A survey has been made of the mitotic activity of the reproductive system, the urinary system, the alimentary canal, various exocrine and endocrine glands, and other miscellaneous organs of the adult female mouse, both in relation to the normal oestrous cycle and to injections of oestrone. A similar survey has also been made of the mitotic activity associated with wound healing and with cancerous growth. Evidence is recorded which indicates that, in all these cases, mitosis is stimulated by oestrogenic hormones. In the ovary, the cells are highly resistant to the mitosis-stimulating effect of the oestrogen. Mitotic activity in this organ is induced mainly by the pools of follicular fluid which are particularly rich in oestrogenic hormone, and which stimulate the highest rate of division in any cells in direct contact with them. Thus, the follicular fluid causes the great mitotic activity associated with follicle growth, and after the follicle bursts, also induces the mitotic activity of the neighbouring germinal epithelium which it bathes. In the same way, some mitotic activity is stimulated in the developing corpus luteum before luteinization occurs. In the other body organs there exists the widest range of sensitivity to oestrogenic hormones. In the brain no mitotic activity was seen; in the kidney there was some activity at full oestrus or after many injections of oestrone; in the epidermis there was a considerable reaction; and some of the most sensitive tissues of the body proved to be the lining epithelia of the Müllerian duct system and the intestinal mucosa. The less active tissues responded slowly to oestrogen stimulation, while the more active tissues responded promptly and fully. The most active tissues examined proved to be the proliferating centres of the intestinal lymph nodules, which maintained a maximum rate of cell division even when, as on the first day of dioestrus, the oestrogen blood content was at a minimum. The results obtained indicate the existence of mitosis inhibitors. First, there is the force, termed the cell inertia, which must be overcome before any tissue can react by cell division to the presence of an oestrogen. In the case of less active tissues the cell inertia is great, and is overcome only after the oestrogen has exerted its influence for several days, but in the more active tissues the cell inertia, is slight, and is rapidly overcome by relatively small increases in the oestrogen blood content. The existence of a second mitosis inhibitor, termed the mitosis depressor, is shown by the fact that any sharp rise in mitotic activity is quickly brought under control, so that mitosis is again reduced to a minimum. With the continued presence of the stimulating oestrogen, there is, after a short interval, a second rise in mitotic activity which, like the first, is rapidly brought under control and in turn eliminated. Thus, even in the continued presence of oestrogen stimulation, mitotic activity proceeds in waves. However, an exception to the rule is furnished by the proliferating centres of the intestinal lymph nodules where it appears that both the mitosis-controlling forces are lacking, so that a maximum rate of cell division is always maintained. It was discovered that, during wound healing, the mitosis rate rises sharply to an abnormally high maximum, and that it does this quite irrespective of the oestrous cycle and of injections of oestrone. It is evident, therefore, that the mitotic activity associated with wound healing is under the control of some special mechanism, and evidence is summarized which indicates that one of the functions of wound hormones is the elimination of the two mitosis-regulating forces in tissues closely adjacent to the wound. Because of this, the local cells react immediately and in an abnormal degree to the stimulation of the oestrogenic hormones, even if these are present only in small concentrations. In cancerous growth it was found that great mitotic activity also proceeds without influence from the oestrous cycle or from injections of oestrone, and it is evident that in this case the two mitosis-regulating forces are permanently in abeyance, so that the maximum response to oestrogen stimulation is always possible. It is concluded that in the adult female mouse, and probably in other animals, there exist three types of substances influencing mitotic activity. First, there are the oestrogenic hormones which act as general mitosis stimulators; second, there are the mitosis-inhibiting forces of cell inertia and mitosis depression, which prevent the rate of cell division from becoming excessive and unregulated; and third, there are the wound hormones which, by weakening the mitosis-inhibiting forces, allow an abnormally high reaction to oestrogen stimulation and a consequent rapid production of new tissue to meet the emergency. This conclusion is discussed in relation to several biological problems, including ovarian function, pregnancy, embryonic growth, and cancer.


In this paper the authors aim to examine the effects on consumers using different strategies in a campaign within social marketing. A model by Evans et al (1996) has been used in order to see the different steps in which advertising catches the viewers' attention and eventually leads to action or purchasing. However, in the case of this thesis, the intention of the chosen campaign is to change the consumers' attitudes and behavior towards alcohol. Two communication strategies made by IQ, a subsidiary to Systembolaget, have been studied – the video commercial "Hur dricker du?" and the interactive Internet based test "Alkoholprofilen". They represent an emotional and a rational way of communicating (Dahlqvist & Linde, 2009). An experimental study has been made using three different groups of respondents between 18 and 25 years of age, each group containing 20 people. One group was shown the video commercial, one got to conduct the test and the third group went through both these procedures. Within the groups, a distinction was made between people who drink more and unhealthier than the others. The conclusion was that the people who had a higher consumption of alcohol, also were more effected both by the commercial and by the test. The test had a higher impact on the consumers than the commercial, especially among the respondents with a higher consumption. The reason for this could be that the level of involvement from the consumer's side is higher for the test than for the video commercial.


he objectives of this study were to identify the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients undergoing radiotherapy for malignant neoplasia of the cervix; describe the main cytological changes induced by radiation during post-radiotherapy follow-up; verify the incidence of locoregional recurrence, according to the cytopathological diagnosis and identify the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients followed in the study. The methodological design had a descriptive approach with a quantitative nature and longitudinal character, whose population was composed of 407 patients with cervical cancer who underwent radiotherapy and were followed up for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 7 years. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables and associated risk factors were evaluated; categorical variables (cytopathological) and dependent variables for the outcome of locoregional recurrence, death and disease-free survival. The epidemiological profile of the study population revealed a mean age of 51 years, with an age range primarily from 41 to 50 years, with risk factors associated with smoking being present in 32% of patients. The percentage of alcoholics was just 5.5%. Regarding the number of sexual partners, the average was 4 partners throughout life. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type (84%). Regarding clinical staging, 2B (42.9%) and 3B (33.7%) were predominant. Of the exams with satisfactory quality for analysis, more than half (64.9%) showed actinic effects. The incidence of locoregional recurrence, according to the cytopathological diagnosis, was 11.8%, of which almost half (47.9%) died. The analysis of locoregional recurrence that impacts disease-free survival was 69.5%. The overall survival found in the analyzed population was 75.7%. The difficulties related to actinic (radiotherapy) effects show the importance of the experience of professionals involved in the analysis of irradiated cells and reflection on the subjectivity of the method. Observing these changes is useful for evaluating the impact of actions taken during the period and planning future actions.


Abstract.
 Borings in fossil turtle shells collected from the lowermost beds of the early Eocene Cathedral Bluffs Tongue of the Wasatch Formation in the northwestern part of the Green River Basin near South Pass, Wyoming, are herein described. Individual turtle shells in the study area are characterized by as few as one or two and as many as >100 borings. The borings include both non-penetrative forms (those which do not pass fully though the shell) as well as penetrative forms (those which pass fully from the exterior to the interior surface of the shell). All non-penetrative forms occur on external surfaces of the carapace and plastron (i.e. those that would have been accessible while the host taxon was alive). Two new ichnogenera and four new ichnospecies are established to describe these borings. Karethraichnus (new ichnogenus) includes three ichnospecies: K. lakkos (new ichnospecies), K. kulindros (new ichnospecies), and K. fiale (new ichnospecies). Karethraichnus lakkos are shallow (non-penetrating), hemispherical pits with rounded, to flattened bases. Karethraichnus kulindros are deep, non-penetrative traces with a cylindrical profile, an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface and with rounded to flattened, hemispherical termini. Karethraichnus fiale are penetrative traces with a cylindrical to bi-convex or flask-shaped profile, and an axis approximately perpendicular to the substrate surface. Thatchtelithichnus (new ichnogenus) Thatchtelithichnus holmani (new ichnospecies) consist of non-penetrative borings into a bone substrate. They consist of a ring-shaped trace, with a central pedestal or platform. The position of the borings on the shells, and evidence of syn-emplacement healing of the borings in several of the turtles, indicates that these borings were emplacement by ectoparasites/mesoparasites while the animals were living. Similar traces in modern emydid turtles are attributed to ticks, leeches, or spirorchid liver flukes.


The study is aimed at studying the impact of family upbringing and the status of adolescents in the group of their coevals on their aggressiveness. Methods. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the development of aggression in adolescents is significantly influenced by such factors as the status of the teenager in his coeval group and the type of family upbringing. The empirical part of the study included three stages: preparatory, diagnostic, analysis and interpretation of the data. These stages of the study are aimed at determining the level of adolescents' aggression, identifying violations in family upbringing and determining the status of adolescents in the coeval group. The results of the study. As a result, 82.1% (23 parents) experienced violations in family upbringing, destructive and mixed types of family interaction can be observed. Children of these parents are characterized by high and medium levels of aggressiveness. Also, the highest level of aggressiveness is observed in adolescents with sociometric statuses as «Stars», «Rejected» and «Disowned». The analysis of the correlation analysis results showed a high correlation between the manifestation of aggression in adolescents and such types of violations in family upbringing as excessive sanctions, underdevelopment of parental feelings and bringing conflict into the sphere of upbringing. Also, the analysis of the results showed the presence of a high relationship between the manifestation of aggression in adolescents and such status groups as «Stars» and «Preferred». Discussion. As a result, the assumption that there is a relationship between the type of family upbringing, sociometric status in the group of their coevals and aggression of adolescents was confirmed. It can be said that the style of family upbringing of adolescents and sociometric status in a group of coevals creates a number of prerequisites for the manifestation, development and consolidation of aggressiveness as a personality trait.


