This paper uses 13,766 firm-year observations between 2003 and 2013 from China to investigate the effects of monetary policy on corporate investment and the mitigating effects of cash holding. We find that tightening monetary policy reduces corporate investment while cash holdings mitigate such adverse effects. The cash mitigating role is especially significant for financially constrained firms, non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) and those firms located in a less developed financial market. Cash holding also improves investment efficiency when monetary policy is tightening and tightening monetary policy enhances the "cash-cash flow" sensitivity. Our empirical evidence calls for a critical evaluation on the monetary policies implemented in China which are less effective for state-owned enterprises. It also calls for a necessity for local government to further develop regional financial markets to protect vulnerable businesses, such as non-SOEs and financially constrained firms, from external shocks in order to maintain their sustainable growth and competitive advantages.


Background: Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a serious and potentially fatal complication in cemented hip arthroplasty (CHA). Although previous studies have identified patients at risk for BCIS, few studies have reported on the association between BCIS and perioperative surgical factors in patients with osteoporotic femoral neck fracture (OFNF) undergoing CHA. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of BCIS and its related outcomes, correlating between BCIS and perioperative surgical factors in these patients. Methods: A single-centred, retrospective study was conducted between 2015 and 2018 with patients who sustained OFNF and underwent CHA. Perioperative data and BCIS-related outcomes were reviewed using electronic database and telephone interview. BCIS grading was classified according to the Donaldson classification. All patients were allocated into 2 groups: Group A (BCIS grade 0 or 1: BCIS-gr0/1) and Group B (BCIS grade 2 or 3: BCIS-gr2/3). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictive factors for BCIS-gr2/3. Results: A total of 142 OFNF patients were included. The prevalence of BCIS-gr2/3 was 6.4% (n=9). Group B showed a significantly higher major complication rate than Group A (44.4% vs. 8.3%, respectively, p<0.01). The in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates in Group B were also higher than in Group A, but non-significantly different (p=0.12 and p=0.32, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that preinjury non-ambulatory status (odds ratio [OR] 11.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–131.8, p=0.04), arrhythmia (OR 5.65; 95% CI, 1.13–28.93, p=0.04) and shape-closed femoral stem type (OR 9.78; 95% CI, 1.65–57.80, p=0.01) were the significant independent predictors for BCIS-gr2/3 in these patients. Conclusion: BCIS in OFNF patients undergoing CHA is common and associates with a high major perioperative complication rate. The patients at risk for BCIS-gr2/3 are those with poor preinjury ambulatory status, those with an underlying cardiac arrhythmia, and those whose CHA procedures use a shape-closed femoral stem design.


The concentrations of metal contaminants often fluctuate in estuarine waters; yet we have limited knowledge about the effects of intermittent exposures on estuarine organisms. Using 10‐d lethality bioassays with the epibenthic amphipod Melita plumulosa, different combinations of intermittent (pulsed) dissolved Cu exposure were investigated, varying Cu concentration, pulse duration, and time between pulses. Negligible organism mortality was observed immediately after single 12‐ to 62‐h duration pulsed exposures of 100 to 900 µg/L dissolved Cu. However, delayed mortality was observed in the subsequent 96‐h nonexposure period, after which negligible additional mortality occurred during the remainder of the 240‐h tests. For multiple pulsed exposures, increasing the time between pulses from 0 to 144 h did not result in significantly different mortality rates for 300 and 400 µg/L dissolved copper, indicating that the organisms did not recover between pulses. Organism mortality exhibited a strong relationship with the time‐averaged concentration (TAC) resulting from the combination of exposure concentration and duration. The lethal concentration to 50 (LC50), 20 (LC20), and 10% (LC10) (95% confidence interval) of the test population for the combined TAC exposure–survival data were 86 (71–103), 44 (30–64), and 30 (18–49) µg Cu/L, respectively, which were similar to the respective values of 100 (87–114), 55 (43–70), and 39 (28–54) µg Cu/L determined for continuous exposure. The results from the current study support the use of analytical techniques capable of determining the time‐averaged concentration of metals, because they will more accurately predict the effects of toxiciants on organisms than single time‐point measurements. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2823–2830. © 2010 SETAC


People hold strong moral objections to commercial bodily markets—the buying and selling of the human body and its components (e.g., prostitution; commercial surrogacy; trade of kidneys, blood plasma, sperm, ovum, and hair). This research takes a descriptive approach to understand why people object to the marketing of the human body and how their moral objections differ across the political spectrum. The authors propose that liberals and conservatives find bodily markets to be morally wrong; however, the two groups object to bodily markets for different reasons. Liberals are more sensitive to exploitation concerns, but conservatives are more sensitive to violation of sanctity concerns in these markets. Real-world observational data and controlled experiments test these predictions. The findings show how sociopolitical leaders utilize the different moral objections to persuade their respective audiences, such as how conservative versus more liberal pastors sermonize differently on prostitution. Second, results show how targeted marketing campaigns encourage liberals and conservatives to participate in consumer advocacy and donate to political causes. Third, findings outline how liberals and conservatives support different regulatory laws that penalize buyers versus sellers. Finally, results show how the different moral objections manifest for live bodily products but not for dead bodily products.


Salivary calculi are sufficiently rare to justify reporting the following interesting case: History. —C. A. P., aged 22, consulted me Aug. 4, 1907, giving the following history: Trouble began five years previously with pain and swelling on right side of face and neck about angle of jaw. This disappeared by use of astringent washes in a few days. From that time up to one week ago he had always had slight swelling at angle of jaw on right side and some tenderness at all times. This quiescent stage would be interrupted by attacks of swelling and pain which, while always relieved by simple measures, had of late been increasing in number and severity. Patient could offer no explanation for his condition. There was no history of injury and his previous history was negative. Patient was otherwise in good general health. The present attack commenced one week before I saw him,


BACKGROUND
Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 have high comorbidity and are prone to inflammation that may contribute to the high cardiovascular mortality risk.

STUDY DESIGN
Three-month observational cohort study of prevalent hemodialysis patients.

SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS
228 hemodialysis patients (44% women) were included, median age of 66 years, median time on dialysis therapy of 29 months.

PREDICTORS & OUTCOMES
In part 1, comorbidity and intercurrent illness were predictors and C-reactive protein (CRP) level was the outcome. In part 2, serial CRP values were predictors and survival was the outcome.

MEASUREMENTS
High-sensitivity CRP was measured weekly and interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-10 were measured monthly. Data for comorbidity were collected from patient records to calculate Davies comorbidity score, and self-reported clinical events were recorded weekly.

RESULTS
Median baseline CRP level was 6.7 mg/L (25th to 75th percentiles, 2.5 to 21 mg/L). Baseline CRP level correlated with time-averaged CRP (Spearman rho = 0.76) and individual median of serial CRP values (rho = 0.78; both P < 0.001). Part 1: comorbidity score was significantly associated with greater CRP and IL-6 levels. Age, sex, comorbidity, and 7 of 12 clinical events had significant effects on CRP level variation. Part 2: during a mean follow-up of 29 months, 38% of patients died. Median and mean serial CRP levels were associated with a greater hazard ratio for death (1.013; 95% confidence interval, 1.004 to 1.022) and 1.012 (95% confidence interval, 1.004 to 1.020) than baseline, maximum, and minimum CRP values during the study. Other significant covariates were age, Davies risk group, dialysis vintage, and albumin level.

LIMITATIONS
The study is based on observational data for prevalent dialysis patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Comorbidity and clinical events are strongly associated with inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Despite variability over time, inflammation assessed by using CRP level is a strong predictor of mortality. Serial measurements provide additional information compared with a single measurement.


Objective Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a new, rapidly expanding technique. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided TAP block in comparison with epidural analgesia in pain management following lower abdominal surgery. Setting and duration The present study was conducted on 60 patients aged 20-75 years, who were admitted at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from February 2013 to March 2014. Patients and methods These patients were allocated to either group I (TAP, 30 cases) or group II (epidural block, 30 cases) using a randomized central computer-generated sequence held by an investigator not involved with the clinical management or data collection. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who used more than 200 mg/kg of morphine in the first 24 h on arrival at the recovery ward. Secondary outcomes included the following: morphine consumption 24 h after operation; pain measured using the visual analog score in the recovery ward and at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h after operation; and postoperative nausea and vomiting measured with the total number of vomits during the first 24 h. Results The most important finding in our study was that TAP block provided highly effective postoperative analgesia in the first 24 h, especially in the neurofascial plane in the muscles and the skin but not the visceral pain, and that the TAP block reduced the mean intravenous morphine requirements by more than 70%. This reduction in opioid requirement resulted in fewer opioid side effects. In the present study, there was no significant difference between the studied groups as regards time spent in the recovery room, need for paracetamol during the first 8 h after surgical intervention, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and duration of hospital stay. In contrast, the total morphine consumption during the first 8 h was significantly less in group I than in group II, and the time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in group I than in group II. Finally, the number of cases that required more than 200 mg of morphine during the first 24 h was significantly less in group I than in group II. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided TAP block is an effective alternative for providing postoperative analgesia after lower abdominal surgery in comparison with epidural analgesia, but further studies in larger population are necessary.


