Motion-based segmentation has attracted a lot of attention. The task of identifying independent objects is called segmentation. Motion-based segmentation has a broad video application domain. An approach based on principal singular vectors (PSVs) of the image measurement matrix was proposed for separating independent moving objects in Kung and Yun-Ting Lin (1995). After applying SVD (singular value decomposition), feature blocks with different object-based motions tend to form separate clusters on the PSV space. Therefore, a frame can be divided into regions each with consistent motion. Our approach offers several additional features: (1) a multi-candidate feature tracker is adopted. (2) Multiple frames are utilized to facilitate motion-based separation. (3) We would like to achieve not only accurate motion estimation, but also the object regions should retain some neighborhood property (to save the bits for the coding boundary). For this, a neighborhood sensitivity parameter /spl delta/ is introduced. One application of motion-based segmentation is low-bit-rate video compression. In very low bit-rate video coding, only motion vectors of finite regions and the region boundary (coded in prediction error) need to be transmitted. Yet simulations yield quite respectable compensated frames.


For low-mass Higgs boson production at ATLAS at {radical}s = 7 TeV, the hard subprocess gg {yields} h{sup 0} {yields} b{bar b} dominates but is in turn drowned out by background. We seek to exploit the intrinsic few-MeV mass width of the Higgs boson to observe it above the background in b{bar b}-dijet mass plots. The mass resolution of existing mass-reconstruction algorithms is insufficient for this purpose due to jet combinatorics, that is, the algorithms cannot identify every jet that results from b{bar b} Higgs decay. We combine these algorithms using the neural net (NN) and boosted regression tree (BDT) multivariate methods in attempt to improve the mass resolution. Events involving gg {yields} h{sup 0} {yields} b{bar b} are generated using Monte Carlo methods with Pythia and then the Toolkit for Multivariate Analysis (TMVA) is used to train and test NNs and BDTs. For a 120 GeV Standard Model Higgs boson, the m{sub h{sup 0}}-reconstruction width is reduced from 8.6 to 6.5 GeV. Most importantly, however, the methods used here allow for more advanced m{sub h{sup 0}}-reconstructions to be created in the future using multivariate methods.


The in vitro binding affinity of (+/-)-1-[4-(2-isopropoxyethoxymethyl)-phenoxy]-3-isopropylamino-2- propranol hemifumarate (bisoprolol, EMD 33 512) to beta 1-, beta 2-, alpha 1-, alpha 2-, D1-, D2-, 5-HT2- and muscarinic cholinergic receptors of rat was compared with that of atenolol, betaxolol and propranolol. Bisoprolol showed a high specific binding affinity to beta 1-adrenoceptors (heart) and a low specific binding affinity to beta 2-adrenoceptors (lung). The beta 1-selectivity of bisoprolol (beta 2/beta 1 = 34.7) proved to be higher than that of atenolol (8.7) and betaxolol (12.5). Propranolol (0.59) was non-selective as expected. Bisoprolol and atenolol exhibited no remarkable binding affinity to alpha 1-, alpha 2-, D1-, D2-, 5-HT2- and muscarinic cholinergic receptors at concentrations up to 1 X 10(-4) mol/l. For betaxolol binding affinities for alpha 2-, D2- and 5-HT2-receptors were found with IC50 values ranging between 2 X 10(-5) and 7 X 10(-5) mol/l. For propranolol binding affinities for alpha 1-, alpha 2-, D1-, D2- and 5-HT2-receptors were found with IC50 values ranging between 2 X 10(-6) and 9 X 10(-5) mol/l.


The main aim of this paper is to explore potential ways of developing for elderly education in the church.This paper develops an overall understanding of the changing and dynamics of the ageing as a new concern. And it goes on to discuss the nature of elderly education and elderly education programme of church.This considers what possible benefits are obtained by elderly education. The paper then moves on to explore the patterns and forms of elderly education in the churches to focus on its importances and problems by the analysis draws on case study.Through observing primary and secondary date, finally this study highlights the need more dynamic relationship between community based institutes and churches for elderly education.


A transient hot localized high-density plasma in liquid helium (LHe) after a pulsed discharge with a high voltage (20 kV, 180-360 A, 0.4-7 /spl mu/s) between tungsten (W) needle electrodes has been studied. Spatial and temporal changes of the plasma density in helium gas surrounded by LHe are measured by observing Stark broadening of 587.6-nm HeI spectral line. The localized plasma is found to have density above 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ with an elongated ellipsoid in shape along the common axis of the needle electrodes. At 0.4 /spl mu/s after the end of discharge, the half widths of the density distribution along and transverse to the axis are typically 0.6 and 1.4 mm, respectively. We have observed strong spectral lines of magnesium (Mg) atoms without Stark broadening, when one of the electrodes is replaced by an Mg rod. After a discharge is over, Mg atoms are confirmed to be incorporated into LHe.


In addition to the separation of the phases of the European Union urban development processes, this paper seeks to trace their special disparities. By the 21st century Europe faced a special situation, practically never experienced before in its history as regards migration, by the breaking down of the blocking role of state borders and the improvement of transportation facilities. These factors led to the dissolution of the isolation of some elements in the European mosaic of nation states, and this was relevant not only for the European Union member states but also for countries that are not EU members. Our paper reveals how the pan-European migration processes induce a variety of urban development tendencies in the various macro-regions. Different independent analyses are provided to discuss the spatial disparities of urban development. Firstly, general urban development tendencies are examined in the respective countries, and the development characteristics of large cities are introduced. This is followed by an analysis of medium-sized cities on the basis of a broad database, and finally the paper discusses the survey of a group of cities which host automotive companies. In other words, the paper is composed of four chapters. First of all, we review the demographic changes and the urbanization processes of the continent. After that, we focus on large cities, and then on the size category of 50 000–500 000 inhabitants. In the last chapter we discuss the features of European automotive settlements, regardless of the population. The aim of this analysis is to explore the impacts of automotive industry on the social and economic indicators of the examined urban areas. We assume this sector has got a positive impact on the economic performance of a given urban area, and it can have an impact on its demographic processes as well. An important research question is which European countries, great regions and settlement size categories are favoured by the automotive industry. In addition, we try to trace the position of Győr in this special group of cities. Evidently, the type and data demand of these analyses requires various geographical ranges and city size categories, but our conclusions are supported. Typical urban development zones are featured in Europe, and they may be described by similar characteristics, which proves that in our age the phases of urban development are not the same all over the continent. Further development will probably not follow the classical urban development phases, either. It is much more likely to have a centre-periphery relationship in the future, and the exclusivity of the development of large cities will only be experienced in some European countries. The development of cities is not equal in Europe, and we can find variant processes in different great regions. In the past, the differences were connected to the economic development of single countries, nowadays changes are formed by globalization tendencies, the appreciation of dynamic metropolitan areas and migration processes. The crisis in 2008 – which depressed the poorer areas more strongly – stimulated these processes. Today, the internal immigration and international emigration determine the development of areas in poorer countries. In contrast, we see the development of prospering urban regions in the developed parts of the continent, while other parts of the wealthy countries can be found in the phase of deurbanization. In other words, there could be a more balanced spatial development in these countries.


An approach for mapping an electric vehicle EV driver s travel time constraints and risk taking behavior to real time routing in a probabilistic time-dependent or stochastic network is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach is based on a heuristic algorithm that finds the shortest path according to the driver s preferences. Accounting for en route delays and alternate routes, the EV routing problem in stochastic networks is shown to exhibit other than the First In First Out FIFO property i.e. the traveling time for those who depart earlier may not sooner of those who depart later or wait en route in the charging stations. The proposed approach provides EV drivers the option to manage their trip and reach the destination on time, while by taking advantage of the non FIFO characteristics of the traffic network, charge their cars en route. The proposed routing algorithm is tested on a given stochastic transportation network. The best routes based on the driver s preferences are identified while accounting for the best-planned delays at the charging stations or en-route.


Background Up to 30% of recently diagnosed MS patients lose their jobs in the first four years after diagnosis. Taking into account the personal and socio-economic importance of sustaining employment, it is of the utmost importance to examine factors involved with work participation. Objective To investigate differences in self-reported functioning in recently diagnosed MS patients with and without a paid job. Methods Self-reports of physical and cognitive functioning, depression, anxiety and fatigue were gathered from 44 relapsing-remitting MS patients diagnosed within 3 years. Results Patients with a paid job (57%) reported better physical functioning (p<0.001), better memory functioning (p = 0.01) and a lower physical impact of fatigue (p = 0.018) than patients without a paid job. Physical functioning was the main predictor of employment status in a logistic regression model. In those with a paid job better memory functioning (r = 0.54, p = 0.005) and a lower social impact of fatigue (r = −0.46, p = 0.029) correlated with an increased number of working hours. Conclusion Better physical functioning is the primary factor involved with increased work participation in early MS. Better self-reported memory functioning and less social fatigue were associated with increased working hours. These findings highlight the importance of battling these symptoms in the early stages of MS.


Ewing sarcoma (ES) was a malignant tumor of bone or soft tissue. One of the few risk factors for developing ES is race, with a higher incidence noted in populations of European rather than African or Asian ancestry. The goal of the current study was to evaluate racial and ethnic differences in presentation and overall survival (OS) among patients diagnosed with ES before age 40 years.


