This practice-based project explores the change leadership capabilities required in the English National Health Service (NHS) to undertake large scale change across complex environments. Due to a plurality of perspectives in the academic literature and limited empirical evidence about the mechanisms of major change, uncertainty exists about the nature of these capabilities and how NHS leaders can be supported to develop and apply them.

The context for this research is the work of a team who design and deliver professional development programmes for those seeking to undertake transformations across NHS services. Through insider action research, cycles were used to build the knowledge and collective intent required by the team to guide their on-going programme design activities between May 2016 and May 2018. During this period the research supported the team's delivery of seven development programmes, reaching over 400 individuals engaged in transformational change.

The research assisted the team in the creation, adaptation and testing of programme content and designs. Mixed methods were used to help the team engage in reflective discussions, undertake collaborative design activities and review participant programme evaluations. In parallel, inductive enquiries aided the team's understanding of transformational change by exploring the experiences of change experts and previous programme participants.

The research resulted in the refinement of a framework categorising major change leadership activities, underpinned by a new action-oriented model of transformation. Key aspects of change praxis were described through a definition of transformational change and a guide to the principles of effective change practice. Programme designs also came to explicitly emphasise the interdependency of content areas and encourage change leaders to establish their own theories of practice within which they could adopt mutually reinforcing actions.

Within the team, the collective understanding of members' tacit perspectives on transformation and associated pedagogical practices was enhanced. This created new insight into the factors contributing to complexity and greater awareness of some of the paradoxes shaping programme design decisions. Views on change leadership also evolved. The importance of trust building and cultural change as enablers of transformation were highlighted. Similarly, the value of creating increased connections between people in the system undergoing change whilst supporting their alignment around a common purpose was also recognised. Further, leadership was suggested to include the navigation of the tensions and uncertainties encountered in transformation, appreciating the cognitive and affective demands of change at scale on both those involved in the change and those leading the change process.


Solutions of the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) equations provide an affordable route to understanding the electronic dynamics that underpins many spectroscopic techniques. From the solutions of the RT-TDDFT equations, it is possible to extract optical absorption and circular dichroism spectra, as well as descriptions of charge transfer and charge transport dynamics. In order to apply RT-TDDFT to increasingly large systems, it is necessary to develop methods to overcome computational bottlenecks. One current bottleneck is the [Formula: see text] cost required to form the time propagator for the RT-TDDFT equations, because of the full matrix diagonalization that is required at each time step. Here, we present a (semi)diagonalization-free formation of the propagator based on a nonrecursive Chebyshev polynomial expansion. The Chebyshev expansion relies only on matrix multiply operations which have lower computational cost and are furthermore extremely parallelizable. We demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the Chebyshev approach, and then discuss the favorable scaling of the method, compared to traditional approaches based on matrix diagonalization. The Chebyshev expansion method should enable the application of RT-TDDFT methods to large systems such as nanocrystals and biomolecules.


Sharing patient medical history can be inconvenient and unreliable. Massive strides have been made to address the wasteful aspects of healthcare today, but hospitals and healthcare providers are still searching for ways to improve the efficiency of medical image sharing. To ensure that a patient's historical medical images can be promptly accessed by all caregivers, a solution architecture is needed that anticipates and supports the need for images to be available along with the rest of the patient's required medical history. Healthcare facilities can quickly and affordably use existing technologies, combined with a unified approach for sharing images to greatly improve transitions of care for their patients. Images would no longer need to be burned on to CDs and transported.


According to l 2 Kings, Manasseh was the worst king of Judah; moreover, his deeds angered the deity to the extent that God's response to them was an irrevocable sentence of punishment against Judah. Consequently, the account of his reign is one of the most important pieces in l 2 Kings and one of the most important test cases for any comprehensive theory about the redactional history of the Book of Kings. Does this account support or contradict the idea that there was a basic and comprehensive historiographico/theological work (dtr-H) that was reinterpreted and partially reshaped by two redactional traditions, one »prophetic« oriented (dtr-P) and the other »Torah« (Deuteronomy) oriented (dtr-N)?


The possibility of the achievement of a high concentration, NH− of negative hydrogen ions in low-voltage cesium–hydrogen discharge plasma is investigated. The H− concentration is determined from the experimentally measured absorption of laser radiation in the discharge plasma. It is shown that the H− concentration NH−~1012–1013 cm−3 may be obtained in the discharge plasma if the plasma electron temperature Te≈0.5–1 eV. A comparison between the discharge theory and the experiments was fulfilled. It is shown that experimental results coincide well with theoretical calculations.


In the article, devoted to the study of the novel of I.S. Turgenev «Fathers and sons», the issue of «family circle» of the Bazarovs is viewed, the relationship of parents with their son in his infant-childhood is reconstructed, the influence of the «Spartan ethics» of the father, and of love, «lullaby of overfeeding» of the mother on the formation of psychomental structure of the personality of the hero is traced. In the light of psychoanalysis and the «practical theory» of alexithymia, the reasons for Bazarov's restrained attitude to parents are revealed; the son returns to them that they unwittingly, without suspecting it, in love to him and in cares of him in him generated: meager empathy, stereotype of thinkng and language enslavement, actions on «archaic algorithm», «idiosyncrasy», painful reaction to all poetically sublime. Childhood thus left in the life of the hero almost no creative «memory trace». Unlike the heroes of F. M. Dostoevsky at Bazarov was not «sacred and precious memories», carried by him in life from childhood and grace echoed in his heart. Between father's house and Bazarov lies the psychological abyss, dug by the parents. Therefore, it is clear that he does not hurry to return home: he circles near the «mother's hearth», but does not go home for a long time, does not come even on his angel's day, when his mother and father are especially waiting for him. For Bazarov parental home associated with a sense of boredom. Alexithymic Bazarov, who performs mechanical actions, does not find a place where there was a reunion with the soul, the body begins to take revenge and «talk» with him about symptoms of the disease. Parental home is for Bazarov «phobic» place that awakens in the consciousness of the hero images and states of boredom, emptiness, darkness, symbolically fixed in his last perception of the outgoing life – death: «Now... darkness...»


Communication involves the actual use of language in real. As we have known that language is the main medium for communication. One of the important thing to develop the effective communication is by packaging the structure of information. There are two basic elements in the information, they are: theme and rheme. Theme had been considered as the known information and the rheme absolutely had been considered as new information. This paradigm based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Halliday considers language as having three main functions: (1) the ideational function; (2) the interpersonal function; and (3) the textual function. This paper will focus in the textual function and "clause as a message". Arabic language has a unique structure of clauses, we can find two basic notions (mubtada'+khabar) and (fi'l+fa'il), in the other hand, semantically, we can find (musnad+musnad ilaih), so this article tried to find the correlation between the structure of Arabic clauses with (theme+rheme) construction. This article also will find out the kinds of theme in Arabic language (multiple themes, clause as themes, and predicated themes). Theme as an initial element in SFL should be described by looking the rheme in the text. The method in this research was divided into three parts: (1) collecting the data from the book of Modern Written Arabic and also some articles in the Arabic-Javanese translation book Bidayah al-Hidayah, the data is the clauses with nominal and verbal initial; (2) analysis data, using the descriptive analysis and distributional method; and (3) reporting the data (formal and informal). The result of this article had concluded that there is a near connection between (mubtada'+khabar), (fi'l+fa'il), and (musnad+musnad ilaih) with the theme and rheme construction based on the SFL theory.


A two year old boy presented with precocious puberty associated with hepatoblastoma. Serum concentrations of beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein were raised. An aggressive chemotherapeutic regimen resulted in useful palliation and interesting changes in the beta human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations. In contrast to a previous report, the ultrastructure of the tumour showed frequent Golgi apparatus but no other electron dense membrane bound vesicles.


When, scarcely five years after its advent, the movement of aid societies for the relief of soldiers wounded in battle in international wars, set out to examine what should their activities be in peacetime, many debates were opened up as to the feasibility of broadening their field of action to other warlike settings and disasters. The following is an examination of how these debates developed, providing evidence that (a) the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) defended its position not to incorporate civil aims into the humanitarian purposes of the Red Cross international movement until after the First World War; and (b) different national societies and committees of the Red Cross, disagreeing with this position, defended, within the framework of emergent paradigms in hygiene and public health, the care of the sick poor, and were involved as early as the 1870s and 1880s in first-aid to the sick and wounded in everyday life as well as in relief of disasters both natural and caused by famine.


OBJECTIVE
Sexual minority individuals are exposed to traumatic harms unique to the shared cultural experience of living under conditions of identity-based stigma, discrimination, and marginalization. However, the context and characteristics by which this culture shapes traumatic experiences among sexual minority people are poorly specified in the research literature, leaving even well-intentioned mental health professionals inadequately prepared to treat sexual minority trauma survivors in a culturally affirming, tailored, and evidence-based manner.

METHOD
To begin to address this gap, we conducted a thematic analysis of descriptions of 52 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) Criterion A (traumatic) events described by sexual minority participants during administration of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5.