Aim: To study the correlation between Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and left atrial size in Rheumatic Mitral valve disease (RMVD).
Background: AF is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia which is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and preventable stroke. AF is common in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) particularly mitral stenosis (MS). LA dilatation is the predisposing factor for the development of AF in RMVD.
Methodology: This is a hospital based cross sectional descriptive study conducted in 52 patients who were diagnosed as RMVD clinically and echocardiographically in NGMCTH, Kohalpur between December 2018 to November 2019. Detailed history and complete clinical examination were performed. Standard 12 lead ECG and 2-D echocardiography were done. Left atrial size was measured and compared with patients in AF and with sinus rhythm.
Result: The age of patients ranged from 20-76 years with the mean age of 40.33 years. Out of 52 patients 30 were in AF and 23 in sinus rhythm. Among 30 patients in AF, 27 (90%) had LA size ≥ 4 cm with mean LA size of 4.6 cm whereas among 22 patients in sinus rhythm, 14 (63.64%) had LA Size <4 cm with a mean of 3.83 cm.
Conclusion: Left atrial size ≥ 4 cm is the predisposing factor for the development of AF in rheumatic mitral valve disease. Therefore, if patients in sinus rhythm who are at high risk of developing AF are identified, prophylactic anticoagulation and antiarrythmic drug might prevent AF induced embolism and exacerbation of symptoms in rheumatic mitral valve disease.


A significant number of discoveries in past two decades have established the importance of long-distance signaling in controlling plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Numerous mobile signals, such as mRNAs, proteins, including RNA-binding proteins, small RNAs, sugars, and phytohormones, are shown to regulate various agronomic traits such as flowering, fruit, seed development, and tuberization. Potato is a classic model tuber crop, and several mobile signals are known to govern tuber development. However, it is unknown if these mobile signals have any synergistic effects on potato crop improvement. Here, we employed a simple innovative strategy to test the cumulative effects of a key mobile RNA, StBEL5, and its RNA-binding proteins, StPTB1, and -6 on tuber productivity of two potato cultivars, Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée and subspecies andigena, using a multi-gene stacking approach. In this approach, the coding sequences of StBEL5 and StPTB1/6 are driven by their respective native promoters to efficiently achieve targeted expression in phloem for monitoring tuber productivity. We demonstrate that this strategy resulted in earliness for tuberization and enhanced tuber productivity by 2–4 folds under growth chamber, greenhouse, and field conditions. This multi-gene stacking approach could be adopted to other crops, whose agronomic traits are governed by mobile macromolecules, expanding the possibilities to develop crops with improved traits and enhanced yields.


Mailing address: Kaliani Lima Coça Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, Centro Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil CEP: 20230-130 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT This paper is a case report describing the speech-language and quality of life outcomes presented by a teenager with a central nervous system germ cell tumor affected by extrapontine myelinolysis. The extrapontine myelinolysis is an acute demyelinating disease that can be caused by abrupt changes in serum osmolality, as in the rapid correction of hyponatremia. Data were obtained from clinical assessment protocols, pediatric inventory about quality of life and medical records information. The patient presented mutism, dysphagia and dysarthria caused by extrapontine myelinolysis, with significant impacts on their verbal communication, feeding and quality of life. The scores of quality of life after extrapontine myelinolysis decreased compared to the time before the disease. She received speech-language therapy during hospital admission and in the outpatient clinic. We observed changes in patterns of speech, swallowing and mobility of orofacial structures; with partially reverse of neurological deficits. The speech therapists, as part of a multidisciplinary team of health care, are of great importance in the functional rehabilitation of patients affected by this disease.


Apicomplexan parasitic diseases impose devastating impacts on much of the world's population. The increasing prevalence of drug resistant parasites and the growing number of immuno-compromised individuals are exacerbating the problem to the point that the need for novel, inexpensive drugs is greater now than ever. Discovery of a prokaryotic, Type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) pathway associated with the plastid-like organelle (apicoplast) of Plasmodium and Toxoplasma has provided a wealth of novel drug targets. Since this pathway is both essential and fundamentally different from the cytosolic Type I pathway of the human host, apicoplast FAS has tremendous potential for the development of parasite-specific inhibitors. Many components of this pathway are already the target for existing antibiotics and herbicides, which should significantly reduce the time and cost of drug development. Continuing interest--both in the pharmaceutical and herbicide industries--in fatty acid synthesis inhibitors proffers an ongoing stream of potential new anti-parasitic compounds. It has now emerged that not all apicomplexan parasites have retained the Type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. No fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes are encoded in the genome of Theileria annulata or T. parva, suggesting that fatty acid synthesis is lacking in these parasites. The human intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium parvum appears to have lost the apicoplast entirely; instead relying on an unusual cytosolic Type I FAS. Nevertheless, newly developed anti-cancer and anti-obesity drugs targeting human Type I FAS may yet prove efficacious against Cryptosporidium and other apicomplexans that rely on this Type I FAS pathway.


139  Abstract— Forming and forging processes are among the oldest and most important of materials-related technologies. Today, industry must continuously evaluate the costs of competitive materials and the operations necessary for converting each material into finished products. Manufacturing economy with no sacrifice in quality is paramount. Therefore, "precision" forming methods, net and near-net shape processing, and modern statistical and computer-based process design and control techniques are more important than ever. Bending is one of the important methods for manufacturing sheet metal components that is extensively applied in automotive industry and electronic devices. Spring-Back is an unavoidable phenomenon in sheet metal forming that occurs in the end of stamping process because of releasing elastic stress that results changing the final dimensions of sheet. So, Prediction of spring-back is essential for dimensional control of parts in the end of stamping process. In this project a finite element model is presented for simulation of U-bending process and also calculating the amount of spring-back. Comparison between finite element , numeral and experimental results is done for validating the finite element method.


AIMS AND METHOD

To audit completion of the Treatment Outcome Profile (TOP) form in individuals attending substance misuse services in England. Forms are completed at the start of treatment and every 3 months thereafter. All forms at 3-drug treatment services were inspected over 6 months.

RESULTS

Forms were inspected for 200 service users; 86% were fully completed. Two-thirds (67%) of service users had no declared funding for illicit drug use in the previous month (mean spending £988; s.e. = 149) despite denying any paid employment and criminal activity.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

The section on crime in the TOP form is unreliable and completely invalid.


Acquired hemophilia A is a rare condition caused by autoantibodies against endogenous coagulation factor VIII, which results in spontaneous bleeding. Workup of a patient with difficult hemostasis after removing and placing a central venous catheter led to the diagnosis of acquired hemophilia A. A 64-year-old man was transferred with an intramuscular right thigh mass. Initial biopsy at an outside facility showed degenerated muscle and coagula and he was transferred for incisional biopsy and definitive treatment. The patient had difficult venous access, and a right internal jugular venous catheter was placed. The catheter insertion site showed slow continuous bleeding. Achieving adequate hemostasis after removing the catheter was difficult, and a hematoma formed after the placement of an infraclavicular axillary venous catheter under ultrasound guidance. Coagulation studies revealed a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time at 96 seconds. The patient was then diagnosed with acquired hemophilia A by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-factor VIII antibodies. Even if ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization is performed carefully, bleeding may occur in some patients, suggesting the possibility of coagulopathy. Decision-making for performing central venous catheterization requires extensive knowledge of coagulopathies to understand the causes of bleeding complications.


A species of Dioryctria reared from Pinus kesiya (= khasya ) at Shillong, Assam, where it is found in association with D. abietella (Schiff.) and D. sylvestrella (Ratz.), is described as new and is named D. castanea sp.n. The distinctive purplish or reddish chestnut brown coloration of the forewings is considered to distinguish this species from others in the genus. Illustrations are given of the adult and of the male and female genitalia.


Japan is increasingly isolated among advanced economies in not having made provision for same-sex marriage or same-sex civil unions at the national level. The main political obstacle to legal recognition of same-sex couples is the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Japan's dominant party, which has ruled the country with only two interruptions since 1955; many other parties support legalizing same-sex marriage, while the LDP does not. The literature suggests that the LDP secured its dominant position due to opposition fragmentation and ineffectiveness, and its own clientelist practices. Against this backdrop, cases are progressing through the Japanese judicial system seeking a finding that same-sex marriage is required under the 1947 Constitution. At the time of writing, the results of these cases have been mixed, with one case finding the current marriage law unconstitutional and two finding it constitutional.
This article contends that Japanese courts should find in favour of these claims and hold that same-sex marriage is constitutionally required. That is so not merely because it is the better position under existing legal doctrine relating to equality and non-discrimination under Article 14(1) of the Constitution, but also because the dominant party status of the LDP means that there is less reason in constitutional theory for courts to show deference to the legislature. In a dominant party system, there is less reason to expect that the government will pay sufficient heed to rights, while 'counter-majoritarian' difficulties with judicial review are less credible given the more ambiguous nature of the democratic mandate of the legislature. This undercuts a significant justification given for judicial deference.


embolization, targets increase success rates and access to targets. We described our experience of radial access interventional oncology. Methods: We have performed over twenty cases of radial access vascular oncological procedures including Y90 treatment, bland liver embolization, TACE, drug-eluting bead (DEB)-TACE


This study analyzes the impact on male and female wages of tariff reform and the reduction of regulatory barriers faced by domestic and foreign firms operating in business services. The study applies the model to Tanzania and develops a data set that distinguishes labor and wages by gender for 52 sectors and four skill categories. The model is the first to incorporate modern trade theory to assess the gender implications of trade reform. Given that the Dixit-Stiglitz framework results in productivity gains from additional varieties of services, the analysis finds that real wages increase across all worker categories. However, the increase in wages is higher for males than for females, because business services use males more intensively than females. The most skilled (female and male) workers, who are also the most intensively used in the business services sectors, benefit more from the real increases in wages. The model illustrates that as the development process continues and developing countries become more business service oriented, these sectors demand more educated workers and their wages will increase relative to those of unskilled workers. The policy conclusion from this model is that it is crucial to invest in the education of females so their human capital increases and their skills are more marketable in business services and other more technologically modern occupations. Otherwise, the wage gap between males and females would likely widen further.


