Abstract The authors compare the performance of broadband radiometers with spectrally dispersed measurements. Spectrally dispersed radiometers may be more accurately calibrated than is possible with broadband filter instruments. They also have a larger information content than have filter measurements. Accuracy and information content are two important requirements for climate observations.


Combining Jiao's Scalp Acupuncture with Xiangshao granules had significantly better efficacy on chronic tension-type headache with concomitant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease compared with simple acupuncture and medication. Abstract Objective This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Jiao's scalp acupuncture in combination with Xiangshao granules on chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) with concomitant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in climacteric women. Methods In this study, we enrolled 150 climacteric women with CTTH and concomitant NAFLD. The participants were divided into three groups based on the random number table: medication group, acupuncture group, and acupuncture-medication group. Treatment continued for 2 months. The efficacy of CTTH was assessed based on the visual analog scale/score (VAS). The influence on NAFLD was assessed based on body mass index (BMI), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and the ratio of hepatic-splenic computed tomography (CT) value. The Participant Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score was compared among the three groups. Results A total of 123 participants completed the trial, including 37 participants in the medication group, 41 participants in the acupuncture group, and 45 participants in the acupuncture-medication group. Results are summarized hereinafter. (1) The total clinical efficiency rates of the medication group, acupuncture group, and acupuncture-medication group were 89.19% (33 of 37), 90.24% (37 of 41), and 95.65% (44 of 46), respectively. (2) Except for the BMI of the medication group (P = 0.063), a significant difference in VAS, BMI, CAP, the ratio of hepatic-splenic CT value, and PHQ-9 score was found in the three groups (P < 0.01). (3) There was a significant difference in VAS, BMI, CAP, and PHQ-9 among the three groups (P < 0.01), with those in the acupuncture-medication group being superior. No difference in the ratio of hepatic-splenic CT value was found (P = 0.440). (4) The efficacy differed significantly among the three groups (χ2 = 8.130, P = 0.017), and it was significantly superior in the acupuncture-medication group (P = 0.008, P = 0.013). Conclusions Jiao's scalp acupuncture, in combination with Xiangshao granules, was superior in treating CTTH in climacteric women compared with either acupuncture or medication. Jiao's scalp acupuncture, in combination with Xiangshao granules, was superior in subsiding the negative moods in participants with CTTH and concomitant NAFLD.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of combination anthracycline-based immunochemotherapy in intravascular lymphoma (IVL). This is an extremely rare, disseminated, and aggressive extranodal CD20(+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with poor outcome following anthracycline-based chemotherapy. From a population of 700 newly diagnosed patients with NHL who were registered and followed up at our unit between 1990 and 2005, three cases (0.4%) have been classified as IVL. Among the patients, there were two men and one woman, with a median age of 52 years. We have assessed the clinicopathological characteristics, response to therapy, and outcome. All patients presented with systemic symptoms and disseminated disease. All patients received anthracycline-based chemotherapy in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (immunochemotherapy). Complete remission was achieved in all three patients, and currently all remain progression free with a follow-up of 24-45 months. In conclusion, anthracycline-based immunochemotherapy induces durable remissions in patients with IVL, an ultimately fatal disease, suggesting that the clinical course of this disease may be altered with immunochemotherapy.


Testis extract (ET) of several animals such as rats, mice, boars, and bulls, has been reported able to suppress lymphocyte proliferation. In order to elucidate if ET of bali cattle has the suppressive activity, the present study was conducted. ET was isolated aseptically from the testis of bali cattle slaughtered at a slaughter house in Mataram, Lombok. After decapsulating, the testis were minced, homogenized (1 g tissue per 3 ml phosphate buffered saline, PBS, pH 7.2). The ET (40, 20, and 10 μ g/ml) was added on to lymphocytes isolated from Balb/c spleen, then cultured for 72 hours in RPMI media containing 10% foetal bovine serum in 96 well plates with the concentration of 250,000 cells per well, with- or without concanavalin A (10 μ g/ml), or IL-2 (0.2 ng/ml). After 72 h of culture, cell proliferation was examined by colorimetric assay. The results showed that bali cattle ET were able to suppress the proliferation of lymphocytes in vitro through the process of apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that bali cattle ET contain TGF- β 1. The suppression effects of the ET were eliminated by anti-TGF- β 1 antibody. It can be concluded that ET of bali cattle expressed TGF- β which inhibited lymphocyte proliferation through an apoptotic cell mechanism. The actual roles of TGF- β in the bali cattle testis need to be elucidated further.