RESULTS
Probing for identity relatedness of Criterion A trauma produced a rich and reliable (κ = .83-.86) coding scheme reflecting the cultural context and characteristics of these experiences.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians working with sexual minority and other marginalized trauma survivors should specifically assess for the role of culture in traumatic experiences to inform case conceptualization and treatment plans supporting recovery of the whole survivor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Web Services are web-based applications made available for web users or remote Web-based programs. In order to promote interoperability, they publish their interfaces in the so-called WSDL file and allow remote call over the network. Although Web Services can be used in different ways, the industry standard is the Service Oriented Architecture Web Services that doesn't rely on the implementation details. In this architecture, communication is performed through XML-based messages called SOAP messages. However, those messages are prone to attacks that can lead to code injection, unauthorized accesses, identity theft, etc. This type of attacks, called XML Rewriting Attacks, are all based on unauthorized, yet possible, modifications of SOAP messages. We present in this paper an explanation of this kind of attack, review the existing solutions, and show their limitations. We also propose some ideas to secure SOAP messages, as well as implementation ideas.


Abstract Occlusion of the stem vasculature by microorganisms that proliferate in the vase water, or the plant vessels, leads to water stress symptoms that reduce postharvest quality of cut flowers. This study aimed to determine the effects of pulsing and wet-cold storage on the microbial profiles in cut Gladiolus grandiflorus L. cv. Fado. Pulsing treatments of 600-ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate plus 5% sucrose solution versus distilled water were administered before wet cold storage periods of 0-5 days in cut Gladiolus, previously grown from corms under open field. A two-by-six factorial experiment embedded in a completely randomized design with four replicates was accomplished. Proc GLM in two-way Anova was adopted, and the means were separated using Tukey's test at a 5% level of significance. The pulsing treatment of 600 ppm 8-HQS plus 5% sucrose, the wet cold storage duration and their interactive effects significantly (P˂0.0209; ˂0.0001 and ˂0.0001 respectively) affected the means of the colony-forming units in the vase water of cut Gladiolus at senescence. The prolonged vase life of cut gladioli spikes was associated with decreased microbial proliferation as influenced by pulsing and wet storage duration of up to 4 days. Data generated from this study will improve existing technologies related to the quality and market value of this Gladiolus cultivar.


Seedlings of seven temperate tree species (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Betula pendula Roth, Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Juglans regia L., Quercus petraea Matt. Liebl. and Quercus robur L.) were grown in a nursery under neutral filters transmitting 45% of incident global irradiance. During the second or third year of growth, leaf photosynthetic capacity (i.e., maximal carboxylation rate, Vcmax, maximal photosynthetic electron transport rate, Jmax, and dark respiration, Rd) was estimated for five leaves from each species at five or six leaf temperatures (10, 18, 25, 32, 36 and 40 degrees C). Values of Vcmax and Jmax were obtained by fitting the equations of the Farquhar model on response curves of net CO2 assimilation (A) to sub-stomatal CO2 mole fraction (ci), at high irradiance. Primary parameters describing the kinetic properties of Rubisco (specificity factor, affinity for CO2 and for O2, and their temperature responses) were taken from published data obtained with spinach and tobacco, and were used for all species. The temperature responses of Vcmax and Jmax, which were fitted to a thermodynamic model, differed. Mean values of Vcmax and Jmax at a reference temperature of 25 degrees C were 77.3 and 139 micromol m(-2) s(-1), respectively. The activation energy was higher for Vcmax than for Jmax (mean values of 73.1 versus 57.9 kJ mol(-1)) resulting in a decrease in Jmax/Vcmax ratio with increasing temperature. The mean optimal temperature was higher for Vcmax than for Jmax (38.9 versus 35.9 degrees C). In addition, differences in these temperature responses were observed among species. Temperature optima ranged between 35.9 and above 45 degrees C for Vcmax and between 31.7 and 43.3 degrees C for Jmax, but because of data scatter and the limited range of temperatures tested (10 to 40 degrees C), there were few statistically significant differences among species. The optimal temperature for Jmax was highest in Q. robur, Q. petraea and J. regia, and lowest in A. pseudoplatanus and F. excelsior. Measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that the critical temperature at which basal fluorescence begins to increase was close to 47 degrees C, with no difference among species. These results should improve the parameterization of photosynthesis models, and be of particular interest when adapted to heterogeneous forests comprising mixtures of species with diverse ecological requirements.


This paper deals with the navigation of a mobile robot in an unknown environment. The approach developed is based on the Artificial Potential Field (APF) method in which the target creates a virtual potential that attracts the robot while obstacles create a virtual potential that repels the robot. A new form of repelling potential is proposed in order to reduce oscillations and to avoid conflicts when the target is close to obstacles. A rotational force is integrated as well, allowing for a smoother trajectory around the obstacles. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Plant resistance characteristics are closely related to changes in the activities of self-defense enzymes after infection. Despite significant differences in the resistance of different lily (Lilium sp.) cultivars to leaf blight (Botrytis elliptica), few studies of their resistance physiology exist. This study explored changes in the resistance-related enzyme activity of several lily cultivars after leaf blight inoculation. Seven oriental lily cultivars (Lilium hybrids) with obvious differences in resistance were used as experimental materials. After inoculation with B. elliptica, the activities of four defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and peroxidase (POD), were determined according to the light absorption values at different wavelengths after their reactions. The results showed that the activities of SOD and CAT differed between the highly resistant and highly susceptible hybrids. Before inoculation, SOD activity was relatively low in all cultivars. However, after inoculation, the SOD activity increased sharply in the resistant cultivars. In the moderately resistant cultivars, the SOD activity did not change drastically. In the susceptible cultivars, the SOD activity initially showed slight increases or decreases and then increased. CAT activity showed reactions similar to those of SOD. Some changes in PAL and POD activity occurred after inoculation, but no significant correlations were present between these trends and resistance characteristics. In addition, no significant changes in enzyme activities were found in the control plants of the seven cultivars during the testing period. Overall, the resistance of Lilium oriental hybrids to B. elliptica is related to SOD and CAT activity but does not show much of a relationship with PAL and POD activity. Studying the physiological metabolic pathways of SOD and CAT appears to be an important direction in research to elucidate resistance to B. elliptica in Lilium oriental hybrids.


Objective Evaluate and model the advantage of a situation awareness (SA) supported by an augmented reality (AR) display for the ground-based joint terminal attack Controller (JTAC), in judging and describing the spatial relations between objects in a hostile zone. Background The accurate world-referenced description of relative locations of surface objects, when viewed from an oblique slant angle (aircraft, observation post) is hindered by (1) the compression of the visual scene, amplified at a lower slang angle, (2) the need for mental rotation, when viewed from a non-northerly orientation. Approach Participants viewed a virtual reality (VR)-simulated four-object scene from either of two slant angles, at each of four compass orientations, either unaided, or aided by an AR head-mounted display (AR-HMD), depicting the scene from a top-down (avoiding compression) and north-up (avoiding mental rotation) perspective. They described the geographical layout of four objects within the display. Results Compared with the control condition, that condition supported by the north-up SA display shortened the description time, particularly on non-northerly orientations (9 s, 30% benefit), and improved the accuracy of description, particularly for the more compressed scene (lower slant angle), as fit by a simple computational model. Conclusion The SA display provides large, significant benefits to this critical phase of ground-air communications in managing an attack—as predicted by the task analysis of the JTAC. Application Results impact the design of the AR-HMD to support combat ground-air communications and illustrate the magnitude by which basic cognitive principles "scale up" to realistically simulated real-world tasks such as search and rescue.


Abstract This paper deals in a qualitative discourse analysis with the role of Islamic organizations in welfare delivery in Germany and the Netherlands. Referring to Jonathan Fox's "secular–religious competition perspective", the paper argues that similar trends of exclusion of Islamic organizations from public social service delivery can be explained with discourses on Islam in these two countries. The analysis, first, shows that in the national competitions between religious and secular ideologies on the public role of religion, different views are dominant (i.e., the support for the Christian majority in Germany and equal treatment of all religions in the Netherlands) which can be traced back to the respective regimes of religious governance. However, and second, when it comes to Islam in particular, in the Netherlands, the perspective of restricting all religions from public sphere prevails which leads to the rather exclusivist view on Islamic welfare that dominates in Germany, too.


The velocity of micro finance among User Groups in Delta State was investigated Snow ball sampling technique was adopted in selecting 15 micro finance Users Groups for the study A five – year panel data (2000 – 2004) was collected with the aid of questionnaire Data collected was analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics, efficiency model, regression and correlation models. The result of the study shows that a mean of N18,655.33 was discoursed to each member as loan, while a mean of N14,965.50 was repaid by each member of the group. Since the mean amount repaid is not significantly different from mean amount borrowed, t-cal 1.17 0.05). The null hypothesis which states that there is no significant difference between the amount borrowed and amount repaid was uphold. This implies that the micro finance user groups were efficient in loan repayment/recovery ability. The micro finance users groups recorded loan administration efficiency of 80.20%. A historical coefficient of variation of 14.77% and 13.8% indicate a steady growth rate in amount of loan disbursed and recovered respectively. It was therefore recommended that micro finance user groups should form linkage with financial institutions for the purpose of credit mobilization scheme.


American Studies: Topics and Sources (Greenwood Press, 1976) indexed notable essays in American studies written through 1976 that appeared in American Studies International, the foremost journal in the field. The present volume, Sources for American Studies, edited by Jefferson B. Kellogg and Robert H. Walker, is a companion and supplement to the earlier work, indexing and discussing subsequent articles through 1982, and updating those included in the first volume. Sources for American Studies is organized in two parts. The first contains bibliographical essays published since 1976 by specialists in Afro-American studies, architectural history, detective fiction, economic history, folklore, foreign policy, historiography, immigration, journalism, linguistics, military history, music, national character, philosophy, poetry, and the supreme court. Part II is the supplement to Topics and Sources and includes materials designed to make current the essays that appeared in the earlier volume. Cumulative title and author indexes cover both parts of this volume.