Psychiatric consultation for 'counselling' by parents of adolescents for minor behavioural ailments are not uncommon in India. Most of these adolescents don't qualify for any syndromal psychiatric disorder, but their behaviour is just falling outside the expected norm decided by their parents. Addressing such issues is often a challenge for the mental health professionals. This point of view discusses the approaches that a mental health professional can take for dealing with such parental requests for counselling of adolescents.


The histories of emotion address many fundamental themes of science and medicine. These include the ways the body and its workings have been historically observed and measured, the rise of the mind sciences, and the anthropological analyses by which "ways of knowing" are culturally situated. Yet such histories bring their own challenges, not least in how historians of science and medicine view the relationship between bodies, minds, and emotions. This essay explores some of the methodological challenges of emotion history, using the sudden death of the surgeon John Hunter from cardiac disease as a case study. It argues that we need to let go of many of our modern assumptions about the origin of emotions, and "brainhood," that dominate discussions of identity, in order to explore the historical meanings of emotions as products of the body as well as the mind.


Milk being nature's nearly perfect food is intended as the first food of all new born mammalian species. Because of milk's nutritional importance and dairy development's contribution to a country's economic growth, developing country governments like the Philippines support local dairy industry development. Despite all claims however, about milk's nutritional benefits, annual per capita consumption in the Philippines was only 22 kg [1]. One factor for the unpopularity of milk among consumers is the lack of 'milkculture' or milk drinking habit among the people. Another factor, a major one which principally determines milk and milk products consumption is the import dependence of the local dairy industry making dairy products unaffordable. Dairy products are the Philippines' 3rd largest agricultural import. The country's total milk supply in 2013 was 1.82 million metric tons and less than 1% of these is locally produced [1]. A significant amount of the Philippine fluid milk supply is UHT milk which is reconstituted/recombined from imported milk powder and milk fat. Thus the locally produced milk which finds good market in the specialty coffee shops still has to face competition with imported UHT milk mislabelled as 'fresh'.Local milk producers may be encouraged and locally produced liquid milk will have a competitive advantage if consumers are educated as to the real 'fresh' milk.


Photosynthetically Available Radiation (PAR) is an important bio-op-tical parameter related to marine primary production. PAR is usually measured by a broadband sensor and can also be calculated by multispectral data. When the PAR is calculated by multispectral data in polar region, four factors are possible error sources. PAR could be overestimated as the wavelengths of multispectral instrument are usually chosen to evade main absorption zones of atmosphere. However, both PARs calculated by hyperspectral and multispectral data are consistent with an error less than 1%. By the fitting function proposed here, the PAR calculated by multispectral data could attain the same accuracy with that by hyperspectral data. To calculate the attenuation rate of the PAR needs PAR0, the PAR just under the surface. Here, an approach is proposed to calculate PAR0 by the best fit of the irradiance profile of 1-5 m with a content attenuation coefficient under surface. It is demonstrated by theory and observed data in different time at same location that the attenuation coefficient of PAR is independent of the intensity of radiation. But under sea ice, the attenuation coefficient of PAR is a little bit different, as the spectrum of the light has been changed by selective absorption by the sea ice. Therefore, the difference of inclusions inside the sea ice will result in different PAR, and impact on the attenuation of PAR. By the results of this paper, PAR can be calculated reliably by multispectral data.


Peter Wilson is a partner in New Enterprise Development, a small business training and research organisation based in London. Professor John Stanworth is head of the Small Business Unit at the Polytechnic of Central London and Director-General of the Small Business Research Trust. Against a background of growing concern for the welfare of ethnic minority communities in Britain, attention is now firmly focused on the opportunities for business development among black groups. Racially motivated recruitment and promotion practices in large organisations restrict employment opportunities for black minorities, increasing the need to seek economic self-reliance through business ownership. This has been a traditional route for disadvantaged minorities. But contemporary economic and social conditions require new solutions to the crisis in which recent immigrant groups find themselves. It is the purpose of this paper to examine recent evidence of change in business ownership in the Asian and Afro- Caribbean communities in London, to compare and contrast their business performance and to identify the determinants of any revealed differentials. The paper concludes with some implications for policy formulation and for business development initiatives.


Introduction: Septicemia is globally considered the most important cause of neonatal morbidity and fatality. Serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant, which is brought out in response to the inflammatory reaction. It is prophesied to drop down speedily after the coherent weeding out of microbial incitation due to the short half-life of CRP. CRP levels reflect the individual's association between microbial infection and defensive mechanisms. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 150 admitted patients with suspected sepsis in the Department of Pediatrics, Rajendra Institute Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, India, over a study period of one year (2020 to 2021). CRP was estimated on the day of admission and repeated after 72 hours, on the fifth day, and on the seventh day for serial values of CRP, and the findings were compared by making three groups. Further, the research participants were designated to three different groups according to the CRP estimation levels. Results: Out of the 150 assumed neonatal septicemia patients, antibiotics were paused in 42 neonates (28%) within 72 hours. In group 2, 8% of neonates' antibiotics were stopped in five days, and a total of 102 neonates (68%) could be discharged on the seventh day of antibiotic therapy as their CRPs became negative on the third day and seventh day consecutively, along with negative blood culture reports. In group 3, antibiotics of 48 neonates (32%) were continued beyond seven days. Conclusion: CRP has a skyscraping specificity and negative predictive values (NPV); thus, by estimating serial CRPs, the antibiotic therapy duration can be determined, which further helps determine the period of hospitalization.


N-Acyl-4-acyloxy-beta-lactams are converted into 1,3-oxazin-6-ones under basic conditions. This transformation is believed to proceed via N-acylazetones, which rearrange to the final products by a sequence of two electrocyclic processes. The calculated (RHF and B3LYP) transition structures of both concerted reactions are shown to present characteristic pseudopericyclic orbital topologies.


This paper outlines basic elements used in treatment of suicidal preadolescents, namely, having current knowledge of suicidal behavior, understanding a therapist's reactions to a suicidal child, intervening to decrease risk factors, developing a network of people who are involved with a child, and establishing follow-up contacts.


Background: Increasing numbers of tyrosine kinases have been investigated as potential targets in molecular cancer therapy. Src, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is one such attractive target since it is highly expressed in many malignancies including ovarian cancer, and plays a key role in tumor progression and metastasis. In clinical trials, however, Src kinase inhibitors exhibited limited activity in unselected patients. To understand the detailed mechanisms of Src inhibition, we developed a gene expression profile using a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines with known IC50 values to the Src inhibitor saracatinib to identify genes likely to associate with sensitivity/resistance to saracatinib. Among the genes identified, we sought to find and characterize a gene that could be predictive of response to saracatinib. Methods: We utilized a Src kinase inihibitor, saracatinib (AZD0530), which was kindly provided by AstraZeneca. We performed MTT based cell proliferation assays for 18 ovarian cancer cell lines to determine their sensitivities to saracatinib, and classified them as either sensitive or resistant according to their IC50 data. The mean of log10(IC50) across 18 lines was used as a cutoff value. A gene expression profile associated with the Src inhibitor sensitivity was developed by processing extracted RNA from those cell lines and running Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST arrays. Data normalization and statistical analysis were conducted using Partek Genomics Suite software. To explore the expression changes in protein level for the selected gene before and after treatment with saracatinib, we performed western blots for several drug-sensitive and resistant cell lines. Cells were treated for 24 hours with physiological concentrations of saracatinib. Results: Out of eighteen ovarian cancer cell lines, 11 and 7 cell lines were categorized into sensitive and resistant groups respectively based on the results from cell proliferation assays. The mean of log10(IC50) was 1.51 μM, which was used as cutoff value to define as sensitive or resistant. Statistical analysis for the gene expression profile detected seven differentially expressed genes between the two groups (p < 2.31×10−5, two sample t-test for sensitive group versus resistant group and false discovery rate of < 0.05). Among them, we focused on pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1; securin) since it is involved in a variety of cancer-related processes such as cell transformation, mitotic regulation and angiogenesis. In addition, previous studies have shown higher expressions of PTTG1 gene in many cancers, including ovarian cancer, when compared with normal tissues. We found that PTTG1 gene expression levels were higher in resistant lines (mean resistant/sensitive ratio = 2.0, p-value = 5.74×10−6). Interestingly, our western blot results demonstrated that in sensitive cell lines, the protein level of PTTG1 was significantly reduced by treatment with saracatinib, but no reduction was seen in the resistant lines. These results indicate that enhanced and preserved PTTG1 expression correlates with resistance to Src inhibition. The ability of this gene to work as a predictive biomarker for saracatinib sensitivity should be further investigated in practical tumor specimens. Conclusions: Highly expressed PTTG1 gene correlates with resistance to Src inhibition. PTTG1 could be a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to Src kinase inhibitor.