A total of 580 yeasts strains, isolated from Ceara State of Brasil, were evaluated for their ability to produce killer toxin. Of these strains, 29 tested positive for the killer phenotype and were further evaluated for their ability to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides germination in vitro. All yeast strains that expressed the killer phenotype were characterized by sequencing the D1/D2 regions of the large subunit of the rRNA gene. Five yeast strains provided a significant reduction in mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. gloeosporioides in vitro, especially Meyerozyma guilliermondii, which was able to reduce the fungal mycelial growth on solid medium (potato dextrose agar (PDA)) by 60% and block 100% of conidia germination in liquid media (potato dextrose broth (PDB)). Filtering and autoclaving the liquid cultures had no effect on the growth of the pathogen. These results indicate the potential use of antagonist yeasts isolated from tropical fruits in the control of anthracnose caused by C. gloeosporioides in papaya. Further elucidation of main mechanisms involved on anthracnose control by these yeasts could be helpful for the development of biocontrol techniques related to the management of this disease in tropical fruits.


Background Osteoporosis (OP) treatments are given for a limited period of time because of a risk/benefice balance. Reversibility of OP treatment is observed by the measurements of bone markers turnover (BMTs) and bone mineral density (BMD). The effect on vertebral fracture (VFx) is difficult to evaluate. The OP treatment discontinuation is associated with an increase of BMTs and a more or less rapid decrease of BMD. Denosumab (Dmab) discontinuation is associated with a severe rebound effect on BTMs and BMD for near 24 months. A recent publication suggests an increase of VFx [1]. Methods We report the cases of 8 postmenopausal women. They received Dmab 60mg every 6 months for 2 to 8 doses. The 8 women were on calcium and vitamin D. A wide biological assessment excluded a secondary cause of OP. VFx were documented by MRI. Results Five OP women without any prior fragility fracture were treated every 6 months with 4 to 6 Dmab doses. Dmab was stopped because there was no more OP on BMD (3 women 55, 56 and 59 y old), the aromatase inhibitors were stopped (77y old) and according to the wish of the patient (77y old). 9 to 16 months after Dmab discontinuation, they presented respectively 5 (D11, D12, L2-L4), 7 (D9, D12-L5), 2 (D11 and D12), 3 (D12-L2) and 9 (D5-D9 and D11-L2) symptomatic spontaneous (SS) VFx. A 65 y old woman with osteoporosis and 3 prevalent VFx was treated every 6 months with 8 Dmab doses. Ten months after Dmab discontinuation she presented 2 SSVFx (D12, L3). These 62 y old woman (osteopenia, treated with aromatase inhibitors) received 2 Dmab doses every 6 months. The subsequent Dmab dose was forgotten. Twelve months after the last Dmab dose she presented a D10 SSFx. A 71 y old woman (one prevalent VFx and one hip fracture) received 2 Dmab doses with a delay of 11 months because of a lack of compliance. Eleven months after the last Dmab dose she presented 5 SSVFx (D12, L2-L5). Conclusions These 8 cases show a severe increased risk of vertebral fractures in the 9 to 16 months after the last injection of Dmab. The occurrence of these fractures can be explained by the severe rebound effect observed after denosumab discontinuation. It is urgent to: 1) inform the health authorities and patients of this risk; 2) determine treatment regimens before or at the time of denosumab discontinuation. References Aubry-Rozier B, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Stoll D, Lamy O. Severe vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation: 3 cases reports. Osteoporos Int. 2015 Oct 28. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Energy consumption is an important performance parameter for portable and wireless embedded systems. However, energy consumption must be carefully balanced with real-time responsiveness in hard real-time systems. In this paper, we present two offline dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) schemes for dynamic power management in such systems. In the first method, we develop a generalized network flow (GNF) model for the uniprocessor DVS problem and solve it optimally using an efficient network flow algorithm. The proposed method outperforms existing DVS schemes for several popular embedded processors where the number of processor speeds is limited to a few values. The solutions for the GNF model provide theoretical lower bounds on energy consumption using DVS in hard real-time systems. We also describe a minimum-cost network flow model whose solutions are near-optimal. The minimum-cost models perform at par with competing methods for processor models with a large range of operating voltages, and better than them for processor models with a limited set of operating voltages.


The information technology has applied in almost every industries such as banking, retail, transportation, public safety/law enforcement, and education. Biometric technology is used for access control, criminal verification, credit card and passport authentication and also let be getting more and more popular. A perfect identification system has not been discovered yet due to an unexpected variety of changes when a biometric is sensed. This technique has been employed such as Fingerprint, 2D/3D Barcode, RFID for personal identification or verifications since a century ago. In the past, its normal technique is limited on wiring process, not many research has intent to play as wireless application. This paper will be present the way to implement of an automated identification system with integrated transceiver function in type of remote sensing as the wireless multi devices in difference range and distance, which have been achieved the multi signals as input, then to monitoring as classification using artificial intelligent based on Neural Network by emphasis Radial Basis Function methodology to identify and classify the security information by using the various minutiae extracted from the multi signals. The classification conclusion has summary details of these identification paradigms as concept technique in this paper.