The quality and precision of casted industrial floor is often a dispute between an investor and a contractor. Its geometrical and physical properties divert from values defined by the project and also often do not meet the criteria of National Standards requirements. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the practical use of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in nondestructive testing of selected industrial floors. Our focus is on the geometric flatness evaluation. With TLS technology we assess the surface quality and flatness more precisely, faster and moreover, investigate 100% of area. This may lead to better evaluation of the relative position of investigated areas, points and constructions. However, a further investigation, which would define the methodology for evaluation the geometric tolerance from point clouds is needed.


Both Src kinase and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) play critical roles in cancer invasion and metastasis. It is not clear, however, how the spatiotemporal activation of these two critical enzymes is coordinated in response to an oncogenic epithelial growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Here, we have visualized the activities of Src and MT1-MMP concurrently in a single live cell by combining two fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with distinct spectra: (a) cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow FP (YFP), and (b) orange FP (mOrange2) and red FP (mCherry). The new FRET pair, mOrange2 and mCherry, was first characterized in vitro and in cultured mammalian cells. When integrated with the CFP/YFP pair, this new pair allowed the revelation of an immediate, rapid, and relatively dispersed Src activity. In contrast, the MT1-MMP activity displayed a slow increase at the cell periphery, although Src was shown to play a role upstream to MT1-MMP globally. This difference in the activation patterns of MT1-MMP and Src in response to EGF is further confirmed using an optimized MT1-MMP biosensor capable of being rapidly cleaved by MT1-MMP. The results indicate that although Src and MT1-MMP act globally in the same signaling pathway, their activations differ in space and time upon EGF stimulation, possibly mediated by different sets of intermediates at different subcellular locations. Our results also showed the potential of mOrange2/mCherry as a new FRET pair, together with the popular variants of CFP and YFP, for the simultaneous visualization of multiple molecular activities in a single live cell.


Synthesizing binational data to characterize shared water resources is critical to informing binational management. This work uses binational hydrogeology and water resource data in the Mesilla/Conejos-Médanos Basin (Basin) to describe the hydrologic conceptual model and identify potential research that could help inform sustainable management. The Basin aquifer is primarily composed of continuous basin-fill Santa Fe Group sediments, allowing for transboundary throughflow. Groundwater flow, however, may be partially or fully restricted by intrabasin uplifts and limited recharge. The shallow groundwater in the Rio Grande alluvium receives recharge from the Rio Grande and responds to changes in water supply and demand. About 11% of Rio Grande alluvial groundwater volume is recharged annually, an amount that is less than recent withdrawals. Potentially recoverable fresh to slightly brackish groundwater was estimated at 82,600 cubic hectometers in the U.S. portion of the Basin and 69,100 cubic hectometers in the Mexican portion. Alluvial groundwater geochemistry is governed by the evaporative concentration of the Rio Grande and agricultural diversions, whereas deeper groundwater geochemistry is governed by mixing and geochemical processes. Continued refinements to storage estimates, the water budget, and deep groundwater extent and geochemistry can improve estimates of sustainable use and inform alternative water sources.


The ningbing antechinus is a species of small dasyurid marsupial found in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Observations on reproduction have been made on newly captured and laboratory maintained specimens. The breeding season is short and mating occurs in June. The young are born after a long gestation, estimated to be between 45 and 52 days, in late July and early August. They are weaned in November when about 16 weeks old and they reach sexual maturity at 10-11 months, in the first breeding season after birth. Both males and females are potentially capable of breeding in a second season.


The Direct Estimation of Ecological Effect Potential (DEEEP) is a suite of toxicological methods that was compiled to facilitate management of effluent discharges. DEEEP used a range of tests to assess different endpoints and test taxa from differing trophic levels. It was used at pilot scale but never adopted in South Africa formally. The use of toxicological testing in managing effluent discharge has been somewhat ad-hoc since. This study examined a range of tests for undertaking toxicological assessments of effluent from the perspectives of ecological realism, test tractability, and cost of testing. The assays assessed include some from DEEEP, some using South African test taxa, and some using commercial toxicity test kits. Results indicate that, in terms of returned endpoints, no clear difference between tests using immobilized and cultured or wild-collected test taxa was present. Culture maintenance was found to be a significant contributor to test costs where cultured test taxa were used (although culture costs are implicit in test kit costs too). Costing analysis looked at scenarios where equipment could be shared and reused, and how these contribute to laboratory costs. The research leads on to suggestions for testing implementation in laboratories while maximizing ecological realism and minimizing costs.


The larval stage is the main dispersive mechanism of most marine teleost fish species. The degree to which larval behavior controls dispersal outcome has been a subject of debate in the past decades. Multiple studies demonstrated orientation mechanisms in several species separately, however a cross-species analysis examining fundamental orientation traits has not been carried out. Here, we apply a cross-species meta-analysis, focusing on the fundamental question of whether larval fish use external cues for directional movement. We compare the observed directional patterns to those expected under a strict use of internal cues. We find that the bulk of fish larvae use external cues for directional swimming, highlighting the contribution of larval orientation behavior to larval dispersal outcome. This finding is an essential step towards a proper implementation of larval behavior in biophysical dispersal models, improving our understanding of population connectivity, and facilitating sustainable management and conservation of marine resources.


Thirty patients with adult periodontitis were monitored using an automated periodontal probe for 6 months in order to determine the prevalence of active sites and the overall pattern of disease progression in active sites. The automated probe is capable of measuring probing attachment levels relative to the cemento-enamel junction with better than 0.2 mm of accuracy. The prevalence of disease activity was dependent on the threshold for probing attachment loss used. When the smallest threshold (0.4 mm) was used the prevalence of active disease was 29%, whereas a large threshold (2.4 mm) detected only 2% active sites. Regression analysis of the active sites revealed that 76% of the sites lost probing attachment consistent with a continuous model for disease progression. A small subset of sites demonstrated either bursts of activity or exacerbations and remissions of disease activity.


A 24-year-old male patient with anterior myocardial infarction, caused by embolization from mitral valve prosthesis due to inadequate anticoagulation is presented. The patient underwent cardiac catheterization within 90 minutes of arrival. Angiography showed total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) after the second diagonal branch. Thrombus was extracted with export catheter from LAD, and coronary artery perfusion was restored. The pain disappeared completely immediately after this intervention. Transoesophageal echocardiography performed 2 days later revealed no thrombus at the prosthetic valve. In conclusion, this case demonstrated that coronary embolism may occur even without prosthetic valve thrombus or dysfunction with suboptimal International Normalized Ratio levels, and can be successfully treated with coronary angiography with clot extraction with aspiration catheter (Export XT 6F Medtronic) only, without stenting.


Organizational citizenship behaviour is a positive concept in terms of both intent and outcome, so it is important to generate this behaviour for organizations. There are various antedencents of organizational citizenship behaviour and one of them is organizational trust. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the organizational trust and organizational citizenship behaviour, and how narcissism effects this relation. The survey of this study is conducted on 190 employees of various companies in Turkey. The obtained data from the questionnaires are analysed through the SPSS statistical packaged software. Analyses results showed that organizational trust has significant positive effect on organizational citizenship behaviour, and this relation is moderated by narcissism in a negative way. The most striking result of the study is that narcissism generates unhealthy outcomes because of its negative effects as a moderator.


Having analyzed a number of published research papers, the authors of the article come to conclusion that manipulations in the scientific world can, inter alia, manifest themselves in the following forms: substitution of the authorship, that is, replacement of the surname of a little-known author with the surname of a scientific celebrity (manipulation technique "appeal to an authority") subsequently distributing the now false scientific text on the Internet. This manipulative technique, in the absence of an authenticity check obligatory in such cases, causes a whole loop of citations and references in scientific journals of different countries, since scholars who cite the fake are mistakenly convinced that they are dealing with a genuine article from a respected author; the purpose of this manipulation is not to derive direct benefits for the manipulator, but a kind of scientific trolling: to prove to the academic audience that by falsely attributing the name of an author authoritative in the scientific world to someone else's mediocre text, it is possible to make other scientists take this fake for genuine scientific work; the use of scientific works written in a foreign language (without correct references and citations) in their publications (manipulative technique of direct plagiarism) for gain purpose of appropriating another person's piece of writing, passing it off as their own. The present study has revealed an urgent need both for researchers and for academic journals' editors – to carefully verify quoted sources that may be false. Representatives of the scientific world, traditionally considered to be the most informed community, must not become victims of manipulative influences.


The US National Security Agency (NSA) developed the Simon and Speck families of lightweight block ciphers as an aid for securing applications in very constrained environments where Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) may not be suitable. This paper summarizes the algorithms, their design rationale, along with current cryptanalysis and implementation results.


Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in exosomes exhibit stable expression and are not easily degraded in plasma; a characteristic that makes them ideal as novel non-invasive tumor diagnostic markers. In this study, we examined different expression of circRNA in plasma exosomes of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patient and healthy volunteer by full transcriptome sequencing. Five circRNAs with up-regulated expression were selected, and large sample size verified their expression. Among them, it is further confirmed that exo_circ_0006602 is up-regulated in the large sample cohort. In addition, the expression level of exo_circ_0006602 was correlated with HBsAg (P<0.011), HBeAg (P=0.048), liver cirrhosis (P=0.001) and Edmondson-Steiner grade (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of exo_circ_0006602 as a diagnostic marker. The AUC value of exo_circ_0006602 was significantly highter than common serum tumor markers AFP and CEA. Exo_circ_0006602 combined with AFP can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Cell function experiments show that exo_circ_0006602 can significantly improve the proliferation and invasion ability of liver cancer cell lines and also promoted the expression of tumor proliferation-related protein Snail. In conclusion, our results suggested that exo_circ_0006602 can be used as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the early diagnosis and screening of liver cancer, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis are higher than traditional tumor markers.


The nature of the stereochemically active lone pair has long been in debate. Here, by application of our recently developed orbital selective external potential (OSEP) method, we have studied the microscopic mechanism of stereochemically active lone pairs in various compounds. The OSEP method allows us to shift the energy level of specific atomic orbital, therefore is helpful to identify unambiguously the role of this orbital to the chemical and physical properties of the system we are interested in. Our numerical results, with compelling proofs, demonstrate that the on-site mixing of cation valence s orbital with the nominally empty p orbitals of the same subshell is crucial to the formation of lone pair, whereas the anion p orbital has only small effect. Our detailed investigation of Sn and Pb monochalcogenides show that structures of these systems have significant effects on lone pairs. In return, the formation of lone pair, which can be controlled by our OSEP method, could result in structural instabilities of Sn and Pb monochalcogenides.


In this article we review the medical, human rights, social and social interactionist models of disability, and consider how these differing perspectives have influenced the provision of educational services to students with disability in Australia. We contend that the shift in educational policy and provision, from supporting to including students with disability, has engendered a need for targeted professional development for both general and special education teachers. A model illustrating the unique skills of special educators and the common skills, knowledge and attitudes required by all teachers to implement effective inclusive education is presented and priorities for future research discussed.


Airborne wind energy systems benefit from high-lift airfoils to increase power output. This paper proposes an optimisation approach for a multi-element airfoil of a fixed-wing system operated in pumping cycles to drive a drum-generator module on the ground. The approach accounts for the different design objectives of the tethered kite's alternating production and return phases. The airfoil shape is first optimised for the production phase and then adapted for the requirements of the return phase by modifying the flap setting. The optimisation uses the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II in combination with the fast aerodynamic solver MSES. Once the optimal shape is determined, the aerodynamic performance is verified through CFD RANS simulations with OpenFOAM. The resulting airfoil achieves satisfactory performance for the production and return phases of the pumping cycles, and the CFD verification shows a fairly good agreement in terms of the lift coefficient. However, MSES significantly underpredicts the airfoil drag.


This essay is published in a series entitled Saggi di una nuova storia della filosofia. It consists of brief chapters on Thales, Heraclitus, Empedocles, and Anaxagoras. We are given no information about the general character of the series, nor is there any introductory section explaining the author's aims and strategy. It is correspondingly rather difficult to assess his achievement fairly. In itself the essay is a pleasant and intelligent piece, although slight and derivative, of journal-article length, swollen by long and learned footnotes. Signor Curi is apparently addressing himself to readers who already have a good knowledge of the evidence for Presocratic philosophy and of its history; for there is very little exposition, and frequent but allusive reference to the significance of the work of Anaximander, Anaximenes, Parmenides, and Zeno. The crisis to which Curi's title refers is that caused by the challenge to all physical speculation thrown down by the Eleatics. In his weightiest chapters he explores the differing ways in which Empedocles and Anaxagoras responded to that challenge. Empedocles is seen as the more traditional figure, giving expression, as Thales and Heraclitus had done, to a view of nature which was at once religious in its treatment of the natural world as an ultimate unity and rational in its mode of analysis. Curi takes Anaxagoras to be the more radical thinker, symbolizing in his long residence in Athens and his adoption of prose as the medium of philosophy the beginning of the Sophistic age, and marking in his fundamental dualism of mind and matter the final collapse of the unitary idea of nature. An attractive picture, although admirers of Anaximander and Anaximenes will want to know what their adoption of prose signified—and indeed why they do not bulk larger in even a brief essay on these themes.


MEN 10710 is a new synthetic distamycin derivative possessing four pyrrole rings and a bis-(2-chloroethyl)-aminophenyl moiety linked to the oligopyrrole backbone by a flexible butanamido chain. Its biological properties have been investigated in comparison with the structurally related compound, tallimustine (FCE24517), and the classical alkylating agent, melphalan (L-PAM). Cytotoxic potency of MEN 10710 was increased from 10- to 100-fold, as compared to tallimustine or L-PAM in murine L1210, human LoVo and MCF7 tumor cell lines. MEN 10710 was still active against L1210/L-PAM leukemic cells, while a partial cross-resistance was observed in LoVo/DX and in MCF7/DX cells selected for resistance to doxorubicin and expressing a MDR phenotype. Treatment with verapamil (VRP) reduced the resistance to tallimustine, but not to MEN 10710, in MCF7/DX cells. The cytotoxic effects reflect in vivo antitumor potency and toxicity in the treatment of human tumor xenografts. MEN 10710 was more effective in A2780/DDP, an ovarian carcinoma selected for resistance to cisplatin. On the other hand, the IC30 for inhibiting murine granulocyte/macrophage colony formation was 50 times higher for MEN 10710 than for tallimustine, suggesting a lower myelotoxic potential. In conclusion, the particular biological profile of MEN 10710 characterized by a marked cytotoxic potency, an interesting antitumor efficacy and a reduced in vitro myelosuppressive action may represent a further improvement in the rational design of a novel distamycin-related alkylating compound.


The aim of this study is to find a simple, effective, and non-destructive way to estimate the fluidity of coal. Three kinds of metallurgical coals were blended in a specific ratio for fluidity measurement by a Gieseler plastometer and coke strength by the Roga test. One of the metallurgical coals was extracted with four kinds of solvents. The solvent-extracted extracts further underwent heat treatment at different temperatures and were then added to the blended coal to examine the change of fluidity and coke strength. Both the heat-treated and untreated coal extracts were further investigated by elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffractometry, and it was found that the heat treatment will increase the degree of graphitization. The aromatic carbon content was found to correlate significantly with the fluidity of coal, and the relationship among the ratio of aromatic carbon/aliphatic carbon, aromaticity, and fluidity was studied in this wo...


We have demonstrated highly efficient Laguerre Gaussian beam generation by using a ring self-pumped phase conjugate mirror in the pico-second regime for the first time. The phase conjugate reflectivity was typically ~55%. We have also investigated the conservation of optical angular momentum.


pICln is a 26-kDa protein that is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved from Xenopus laevis toHomo sapiens. The physiological functions of pICln remain to be established. To address this question, we disrupted theICln gene in embryonic stem cells. We found that murine embryos lacking ICln die early in gestation (between stages E3.5 and E7.5). Furthermore, we found that ICln is essential for embryonic stem cell viability. Previously, we showed that pICln interacts directly with a homolog of a yeast protein that binds a PAK-like kinase and participates in the regulation of cell morphology and cell cycling. pICln also forms a complex with several core spliceosomal proteins, and this interaction may play a role in the regulation of spliceosomal biogenesis. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that pICln participates in critical cellular pathways, including regulation of the cell cycle and RNA processing.


This paper is one of a series resulting from the institutional analysis of photovoltaic (PV) acceptance. It reports the results of an initial exploration of the federal non-defense arena. This exploration was undertaken in connection with a PV field test at the Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah. This field test is a collaborative venture of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Park Service (NPS). As the procuring agency, NPS is the focus for the paper, serving as an example of institutional action in the federal non-defense arena. Like others in this arena, NPS is involved in the legislative process, as well as program implementation. The primary mission of the National Park Service is to make federally-owned land available to the public in a manner which enhances the use and enjoyment POf natural and historic resource. NPS has nearly 300 operating units. It is organized by regions, and has two service centers (the larger of which is in Denver) which provide a variety of technical and support services to the operating units. The most important operating units are national parks, monuments and historic sites. Procurements contributing to program activities are guided by federal and agency regulation. One regulation limits procurements to proven technologies, which constitutes a formal barrier to innovation


As part of a large-scale monitoring program linked to the management of kangaroos in the South Australian pastoral zone, the western grey kangaroo populations have been surveyed annually with fixed-wing aircraft over the 15-years-period 1978-92. Western grey kangaroos are restricted in their distribution to the southern regions of the pastoral zone. During the period of the study, western grey kangaroo numbers showed no long-term trends, but did show some marked fluctuations, principally in association with a severe drought. Despite this, and unlike red kangaroos in the South Australian pastoral zone, no consistent, direct association between changes in western grey kangaroo numbers and antecedent rainfall could be demonstrated. The postulated reason for this is that most of the regional western grey kangaroo populations examined in this study were low-density populations at the edge of the range of this species. Outside of drought, these populations are likely to be limited by factors other than food, such as climate and unmodified resources in the form of suitable habitat. Also, because boundary populations may well only be maintained by constant loss and recolonisation, local extinctions associated with drought may result in extended delays in the re-establishment of populations in marginal areas. Over the period 1978-92, these populations were harvested commercially at annual rates of 5-25%, which were, on the whole, considered to be below the rates suggest to be maximum and sustainable.