This study examines the policy of verbal subject cataloging and its implementation in the college library. The main question of this study is how the verbal subject cataloging policy and its implementation in the process of cataloging activities in the college library. The data are taken from two college library which is considered to be fairly well established located around Jakarta. The methodology of this research is descriptive use a qualitative approach. The research reveals that the two libraries have already have policy on subject cataloging although it is still in a draft and still in the process of refinement. Both libraries have established guidelines for verbal subject cataloging which must be used consistently, but in its implementation there are many factors that affected the quality of the output of subject cataloging activities, including personal factors cataloger, the workload, the language of the library materials. It is recommended that the library to prepare a written policy adequately and maintain the consistency of the cataloging process and its output quality.


This study aims at evaluating shrinkage cracking risk in reinforced concrete structures, which has not been established in the past studies. To achieve this goal, analytical scheme capable of calculating the probability of shrinkage cracking was proposed. In this scheme, the variation of shrinkage restrained stress, that of concrete cracking strength, and safety factor are to be determined. The first two were determined with simple analytical simulation of structural elements, and the last factor was based on the comparison between cracking record of actual RC member and analysis results. Finally, this scheme was applied to actual construction project, and its validity was confirmed during the construction process.


Traveling across multiple time zones, especially from east-to-west so that hours are "lost", has documented negative effects on athletic performance. Nichols (2012) finds mixed evidence that sports betting markets fail to account for these effects. We reconsider, for the 2005-2010 NFL regular seasons, the "jet lag" hypothesis with more direct methods. We find that closing lines of NFL contests are set irrationally such that the jet lag effect is not appreciated. More importantly, we are the first to document that betting against potential jet lag teams proves to be markedly profitable. This profitability is statistically significant, which is a standard very rarely encountered throughout the literature. Consistent with our conjectures, we find these results to be even stronger when only afternoon games are kept in the sample and when division games are omitted from the sample.


Here are considered time‐harmonic electromagnetic waves in a quadratic waveguide consisting of a periodic dielectric core enclosed by conducting walls. The permittivity function may be smooth or have jumps. The electromagnetic field is given by a magnetic vector potential in Lorenz gauge, and defined on a Floquet cell. The Helmholtz operator is approximated by a Chebyshev collocation, Fourier–Galerkin method. Laurent's rule and the inverse rule are employed for the representation of Fourier coefficients of products of functions. The computations yield, for known wavenumbers, values of the first few eigenfrequencies of the field. In general, the dispersion curves exhibit band gaps. Field patterns are identified as transverse electric, TE, transverse magnetic, TM, or hybrid modes. Maxwell's equations are fulfilled. A few trivial solutions appear when the permittivity varies in the guiding direction and across it. The results of the present method are consistent with exact results and with those obtained by a low‐order finite element software. The present method is more efficient than the low‐order finite element method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 490–513, 2014


A geoacoustic inversion method based on dispersion characteristic of normal modes is presented. An adaptive time-frequency analysis technique with a high resolution in both time and frequency domains is applied to derive the dispersion characteristic of normal modes from the broadband propagation signal. The bottom acoustic parameters are inverted by matching the calculated group delays of normal modes with the experimental data. Finally, some experimental results which could validate the inversion method are given.


The copper ores at Mount Isa (Queensland, Australia) are hosted by the Urquhart Shale, a metamorphosed Proterozoic sequence of dolomitic siltstones and shales. Sulfur isotope data from copper ores and their hosts suggest that the highly pyritic Urquhart Shale provided a major sulfur component to the copper ores and also that variable contributions from an 34 S-enriched source have been added along with copper by the hydrothermal brine. The ratio of sedimentary-diagenetic sulfur to introduced sulfur is poorly constrained because of the probable isotopic heterogeneity of the sedimentary-diagenetic pyrite at the onset of copper mineralization. The isotopic evidence for large-scale incorporation of sedimentary sulfide sulfur into the epigenetic copper ores is consistent with the suggestion that the sulfides in the replaced metasediments were an important ingredient in the chemical trap that contributed to the localization of the copper ores at Mount Isa.


This paper, proposes an analysis and design of a high efficiency boost-inverter with bidirectional back-up battery storage in fuel cell. When low-voltage unregulated fuel cell (FC) output is conditioned to generate AC power, two stages are required: a boost stage and an inversion one. In this paper, the boost-inverter topology that achieves both boosting and inversion functions in a single-stage is used to develop an FC-based energy system which offers high conversion efficiency, low-cost and compactness. The proposed system incorporates additional battery-based energy storage and a DC-DC bi-directional converter to support instantaneous load changes. The output voltage of the boost-inverter is voltage-mode controlled and the DC-DC bidirectional converter is current-mode controlled. The load low frequency current ripple is supplied by the battery which minimizes the effects of such ripple being drawn directly from the FC itself. Analysis, simulation results are presented to confirm the operational performance of the proposed system.


In this study, indoor radon concentration (CRn) were measured by solid state nuclear track detectors in bare mode using CR-39 inside fifteen dwelling at different locations in Baghdad governorate for a period two months. The Potential Alpha Energy concentration (PAEC) in Working Level (WL) of radon daughters, exposure to radon progeny (EP) in (WLM Y-1), the annual effective dose (mSv/y) and the lung cancer cases per year per million person (CPPP) have been studied. The results show that the radon concentration ranged from 83.4 Bq/m3 in Topchi to 238.8 Bq/m3 in Baya with average 116.78 Bq/m3, Potential Alpha Energy concentration values of radon daughters varies from (0.009 to 0.026) WL with an average value of 0.02WL, the annual effective dose rate from 2.10 to 6.02 mSv/y with average 2.95 mSv/y, exposure to radon progeny from 3.71 to 10.62 WLM Y-1 with average 5.2WLMY-1 and the lung cancer per year per million person from 0.88 to 4.46 with average 1.7. The indoor radon concentration was in agreement to radon concentration levels (200 Bq/m3) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).


Sb2S3 nanoparticles surface-modified with S-tetradecyl N, N-dihydroxyethyl dithiocarbamate (C14DTC-Sb2S3) have been synthesized via extraction of Sb2S3 colloidal particles from ethylene glycol into toluene in the presence of C14DTC. The obtained products were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), and their tribological behaviors as an additive in liquid paraffin were investigated using a four-ball tribometer. The results show that C14DTC-Sb2S3 nanoparticles can significantly improve the friction reduction, anti-wear, and load-carrying properties of base oils. The preliminary lubrication mechanism was discussed based on the SEM and XPS investigation of the rubbed surfaces.


Background Medical staff fighting the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing stress from high occupational risk, panic in the community and the extreme workload. Maintaining the psychological health of a medical team is essential for efficient functioning, but psychological intervention models for emergency medical teams are rare. Aims To design a systematic, full-coverage psychological health support scheme for medical teams serving large-scale emergent situations, and demonstrate its effectiveness in a real-world study in Leishenshan Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. Methods The scheme integrates onsite and online mental health resources and features team-based psychosocial support and evidence-based interventions. It contained five modules, including a daily measurement of mood, a daily mood broadcast that promotes positive affirmation, a daily online peer-group activity with themes based on the challenges reported by the team, Balint groups and an after-work support team. The daily mood measurement provides information to the other modules. The scheme also respects the special psychological characteristics of medical staff by promoting their strengths. Results The scheme economically supported a special medical team of 156 members with only one onsite psychiatrist. Our data reflected that the entire medical team maintained an overall positive outlook (7–9 out of 10 in a Daily Mood Index, DMI) for nearly 6 weeks of continuous working. Since the scheme promoted self-strengths and positive self-affirmation, the number of self-reports of life-related gains were high and played a significant effect on the DMI. Our follow-up investigations also revealed that multiple modules of the scheme received high attention and evaluation levels. Conclusion Our quantitative data from Leishenshan hospital, Wuhan, China, show that the programme is adequate to support the continuous high workload of medical teams. This scheme could be applied to medical teams dealing with emergent situations.


Tert-1- (hydroxyalkyl) alkyl-xanthines of a medicament useful for diseases associated with high reactivity for treating pathologies of eosinophils. Specification relates to novel xanthine compounds and methods.


Abstract Since the 1990s spatial economic policy increasingly tries to encourage the development of innovative firms especially in selected locations like technology parks. Spatial proximity in these locations should lead to the development of competitive clusters. The technology park Berlin-Adlershof is one example for this new approach of spatial economic policy; today it is - according to the number of employees - one of the largest technology parks in Europe. This paper discusses to what extent spatial economic policy has contributed to the development of an interlinked cluster. First elements of spatial economic policy will be evaluated according to the network and cluster approaches. Then general considerations of cluster development will be confronted with the development path of Berlin-Adlershof. Finally the extent of network formation will be discussed. The economic dynamic in Berlin-Adlershof shows that a proximity-oriented approach of spatial economic policy has been successful. Spatial proximity has encouraged the development of networks between the units, but up to now networks between science and business are not very strong


Important information regarding the MR appearance of the cervical spine can be obtained using spin-echo and gradient-pulse sequences with motion reduction techniques and intravenous gadolinium-DTPA. In this article the normal MR appearance of the cervical spine is presented, using these newer techniques. Some artifacts and pathologic conditions that may alter the normal appearance of the cervical spine are illustrated.