We report the synthesis of two fluoride bridged cobalt(ii) dimers - [Co(μ-F)(pnN4-PhCl)2(OH2)(MeCN)](BF4)3 (1) and [Co(μ-F)2(pnN4-PhCl)2](BF4)2 (2) - and related complexes derived from propyl-bridged N4 Schiff base plus pyridine ligands. Notably, the bridging fluoride ion(s) emanate from B-F abstraction processes on the BF4 anions in the starting salt, [Co(H2O)6](BF4)2. Two types of bridging motifs are generated - mono-bridged (μ-F) or di-bridged (μ-F)2- synthetically differentiated by the absence or presence of pyridine, respectively, during metalation. The synergistic roles of pyridine and the (ClPh)N4 ligand in promoting B-F abstraction were clarified by the isolation and crystallization of the simple tetrakis-pyridine monomeric complex [Co(py)4(MeCN)2](BF4)2 (4) [no B-F abstraction]; subsequent addition of the (ClPh)N4 ligand to 4 resulted in formation of the dimeric, di-bridged complex 2. Omission of pyridine during metalation resulted in formation of the mono-bridged dimer 1. The bulky chlorophenyl substituents were obligate for B-F abstraction, as metalation of the unsubstituted N4 ligand resulted in the non-fluoride-bridged dimer, [Co(pnN4)3](BF4)4 (3). In magnetic studies, complexes 1 (μeff = 6.24μB, 298 K) and 2 (μeff = 7.70μB, 298 K) both exhibit antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling, but to different extents. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements (SQUID, 2 → 300 K) reveal that the linearity of the mono-fluoride bridge in 1 [∠Co-F-Co = 159.47(11)°] results in very strong AFM coupling (J = -14.9 cm(-1)). In contrast, the more acute Co2F2 diamond core [∠Co-F-Co = 98.8(2)°, 99.1(2)°] results in a smaller extent of AFM coupling (J = -2.97 cm(-1)). Overall, the results indicate the 'non-innocence' of the BF4 counterion in cobalt(ii) chemistry, and dimers 1 and 2 affirm the effect of the geometry of the bridging fluoride ion(s) in determining the extent of AFM coupling.


Despite recent growing research interest on ERP research, the understanding on ERP induced exhaustion is still limited. This study examines how the pace of change of ERP functionalities and interface causes exhaustion in workplace. For this purpose, we conducted an investigation on 128 ERP users from two different organizations in Bangladesh. We extended theory of technostress by integrating pace of change of ERP system. Result suggests that pace of change on ERP system significantly affect work-overload, work-life conflict and role ambiguity on ERP users. Result also shows that work-overload and role ambiguity are strong predictors for ERP induced exhaustion.


The paper presents arguments for treating language as a tool for cognition and communications. It articulates an opposite view to the one which considers language as an independent module shaping cognition and thinking. According to the conception of the socially – based cognition the mind is a controller of the adaptive behavior, and communication is a strategic action to which language is subjected. The model of the linguistic categories arranges words according to the level of their abstraction; and a number of research results presented in the paper indicate that there is a relationship between the level of abstraction of the words used and the inference related to events, emotions and memory. Recognizing language as a tool for cognition and communication leads to the acceptance of the necessity to widen the language awareness. This kind of thinking is supported by the presented results of research on the relationship between linguistic categories and the stereotypes, communication of the interpersonal distance and the process of asking questions and giving answers.


A recently published study in Clinical Endocrinology discusses the differences between male and female patients with sporadic differentiated thyroid cancers. On a retrospective analysis of data from 587 papillary and 232 follicular cases, Machens et al. found advanced tumour stages significantly more often in male patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). The authors infer that male patients with PTC would have a higher risk of local tumour persistence and recurrence because of frequent lymph node metastases. They conclude that male sex is a significant factor predictive of cancer-specific death and suggest that it would constitute an ominous prognostic marker of advanced thyroid cancer. Unfortunately, Machens et al. do not present follow-up data. In addition, the inclusion of medullary thyroid cancer patients, a type of cancer that is very different from well-differentiated thyroid cancer in terms of aetiology, behaviour and outcome and correspond to an unusually very high percentage of the studied population, considerably weaken these conclusions. Also, the fact that this cross-sectional study includes re-operated patients and that 15·9% of them were not submitted to central lymph node dissection are important confounders impairing the understanding of the impact of gender in the initial extent of the disease and its outcome. In our institution, well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients are submitted routinely to total thyroidectomy with central lymph node compartment dissection and postoperative radioiodine ablation. In a cohort of 172 patients, prospectively followed up for 12– 352 months (mean ± SD, 32 ± 59 months), we also have a large predominance of females: 80% of the sporadic PTC and 89% of the follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) cases. Six patients died during our follow-up. The age of our patients is very similar to that reported by Machens et al. (44 ± 14 and 49 ± 18 years old for PTC and FTC, respectively), and there are no significant differences concerning gender and histopathology. We detected lymph node metastases in 29% of our PTC patients and 9% of the FTC patients by the time of the initial diagnosis with similar distribution in men and women. The female : male ratio was 16 : 4 and 2 : 1 in patients with lymph node metastases of PTC and FTC, respectively (P = 0·9, Fisher exact test). Confirming a previous report, our data suggest that lymph node metastases have little or no influence, either in PTC or in FTC carcinomas, on patients' prognoses. Disease-free rates were similar on univariate analysis in patients with papillary and with follicular carcinomas, with and without neck node metastases (P = 0·19 and P = 0·08 for PTC and FTC, respectively). Multivariate analysis for disease-free survival and overall survival rates also failed to demonstrate that the presence of initial neck node involvement could influence the outcome of patients' well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, we recognize that the log rank value for FTC patients with lymph nodes was only marginally nonsignificant (P = 0·0570) and that this group do have more men with lymph nodes metastases. In agreement with Machens et al. we also found sex (P = 0·027), age (P = 0·002), and the presence of distant metastases (P = 0·000) to be important prognostic factors on Cox univariate analysis, while multivariate analysis identified only histology and initial distant metastases to influence mortality. The presence of distant metastases by the time of the diagnosis increased the odds for a lower diseasefree rate: 8·366 times for PTC and 7·373 times for FTC patients. Hence, we believe that the presence of distant metastases may be responsible for men's worse prognosis. On the other hand, we strongly agree with Machens et al. on the influence of sex on the manifestation of sporadic thyroid cancer. Indeed, examining thyroid glands from 166 consecutive autopsies and 261 thyroids that were surgically resected for benign thyroid diseases, we found 32 papillary microcarcinomas, corresponding to 7·8% of autopsies and 7·2% of surgical material, with a higher incidence between 30 and 49 years of age. Both genders were similarly affected: 9·3% of the men and 8·8% of the women in autopsy series, and 6·2% of the men and 7·3% of the women in surgical series. The disparity between the reported cancer incidence and the male : female ratio in Brazil (0·3% of the men and 1% of the women) suggest that hormonal factors may favour the subsequent development of clinical lesions in women.


We propose an inverse strategy for modeling thin elastic shells physically, just from the observation of their geometry. Our algorithm takes as input an arbitrary target mesh, and interprets this configuration automatically as a stable equilibrium of a shell simulator under gravity and frictional contact constraints with a given external object. Unknowns are the natural shape of the shell (i.e., its shape without external forces) and the frictional contact forces at play, while the material properties (mass density, stiffness, friction coefficients) can be freely chosen by the user. Such an inverse problem formulates as an ill-posed nonlinear system subject to conical constraints. To select and compute a plausible solution, our inverse solver proceeds in two steps. In a first step, contacts are reduced to frictionless bilateral constraints and a natural shape is retrieved using the adjoint method. The second step uses this result as an initial guess and adjusts each bilateral force so that it projects onto the admissible Coulomb friction cone, while preserving global equilibrium. To better guide minimization towards the target, these two steps are applied iteratively using a degressive regularization of the shell energy. We validate our approach on simulated examples with reference material parameters, and show that our method still converges well for material parameters lying within a reasonable range around the reference, and even in the case of arbitrary meshes that are not issued from a simulation. We finally demonstrate practical inversion results on complex shell geometries freely modeled by an artist or automatically captured from real objects, such as posed garments or soft accessories.


Abstract. Establishing world-class universities and first-class disciplines is an important measure to improve the comprehensive strength and international competitiveness of Chinese higher education. Foreign secretary in higher education, as the main implementer of international image maker and the spread of internationalization, plays an important role. The paper analyzes the location process of foreign secretary under the flat management mode and makes a proposal that we could define the role from service-oriented clerical secretary as think-tank assistant secretary with intercultural communicative ability through the feedback role stress and regulation of the role conflict. The quality and ability of a successful foreign secretary with new role localization are also pointed out and discussed.