This paper presents three optical wafer metrology sensors that are used in lithography for robustly measuring the shape and position of wafers and device patterns on these wafers. The first two sensors are a level sensor and an alignment sensor that measure, respectively, a wafer height map and a wafer position before a new pattern is printed on the wafer. The third sensor is an optical scatterometer that measures critical dimension-variations and overlay after the resist has been exposed and developed. These sensors have different optical concepts but they share the same challenge that sub-nm precision is required at high throughput on a large variety of processed wafers and in the presence of unknown wafer processing variations. It is the purpose of this paper to explain these challenges in more detail and give an overview of the various solutions that have been introduced over the years to come to process-robust optical wafer metrology.


It has previously been shown that J.H., a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- Dw2 homozygous multiparous woman, fails to respond in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) to her Dw1 homozygous husband W.H., and that her T cells suppress the responses of HLA matched responders to W.H. The present studies take advantage of the observation that J.H. suppressor cells resist a dose of gamma-irradiation which functionally eliminates her MLR responder cells. J.H. cells, depleted of alloreactive cells, suppress the responses of Dw2 heterozygous or homozygous cells to W.H., regardless of their associated HLA-A or B antigens. Only when W.H. or a few other cells are present as the irradiated stimulator is J.H. suppression of Dw2 responses detected. Thus, the J.H. suppressor T cell recognizes determinants in the irradiated stimulator cells as well as D locus products in the responder.


Several studies revealed a close relation between the sex and immunity including the immune responses to bacteria, viruses and parasites antigens. Dimorphic immune reactions in females versus males and an influence of sex factors on the efficacy and side effects of vaccines as well as a new approach in the construction of prophylactic vaccines dependent on the sex and genetic background of vaccinated individuals (personalized vaccinology) are presented in the article.


Abstract Active sun is characterized by compelling short-lived flash of solar eruption like solar flare, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high-speed solar winds and solar energetic particles along with colossal release of energy and mass. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices based on wavelet analysis during the solar flares. The crucial role of IMF-Bz (interplanetary magnetic field) is examined for the two solar flares events. The key result obtained from our study is substantial dependence of solar flare intensity on IMF-Bz together with solar wind velocity. We also observed the duration of solar flares and their effect on ionospheric and ground based parameters.


Committed employees are source of competitive advantage in any organization. This study seeks to investigate the impact of emotional labor on affective commitment among employees. This study will focus on the moderating role of cultural intelligence and pride in work as positive resources between emotional labor and affective commitment. The proposed model will be tested through quantitative method approach in light of Conservation of Resources Theory (COR). The data collected from 520 employees from hotel sector under multistage sampling technique will be analyzed. The gathered data will be examined through statistical techniques, are estimated to prove the proposed relationships. The study will be beneficial for industry practitioners, managers and leaders who can take advantage from the study and make strategies to minimize the negative effects of emotional labor in their respective organizations.


Abstract A detailed analysis has been performed for a heterogeneous photocatalytic Taylor vortex reactor that uses flow instability to recirculate fluid continually from the vicinity of the rotating inner cylindrical surface (coated with catalyst) to the stationary outer cylindrical surface of an annulus. A detailed time accurate computation when the reactor is started impulsively shows the different stages of flow evolution and the effects of finite length of the reactor in creating eddies, the overall effects of which shows very high efficiency of photocatalytic conversion. The physical arrangement considered is such that pollutant degradation is maximized by a combination of the controlled periodic illumination effect and the motion of fluid particles in a specific regime of centrifugal instability. It was found out that optimum Reynolds's number is 380 as the system reaches steady state faster, number of vortices per unit length is more, vortices move faster towards center from end, and the magnitude of both axial and radial component of velocity is more than at higher or lower value of Reynolds's number.


BACKGROUND
GeneXpert MTB/RIF is useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in adults, but there is limited evidence on its usefulness in extrapulmonary TB.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with suspected musculoskeletal TB.

METHODS
A prospective study of patients with suspected musculoskeletal (bone and joint) TB was undertaken. The diagnostic accuracy of GeneXpert MTB/RIF was compared with the reference standards of culture and histopathology.

RESULTS
A total of 206 biopsies from 201 patients (23% HIV-infected) were evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF was 92.3% (84/91) and 99.1% (114/115), respectively. GeneXpert MTB/RIF detected 8.8% more cases than culture (84/91 (92.3%) v. 76/91 (83.5%), respectively; p=0.069). GeneXpert MTB/RIF also detected all 4 multidrug-resistant TB cases and an additional 2 rifampicin-resistant cases in culture-negative samples. The sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in HIV-infected patients was 96.9% (31/32) v. 89.6% (43/48) in HIV-uninfected patients (p=0.225).

CONCLUSION
GeneXpert MTB/RIF is an accurate test for the detection of TB in tissue samples of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with suspected musculoskeletal TB. A positive GeneXpert MTB/RIF result should be regarded as microbiological confirmation of TB.


Background: Carcinomas are aggressive and invasive malignancies that originate from any type of epithelial cell and are responsible for many deaths in dogs. Carcinoma metastases occur primarily via the lymphatic route; however, they can occur by blood flow, thus reaching bone structures. In dogs, metastasis of mammary and squamous cell carcinomas to the skeletal system is poorly described. The aim of this study was to report two cases of dogs that developed metastases of carcinomas to the vertebral column.Cases: Case 1. A 10 years-old, male, mixed-breed dog with paralysis of the left pelvic limb, subcutaneous mass in the lumbar region, apathy, anorexia and progressive weight loss and with a previous history of amputation of the right pelvic limb resulting from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the integument of the cranial face of the femorotibiopatellar joint. Due to the patient's clinical condition and the negative prognosis associated with the neoplasia, euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, infiltrating the lumbar vertebrae from L5 to L7, a whitish and firm mass of approximately 15 x 8 cm was observed. Histologically, it comprised a malignant epithelial neoplastic development consisting of nests and cords interspersed with fibrovascular stroma, containing multiple keratine pearls. There was moderate to severe anisocytosis, severe anisokariosis, and about 4 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological features were consistent with an invasive SCC. Anti-cytokeratin and anti-p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluations were performed, both with immunoreactivity in neoplastic cells. Case 2. An 8 years-old, female, Chihuahua with bilateral paralysis of the pelvic limbs, anorexia, and progressive weight loss, with a history of excision of solid mammary carcinoma. The clinical condition evolved to the absence of deep pain in all limbs and fecal and urinary retention, opting for euthanasia. At necropsy, a nodule between T3 and T4 was observed, yellowish-white and firm, measuring about 5 x 3.8 cm, invading the spinal canal, and compressing the spinal cord. Histologically, it comprised malignant epithelial neoplasia infiltrating intervertebral ligaments, musculature, and vertebrae of the thoracic spine, organized in a dense mantle of polygonal to rounded cells, delimited in lobes by abundant fibrovascular tissue. Moderate anisokaryosis and accentuated anisocytosis were observed and about 6 mitosis figures for every 10 high power fields (400x). The histological characteristics of the tumor were compatible with metastasis due to grade II solid mammary carcinoma. Immunohistochemical evaluations of anti-cytokeratin, anti-c-erbB2, and anti-estrogen and progesterone receptors were performed, with immunoreactivity for cytokeratin and c-erbB2 in neoplastic cells.Discussion: There are no current data indicating which tumors that metastasize most frequently to the vertebral column. In the reported cases, it was found that the clinical signs presented by the animals are directly associated with the compression of specific areas of the spinal cord, as well as bone pain, resulting from tumor expansion and degeneration of the bone matrix, similar to what has been reported previously. The immunohistochemical diagnosis of anti-p63 in case 1 and anti-oncoprotein C-erbB2 in case 2, were essential to determine the neoplastic origin in the absence of the primary tumor. Despite being a place of low incidence of metastases, bones have a physiologically favorable environment for the implantation of neoplastic cells, especially when there is bone marrow involvement. Because of this and despite the rare occurrence, metastasis of carcinomas to the vertebral column should always be considered as differential diagnoses in patients presenting with clinical signs compatible with spinal cord compression and a history of previous neoplasia.


We present a 30-year old male presented with hemoptysis as a first manifestation and pulmonary CT scan characteristic of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Further abdominal examination discovered a left adrenal mass. Elevated catecholamine and metanephrine levels and subsequent adrenalectomy confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Symptoms of pheochromocytoma are highly variable, which could potentially delay the diagnosis. With careful investigation, emergency medicine practitioners need to be aware of the cunning and changeful manifestations in pheochromocytoma.