The continued development of the situation in society at large prospective marriage couples who decided to make a marriage agreement. This is because both the men and women capable of generating wealth each and there are many other reasons why it made a pact to marry. Mating agreement is the agreement made by two people (prospective husband and wife) before marriage. Mating Agreement provided for in article 29 of Act No. 1 of 1974 marriage but with the birth of the constitutional court's decision No. 69 / PUU-XIII / 2015 there are some changes in the Marriage Covenant which is still a Pro Cons in society. The problems examined in this study is: how marital agreement in terms of the book of Civil Law. The method used is a normative legal approach. Source materials used law is the source of primary legal materials and sources of secondary legal materials such as books and law legal materials collection techniques performed by the document study reading and studying the legislation regulations. The analysis of legal materials in this study, conducted by processing and analyzing qualitative and descriptive poured. The result of the first conclusion that the arrangement agreement are married in Indonesia in the Act including the Civil Code, the Marriage Act No. 1 of 1974, KHI and the Constitutional Court Decision No. 69 / PUU-XIII / 2016.Keywords: Marriage Agreement; Effects; Legal Approach


The paper is dealing with the formational and semantic analysis of the nouns ending with an -ada in Modern Serbian. The suffix -ada is of foreign origin and occurs in other Slavic and non-Slavic languages (Polish, Czech, Russian, Slovene, English, German, Italian, French etc.). The ending appears in two suffix variants: -ada and -ijada. The second, the enlarged one, is more productive due to its semantic specialization: it serves in formation of nouns meaning happenings, shows, meetings, presentations that imply a certain, higher or lower, degree of contest. The new formations are impacted by older structures like: olimpijada, univerzijada, balkanijada etc. In Modem Serbian, this impact created many derivatives, which sometimes have a quite strange structure. Particularly is numerous the group of derivatives stemming from nouns denoting the culinary art specialties, like: kobasicijada ← kobasica "sausage", slaninijada ← slanina "bacon", kulenijada ← kulen "pork sausage", ro?tiljijada ← ro?tilj "grill" and "grilled meat" etc. Naturally, all of these formations, as well as other similar ones, are stylistically marked and do not belong to the lexical standard. Actually, all of them are the neologisms, or - more precisely - they are in the sphere of individual and occasional language features.


The fifth of a series of articles on the acquisition of scientific literature by libraries in developing countries. Deals with the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Presents the background to these countries and summarizes the development of science and technology in the region. Discusses collection building in the libraries of the region and problems of censorship and finance. Describes methods for the purchase of monographs, journals and continuations, publications of international agencies and nonprint media, including vendor selection and ordering and receipt procedures. The present situation with regard to the use of automation in acquisitions work and the need for centralized and cooperative purchasing are described. Reviews the major problems and suggests possible solutions.


In spite of the ever-increasing prevalence of low-cost, color printing devices, gray-scale printers remain in widespread use. Authors producing documents with color images for any venue must account for the possibility that the color images might be reduced to gray scale before they are viewed. Because conversion to gray scale reduces the number of color dimensions, some loss of visual information is generally unavoidable. Ideally, we can restrict this loss to features that vary minimally within the color image. Nevertheless, with standard procedures in widespread use, this objective is not often achieved, and important image detail is often lost. Consequently, algorithms that convert color images to gray scale in a way that preserves information remain important. Human observers with color-deficient vision may experience the same problem, in that they may perceive distinct colors to be indistinguishable and thus lose image detail. The same strategy that is used in converting color images to gray scale provides a method for recoloring the images to deliver increased information content to such observers.


Health care professionals use case presentations to communicate patient information among themselves during treatment and management. It is a critical genre of performance for medical residents to master for professional success. This genre is characterized by uncertainty and unique rhetorical moves, grammar, vocabulary and discourse strategies. As the format is established but not universal, international medical graduates (IMGs) in the United States anecdotally report case presentations to be the most difficult of communication tasks due to their lack of familiarity with the genre, problems with grammar and vocabulary, and the inability to organize, summarize or articulate their findings into the prescribed, interactive format. Many report crippling anxiety. For communication skills trainers, reviewing the literature in health communication and applied linguistics greatly informs the training of case presentation delivery. This paper describes the communicative tasks required of residents, followed by the components and genre particular to case presentations and how the task is perceived by residents compared to their attending faculty. Next, it explains the linguistic features unique to the task. Finally, it describes an individualized program established to train IMGs to approach the case presentation with the attitude of confidence and the deliberate manner of speaking required for professional discourse.


Insulin signalling at target tissues results in a large array of biological responses. These events are essential for normal growth and development, and for normal homeostasis of glucose, fat and protein metabolism. Elucidating the intracellular events following activation of the insulin receptor and the interactions between the insulin and IGF-1 signalling systems has been the main focus of a large number of investigators, and for excellent reasons. Improved understanding of the signalling pathways involved in insulin action and the impact of IGF-1 on these processes could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes and the identification of key molecules that could lead to newer and more effective therapeutic agents for treating these common disorders that are already an uprising epidemic of the 21st century. This chapter will summarize our current understanding of the molecular basis of insulin action, beginning with outlining key elements that constitute the insulin signalling pathways. Then, impairments in insulin signalling pathways and new paradigms regarding the molecular basis of insulin and IGF-1 resistance will be analysed.


When electric current flows in a solder bump, electromigration generates stress, but creep relaxes it. After some time, the bump develops a steady-state stress field. We present a theory to show that the two processes — electromigration and creep — set an intrinsic length. When the intrinsic length is large compared to the height of the bump, electromigration is fast relative to creep and the steady-state stress field is linearly distributed in the bump. When the intrinsic length is small compared to the height of the bump, electromigration is slow relative to creep and the steady-state stress field nearly vanishes in the bump, except in a thin layer along the boundary of the bump. We further show that a critical electric current exists, below which the bump can sustain the steady-state stress field without forming voids. Theoretical predictions are compared with existing experimental observations.


Humans are social beings. It is therefore not surprising that the social distancing and movement restrictions associated with the Covid-19 pandemic had severe consequences for the well-being of large sections of the population, leading to increased loneliness and related mental diseases. Many people found emotional shelter in online multiplayer games, which have already proven to be great social incubators. While the positive effect games had on individuals has become evident, we are still unaware of how and if games fostered the fundamental need for connectedness that people sought. In other words: how have the social bonds and interaction patterns of players changed with the advent of the pandemic? For this purpose, we analyzed one year of data from an online multiplayer game (League of Legends) to observe the impact of Covid-19 on player assiduity and sociality in three different geographical regions (i.e., Europe, North America, and South Korea). Our results show a strong relationship between the development of Covid-19 restrictions and player activity, together with more robust and recurrent social bonds, especially for players committed to the game. Additionally, players with reinforced social bonds—i.e., people played with similar teammates—were more likely to stay in the game even once the restrictions were lifted.


This paper presents a model of the property of a Wireless detector Network (WSN) deployed over asq. space, that considers border effects. This model supports AN correct analysis of the dependability of the network with and while not node failures. exploitation the planned model we tend to analyse the trade-off between the amount of sensors and their communication vary once deploying a wireless network that's connected with high chance and validate this analysis through simulation experiments. further simulations, considering detector failures, sanctioned that periodic detector redeployments, calculated in line with the planned model, will extend the dependability of WSNs, keeping them connected with high chance. For applications which will face up to temporary network disconnection, we tend to obtained theoretical and experimental proof that the planned model additionally supports the calculation of a less frequent redisposition procedure that has network property at high levels of convenience, finally, extending the approach to a circular formed space.


Clicking behavior is of prominent interest in many research fields. When accessing resources in a Learning Management Systems (LMS), clicks represent implicit feedbacks and carry precious information to improve content and layout, so to increase both the overall user experience (UX) and the resource effectiveness. As differences in age and cultural background are well known to affect the clicking behavior, the study of a homogeneous population allows to fully characterize it within a precisely delimited task. In the following, the pattern of access to learning resources of a group of graduated students involved in a specialized course is derived from log data, estimating its main behavioral stages, called orientation, evaluation and assimilation, and the transition rate from the first one to the next. Some statistics (average session time, total time of fruition and number of sessions) are also derived from the clicking distribution.


This study examines the elite dialectics of Nurul Islam 1 and Al-Qodiri 1 Jember Islamic Boarding School (pesantren) in developing their local curriculum. This study uses qualitative method. A number of data are collected through interview, observation, and documentary techniques. In analyzing the data, researcher uses data reduction, data display, and then find a conclusion. The researcher uses  triangulation method in validating the data. The result of this study shows that the dialectics conducted by elites pesantren in developing local curriculum significantly developed through complementary dialogic way without changing national curriculum as well. The alternative ways in responding supervision and accreditation from the government, they made/served two forms of curriculum, namely national curriculum or government version curriculum and local curriculum or pesantren version curriculum. The dialectic inhibition factor is a guideline that still unclear, causes miscommunication in implementing it; local curriculum evaluates independently; and a complicated division of learning schedule, between activities in pesantren, curricular activities, and extracurricular activities at madrasah.