Carbon monoxide still remains one of the most common causes of fatal poisonings. Mechanisms of carbon monoxide toxic effects are complex and lead to hypoxia of body tissues. The most sensitive to tissue hypoxia are: the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system.The most characteristic cardiac symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are: stenocardial symptoms, hypotonia, myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, bradycardia). Carbon monoxide connects with high affinity to metallo-proteins mainly to hemoglobin impairing oxygen transport in the body and to myoglobin, interfering with its function as oxygen reservoir among others in myocardium. Connecting to cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria it blocks the chain of electron transport which results in impairment of cellural respiration and formation of free radicals. Carbon monoxide has also relaxation effect against the smooth muscles of blood vessels, and thrombogenic effect. It is particularly adverse in patients with ischemic heart disease. In case of carbon monoxide poisoning one should always search for features of myocardial injury- as far as screening is concerned the most important ones are ECG and screening for cardiac troponin. Depending on the course of poisoning other laboratory (e.g. BNP) or imaging (echo-cardiography. scintiscanning, coronarography) tests may also prove to be useful.


A high-performance graphene-based HgCdTe detector technology is being developed for sensing over the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) band for NASA Earth Science, defense, and commercial applications. This technology involves the integration of graphene into HgCdTe photodetectors that combines the best of both materials and allows for higher MWIR (2-5 μm) detection performance compared to photodetectors using only HgCdTe material. The interfacial barrier between the HgCdTe-based absorber and the graphene layer reduces recombination of photogenerated carriers in the detector. The graphene layer also acts as high mobility channel that whisks away carriers before they recombine, further enhancing the detector performance. Likewise, HgCdTe has shown promise for the development of MWIR detectors with improvements in carrier mobility and lifetime. The room temperature operational capability of HgCdTe-based detectors and arrays can help minimize size, weight, power and cost for MWIR sensing applications such as remote sensing and earth observation, e.g., in smaller satellite platforms. The objective of this work is to demonstrate graphene-based HgCdTe room temperature MWIR detectors and arrays through modeling, material development, and device optimization. The primary driver for this technology development is the enablement of a scalable, low cost, low power, and small footprint infrared technology component that offers high performance, while opening doors for new earth observation measurement capabilities.


Background Associated reactions of the upper limb are frequently seen in stroke patients, especially during dynamic activities, such as walking. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a method to inhibit the affected upper limb flexors combined with balance training on associated reactions of the affected upper limb and walking function in chronic stroke patients. Material/Methods 60 patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n=20 per group): control group (no upper limb intervention), back group (the unaffected hand assists the affected upper limb in the low back and keep it in an extended position) and shoulder elevation group using the inhibition method (the unaffected hand assists the affected shoulder to elevate above 90°). Before and after the four-week balance training, the surface electromyography was used to evaluate the rate of contraction of affected elbow flexors. Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT) and Barthel Index (BI) were used to measure functional status. Results The shoulder elevation group had significant improvement in the percentage changes in the rate of contraction of the affected elbow flexors, 10WMT and FMA-UE (p<0.05) compared with back group and control group. We found no significant difference of 10WMT and FMA-UE between back group and control group. Conclusions The combination of the new inhibition method and the standing balance training could reduce the abnormal activity of affected elbow flexors during walking, increase walking speed, and improve the affected upper limb motor function.


Monocyte-reactive human alloantibodies may be of importance in situations such as transfusion reactions and bone marrow and kidney transplantation. So far, only complement-binding monocyte-reactive antibodies can be detected with a cytotoxicity assay. No antiglobulin assays are yet available that also detect noncomplement-fixing monocyte-reactive antibodies. The binding of monomeric IgG with high affinity to the Fc receptor I (FcRI) on monocytes has severely hampered the development of such an assay until now. We report on the selective removal of the FcRI from monocytes to test human sera in a flow cytofluorometry assay for the presence of monocyte-reactive IgG alloantibodies. Selective downmodulation of FcRI was accomplished by incubating the cells with murine monoclonal antibodies against FcRI followed by a second incubation with goat-antimouse IgG polyclonal antibodies. With such modified cells, human complement-binding and noncomplement-binding IgG and IgM alloantibodies against polymorphic determinants of the HLA class I and II glycoproteins, the human monocyte antigen system and polymorphic antigenic determinants of the LFA complex, can be detected in a sensitive and reproducible manner.


In more than ninety novels and novellas, Honore de Balzac (1799–1850) created a universe teeming with over two thousand characters. The Misfit of the Family reveals how Balzac, in imagining the dense, vividly rendered social world of his novels, used his writing as a powerful means to understand and analyze—as well as represent—a range of forms of sexuality. Moving away from the many psychoanalytic approaches to the novelist's work, Michael Lucey contends that in order to grasp the full complexity with which sexuality was understood by Balzac, it is necessary to appreciate how he conceived of its relation to family, history, economics, law, and all the many structures within which sexualities take form.

The Misfit of the Family is a compelling argument that Balzac must be taken seriously as a major inventor and purveyor of new tools for analyzing connections between the sexual and the social. Lucey's account of the novelist's deployment of "sexual misfits" to impel a wide range of his most canonical works— Cousin Pons, Cousin Bette, Eugenie Grandet, Lost Illusions, The Girl with the Golden Eyes —demonstrates how even the flexible umbrella term "queer" barely covers the enormous diversity of erotic and social behaviors of his characters. Lucey draws on the thinking of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu and engages the work of critics of nineteenth-century French fiction, including Naomi Schor, D. A. Miller, Franco Moretti, and others. His reflections on Proust as Balzac's most cannily attentive reader suggest how the lines of social and erotic force he locates in Balzac's work continued to manifest themselves in twentieth-century writing and society.


In 2008 the State of Geneva modified its regulation on taxation at source in order to collect electronic fiscal data from employers. Indeed the latter provide data on their employees directly to the tax administration (AFC) and furthermore pay taxes to the State on behalf of their employees. They subtract the corresponding amounts from employees' income and refund that money to the fiscal administration. The taxation at source system is applied to foreigners who work in Switzerland or who receive Swiss pensions, to people who live in Geneva but work in other Cantons, as well as to performers, artists or speakers who work occasionally in Geneva. More than 12'000 companies and 117'000 employees are concerned by the scheme, and large companies provide data on several thousand employees. In the past these files provided by employers were handled semi-automatically by the AFC (at best). The new system (called ISEL for Impôt à la Source En Ligne) offers employers two electronic channels to provide data on employees: file transfer (.XSD) and internet e-form. This case study describes the ISEL project and its context, and discusses the issues raised by the introduction of this e-taxation system. On the human side, our paper takes a qualitative approach, based on interviews of various stakeholders involved in the project. They were asked questions on ISEL's functionality, usability, performance, and so on. On the technical side, the paper presents the architecting principles of the e-government approach in Geneva (Legality, Responsibility, Transparency and Symmetry) and the workflow that was implemented on top of AFC's legacy system.


Bladeless fan is a novel type of fan with an unusual geometry and unique characteristics. This type of fan has been recently developed for domestic applications in sizes typically up to 30cm diameter. In the present study, a Bladeless fan with a diameter of 60cm was designed and constructed, in order to investigate feasibility of its usage in various industries with large dimensions. Firstly, flow field passed through this fan was studied by 3D modeling. Aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance of the fan were considered via solving the conservation of mass and momentum equations in their unsteady form. To validate the acoustic code, NACA 0012 airfoil was simulated in a two dimension domain and the emitted noise was calculated for Re=2×10 5 . Good agreement between numerical and experimental results was observed by applying FW-H equations for predicting noise of the fan. To validate the simulated aerodynamic results, a Bladeless fan with a 60cm diameter was constructed and experimentally tested. In addition, the difference between the experimental and numerical results was acceptable for this fan. Moreover, the experimental results in the present study showed that this fan is capable to be designed and used for various industrial applications.


Resume Present work discusses issues of growth and characterization of a thin oxide layer formed on the surface of a titanium-niobium alloy. An oxide layer on the surface of titanium alloys introduces a corrosion resistance and also a bio-compatibility, which is required for a medical application. Although this oxide layer is a result of a spontaneous passivation, for the practical applications it is necessary to control the growth of oxides. In this work the oxide layer was formed on the PVD coating from Ti39Nb alloy which was sputtered on three different base materials: CP Ti grade 2, stainless steel AISI 316LVM and titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V ELI. The oxide layer was created by a thermal oxidation at 600 °C for three different oxidation periods: 1, 4 and 8 hours. After the oxidation process the influence of oxidation characteristics and base materials on the thickness and properties of oxide layer was studied. There was observed a change of color and surface roughness. The oxide layer surface as well as the layer thickness was observed by SEM. The influence of the substrate material under the coating on the oxide layer should be more investigated in the future.


Spatial data appear in numerous applications, such as GIS, multimedia and even traditional databases. Most of the analysis on spatial data has focused on point data, typically using the uniformity assumption, or, more accurately, a fractal distribution. However, no results exist for nonpoint spatial data, like 2D regions (e.g., islands), 3D volumes (e.g., physical objects in the real world), etc. This is exactly the problem we solve in this paper. Based on experimental evidence that real areas and volumes follow a "power law," that we named REGAL (REGion Area Law), we show 1) the theoretical implications of our model and its connection with the ubiquitous fractals and 2) the first of its practical uses, namely, the selectivity estimation for range queries. Experiments on a variety of real data sets (islands, lakes, and human-inhabited areas) show that our method is extremely accurate, enjoying a maximum relative error ranging from 1 to 5 percent, versus 30-70 percent of a naive model that uses the uniformity assumption.


Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent heptapeptide hepatotoxin at high doses, but its underlying mechanism of promoting liver cell proliferation at low doses is unclear. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is key in mediating the protective antioxidant response against various environmental toxicants, but emerging data suggest that constitutive activation of Nrf2 contributes to a malignant phenotype. The purpose of this study was to characterize the interactions and effects of Nrf2 activation on cell proliferation induced by MC-LR treatment. Treatment of HepG2 and Hep3B cells with MC-LR resulted in significant increases in Nrf2-ARE binding activities in the nuclear fractions and upregulation of its downstream genes HO-1 and NQO1. A possible mechanism may be that MC-LR binds to the cytosolic regulator protein Keap1 to liberate Nrf2. Nrf2 knockdown inhibited MC-LR-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Together, these results indicate that MC-LR-induced upregulation of Nrf2 in cancer cells promotes liver cancer cell growth and suggest a positive role of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis.


Two semiconducting naphthalene bisimides were comparatively studied: NBI-(TAA)(2), symmetrically N-substituted with triaryl amine and asymmetric NBI-TAA-Oc with triaryl amine and octyl N-substituents. Both compounds show very similar spectroscopic and redox properties but differ in their supramolecular organization. As evidenced by STM, in monolayers on HOPG they form ordered 2D structures, however of different packing patterns. NBI-(TAA)(2) does not form ordered 3D structures, yielding amorphous thin films whereas films of NBI-TAA-Oc are highly crystalline. DFT calculations predict the ionization potential (IP) of 5.22 eV and 5.18 eV for NBI-TAA-Oc and NBI-(TAA)(2), respectively, as well as the electron affinity values (EA) of -3.25 eV and -3.22 eV. These results are consistent with the cyclic voltammetry data which yield similar values of IP (5.20 eV and 5.19 eV) and somehow different values of EA (-3.80 eV and -3.83 eV). As judged from these data, both semiconductors should exhibit ambipolar behavior. Indeed, NBI-TAA-Oc is ambipolar, showing hole and electron mobilities of 4.5 × 10(-5) cm(2)/(V s) and of 2.6 × 10(-4) cm(2)/(V s), respectively, in the field effect transistor configuration. NBI-(TAA)(2) is not ambipolar and yields field effect only in the p-channel configuration. This different behavior is rationalized on the basis of structural factors.


In this work, effect of the inlet conditions for the intake charge on the in-cylinder heat transfer characteristics for port injection Hydrogen Fueled Engine H2ICE are investigated through steady state simulation. One dimensional gas dynamics was described the flow and heat transfer in the components of the engine model. Firstly a brief demonstration for the model description was inserted; followed by the model governing equations. The engine model is simulated with variable engine speed and AFR with influence of the variation of intake charge conditions (pressure and temperature). Engine speed varied from 2000 rpm to 5000 rpm with increment equal to 1000 rpm, while AFR changed from stoichiometric to lean limit. As well as the inlet pressure varied from 0.95 bar to 1.05 bar with 0.05 interval and the inlet temperature varied from 290 to 310 with 10 interval. The combined effects for the intake charge conditions with variation of AFR and the engine speed on the in-cylinder heat transfer characteristics for port injection H2ICE are presented in this paper. The baseline engine model is verified with existing previous published result. The results showed the heat transfer characteristics to be more affected by changes in the intake pressure than in the temperature. It was also found that the effect of change for the intake charge pressure disappeared for lean mixture. Beside that the acquired results are presented by examining the dependency of in-cylinder heat transfer rate on the engine speed and AFR.


Kedungkandang District is one of the fastest growing areas in Malang City and become a urban area. The implication this development is dcreasing of urban open space area by 1 - 2% per year, and followed by increased surface flow during rain. Infiltration well is one of the efficient rainwater utilization to reduce run-off. In Kedungkandang district three are different soil types which affects the permeability coefficient value for determination the dimension of infiltration well. This study aimed to determine the dimension of infiltration wells suitable for application individual infiltration wells for housing type 36, 45, 54, 70, 90 and 110.  In order to determine dimension of infiltration wells would be used, there were some analysis done: hydrology and soil permeability coefficient. The conclusion from this research was the bigger the house size, it would need a bigger dimension of infiltration well as well. From the three types of soil in Kedungkandang, the houses in alluvial fan ground type and tuff volcanic soil require a smaller size of infiltration wells than the houses located in Buring volcano mountain sediments. Key words: infiltration well, run-off


ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of stumps and internodes of bamboos to colonization by different types of macroinvertebrates and the formation of communities of different complexity. Semi-controlled field studies were carried out in a subtropical area of Argentina to analyse community structure, species richness of the aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and co-occurrences of predators and prey to delineate the food webs. Water-filled bamboos were sampled every season during a year by removing, without replacing, all water and macroinvertebrates. This study shows that the variation in the morphology of the container provides different resources, leading to segregation of species per container type, and allowing each of them to establish aquatic communities with differences in diversity. The Diptera was best represented in the communities of bamboos, where Culicidae showed the highest species richness and Ceratopogonidae were the most abundant numerically. Eleven taxa were present in both phytotelmata, 12 were unique in internodes and 13 in stumps. The community in internodes was composed of 21 taxa where mosquitoes were represented by Sabethini and Toxorhynchitini. By contrast, stumps were colonized by 24 taxa and Ceratopogonidae were numerically dominant. Regarding food webs established in stumps and internodes, no differences in length were found, except for the species that played equivalent roles in each of the studied phytotelmata.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the advantages of release of the skin and dartos to those obtained after mobilization of the urethral plate and resection of the underlying fibrous tissue (according to Mollard).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Between February 1996 and March 2003, 97 patients were operated for posterior hypospadias. Lateral photographs were taken in these patients during successive erection tests: a first test was performed at the beginning of the operation, a second test was performed after release of the skin and dartos, a third test was possibly performed after mobilization of the urethral plate and resection of the underlying fibrous tissue, and a last test was performed at the end of the operation.

RESULTS
Release of chordee with preservation of the urethral plate was achieved in 88 patients (91% of cases). Analysis of the lateral photographs showed that dissection of the skin and dartos ensured correction of chordee less than 55 degrees, while this procedure was insufficient for chordee exceeding 90 degrees. Dissection of the urethral plate and resection of the underlying fibrous tissue only allowed correction of chordee between 10 degrees and 25 degrees, with no increase of the postoperative complication rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Correction of chordee associated with posterior hypospadias is essentially obtained by release of the skin and dartos and mobilization of the urethral plate does not endanger the blood supply.


The interaction between malabsorption syndrome (MAS) and dietary vitamins A and D was studied in broiler chicks reared in floor pens for 4 weeks. The chicks were naturally infected with MAS, whereas hatchmates fed the same diets but in a separate facility (battery brooder) did not exhibit signs of MAS and, therefore, were considered controls. MAS significantly reduced body weights, bone ash, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, and liver lipids and increased the incidence of skeletal abnormalities (tibial dyschondroplasia and rickets). Rather than ameliorating the effects of MAS, vitamin A caused a further reduction in body weight and bone ash. A possible nutrient interaction between vitamin A and vitamin D or vitamin E in birds with MAS may account for the exacerbative effect of vitamin A.


BACKGROUND
L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) enzyme has gained significant attention in the food, biocatalysts and pharmaceutics industry. It (L-AsnA) has been widely used in food processing industries as a promising acrylamide mitigating agent and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of certain human cancers.

OBJECTIVE
Based on US Patent (4,433,054; 1984), the L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) enzyme is immobilized by admixing the active enzyme on the polysaccharide to be in a gel form [1]. The storage stability of immobilized L-AsnA enzyme and its anti-proliferation and antiviral activity were determined.

METHODS
In the present study, S. maxima was cultured at large scales (300 liter) for the production of enough extracellular L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) using modified (high N concentration) Zarrouk [2] medium as we reported in a previous study [3]. The L-AsnA was immobilized on natural polymers, as agar cake beads, agarose pieces and gelatin blocks, in order to evaluate the efficiency physical entrapment techniques. Anti-proliferation properties of L-AsnA against lung carcinoma A549, hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 and prostate carcinoma PC3 human cancer cell lines was assessed by the MTT cell viability method. In addition, the antiviral activity against Coxsackie B3 (CSB3) Virus was assessed.

RESULTS
The highest L-AsnA immobilized activity and immobilization yield were achieved with agar cakes bead. The purified S. maxima L-AsnA showed a good antiviral activity against Coxsackie B3 (CSB3) Virus in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 value 17.03 µg/ml. The antiviral mode of action is presumably due to their capability of inhibiting attachment, blocking the adsorption and penetration event of the viral replication cycle with 89.24%, 72.78% and 72.78%, respectively. Also, S. maxima L-AsnA showed anti-proliferation effect against lung carcinoma A549, hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 and prostate carcinoma PC3 human cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 22.54, 24.65 and 56.61 µg/ml, respectively.

CONCLUSION
It is interesting to favor the L-asparaginase of S. maxima showed antiviral activity and anti-proliferation effect against different types of human cell lines. Thus, S. maxima microalgae might be a good source for L-AsnA enzymes and can be immobilized on natural polymers.


We propose a light-weight video frame interpolation algorithm. Our key innovation is an instance-level supervision that allows information to be learned from the high-resolution version of similar objects. Our experiment shows that the proposed method can generate state-of-the-art results across different datasets, with fractional computation resources (time and memory) of competing methods. Given two image frames, a cascade network creates an intermediate frame with 1) a flow-warping module that computes coarse bi-directional optical flow and creates an interpolated image via flow-based warping, followed by 2) an image synthesis module to make fine-scale corrections. In the learning stage, object detection proposals are generated on the interpolated image. Lower resolution objects are zoomed into, and the learning algorithms using an adversarial loss trained on high-resolution objects to guide the system towards the instance-level refinement corrects details of object shape and boundaries.


