction as discussed above and applies the concept to the recovery of the propagating acoustic perturbation. The method relies on the use of a lower order partial differential equation defined on the same computational domain


N-glycosylation is one of the critical quality attributes for the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Characterization of N-glycans of monoclonal antibodies provides valuable information about its therapeutic efficacy. We present a non-invasive method of isolating N-glycans from Immunoglobulin G based antibodies for glycosylation analysis. The method consists of purification of antibodies from biological solution and release of N-glycans with peptide-N-glycosidase F in a single consolidated process using a mini affinity ligand column (e.g. protein-A column). The method is highly reproducible with average coefficient of variation of 0.012 in the glycoform percentage distributions between the replicates. The method provides quantification of the molar yield of glycans as a function of molar concentration of antibody in a single analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first time this approach was used to detect and quantify any macro-heterogeneity of N-glycosylation in monoclonal antibody samples. This fairly rapid and very cost-efficient method would be of great interest for academic labs and biopharmaceutical industries.


The vast development of modern technology has resulted in a great impact on the life of children today and extended to teenagers group. This research was conducted to identify the level of awareness of university students on cybercrime. For this research purpose, the respondents involved were among the students of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh campus. The total number of respondents that was targetted for this research was around 100 people. The instrument used was in quantitative form using questionnaire given to the respondents. The research outcome found that the level of university students' awareness towards cyber security is at moderate level. Therefore, many proactive steps need to be implemented by the stakeholders so that issues that are relevant to cybercrime can be reduced and later be rid of.


In the present work, an innovative nonlinear controller of nonholonomic mechanical systems, characterized by a dynamic not well known model a priori, using a new neural model obtained by the combination of a Petri net with a neural network is proposed. The performances of the control algorithm are evaluated for tasks of tracking of time trajectories. The study of the stability of the total system to closed loop is based on the Lyapunov theory. Simulation experiments, made taking into consideration a nonholonomic mobile robot to two wheels, allowed to verify the theoretical results


There is considerable concern about ecological recovery in wetlands that have been enriched with P; however, there are few long-term studies tracking the distribution of the soil P after the termination of P loading. The Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area in Florida contains areas with elevated soil P levels from historical loading. The local spatial variation of soil P was determined in a 750- by 150-m area proximal to the historic surface water inflow point and a second area of the same size located in the center of the marsh with no record of historical P impacts. The average soil total P was estimated at 847 mg kg ―1 in the P-enriched area and 643 mg kg ―1 in the marsh interior (unenriched). When compared with previously determined historical data, it was estimated that soil P has decreased in the P-enriched area by about 61%. Meanwhile, there was an increase of 82% in P within the unenriched area during this same time period. These results suggest that P has been mobilized from the impacted areas toward the unimpacted marsh along the water flow patterns in the wetland. These observations have implications for restoration of high-P wetland systems. Remobilization from P-impacted to unimpacted areas can expand the area of increased nutrients despite termination of P inputs into the marsh. If remobilization predominates over burial, then it is also unlikely that the overall nutrient status of the system will return to pre-impact levels within a reasonable management time frame (<25 yr).


The production scheduling of combined heat and power plants is a challenging task. The need for simultaneous production of heat and power in combination with the technical constraints results in a problem with high complexity. Furthermore, the operation in the electricity markets environment means that every decision is made with unknown electricity prices for the produced electric energy. In order to compensate the increased risk of operating under such uncertain conditions, tools like stochastic programming have been developed. In this paper, the short-term operation scheduling model of a CHP system in the day-ahead electricity market is mathematically described and solved. The problem is formulated in a stochastic programming framework where the uncertain parameters of day-ahead electricity prices and the heat demand are incorporated into the problem in the form of scenarios. A case study is also performed with a CHP system operating in a district heating network and the value of heat storage capacity is estimated.


