This article proposes a unified methodology for designing asynchronous SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) based on the asynchronous messaging models and patterns. Conventional SOA focuses on synchronous messaging. Although asynchronous messaging provides much efficient and productive way to coordinate services, design of aSOA (asynchronous SOA) is far more complicated due to the variety of messaging and architecture while assuring behavioral consistency of architecture. This paper proposes a model-driven design methodology for aSOA. The methodology is based on aMEPs (Asynchronous Message Exchange Patterns) identified by classifying the messaging in terms of behavioral concerns. Based on the meta-model of aSOA, a set of aSOA patterns is generated by composing aMEPs. Then, an aSOA pattern is selected and transformed to a platform specific aSOA on top of Web services standards. We successfully implemented an aSOA on Apache Axis, which enables to asynchronous messaging of SOAP over SMTP. We demonstrated that conventional methods are subsets of the proposed methodology, which is the major contribution of this work.


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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe [1, 2], which has a major resource impact on both primary and secondary healthcare [3].

COPD has a huge impact on people with the condition, causing a gradual decline in functional ability and greater dependence upon health and social care support with both ageing and disease progression [4]. Patients with COPD are also likely to suffer with significant co-morbidities that further impair their quality of life and independent living [5].

Evidence is growing from audits in individual countries that COPD patient care varies widely between different hospitals and across Europe and is frequently not consistent with published guidelines [6–8]. There are many different service models and it remains unknown which deliver the best results for patients. In all likelihood, the care given to COPD patients can be improved if there is better understanding of care and service organisation factors in European hospitals that promote better outcomes.

The recent European Respiratory Society (ERS) European COPD audit, conducted in 2010–2011, provides data on quality of care from over 400 hospitals in 13 countries [9]. This study confirmed that the quality of patient care varies not just between European countries in different health systems, but that there is even greater variability between hospitals within individual countries [10].

Discharge from hospital is a key moment for patients, and data on medications, oxygen and rehabilitation relating to discharge were collected in the audit. The scope of the audit did not, however, include out-of-hospital care or specifically the views and experiences of hospital care of COPD patients themselves. Therefore, an event was designed to address this deficiency with the following aims:

1. To better understand …

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Background: Orthopaedic procedures are expensive, and devices account for a large proportion of the overall costs. Hospitals have employed a variety of strategies to decrease implant costs, but many center on restricting surgeon choice. At our institution, we developed an implant selection tool that guides surgeons toward more cost-effective implants, while minimally restricting choice. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of this tool on preferred implant usage rates, vendor attitudes toward pricing structure, and hospital implant expenditures. Methods: For 6 commonly used orthopaedic trauma devices, similar constructs were created for the 4 vendors used at our hospital, and the costs were determined. On the basis of these costs, the available options for each device type were categorized as "green" (preferred vendor), "yellow" (midrange), or "red" (used for patient-specific requirements). The "Red-Yellow-Green" chart was posted on the wall of each orthopaedic trauma operating room. To assess the effect of the tool, we compared implant usage patterns before and after implementation of the implant selection tool. We also assessed changes in vendor contract prices, as well as overall savings to our institution. Results: Implant usage changed significantly from 30% "red," 56% "yellow," and 14% "green" prior to the intervention, to 9% "red," 21% "yellow," and 70% "green" after the intervention (p < 0.0001). As a result of price renegotiation with vendors following implementation, we observed average price decreases that ranged from 1.1% to 22.4%. Average expenditures on these 6 implants decreased 20% during the study period, which represented a savings of $216,495 per year. Conclusions: At our institution, we designed and implemented "Red-Yellow-Green," a simple tool that guides surgeons toward the selection of lower-cost implants without violating vendor confidentiality clauses, limiting the implants from which surgeons can choose, or requiring surgeons to discern the prices of complex constructs. Following implementation, hospital implant expenditures decreased as a result of a combination of increased preferred vendor usage by surgeons, as well as increased competition among vendors, which resulted in lower overall prices.


Resumen de la tesis:
In this thesis, a one-stage transcritical CO2 water-to-water heat pump is numerically and experimentally analyzed in the production of hot water for the applications of space heating and domestic hot water (DHW). Different configurations commonly used in the market are studied and compared for the same water temperatures at the heat sink (evaporator) and heat source (condenser). From now on, since in CO2 transcritical cycles does not exist phase change, the condenser is called gas cooler.
Initially, four configurations (C#) are presented, three of them belong to the dry evaporator group, C1 and C2 include liquid receiver, high pressure control and superheating control, and the remaining one, C4, does not use liquid receiver, neither has high pressure control, only superheating control. The difference between C1 and C2 is a bypass that is used in C1, but, when the bypass is closed, the cycle is working in C2. The other configuration, C3, is a flooded evaporator system, with high pressure control, but without superheating since it is a flooded evaporator cycle.
One of the most important studies in this thesis is the gas cooler optimal pressure. A numerical model to describe the behavior of a CO2 transcritical heat pump for hot water production is developed and experimentally validated. This model has allowed obtaining relatively simple expressions that can be programmed in a PLC to regulate the pressure in the gas cooler by measuring the temperature of the refrigerant in three points of the cycle. The proposed model is capable of limiting the compressor discharge temperature to 140 °C while maintaining the COP with theoretical deviations of less than 2 % respect to optimal pressure conditions. The liquid receiver pressure, the evaporation temperature, the Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) efficiency and the superheating degree, have relatively low influences on the system behavior. Furthermore, since the influence of the compressor efficiency is relatively low as well, the model is applicable for a wide range of reciprocating semi-hermetic compressor models, which are the most common in the field of stationary heat pumps.
Considering the comparison of the different configurations, one of the first decisions after performing the experimental tests, is letting C4 out of the comparison since this configuration is not able to compete with the other three due to the lack of high pressure control. The second decision after analyzing that the influence of the liquid receiver is negligible showing slightly better performance when the bypass is totally closed and followed by totally opened, the first two configurations were treated as a single configuration, called "C1&C2". Therefore, the comparisons are mostly performed between "C1&C2" and C3, Furthermore, the influence of varying the heat exchangers (HX) surface is also studied for space heating applications.
For the space heating and DHW applications the differences between "C1&C2" and C3 are negligible. However, in the dry evaporator cycles, if the liquid receiver is usually regulated by a gas bypass with the aim of reducing the pressure of the lines that distribute liquid to the evaporators, to allow an adequate pressure regulation range, the liquid receiver should be sized according to the rest of the components and to the usual operating conditions. Varying the HX surfaces showed improvement in most cases numerically studied for space heating application, but there exist optimal surfaces for the different temperature range and this should be considered when designing the heat exchangers, at least for low/medium and high/very high temperatures.

http://repositorio.bib.upct.es/dspace/


Objective: To test the clinical effect of a web-based lower back pain intervention on quality of life and selected lower back pain outcomes. Design: A prospective single-blinded randomized intervention. Setting: Occupational preventive service. Subjects: One hundred office workers with non-specific subacute lower back pain. Intervention: The 50 intervention group subjects were educated daily about sitting correctly and asked to perform exercises shown by video demonstrations on the university website. The exercise routines included strengthening, mobility and stretching exercises focused on the postural stability muscles. The 50 control group subjects only received standard occupational care. Measures: Outcomes were measured by the EuroQol questionnaire five dimensions three levels, the Oswestry Disability Index, and the StarT Back Screening Tool questionnaires. At nine months, the intervention group outcomes were compared to the baseline data and the control group outcomes. Results: For 97% (n = 45) of the experimental group quality of life (clinical utility) improved significantly; 3.58 times greater than the control group. Oswestry Disability Index showed an odds ratio (OR) of 5.42 with a 37% (n = 17) change for the intervention group with respect to the control group. With regard to the StarT Back Screening Tool, 76% (n = 35) of the intervention group improved their clinical state (odds ratio = 3.04 with respect to the control group improvement). Logistic regression analysis revealed positive changes in EuroQol questionnaire, increasing the likelihood of observing positive changes in StarT Back Screening Tool (OR = 15.5) and Oswestry Disability Index (OR = 4.5). Conclusions: The intervention showed clinical improvements in quality of life and selected lower back pain outcomes in the experimental group compared to the control group.


Soon after 9/11 a research project to study new immigration into the Dallas Fort Worth metropolitan area got under way. In the questionnaire that was administered to 600 immi-grants across five different immigrant populations (Asian Indians, Vietnamese, Mexicans, Salvadorans, and Nigerians) between 2003 and 2005 we decided to include a question about the impact of 9/11 on their lives. We asked: "How has the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 affected your position as an immigrant in the United States?" This article analyzes the responses to this question, looking at similarities and differences across different immigrant populations. It also addresses the broader issue of how 9/11 has affected both immigration policy and attitudes toward the foreign-born in the United States.


Education is important to professional astronomy;
astronomy is important to education. Since science
education in schools and universities is most effective
when students use inquiry-based learning with real
scientific data and activities, the Hipparcos data base
has significant educational potential. The astrometric
data base can be used for activities and projects
which illustrate important physical and astronomical
concepts (as well as the role of random and systematic
errors, selection effects etc.). The epoch photometric
data base can also be used to develop and integrate a wide range of math and science skills, at the high school level and beyond. Many Hipparcos-based activities could be offered on-line, building on the success of the European Association for Astronomy Education's recent Astronomy On-Line project. There are, however, many schools and universities - especially in the developing countries - which do not have easy access to the Internet or to on-line data bases. I urge ESA to develop the educational potential of the Hipparcos data base, and to make it available, in appropriate form, to teachers and students worldwide.