The bladelike shape of the large quartz diorite dike at Cascade Pass, Washington, and its trend, which is normal to regional metamorphic structures and folds, suggest emplacement by forceful intrusion along an ac fracture. Lit-par-lit structures and contact breccias along the margins indicate some sloping. K feldspar of possible deuteric origin is present in the main phase of the dike but is rare or absent in the chilled margins, suggesting that chilling prevented its formation. However, K feldspar is concentrated marginally in the top of the dike adjacent to an explosion breccia. K metasomatism of the hornfelsed schist fragments of the breccia suggests that the breccia formed during the deuteric stage in the cooling of the pluton. Hornfels occurs at the contact of the pluton, but farther away only small glomeroblastic patches of actinolitic hornblende and/or biotite superimposed on a schistose fabric show the thermal metamorphism. This outer portion of the contact aureole widens considerably in a deep valley, suggesting that the dike widens with depth.


An experiment to search for short-period intensity oscillations in the solar corona was conducted during the total solar eclipse of August 11, 1999 in Esfahan, Iran. The intensity in the continuum, centered about 4700 A and with a passband having a half-width of 190 A, was recorded at a counting rate of 5 Hz using six low-noise Hamamatsu R647 photomultiplier tubes. We recorded intensity values from 6 different regions on the image of the solar corona from 1.2 Rto 1.5 R�. The power spectrum analysis of all channels, except for a channel that failed to receive any coronal light, shows excess power in the frequency range 0.02-0.2 Hz. The results of analyzing all channels demonstrate various waves with some degree of coherence and amplitudes from 0.3 to 0.7 percent of the mean coronal brightness. There are some similarities between waves in various channels and it may show that these waves exist in a large region of the corona, of the order of a few hundred thousand kilometers, much larger than the fiber optic diaphragms. The energy flux of each wave was calculated by assuming them as the slow or fast mode waves for the active and quiet regions of the solar corona. The energy flux of the fast mode waves in the active regions is comparable with the required energy flux for heating up the solar corona. The intensity oscillations observed in this experiment are similar to those detected during the 1995 and 1997 eclipses.


Objective: To determine the frequency of incidental carcinoma in a multinodular goiter (MNG) considered as benign preoperatively.
Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in Mercy Teaching Hospital, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan from February 2011 to March 2013. We included in this study those cases, which were preoperatively considered as a benign MNG and excluded those with obvious features of malignancy or proved to be malignant on FNAC.
Results: Among 105 cases, there were 6 cases (5.7%) of incidental carcinoma and all of them were differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. Out of these 6 cases, 4 (66.6%) were papillary carcinoma and two (33.3%) was follicular carcinoma.
Conclusion: The frequency of incidental thyroid carcinoma is high among the patients of
MNG although it is difficult to correctly diagnosed them preoperatively with available diagnostic
tools like FNAC. Therefore, we suggest that all cases of MNG should be treated by
total or near total thyroidectomy to have a good out-come.


When beginning to learn to read or to spell, children relying on the spoken language they already know, would have to learn only a limited set of correspondences between orthographic and phonological units instead of memorizing an unlimited number of sight words. Thus, whatever the language, phonological processing might be the core of reading and spelling acquisition. However, this acquisition may also depend on specific characteristics of each language. Particularly, the weight of the phonological processing may depend on the degree to which a written system represents the spoken language it encodes. To assess these hypotheses, after a presentation of the main linguistic specificities of four alphabetic written languages (English, French, German and Spanish), we reviewed the psycholinguistic literature. The studies in which were examined reading and spelling skills of young Spanish, German, and French children indicate a strong and early reliance on phonological processing, both in reading and in spelling. They also suggest that the orthographic lexicon is progressively set-up in reading and - but to a lesser extent - in spelling. It is also clearly shown that it is less difficult to learn to read and spell in shallow orthographies than in deeper ones, i.e. in Spanish, German and French compared to English, or in Spanish compared to French. Finally, the phonological reading processing units seem to depend on the phonological structure of each language. A tentative explanation of these results is given.


In this paper we present analysis and a novel algorithm to estimate depth from a single image captured by a coded aperture camera. This is a challenging problem which requires new tools and investigations, compared with multi-view reconstruction. Unlike previous approaches, which need to recover both sharp image and depth, we consider directly estimating only depth, whilst still accounting for the statistics of the sharp image. The problem is formulated in a Bayesian framework, which enables us to reduce the estimation of the original sharp image to the local space-varying statistics of the texture. This yields an algorithm that can be solved via graph cuts (without user interaction). Performance and results on both synthetic and real data are reported and compared with previous methods.


Policy analysis is closely related to the political system with the content of communication and the use of knowledge relevant to the policy is central to the practice and theory of policy analysis. Only when knowledge of the kebiajakn-making process is communicated within the process can policy actors use such knowledge to improve public policy.The methodology of policy analysis is the standard system, the rules and procedures for creating, critically appraising, and communicating knowledge relevant to the policy. The methodology of policy analysis has several key characteristics: high attention to the formulation and problem solving, commitment to a descriptive and value-critical assessment and the desire to improve the efficiency of choice among a number of policy alternatives. This paper describes the nature and history of public Islamic education policy where the Ministry of Religious Affairs RI as the policy holder and UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta as implementer or implicated from the policy. Starting from the preparation of the agenda, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation and policy assessment. Based on interviews and documentation conducted by the author. Especially want to answer the question of why every ministry has an educational institution, whereas there is already a national education ministry that regulates education in Indonesia, so there is a presumption that the existence of distrust with the ministry of national education as education providers


We report a case of primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma that occurred in a 25-year-old woman. The patient complained of a mass in the right ovary discerned by physical examination 2 months prior. Ultrasound examination indicated that the right ovary was enlarged and abundant blood flow signals were observed. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was subsequently performed. Histology was characterized by diffuse sheets of monotonous medium-sized lymphoid cells with plentiful mitotic figures and apoptosis. Numerous tingible-body macrophages were found in the ovarian tissue, presenting a starry sky pattern. The tumor cells expressed CD20, CD10, BCL6 and MYC in the absence of BCL2. Ki-67 proliferative index was very high with a proliferation rate of near 100%. MYC (8q24) rearrangement was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with no BCL2 (18q21) and BCL6 (3q37) gene rearrangements. Cumulative evidence established primary ovarian Burkitt lymphoma as the final histopathologic diagnosis with clinical stage I (FIGO). The patient received HyperCVAD chemotherapy after surgery and remained complete response (CR) for 18 months. We aim to provide insight into the future treatment of this rare but lethal disease.


The investigation was conducted to determine the persistence of maternally derived antibody as well as its influence on vaccination programme against fowl pox infection. A total of 60-day-old chicks divided into four groups such as A, B, C, D. Chicks of Group A and B were used for the detection of persistence of maternally derived antibody which are originated from fowl pox virus-vaccinated and non-vaccinated parent stock respectively. For the detection of antibody level after vaccination with live fowl pox and pigeon pox virus vaccine following two vaccination schedules, chicks of group C and D were subdivided into group C 1 , C 2 and D 1 , D 2 originating from fowl pox virus vaccinated and non-vaccinated parent stock. It is found that maternally derived antibody passed over from the parents to progeny chicks and remains protective level for the chick of group A until day 4 of age and the chicks of group B which are originated from non-vaccinated parent stock remains protective level only at day 1. Chicks of subgroup C 2 and D 2 produce higher antibody titre, which were boosted at 15 days interval. Frequent out breaks of fowl pox infection in chicks of Bangladesh either from fowl pox virus-vaccinated and non-vaccinated origin may be avoided by vaccination with pigeon pox virus vaccine at day 5 followed by a secondary vaccination with fowl pox virus vaccine at day 21. Keywords: Maternally-derived antibody (MDA); Chicks; Fowl pox (FP); Fowl pox virus (FPV) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4858 Bangladesh J Microbiol , Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 57-59


More and more companies use ERP systems to handle the organization's information flow. The advantage is among other things, a superior visibility that will enable the management to make better strategic decisions. One of the problems with ERP systems is that they are complex to implement. Many implementation projects go over budget or break the time schedule. To try to handle the implementation as smooth as possible it is important to have a good methodology on how to implement the system. Intentia is an ERP vendor that sells their solution called Movex. Their Implementation model is called Implex. In this study Implex is compared to four other ERP models to determine if Implex has any resemblance with them. It turned out that depending on which perspective you have you get two different answers, if compared strictly by the stages involved, the PPM model best resemble Implex. Should one compare the activities that go on in the models, the answer is that Bancroft's, model is more alike Implex. The second answer is more correct because it should be what happens during the phases that counts, not what phase it is. The paper also relates some problems Intentia encountered during implementation to some Critical Success Factors for ERP.


Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and one of the world's rapidly growing megacities, is an urban hotspot for climate risks. Preparing for the unfolding impacts of climate-related changes – socio demographic, environmental, economic, and political - is a daunting task. It requires that Dhaka's policymakers, like those in other megacities of South Asia's low-lying deltas, understand how climate change is anticipated to affect natural hazards that lead to flooding in the cities. This study's overall aim is to provide local decision-makers an effective planning approach for minimizing the damage risk of rainfall-induced urban flooding in Dhaka in a changing climate. Specific objectives are to assess the vulnerability of the Greater Dhaka area to urban flooding and waterlogging, estimate probable economic damage due to climate change, develop structural adaptation measures, evaluate the reduction in economic damage resulting from implementing these measures, and estimate their cost. The study comprises four main activities: (a) hydrological modeling and development of adaptation measures, (b) spatial ranking of flood vulnerability, (c) evaluating expected damage from flooding, and (d) estimating adaptation costs. This book is divided into two major parts: study methods (part 1) and results (part 2). Part one is organized into four chapters. Chapter two presents the conceptual framework for the hydrological modeling study and the method and processes used to model future scenarios. Chapter three presents the seven model setups for the detailed study area. Chapter four describes the method used to assess the modeled areas' relative vulnerability to urban flooding, while chapter five explains the method used to estimate their economic damage. Part two, also organized into four chapters. Chapter six provides the study results for each of the seven modeled areas, while chapter seven summarizes the overall study results for Dhaka city. Chapter eight turns to the secondary flood-mitigation measures that can complement the recommended conveyance-centric solutions. Chapter nine suggests a way forward.


Abstract Hamiltonian matrix elements for the large-amplitude vibrational and rotational problem in methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) are derived by using the generalized IAM-like method developed by Hougen and Coudert. Torsional-wagging-rotational energy differences (216) taken from far-infrared spectral data were analyzed using the Hamiltonian matrix derived to obtain axis-switching angles for the two dominant torsional-wagging tunneling processes.


Novel green composites were prepared by melt compounding a binary blend of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) at 4/1 (wt/wt) with particles of walnut shell flour (WSF) in the 10–40 wt % range, which were obtained as a waste from the agro-food industry. Maleinized linseed oil (MLO) was added at 5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of composite to counteract the intrinsically low compatibility between the biopolymer blend matrix and the lignocellulosic fillers. Although the incorporation of WSF tended to reduce the mechanical strength and thermal stability of PLA/PCL, the MLO-containing composites filled with up to 20 wt % WSF showed superior ductility and a more balanced thermomechanical response. The morphological analysis revealed that the performance improvement attained was related to a plasticization phenomenon of the biopolymer blend and, more interestingly, to an enhancement of the interfacial adhesion of the green composites achieved by extrusion with the multi-functionalized vegetable oil.


Intrusions on computer network systems are major security issues these days. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to prevent such intrusions. The prevention of such intrusions is entirely dependent on their detection that is a main part of any security tool. A variety of intrusion detection approaches are available but the main problem is their performance, which can be enhanced by increasing the detection rates and reducing false positives. PCA has been employed to transform raw features into principal features space and select the features based on their sensitivity. This research applied a GA to search the principal feature space that offers a subset of features with optimal sensitivity. Based on the selected features, the classification is performed. The SVM and MLP are used for classification. This research work uses the KDD dataset. The performance of this approach was analyzed and compared with existing approaches. The results show that proposed method provides an optimal intrusion detection mechanism that outperforms the existing approaches and has the capability to minimize the number of features and maximize the detection rates.


Recently, a new antimesenteric, functional, end-to-end, hand-sewn ileocolic anastomosis (Kono-S) has shown a significant reduction in endoscopic recurrence (ER) and surgical recurrence (SR) rate in Crohn's disease (CD). This trial aimed to provide randomized controlled data comparing Kono-S anastomosis and conventional stapled ileocolic side-to-side anastomosis.

 Randomized controlled trial (RCT) at a tertiary referral centre. The primary endpoint is ER rate (Rutgeerts score ≥ i2) after 6 months and surgical recurrence at 60 months. Secondary endpoints are clinical recurrence (CR) rate after 24 and 36 months, and SR after 24 and 36 months. Statistics was performed by using standard analyses. Furthermore, a sample size able to consent the detection of a reduction >30% in total endoscopic recurrence (when assuming a 60% to 65% ER expected rate in the control group and a 30% in the case group) was calculated; to allow a 10% drop-out of patients, 36 patients per group were needed (72 patients in the entire population).

 A total of 119 CD patients were included in the study. In all, 51 ileocolic CD patients were randomized in the Kono group and 68 in the conventional side-to-side group.
 At 6 months, 17 (33.3%) patients in the Kono group and 51 (75%) patients in the conventional group presented an ER (Rutgeerts score≥i2) at colonoscopy (p<0.001). A severe post-operative ER (Rutgeerts score≥i3) was found in 8 (15.7%) patients in the Kono group versus 23 (33.8%) patients in the conventional group (p=0.03).
 At 24 months, CR rate was 19.6% in the Kono group versus 30.9% in the conventional group (p=0.2), while SR rate was 0% in the Kono group versus 4.4% (3 patients) in the standard group (p=0.2).
 At 36 months, CR rate was 19.6% in the Kono-s group versus 33.8% in the conventional group (p=0.1). At 36 months, no patients (0%) in the Kono group experienced SR, while 6 patients (8.8%) in the conventional group did (p=0.03).
 Furthermore, when considering a median follow-up of 54 (42-60) months at interim analysis of SR, the difference between the two groups was confirmed to be significant (0% vs 8.8%; p=0.02).

 This is the first RCT comparing Kono-S anastomosis and conventional side-to-side anastomosis in CD. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in postoperative endoscopic and surgical recurrence rates, no safety issues, and a favourable trend for lower clinical recurrence rate in patients who underwent Kono-S anastomosis compared to the conventional side-to-side anastomosis.


Background: Clinical reasoning is one of the most important competencies that a physician should achieve. Many medical schools and licensing bodies try to predict it based on some general measures such as critical thinking, personality, and emotional intelligence. This study aimed at providing a model to design the relationship between the constructs. Materials and Methods: Sixty-nine medical students participated in this study. A battery test devised that consist four parts: Clinical reasoning measures, personality NEO inventory, Bar-On EQ inventory, and California critical thinking questionnaire. All participants completed the tests. Correlation and multiple regression analysis consumed for data analysis. Results: There is low to moderate correlations between clinical reasoning and other variables. Emotional intelligence is the only variable that contributes clinical reasoning construct (r=0.17-0.34) (R2 chnage = 0.46, P Value = 0.000). Conclusion: Although, clinical reasoning can be considered as a kind of thinking, no significant correlation detected between it and other constructs. Emotional intelligence (and its subscales) is the only variable that can be used for clinical reasoning prediction.


There have been significant research efforts toward clarifying the stability of power control algorithms in wireless networks, but prior work on this topic has a key limitation, i.e., the finite-capacity nature of realistic feedback channels has not been taken considered. Under such a background, this technical note analyzes the stability of a general class of power control algorithms with single-step feedback, which implies that the feedback channel can only convey a single-step command by just using 1 bit at each time step. We first construct the system model that is generalized from a widely used power control scheme in many practical cellular networks. This system model can specify the power update behavior for a class of power control algorithms that satisfy certain properties by formulating a generalized interference function from the interference terms of these power control algorithms. We then develop an analytical framework, which shows that the considered system is uniformly asymptotically stable if proper conditions are satisfied. This framework is able to tackle the interference function with time-varying delay. Moreover, we propose parametric adaptive procedures of power control, which can adjust their parameters on demand.


Experimental results of a large scanning grating with a diameter of 5mm and 1 kHz scan frequency are discussed. An optical diffraction grating is fabricated on a mirror single crystal silicon plate to scan the first diffraction order in the MIR-wavelength range over a quantum cascade laser facet. Special emphasis is on the development of the grating technology module to integrate it with high accuracy and reproducibility into the IPMS AME75 process flow. The principle EC-QCL setup with the scanning grating is described and first measurement results concerning laser output power and tuning range are presented.


With deference to Isaac Asimov's The Foundation, which is the inspiration for this series, we briefly describe the "present history" of medical informatics (the application of information technology in medicine) in geriatrics, and then project a "future history" of this same endeavor. The older patient often has multiple acute and chronic problems that require management by a variety of medical professionals in a variety of settings. Proper care necessitates efficient gathering, integration, and management of information by each professional in each setting. As medical informatics evolves, we project that barriers to information exchange (both between providers and between providers and patients) will continue to decrease while the quality and relevance of exchanged information will continue to increase. The nexus of care will be the electronic medical record (EMR), which will shed its current paper chart metaphor and adopt an industrial process metaphor based on tasks and tolerances or goals. The multidisciplinary management of geriatric patients will strike a new balance: doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, family, and patients will all participate in the management of the patient's care. The EMR will coordinate data from a variety of novel sources, including wearable sensors monitoring physiologic parameters, falls, diet, ambulation, and medication compliance. The highly organized data in the EMR will allow explicit decision support for computer-facilitated, evidence-based care; will empower midlevel providers and patients with an increased role in the care plan; and will promote the realignment of care from hospitals/clinics to the patient's home.


We investigate the competition between superconductivity and ferromagnetism in chaotic ultrasmall metallic grains in a regime where both phases can coexist. We use an effective Hamiltonian that combines a BCS-like pairing term and a ferromagnetic Stoner-like spin exchange term. We study the transport properties of the grain in the Coulomb-blockade regime and identify signatures of the coexistence of pairing and exchange correlations in the mesoscopic fluctuations of the conductance peak spacings and peak heights.