Directions of magnetization have been measured in dykes and gneisses of the Central Zone of the mainland Lewisian and in the Laxford granite sheets. Nine Scourie dykes from an area around Lochinver have yielded closely grouped directions of magnetization giving a mean palaeomagnetic pole at 37.3°N, 274.8°E (dp = 6.9°, dm = 9.6°). The direction for a Scourian granulite falls very close to the mean for the dykes, A regional difference in magnetic stability has been discovered and this, together with evidence concerning variations in the opaque minerals, has formed the basis of an interpretation in terms of metamorphic history. Stable magnetization was probably imposed in the late Laxfordian metamorphism at about 1800 Ma. Upon closure of the Atlantic Ocean there is good agreement with North American apparent polar wander paths.


The purpose of this article is to unravel the root causes of the problem transmition of learning taḥfīẓ Al-Qur'ān through the sanad system at Iqra Global Academy for Qur'anic Studies in Kingdom of Saudi Arabiyah  and Mahad Imam Al-Bukhariy Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar. Both institutions have similarities in applying the study of classical books that are sanad, only Mahad Imam Al-Bukhariy does not apply the system of sanad taḥfīẓ Al-Qur'ān with other riwāyah such as riwāyah Qālūn 'an Nāfi'. Mahad Imam Al-Bukhariy Wahdah Islamiyah Makassar and Iqra Global Academy for Qur'anic Studies in Kingdom of Saudi Arabiyah has a paradigm that the function of sanad can maintain knowledge, authority and legitimacy. Both boards want to produce many sanad ḥuffāẓ who apply Islamic values such as obedience to the rules of Allah, honesty, trust, discipline, fairness, sincerity, and responsibility. The teaching and learning process of tafīẓ Al-Qur'ān with the sanad system has a tendency to transmit original Islamic values that have been passed down from generation to generation.


Non‐inferiority (NI) trials are becoming increasingly popular. The main purpose of NI trials is to assert the efficacy of a new treatment compared with an active control by demonstrating that the new treatment maintains a substantial fraction of the treatment effect of the control. Most of the statistical testing procedures in this area have been developed for three‐arm NI trials in which a new treatment is compared with an active control in the presence of a placebo. However, NI trials frequently involve comparisons of several new treatments with a control, such as in studies involving different doses of a new drug or different combinations of several new drugs. In seeking an adequate testing procedure for such cases, we use a new approach that modifies existing testing procedures to cover circumstances in which several new treatments are present. We also give methods and algorithms to produce the optimal sample size configuration. In addition, we also discuss the advantages of using different margins for the assay sensitivity test between the active control and the placebo and the NI test between the new treatments and the active control. We illustrate the new approach by using data from a clinical trial. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, exerts broad effects on consciousness and perception. Since NMDA receptor antagonists induce cognitive impairments, ketamine has been used for translational research on several psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia. Whereas the effects of ketamine on cognitive functions have been extensively studied, studies on the effects of ketamine on simple sensory information processing remain limited. In this study, we investigated the cortex-wide effects of ketamine administration on auditory information processing in nonhuman primates using whole-cortical electrocorticography (ECoG). We first recorded ECoG from awake monkeys on presenting auditory stimuli of different frequencies or different durations. We observed auditory evoked responses (AERs) across the cortex, including in frontal, parietal, and temporal areas, while feature-specific responses were obtained around the temporal sulcus. Next, we examined the effects of ketamine on cortical auditory information processing. We conducted ECoG recordings from monkeys that had been administered anesthetic doses of ketamine from 10 to 180 min following administration. We observed significant changes in stimulus feature-specific responses. Electrodes showing a frequency preference or offset responses were altered following ketamine administration, while those of the AERs were not strongly influenced. However, the frequency preference of a selected electrode was not significantly altered by ketamine administration over time following administration, while the imbalances in the onset and offset persisted over the course of 150 min following ketamine administration in all three monkeys. These results suggest that ketamine affects the ability to distinguish between sound frequency and duration in different ways. In conclusion, future research on the NMDA sensitivity of cortical wide sensory information processing may provide a new perspective into the development of nonhuman primate models of psychiatric disorders.