In turbo decoding of product codes, we propose an algorithm implementation, based on the Chase-Pyndiah algorithm, which exhibits a modular, simple structure with fine grain parallelism. It is implemented into deep pipelined architectures, including an interleaving block decoding scheme, with good potential on FPGAs and MP-SoCs targets. We include an evaluation of the essential parameters of those architectures, which are situated in a different area of the block turbo decoder implementation design space.


BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most severe forms of urinary tract infections (UTI) with a higher incidence among females compared to males. Escherichia coli is the commonest causative organism isolated in 80 % of the cases in Kerala. Risk factors like structural or functional abnormalities of urogenital system, immunosuppression, comorbidities and virulence & resistance of microorganism play vital roles in predicting the prognosis. Our aim was to study the prevalence of various risk factors of acute pyelonephritis in adult patients, the clinical profile, aetiological agents and their sensitivity to antibiotics, and related complications on their usage. METHODS In a cross-sectional observational study, 100 adult patients with acute pyelonephritis admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kerala were studied between January 2016 and January 2017. Detailed history and clinical examination were carried out. Complete haemogram, random blood sugar, renal function test, urine culture and sensitivity, and ultrasonogram of abdomen and pelvis were done. RESULTS The most common age group was 40 - 49 years with a male to female ratio of 2:3. Dysuria was observed in 82 % of patients followed by increased frequency of micturition in 65 % and vomiting in 42 %. Diabetes mellitus was observed in 55 % of patients and recurrent UTI in 44 %. Escherichia coli was found in 66 % of patients followed by Klebsiella in 23 %. Culture showed that 85 % of the bacteria were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam. 44 % of the patients did not respond to the empirical antibiotic, and the failure rate was higher among those empirically treated with ciprofloxacin. 41 % of the patients developed acute kidney injury, which necessitated haemodialysis in 23 %. 14 % of the patients developed septic shock and the mortality was 10 %. CONCLUSIONS Certain risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and indwelling catheters were associated with increased incidence of complications. Hence, in presence of such risk factors appropriate treatment and preventive measures should be initiated promptly. Among the pathogens, 85 % of the organisms were sensitive to piperacillin–tazobactam. Hence, piperacillintazobactam can be recommended as the first line empirical antibiotic. KEYWORDS Acute Pyelonephritis, Urinary Tract Infection, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and E. coli


The geophysical technique of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is directly sensitive to groundwater but a part of groundwater is not detected by MRS because of an instrumental dead time, during which the signal is not recorded. In order to estimate the influence of physical and hydrous properties of the porous media on the amount of water that cannot be detected because of this instrumental dead time, laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on synthetic samples have been performed. The laboratory measurements allow recording the signal without dead time and offer the possibility of easily controlling physical properties and hydrous conditions of the media. The effect of a dead time similar to that of the common MRS instrumentation (NUMIS equipment) has been modelled on the signals and the amount of undetectable water has been estimated for different grain size distributions, different clay contents and different saturation degrees. Results show that the amount of the dead-time-related undetectable water is controlled by the distribution of the decay time T2. Both the average and the uniformity of T2 influence the percentage of undetectable water. Variations of median grain size, sorting of grains, clay content and/or saturation degree cause variations in decay time distributions. Less water is missed when median T2 is long and/or when the distribution of T2 is narrow. Generally the fraction of undetectable water decreases when enlarging or better sorting the grains, when decreasing the clay content, as well as when increasing the saturation degree. However, a median grain size lower than 0.2 mm or clay contents higher than 20% may also lead to decreasing fractions of undetectable water in comparison to respectively higher median grain size and lower clay contents because of the narrowing of the decay time distribution.


Recent graduates of teacher education programmes in Ireland are entering their careers at a
time characterized by an erosion of teacher autonomy, increased bureaucratic demands,
and narrower curriculum specifications. These changes are typical features of what Sahlberg
(2011) has termed the global educational reform movement (GERM), and evidence suggests
that they can have a negative impact on teacher morale, and on how teaching as a career is
perceived. This, in turn, can have detrimental effects on teacher recruitment and retention.
This study examined the career expectations of two cohorts of Irish pre-service teachers
(n=491) at the point of transition between college and work. The data gathered were also
used to investigate if recent changes to the B.Ed. programme are associated with any
changes in career expectations. Overall, teachers indicated strong expectations on issues
such as doing a worthwhile job, feeling satisfied with pupil achievement and fulfilling
personal needs, however, expectations with regard to the adequacy of salaries were low,
and appear to have diminished further throughout the period 2014 to 2016.


As the Imperious surface is an important index for the estimation of urbanization and environmental change, the increase of impervious surfaces causes meteorological and hydrological changes like urban climate change, urban flood discharge increasing, urban flood frequency increasing, and urban flood modelling during the rainy season. In this study, the estimation of impervious surfaces is performed by using Landsat-7 ETM+ image in An-sung area. The construction of sampling data and checking data is used by IKONOS image. It transform to a tasselled cap and NDVI through the reflexibility rate of Landsat ETM+ image and analyze various variables that influence on impervious surface. Finally, the impervious surfaces map is accomplished by regression tree algorithm.


To prevent the photodegradation process, a wide range of coatings have been developed. This study evaluated wood color change (ΔE*) and the surface quality index (SQI) generated by ASTM D-660 standards in wood protected with polyurethane and varnish finishes of three tropical species (Acacia mangium, Cedrela odorata and Tectona grandis) in two weathering conditions (natural and accelerated condition). In addition, a model was developed to predict ΔE* and SQI in natural weathering based on ΔE* and SQI from accelerated weathering. The results showed that the application of these finishes generated variations in the color parameters of wood before being exposed to the elements. Additionally, it was found that finishes generated increases in ΔE*, especially the varnish type finish, and decreasing of SQI. Finally, models were found to predict color changes or surface quality in natural weathering based on color changes or surface quality in accelerated weathering. The model algorithm was expressed by ΔE* or SQI measured (X) and time exposure (t) in accelerated weathering by equation . With these models, it is possible to predict the equivalence of exposure times in natural weathering in tropical conditions for different kinds of finishes in three tropical species. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 519–529, 2014


Abstract Ratio estimators are widely utilized in the physical and atmospheric sciences, although their properties and inherent problems are often unknown or overlooked. A number of problems and properties of ratio estimators are presented and some solutions are offered. For a correlated bivariate gamma structure, approximate and exact results are given for the mean, variance and biases of the ratio of two means. The sensitivity of these results to sample size and parameters of the bivariate gamma are indicated. The application of these results to three well-known cloud seeding experiments are presented and "corrected" estimates of the corresponding seeding effects are offered.


Rosette-forming cells were counted in three thymocyte subpopulations separated by density gradient centrifugation with Percoll. A method for the electronic counting of rosettes is described which resulted in excellent agreement with results of visual counting. By both methods, significant differences in the rosette-forming ability of the studied subpopulations were detected. Thus, in population Ia, earlier shown to consist of large cells of low density and with high spontaneous proliferative activity, the rosette frequency was 54% as compared with 70% in the whole thymus population and 83% in population II, known to consist of small, immunologically incompetent cells. The third population studied (Ib), consisting of intermediate density cells, had 74% rosette-forming cells.


Following the first reports of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) by China to the World Health Organization (WHO) on 31st December 2019, more than 4,302,774 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases have been reported by authorities in 212 countries and territories by 12th May 2020. The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 worldwide, highlights the critical need for developing rapid and accurate diagnostic testing methods for emerging human coronavirus (CoV) infections. Testing is crucial to track the spread of disease during a pandemic, and to swiftly permit public health interventions including isolation, quarantine, and appropriate clinical management of afflicted individuals. The key components of viral diagnostic tests are (1) collection of the appropriate sample (blood, nasal swab, and throat swab), (2) availability of the genetic and proteomic sequences of the novel virus for analysis, and (3) rapid and accurate laboratory testing methods. The current gold standard for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of viral nucleic acids. Other relevant laboratory methods include enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) for viral antibody and antigen detection, and serum viral neutralization (SVN) assays for antibody neutralization determination. The challenges faced in developing a diagnostic test for a novel pathogen are the ability to measure low viral loads for early detection, to provide low or no cross-reactivity with other viral strains and to deliver results rapidly. Several point-of-care molecular devices are currently being integrated for fast and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review discusses the current laboratory methods available to test for coronaviruses by focusing on the present COVID-19 outbreak.


. Controlled random tests, methods of their generation, main criteria used for their synthesis, such as the Hamming distance and the Euclidean distance, as well as their application to the testing of both hardware and software systems are discussed. Available evidences suggest that high computational complexity is one of the main drawbacks of these methods. Therefore we propose a technique to overcome this problem. A method for synthesizing multiple controlled random tests based on the use of the initial random test and addition operation has been proposed. The resulting multiple tests can be interpreted as a single controlled random test. The complexity of its construction is significantly lower than the complexity of the construction of classical random tests. Examples of generated tests as well as estimates of their effectiveness compared to other solutions have been presented in experimental studies.