M. L., a girl, was first seen two years ago, aged 3 years. She was of normal birth and was breast fed for one year. There were three other children, all of whom were normal. The past history of the patient was unimportant, there were no previous illnesses. The child was brought in because the teeth were badly decayed and the mouth constantly dry. The mother said that when nursing, the milk would collect around the inside of the lips and cheeks and become dry. She would always have to wash it off with wet cotton before the next nursing. The tongue and mouth always seemed dry. The condition of the mouth on examination was then as follows: The teeth were discolored, the gums retracted around the teeth, so that they seemed to be stuck in the jaws at irregular angles. The child ate well, but had to take drinks


In the United Kingdom the evacuation of cities has not been a recent concern although incidents such as floods or acts of terrorism have meant that cities have had to be partially evacuated. Whether the area to be evacuated is a city district, a whole city or even a city region the way in which people behave and how they choose to share and receive information is paramount. In the pre and warning stages of an evacuation people will behave in different ways. Some individuals might have access to rumours that a crisis is about to occur (we call these weak signals) and start evacuating before the official order to do so. Others might have no access to information, may decide to act only when others do, or even ignore official warnings and remain in their homes (as was the case with Hurricane Katrina). During the evacuation there will also be communication between the authorities and emergency services and even between evacuees who might communicate through mobile telephones or social networks (such as twitter). Even at the end of the evacuation individuals will be making decisions about what to do (to stay in the evacuation zone or return to the city) and will stay in touch with others. In this project we consider that the ways in which individuals might behave in evacuations can be described using mathematical models and theories. One way of describing how people act as a collective is through agent based models, where individuals influence others information and behaviour, and another is game theory, where individual's decisions are strategic. By combining these we can predict how individuals might behave in an evacuation and determine the ways in which the emergency services and local responders might influence social networks and communication to help individuals and businesses evacuate safely and effectively. Of course, we anticipate that individuals might have access to new technologies in terms of communication so part of the project will look at how this may change the dynamics of evacuation.The project is informed throughout by current practice and will inform policy. Three cities (London, Birmingham and Carlisle) are chosen as case studies of how real evacuations might be assisted by the project. We will look at the evacuation plans in each of these cities, conduct focus groups and expert interviews with relevant parties, and analyse the use of social networks in actual evacuation or crisis events. Stakeholder groups will comment on the models which we produce and feedback as to how they can be adapted to work in practice.The results of the project will feed into how real evacuations work and inform the strategies and technologies used. We will produce both an interim and final report from the project and our impact plan will make sure that relevant parties are informed about the project and its results. One example of how the project might be useful is in terms of informing emergency planners and services in cities. If these planners know how social networks and mobile communications are used in an evacuation then they can tailor their messages accordingly. If, for example, there are two roads out of a city and analysis of social networks and traffic flow shows that individuals are intending to use the first road which would cause congestion then they can decide what sort of message would best direct people towards the second road, how long it would take to propagate and what effect it might have. In another example, road signs do not often give real time information about what is happening, which might be crucial during an evacuation. By using electronic and ambient signage not only can a message be sent but the effect of the message can be judged.


In this video interview, recorded at the University of Edinburgh on 31 st May 2012, Dr Shapan Adnan, from the University of Oxford, explains how the complex processes of forced migration and land alienation transformed a polyethnic society subject to the imperatives of an assimilating nation-state, controlled by a dominant majority group. The case study of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh - a remote and forested highland area along the country's international border with India and Burma, inhabited by 'tribal' or indigenous peoples. Since the mid-twentieth century, the region has been subject to massive disruptions through large-scale submergence by a hydroelectricity project, counter-insurgency warfare against 'tribal' rebels, forced migration, and grabbing of indigenous lands by the state, settlers and commercial interest groups. Even though a peace agreement was signed in 1997 between the state and the rebel forces, most of its substantive clauses, including restitution of illegally alienated lands, have not yet been implemented by the government. Paradoxically, instead of the 'dividends of peace', the disbanding of rebel forces has inadvertently served to facilitate continuing in-migration of settlers from the plains and intensification of land seizures. Shifts in ethnic composition includes processes of forced eviction of indigenous peoples and resultant flows of international refugees and internally displaced persons, as well as state-sponsored transmigration and self-propelled in-migration of settlers. Such complex population displacements and transfers have resulted in drastic transformation of the socio-demographic structure of the CHT, reflected in striking changes in the composition of the population by ethnicity and religious affiliation, as well as associated changes in inter-ethnic social and political relationships. Video running time: approx. 13 minutes.


The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ethanolic extract of Piper trioicum on the amylase, lipase and alpha glucosidase activity In vitro. Powder of whole plant of Piper trioicum was extracted in ethanol and the extract was assayed for the measurement of inhibitory effects on activities of enzymes. The extracts rich in bioactive phytochemicals showed inhibitory activity on the amylase, lipase and alpha glucosidase, thus suggesting that extract might be useful in the treatment to limit dietary fat and glucose absorption and the accumulation of fat in adipose tissue. The extracts of Piper trioicum may be safe, natural and cost effective for reducing fat and glucose absorption.


The present study examines the presence of satisfaction with life, psychological well-being and resilience will boost up tolerance for disagreement and need to belong among undergraduate students of university. To test the model, three factors (satisfaction with life, psychological well-being and resilience) are used to predict student's tolerance for disagreement and need to belong which are important variables in academic achievement and constructive life. We administered scales of tolerance for disagreement, need to belong, satisfaction with life, Ryff's psychological well-being and resilience. Using correlation and regression (path analysis) analysis, findings of the study explored that life satisfaction, PWB and resilience are predicting disagreement tolerance and belongingness need. This study is limited to one public university. Applied significance of the study is, it will help policy makers, educational planners, parents, counselors etc. to devise strategies which increase the satisfaction, psychological well-being and resilience will ultimately increase the disagreement tolerance and sense of belonging among students.


The study conducted on a total of 1344 preterm births, of which 403 hypotrophic fetuses births (between 2010-2012 within the Maternal Clinics of Craiova, Romania), studied the involvement of dental inflammatory infections in the chorioamnionitis onset. The possibility of transferring germs, toxins and degraded materials into the blood flow, and them entering the chorioamniotic structures is quite a common issue. Subclinically often evolving chorioamniotic membrane and its existence is clearly established after birth by histopathological and bacteriological examinations, being partially responsible for the growth delay of the conception product. Our study revealed this fact, by using clinical examinations, ultrasound exams, bacteriological determinations of the amniotic fluid and the placenta, alongside the histopathological examinations. The chorioamnionitis inflammatory process is responsible for premature birth, through a high synthesis of interleukins (IL) and prostaglandins, causing uterine contractions. Our IL-6 dosage determinations show its growth that can be considered a prediction marker for preterm birth.


J.L. Schellenberg argues that divine hiddenness provides an argument for the conclusion that God does not exist, for if God existed he would not allow non-resistant non-belief to occur, but non-resistant non-belief does occur, so God does not exist. In this paper, I argue that the stakes involved in theistic considerations put pressure on Schellenberg's premise that non-resistant non- belief occurs. First, I specify conditions for someone's being a non-resistant non-believer. Then, I argue that many people fulfil these conditions because, given some plausible assumptions, there is a very good pragmatic reason to be a theist rather than an atheist. I assume it is more likely that theists go to heaven than atheists, and I argue there is a non-zero probability that one can receive infinite utility and a method of comparing outcomes with infinite utilities in which the probability of each outcome affects the final expected values. Then, I show how this argument entails there is no good reason to think that there are very many non-resistant non-believers.


Ophiostoma galeiforme was described first in 1951 from Larix kaempferi in Scotland, where it was found to be associated with the bark beetles Hy-lurgops palliatus, Dryocoetes autographus, and the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum. The taxonomy of this fungus has been uncertain because of a lack of sexual structures on the type specimen and contamination of a preserved ex-type culture. The aim of this study was to clarify application of the species name, O. galeiforme, by designating an epitype and to consider phylogenetic relationships of the species. Nineteen isolates resembling O. galeiforme from different parts of the world were used, including collections from Pinus sylvestris infested with Tomicus pi-niperda in Scotland and the contaminated ex-type culture. Morphological characteristics of isolates from Sweden, South Africa, Scotland, Chile and Aus-tria corresponded well with those originally described for O. galeiforme, and an isolate from Scotland is designated as the epitype. A detailed description is provided. Results of interfertility tests showed that O. galeiforme is heterothallic. Analysis of ITS rDNA sequences showed that the isolates representing O. galeiforme were distinct from three morphologically similar isolates from the USA and Mexico, which probably represent an undescribed taxon.


New product development (NPD) project studies have attempted to identify a common set of factors that will indicate whether a NPD project will succeed or fail. A recent study has shown that there is no universal set of factors; also some factors have contradictory effects on a project's success. A framework that classifies NPD projects into different contextual groups explains these anomalies. The grouping helps in determining the appropriate weights for the different success/failure factors, and the type of management organization and approach suitable for the project. The many subjective elements make classifying NPD projects into their appropriate contextual grouping difficult. Describes a rule‐based expert system which classifies NPD projects into their appropriate contextual groupings, suggests the level of emphasis for different success/failure factors and the right approach for managing.