The increase of energy demand has generated a complexity of electrical network while contributing to the numbers of power losses in the system. This study presents a Distribution Feeder Reconfigurtion (DFR) by using heuristic algorithm which is called as Rank Evolutionary Programming (REP). The main objectives of this study are to improve the computing time and minimize the power losses effectively. The performance of the REP method will be investigated and the impact to the test system IEEE 16-kV distribution network will be analyzed accordingly. The results of this study is hoped to help the engineers in order to secure and increase the efficiency of the real power distribution system in the future.


The paper examines purpose, usage and implications of recently promulgated Indian Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), passed by Indian parliament on 11 December, 2019.The Paper critically examines its impact on Muslim migrators who worked there as low skilled labourer.  They kept to the generational old tradition of migrating to areas where more job opportunities were available. The areas where Muslim and other workers shifted for job became part of India after the partition. The coexistence could be possible due to labour demand, better political tolerability and absence of sense of alienation; being from the same ethnic and racial stock.  Paper focuses on the negative implications of Indian Citizenship Act (CAA) which selectively targets the biggest minority in India. Study finds CAA politically purposeful and doctrinal in nature. Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu far right movement, influenced Prime Minister Modi who leads Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the proponent of Hindu fundamentalism, Hindutva. Hindutva doctrine considers all those who came from outside India; must leave or accept Hindu norms and even conversion to Hinduism; to make India a pure Hindu state. The Act entails the shades of RSS Hindu fundamentalist doctrine. The study concludes that CAA will result in increased insecurity and discontent among minorities in India especially Muslims and will results in an identity crisis. Study recommend positive resolution to alleviate the Muslim population's discontent.


This research is a classroom action research. The objectives of this study are to know
whether audio-visual aids can improve students' speaking skill or not and to know the
strengths and weaknesses in using audio visual aids to improve students' speaking skill in
class I A RSBI SDN Cemara Dua No. 13 Surakarta in academic year 2009 / 2010.
This research was carried out in I A RSBI Class. The procedure of the research consists
of planning, action, observation, and reflection. In this study, the writer was the practitioner
who implemented the use of audio – visual aids in teaching learning process. The data are in
form of qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data are taken from the test
conducted before and after the actions are implemented. The qualitative data are taken from
the result of observation done by the observer while the actions are being carried out.
In this study, the writer found that the problems came from the teacher and the students.
The research showed that the teacher did not apply various teaching techniques It made
students bored in the teaching learning process. She did not involve all students to take role
during teaching learning process, so most of them were passive. The teacher could not
maximize the tools which were available in the classroom, and the time was limited. Beside
from the teacher, the problems also came from the students. They still got difficulties in using
grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It was seen in the process of teaching learning. It
seemed that the students lacked of participation and self confidence in speaking class.
Having collected the data, the writer analyzed the data. In this study, the writer found
that teaching speaking using audio – visual aids can improve students' speaking skill. It could
be seen on students' performance during teaching and learning process. Students became
more active and all students were involved in teaching learning process. It created a better
circumstance. Students were more enthusiastic in joining the lesson, so the class became more
alive. Furthermore, there was also improvement in students' achievement. The mean score in
pre-test 4. 30 increased to 6.16in the second post test. Thus, the result of the research shows
that the use of audio – visual aids can improve students' speaking skill
Practically, the use of audio – visual aids is one of appropriate techniques to improve
students' speaking skill. Through audio – visual aids, the students are more enthusiastic and
more enjoyable in the process of teaching and learning. Teaching speaking using audio –
visual aids gives big chance to the students to speak. There are many kinds of aids that can be
used and explored by the teacher. Those aids can attract the students' courage to speak up.
Teaching speaking using audio – visual also provides an opportunity to develop accuracy,
fluency and keep the learners highly motivated. On the other hand, teachings speaking using
audio – visual aids need a lot of preparation. The teacher must master all the devices in order
to make the teaching and learning process runs well. Due to the budget constraint, some
schools might not have enough audio – visual aids for every classroom.


With Roche's withdrawl of Accutane from the U.S. market in 2009, isotretinoin has only been available in its generic form. Many clinicians fail to realize that for approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a generic medication must have a bioequivalence between 80 percent and 125 percent of that of the innovator product. This potential variability in bioavailability between branded and generic medications is important to keep in mind with isotretinoin, given the implications for achieving a sustained remission in acne patients.


Several clinical disorders are associated with abnormal secretion ofthe antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin (AVP), so that the ability to assay this peptide routinely in plasma and urine would be of considerable value. However, this is not always possible since the basal circulating levels of the hormone, which are of the order of 1 microunit/ml (approximately 25 pg/ml), are below the level of sensitivity of most assay procedures. A relatively specific bioassay employing the water-loaded rat anesthetized with alcohol has been used for many years, but is not sufficiently sensitive for use with unextracted plasma. An extraction and concentration procedure developed for radioimmunoassay (Edwards et al. 1970), based on the adsorption of AVP to porous glass, may be used with the bioassay provided a preliminary precipitation step is carried out. The bioassay may then be used to detect levels of 05 microunit/ml plasma. Nevertheless, the capricious nature of the assay and the small number of samples that can be processed limits its wide clinical application. More recently radioimmunoassays have been developed for AVP which are easier to perform and more specific, in that many biologically active substances, including related peptides such as arginine vasotocin, show little cross-reaction. Their sensitivity varies according to the antiserum used, and for some (Robertson et al. 1970) is comparable with the most sensitive bioassays. Plasma levels of AVP following anesthesia, surgery and hemorrhage have been studied in several species by both bioassay and radioimmunoassay. The results obtained by these two techniques correlate closely. For example, in one series of studies on the release of vasopressin in the cat following hemorrhage, the coefficient of linear correlation was found to be 0-97 (P<0{001, n= 18). However, it was found in most of these studies that the levels determined by radioimmunoassay were consistently some 20-30 microunits/ml higher. This difference was found even when no biological activity was present and probably represents nonspecific interference rather than the presence of biologically inactive fragments. Thus the radioimmunoassay at present is not suitable for the determination of basal levels ofAVP in plasma. Patterns of urinary excretion were followed in an attempt to circumvent this problem. Since urinary levels are generally higher than those in plasma they may provide a more sensitive index of the basal secretion of AVP. The peptide can be extracted from urine and assayed using the same method as employed for plasma. The expected patterns of excretion were found following water loading in patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and water loading, dehydration and smoking in normal subjects. Experiments using both exogenous AVP (Fabian et al. 1969) and exogenous oxytocin (Boyd et al. 1971) indicate that the concentration of the hormone in the urine may provide a better indication of plasma levels than the total amount excreted. If the same holds for endogenous AVP, then measurement of urinary concentration without reference to clearance should be a simple guide to its secretion rate.


Even in science, there is always the human element of using our own assumptions in logic, our feelings, our values and numerous criteria we must deal with. In addition, we often have to include the measurements of tangibles that always need agreed upon subjective judgement to interpret what exactly they mean. The understanding and judgements of other people must inevitably be considered and people use language and create Babel of incoherent possibilities. This paper deals with the various aspects of how to make it possible to overcome the problems of using verbal logic, combining different scale measurements of tangibles and conflicts in group decision-making to make good choices scientifically in the face of complexity and illustrates it with the examples.


— Massive photon-like particles are predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model with a hidden sector accounting for dark matter candidates. They have interactions similar to the photon, are vector bosons, and can be produced together with photons. Most of the present experimental constraints on the dark photon (A) rely on the hypothesis of dominant decays to lepton pairs. The PADME experiment aims at searching for the e+e− → γA process in a positron-on-target experiment, assuming a decay of the A into invisible particles of the hidden sector. The positron beam of the DAΦNE Beam-Test Facility (BTF), produced by the LINAC at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati of INFN, will be used. The core of the experimental apparatus is a fine-grained, high-resolution calorimeter. It will measure with high precision the momentum of the photon in events with no other activity in the detector, thus allowing to measure the A mass as the missing mass in the final state. In about one year data taking, a sensitivity on the interaction strength ( 2 parameter) down to 10−6 is achievable, in the mass region from 1 MeV < MA < 23.7 MeV, running with 6000 positrons in 40 ns long bunches at 550 MeV beam energy. The experiment, now in the construction phase, is planned to run in 2018. The status of the PADME detector and the physics potential of PADME is reviewed.


Probabilistic latent semantic analysis is enhanced with long distance bigram models in order to improve word clustering. The long distance bigram probabilities and the interpolated long distance bigram probabilities at varying distances within a context capture different aspects of contextual information. In addition, the baseline bigram, which incorporates trigger-pairs for various histories, is tested in the same framework. The experimental results collected on publicly available corpora (CISI, Cranfield, Medline, and NPL) demonstrate the superiority of the long distance bigrams over the baseline bigrams as well as the superiority of the interpolated long distance bigrams against the long distance bigrams and the baseline bigram with trigger-pairs in yielding more compact clusters containing less outliers.


: In this study, some new entropic inequalities on sparse representation for pairs of bases are investigated. First, the generalised Shannon entropic uncertainty principle and the generalised Rényi entropic uncertainty principle via new derived Hausdorff – Young inequality are proved. These new derived uncertainty principles show that signals cannot have unlimited concentration related to minimum entropies in pairs of bases. Second, the conditions of uniqueness of sparse representation under minimum entropies are given. This study also demonstrates that the entropic greedy-like algorithms can achieve the ' sparsest ' representation for minimum entropies approximately. Third, the relations between the minimum l 0 solution and minimum entropy are discussed as well. It shows that even if the sparsest representation of l 0 -norm is obtained, the entropy cannot always be the minimum and it is possible that the entropy is limited to a interval. These new derived inequalities will be primarily to contribute to a better understanding of sparse representation in the sense of limited entropic uncertainty bounds. Finally, the experiments are shown to verify the authors ' ideas.