The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875), is the most important insect pest in growing areas of the grapevine Vitis vinifera L. in several countries, including Mexico. In Mexico, Baja California (B.C.) is the region with the highest production of V. vinifera L. grapes for industrial purposes. Recently, the diversity of viruses infecting insects only (insect-specific viruses) has been broadly explored to elucidate further ecological viral-host interactions in many insect species, which in some cases has resulted in the application of virus-based biological control agents for insect pests. However, a survey of the Pl. ficus virome has not been done yet. In the present study, we pooled Pl. ficus individuals collected through different vineyards of Ensenada, B.C., Mexico and analysed them by meta-transcriptomics. Novel nearly complete genomes of five RNA viruses were retrieved. These viruses were related to the Iflaviridae and Reoviridae families, and to the Picornavirales and Tolivirales orders. A new isolate belonging to the Dicistroviridae family was also found. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these putative viral genomes group with viruses having hemipteran (including a mealybug species) or other insect hosts, or with viruses associated with insects. Our results suggest that the identified novel RNA viruses could be insect-specific viruses of Pl. ficus. This work is the first insight into the Pl. ficus virome; it guarantees further studies aimed to characterize those viruses with potential for application in biological control of this economically important insect.


Flow was designed with the intention that dress should compliment, not exaggerate, the natural female form. It connects with nature, not the artificial. In nature, as in the female silhouette, there are few angles. As they flow around the body, the bias lines accentuate existing curves. The color of the garment suggests natural elements such as copper, bronze, and gold. Flow is made of satin-back crepe which allows for subtle contrast of shades, lines, and texture.


INTRODUCTION
We were interested to determine the participation rates for health screening in a multi-ethnic urban low-income community. We assessed the health screening rates at baseline, collected data on reasons for non-participation and assessed the impact that a 5-month intervention had on health screening in this community.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study population involved all residents aged ≥40 years, living in heavily subsidised public rental flats in Taman Jurong Constituency, Singapore. From January 2009 to May 2009, we collected baseline information and offered eligible residents free blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid measurements, fecal occult blood testing and Pap smears. Screenings were conducted either at or near the residents' homes.

RESULTS
The participation rate was 60.9% (213/350). At baseline, 18.9% (24/127), 26.4% (42/159) and 18.7% (31/166) had gone for regular hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia screening, respectively; 3.8% (6/157) and 2.9% (2/70) had had regular colorectal and cervical cancer screening, respectively. Post-intervention, rates for hypertension screening increased to 97.6% but increases for other modalities were marginal. High cost, lack of time, not at risk, too old, or unnecessary for healthy people were commonly-cited reasons for skipping regular health screening. Being unemployed was associated with missing regular hypertension screening (adjusted OR = 2.48, CI = 1.12-5.53, P = 0.026); those who did not need financial aid were less likely to miss regular hyperlipidaemia screening (adjusted OR = 0.27, CI = 0.10-0.72, P = 0.008).

CONCLUSION
The participation rates for health screening were poor in this low-income community. More can be done to encourage regular health screening participation amongst this segment of the populace, both by reducing costs as well as addressing misperceptions.


Machine learning models that first learn a representation of a domain in terms of human-understandable concepts, then use it to make predictions, have been proposed to facilitate interpretation and interaction with models trained on high-dimensional data. However these methods have important limitations: the way they define concepts are not inherently interpretable, and they assume that concept labels either exist for individual instances or can easily be acquired from users. These limitations are particularly acute for high-dimensional tabular features. We propose an approach for learning a set of transparent concept definitions in high-dimensional tabular data that relies on users labeling concept features instead of individual instances. Our method produces concepts that both align with users' intuitive sense of what a concept means, and facilitate prediction of the downstream label by a transparent machine learning model. This ensures that the full model is transparent and intuitive, and as predictive as possible given this constraint. We demonstrate with simulated user feedback on real prediction problems, including one in a clinical domain, that this kind of direct feedback is much more efficient at learning solutions that align with ground truth concept definitions than alternative transparent approaches that rely on labeling instances or other existing interaction mechanisms, while maintaining similar predictive performance.


Herein we report the fabrication of monodispersed poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) supported palladium–cobalt nanomaterials (3.45 ± 0.36 nm) and their outstanding efficiency as catalysts in dimethylamine-borane dehydrogenation. By the use of an ultrasonic double reduction method, palladium and cobalt cations were co-reduced in PVP solution and then the prepared nanocatalysts were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, XPS and HR-TEM-EDX analyses. The nanocatalysts could be easily reused, and at extremely low concentrations and temperature they showed record catalytic activity, giving the best catalytic performance yet with a very high turnover frequency (330.94 h−1) and a low Ea value of 50.78 ± 2 kJ mol−1 for DMAB dehydrocoupling.


Aim: This prospective analysis of the findings of bone scans done for skeletal fracture assessment was undertaken to compare the findings of the Triple phase Bone scan and the Scintimetric Characterization by Dr.V.Siva's retention ratio in the assessment and evaluation of the skeletal fracture. Materials and Method: In this total study population of 39, had 19 males and 20 females. The 3 phases were acquired immediately after the intra-venous injection of 25 mCi of Tc99m MDP in a dynamic fashion centering over the fracture site. The dual head gamma camera e-Cam was used. The static Skeletal phase image and the 4 h whole body bone scan images were acquired 4 h after injection. The images were processed, and the results were tabulated. The 24 h static Skeletal phase image was acquired the next day. The 4/24 h Dr.V.Siva's retention ratios were calculated using the region ratio protocol and tabulated. Results: The 3phase bone scan analysis revealed that 18/39 46 % were of malignant nature and 21/39 54% were of benign or non-malignant causes. The Scintimetric Characterization of the malignant lesions by Dr.V.Siva's retention ratio was 12.8 +/- 1.79 and that of the Non- malignant lesions was 5.8 +/- 2.41 indicating the gross difference between the two groups. The statistical analysis also confirmed the significant difference between the two groups. There was absolute concordance between the Triple phase bone scan findings and the Scintimetric Characterization by Dr.V.Siva's retention ration in 30/39=77% of patients and the discordant between the two was noted in 9/39=23 % patients. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Scintimetric Characterization of fracture site by Dr.V.Siva's Retention ratio along with the Triple phase bone scan findings helps in the proper identification of the underlying pathological process in as high as 23% of the study.


To estimate soil stiffness parameters under spudcan foundations and assess the performance of a jack-up rig, a strategy for identifying spudcan fixity of a jack-up rig based on the measured acceleration responses is developed. The finite element model of a jack-up rig is set up, in which the interaction of soil and a spudcan foundation is modeled as a system of horizontal, vertical, and rotational elastic springs. The 'measured' acceleration responses along each leg is archived by simulating the jack-up under a selected storm loading in the North sea, including random wave, current and wind loadings. The random wave loading is calculated using JONSWAP water surface elevation spectrum in conjunction with Morison's equation. The spudcan fixity of a jack-up rig is effectively identified using an improved genetic algorithm (GA) method. The identification strategy proposed works by matching the time histories of the measured accelerations up with those of the numerical simulated accelerations through an objective function in GA. The results indicate that the soil stiffness parameters under spudcan foundations are exactly identified in noise free case. Error less than 1.2% in identified rotational and vertical spring stiffnesses of interest is archived with the worst case of 10% noise and only two acceleration measurements at hull. In addition, it is observed that the vertical and rotational stiffness parameters are more accurately identified than the horizontal one. The identified stiffness values of spudcan fixity help to enhance the understanding of jack-up foundation behavior and improve the operational envelop for a specific jack-up design. With full-scale measurements of environmental conditions and dynamic responses of a jack-up rig, this strategy can be employed to verify recent findings on the conservatism of predicting soil stiffness parameters.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


A protocol is described for forming reconnectable sub-5 nm nanogaps in single ultralong (>100 microm) gold nanowires fabricated by lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE). During an initial computer-controlled electromigration process, gold nanowires with a rectangular cross-section were transformed by the formation of a constriction at a single point along the 250 microm length of the nanowire, and within this constriction a nanogap of width <5 nm. After this initial nanogap formation, 42% (19 of 45) of the gaps could be reconnected by applying a voltage ramp, restoring the electrical resistance of the original nanowire to within 10%. The voltage threshold for nanogap reconnection was narrowly distributed across multiple wires and nanogaps and in the range from 2 to 3 V. Using voltage programming, it was possible to cycle between the open and closed states for some nanogaps more than 100 times. We propose that the mechanism for reconnection involves the field evaporation of gold, qualitatively as observed previously for metal transfer from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope.


The purpose of this study is to describe (1) conceptual and procedural errors in solving mathematical problems related to parabola and hyperbole in STKIP Paris Barantai Kotabaru semester III students in the 2019/2010 school year; (2) the causes of conceptual and procedural errors in solving mathematical problems related to parabola and hyperbole in the third semester students of STKIP Paris Barantai Kotabaru in the academic year 2019/2010. This research is categorized into qualitative research with a descriptive-explorative approach. Data collection techniques through the provision of diagnostic tests and through interviews. The research subjects consisted of 6 (six) people, who were divided into 3 (three) categories namely, 2 (two) low-ability students, 2 (two) medium-ability students, and 2 (two) high-ability students. The results showed that: 1) Conceptual errors that occur in low category subjects were wrong in the agreed concept, and were not quite right in using the formula or theorem in solving a problem; 2) Procedural errors occur in middle category subjects and low category subjects;  3) Concept and procedural errors (occur) occur in low category subjects, namely a) errors using formulas, b) irregularities in the steps to solve problems, and c) student errors in observing and looking for clues.