Typical structural universals are not just the mereological sum of their constituents. Hence, there is the Structure Problem of explaining this non-mereological structure. The Instantiation Problem is that the predicate "U is instantiated by x, y, etc., in that order" is ill-suited to be a primitive, unanalyzed predicate. The proposed solution to these problems is based on the observation that if universal U is said to supervene upon universals V, W, etc., then it is the instantiation of U that supervenes on the instantiation of V, W, etc. Assuming there are few subvenient universals, which is admittedly a speculation, their instantiation may be explained in ways that would be uneconomic if there were too many.


Background: The presence of skilled attendants at birth and institutional delivery with quality serves significantly improves maternal and neonatal health. However, in countries where a practice of home birth is common, maternal and neonatal mortality remained high. Thus, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of home birth and to identify determinants of place of birth in Ethiopia. Methods: Ethiopian mini-DHS-2019 data was used in this analysis. A survey multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze determinants of place of birth. An adjusted relative risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval with a p-value of < 0.05 and marginal effect and its 95% confidence interval with a p-value of < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. The Global Moran's I analysis was done by using ArcMap 10.8 to evaluate the clustering of home birth. The magnitude of home birth was predicted by ordinary kriging interpolation. Then, scanning was done by SaTScan V.9.6 software to detect scanning windows with low or high rates of home birth. Result: Prevalence of home birth in Ethiopia was 52.19% (95% CI: 46.49 – 57.83). Whereas, only 2.99% (95% CI: 1.68 – 5.25) of mothers gave birth in the health posts. Bigger family size, family wealth, multiparity, none and fewer antenatal visits, and low cluster level coverage of 4+ antenatal visits were predictors of home birth. Homebirth was clustered across enumeration areas and it was over 40% in most parts of the country with >75% in the Somali region. SaTScan analysis detected most likely clusters in the Somali region, eastern and southern zones of Oromia region, central zones of Amhara region, and eastern zones of the South Nations Nationalities and People's region. Conclusion: Home birth is a common practice in Ethiopia. Among public health facilities, health posts are the least utilized institutions for labor and delivery care. Nationally implementing the 2016 WHO's recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience and providing quality antenatal and delivery care in public facilities through qualified providers with midwifery skills and systems of back-up in place could be supportive.


Lie symmetry group method is applied to study Benney equation. The symmetry group and its optimal system are given,and group invariant solutions associated to the symmetries are obtained. Also the structure of the Lie algebra symmetries is determined. Mainly, we have compared one of the resolved analitical solutions of the Benney equation with one of it's numerical solutions which is obtained via homotopy perturbation method in [4].


Boltzmann sampling is commonly used to uniformly sample objects of a particular size from large combinatorial sets. For this technique to be effective, one needs to prove that (1) the sampling procedure is efficient and (2) objects of the desired size are generated with sufficiently high probability. We use this approach to give a provably efficient sampling algorithm for a class of weighted integer partitions related to Bose-Einstein condensation from statistical physics. Our sampling algorithm is a probabilistic interpretation of the ordinary generating function for these objects, derived from the symbolic method of analytic combinatorics. Using the Khintchine-Meinardus probabilistic method to bound the rejection rate of our Boltzmann sampler through singularity analysis of Dirichlet generating functions, we offer an alternative approach to analyze Boltzmann samplers for objects with multiplicative structure.


Significant research efforts are underway to develop commercially viable, technically feasible, highly efficient, and highly reliable power converters for renewable energy, electric transportation, and various industrial applications. This chapter presents state-of-the-art knowledge and cutting-edge techniques in various stages of research related to impedance source converters/inverters, including the concepts, advantages compared to existing technology, classification, current status, and future trends. Electric power generation comprises traditional power generation, such as hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear power production, and renewable energy sources, which already has a large penetration joined by photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy. In applications that need to boost the voltage, the Z-source converter is a possibility. Power electronics is the enabling technology for the energy processing necessary for electronic and electrical equipment of all types, from renewable energy to power systems, from house appliances to aerospace systems. New power electronic devices, such as the SiC and GaN, will definitely improve the Z-source converters ?> performance.


Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) provides the highest mass accuracy and mass resolving power of the currently available mass spectrometers. One of the main drawbacks in its use for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) applications has been its incompatibility with standard HPLC columns and flow rates. Hybrid instruments, such as the LTQ-FT, provide the much needed bridge between the excellent performance and capabilities of the FT mass spectrometers and the well-established, tested and validated features of quadrupoles and ion traps. The hybrid instruments are compatible with standard HPLC flow rates, have high-throughput and automation compatibility, and also provide data dependant MSn. The ability to maintain the fidelity of an externally calibrated accurate mass measurement across an HPLC peak, where the analyte concentrations are rapidly changing, is a significant advance for this technology, as is the ability to perform data dependent MS/MS experiments on the chromatographic time scale. The MSn and accurate mass capabilities are routinely utilized to rapidly confirm the identification of expected metabolites or to elucidate the structures of unusual or unexpected metabolites. The combination of traditional high-flow chromatography and robust, externally calibrated accurate mass determination for both parent and product ions makes the LTQ-FTMS a very powerful analytical tool for the characterization of metabolites, identification of metabolic soft-spots and for metabonomics studies.


Forest management decisions are strongly influenced by security of forest property rights, and best long-term management practices often hinge on strengthening control over forest resources through participatory engagement with local actors. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) is the most important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in the trinational region of Pando, Bolivia, Acre, Brazil and Madre de Dios, Peru. This species simultaneously promotes forest conservation and forms the livelihood base for rural communities. The current development of the Interoceanic highway, an extension of the recently paved Brazilian BR-317 into Bolivia and Peru, will change the nature of this formerly remote region by providing regional access to Pacific ports. Within this dynamic context, it is essential to understand how property rights security affects short and long-term Brazil nut management linked to forest conservation and economic futures of this region. We evaluated Brazil nut collection and management practices in twelve communities in Bolivia and Brazil by conducting interviews with 190 extractivists and accompanying Brazil nut harvests in 2006 and 2007. Results of this comparative study show that unclear property rights, coupled with the dominant role of Brazil nut in the Pando household economy, creates an extremely high degree of conflict during the harvest season. Such conflict affects both the timing of Brazil nut collection, as well as management of the resource. Conversely, a secure land tenure system in Acre based on customary "tree tenure," along with more diverse livelihood options, have resulted in less conflict. Participatory mapping may be an important tool for communities to deal with tenure conflict, visualize traditional forest use systems, and leverage integration of traditional practices into formal land titling processes and decision-making.


The effects of ACTH4-10 (Org O163) and of the ACTH4-9 analog (Org 2766) were tested in 20 male patients suffering from a mild to moderate cerebroorganic impairment. Patients were aged between 51-72 years (mean 60.9). Org 2766 was given in dosages of 0.05 mg, 0.5 mg and 5 mg, Org O163 in a dosage of 30 mg. The investigation was based on a randomized incomplete crossover design. By means of psychological tests the effects of the synthetic neuropeptides on memory, state of well-being, attention, vigilance and psychomotor function were investigated. The statistical analysis of the results did not reveal any effects of both substances on the functions tested. These results are in agreement with those of other studies in man using similar methods and acute administration of ACTH4-10 and/or Org 2766. In such studies only effects of reactive inhibition of attention and motivation could be demonstrated consistently.


Purpose: The neutron shielding properties of the concrete structures of a proposed proton therapy facility were evaluated with help of the Monte Carlo technique. The planned facility's design omits the typical maze-structured entrances to the treatment rooms to facilitate more efficient access and, instead, proposes the use of massive concrete/steel doors. Furthermore, straight conduits in the treatment room walls were used in the design of the facility, necessitating a detailed investigation of the neutron radiation outside the rooms to determine if the design can be applied without violating existing radiation protection regulations. This study was performed to investigate whether the operation of a proton therapy unit using such a facility design will be in compliance with radiation protection requirements. Methods: A detailed model of the planned proton therapy expansion project of the University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, was produced to simulate secondary neutron production from clinical proton beams using the MCNPX Monte Carlo radiation transport code. Neutron spectral fluences were collected at locations of interest and converted to ambient dose equivalents using an in-house code based on fluence to dose-conversion factors provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Results and Conclusions: At all investigated locations of interest, the ambient dose equivalent values were below the occupational dose limits and the dose limits for individual members of the public. The impact of straight conduits was negligible because their location and orientation were such that no line of sight to the neutron sources (ie, the isocenter locations) was established. Finally, the treatment room doors were specially designed to provide spatial efficiency and, compared with traditional maze designs, showed that while it would be possible to achieve a lower neutron ambient dose equivalent with a maze, the increased spatial (and financial) requirements may offset this advantage.


Stroke is the second cause of mortality in industrial countries after ischemic heart disease. Ischemic stroke results from an artery occlusion and leads to oxygen and glucose shortage in brain. Cerebral ischemia results in inflammation and oxidative stress leading to neuronal loss and brain damage. To these days, rt-PA is the only approved drug for stroke; however, increasing the risk of bleeding and golden time limitation are the problems associated with rt-PA.