In this paper, we make use of the relations between the braid and mapping class groups of a compact, connected, non-orientable surface N without boundary and those of its orientable double covering S to study embeddings of these groups and their (virtual) cohomological dimensions. We first generalise results of Birman and Chillingworth and of Gon\c{c}alves and Guaschi to show that the mapping class group MCG(N ; k) of N relative to a k-point subset embeds in the mapping class group MCG(S; 2k) of S relative to a 2k-point subset. We then compute the cohomological dimension of the braid groups of all compact, connected aspherical surfaces without boundary. Finally, if the genus of N is greater than or equal to 2, we give upper bounds for the virtual cohomological dimension of MCG(N ; k).


This research used qualitative research type has descriptive analitical characteristic. This location of research used was Kindergarten School ABA Margokaton 2 Seyegan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The data collection was conducted by conducting involved observation, in-depth interview and documentation. Data analysis was conducted by giving meaning towards data of which has been succesfully collected and from the data was drawn conclusion. The result of research was education of religion and moral value through science playing activity in Kindergarten School ABA Margokaton 2 Seyegan by using 5 important components, i.e.: Religionity, Sociality, Trusthworthily, Reponsibility, and Environmental Awareness. Meanwhile the methods used were 8, i.e.: Experiment Method, Demonstration Method, Story-Telling Method, Questioning-Answering Method, Job Tour Method, Singing Method, Project Method, and Task Providing Method. The factor influecing education of religion value and moral value in Kindergarten School ABA Margokaton 2 are: (a) Supporting Factor is influenced by: school environment, teacher, and friend, (b) Impeding Factor is influenced by: lack of coordination between teacher and parent, familial environment, social environment, and advancement of technology.


Software vendors aim to develop software systems that fulfill all functional requirements, are cheap to build in the first place while also being easy to maintain in the future. Over the past decades, several programming and design paradigms have emerged to ensure good design and easy maintenance. Most popular among these are e.g. the concepts of low coupling and high cohesion. A multitude of metrics like LCOM, LCOM2, or LCOM5 were developed to measure high and low cohesion [1,2,3], though there is no consensus which metric captures the notion of cohesion best [4]. Hence, the usefulness of these metrics in the context of quality analysis is unclear [5].


Mitochondria are the "power plants" of eukaryotic cells involved cellular energy metabolism and lead the generation of most of the cellular "energy currency" adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, they have other crucial functions including the control of programmed cell death, iron/sulfur cluster biogenesis and copper and calcium homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is deleterious and leads to degeneration, disease and aging. A number of individual pathways are active in keeping mitochondria functional over longer periods of time and thereby have a strong impact on lifespan. These mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) pathways occur at different molecular and cellular levels and are all limited in their capacity. They do not all work at the same time. Some of them are induced when others fail. Currently, the underlying molecular interaction of pathways and their regulation is only initially elucidated. ...


Hydration is an important aspect of human health, as water is a critical nutrient used in many physiological processes. However, there is currently no clinical gold standard for non-invasively assessing hydration status. Recent work has suggested that permittivity in the microwave frequency range provides a physiologically meaningful metric for hydration monitoring. Using a simple time of flight technique for estimating permittivity, this study investigates microwave-based hydration assessment using a population of volunteers fasting during Ramadan. Volunteers are measured throughout the day while fasting during Ramadan and while not fasting after Ramadan. Comparing the estimated changes in permittivity to changes in weight and the time s fails to establish a clear relationship between permittivity and hydration. Assessing the subtle changes in hydration found in a population of sedentary, healthy adults proves difficult and more work is required to determine approaches suitable for tracking subtle changes in hydration over time with microwave-based hydration assessment techniques.


PURPOSE
To evaluate and compare B1 homogeneity for breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed at 3 T with dual-source radiofrequency (RF) transmission to 1.5-T MR imaging and 3-T MR imaging with quadrature transmission.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This prospective study received institutional review board approval and patients provided informed consent. Women (n = 25; mean age, 53 years; range, 30-68 years) suspected of having breast lesions underwent breast MR imaging examinations on comparable 1.5-T and 3-T clinical systems between February and May 2012. B1 maps were obtained at 1.5 T and at 3 T with quadrature and dual-source RF transmission. Intrabreast differences and differences in mean B1 values between right and left breasts were investigated by using two-sided multivariate analysis of variance with interaction; t tests were used to compare the differences between measured whole-breast mean B1 values and requested B1 values.

RESULTS
With quadrature transmission at 1.5 T and 3 T, the mean B1 values showed a statistically significant difference: left-breast measured B1 was -8.9% of requested B1 value at 1.5 T and -13.7% at 3 T (P < .001), whereas right-breast measured B1 was +5.4% of requested B1 value at 1.5 T (P < .001) and +2.7% at 3 T (P = .01). With dual-source RF transmission at 3 T, mean B1 values across the breasts were not statistically different, nor were the measured B1 values compared with requested B1 values (left breast, -0.6%; right breast, -0.7%). At 3 T with dual-source transmission, slight intrabreast local variations in B1 were recorded.

CONCLUSION
MR imaging at 3 T with dual-source RF transmission offered an overall B1 homogeneity for breast imaging that was better than that obtained at 1.5 T and with quadrature transmission.


Many environmental conflicts involve pollutants such as greenhouse gas emissions that are dispersed through space and cause losses of ecosystem services. As pollutant emissions rise in one place, a spatial cascade of declining ecosystem services can spread across a larger landscape because of the dispersion of the pollutant. This paper considers the problem of anticipating such spatial regime shifts by monitoring time series of the pollutant or associated ecosystem services. Using such data, it is possible to construct indicators that rise sharply in advance of regime shifts. Specifically, the maximum eigenvalue of the variance-covariance matrix of the multivariate time series of pollutants and ecosystem services rises prior to the regime shift. No specific knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the regime shift is needed to construct the indicator. Such leading indicators of regime shifts could provide useful signals to management agencies or to investors in ecosystem service markets.


Annotating videos with object segmentation masks typically involves a two stage procedure of drawing polygons per object instance for all the frames and then linking them through time. While simple, this is a very tedious, time consuming and expensive process, making the creation of accurate annotations at scale only possible for well-funded labs. What if we were able to segment an object in the full video with only a single click? This will enable video segmentation at scale with a very low budget opening the door to many applications. Towards this goal, in this paper we propose a bottom up approach where given a single click for each object in a video, we obtain the segmentation masks of these objects in the full video. In particular, we construct a correlation volume that assigns each pixel in a target frame to either one of the objects in the reference frame or the background. We then refine this correlation volume via a recurrent attention module and decode the final segmentation. To evaluate the performance, we label the popular and challenging Cityscapes dataset with video object segmentations. Results on this new CityscapesVideo dataset show that our approach outperforms all the baselines in this challenging setting.


Single particles were produced in a convective drying process analogous to spray drying, in which, different solids or mixtures of solids were dried from solutions, slurries or pastes as single suspended droplets. The localized chemical and physical structures were analysed, and in some cases, the retention of volatiles monitored. The results were related to experimental conditions, viz.; air temperature, initial solids concentration and the degree of feed aeration. Morphologies of multicomponent mixtures were found to be complex, with the respective migration rates of the solids being dependent on drying temperature. The results are of relevance to dryer optimization and to the optimization of product characteristics, e.g. particle strength or friability, and essential volatiles retention in convective drying.


Abstract The authors investigated popular understandings of cruelty among 103 undergraduates who identified the crudest acts that they had experienced vicariously and personally. The authors also examined the reasons that the cited acts were defined as cruel. Results indicated that most of the vicarious cruel acts involved intense aggression or sexual imposition, whereas personally experienced cruelty was milder, frequently consisting of teasing or gossip. Offense, victim, and perpetrator characteristics were all cited as reasons that acts were considered cruel. The authors also investigated gender differences in reported acts and reasons. Future researchers should address the discrepancies between vicarious and personally experienced cruelty. Findings with regard to personal acts also call for links to the literature on callousness and victimization.


The internal pH of yeast cells was determined by measuring the fluorescence changes of pyranine (8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrene-trisulfonic acid), which was introduced into the cells by electroporation. This may be a suitable procedure for the following reasons. (i) Only minor changes in the physiological status of the cells seemed to be produced. (ii) The dye did not seem to leak at a significant rate from the cells. (iii) Different incubation conditions produced large fluorescence changes in the dye, which in general agree with present knowledge of the proton movements of the yeast cell under different conditions. (iv) Pyranine introduced by electroporation seemed to be located in the cytoplasm and to avoid the vacuole, and therefore it probably measured actual cytoplasmic pH. (v) Correction factors to obtain a more precise estimation of the internal pH are not difficult to apply, and the procedure may be useful for other yeasts and microorganisms, as well as for the introduction of other substances into cells. Values for the cytoplasmic pHs of yeast cells that were higher than those reported previously were obtained, probably because this fluorescent indicator did not seem to penetrate into the cell vacuole.