Keywords: Profile, Procedural Error, Conceptual Error, Flat Alitic Geometry.


This paper presents a synthesis of the applications of evaporite mineralogy and the relationship between major elements for the palaeoclimatological research of arid regions, with examples from Playa Oum el Krialate in Tunisia, Wadi Natron in Egypt, East African Rift Valley, etc. The numerous evaporite minerals serving as indicators of palaeo-drylands (salinity and evaporation) include carbonates, sulfates, and Na, K, Ca, and Mg chlorides. The occurrence of double salts, such as glauberite, carnallite, kainite, gaylussite, pirssonite, burkeite, etc., suggests disequilibrium conditions. Apart from that, the presence of very rare Fe-sulfates, such as rozenite and szomolnokite, indicates anoxic conditions with higher salinity. The formation of Na-silicates, such as magadiite and kenyaite, implies a decrease in pH of a highly alkaline Na concentrated brine. The Mg-silicates (palygorskite, Mg-montmorillonite and talc) form quickly and then re-dissolve when conditions change. Identification of fulgurites in the Sahara has been related to palaeo-lightning. We have also discussed a simple geochemical approach of using the ratios of soluble/insoluble elements to identify palaeo-arid events with examples from loess-soil sequences from Feiran Oasis in the Sinai Desert (Egypt) and salty silt lacustrine sequences from Thar Desert (India).


Summary Fluoxetine hydrochloride (CAS 59333-67-4) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used as antidepressant drug. The aim of the present trial was to assess the bioequivalence of a new formulation of the drug (test formulation) as compared to a reference product from the Swiss market. Both drugs were available as 20 mg dispersible tablets. The trial was performed according to a two-period, two-sequence, balanced, randomised, single-dose design with a wash-out phase of at least 56 days. The two formulations were tested in 30 male healthy volunteers. A specific highly sensitive bioassay in tandem mass spectrometry allowed to set the limit of quantification to 100 pg/ml for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine. Average tmax was 5.4 h for fluoxetine and 71–80 h for norfluoxetine. The peak concentration was on average 14 ng/ml for fluoxetine and 10.5 ng/ml for norfluoxetine. Half-life was on average 48–50 h for fluoxetine and 130–138 h for norfluoxetine. AUC∞ for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were on average 790 and 2800 ng · ml−1 · h, respectively. All these figures demonstrate that plasma concentration-time profiles of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine are quite different. Applied statistical tests, suggested by operating guidelines, demonstrated bioequivalence of the test formulation and the reference formulation. The conclusion on bioequivalence was based on both fluoxetine and norfluoxetine results. 90 % confidence Intervals for Cmax, AUCt and AUC∞ (fluoxetine and norfluoxetine) were within the acceptance range (0.80–1.25) and tmax, processed with a non-parametric test, did not show any statistically significant difference between test and reference formulation Safety and tolerability proved to be similarly good with both test and reference formulation. In conclusion, the present trial has demonstrated bioequivalence of the test and the reference formulation, both consisting of fluoxetine hydrochloride dispersible tablets.


The psoriatic disease concept includes psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). PsO is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by scaling lesions, typically localized on the extensor surfaces and the trunk. PsA is a chronic inflammatory skeletal disease associated with PsO. PsA has heterogeneous clinical manifestations with some forms clearly linked to the spondyloarthritis (SpA) concept. PsA is a common disease, but many aspects of this disorder remain enigmatic. Lingering questions focus on the precise relationship between manifestations of joint and skin disease and on molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation and immunity that lead to the cardinal symptoms. During the last year new insights have been developed to shed further light on some of the enigmatic aspects of the disease. In addition to biological therapies targeting tumor necrosis factor, new treatments are shown to be effective for skin or joint disease. These include strategies directed against interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 but also non-biologic targeted therapies such as apremilast. Long-term data provide further insights into the management of the disease. In this regard, increased evidence for the necessity of treating comorbidity strongly supports the concept of a holistic disease management. Progress in imaging illustrates some key anatomic and pathophysiological concepts that help understanding the development, progression and consequences of the disease. Finally basic and translational science approaches identified key cell types and cytokines involved in the disease and link out towards the microbiome. Large investments into genetics of psoriatic arthritis finally seem to pay off by identifying factors that are specifically linked to the joint disease. Disclosure of Interest R. Lories Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Pfizer, Consultant for: Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer, UCB


Fluctuation-dissipation relations (FDRs) and time-reversal symmetry (TRS), two pillars of statistical mechanics, are both broken in generic driven-dissipative systems. These systems rather lead to non-equilibrium steady states far from thermal equilibrium. Driven-dissipative Ising-type models, however, are widely believed to exhibit effective thermal critical behavior near their phase transitions. Contrary to this picture, we show that both the FDR and TRS are broken even macroscopically at, or near, criticality. This is shown by inspecting different observables, both even and odd operators under time-reversal transformation, that overlap with the order parameter. Remarkably, however, a modified form of the FDR as well as TRS still holds, but with drastic consequences for the correlation and response functions as well as the Onsager reciprocity relations. Finally, we find that, at criticality, TRS remains broken even in the weakly-dissipative limit.


OBJECT
Embolization of intracranial aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) is proving to be a safe method of protecting aneurysms from rupture. Occasionally, patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms present with symptoms related to the aneurysm's mass effect on either the brain parenchyma or cranial nerves. In the present study, the authors conducted a retrospective review to evaluate the response to GDC embolization in a series of 19 patients presenting with cranial nerve dysfunction due to mass effect.

METHODS
Aneurysms were classified by size, shape, wall calcification, and amount of intraluminal thrombus. Patients were classified by duration of symptoms prior to GDC treatment (range < 1 month to > 10 years). Clinical assessment was performed within days of the GDC procedure and at later follow-up appointments (range 1-70 months, mean 24 months). In the immediate post-GDC period, four patients experienced worsening of cranial nerve deficits. Two of the four patients had transient worsening of visual acuity, which later improved to better than baseline status. Another patient who had presented with headache and seventh and eighth cranial nerve deficits from a vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm had improvement in these symptoms, but developed a new diplopia. The fourth patient had worsening of her visual acuity, which had not resolved at the 1-month follow-up examination; this patient later underwent surgical decompression.

CONCLUSIONS
On late follow-up review, the response was classified as complete resolution of symptoms in six patients (32%), improvement in eight patients (42%), no significant change in four patients (21%), and symptom worsening in one patient (5%). Patients with smaller aneurysms and those with shorter pretreatment duration of symptoms were more likely to experience an improvement in their symptoms following GDC treatment, although statistical significance was not reached in this series (p=0.603 and p=0.111, respectively). The presence of aneurysmal wall calcification (six patients) or intraluminal thrombus (12 patients) showed no correlation with the response of mass effect symptoms in these patients.


Many programming languages and proof assistants are defined by elaboration from a high-level language with a great deal of implicit information to a highly explicit core language. In many advanced languages, these elaboration facilities contain powerful tools for program construction, but these tools are rarely designed to be repurposed by users. We describe elaborator reflection, a paradigm for metaprogramming in which the elaboration machinery is made directly available to metaprograms, as well as a concrete realization of elaborator reflection in Idris, a functional language with full dependent types. We demonstrate the applicability of Idris's reflected elaboration framework to a number of realistic problems, we discuss the motivation for the specific features of its design, and we explore the broader meaning of elaborator reflection as it can relate to other languages.


Star apple (Chrysophylum cainito L.) belongs to sapotaceas family where there are many trees and shrubs widely distributed
in the tropics of both hemispheres. The star apple fruit has an exquisite taste and it is usually consumed as fresh fruit, has
well-priced addition to the export market, with features that make it one of the tropical fruits with great potential for
exploitation. In this study creole materials of star apple were evaluated. The fruits were collected in Zapotal Zaragoza and
Juana Moza Ejidos of the Municipality of Tuxpan, Veracruz. They were transferred to Plant Physiology Laboratory of the
Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y Agronomicas of Universidad Veracruzana. Ten fruits per tree were collected in 200 trees.
Fruit, peel and pulp weight, seed number, seed weight was determined in each fruit. It is considered that the wide variation
in these traits makes possible to search for materials with a higher proportion of pulp to increase its potential use as fresh or
processed fruit.


Behavioral events during epileptic seizures, while varied, comprise only a portion of the total spectrum of human behavior. Studies using intensive video monitoring have permitted insight into the common and uncommon events in epileptic seizures. Comparison of data from these studies with data from other disorders, notably psychiatric disease, allows a more complete understanding of the nature of these disorders and of the differential diagnosis of each. Disorders in which consciousness is altered are common and heterogeneous; it is now possible to differentiate these various disorders. The information presented here provides a framework for the physician confronted with these diagnostic dilemmas.