Abstract The 162 Ma Josephine ophiolite, NW California and SW Oregon, consists of harzburgite tectonite (>800 km2), cumulates, high-level gabbro, a sheeted dyke complex having a consistent dyke orientation over hundreds of square kilometres, and pillow lavas. The ophiolite is conformably overlain by hemipelagics which grade upward into synorogenic turbidites. Open folding of the ophiolite and sediments provides ideal conditions to reconstruct the structural geometry of oceanic features in the ophiolite. Episodic axial magma chambers, structural extension, and episodic hydrothermal circulation is indicated by: (1) the local presence of both highly fractionated and very primitive lavas and dykes, (2) thick talus(?) breccias, and (3) multiple stacked massive sulphide deposits, each overlain by up to 5 m of mudstone within the pillow lavas. The effects of structural extension are evident from: (1) a 50° tilting of the entire crustal sequence except for the uppermost lava flows, (2) oceanic normal and transfer faults, and (3) shear zones within the harzburgite consisting of peridotite (± talc) mylonite and high-temperature serpentine mylonite. A regionally extensive, subhorizontal serpentine mylonite zone within the upper c. 1 km of the harzburgite formed at c. 500°C and may represent an oceanic detachment fault. The 50° tilting of the entire crustal sequence occurred prior to eruption of the uppermost lava flows and implies extreme attenuation (c. 100%) at the spreading ridge. This extension would account for the present thin crustal sequence of the Josephine ophiolite (c. 3 km thick). It is important to note that where deep faulting occurs the actual oceanic crustal thickness, as defined by seismic velocities, is likely to coincide with the lower limit of hydrothermal serpentine alteration in the harzburgite tectonite. Subseafloor hydrothermal alteration resulting from flow of discharging fluids is especially localized along brittle oceanic faults in the Josephine ophiolite. Seafloor massive sulphide deposits in the pillow lavas and mineralized stockworks in the upper dyke complex apparently formed by discharging black smoker fluids localized along oceanic fault zones. Relatively late oceanic faults have been observed in the sheeted dyke complex and are extensively altered to quartz + sulphides + sericite. They are tentatively interpreted as off-axis faults and may represent pathways for lower temperature fluids which vented to the seafloor and formed metalliferous sediments 8–23 m above the uppermost pillow basalts of the ophiolite. Although the regional setting and geochemistry of the Josephine ophiolite indicate that it formed in a suprasubduction zone setting, the following features suggest that it may provide a useful structural analogue for slow-to intermediate-spreading mid-ocean ridges: (1) episodic magmatism, (2) extensive faulting and talus deposits, (3) normal faulting extending into the upper mantle, (4) fault-controlled hydrothermal discharge, and (5) large-scale tilting of the entire crustal sequence. The high degree of structural extension distinguishes the Josephine ophiolite from the Oman and Bay of Islands ophiolites, which probably formed at fast-spreading centres.


Abstract Since the advent of molecular taxonomy, numerous lichen-forming fungi with homoiomerous thalli initially classified in the family Collemataceae Zenker have been transferred to other families, highlighting the extent of morphological convergence within Lecanoromycetes O. E. Erikss. & Winka. While the higher level classification of these fungi might be clarified by such transfers, numerous specific and generic classifications remain to be addressed. We examined the relationships within the broadly circumscribed genus Arctomia Th. Fr., which has been the recipient of several transfers from Collemataceae. We demonstrated that Arctomia insignis (P. M. Jørg. & Tønsberg) Ertz does not belong to Arctomia s. str. but forms a strong monophyletic group with Gabura fascicularis (L.) P. M. Jørg. We also confirmed that Arctomia borbonica Magain & Sérus. and the closely related Arctomia insignis represent two species. We formally transferred A. insignis and A. borbonica to the genus Gabura Adans. and introduced two new combinations: Gabura insignis and Gabura borbonica. We reported Gabura insignis from Europe (Scotland and Ireland) for the first time. While material from Europe and North America is genetically almost identical, specimens from Madagascar, South Africa and Reunion Island belong to three distinct phylogenetic lineages, all of which are present in the latter area and may represent distinct species. In its current circumscription, the genus Gabura may contain up to six species, whereas Arctomia s. str. includes only two species (A. delicatula Th. Fr. and A. teretiuscula P. M. Jørg.). The Gabura insignis group is shown to have an unexpectedly large, subcosmopolitan distribution. With the extended sampling from Arctomiaceae Th. Fr., the placement of Steinera sorediata P. James & Henssen in the genus Steinera Zahlbr. is confirmed and the presence of a new Steinera species from Chile is highlighted.


A number of studies have shown that adults living in group homes spend less time with their families. One barrier to increasing time spent with families may be that a large proportion of adults living in group homes display elevated levels of problem behaviour. Furthermore, group home staff and families may not have sufficient training to prevent problem behaviour in group home or family home settings. This study evaluates an approach that synthesizes three promising practices in the field of developmental disabilities: person-centred planning, transsituational positive behaviour support (PBS), and the activity setting as a unit of analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of this approach to the generalized reduction of problem behaviour for an adult with autism from a group home setting to a family home setting. One adult with autism and problem behaviour, the group home staff who supported him, and his parents participated in the study. Two settings were identified for trans-situational intervention: a group home post-dinner routine; and a family home pre-dinner routine. In collaboration with group home staff a functional assessment-based, multi-component trans-situational PBS plan (TSI) was designed for the group home routine. In addition a brief trans-situational PBS plan (tsi) for the family home was generated. A preliminary cultural fit evaluation by primary staff indicated that the plan was a good fit with group home ecology. Completion of baseline and intervention phases will occur by June 2014. Preliminary results are discussed in terms of relation to the literature, implications, cautions and limitations, and directions for future research.


The safety of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) remains a critical concern considering that they are a common constituent in cosmetics and sunscreen formulation. In our study, the cytotoxicity of pristine ZnO NPs in a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line was found to be significantly reduced when the NPs were pre-incubated in a supplemented cell culture medium for 24 h prior to actual cell exposure. These pre-coated particles developed a stable protein layer on their surfaces, which facilitated further protein adsorption during the cell culture process. The amount of proteins adsorbed on pre-coated NPs was significantly larger and the affinity between the NPs and proteins was stronger, which inhibited both ROS generation and ZnO dissolution and resulted in lower cytotoxicity compared to pristine NPs. Our studies on the continued evolution of a hard protein corona on ZnO NPs in a supplemented cell culture medium and its effects on cytotoxicity demonstrate an effective and convenient way to achieve safe biomedical and environmental applications of ZnO NPs and may be extrapolated to other classes of engineered nanomaterials.


This paper gives the overview of the third Chinese parsing evaluation: CIPS-SIGHANParsEval-2012, including its parsing sub-tasks, evaluation metrics, training and test data. The detailed evaluation results and simple discussions will be given to show the difficulties in Chinese syntactic parsing.


Human and monkey sera from individuals exposed to Plasmodium falciparum were characterized by indirect immunofluorescence, in vitro parasite growth inhibition, and immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled parasite antigens followed by analytical sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In general there was a good correlation between fluorescence titer and the ability of a serum to inhibit parasite growth in vitro. Exceptions were found, however. Some variance was seen in the ability of a given serum to inhibit different strains of the parasite. The significance of this is unknown. The proteins bound by human sera with high and low in vitro inhibitory capacities were compared by SDS-PAGE. The human sera which did not inhibit parasite growth in vitro well differed from those which did by failing to efficiently bind certain parasite components having molecular weights in the range of 200,000, 70,000-85,000, and 45,000.


According to 2007 UNAIDS estimates, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for two-thirds of all HIV infections and has been the worst affected region in the world by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Zambia, a Sub-Saharan country, has an antenatal HIV prevalence of 19% which is among the highest in the world. As part of the response to this epidemic the Zambian government has committed itself to scaling up Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) services. Even though the cost-effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is well established,there has been no examination of the resources required to scale up PMTCT to the proposed Zambian national targets. Therefore this book provides insight into important methodological and actual estimates of the costs and human resource requirements of scaling up PMTCT to the proposed national targets. This book aims to close the gap on the dearth of information on the methodological methods and cost data on scaling up PMTCT services and should especially be useful to policy makers, public health specialists,health economists and HIV/AIDS experts worldwide.


Inarguably, learning and teaching activities should go hand in hand with the development of socio-cultural changes of the students. In the current circumstance, learning should not be any more carried out through a mere physical activities in classrooms, digital technology that has been occupying the Gen-Z students' lives is highly suggested to be utilized as part of the teaching activities. This descriptive study seeks to address the strengths and pitfalls of Google Classroom application to reading and writing classes that the Gen-Z students encounter in the IAIN Purwokerto context. The purposive sample of this study is the second year students of Tadris Bahasa Inggris major who take reading and writing classes. The data, which are generated through questionnaire and interview methods of collection, are presented in a descriptive report showing the students' perception on the hybrid learning activities imposed to them.


Part 1 Making the connections: making the connections, defining the terms women and self-esteem - six common problems. Part 2 Close to home, close to the heart - intimate relationships and the shaping of self-attitude: introduction different families, different fates the early years - essentials of self-esteem the power of words the power of role models - like parent, like child the legacies of troubled friends moving on from our childhood families friends, lovers and spouses - the power of chosen intimates daughters and motherhood. Part 3 Far from home, far from at home - women's experiences in the wider world: introduction religions as institutions, spirituality as experience if only we had learned differently - the impact of formal schooling gaining power in some areas, losing it in others - the impact of government never done - women's work experience women in a world of mirrors and images - the impact of the technology of imagery the not so helpful helping professions where it's hardest to feel at home - women's experiences in public. Part 4 The high cost of low self-esteem: introduction can't get this out of my mind - black clouds, critical tapes, chronic comparisons to others, expectations of perfection, expectations of doom, inability to accept a compliment this will make me worthy and whole - the search for completion through romance, motherhood and work from not feeling good about ourselves to not feeling at all - emotional expression versus depression if it weren't for my body I'd be OK - self-esteem and body image why is pleasure to much work? - sexuality and self-esteem I'd rather be right than happy - self-fulfilling prophecies distract me from my dreaded self - I'd rather hate you than me.