MapReduce has emerged as an important and widely used programming model for distributed and parallel computing, due to its ease of use, generality and scalability. This model is proposed to mainly solve large-scale data processing, i.e. data-intensive jobs, and it is optimized for homogenous environment, in which computing nodes are identical and dedicated. Today enterprise IT systems preserve massive, historical management and operational data, which need both data-intensive and computation-intensive analysis while using heterogeneous computing resources. In order to support enterprise data analysis application with the MapReduce model, it is important to improve MapReduce's task scheduling algorithm that can reduce the overall completion time with multi-type jobs and in heterogeneous environments. This paper formulates the scheduling problem as an optimization problem. Based on the job shop scheduling theory and existing approximation algorithms, we propose a new dispatching-rule-based and online scheduling policy LPT-θ. By using LPT-θ, the tasks with larger processing time and within a θ-space would be assigned with higher priorities. Numerical results show that LPT-θ can achieve a 12%~45% performance gain compared with the original scheduling algorithm in MapReduce.


ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the current study was to carry out a preliminary validation of devices for standardized collection of whole mouth fluid (WMF) in comparison to the passive drooling method for protein analysis in healthy subjects.Materials and Methods: A carefully designed sample collection/pretreatment protocol is crucial to the success of any saliva proteomics project. In this study, WMF was collected from healthy volunteers (n = 10, ages: 18–26 years). Individuals with any oral disease were excluded from the study group. In our study, we evaluated the following collection methods; the classical passive drooling method (unstimulated whole saliva) and standardized tools for saliva collection (Pure·SAL™, and RNAPro·SAL™) from Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation (Vancouver WA, USA). For estimation of protein levels, we used the bicinchoninic acid assay and protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher). The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis sample analysis was carried out for the estimation of proteins in one of the samples.Results: When gels were compared, the difference was seen in the resolution of spots. Protein spots were fading from high- to low-molecular weight masses. Hence, advanced devices in comparison to spitting method resulted in much clearer protein spots which in turn prove the validation of devices.Conclusions: In this study, we concluded that protein extraction could be possible by both methods such as passive drooling method and through advanced saliva collection devices (Pure·SAL™ and RNAPro·SAL™).


The antiepileptic valproate (VPA) is widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, although the mechanism of its action in the disorder is unclear. We show here that VPA inhibits both inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG) signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. VPA disrupts two behaviors regulated by the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)): defecation and ovulation. VPA also inhibits two activities regulated by DAG signaling: acetylcholine release and egg laying. The effects of VPA on DAG signaling are relieved by phorbol ester, a DAG analogue, suggesting that VPA acts to inhibit DAG production. VPA reduces levels of DAG and inositol-1-phosphate, but phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is slightly increased, suggesting that phospholipase C-mediated hydrolysis of PIP(2) to form DAG and IP(3) is defective in the presence of VPA.


The number of cytotoxic payload classes with different modes-of-action which have been successfully employed in antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) is still rather limited. So far, only ADCs with microtubule inhibitors, DNA binding payloads or topoisomerase I inhibitors have been advanced into clinical testing. To this end, the identification of ADC payload classes with a novel mode of action will increase therapeutic options and potentially help to overcome resistance. Inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (KSP/Eg5) have generated interest due to their high antitumor potency. However, transferring the preclinical potency of small molecule KSP inhibitors (KSPis) into highly efficient clinical regimens with a sufficient therapeutic window has remained challenging. We have investigated a new pyrrole subclass of KSPis which showed subnanomolar potency against a large panel of tumor cell lines for their utility as a novel payload class in ADCs. Towards this goal different attachment sites for linkers have been explored in the KSPi molecule which were found compatible with cleavable and/or non-cleavable linkers. Subnanomolar potency and selectivity of ADCs with antibodies targeting either HER2, EGFR or TWEAKR could be demonstrated in vitro. For selected ADCs, the intracellular trafficking and metabolite formation was investigated and KSP inhibition was confirmed as the ADC mode of action. Depending on the linker composition differential profiles of the ADC metabolites with regard to efflux, cellular permeation, and bystander effect have been achieved. Moreover, specific accumulation in the tumor versus other tissues was demonstrated in biodistribution studies in vivo. In conclusion, KSP inhibitors have been established as a versatile new payload class for the generation of highly potent and selective ADCs. Citation Format: Hans-Georg Lerchen, Sven Wittrock, Nils Griebenow, Mario Lobell, Anne-Sophie Rebstock, Yolanda Cancho-Grande, Beatrix Stelte-Ludwig, Christoph Mahlert, Simone Greven, Anette Sommer, Sandra Berndt, Carsten Terjung, Heiner Apeler, Bertolt Kreft, Rolf Jautelat. Development of potent and selective antibody-drug conjugates with pyrrole-based KSP inhibitors as novel payload class [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3234. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3234


Oxidation of sulfide-containing ores is the main cause of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), which is an environmental problem associated with both the abandoned and active mines. Iron-bearing sulfide minerals can be oxidized and form mine waters with high sulfate content, low pH, high electrical conductivity, high redox potential, and high concentrations of iron, aluminum, and other heavy metals. In the process of AMD, precipitation of poorly crystalized oxy-hydroxides of iron with a large active surface can occur. On the surface of iron oxy-hydroxide, the precipitated particulate matter, anions, and cations (metals) could be adsorbed. Mine waters can contain a certain amount of precious metals that can also be adsorbed onto an iron particulate matter surface, which is investigated in this research work. In this work, the samples of iron oxy-hydroxide particulate matter at abandoned gold mine waste in Bakovici (Central Bosnia and Herzegovina) are used. Several parameters including pH, water content, particle size distribution, sulfate content, electrical conductivity, redox potential, and amounts of gold, silver, and iron are measured on the selected mine waste samples. The results obtained indicate that significant amounts of gold (average: 6.8 mg/kg) and silver (average: 7.13 mg/kg) are present in the iron precipitate. Adsorption of precious metals onto the iron oxy-hydroxide surface is strongly pH-dependent. At a very low pH value, desorption of precious metals is favorite. Thus, precious metals are only partially adsorbed onto the iron oxy-hydroxide surface.


The dynamic behavior of object-oriented programs is diicult to design, implement, and modify. Understanding the interactions between classes and objects is necessary to create eecient designs and make safe modiications. This work seeks to identify, visualize, and analyze recurring message patterns in object-oriented program executions as a means for understanding and examining dynamic behavior. Our visualizations focus on supporting design recovery, validation, and reengineering tasks.


Introduction The mining sector that has driven the South African economy for over 100 years left a legacy of occupational lung diseases in mineworkers, their families and communities in Southern Africa not comparable with any other working populations and compounded by the migrant labour system. The 33 000 mineworkers compensated for silicosis, 109 000 for tuberculosis and 14 000 for asbestos-related disease amongst other occupational lung diseases over the past 30 years is thought to be only the tip of the iceberg. This study aimed to document progress towards ameliorating this situation and identifying residual challenges. Methods A review was conducted of relevant policy and legislation and epidemiological studies showing the size, shape and scope of occupational lung diseases and access of current and ex-mineworkers to prevention interventions, health services and compensation. This was supplemented by 12 semi-structured interviews and data analysis. Result The approach to the occupational lung disease challenges within the Southern African mining sector included the development of a database of 600 000 files, outreach services including fixed and mobile health units and financial services, tracking and tracing ex-mineworkers using geospatial mapping tools and increased compensation payments. Multi-stakeholder participation involving governments in the Southern Africa region, trade unions, the Chamber of Mines, ex-mineworker associations and multi-lateral agencies assisted with financial, infrastructural and technical resources. Discussion The challenges in the post-apartheid era have meant that vast numbers of mineworkers who have fallen ill or became disabled as they worked to produce South Africa's mineral wealth were not receiving health services and compensation. Progress is now being made to address the problems identified. Despite these efforts there are barriers to access services including socio-cultural factors, distance and lack of knowledge amongst ex-mineworkers about occupational lung diseases and compensation.


This paper deals with the adjoint-based design optimization of vortex generators for the performance improvement of the subsonic inlet. The RAE M2129, an S-shaped inlet, was selected as the target geometry. Because of the differences in radius of curvature between the port side (outer wall) and starboard side (inner wall), a centrifugal pressure gradient that induces circulatory flow and secondary flow was developed. To minimize these detrimental aerodynamic phenomena, a design optimization of vortex generators installed in subsonic inlet was conducted. To maximize the flow quality enhancement, the effectiveness and position of vortex generator are independently optimized by using the design parameters of height, chord length, angle of incidence, axial position, and the circumferential position of each vortex generator. To increase the design efficiency, the source term model of vortex generator was employed instead of the gridded vortex generator. Since the original source term model cannot reflect a small change in position and has difficulties in differentiation for adjoint method, a differentiable source term model was developed. To deal with a large number of design variables, the gradient-based design optimization method using the discrete adjoint approach was employed to minimize the distortion coefficient while maintaining the baseline total pressure recovery ratio. As a validation of the proposed design approach, optimization with three kinds of design parameters representing the effectiveness of each vortex generator (a total of 33 design variables) was carried out with the original source term model. The designed vortex generator configuration yields a substantial improvement in inlet performance, which confirms the validity of the proposed design approach. After the validation process, a complete design with five design parameters per each vortex generator (a total of 55 design variables) was performed by using the differentiable source term model. Through the complete design process, the performance of target inlet was remarkably improved; the distortion coefficient was decreased over 79% while maintaining the total pressure recovery ratio.