Simple Summary Reactive oxygen species that accumulate during liquid storage of boar semen lead to oxidative stress to sperm. In this study, we found that proline significantly improved boar sperm quality and protected sperm against oxidative damages during liquid storage at 17 °C. Using the model of artificially induced oxidative stress, we found that proline exerted an antioxidative role by modulating redox homeostasis in boar sperm. The secondary amine structure of proline and proline dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism are involved in the antioxidative role. We suggest that addition of proline to the extender would be beneficial to improve boar sperm quality. Abstract Proline was reported to improve sperm quality in rams, stallions, cynomolgus monkeys, donkeys, and canines during cryopreservation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proline on boar semen during liquid storage at 17 °C and explore the underlying mechanism. Freshly ejaculated boar semen was supplemented with different concentrations of proline (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 mM) and stored at 17 °C for nine days. Sperm motility patterns, membrane integrity, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and GSH (glutathione) levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated after storage for up to five days. It was observed that boar sperm quality gradually decreased with the extension of storage time, while the ROS levels increased. Addition of 75 mM proline not only significantly improved sperm membrane integrity, motility, and ATP levels but also maintained the redox homeostasis via increasing the GSH levels and activities of CAT and SOD. When hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce oxidative stress, addition of proline significantly improved sperm quality and reduced ROS levels. Moreover, addition of proline also improved sperm quality during the rapid cooling process. Notably, addition of DL-PCA (DL-pipecolinic acid) rescued the reduction of progressive motility and total motility caused by H2O2, and THFA (tetrahydro-2-furoic acid) failed to provide protection. Furthermore, addition of proline at 75 mM increased the activity of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and attenuated the H2O2-induced reduction in progressive motility. These data demonstrate that proline protects sperm against oxidative stress through the secondary amine structure and proline dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism.


Landfilling of municipal waste is a major problem of the waste management system in Indonesia. The generated leachate must be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment because it ivas toxic. The aim of this research was to compare the coagulation, ozonation, coagulation-ozonation, and ozonation- coagulation processes of landfill leachate at  TPA Bantar Gebang Bekasi, to classify the result of landfill leachate treatment, and to provide an efficient methodf or the treatment ofleachates, in order to reduce pollutants' content to concentration values lower than the corresponding limits. The variables selected in this research were types of coagulant, dosage of coagulant, and time duration of ozonation process. Parameters selected in this research were colour, taste,  pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD), Total of Suspended Solid ( TSS), Chloride ion (Cl) and ammonia ion( NH4+). The result of research have shown that the best optimum method of landfall leachate treatment was coagulation-ozonation combination process using FeC13 0.25% as a coagulant and a ozonator (0.25 g 03//h) for 75 minutes at pH of 9. The process succeed to degrade the value of COD, Cl, NII; were about 90,91%, 13,45% , 6,68%, respectively and category of B grade for treated leachate.


Recommender systems utilize the times of yore experiences and preferences of the target customers as a basis to offer personalized recommendations for them as well as resolve the information overloading hitch. Personalized recommendation methods are primarily classified into content-based recommendation approach and collaborative filtering recommendation approach. Both recommendation approaches have their own advantages, drawbacks and complementarities. Because conventional recommendation techniques don't consider the contextual information, the real factor why a customer likes a specific product is unable to be understood. Therefore, in reality, it often causes a decrease in the accuracy of the recommendation results and also persuades the recommendation quality. In this paper, we propose the integrated contextual information as the foundation concept of multidimensional recommendation model and use the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) ability of data warehousing to solve the contradicting tribulations among hierarchy ratings. This work hopes that by establishing additional user profiles and multidimensional analysis to find the key factors affecting user perceptions.


OBJECTIVE
To report a case of a patient who developed an acute and transient, tender, and bilateral swelling of the thyroid that occurred during fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of a solitary nodule in the left thyroid lobe; to add accurate ultrasound measurements to support our clinical observation; and to analyze a possible underlying mechanism of this rare condition. RESULTS AND CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP: The calculated thyroid volume increased from 23 to 57 mL before and at 4 minutes, respectively, after the needle aspiration, but the thyroid volume returned to prediagnostic level after 4 hours. Cytology, serum calcitonin, and histology were concordant, and the nodule was diagnosed as a medullary thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was positive for calcitonin, chromogranin, and the very potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).

CONCLUSION
This is a rare case of acute and transient thyroid swelling during a common procedure as FNA of a thyroid nodule. This is the first case with documented acute volume expansion quantified by ultrasound measurements supporting our clinical observation, which is in accordance with two historical case reports. The clinical and ultrasound data support the hypothesis of vasodilation as the underlying mechanism, possibly evoked by the release of the vasodilator CGRP.


Multiple-breath N2 washouts (WO) and washins (WI) were performed during regular tidal breathing in 11 unsedated healthy steers approaching pulmonary functional maturity (mean body weight = 271 kg). They inspired 20% O2 in 80% Ar during the WO and air during the WI. For each steer, we computed two indexes of ventilation inhomogeneity from the N2 WO curves: 1) the curvilinearity of the logarithm of end-tidal N2 concentrations as a function of cumulative expired volume reflected in the ratio of two slopes fitted between 100 and 50% and between 50 and 10%, respectively, of end-tidal N2 concentration of the first breath of the WO; and 2) the N2 phase III slope divided by the mean expired concentration (Sn) of each breath also plotted as a function of cumulative expired volume. Equivalent computation of both parameters was done on WI and WO curves, and similar results were obtained. The mean slope ratio was 0.812 +/- 0.119 (SD) for all the steers, which is consistent with topographic gravity-dependent specific ventilation distribution inhomogeneity. Sn was independent of the breath number both for WO and WI (mean Sn = 0.130 +/- 0.057 liters-1), suggesting that emptying between unequally ventilated units, is synchronous. This behavior resembles that observed in rats postmortem (S. Verbanck, E.R. Weibel, and M. Paiva. J. Appl Physiol. 71: 847-854, 1991) but contrasts with experiments in humans, in whom convection-dependent ventilation inhomogeneities generate a marked increase in Sn throughout the entire WO (A. B. H. Crawford, M. Makowska, M. Paiva, and L. A. Engel. J. Appl. Physiol. 59: 838-846, 1985). This is surprising because one would expect gravity-dependent sequential emptying in animals of this size.


This article includes the results of the electron microscope study and the first taxonomic description of 13 calcareous nannofossil species from the Paleocene-Eocene sediments from the borehole material of Northern Precaucasus (Russia) and the south-eastern part of the Great Donbas (Ukraine). The described species belong to the genus of Helicosphaera, Chiasmolithus and Nannotetrina.


Proposes a modified Fourier transform for the inversion of the visibility function acquired by an unidimensional interferometer observing the surface of the Earth from a low orbit. The inversion of the visibility function by the mean of the usual Fourier transform provides a profile of geometrically distorted brightness temperatures. A modified Fourier transform which takes into account the geometrical considerations of the problem and which avoids making geometrical corrections is described. The authors study the behaviour of this new transform when the input signal is corrupted with white noise. A convolution product associated with this modified Fourier transform is also defined.<<ETX>>


Lectures can nowadays be recorded on video without much difficulty. Here the author relates his own attempt at creating a video for distance learning and describes the benefits and possible pitfalls.


Pertussis (whooping cough) has been on the rise over the past few decades. In 2014, the World Health Organization estimates 50 million cases with 300,000 fatalities will occur worldwide. This article presents the history of pertussis, possible reasons for the rise in prevalence, symptoms, management of illness, vaccination across the lifespan, and worldwide prevention efforts. The critical role nurses play in vaccination and pertussis education is emphasized.


The main motivation of the present work was to study the competition between microphase separation and crystallization in crystallizable block copolymers, as well as to contribute to the understanding of the crystallization process in polymers by following the crystallization kinetics in a confined microphase. Sequential living anionic polymerization has been employed to synthesize novel polybutadiene-block-polystyrene-blockpoly(ethylene oxide) (PB-b-PS-b-PEO) linear triblock terpolymers where the PEO is able to crystallize. The further catalytic hydrogenation lead to polyethylene-blockpolystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PE-b-PS-b-PEO), a triblock terpolymer with two crystallizable blocks. The morphology in bulk of the different triblock terpolymer compositions was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Thin film morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Crystallization kinetics of both PEO and PE blocks was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using different thermal protocols and the data were fitted to the Avrami equation.


Web services technologies are being developed as the foundation of a new generation of B2B applications. One of the direct impacts is its replacement of the traditional FTP-based EDI systems in the retail industry. This paper illustrates the design of systems using these two approaches and discusses the differences and important issues related to order information storage, data transmission, system extensibility, and security.


Based on W. Edwards Deming's theory of profound knowledge to achieve economic development, the importance of a hypothetical relationship between a national entrepreneurship system and a national innovation system is presented in this article. In a sense, entrepreneurship is an activity that occurs in the space between technology push and market pull. To demonstrate the hypothesis regarding the existence of this relationship, a dynamic system simulation is proposed to validate it. A causal model is formulated for its construction and subsequent simulation. A research plan to build, validate and calibrate a causal model according to the literature guidelines is presented. Finally, this research plan is proposed to become a baseline methodology to analyze a national-innovation system in a systematic way.