Candida albicans is a polymorphic fungus that can cause systemic disease in immunocompromised and transplant patients, but is maintained as a commensal in healthy adults mainly through the actions of innate immunity. At low cell density, C. albicans secretes the quorum-sensing molecule, farnesol (FOH) which acts as a virulence factor. Our previous work indicates that FOH alone promotes chemotaxis of macrophages (MΦ) and synergizes with the TLR-2 agonist zymosan to promote MΦ cytokine secretion in vitro. We next determined whether FOH could act similarly to promote inflammatory responses in vivo. After intra-peritoneal injection, FOH increased the numbers of MΦ and neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity compared to untreated or thioglycollate treated mice. FOH treatment increased IL-6 and CCL2 mRNA in peritoneal exudate cells consistent with MΦ activation. In addition, cell surface expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells in the peritoneum were higher in FOH injected mice compared to controls, suggesting FOH may prime antigen presenting cells for T cell activation. Currently we are investigating whether FOH can act as an adjuvant to promote antigen specific, cell mediated or antibody mediated immunity or a combination of both types. Defining the immunostimulatory properties of FOH, a potentially novel adjuvant, will improve strategies for vaccine design that promotes robust immunity against a variety of infectious diseases.


We study the tradeoffs between many-core machines like Intelpsilas Larrabee and many-thread machines like Nvidia and AMD GPGPUs. We define a unified model describing a superposition of the two architectures, and use it to identify operation zones for which each machine is more suitable. Moreover, we identify an intermediate zone in which both machines deliver inferior performance. We study the shape of this ldquoperformance valleyrdquo and provide insights on how it can be avoided.


In 95 patients with known Hb level of the blood before operation the volume of blood lost during neurosurgical operations was determined by the spectrophotometric method based on determination of Hb concentration in the water obtained from washing machine after washing of linen and surgical material, taking into account the contents in the aspirating part of the machine. The mean blood loss in ml was in this material: in supratentorial gliomas 918 in supratentorial meningiomas 1142 in posterior cranial fossa tumours 356 in spinal tumours 487 in operations for prolapsed lumbar disc 259.


I developed a model for spectators of team sporting events in a collectivistic society to explain the relationships among self-directive value, team identification, social capital, and a sense of belonging in the context of being a member of a fan group. I distributed a survey in central Taiwan to 890 people who watched a sporting event for at least 30 minutes per week. The results showed that the model I had developed was supported except that my hypothesis that there would be a relationship between self-directive value and the fans' social capital was only partly supported. Team identification played a fully mediating role and spectator attitudes played a moderating role, in the relationship between self-directive value and fans' social capital. The model accounted for 59% of the variance in sense of belonging, and indicated the possibility, in the collectivist society of Taiwan, of balancing being self-directive and having social needs satisfied as a member of a fan group for a sports team.


We introduce ParK, a new large-scale solver for kernel ridge regression. Our approach combines partitioning with random projections and iterative optimization to reduce space and time complexity while provably maintaining the same statistical accuracy. In particular, constructing suitable partitions directly in the feature space rather than in the input space, we promote orthogonality between the local estimators, thus ensuring that key quantities such as local effective dimension and bias remain under control. We characterize the statistical-computational tradeoff of our model, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by numerical experiments on large-scale datasets.


Restoration of riparian vegetation may reduce nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways while potentially enhancing stream channel complexity. Accordingly, the present study used a paired-site approach to investigate the effects of mature regrowth riparian vegetation on river channel morphology and soil nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus), comparing four sites of degraded (pasture) and reforested reaches. A revised rapid assessment of riparian condition (RARC) was used to validate the site pairings. Riparian soil nutrient and elemental geochemistry were compared between paired sites, along with two parameters of channel width complexity and two for channel slope complexity. The RARC analysis confirmed the validity of the paired site design. The elemental geochemistry results indicated that underlying geology may affect the paired site analyses. Reaches with mature regrowth vegetation had greater channel width complexity but no difference in their riverbed slope complexity. In addition, degraded reaches had higher soil nutrient (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations, potentially indicative of the greater nutrient retention of pasture grass sites compared with mature regrowth forested reaches with less ground cover. Overall, the present study indicates that restoring mature regrowth riparian vegetation may increase river channel width complexity, although it may require canopy management to optimise the nutrient retention potential necessary to maximise the effect of riparian restoration strategies on freshwater environments.


This paper presents an approach to animate elastic deformable materials at interactive rates using space-time adaptive resolution. We propose a new computational model, based on the conventional Hooke's law, that uses a discrete approximation of differential operators on irregular grid. It allows local refinement or simplification of the computational model based on local error measurement. We in effect minimize calculations while ensuring a realistic and scale-independent behavior within a given accuracy threshold. We demonstrate this technique on a real-time virtual liver surgery application.


While it appears that small-population economies were advantageous for growth when Asia's newly industrialized economies (NIEs) were expanding rapidly, we are now seeing a different trend in which large-population countries like China and India have become the most rapidly growing nations in the world. This is true for the BRIC states (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) as a whole. Brazil and Russia also have large populations of over 100 million, and their geopolitical and economic influence is crucial. This is one of the most important features of the present geopolitical economy. The present paper first demonstrates this trend statistically and then proposes the hidden historical law underlying these phenomena. This anti-Malthusian law can be explained by Marxian Optimal Growth Theory, as developed by our research group. This shows that each country experiences its own rapid growth phase over a certain period and finally realizes a higher per capita GDP similar to that of the present advanced nations. Under this trend, GDP balance among countries will become closer to the population balance among countries. It should be a much more equal world.


This paper begins with a discussion and analysis of the relevance of work-based learning to contemporary education and training needs. It then briefly outlines changes in attitudes and approaches to higher education and training in the UK over the past few decades and highlights the new 'learning partnership model' (LPM) as one that offers great potential for the effective development of a wide range of skills. In this context, the authors present a detailed analytical case study of a European-funded Adapt-University for Industry project that sought to identify training needs and to provide guidance and advice on work-based learning opportunities for a variety of Scottish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using Training Needs Analysis, the authors assess the difficulties as well as the opportunities inherent in such projects. The findings illustrate the heterogeneity of the SMEs' training and guidance requirements and highlight the importance of addressing the tension that exists between the different expectations of employers and employees in relation to training needs and benefits.


Managing ecosystems effectively for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services requires to understand how these ecosystems are changing and what are the drivers behind these changes. The resurvey of plant communities sampled some decades ago is increasingly used for this purpose. We used a life‐history trait‐based approach to test a number of hypothesized drivers behind decadal changes (1970–2015) in the herb layer of an ancient broadleaved lowland forest exhibiting contrasted soil and management types, while minimizing potential relocation and observer errors. Process‐based hypotheses were tested using paired comparisons (old vs. new records) of community‐weighted means and conditional inference classification trees for a number of traits across soil and management types. We then investigated how these processes impacted species composition and diversity within stands, among stands and at the entire forest scale, using metrics of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Though they have been continuously managed as regular high forest, managed stands experienced more pronounced vegetation changes than those left unmanaged. This could be directly or indirectly related to modifications in forest harvesting practices since 1970, via light availability at the forest floor, soil disturbance and local N deposition. While forest specialists increased their abundance over the entire forest, managed stands showed the strongest compositional changes, especially on the soil types that were more susceptible to compaction. Increasingly heavy forestry vehicles that drive more frequently across forest stands likely generate microhabitats suitable for ferns, graminoids and N‐demanding forbs and also act as dispersal agents. Species richness of vascular plants increased at both stand (α‐diversity) and forest (γ‐diversity) scales, due to the non‐random, directional colonization by the same suite of species, causing compositional, functional and phylogenetic homogenization among habitats (i.e. decreased β‐diversity). Synthesis. Forest management, via the repeated passing of heavy forestry vehicles, emerged as the key driver of local vegetation changes. By altering canopy structure, it also increased the vulnerability of understories to climate warming and atmospheric deposits. Changes were not only taxonomic, but also functional, suggesting long‐term effects on ecosystem functioning and thus deserve attention from forest managers and conservationists.


The effect of L-pyroglutamic acid, a metabolite that accumulates in pyroglutamic aciduria, on different neurochemical parameters was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. Glutamate binding, adenylate cyclase activity and G protein coupling to adenylate cyclase were assayed in the presence of the acid. L-pyroglutamic acid decreased Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent glutamate binding. Basal and GMP-PNP stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were not affected by the acid. Furthermore, rats received unilateral intrastriatal injections of 10-300 nmol of buffered L-pyroglutamic acid. Vehicle (0.25 M Tris-Cl, pH 7.35-7.4) was injected into the contralateral striatum. Neurotoxic damage was assessed seven days after the injection by histological examination and by weighing both cerebral hemispheres. No difference in histology or weight could be identified between hemispheres. These results suggest that, although capable of interfering with glutamate binding, pyroglutamate did not cause a major lesion in the present model of neurotoxicity.