Aim To determine the impact of perinatal factors on renal function in five year-old preterm-born children. Material and Methods Prospective longitudinal study of preterm-born children from birth to five years of age, and five year-old full-term controls. Renal function measured in the neonatal period and at five years. Primary outcome was renal function at five years: blood pressure (BP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria. Multivariate analysis was performed with multiple linear regression models. Results 168 children included aged 5.1±0.1 years. 133 preterm-born children, born: 29.2±1.4 weeks gestation; 35 full-term children aged five. Systolic BP (sBP) was 97.5±7.1 mmHg in preterm-born children versus 92.2±8.1 mmHg in full-term controls, p=0.0001. In preterm-born children, sBP increased by (β±σ): 2.2±1.0 mmHg for each gram/kg increase in proteins/day on day 28, and decreased by –3.0±1.4 in case of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, after adjustment on gender and height at five years. eGFR was 176.3±37.1 mL/min/1.73m² at five in preterm-born children. It was significantly decreased when children had presented hyaline membrane disease or necrotising enterocolitis, respectively (β±σ): –17.6±6.7 and –25.7±10.4 mL/min/1.73m². eGFR at five was not associated with neonatal nutrition. 14.4% preterm-born children had an albumin ratio >2 mg/mmol vs. 11.1% full-terms, p=0.7. Renal volume, absolute or relative, at five years was negatively correlated to protein intakes from day 14 onwards in the neonatal period: R= –0.69, p=0.006. Conclusion Protein intakes in the neonatal period are associated to an increased BP and decreased renal volume in five year-old preterm-born children.


Rooting and growth of Verbena cuttings (Verbena × hybrids Voss) were measured to determine response to foliar-applied benzylaminopurine (BA). There was no rooting response to BA application when visible nodal roots were present at the base of the cutting. There was no response to 30, 100, or 300 mg BA/liter applied to the foliage 48 or 96 hours after excision from the stock plant. Rooting-zone dry mass, total cutting dry mass, and number of roots were increased by 30 mg BA/liter applied immediately after excision when there were no visible nodal roots at the base of the cuttings. Foliar application of BA at 10 or 30 mg·liter -1 increased lateral bud elongation of subsequently rooted shoots by 20% and 49%, respectively. Application of BA during cutting propagation to enhance subsequent lateral bud elongation does not appear to inhibit rooting in Verbena stem cuttings. Chemical name used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BA).


Entering preschool age, ideally children can learn to live independently, but not all children can be independently associated with the birth order of children in the family. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the order of birth of children in the family with independence in fulfilling the activity daily living (ADL) in preschool children (4-5 years).
The study design used analytic observations with a cross sectional approach, the population was all patients with MTBS UPTD Puskesmas Kec. Kepanjenkidul Blitar City is preschool (4-5 years old) who visits the Puskesmas. Sampling using Accidental sampling technique with a sample of 43 respondents. Data collection using questionnaires and interview guides. Data analysis using spearman rho test with  = 0.05.
From a total of 43 children, 14 eldest children, 6 middle children and 21 youngest children, 21 independent children and 22 independent children. Spearman rho statistical test analysis shows the value of p = 0.004. Because the value of p <α (0.05) then H1 is accepted which means that there is a relationship between the birth order of children in the family with independence in fulfilling the activity daily living (ADL) in preschool children (4-5 years) at the UPTD Community Health Center Kepanjenkidul Blitar City.
The birth order of children in the family has different characteristics that affect the independence of the child, so parents should be able to set an example for children and train them to be independent in accordance with the abilities and stages of child development.

Keywords: order of birth of children, independence of ADL, preschoolers (4-5) years old


It was suggested that tape casting method can be used to fabricate high-temperature electrostatic chucks (HTESC) based on a metal substrate coated with a glass-ceramic insulating layer. The adhesion of the coating was excellent such that is was able to withstand temperature cycling to over 300℃ without spalling. the electrostatic clamping pressure reached a very high value of about 9 torr at 600 V and generally followed the theoretical voltage-squared curve. Based on these results, we believe that we successfully developed a viable technique for manufacturing low cost HTESC.


Abstract This paper aims to evaluate the formability of tailor welded blanks of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets. In this work, bead on plate butt joints of 2·5 mm DP600 and 1·2 mm TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using CO2 laser beam welding. Microhardness measurements and transverse tensile testing were carried out to characterise the welds. The formability of base metals and welds were investigated by standard Erichsen test. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the TRIP base metal, and the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of the DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets, and the formability increased with increasing welding speed.


This review investigates the capabilities of laser-based interferometric methods for producing structures with multiple-scaled surface features imitating natural examples. Firstly, laser interference lithography is used to produce hierarchical patterns with length-scales in the micrometer and sub-micrometer range. Different strategies are discussed to produce a wide variety of periodic arrays, depending on the number of resist lasers used as well as the way in which the exposure steps are organized. After that, periodic patterns are fabricated on polymers using ns laser pulses from an UV-laser system. Additionally in this case, multiple-scale patterns are produced by using different strategies. A similar approach is described to treat metallic surfaces of steel X6Cr17 and a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. The geometry of the produced microstructures was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Measurement of water contact angle is performed for both polymer and metallic surfaces.


Purpose
Dubai has been largely under-researched as a destination, particularly from a tourism perspective. Most current knowledge about the emirate tends to originate from broadcast media coverage, newspapers and business journals. Much of the recent academic research on the destination often positions Dubai in a broader development or management framework, resulting in what can be a narrow and largely western-oriented perspective that fails to highlight or identify many of the key issues underpinning its apparent success.

Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts an ethnographic approach based on the authors' experiences in the destination and sets out to address this issue not only by presenting new information but also by analysing and explaining Dubai's tourism development approach.

Findings
Some 40 years ago, Dubai was little more than a backwater tribal settlement, dependent on pearl fishing, trade and limited oil reserves. In 2018, it is now viewed as a futuristic city-state, rapidly expanding its global outreach and undertaking a range of high-profile development projects and acquisitions. The award of Expo 2020 has boosted government confidence in the sector with the Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing planning to increase visitor numbers to 25 million by 2020 with an anticipated tripling of the associated economic benefit. However, despite its remarkable success, Dubai has been criticised for flying in the face of global sustainability trends and needs to think seriously about how it will manage the growth of its tourism industry.

Originality/value
Dubai has evolved to become one of the world's leading tourism destinations, and it has done so despite our academic notions of sustainability, tourism planning, tourism resource requirements and demands for authenticity. This provides an opportunity for the authors to use Dubai as a vehicle through which to challenge these concepts and to move the established notions of "traditional" tourism thinking forward to acknowledge the value of alternative approaches to the creation of a tourism strategy.


The interest in the Internet of Things IoT and cyber-physical devices by consumers creates the need to study the prospects of mobile service hosting to enable integration of sensor devices with mobile technologies. This new ecosystem can boost the dissemination of timely information in a mobile P2P environment. The challenge however is that, in group sharing scenarios, a mobile node can become burdened during peak-loads which can cause intolerable message response latency, unresponsiveness, and failures. This paper proposes a mobile hosting architecture to enable mobile-to-mobile communication following the edge-based technique. Hence, instead of a single mobile serving as a centralised provider hub, the communication is distributed across nearby and available provider nodes. The request distribution is developed following the sequential, parallelism, loop, and choice services flow patterns. Preliminary testing of the flow patterns focused on latency reduction by tracing a the optimal path, b request re-assignment, and c fault-tolerance.


Abstract: The purpose of this study was to the creation of comic books of traditional games as an attempt to introduce to teenagers. Traditional games currently almost eroded and replaced with electronic games, with all modern tools as well. This is mainly due to the rapid development of technology that supports and produces various types of games, so there is little youth of today are not familiar with the traditional games ever played by their parents. Whereas the traditional game is part of a culture that must be preserved and introduced because it has a lot of values and positive benefits for the development of intellectual, social, emotional, and personality teenagers. Keywords: Comics, Design, Traditional Games,Teenagers


There is paucity of data on the awareness of Environmental Impact Assessment across communities where environmental assessments have been completed for different ranges of projects. This has raised concerns for stakeholders and policy makers for decision making as part of improving the sustainability initiatives in the built environment. The research examined the perception of the public in Anambra State after post environmental impact assessment tasks in communities have been completed.  This was to ascertain the extent of public awareness on the implications of EIA in the built environment. The field survey employed techniques such as survey method, focused group discussion, interview and observation to elicit information from the 450 respondents of the three communities: Uruezi Egbema Village Ozubulu, Aboh Amawa Ogbunike and Umuofor Ubahu Village, Okija, where selected Environmental Impact Assessment projects are located.  Purposive sampling technique was employed. The hypothesis that guided the study was: Reaction and perception of residents to EIA as an instrument of environmental sustainability and governance do not vary across communities studied. The results supported the hypothesis as the calculated X2 was greater than the critical values at both 0.05 and 0.01 alpha levels. Awareness level and mitigation measures were shown to be poor. This raised serious concern on the implications of the level of awareness in environmental management issues in the study localities. It is therefore recommended that efforts must be made to improve EIA awareness through capacity building and enforcement of mitigation measures with available grants and incentives in environmental management. It is hoped that the findings will be useful to EIA practitioners and to ministries of Environment across the states of the Federation in Nigeria and thus provide a general guideline for other researchers in EIA quality evaluations.