Major industrialized countries, including China, are gradually aging, and resource constraints are increasingly tense. The traditional production system can no longer meet the requirements of sustainable economic development. However, with the rapid development of digital economy, it is becoming the main trend to promote the high-quality development of economy through the development of digital economy. At the same time, people are generally concerned about not only whether big data and AI can increase productivity but also whether Digital Gap will be deepened.The Chinese government also attaches importance to the development of digital economy and started the construction of National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone in 2015. Through undertaking seven tasks, the Pilot Zone has promoted the development of regional digital economy. Based on this rare quasi-natural experiment, this paper evaluates the effect of digital economy development on regional total factor productivity. We use the balanced panel data of China's prefecture-level cities from 2013 to 2017 to estimate the Generalized DID model, and find that the Pilot Zone significantly improves the regional total factor productivity, which is dominated by pure technological progress. At the same time, the Pilot Zone helps to increase the innovation related to regional and digital industries, and enhance the intellectualization and R&D level of manufacturing enterprises in the zone.In addition to the average effect of the Pilot Zone on productivity, we also test whether the development of digital economy can help relatively backward areas achieve leapfrog development. We find that the Pilot Zone has a stronger promotion effect on total factor productivity in less developed areas, less innovative areas and areas with higher industrial structure. In addition, the Pilot Zone has a greater role in promoting the total factor productivity of areas with net labor loss. Therefore, we suggest that regions with insufficient economic growth momentum, especially those with aging and serious labor outflow, can develop big data and artificial intelligence industry to alleviate the pressure of development.The possible marginal contribution of this paper lies in the following aspects: First, in the environment of benign interaction between government and effective market, the government has issued regional industrial policies to promote the development of big data industry, but no literature has investigated whether these policies will promote regional productivity. Second, there is a lack of empirical research on whether big data industry can promote productivity at the meso level which is directly related to the local economy. From the perspective of National Big Data Comprehensive Pilot Zone, this paper analyzes it as a policy variable to fill the gap in this aspect. Finally, although the existing literature generally agrees that the Internet and intellectualization play a positive role in economic growth, it does not reach a consensus on whether the digital divide will continue to deepen. Through the heterogeneity analysis, this paper examines whether the relatively backward regions can achieve leapfrog development through the development of digital industry under the background of unbalanced regional development in China.


. In a recent paper we have deduced the basic equations that predict the emission of gravitational waves (GW) according to the Einstein gravitation theory. In a subsequent paper these equations have been used to calculate the luminosities and the amplitudes of the waves generated by binary stars, pulsations of neutron stars, wobbling of deformed neutron stars, oscillating quadrupoles, rotating bars and collapsing and bouncing cores of supernovas . We show here how the GW could be detected in our laboratories. This paper, like the preceding ones, was written to graduate and postgraduate students of Physics.


E-commerce as an aggregation of activities concerning trading and rendering service to customers using internet is important for firms of all size to preserve competitiveness in global markets However, introduction of e-commerce means also introduction of new business models. To incorporate new business models into existing company structure is not easy. The paper deals with principles of e-commerce preparation and introduction in a company. Due to crosscutting impacts of e-commerce deployment a careful analysis based also on value chains leading to business application patterns is recommended. From the actual architecture point of view, an e-commerce portal as general interface between company ERP system and external environment seems to be the best solution. Proposed architecture is illustrated by an example of e-commerce portal connection to Microsoft Dynamics NAV system in a real company.


Quantized nano-objects offer a myriad of exciting possibilities for manipulating electrons and light that impact photonics, nanoelectronics, and quantum information. In this context, ultrashort laser pulses combined with nanotips and field emission have permitted renewing nano-characterization and control electron dynamics with unprecedented space and time resolution reaching femtosecond and even attosecond regimes. A crucial missing step in these experiments is that no signature of quantized energy levels has yet been observed. We combine in situ nanostructuration of nanotips and ultrashort laser pulse excitation to induce multiphoton excitation and electron emission from a single quantized nano-object attached at the apex of a metal nanotip. Femtosecond induced tunneling through well-defined localized confinement states that are tunable in energy is demonstrated. This paves the way for the development of ultrafast manipulation of electron emission from isolated nano-objects including stereographically fixed individual molecules and high brightness, ultrafast, coherent single electron sources for quantum optics experiments.


Prion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders; examples include the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease affecting humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle. The causative agents of these diseases--the prions--are thought to consist of the pathogenic isoform of the prion protein PrP(Sc), which is produced by the conformational conversion of the normal isoform PrP(c). Many lines of evidence indicate that the constitutive conversion of PrP(c) to PrP(Sc), resulting in a marked accumulation of PrP(Sc) in the brain, is a central event in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. A large number of compounds have been identified as anti-prion agents and capable of reducing the PrP(Sc) levels in infected cells. Some of these compounds have been found to be partially effective in infected animals, thus resulting in the prolongation of the incubation or survival times and a few of these compounds were or are under clinical trials. However, none of these compounds have proven to be therapeutically effective against this group of diseases. This is probably because (1) these compounds fail to cross the blood-brain barrier and (2) their effectiveness is reduced because they are administered only to patients with clinically advanced disease owing to a lack of diagnostic indicators for presymptomatic individuals. In this communication, we systematically list these anti-prion compounds and summarize their effectiveness and possible mechanisms of action.


• O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM, Leong LS. Studies of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs: The pharmacodynamics of warfarin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1963;42(10):1542-1551 • O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM. Studies on coumarin anticoagulant drugs Initiation of warfarin therapy without a loading dose. Circulation 1968;38:169-177 Objective: NONMEM users typically demonstrate the adequacy of a model by displaying plots of PRED vs DV or IPRED vs DV along with weighted and unweighted residuals. These are often called the standard diagnostic plots. An alternative way of evaluating a model is to simulate from the final estimates and compare the distribution of the observations with the simulated distribution. A plot of the time course of the observations and prediction interval for the simulated values provides a visual predictive check. The objective of this report is to compare the standard diagnostic plots with the visual predictive check in terms of their ability to suggest improvements to the model structure and confirm the suitability of the final model. Methods: Plasma warfarin concentrations and effects on prothrombin complex activity have been reported by O'Reilly et al. (1, 2). These data were fitted with a one compartment disposition model with first-order input and elimination plus either an immediate effect model, an effect compartment model or a turnover model. The turnover model is known a priori to be the most appropriate mechanistic model. Results: The standard diagnostic plots did not give a clear indication of the best model. There was some indication in the residual plot that the immediate effect model was not performing well at the time of the earliest post treatment prothrombin complex observation. The visual predictive check demonstrated the lack of fit of the direct and effect compartment models both for structural and stochastic components. Conclusion: The standard diagnostic plots should be called Rorschach plots because their interpretation is dependent on the mind of the observer. The visual predictive check is diagnostic of both the fixed and random effects parts of a PKPD model. References: 1. O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM. Studies on coumarin anticoagulant drugs. Initiation of warfarin therapy without a loading dose. Circulation 1968;38:169-177. 2. O'Reilly RA, Aggeler PM, Leong LS. Studies of the coumarin anticoagulant drugs: The pharmacodynamics of warfarin in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1963;42(10):1542-1551.


The Geminids meteoroid stream produces one of the most intense meteor showers at Earth. It is an unusual stream in that its parent body is understood to be an asteroid, (3200) Phaethon, unlike most streams, which are formed via ongoing cometary activity. Until recently, our primary understanding of this stream came from Earth-based measurements of the Geminids meteor shower. However, the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) spacecraft has transited near the core of the stream close to its perihelion and provides a new platform to better understand this unique stream. Here, we create a dynamical model of the Geminids meteoroid stream, calibrate its total density to Earth-based measurements, and compare this model to recent observations of the dust environment near the Sun by PSP. For the formation mechanisms considered, we find with the exception of very near perihelion the core of the meteoroid stream predominantly lies interior to the orbit of its parent body and we expect grains in the stream to be ≳10 μm in radius. Data–model comparisons of the location of the stream relative to Phaethon's orbit near perihelion are more consistent with a catastrophic formation scenario, with the core stream residing near or outside the orbit of its parent body consistent with PSP observations. This is in contrast to a cometary formation mechanism, where even near the Sun the meteoroid stream is interior to the orbit of its parent body. Finally, while PSP transits very near the core of the stream, the impact rate expected from Geminids meteoroids is orders of magnitude below the impact rates observed by PSP, and hence undetectable in situ. We similarly expect the upcoming DESTINY+ mission to be unable to detect appreciable quantities of Geminids grains far from (3200) Phaethon.


In a given 2D space, we can have points with different levels of importance. One would prefer viewing those points from a closer/farther position per their level of importance. A point in 2D from where the user can view two given points per his/her preference of distance is termed a scenic point. We develop the concept of scenic paths in a 2D space for two points that have weights associated with them. Subsequently, we propose algorithms to generate scenic routes a traveler can take, which cater to certain principles which define the scenic routes. Following are the contributions of this paper: (1) mathematical formulation of a scenic point, (2) introduction of scenic routes formed by such scenic points in two-class point configurations in 2D spaces, and (3) design of scenic route generation algorithms that fulfill certain defined requirements.


D. Gale Johnson, one of the foremost agricultural economists, has changed the conduct of research on agricultural economics and policy. The papers brought together here reveal of his influence on the creation of modern agricultural economics. This volume collects Johnson's most important work. These papers explore the consequences of government intervention in United States and world agriculture; the economics of agricultural supply and of rural labour and human capital issues; and the analysis of agricultural productivity in poor countries, including centrally-planned economies of China and Eastern Europe. Models of precise reasoning and powerful empirical research, the papers cover a range of topics - from US commodity price policy to the economics of population control and farm policy reform in China.