Immunological effects of interleukin-21 (IL-21) on T-, B-, and NK-cells have been reported, but the role of IL-21 in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that splenocytes from IL-21R−/− mice show attenuated GVHD symptoms as compared to splenocytes from wild type mice. In addition, the survival of mice receiving IL-21R−/− splenocytes is significantly longer than of those receiving wild type splenocytes. Both types of splenocytes appear to efficiently eliminate leukemic cells, suggesting the retention of GVL effects. Our results suggest that CD4 T-cells augment GVHD by autocrine stimulation via IL-21, and that production of IL-17 is downregulated in IL-21R−/− splenocyte recipients. To develop a treatment model in mice, we generated a decoy receptor for IL-21, in which most of the intracellular domain is deleted. Mice receiving bone marrow cells transduced with this decoy receptor survived longer than those receiving cells transduced with an empty retrovirus.These results suggest that IL-21 promotes GVHD and that the blockade of IL- 21 signaling might be a useful treatment for GVHD, without causing loss of the GVL effect.


Convolutional models have been widely used in multiple domains. However, most existing models only use local convolution, making the model unable to handle long-range dependency efficiently. Attention overcomes this problem by aggregating global information but also makes the computational complexity quadratic to the sequence length. Recently, Gu et al. [2021] proposed a model called S4 inspired by the state space model. S4 can be efficiently implemented as a global convolutional model whose kernel size equals the input sequence length. S4 can model much longer sequences than Transformers and achieve significant gains over SoTA on several long-range tasks. Despite its empirical success, S4 is involved. It requires sophisticated parameterization and initialization schemes. As a result, S4 is less intuitive and hard to use. Here we aim to demystify S4 and extract basic principles that contribute to the success of S4 as a global convolutional model. We focus on the structure of the convolution kernel and identify two critical but intuitive principles enjoyed by S4 that are sufficient to make up an effective global convolutional model: 1) The parameterization of the convolutional kernel needs to be efficient in the sense that the number of parameters should scale sub-linearly with sequence length. 2) The kernel needs to satisfy a decaying structure that the weights for convolving with closer neighbors are larger than the more distant ones. Based on the two principles, we propose a simple yet effective convolutional model called Structured Global Convolution (SGConv). SGConv exhibits strong empirical performance over several tasks: 1) With faster speed, SGConv surpasses S4 on Long Range Arena and Speech Command datasets. 2) When plugging SGConv into standard language and vision models, it shows the potential to improve both efficiency and performance.


Marginal rates are frequently analyzed based solely on taxes, without regard to benefit phase-outs that have exactly the same incentive and distributional effects as increasing positive taxes. This myopia reflects the notion, rooted in our current fiscal language, that "taxes" and "spending" are fundamentally different. In fact, however, the difference is purely one of labeling. Among the ill consequences of this confusion between substance and labels is the political unfeasibility of demogrant or negative income tax proposals. These proposals often are criticized for seemingly providing universal and unconditional cash grants. In fact, however, cash grants can be just as conditional or selective as benefits that are labeled as "welfare." Clearer thinking about these matters would expand the realm of politically feasible policy choices, and make excessively high marginal tax rates on people who are escaping poverty easier to avoid.


Introduction: Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infant & toddler age group. Intussusception is the telescoping of one segment of bowel into the contiguous distal segment. Peak age incidence is between 2 months to 3 years of life. Objective of the study: To prove the efficacy of Ultrasound guided saline hydrostatic reduction, a non surgical, non radiation method in the management of intussusception in children. Materials and methods: Fifty-three children in the age group of 2 months to 3 years with clinical diagnosis of intussusception on whom the Ultrasonogram (USG) guided hydrostatic reduction with normal saline were attempted. 500 - 1000 ml of normal saline was used for reduction. High resolution USG (7.5 MHz) was used to assess the progress of reduction during the procedure. Results: Our initial experience in the last six years from April 2007 to March 2013 showed successful reduction in 45 children out of 53 attempted reductions.


PALMER, EDWARD L., Television & America's Children: A Crisis of Neglect. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 194 pp. $18.95. This newest book by Edward L. Palmer was released at a particularly appropriate time in the lengthy debate over children's programming on television. A long-awaited bill addressing broadcasters' responsibilities to children passed the House of Representatives in June 1988. The Senate push for a stronger bill was derailed in October with promises of hearings next year. Thus, although this bill was eventually killed by a pocket veto from President Reagan, the debate is not dead but will emerge as one of the priorities of the 101st Congress. Palmer structures the debate by appraising the current state of children's television as a crisis. He argues for a national policy regarding television programming for children and makes specific suggestions regarding what that policy should be. The crisis is that there is no children's programming on the three major commercial television networks on weekdays when 90% of all child viewing takes place, and the programming, which these networks offer, is almost totally entertainment. The chronically underfunded public television system cannot be expected to shoulder the entire load. And, in the foreseeable future, cable television cannot be expected to serve more than 75% of the population, with the economically disadvantaged most likely remaining unwired. Palmer also draws sharp contrasts between children's programming in the United States and that in Great Britain and Japan, both of which have fewer people but provide more complete educational television service to their children. His purpose is not to suggest that we should adopt another system, but by comparison to point out the weaknesses within our system and to suggest alternatives. Palmer's argument is compelling on a number of levels. He points to the unique, nonthreatening, nonpunitive role that television can play in education, not replacing the school curriculum but preparing for and adding to the work accomplished in the schools. He focuses on Children's Television Workshop and its awardwinning programs "Sesame Street, "Electric Company," and "3-2-1 Contact" as proof of the potential for television to aid in the educational process as a model for the integration of artistic and educational goals. He also notes the costefficiency of using television for education and its social equity. Palmer's proposal is to provide children in four-year age bands with a four-year cycle of age-appropriate educational programming to be viewed each weekday. …


This work is devoted to the experimental demonstration of a novel concept for the generation of femtosecond pulses at the harmonics of the pump repetition rate in a synchronously-pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) with a cavity length longer than the pump cavity length. Near-transform-limited femtosecond pulses at the 14th harmonic of a 76 MHz Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire pump laser, corresponding to 1-GHz repetition-rate, and tunable in the telecommunication wavelength region, are generated in a SPOPO based on a 1-mm-thick periodically-poled LiNbO3 (PPLN). A pair of SF11 prisms internal to the SPOPO cavity is used for the dispersion compensation.


Abstract Background: To compare superb microvascular imaging with power Doppler imaging for evaluating joint lesion scores in rheumatoid arthritis based on high quality clinical cohort or case control studies. Methods: We searched Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database without restrictions of language and publication status. Two investigators will identify relevant trials, extract data, and appraise risk of bias in each eligible trial. Data will be pooled by either a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model according to the results of heterogeneity identification. The primary outcomes include a semi-quantitative scoring system, through which synovial vascularity intensity was evaluated by means of both power Doppler imaging (PDI) and superb microvascular imaging (SMI). This study will only include high quality clinical cohort or case control studies. Statistical analyses were conducted by STATA version 15.1 software. Results: This meta-analysis included 11 studies. A total of 4342 joints were assessed through both SMI and PDI. The pooled summary odds ratio was 2.12 (95% confidence interval = 1.80–2.51) with statistical significance (z = 8.82, P < .01). In subgroup analyses, the results revealed also that SMI exhibited more sensitive performance in different subgroups. We found no evidence for publication bias (t = 0.55, P = .598). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis indicates that SMI ultrasound is more sensitive than conventional PDI in detecting synovitis in RA patients. INPLASY Registration Number: INPLASY202060089.


Intelligent spaces are rooms or areas that are equipped with sensors which enable the spaces to perceive and understand what is happening in them. Intelligent spaces are expected to have a broad range of applications such in homes, offices, factories etc. However, intelligent space itself can not do any physical action. The intelligent space needs agents in the physical world to carry out its actions. We believe that these agents will be mobile robots. In this paper we propose roles and functions which are needed for a mobile robot to be an agent in the intelligent space. We first describe our intelligent space and mobile robot system. A stereo vision system that is capable of tracking the 3D movements of humans and mobile robots in real time is used as the visual sensor of the intelligent space. The mobile robot has ultrasonic sensors which it uses to avoid unexpected obstacles and rotary encoders for simple self-localization. We show several simulation and experimental results.


The curves of temperature relationship of signal intensity (amplitude) with g = 2.02-2.03 may serve as a test for identification of iron-sulfur centres of S-3 and aconitase at different metabolic states of mitochondria in the course of their reduction with various substrates


Using vitrification and encapsulation-vitrification protocols, we successfully cryopreserved shoot apices from in-vitro plants of different Gentiana cultivars (lines). Although both protocols gave high survival percentages after storage in liquid nitrogen, the encapsulation-vitrification protocol had several distinct advantages over the vitrification protocol: (i) survival was higher under optimal conditions, (ii) the range of optimal exposure periods to the plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) was broader, and (iii) regrowth of cryopreserved shoot apices was apparently more vigorous and faster. Shoot apices from ten cultivars/lines of three Gentiana species (G. scabra, G. triflora, and G. pneumonanthe) were successfully cryopreserved using the two protocols with average survival of 49.0 percent and 73.7 percent for vitrification and encapsulation-vitrification, respectively. These results indicate that the two protocols optimized in the present study are promising for cryopreservation of a wide range of Gentiana genetic resources.