A fractionation and analytical procedure is described for the measurement of the unavailable carbohydrates in foods. The scheme provides values for water-soluble polysaccharides, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Tests used to investigate the reliability of the methods are reported and the results obtained with a range of foodstuffs are presented. From the results obtained it is possible to derive values for the composition of the cell-wall material of these foods. The results are in agreement with more detailed studies of the composition of the cell walls of plants.


A 64-year-old woman with a 15-years-history of rheumatoid arthritis developed generalized hemorrhagic diathesis. Routine coagulation tests revealed a slightly diminished platelet count only. Platelet aggregation in vitro induced by ADP, collagen, thrombin, arachidonic acid and ristocetin were reduced. The patient's plasma aggregating activity was significantly diminished which was due to a decrease of the intraplatelet nucleotide pool. The number of mepacrine labelled bodies as well as dense bodies in electron microscopy was below the normal values as well. Moreover, the intraplatelet concentration of cyclooxygenase--malonylodialdehyde (MDA) and lipoxygenase pathway products were lowered. Total platelet immunoglobulin G and M contents were significantly increased. The platelet survival time (in vitro aspirin method) was slightly shortened. Finally the diagnosis of delta-acquired platelet storage pool deficiency (delta-SPD) was established and possibilities of treatment were discussed.


OBJECTIVE—About 20% of diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) detected from the new American Diabetes Association recommendations (albumin excretion rate >30 mg/24 h or estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) may be normoalbuminuric. Do the characteristics and outcome differ for subjects with and without albuminuria? RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 89 patients with diabetes and a modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) estimated GFR (e-GFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 underwent a 51Cr-EDTA B-isotopic GFR determination and were followed up for 38 ± 11 months. RESULTS—The mean MDRD e-GFR (41.3 ± 13.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2) did not significantly differ from the i-GFR (45.6 ± 29.7). Of the subjects, 15 (17%) were normoalbuminuric. Their i-GFR did not differ from the albuminuric rate and from their MDRD e-GFR, although their serum creatinine was lower (122 ± 27 vs. 160 ± 71 μmol/l, P < 0.05): 71% would not have been detected by measuring serum creatinine (sCr) alone. They were less affected by diabetic retinopathy, and their HDL cholesterol and hemoglobin were higher (P < 0.05 vs. albuminuric). None of the CKD normoalbuminuric subjects started dialysis (microalbuminuric: 2/36, macroalbuminuric: 10/38) or died (microalbuminuric: 3/36, macroalbuminuric: 7/38) during the follow-up period (log-rank test: P < 0.005 for death or dialysis), and their albumin excretion rate and sCr values were stable after 38 months, whereas the AER increased in the microalbuminuric patients (P < 0.05), and the sCr increased in the macroalbuminuric patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS—Although their sCr is usually normal, most of the normoalbuminuric diabetic subjects with CKD according to an MDRD e-GFR below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 do really have a GFR below 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. However, as expected, because of normoalbuminuria and other favorable characteristics, their risk for CKD progression or death is lower.


: Online Recruitment frauds are becoming an important issue in cyber-crime region. Companies find it easier to hire people with the help of the internet rather than the old traditional way. But it has greatly attracted scammers. In this project, we have proposed a solution on how to detect ORF. We have presented our results based on the previous model and the methodologies, to create the ORF detection model where we have used Jobs_Frauds.csv. We have selected this dataset from Kaggle. Furthermore, Dummy Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, Naïve Bayes Classifiers, XG Boost, SGD classifier, Passive Aggressive and KNN are the algorithms that have been used. We have found the accuracy of different prediction models, where Passive Aggressive (98.12%) and Gaussian Naïve Bayes (96.72%) give the highest accuracy. Through this project, we tried to create a precise way for detecting fraudulent hiring posts.


The demand for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rising worldwide. Controversy persists in the literature regarding the benefits of general versus neuraxial anesthesia and which anesthetic is associated with the best outcomes. Likewise, the abundance of analgesic options for post-TKA pain have led to debate regarding the safest, most effective regimens. In this paper, we evaluated a selection of recent publications regarding anesthetic and analgesic choices for TKA. High-quality studies and meta-analyses linking anesthetic agents and analgesic modalities to clinically important outcomes were chosen wherever possible. We included a range of clinical and population-based research, incorporating established and emerging techniques. Although not uniform, clinical and population-based data favor neuraxial anesthesia, and suggest less morbidity compared to general anesthesia. There is good evidence to support an opioid-minimizing, multimodal approach to post-TKA analgesia, featuring peripheral nerve blocks and/or peri-articular injection. The recently described IPACK (interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee) block may address posterior knee pain after TKA. Ultrasound-guided regional analgesia techniques are cost and clinically effective. Liposomal bupivacaine represents an expanding topic of research in TKA-analgesia, but currently, data do not support routine use. Evidence to guide the creation of pathways of care for TKA abounds, but must be tailored to local practice to maximize chances of success. Recent data supports the use of neuraxial anesthesia and regional analgesia techniques for TKA. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research to improve the state of the art are provided.


Purpose – Service employees in subordinate service roles are crucial for operational efficiency and service quality. However, the stressful nature of these roles, inappropriate hire selection, and the proliferation of job boards have created massive recruitment problems for HR departments. The purpose of this paper is to highlights the growing costs of recruiting the right candidates for service roles while offering an alternative approach to recruitment that is more efficient and effective than the traditional approach. Design/methodology/approach – The study offers empirical evidence of five instances in which the use of psychometric sifting procedures reduced recruitment costs, while improving the quality of the resultant hires. Findings – By standing the traditional recruitment process "on its head" and using psychometric tests at the start of the selection process, the recruitment process can be significantly improved. Such tests efficiently weed out unsuitable candidates before they even enter the recruitment process, leaving a smaller, better-qualified pool for possible recruitment. Practical implications – Firms can safely use the psychometric sifts to select applicants according to their operational efficiency, customer orientation, and overall performance. This paper illustrates the use of both traditional questionnaire measures and situational judgment tests to remove unsuitable applicants at the start of the selection process. A real-life case study suggests that such an approach increases the hiring success rate from 6:1 to 2:1. In the opening of a new supermarket by a UK group, this process saved 73,000 hours of managers' time, representing $1.8 million savings in opening costs. Originality/value – The paper offers a viable cost-saving alternative to a growing problem for HR departments in service firms and provides directions for further research.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of internal marketing on customer loyalty and the mediating role of job satisfaction, affective commitment & organizational citizenship behaviour in their relationship. The analysis is based on a dyadic data set of front-end service employees and customers. It involves responses provided by the 150 dyads collected through quantitative self-administered questionnaires from telecommunication organizations of Pakistan. Findings demonstrate that internal marketing has a positive significant effect on job satisfaction, affective commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. Furthermore, the theoretical model shows that organizational citizenship behaviour, affective commitment and job satisfaction act as mediators between internal marketing and customer loyalty. This study implies that IM is very beneficial and effective approach towards the customer positive behavioural outcomes such as customer loyalty.


Because of "information islands" of internal allegations shipboard command and simulation control system in the past, it brought the problem that the performance of access is inefficient. So, a architecture was employed based on SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). In this architecture, the simulation system was built by using of SCA (Service Component Architecture) method; To gain a quick response for the system needs, we package some functions of system into a number of services to achieve maximum reuse of business components, develop the services of the system programming, and publish and remote calling of services with web services. Finally, the simulation shows that the shipboard command and simulation control system based on SCA can meet heterogeneous and flexibility.


Abstract Recent experimental results indicate that little or no solid ammonium sulfate is present in background stratospheric aerosols. Other results allow straightforward calculation of sulfuric acid/water droplet properties (acidity, specific gravity, refractive index) as functions of stratosphere temperature and humidity. We combine these results with a variety of latitudinal and seasonal temperature and humidity profiles to obtain corresponding profiles of droplet properties. These profiles are used to update a previous model of stratospheric aerosol refractive index. The new model retains the simplifying approximation of vertically constant refractive index in the inner stratosphere, but has sulfuric acid/water refractive index values that significantly exceed the previously used room temperature values. Mean conversion ratios (e.g., extinction-to-number, backscatter-to-volume) obtained using Mie scattering calculations with the new refractive indices are very similar to those obtained for the old in...


Abstract : While combat support communities are not responsible for defending cyber networks, they are required to ensure mission execution, including when under cyber attack. Assessing mission assurance for combat support when under a cyber attack is challenging. The fact that many combat support systems do not reside on the most secure networks indicates potential vulnerabilities to cyber attack. Yet the sheer number of information systems that can be attacked, the range of vulnerabilities that these might have, the large number of combat support functions they support, and the complicated connections all of these have to operational missions makes assessments difficult. Add to this the evolving nature of the threats and vulnerabilities in cyberspace, and the task of finding adequate mitigation plans for all possibilities is formidable. What is needed is a way to pare down the problem that highlights the combat support functions and information systems of highest concern in order to focus resources on developing adequate mitigation plans for these. This report presents a sequential process for identifying those functions and information systems most likely to be problematic for the operational mission during cyber attacks. The method is implemented in a Microsoft Excel-hosted decision support tool that does not require any special expertise in the cyber domain.