Introduction The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily consists of a number of cytokines that regulate a variety of cellular processes. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a distant member of this TGFβ family with limited sequence homology to other members of this group. Its role in inflammatory arthritis is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the role of GDF15 across various inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Methods GDF15 levels were determined by ELISA in three different populations. An exploratory study included serum samples from a consecutive cohort of 555 patients where serum was collected initially during diagnostic investigation. A second population constituted of patients with an indication for an arthroscopic procedure for diagnostic purposes. A third consisted of a cohort of RA patients in which the efficacy of infliximab was evaluated. Synovial tissue biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected, RNA isolated and qPCR for GDF15 conducted. Results In all cohorts, inflammatory rheumatic diseases showed elevated GDF15 levels, except SpA. Interestingly, these patients showed near normal GDF15 serum levels. PsA patients only, but not RA patients or non-PsA SpA patients, show a significant higher concentration of GDF15 in synovial fluid compared to serum, pointing to a local production of GDF15 in the synovial joint. In line herewith, GDF15 mRNA levels were markedly higher in synovial tissue versus PBMC. In general, no significant correlations were observed between GDF15 serum levels and inflammation markers (CRP, ESR), indicating that GDF15 serum levels might be indicative for a distinct underlying disease process. Moreover, suppression of inflammation by antitumour necrosis factor α treatment does not affect GDF15 serum levels. Remarkably, SpA patients only, showed a strong positive correlation between GDF15 synovial fluid levels and levels of MMP3 and MMP1. In these patients, GDF15 synovial fluid levels also correlated with inflammation parameters (CRP, ESR). Given the involvement of MMPs in joint degradation, the observed correlations demonstrate an intriguing relationship between synovial GDF15 levels and local disease activity in SpA patients. Conclusion Overall, our results highlight a markedly distinct regulation of GDF15 in SpA as opposed to other inflammatory rheumatic disease. Based hereon and the knowledge that other members of the TGFβ family, have been linked to the modulation of the immune system as well as to bone formation, a process that differentiates RA from SpA, the authors anticipate that the elevated synovial fluid levels of GDF15 might be related to the remodeling features that typically are associated with SpA associated arthritis.


In this work, we report on the structural investigation by transmission electron microscopy of molybdenum-based mixed oxides for use as gas sensitive films. In particular, sol–gel thin films of molybdenum–titanium and molybdenum–tungsten oxides, deposited by spin coating on silicon substrates, have been analyzed by selected area electron diffraction, conventional, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that the relative percentage of the molybdenum precursors used during the sol–gel deposition controls the morphology of the films, by modifying the size and the arrangements of the polycrystalline grains on the substrate.


To assess the association of probiotics with depression, a large population-based cross-sectional study was conducted. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey adult participants from 2005 through 2012 were included. Exposure was defined as having consumed any probiotic food or supplement on any of the interview days. Subjects were classified as depressed if Patient Health Questionnaire scores were ≥10. Of the 18,019 subjects included, 14.11% consumed probiotics. Unadjusted analysis suggested that subjects who consumed probiotics had lower odds of depression (OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.45-0.75). After adjustment for characteristics associated with depression and probiotic exposure, the effect was attenuated (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.61-1.1) and no longer significant. Use of probiotics is not associated with lower rates of depression in this national sample.


Polyglycerol as a water-soluble and biocompatible hyperbranched polymer was covalently grafted on the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. With this aim, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation in aqueous media, then the surface of nanoparticles was modified to introduce the reactive groups on the surface of nanoparticles. After that, polyglycerol was grafted on the surface of nanoparticles by ring-opening anionic polymerization of glycidol using n-bulyllithium as initiator. The magnetometry, relaxometry and phantom MRI experiments of this highly stable ferrofluid showed its high potential as a negative MRI contrast agent. Calculated r(1) and r(2) relaxivities at different magnetic fields were higher than the values reported for commercially available iron oxide contrast agents. The in vivo MRI studies showed that, after intravenous injection into mice, the particles produced a strong negative contrast in liver and kidneys, which persisted for 80 min (in liver) to 110 min (in kidneys). The negative contrast of the liver and kidneys weakened over the time, suggesting that polyglycerol coating renders the nanoparticles stealth and possibly optimal for renal excretion.


I would like to thank the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology section for awarding me this prize and all the people who were involved in my nomination and wrote the letters. When Catherine McCammon phoned me to let me know that I was awarded the Kuno Award, I was very surprised at first, and then I felt very honored and lucky. I have been very lucky to have Francis Albarede and Janne Blichert-Toft as Ph.D. advisors. Without their mentoring, I would not be standing here today. Completing my Ph.D. in this dynamic laboratory was an incredible experience, and I was very fortunate to meet many people who became mentors, collaborators, and friends, among whom I will cite Arnaud Agranier, Pierre Beck, and Toshi Fujii.


The existence of resonances at frequencies below 100 cps was originally predicted by Schumann. Their presence has since been experimentally confirmed. In subsequent theoretical development it has largely been assumed that the excitation is due to the return stroke of a flash to earth. Observations in the VLF band (3 to 30 kc/s) have been extrapolated to the frequency range of less than 100 cps. The limitations of this approach are discussed. Simple models are developed on an empirical basis for the temporal variation of electrostatic moment during cloud discharges and flashes to earth. Differentiation and Fourier methods yield the spectral content of the radiating signals exciting the resonances. It is shown that cloud and ground flashes are of comparable effectiveness in the excitation of the lower-frequency resonances. The implications of this conclusion are examined.


Microzooplankton communities are fundamental components of marine food webs and have the potential to impact the functioning of carbon pumps. The identification of common responses of microzooplankton to global change has been challenging due to their plasticity and complex community-level interactions. However, accumulating research is providing new insights on the vulnerability of this group to different climate and other human-related hazards. Here, the current and future risk levels of microzooplankton associated with global change are assessed by identifying prevailing hazards, exposure, sensitivity, natural adaptability, and observed impacts based on available evidence. Most documented hazards for the survival and yield of microzooplankton are ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and coastal eutrophication. Overall, heterotrophic protists are expected to respond and adapt rapidly to global trends. Fast growing, mixotrophy, wide internal stoichiometry, and their capacity to track optimal environmental conditions by changing species' range distribution are among the most important traits that shape their high adaptability to global change. Community-level responses to warming, however, are predicted to be amplified in polar and subpolar regions. At the individual level, the highest risk is associated with the sensitivity to deoxygenation since microzooplankton, especially ciliates, are known to reduce metabolic rates under hypoxic episodes; however, vulnerable species can be readily replaced by specialized taxa from a similar functional type. Microzooplankton seem to act as functional buffers of environmental threats, thus conferring stability, in terms of community connectedness to marine food webs and ecosystems against external disturbances.


According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), oil production in the United States reached 6.68 million barrels a day in November, 2012, its highest level since 1994. Development of hydrocarbons in deep unconventional formations via horizontal drilling and fracturing has been the main contributor to this growth. The two most impactful plays have been Bakken in North Dakota and Eagle Ford in Texas. While recognizing the success of unconventionals associated with high oil price and enhanced hydraulic fracture stimulation technologies, it is important to understand the development challenges and factors controlling recovery. The combination of limited drainage area and low resource density in unconventional systems has led to low recovery per well and challenging economics. Unconventional development has increasingly focused on liquids rich systems, especially in North America due to relatively low natural gas prices. The addition of liquids can improve overall economics, athough two phase flow impacts and complicates fluid flow and ultimate recovery. Performance of liquids rich systems is highly dependent on in-place fluid composition and phase behavior. Therefore, understanding liquids rich system phase behavior and its impact on performance is an important economic consideration. This paper discusses the drive mechanisms for unconventional plays ranging from dry gas to oil and the importance of geology and rock and fluid properties on rate and recovery. It specifically explores how the variation in liquid yield impacts rate and recovery.e


Upgrading of pyrolysis wax oil has been conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor at 450C, 1hour, LHSV 3.5/h. The catalytic degradation using HZSM-5 catalyst are compared with the thermal degradation and also was studied with a function of experimental variables. The raw pyrolysis wax oil shows relatively high boiling point distribution ranging from around 300 C to 550 C, which has considerably higher boiling point distribution than that of commercial diesel. The product characteristic from thermal degradation shows a similar trend with that of raw pyrolysis wax oil. This means the thermal degradation of pyrolysis wax oil at high degradation temperature is not sufficiently occurred. On the other hand, the catalytic degradation using HZSM-5 catalyst relative to the thermal degradation shows the high conversion of pyrolysis wax oil to light hydrocarbons. This liquid product shows high gasoline range fraction as around 90% fraction and considerably high aromatic fraction in liquid product. Also, in the catalytic degradation the experimental variable such as catalyst amount and reaction temperature was studied.