CD80 and CD86 interact with CD28 and deliver costimulatory signals required for T cell activation. We demonstrate that ex vivo allergen stimulation of bronchial biopsy tissue from mild atopic asthmatic, but not atopic nonasthmatic, subjects induced production of IL-5, IL-4, and IL-13. Explants from both study groups did not produce IFN-gamma, but secreted the chemokine RANTES without any overt stimulation. In addition to allergen, stimulation of asthmatic explants with mAbs to CD3 and TCR-alphabeta but not TCR-gammadelta induced IL-5 secretion. Allergen-induced IL-5 and IL-13 production by the asthmatic tissue was inhibited by anti-CD80 and, to a lesser extent, by anti-CD86 mAbs. In contrast, the production of these cytokines by PBMCs was not affected by mAbs to CD80, was inhibited by anti-CD86, and was strongly attenuated in the presence of both Abs. FACS analysis revealed that stimulated asthmatic bronchial tissue was comprised of CD4+ T cells that expressed surface CD28 (75. 3%) but little CTLA-4 (4.0%). Neutralizing mAbs to CD40 ligand had no effect on the cytokine levels produced by asthmatic tissue or PBMCs. Collectively, these findings suggest that allergen-specific alphabeta T cells are resident in asthmatic bronchial tissue and demonstrate that costimulation by both CD80 and CD86 is essential for allergen-induced cytokine production. In contrast, CD86 appears to be the principal costimulatory molecule required in PBMC responses. Attenuation of type 2 alphabeta T cell responses in the bronchial mucosa by blocking these costimulatory molecules may be of therapeutic potential in asthma.


Purpose – the aim ok this paper is to develop a Holistic Electronic Government Services Integration Model which could ensure the efficient integration of electronic government services in the local self-government level. Methodology - the following analyses have been carried out in thirkpaper: theoretical-systematic; normative and conceptual comparative analysis of the researcha A method of modeling has also been applied. Finding – the scientific work analyzes the improvement opportunities of the models of electronic government services and their application alternatives in Lithuanian municipalities. The newly developed model of electronic government services that has been designed basng on the principle of integrating online expert consultation is primarily targeted at improvement of inside processes' changes of an organization. Practicing the application of that model in the local self-government level starting with improvement of inside processes of an organization should help adapt more accurately and efficiently to the changing needs of the society while providing electronic government services, thus establishing a higher public value. Practical implication – the practical novelty of work is reflected not only through the integration opportunities' assessment of the principle of online expert consultation services into the theoretical models of electronic government services that have already been developed by the scientists, but also on the basis of this principle there has been created a "Holistic Electronic Government Services Integration Model" in accordance with "E-Diamond" model basis and its practical application realization with the design of "The project of implementing the principle of online expert consultation on the model of electronic government services" for the future investigations. Originality – the systematic, comparative analysis of the models of electronic government services carried out in the scientific work and the assessment of opportunities of their application in the self-government level have hardly been analyzed which makes the topic a novelty. With the help of the method of comparative analysis the models of electronic government services have been assessed and there has been distinguished the total of six. Two of them being the main common models of electronic government services have the features that enable the development of new models of electronic government services that are more targeted at changes taking place in public needs and inside organizational processes signifying the originality.


The human erythroleukemia (K562) cells are considered as bipotent megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and the differentiation of these cells to megakaryocytes (MK) in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) mimics in vivo differentiation of MEP (megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor) cells in the bone marrow. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are involved in gene suppression and their roles during the MK differentiation remains largely undefined. In the present study, we have studied the expression levels of class I and class II HDACs during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation of K562 cells to MK. Class IIb HDACs (HDAC6 & HDAC10) were significantly up regulated time dependently upto 4 days of PMA-induced MK differentiation along with decreased acetylation levels of H3K9 and H3K56. Pharmacological inhibition and knockdown studies of HDAC6 using tubastatin A (TubA) and shRNA-HDAC6 respectively, during MK differentiation resulted in down regulation of MK lineage marker CD61 and up regulation of erythroid lineage gene glycophorin A (GYPA). HDAC6 over expression in K562 cells showed significant up regulation of CD61, MK transcription factors (FOG1 and GATA2) and down regulation of GYPA. ChIP-PCR studies showed enrichment of HDAC6 protein on GYPA promoter during differentiation indicating GYPA gene repression by HDAC6. Further studies on elucidating the role of HDAC6 in MK differentiation clearly indicated that HDAC6 is required for the production of sustainable levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important regulator of MK differentiation, via NOX4.- ROS-HDAC6 circuit. In this study, we provide the first evidence that during PMA-induced megakaryocyte differentiation of K562 cells, HDAC6 represses erythroid lineage marker gene, GYPA, and promotes the sustainable levels of ROS via NOX4 required for MK differentiation. Key points HDAC6 upregulated during MK differentiation is involved in sustainable production of ROS via the circuit - HDAC6-NOX4-ROS-HDAC6. HDAC6 inhibits erythroid lineage gene, GYPA, by forming a repressor complex over the promoter region.