They have been called the MP3s of higher education, surpassing and improving on the technology of compact discs that is online learning, and the outdated cassette tape that is the traditional classroom. They are called Massive Open Online Courses and their advent and rising popularity have had a profound impact on the sphere of education. Whether they are seen as an opportunity or a potentially disruptive threat to current pedagogies, their promise of offering low-cost quality education to all has certainly captured the imagination of everyone, especially those in higher education institutions, causing them to rethink their policies. But do they represent a new revolution in the often-changing world of education or are they merely an evolution of the same old pedagogies, updated and upgraded to appease the technologically obsessed masses? Are they hype…or simply hope? For stakeholders in Philippine state universities and colleges, the question is simpler. Faced with shrinking budgets and rising costs, in a country where the price of quality education is high and access to it remains a serious concern, they ask: Does this new model present an opportunity to re-envision how they deliver instruction, giving greater accessibility to all students, or does it merely represent a fad, providing little or no assurance of improving student learning outcomes? This paper attempts to answer these questions by summarizing and analyzing the issues, challenges, threats, opportunities, and implications brought about by the phenomenon. It is intended to give these stakeholders a better understanding of the new paradigm that may guide them in formulating policies and specific strategies to address the continuing movement toward openness in education, and in so doing, they may ultimately fulfill the promise embodied in our Constitution—to provide affordable quality education accessible to all.


The purpose of the paper is to develop a thermodynamic theory of constitutive equations of multipolar viscous fluids. The restrictions which the principle of material frame-indifference and the Clausius-Duhem inequality place on the constitutive equations are derived. Explicit forms of the viscous stresses are obtained for linear viscous fluids.


A new PstI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) was discovered in a study of a Finnish population sample and designated PstI(b)1 or Pst(b)2 depending on the presence or absence of the cleavage site. The frequency of the PstI(b)2 allele was 0.24. This allele showed a positive (p = 3 x 10(-6) association with the electrophoretic allele 2(F) and a negative association (2 x 10(-7) with the electrophoretic allele 1(S). The previously described PstI RFLP [PstI(a)] was also found to be associated with electrophoretic types; the PstI(a)1 allele (presence of site) was associated with the electrophoretic type 2 (p = 0.023). Haplotype frequencies and disequilibria were calculated between PstI(a), PstI(b) and RsaI RFLPs. A complete disequilibrium (p = 1 x 10(-6) was found between PstI(a) and RsaI, whereas there was no significant disequilibrium between PstI(b) and RsaI. There was no strict correlation between the distances between the RFLP loci and the degree of linkage disequilibrium. The allele controlling the electrophoretic variant PLAP 18 (D) was found in polymorphic frequency (0.024) in the Finnish population.


The nanopipette has been employed for the single molecule analysis due to its advantage of easy fabrication and controllable diameter. Herein, we present that the single molecule immunoreaction could be monitored by using the quartz nanopipette through the discrimination of characteristic blockade current, which reflect the intrinsic character of the individual unlabeled protein molecules due to its heterogeneous motion in solution. Our methods show the ability to monitor the immunoreaction between single α-fetal protein (AFP) and its specific antibody in aqueous solution without any labeling. Our studies may open a new door to comprehensively understand the single molecule immunoreaction, which gain more insight into the molecular dynamic of elementary steps.


This paper presents the framework of a standardization proposal for the existing information flow among the Brazilian regulator office of the petroleum industry (ANP) and the concessionary companies which run activities of petroleum exploration in the Brazilian sedimentary basins in case of the discovery of any potentially commercial hydrocarbon resources inside their concession areas. The framework is oriented towards the Brazilian oil and gas regulatory model which employs a guide called Plan of Discoveries Assessment (PAD) which outlines the main procedures that the oil companies have to comply with. Based on the main aspects of the Brazilian regulatory model and upon a small sample of PADs, a standard procedure routine was developed in order to introduce a significant gain in the quality level of the information content of the PADs. In this sense the proposed framework needs to have a broad view to include the information flow in order to achieve better evaluation efficiencies from the discovery process and the decision process. The approach uses a consistency scheme and an evaluation test in the six information blocks in the PADs: Executive Summary, Discovery Description, Geology and Reservoirs Description, Evaluation Program, Safety and Environment and Interpretation Project. Simulation performed with a small group of PADs allowed detecting the prospects characteristics that deserve improvement in the level of information, provoking a substantial gain in the dealing with the geological data.


Background Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) is characterized by chronic hemolysis, i.e. a shortened red blood cell (RBC) lifespan. Hemolysis varies greatly in degree among patients and is thought to be the proximate cause of some of the complications of HbSS. To date, clinical studies exploring the pathological role of hemolysis in SCD have used surrogates (e.g., reticulocyte count, LDH, AST) rather than direct measures. Surrogate markers are inadequate to study causation, but current gold standard methods for calculating RBC lifespan in humans are labor-intensive and involve radioactivity or ex vivo cell labeling. Glycine is a precursor for both the globin and heme components of hemoglobin (Hb), so stable isotope-labeled glycine (15N-glycine) can be used to measure RBC survival. Following ingestion of 15N-glycine, labeled Hb is synthesized within RBC precursors that are subsequently released as an age cohort into the circulation where the label can be measured over time. This differs from population labels, e.g. chromium or biotin, that label RBCs of all ages in the circulation. The measurement is safe (no infusion of manipulated RBC products or radioactivity), not labor-intensive (no ex vivo manipulation of RBCs) and appears to be practical for use in clinical studies.

Objective To measure RBC survival using 15N-glycine in patients with HbSS and demonstrate its practicality for use in multi-institutional clinical studies.

Methods We enrolled individuals with HbSS in steady-state without hepatobiliary disease who had not been transfused in the preceding 3 months. After obtaining informed consent and duplicate baseline blood samples, participants ingested 15N-glycine and had serial phlebotomies over 16 weeks for blood counts, clinical chemistries, and storage of aliquots of frozen whole blood. Heme was extracted from frozen whole blood and analyzed using combustion isotope ratio mass spectroscopy at a commercial laboratory to give a precise ratio of 15N/14N, which is directly related to the number of cells remaining from the age cohort of RBCs that were produced in the presence of 15N-glycine. We defined the starting point for all RBC survival calculations as the time at which the percent ratio excess of 15N to 14N (%RE) reached 50% of the maximum value, and we defined the endpoint as the time at which the rate of change of %RE had decreased to 0.5% per day. To produce normalized RBC survival curves, the absolute %RE was corrected for any residual component evident at the endpoint by assuming a linear increase in the residual from the starting point to the endpoint. The normalized RBC survival curve was fit using a 5-order polynomial expression. Median survival, mean survival and mean RBC age were computed (Lindsell 2008).

Results Six participants with HbSS were studied. Mean age was 22.3 years (range 16-31); 4 of 6 were female; and 5 of 6 were prescribed a stable dose of hydroxyurea. All participants completed the 16-week protocol. None had a transfusion during the study, but one was hospitalized for a painful event. Curves for %RE (Figure, panel A) and normalized RBC survival (Figure, panel B) were generated. A representative individual with normal (AA) Hb type is shown (Figure, panel A) illustrating the more rapid rise and decline in %RE in HbSS, as expected physiologically. Median RBC survival was 21.6 days (S.D. 5.5; range 12.0- 28.3). Mean RBC survival was 26.6 days (S.D. 4.2; range 14.1- 36.0). Mean RBC age was 19.9 days (S.D. 5.1; range 11.4- 26.6). Reticulocyte count was significantly correlated with median RBC survival (Spearman rho = -0.943, P=0.005), mean RBC survival (rho = -0.943, P=0.005), and mean RBC age (rho = -0.886, P=0.019). Hb concentration, percent Hb F, LDH, AST, and total bilirubin were not significantly correlated with RBC survival in this small sample of 6 persons. Samples after 80 days added no useful information, so the number of phlebotomies can be decreased for future analyses.

![Graphic][1]

Conclusions This 15N-glycine stable isotope cohort label can measure RBC survival and quantify hemolysis safely and easily in patients with HbSS. This method is practical for use in multi-institutional clinical studies because whole blood can be frozen and stored for later shipment to central labs for processing and analysis. The causal role of hemolysis in the development of complications of HbSS can be studied without sole reliance on surrogate markers.

Lindsell CJ et al. Am J Hematol. 83(6):454-7, 2008.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Sustainable management practices such as lean and visual management can be directly linked successfully to facilities management practices. This was acknowledged during an exploratory case study that assessed the leanness of a university's transformation, evaluating their lean and value-added approach to enhancing workflow efficiencies. The research study was limited to one UK university estates and property services lean journey. Design science research methodology with an action research approach was applied. In conjunction with qualitative methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and participatory observations in action that included a workshop. The literature review surmised that there is a lack of data demonstrating the correlation between lean visual management and sustainable management practices especially in facilities management services. Additionally, combining sustainable management and change management methods is also not widely researched. When sustainable management practices that include lean and visual management are implemented in facilities practices customer expectations are improved, waste eliminated, color coding and labelling implemented, and known sustainable practices such as recycling of furniture, fixtures and equipment occur adding value and reallocating financial resources. It is recommended that change management be introduced to better understand workplace culture when executing transformation directives. Subsequently, management will become better equipped at contending with employee's attitudes, work ethics, and behaviours. The originality of this research exploration illustrates that facilities management departments should embrace sustainable management practices that include lean visual management methods combined with change management. Consequently, improving employee experience, return on investment and acknowledgment from customers, senior leadership, and the C-suite.