Diagnostics point to a future based on molecular signatures rather than on the detection of single biomarkers. In this respect, microarray is a powerful technology showing great potential for providing huge amounts of information in a single chip. However, for peptides, proteins or metabolites, the technology is not as straightforward as for the DNA. Contrarily to the relatively high homogeneity of nucleic acids, these targets show great molecular variability and physicochemical features (different hydrophobicity, acidic or basic characters, etc.) and biofunctionality. Preventing protein denaturation and maintaining structural conformations are key issues. An alternative to circumvent these limitations is the use of DNA for manufacturing the chips. Directed Immobilization (DDI) strategies have been used to spatially assemble mixtures of distinct biomolecules and nanomaterials. DDI manufactured chips provide reversible immobilization efficiencies on reusable microarrays and biosensor chips. In combination with the exceptional features of antibodies and their almost infinite specificities, DDI strategies can allow expanding the number of substances that can be analyzed in a single chip providing high multiplexed and multimodal possibilities. In this communication, distinct optical platforms such as fluorescence site-encoded DNA addressable hapten-microarray, SPR and LSPR platforms manufactured using DDI we will be discussed. Hence, a hapten microarray for androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) analysis was developed using DDI. For this purpose, haptenoligonucleotide probes were synthesized and hybridized with complementary oligonucleotides immobilized on top of a glass surface. The microchip was able to detect several illegal substances with a detectability according the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency and the European Commission regarding food safety issues. The same strategy was implemented on a SPR-imaging device demonstrating the possibility to use this approach for re-usable devices. The same maximum signal was recovered after regenerating the chip by dehybridization of the oligonucleotide chains. Finally, a LSPR chip was manufactured using DDI by specifically addressing gold nanoparticles (AuNP) with different optical properties on distinct sites of a glass surface. Preliminary results showed that this approach could allow developing LSPR chips with excellent analytical features using an alternative fabrication method to the more sophisticated lithographic techniques.


Two proteins (putative receptors) of 60 and 38 kDa, for chikungunya (CHIK) virus were detected in the brush border membrane fraction (BBMF) of the normal population of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were infected orally with CHIK virus and infectivity checked by testing the head squashes. BBMF was prepared from proved positive and negative mosquitoes. The receptor proteins were found to be present in both the proved genotypes. However, dot-b'ot assays showed that the CHIK virus binding activity of BBMF/mg protein was noticeably low in the proved negative mosquitoes as compared to the positives. BBMF from the larvae of the normal populations also showed the presence of the receptor proteins, binding to CHIK virus. Receptor proteins from larvae as well as the adults were found glycosylated. CHIK virus receptor proteins of 24, 45, 58, 60 and 62 kDa were also seen in the membrane fraction of the C6/36 cells.


Initial entry during deployment requires tactical networks supporting voice, video, and data requirements to be established quickly given little existing telecommunication infrastructure. Wireless mesh networks using contention-based medium access control (MAC) appear to be an easy off-the-shelf solution, but their performance is lacking for support of such diverse high-bandwidth low-latency requirements. In the 1990s, wired and optical network architects had to reconsider the inefficiencies of packet switching and consider long proven methods such as circuit-switching to reduce latency through traffic engineering to support such diverse traffic requirements. This resulted in the development of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) technologies. Because both are mature and proven technologies for wired and optical network architectures, much research has been done to apply these methods to wireless mesh networks. But optimal performance improvement eludes wireless mesh network designers because of differences between the wired/optical and wireless environments in the provision of non-interfering unidirectional internodal links and lack of a wireless circuit switch. We propose a wireless mesh networking architecture that will provide low-latency and potentially higher throughput, based upon the availability of multiple orthogonal channels, wormhole switching supported by a physical layer circuit-switch, and a reservation protocol that will assign channels to provide non-interfering unidirectional internodal links through quality-of-service (QoS) routing, and scheduling. We will also present performance results based upon a simulation model of our proposed architecture to show how end-to-end latency is considerably reduced compared to 802.11-based wireless mesh networks.


We present how the open-source web framework Dezrann enables to hear, study, and annotate music by interacting with synchronized views such as image scores, rendered scores, videos, and representations of audio as waveforms or spectrograms. We encode as unit conversions the cross-modal synchronization between these music representations. Composing these conversions allows us to conveniently translate musical time, audio time, and graphical positions, as well to synchronize annotation labels across views. Usages of the Dezrann platform or of some of its components include corpus annotation for musicology or computer music research, music education, as well as collaborative score edition and correction in the CollabScore project.


Classroom quality measures, such as the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale, Revised (ECERS-R), are widely used in research, practice, and policy. Increasingly, these uses have been for purposes not originally intended, such as contributing to consequential policy decisions. The current study adds to the recent evidence of problems with the ECERS-R standard stop-scoring by analyzing eight studies offering 14 waves of data collection in approximately 4,000 classrooms. Our analysis, which featured the nominal response model, generalized partial credit model, partial credit model, within-category averages of total scores, and point-biserial correlations, revealed that all 36 items had categories that did not follow an ordinal progression with respect to quality. Additionally, our results showed that the category problems accumulated to the scale score. The results caution against the use of the standard raw scoring and encourage development of alternative scoring methods for the ECERS-R.


Deuterium flux through the thin wall of a palladium tube has been studied by monitoring gas pressure and temperature. A high-precision calorimeter (Calvet) was used to detect heat flow when the heater was shut down and the palladium tube was cooling down slowly. At certain temperatures an abnormal deuterium flux appeared. This deuterium flux reached a peak when the temperature of the palladium was decreasing. This abnormal deuterium flux differs from the monotonic feature of a normal diffusive flux and is accompanied by a heat flow.


The geothermal regime of the western margin of the Great Bahama Bank was examined using the bottom hole temperature and thermal conductivity measurements obtained during and after Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 166. This study focuses on the data from the drilling transect of Sites 1003 through 1007. These data reveal two important observational characteristics. First, temperature vs. cumulative thermal resistance profiles from all the drill sites show significant curvature in the depth range of 40 to 100 mbsf. They tend to be of concave-upward shape. Second, the conductive background heat-flow values for these five drill sites, determined from deep, linear parts of the geothermal profiles, show a systematic variation along the drilling transect. Heat flow is 43–45 mW/m2 on the seafloor away from the bank and decreases upslope to ~35 mW/m2. We examine three mechanisms as potential causes for the curved geothermal profiles. They are: (1) a recent increase in sedimentation rate, (2) influx of seawater into shallow sediments, and (3) temporal fluctuation of the bottom water temperature (BWT). Our analysis shows that the first mechanism is negligible. The second mechanism may explain the data from Sites 1004 and 1005. The temperature profile of Site 1006 is most easily explained by the third mechanism. We reconstruct the history of BWT at this site by solving the inverse heat conduction problem. The inversion result indicates gradual warming throughout this century by ~1°C and is agreeable to other hydrographic and climatic data from the western subtropic Atlantic. However, data from Sites 1003 and 1007 do not seem to show such trends. Therefore, none of the three mechanisms tested here explain the observations from all the drill sites. As for the lateral variation of the background heat flow along the drill transect, we believe that much of it is caused by the thermal effect of the topographic variation. We model this effect by obtaining a two-dimensional analytical solution. The model suggests that the background heat flow of this area is ~43 mW/m2, a value similar to the background heat flow determined for the Gulf of Mexico in the opposite side of the Florida carbonate platform.


Background and Aim: As a global threat, the COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge to psychological resilience Systematic studies by examining and combining all related documents can provide a more complete description of the dimensions of the problem in society The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of various psychological disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: This is a systematic review Studies using different combinations of keywords COVID-19, SARSCoV-2, pandemic, psychological disorders, mental health, psychological consequences were retrieved from different scientific databases Magiran, SID, Iranmedex, Elsevier, Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science These studies were published from December 1, 2019, to May 30, 2020 Twenty-eight studies out of 410 retrieved articles were evaluated and analyzed for data extraction Results: The analysis of studies revealed that the different types of psychological disorders like stress, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, mental distress, schizophrenia, sleep disorders and sleep disturbances, vicarious traumatization, internet addiction on moderate to severe in public and medical personnel were recorded during COVID-19 crisis The frontline health care workers such as nurses were more depressed, anxious, insomniac, and mentally disturbed Women were more vulnerable to psychological disorders and sleep problems Young people in the age group between 18 and 30 years old were more likely to experience generalized anxiety disorder and mental distress Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to high prevalence and a wide range of psychological disorders among individuals and various groups in society, especially in medical personnel It is essential to provide psychological assistance and training strategies to deal with a variety of these psychological disorders © 2020 Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences All rights reserved


Abstract. This paper introduces a method to subdivide complex building structures like terraced houses into single house units comparable to units available in a cadastral map. 3D line segments are detected with sub-pixel accuracy in traditional vertical true orthomosaics as well as in innovative oblique true orthomosaics and their respective surface models. Hereby high gradient strengths on roofs as well as fac¸ades are taken into account. By investigating the coplanarity and frequencies within a set of 3D line segments, individual cut lines for a building complex are found. The resulting regions ideally describe single houses and thus the object complexity is reduced for subsequent topological, semantical or geometrical considerations. For the chosen study area with 70 buidling outlines a hit rate of 80% for cut lines is achieved.


Satellite Prognoz-8 with high apogee and inclination 65° was operating in 1981. During its operation time a few crossings of the polar cusp were registered. Magion -4 being the subsatellite for Interball-1 (Tail Probe) has a similar orbit. In January, April and May 1996 the registration of the low frequency plasma waves during three crossing of the polar cusp were performed. A comparison of Prognoz-8 and Magion-4 measurements gives the opportunity to identify characteristic modes of plasma waves. There are ion-cyclotron, lower-hybrid and electron cyclotron frequencies registered. In our presentation, the spectra of electric and magnetic field fluctuation and correlation with the plasma and magnetic field data are given. For better understanding the physical processes in the cusp region there are presented HF waves, high energy particle and thermal measurements detected at the low altitude satellite Apex-Magion 3 complex and Coronas. HF wave measurements indicate an enhancement of radiation in the cusp region. The observations done in the day sector at an altitude above foF2 and during substorm indicate emissions in whistler mode beside the strong enhancement of broad band radio emission which cross the local gyrofrequency and spread up to its local electron density.