Someone who can be regarded as the heir is a person who fulfills the conditions and certain obligations that he is entitled to inherit. In connection with this case, it will be explained regarding liability issues of a child (swadharama). If someone gets inheritance but he has changed his religion then how does the inheritance status. The issue of this research is why the status of land ownership inheritance can be turned into Pelaba Pura land in Balinese folks costumary law and how does the process of inheritance land ownership transfer into a Pelaba Pura land in Balinese folks customary law in traditional village of canggu.
Type of research used was empirical legal research conducted in the village of Canggu. It was a descriptive study. This study used primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques in this research were observation, interview and document study. Data processing and analysis techniques used in this study generally consisted of three stages of data analysis: data reduction, data display, and data verification stage.
Results of the study on the considered problem was that the status of inheritance land ownership can be turned into Pelaba Pura land in in Balinese folks costumary law because of religion change eliminates a person's status as a heir. Only descendants with Kapurusa status were deemed capable of taking care and continuing family's Swadharma (responsibility), both in relation to parahyangan (Hindu's belief), pawongan (Hindus), and palemahan (preservation of the natural environment in accordance with the Hindu's belief). Thus it is the same as the person who left the family responsibilities (ninggal kedaton), and are therefore considered not entitled to inheritance in families. The ownership process of inheritance land that become Pelaba Pura land in customary law community of Canggu Bali. A single heir who has switched religions can no longer be regarded as an heir. Therefore disputed inheritance from the past until now has been dominated by Canggu custom banjar as pengemong and pengempon Khayangan temples of Canggu custom banjar hereditary. In this case the land is used as Pelaba Pura land which proposed sporadically. Existence of land belonging to the temple already has a legal basis, namely by the presence of Government Regulation No. 38 of 1963 On Legal institution to Have Properties of Land which was reaffirmed by the Decree of Home Affairs Ministry of Indonesia SK / 556 / DJA / 1986 on the appointment of Temple As a Religious Legal Entity That Can Have Reserved Land Rights.


We aimed to determine the combined effects of over-expressing FABPpm and CD36 on skeletal muscle fatty acid transport to establish if these transport proteins function collaboratively. Electrotransfection with either FABPpm or CD36 increased their protein content at the plasma membrane (+75% and +64%), increased fatty acid transport rates +24% for FABPpm and +62% for CD36, resulting in a calculated transport efficiency of ~0.019 and ~0.053 per unit protein change for FABPpm and CD36, respectively. We subsequently used these data to determine if increasing both proteins additively or synergistically increased fatty acid transport. Co-transfection of FABPpm and CD36 simultaneously increased protein content in whole muscle (FABPpm, +46%; CD36, +45%) and at the sarcolemma (FABPpm, +41% and CD36, +42%), as well as fatty acid transport rates (+50%). Since the relative effects of changing FABPpm and CD36 content had been independently determined, we were able to a predict a change in fatty acid transport based on the overexpression of plasmalemmal transporters in the co-transfection experiments. This prediction yielded an increase in fatty acid transport of +0.984 and +1.722 pmol/mg prot/15sec for FABPpm and CD36, respectively, for a total increase of +2.96 pmol/mg prot/15sec. This calculated determination was remarkably consistent with the measured change in transport, namely +2.89 pmol/mg prot/15sec. Altogether, these data indicate that increasing CD36 and FABPpm alters fatty acid transport rates additively, but not synergistically, suggesting an independent mechanism-of-action within muscle for each transporter. This conclusion was further supported by the observation that plasmalemmal CD36 and FABPpm did not co-immunoprecipitate.


This article introduces sustainable livelihoods approaches, explaining what they are and how they have emerged. It examines how different organizations have taken up a sustainable livelihoods approach, and considers whether in so doing they have drawn on community development thinking and practice. It is found that community development is largely absent from sustainable livelihoods thinking and contended that part of the reason lies with the locally situated character of community development practice, which makes it difficult for externally driven sustainable livelihoods interventions to systematically incorporate community-level methods and practices. More fundamentally, sustainable livelihoods approaches embody a technocratic development drive, which is at odds with the principles, ethos and values that underpin much community


Abstract Background and aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ECG findings and blood parameters indicative of inflammation and myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients. Methods: The study included 159 females and 194 males. Demographics, ECG findings (axis, rhythm, branch block, ST- and T-wave changes, premature ventricular contractions, early repolarization, S1Q3T3, fragmented QRS [fQRS], rate, PR, QRS, QT interval, QTc, P-wave dispersion) and albumin, D-dimer, ferritin, pro-BNP, procalcitonin, protein, troponin T, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) were recorded. Results: In the study, 45% of the cases were female and 55% were male. The mean age of the included patients was 45.7 ± 24.4 years. The most frequent comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension (HT) in both groups. The incidence of fQRS on the 1st day was significantly higher in patients with negative COVID-19 test (23% for positive RT-PCR versus 35.6% for negative RT-PCR, p = 0.016). QTc values on the 3rd and 5th day were significantly higher in patients with negative RT-PCR (p = 0.045 and p = 0.042, respectively). Albumin and procalcitonin were significantly higher in patients with positive COVID-19 test results (p = 0.018 and p <0.001, respectively). Patients with fragmented QRS presented significantly lower serum albumin (40.62 ± 4.73 g/L vs. 42.92 ± 3.72 g/L, p = 0.01), and protein levels (p = 0.02), as well as lower lymphocyte count, and significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (47.01 ± 65.01 mg/L vs. 24.55 ± 44.17 mg/L, p = 0.001), D-dimer (p = 0.009), neutrophil count, pro-BNP (p = 0.004), troponin T (p <0.001), NRL and CAR (1.28 ± 1.83 versus 0.6 ± 1.11, p <0.001). Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19 infection presented significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, neutrophil, pro-BNP, procalcitonin, troponin T, NLR, and CAR, and significantly lower levels of albumin, lymphocyte count, and serum proteins, indicating the level of inflammation and its relationship with myocardial injury. Further follow-up studies are required, on larger patient sets, for the development of risk prediction tools in COVID-19 patients.


Summary Unemployment rates are insufficient indicators of the level of economic activity because they say little about the scale of non-employment in a given working-age population. Empirical research has started to recognize this and policy debates increasingly concentrate on working-age inactivity as a relevant gauge of the state of labour markets (OECD, 2003). However, the causes for transitions between employment and different states of non-employment are not well understood. Why do levels of working-age inactivity sometimes vary significantly across countries and over time? Apart from stages in the business cycle, welfare-state institutions and benefit designs can be assumed to influence movements into and out of labour markets and between different states of nonemployment. This paper investigates the impact of changes in welfare-state institutions in the UK and Germany. Analyses of longitudinal data show that economic conditions, as well as policy changes, have had significant effects on transitions between labour activity and inactivity among working-age men during the 1990s. In particular, the findings suggest that shifts to more means-tested benefit arrangements can have unintended consequences, in terms of increasing levels of labour-market detachment.


Objectives
Either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH) can be used to determine human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Breast cancers (BCs) with HER2 IHC-negative (IHC-) and ISH-amplified (ISH+) results have been rarely reported but not well studied. We investigated the frequency of HER2 IHC-/ISH+ BCs and their response to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods
Seventeen BCs with HER2 IHC-/ISH+ results were identified from 1,107 consecutive invasive BCs (1.5%, 17/1,107).

Results
Gene protein assay confirmed the original HER2 IHC and ISH results. Increased HER2 RNA level was detected in HER2 IHC-/ISH+ cases compared with HER2 IHC-/ISH- cases. Eight patients had anti-HER2 NAC; three had pathologic complete response, and five had residual tumors.

Conclusions
A small percentage of patients (1.5%) showed discordant HER2 IHC and ISH results (IHC-/ISH+) and would have lost the opportunity for potentially beneficial anti-HER2-targeted therapy if only HER2 IHC testing had been used.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the therapeutic results after various kinds of partial laryngectomy for patients with glottic carcinoma of the larynx.

METHODS
From January 1980 to Mar 2004, 98 patients with glottic carcinoma of the larynx were treated by various kinds of partial laryngectomy. The types of operation varied according to stage of the lesion: vertical or frontovertical partial laryngectomy for T1b, T2 and T1a with invasion of anterior commissura, Tuker's operation or supracricoid partial laryngectomy for T1b, T2 or those with invasion of over half of contralateral cord, and extended vertical partial laryngectomy with resection of arytenoids for T3, or with invasion of ipsilateral arytenoids cartilage without involving postcricoid mucosa or posterior commissura. Totally, vertical partial laryngectomy was carried out for 76 patients, extended vertical partial laryngectomy for 7, supracricoid partial laryngectomy for 3 and Tucker's operation for 12. One stage unilateral neck dissection was performed in 5 patients and postoperative radio-therapy was supplemented to 5 (dose 60 Gy). For laryngeal function restoration, pectoro-hyomyo-flap and cricohyoidoepi glotopexy procedures were also performed for some patients. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS
The 3- and 5-year survival rate was 86.5% (64/74) and 81.7% (49/60), respectively. The total decannulation rate was 94.9% (93/98), though fifteen patients had had symptoms of aspiration. Swallowing function of all patients recovered to the normal level. The phonation of all patients was restored to various degrees and they were able to communicate socially.

CONCLUSION
The 3- and 5-year survival rates of partial laryngectomy for patients with glottic carcinoma of the larynx are comparable to the results achieved by total laryngectomy, but the quality of life of the patents much better. Complete resection of the tumor and simultaneous preservation of respiratory and vocal function whenever possible by partial laryngectomy is very important for improving patients' life quality. With a suitable size and good blood supply, the sternohyoid muscle flap of unipedical and half-thickness instead of whole thickness is ideal in the reconstruction of laryngeal defect after vertical partial laryngectomy.