The Baker‐Strehlow‐Tang (BST) vapor cloud explosion model is one of the most common methods used to estimate overpressures for the purpose of locating buildings in relation to process units. This model suffers from a problem common to all simplified explosion models: the user is required to pick the "strength" of the explosion using one or more simple parameters. In the BST model, the fuel reactivity, flame expansion, and obstacle density parameters are used to select a flame speed from a limited matrix of possible values. This article presents the Quest Model for estimation of flame speeds (QMEFS), a systematic approach to estimating flame speed that does not rely on the BST categories. It provides for a continuous range of flame speeds that can then be used with the existing BST blast curves to calculate the characteristics of the vapor cloud explosion. The QMEFS approach provides the user with a method for describing a vapor cloud explosion that is more detailed than the BST model, and establishes a more refined system for predicting the consequences of vapor cloud explosions. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009


Abstract Techniques enabling the intensive culture of walleye fry (Stizostedion vitreum) to fingerling size were developed. Initial steps involved rearing fry on live food in vertical upwelling and modified rectangular units for 30 d with a mean survival of 14.6 and 7.8%, respectively. Dispersal of fry in rearing units and initial loading rate appeared to be two variables affecting fry survival. Walleyes were reared intensively under three different feeding regimens. Those fed formulated diets survived a maximum of 39 d, even though significant numbers ingested the food particles; these fish failed to inflate their swim bladders. Walleyes fed brine shrimp and then converted to formulated diets, and those fed brine shrimp and zooplankton followed by conversion to formulated diets demonstrated a 3.9 and 6.0% survival through 65 d.


Whether the dilatation of proximal aorta in patients with bicuspid aortic valve is secondary to hemodynamic effects related to the abnormal aortic valve or a primary manifestation of the genetic disorder remains controversial. We discuss in this paper the recent data on the BAV function and transvalvular flow patterns in relation with the dilatation type of the proximal aorta. Different morphological forms of bicuspid aortic valve in relation with the specific transvalvular blood flow patterns are focus of the first paragraph of this paper. In the second part of this paper we present the pathogenetic insight into the different clinically observed phenotypes of bicuspid aortic valve disease (i.e., association of proximal aortic shapes with the specific cusp fusion patterns), based on the data from recent rheological studies.


Dust in debris disks is produced by colliding or evaporating planetesimals, which are remnants of the planet formation process. Warm dust disks, known by their emission at ≤24 μm, are rare (4% of FGK main sequence stars) and especially interesting because they trace material in the region likely to host terrestrial planets, where the dust has a very short dynamical lifetime. Statistical analyses of the source counts of excesses as found with the mid-IR Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) suggest that warm-dust candidates found for the Kepler transiting-planet host-star candidates can be explained by extragalactic or galactic background emission aligned by chance with the target stars. These statistical analyses do not exclude the possibility that a given WISE excess could be due to a transient dust population associated with the target. Here we report Herschel/PACS 100 and 160 micron follow-up observations of a sample of Kepler and non-Kepler transiting-planet candidates' host stars, with candidate WISE warm debris disks, aimed at detecting a possible cold debris disk in any one of them. No clear detections were found in any one of the objects at either wavelength. Our upper limits confirm that most objects in the sample do not have a massive debris disk like that in β Pic. We also show that the planet-hosting star WASP-33 does not have a debris disk comparable to the one around η Crv. Although the data cannot be used to rule out rare warm disks around the Kepler planet-hosting candidates, the lack of detections and the characteristics of neighboring emission found at far-IR wavelengths support an earlier result suggesting that most of the WISE-selected IR excesses around Kepler candidate host stars are likely due to either chance alignment with background IR-bright galaxies and/or to interstellar emission.


Effective thermal and micrometeoroid protection as afforded by the Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment (TMG) is critical in achieving safe and efficient missions. It is also critical that the TMG does not increase torque or decreased range of motion which can cause crewmember discomfort, fatigue, and reduced efficiency. For future exploration missions, removable and replaceable TMGs will allow the use of different pressure garment protective covers and TMG configurations for launch, re-entry, 0-G Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA), and lunar surface EVA. A study was conducted with the goal of developing high Technology Readiness Level (TRL), scalable, interface design concepts for TMG systems. The affects of TMG segmentation on mobility and donning were assessed. Closure mechanisms were investigated and tested to determine their operability after exposure to lunar dust. A TMG configuration with the optimum number of segments and location of interfaces was selected for the Mark III spacesuit. Interface segments were designed based on the study of closure mechanisms, dust test results, and trade studies of interface concepts. Interface segments were fabricated and tested to verify meeting the goals and requirements described in the Crew, Robotics, and Vehicle Equipment (CRAVE) Delivery Order (DO), DOCRAVE-EC5-D026. The most important criteria driving the interface design were determined to be the ability to don the TMG over a pressurized suit, the ability to actuate interfaces with a pressurized gloved hand, limiting the negative affect on mobility, and interface weight. The principal design concept of attaching the TMG by cinching it around the pressure garment hardware has been pursued by fabrication of an arm TMG segment for the waist entry I-Suit and D-Suit spacesuits. Results of the trade study and prototype evaluation are presented in this paper.


Abstract It is common for hospital inpatients on warfarin to suffer from fluctuations in their INR (international normalised ratio). Raised INRs are potentially very dangerous and may result in acute life-threatening haemorrhages. Conversely, low INRs may increase the risk for the development of venous thromboembolism. Having observed many deranged INRs among hospital inpatients, we decided to focus our project on identifying the contributing factors to deranged INRs and ways to address this problem. We analysed the warfarin prescriptions on all drug charts and surveyed the junior doctor staff. Our results revealed poor knowledge and confidence levels on warfarin prescribing among junior doctor staff. This is likely to be reflected in the poor completion rate of warfarin prescriptions. We instituted practical changes to resolve the issue: most importantly, a change to the warfarin administration time from 6 pm to 2 pm, supported by a poster campaign to increase awareness of the problem. The objective of these changes was to reduce prescribing errors by reducing warfarin prescriptions out-of-hours, by the on-call doctors. We repeated the audit cycle twice. Although our interventions were successfully introduced as shown in our second audit cycle, the changes that were implemented were not sustained as shown in the third audit cycle. We identified a need for annual intervention to educate new junior doctor staff to ensure that the positive outcomes achieved are maintained in the long term.


Summary form only given. The current work is focused towards the development of algorithms and CAD tools for the design of digital circuits with on line testing capability. The methodology is based on the theory of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of discrete event systems (DES) (S.Hashtrudi Zad et al, Proc. 38th IEEE Conf. on Decision & Control, p.1756-1761,1998). The paper deals with optimization of the algorithms of fault detection to alleviate the problem of state explosion, based on symbolic techniques like "ordered binary decision diagrams" and "abstraction". With the help of these algorithms, a CAD tool has been developed that can provide a fully automated flow for design of circuits with on-line test capabilities and can handle generic digital circuits with cell count as high as 15,000 and about 2/sup 500/ states. Further, this methodology provides the designer with a wide range of tradeoffs in detector design: fault coverage and detection latency vs. area and power overhead.


New psychoactive substances (NPS) sometimes referred to as "legal highs" or "designer drugs" are psychotropic materials that mimic the effects of other banned illicit drugs but are not always controlled under drug legislation. NPS are typically marketed as "not for human consumption" and are instead labelled and sold as research chemicals in Poland to avoid legislative controls. One of the main NPS classes are hallucinogens. The present paper aims at providing an overview of two groups of psychedelic drugs – lysergamides and tryptamines, and determining their legislation status in Poland. Psychodysleptics have always been of interest to people who want to experiment with their senses and boundaries. They may show beneficial effects which, from a medical point of view indicate the possibility of using them in therapies. NPS that have been described in this paper: 1-Propionyl-dlysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD), 6-Allyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (AL-LAD), 6-Ethyl-6nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (ETH-LAD), 4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine (4-HO-MET), 5methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT).


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a review of diversity management research published in hospitality and tourism-specific and business discipline-based journals. The study objectives include attempting to assess the progress of diversity management research in hospitality and tourism, identifying gaps between the general business diversity management literature and the hospitality and tourism literature and providing hospitality and tourism scholars with suggestions to advance knowledge in diversity management.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is a critical review of the existing diversity management literature in the general business and hospitality and tourism disciplines in an attempt to identify gaps and make suggestions for expanding this knowledge in the hospitality and tourism fields.

Findings

There are significant gaps between the diversity management scholarship conducted in hospitality and tourism disciplines and the general business field. Diversity management research in general business is far more in-depth and uses sociological and social psychological theoretical frameworks.

Research limitations/implications

There are lessons to be learned from the general business literature that uses strong theoretical foundations deeply grounded in sociological, psychological, social-psychological and management theories. The general management literature also explores the conditions under which diversity management adds value or creates challenges for organizations.

Practical implications

The hospitality and tourism industry has employed large numbers of ethnic minorities, women and members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community for decades. As such, it is critical that scholars explore the implications of such a diverse workforce not only on organizational outcomes, but also on individual and group performance. The general business diversity management research suggests that workgroup composition can influence individual and group performance, as well as the quality of co-worker relationships. Given the team-oriented, interdependent nature of work in the hospitality and tourism industry, it is imperative that researchers conduct studies that help practitioners understand the most effective perspectives and approaches to diversity management.

Social implications

The critical literature review demonstrated that there is extremely scarce research on diversity management focusing on employees with disabilities. It is imperative to shed more light on best diversity management practices, workplace etiquette of this under-represented group of employees and their interaction with their co-workers.

Originality/value

This study's results provide insight into areas of exploration that can significantly enhance the scholarship on diversity management in the hospitality and tourism literature.