In the studies of aquatic ecology, periphyton has been uncared for despite its vital role in nutrient uptake and transfer to the upper trophic organisms. Being the component of food chain as attached organism it takes part in nutrient cycling in the ecosystem like that of suspended planktonic counterparts. The present review, with an aim to understand the role of periphyton in nutrient transfer from benthic environment to upper trophic level, focuses many aspects of periphyton-nutrient relationship based on available literatures. It also attempts to redefine periphyton, as a part of biofilm, harboring nutrient components like protein, fat and carbohydrate preferably in its extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), cyanobacteria, diatom and other algal communities. In addition to physical processes, nutrient uptake by periphyton is catalyzed by enzymes like Nitrogen Reductase and Alkaline Phosphatase from the environment. This uptake and transfer is further regulated by periphytic C: nutrient (N or P) stoichiometry, colonization time, distribution of periphyton cover on sediments and macrophytes, macronutrient concentration, grazing, sloughing, temperature, and advective transport. The Carbon (C) sources of periphyton are mainly dissolve organic matter and photosynthetic C that enters into higher trophic levels through predation and transfers as C-rich nutrient components. Despite of emerging interests on utilizing periphyton as nutrient transfer tool in aquatic ecosystem, the major challenges ahead for modern aquatic biologists lies on determining nutrient uptake and transfer rate of periphyton, periphytic growth and simulating nutrient models of periphyton to figure a complete energy cycle in aquatic ecosystem.


In the electric utility industry, we can guarantee only one thing with absolute certainty: we live and work with many unknowns. Thus, the industry has embraced probability methods to varying degrees over the last 25 years. These techniques aid decision makers in planning, operations, and maintenance by quantifying uncertainty. Examples include power system reliability, production costing simulation, and assessment of environmental factors. A series of brainstorming sessions was conducted by the Application of Probability Methods (APM) Subcommittee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society to identify research and development needs and to ask the question, "where should we go from here?" We examined areas of need in data development, applications, and methods for decision making. The purpose of this article is to share the thoughts of APM members with a broader audience to our findings and to invite comments and participation.<<ETX>>


Opioids have long been prescribed for chronic pain conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). However, there is little information about their temporal efficacy, or differences in efficacy and safety between opioids with strong versus weak/intermediate μ opioid receptor–binding affinity. To explore these research questions, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in patients with knee and/or hip OA.


The accumulation of He on a W surface during keV-He ion irradiation has been simulated using cluster dynamics modeling. This is based mainly on rate theory and improved by involving difierent types of objects, adopting up-to-date parameters and complex reaction processes, as well as considering the difiusion process along with depth. These new features make the simulated results compare very well with the experimental ones. The accumulation and difiusion processes are analyzed, and the depth and size dependence of the He concentrations contributed by difierent types of He clusters is also discussed. The exploration of the trapping and difiusion efiects of the He atoms is helpful in understanding the evolution of the damages in the near-surface of plasma-facing materials under He ion irradiation.


The phase functions of several types of natural particles have been measured between 5 and 172 degrees using a polar nephelometer with a Helium-Neon laser as the source of radiation. By cooling the laboratory to the outside temperature and using a vertical duct in the roof, natural snowflakes may be brought into the scattering volume. The phase functions of both falling and blowing snow exhibit the diffraction peak characteristic of particles whose size is considerably greater than the wavelength of the incident radiation as well as significant backscattering. The phase function associated with NaC1 cubes 335±85 micrometers on a side has been studied for various polarizations of both incident and scattered light. Comparison with the phase function calculated for an NaCl sphere with a diameter of 335 micrometers indicates that the cubes scatter more light between the angles of 30 and 150 degrees. This is attributed to external reflections by randomly oriented cubes. Because the phase function is normalized over a 47 solid angle by definition, the diffraction peak must be smaller for cubes than spheres. The effect of surface roughness on the phase function was studied by using particles of volcanic ash. Surface roughness increases the scattering above the Mie theory predictions for angles between 40 and 120 degrees, and also considerably broadens the back scattered peak.


Silica aerogel microspheres based on alkali silica sol were synthesized using the emulsion method. The experimental results revealed that the silica aerogel microspheres (4–20 µm in diameter) were mesoporous solids with an average pore diameter ranging from 6 to 35 nm. The tapping densities and specific surface areas of the aerogel microspheres are in the range of 0.112–0.287 g/cm3 and 207.5–660.6 m2/g, respectively. The diameter of the silica aerogel microspheres could be tailored by varying the processing conditions including agitation rate, water/oil ratio, mass ratio of Span 80: Tween 80, and emulsifier concentration. The effects of these parameters on the morphology and textural properties of the synthesized silica aerogel microspheres were systematically investigated. Such silica aerogel microspheres can be used to prepare large-scale silica aerogels at an ambient pressure for applications in separation and high efficiency catalysis, which requires features of high porosity and easy fill and recovery.


Objectives: To analyze the association between socioeconomic vulnerability and use and frequentation of health care attention in a neighbourhood, by using a multidimensional operative definition of socioeconomic vulnerability. Material and Methods: A transversal survey was implemented in Casablanca neighborhood (Zaragoza, Spain). 1032 people were selected by stratified random sampling. Information about demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health perceived status and health care visits was obtained using a personal survey. Formal educational level, employment status and income level were integrated in unique classification criteria (socioeconomic vulnerability). Health care visits and user profile were described. Socioeconomic determinants of use and frequentation of health care services were studied by regression methods, controlled by three independent measures of socioeconomic vulnerability and by a single integrative indicator. Results: 30% Casablanca neighbors used health care resources during the two weeks previous to the interview. The user profile was: women, older than 60 years, with low self-rated health and diagnosed illnesses. Vulnerable people used medical resources with higher frequency than non-vulnerable people did, and a higher association was found in men. Statistically significant differences could be observed among the three socioeconomic independent measures, and the integrative unique vulnerability measure. For men, low formal educational level and unemployment predicted health care visit. However, socioeconomic vulnerability does not imply greater demand for health care. Conclusions: Although vulnerable people used with higher frequency the sanitary services than the non-vulnerable, unemployment and low income was correlated with a low frequency of visits, mainly in women and middle aged.


Slhe had been very anaemic for more than a year anid exceedingly ill in the previous summer, but had improved un(ler large (loses of arsenic, anid been fairly wvell (lurilng the winter. Her l)lood picture in October, 1911, showed no signs of perniciotus ainaemia. Oni May 23rd she was very ill with daily fever up to about 1010F., almost unable to sit up or take nourishment, witli very loud haenic murmulrs all over the cardiac area; Ier colour was the characteristic lemon yellow. A film showed typical perniicious aniaemia. On Mav 31st salvarsani 0.3 gram was injected intramuscularly. Withlini tlhree days benefit was apparent, tllough local paini was severe for about a week. In four days tlhe murmurs lbad almiiost disappeared, and the patielnt was miiuch stronPer. Blood examinationl on.June 4th shiowed a distinct improvemeilt. On June 14th the improver-ment lhad contiinued, and the same dlose was againl injecte(l in tlle buttock; this was followed by a slarp reaction; the temperature rose to 1010 F. The patient loolke(d exceedingly ill; the pallor and haemic murmurs retuirned,'aud she developed a large patch of dry pleurisv over the rihlit back. This coil(lition lasted a few days, wlhein the fe%xer slowly subsided ancd uninterrupted recovery set in.. The blood examinations oln July 2inld and 19tlh and August 7tlh (see table) showed a rapid change .in the blood picture, alnd the chlange in the appearance of the patient was Inot less remarkable. Slhe got quite a rosv look, and said she had not felt so wvell for vears.


Undergraduate Psychology moved teaching materials from the school intranet to the University Learning Management System (WebCT) during 2005. This change took place to avail students of interactive, reflective and adaptive new elearning technologies. This blended learning approach allowed academics to both provide lecture materials online as well as add to the student experience. Specifically, this has been achieved through the complete redevelopment of learning materials for first year, the incorporation of online discussions – with a dedicated online tutor for second year, and online formative assessment for both first and second year units of study. 2,456 student evaluations of the functionality and educational components of the online units of study were analysed for first and second semesters in 2005. The results of this analysis will i) help determine the elearning materials which students desire and need, ii) influence the way we develop online components of units of study in the future, and iii) determine time and staffing commitments for the development of online resources.


Now that more individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are living into adulthood, vocational attainment is an increasingly important consideration. Work is a key factor in quality of life. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the factors that are associated with work status in 183 adults with CF. Approximately half of the participants were working at the time of evaluation, an impressive figure given that the mean forced expired volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was 31.9%. The average number of hours worked was 32.7 hr/week. The majority of individuals were employed in professional, technical, or managerial occupations (accounting, teaching, law, or social work). A third were employed in clerical and sales occupations, and the remaining individuals were employed in a wide range of other occupations (hotel manager, undercover shopper, artist, or dental technician). Interestingly, FEV1 and age did not differentiate between subjects who were working and those who were not. Individuals who were working had significantly lower depression scores and a higher educational level than those who were not working. Future research is needed to determine whether it is the increased socialization and the resulting social support that may come from a work environment, or a reduction in financial stress because of better income and health benefits that helps to explain this difference. Alternatively, work may serve as a distraction from the symptoms of CF. It is likely that those with higher educational levels had more professional jobs that were more easily modified as health declined. Future research needs to assess how career choices are made, and what factors into a patient's decision to keep working. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.