This paper investigates whether the partner's social insurance coverage affects spousal labor supply. Using a reform which increased the sickness insurance coverage for non-government workers, the spousal elasticity of sick days with respect to the partner's benefit is estimated to 0.4. Additional analysis indicates that the partner's insurance coverage is partly affecting spousal labor supply through an insurance effect and the overall effect is particularly large among low income families. Joint leisure is not found to have an effect on the overall effect. We conclude that spouses pool their supply of la-bor. Thus if policy evaluations ignore spousal interactions they will underestimate the effect.


To truly understand the mechanisms through which resveratrol exerts its biological effects, the key direct interactions between resveratrol and its target biomolecules must be identified. With an increasing number of biochemical tools to measure and quantify direct physical interactions between biomolecules, there have been around 20 proteins identified as having a specific affinity to resveratrol to date. Resveratrol has been described as a promiscuous molecule, and one would expect it to bind with numerous proteins, which would help explain why resveratrol appears to have so many health benefits and has been shown to act upon various different pathways related to a diverse range of conditions. The aim of this review is to present the direct protein targets of resveratrol that are currently known and highlight the consequences of direct binding and the methods used to identify the nature of these interactions.


Normal hemostasis is a dynamic system that gradually evolves throughout intrauterine life in the fetus, the neonate and then during childhood toward the adult state, and it always remains well balanced at every age of life. Fetal hemostasis was mainly studied from mid-pregnancy to birth on blood obtained by direct puncture of the umbilical vein under high-resolution real-time ultrasound. Primary hemostasis is efficient from the first trimester of intrauterine life to birth. Fetal platelet counts are similar to that observed in adult with a complete expression of major platelet glycoproteins and antigens, explaining the possibility of early thrombocytopenia in case of alloimmunization. Plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor and high molecular weight multimers also contribute to an efficient primary hemostasis explaining the short bleeding time in newborn. Prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and thrombin clotting time, are prolonged in fetuses throughout intrauterine life, and this is explained by low levels of vitamin K-dependent factors (II, VII, IX, and X), contact factors (XI, XII, prekallikrein, and high molecular-weight kininogen), factors V, VIII and fibrinogen. Low levels of antithrombin III, protein C and protein S, heparin cofactor II, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor are also found, probably contributing to a satisfactory hemostatic balance. An increase in factor levels is observed after the thirty-fourth week of intrauterine life for most of the coagulation activators and inhibitors, but only factors V and VIII reached adult values at birth. The fibrinolytic activity is increased in the fetus and variable in neonate despite low plasminogen levels. During the last month of intrauterine life and in the first hours following delivery, important modifications of the coagulation system occur due to a significant hepatic maturation. In healthy fetuses or neonates, this particular hemostatic equilibrium provides a good protection from hemorrhage and thrombosis. However, the immaturity of the hemostatic system in the very youngs particularly if premature, does leave them vulnerable to some disorders, such as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn due to vitamin K deficiency or disseminated intravascular coagulation


This article claims that some familiar properties of phrase structure reflect laws of form. It is shown that optimal sequencing of recursive Merge operations so as to dynamically minimize c-command and containment relations in unlabeled branching forms leads to structural correlates of projection. Thus, a tendency for syntactic structures to pattern according to the X-bar schema (or other shapes exhibiting endocentricity and maximality of 'non-head daughters') is plausibly an emergent epiphenomenon of efficient computation. The specifier-head-complement configuration of X-bar theory is shown to be intimately connected to the Fibonacci sequence, suggesting connections with similar mathematical properties in optimal arboration and optimal packing elsewhere in nature.


The heteroepitaxial yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) films on Si(001) substrates with various nano-grade thicknesses from 1.5 to 145 nm were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Both the thermal coefficient mismatch and lattice constant mismatch effects on the high-thermal- and lattice-mismatch YSZ/Si(001) films have been studied mainly by the high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The curvatures and in-plane and out-of-plane lattice constants of film and substrate were measured by the high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The experimental radius of the overall curvature has a good agreement with the thermal coefficient mismatch model, indicating that the thermal residual stress ~1.7 GPa is the main stress source in this kind of film system. Furthermore, the film mosaic structure shows a fan-like uniform tilt with a radius in the inversed direction with respect to that of substrate. The huge tension stress of thermal coefficient mismatch provides an enhanced effect on the intrinsic mosaic dispersion of film geometrically. A possible misfit dislocation distribution was described for the huge mosaic tilt.


We investigated the capabilities of a canopy height model (CHM) derived from aerial photographs using the Structure from Motion (SfM) approach to estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) in a tropical forest. Aerial photographs and airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were simultaneously acquired under leaf-on canopy conditions. A 3D point cloud was generated from aerial photographs using the SfM approach and converted to a digital surface model (DSMP). We also created a DSM from airborne LiDAR data (DSML). From each of DSMP and DSML, we constructed digital terrain models (DTM), which are DTMP and DTML, respectively. We created four CHMs, which were calculated from (1) DSMP and DTMP (CHMPP); (2) DSMP and DTML (CHMPL); (3) DSML and DTMP (CHMLP); and (4) DSML and DTML (CHMLL). Then, we estimated AGB using these CHMs. The model using CHMLL yielded the highest accuracy in four CHMs (R2 = 0.94) and was comparable to the model using CHMPL (R2 = 0.93). The model using CHMPP yielded the lowest accuracy (R2 = 0.79). In conclusion, AGB can be estimated from CHM derived from aerial photographs using the SfM approach in the tropics. However, to accurately estimate AGB, we need a more accurate DTM than the DTM derived from aerial photographs using the SfM approach.


A robust motion control system is essential for the linear motor (LM)-based direct drive to provide high speed and high-precision performance. This paper studies a systematic control design method using fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (FNTSM) for an LM positioner. Compared with the conventional nonsingular terminal sliding mode control, the FNTSM control can guarantee a faster convergence rate of the tracking error in the presence of system uncertainties including payload variations, friction, external disturbances, and measurement noises. Moreover, its control input is inherently continuous, which accordingly avoids the undesired control chattering problem. We further discuss the selection criteria of the controller parameters for the LM to deal with the system dynamic constraints and performance tradeoffs. Finally, we present a robust model-free velocity estimator based on the only available position measurements with quantization noises such that the estimated velocity can be used for feedback signal to the FNTSM controller. Experimental results demonstrate the practical implementation of the FNTSM controller and verify its robustness of more accurate tracking and faster disturbance rejection compared with a conventional NTSM controller and a linear H∞ controller.


Satellite cells are a small cell population that function as muscle-specific adult stem cells. When muscle damage occurs, these cells are able to activate, proliferate, and ultimately fuse with each other in order to form new myofibers or fuse with existing ones. For tissue engineering applications, obtaining a sufficient number of myoblasts prior transplantation that maintains their regenerative capacity is critical. This can be obtained by in vitro expansion of autologous satellite cells. However, once plated, the self-renewal and regenerative capacity of myoblasts is rapidly lost, obtaining low yields per biopsy. For this purpose, we evaluated in vitro culture of the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 and mouse primary myoblasts with chitosan and chitosan/poly-octanoic acid 2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl ester blends (poly(OTE)). The films of chitosan/poly(OTE) blends were heterogeneous and slightly rougher than chitosan and poly(OTE) films. Poly(OTE) presence improved myoblast adhesion in both cell types and prevented complete differentiation, but maintaining their differentiation potential in vitro. We identified that the polymer blend chitosan/poly(OTE) could be a suitable substrate to culture satellite cells/myoblasts in vitro preventing differentiation prior transplantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 118-130, 2017.


Purpose A newly developed head-mounted perimeter termed "imo" enables visual field (VF) testing without a fixed head position. Because the positional relationship between the subject's head and the imo is fixed, the effects of head position changes on the test results are small compared with those obtained using a stationary perimeter. However, only ocular counter-roll (OCR) induced by head tilt might affect VF testing. To quantitatively reveal the effects of head tilt and OCR on the VF test results, we investigated the associations among the head-tilt angle, OCR amplitude and VF testing results. Subjects and methods For 20 healthy subjects, we binocularly recorded static OCR (s-OCR) while tilting the subject's head at an arbitrary angle ranging from 0° to 60° rightward or leftward in 10° increments. By monitoring iris patterns, we evaluated the s-OCR amplitude. We also performed blind spot detection while tilting the subject's head by an arbitrary angle ranging from 0° to 50° rightward or leftward in 10° increments to calculate the angle by which the blind spot rotates because of head tilt. Results The association between s-OCR amplitude and head-tilt angle showed a sinusoidal relationship. In blind spot detection, the blind spot rotated to the opposite direction of the head tilt, and the association between the rotation angle of the blind spot and the head-tilt angle also showed a sinusoidal relationship. The rotation angle of the blind spot was strongly correlated with the s-OCR amplitude (R2≥0.94, p<0.0001). A head tilt greater than 20° with imo causes interference between adjacent test areas. Conclusions Both the s-OCR amplitude and the rotation angle of the blind spot were correlated with the head-tilt angle by sinusoidal regression. The rotated VF was correlated with the s-OCR amplitude. During perimetry using imo, the change in the subject's head tilt should be limited to 20°.