[EN] This study defines and proposes a measurement scale for social entrepreneurship (SE) in its broadest sense. The broad definition of SE covers for-profit firms that use social aims as a core component of their strategy. By pursuing social aims, these firms can boost the value of their products or services for consumers or exploit new business areas. Under this broad definition of SE, profit-seeking and the pursuit of social aims converge, thereby revealing a form of SE that has received little attention in either theoretical or empirical research. To fill this research gap, the present study proposes a measurement scale to measure broad SE in firms. The process used to build the scale draws upon research by Churchill (1979) and DeVellis (1991) and combines the Delphi technique, a pre-test questionnaire and structural equation modelling. The main aim of this research is to develop a scale capable of measuring broad SE in firms. The theoretical basis for the scale is supported by an empirical study in the hotel sector. The scale provides a valid, reliable instrument for measuring broad SE in firms. The scale meets all sociometric properties required of measurement scales in the social sciences, namely dimensionality, reliability and validity.


Lack of an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol is a limitingfactor for application of genetic engineering approaches for improvement of chickpea. Although regeneration and genetic transformation system has been optimized in few desi genotypes, there is an urgent need to optimize the regeneration and transformation system in kabuli types as well. Four genotypes of chickpeas (two kabuli and two desi) were screened for shoot induction and multiplication. Genotype L550, which produced highly embryogenic, rapidly growing good-quality shoots capable of regenerating at a high frequency, was selected for transformation experiments. Using a binary vector (pBinAr), frequency of GUS expression was studied. Bombardmentof embryonic axes with gold particles coated with pBinAr at a distance of 9 cm, pressure of 1300psi, and vacuum of 27mm Hg passing through 100μm mesh produced higher transformation frequency. The stable GUS-expressing embryonic axes were multiplied during selection on MS medium containing 50 mg/l kanamycin, incubated at 16/8hr light/dark. Several transformed plants with very strong GUS expression were recovered using the particle gun mediated method. Transformed shoots were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction and Dot blot analysis. These results demonstrated that Cicer arietinum is amenable to particle gun mediated genetic transformation using a binary vector.


Eculizumab, marketed as 'Soliris' by Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., is a humanised, Fc-engineered (low effector function), IgG2/4 hybrid monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of human complement factor C5. This activity enables eculizumab to potently suppress the pro-inflammatory and cytolytic effects of the terminal complement system, which are key factors in the pathology of the rare haemolytic disease paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). This antibody therapeutic has become an important example of a potential therapeutic molecule that was originally developed for a series of common inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, etc.), but was repurposed with great success to become a first-in-class complement inhibitor in the rare disease space.


Suomi NPP has been successfully operating since its launch on 28 October 2011. As one of the major payloads, along with microwave and infrared sounders (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)), and ozone mapping/profiling (OMPS) instruments, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) has performed for well beyond its mission design life. Its data have been used for a variety of applications for nearly 30 environmental data products, including global imagery twice daily with 375 and 750 m resolutions, clouds, aerosol, cryosphere, ocean color and sea-surface temperature, a number of land products (vegetation, land-cover, fire and others), and geophysical and social economic studies with nightlights. During the early days of VIIRS operational calibration and data production, there were inconsistencies in both algorithms and calibration inputs, for several reasons. While these inconsistencies have less impact on nowcasting and near real-time applications, they introduce challenges for time series analysis due to calibration artifacts. To address this issue, we developed a comprehensive algorithm, and recalibrated and reprocessed the Suomi NPP VIIRS radiometric data that have been produced since the launch. In the recalibration, we resolved inconsistencies in the processing algorithms, terrain correction, straylight correction, and anomalies in the thermal bands. To improve the stability of the reflective solar bands, we developed a Kalman filtering model to incorporate onboard solar, lunar, desert site, inter-satellite calibration, and a deep convective cloud calibration methodology. We further developed and implemented the Solar Diffuser Surface Roughness Rayleigh Scattering model to account for the sensor responsivity degradation in the near infrared bands. The recalibrated dataset was validated using vicarious sites and alternative methods, and compared with independent processing from other organizations. The recalibrated radiometric dataset (namely, the level 1b or sensor data records) also incorporates a bias correction for the reflective solar bands, which not only addresses known calibration biases, but also allows alternative calibrations to be applied if so desired. The recalibrated data have been proven to be of high quality, with much improved stability (better than 0.3%) and accuracy (by up to 2%). The recalibrated radiance data are now available from 2012 to 2020 for users and will eventually be archived on the NOAA CLASS database.


Over the last few years, a growing interest has surfaced about the possibility of enhancing solar harvester efficiency by coupling photovoltaic (PV) cells with thermoelectric generators (TEGs). To be effective solutions, hybrid thermoelectric-photovoltaic (HTEPV) solar harvesters must not only increase the solar conversion efficiency but should also be economically competitive. The aim of this paper is to estimate the profitability of HTEPV solar harvesters with no reference to specific materials, relating it instead to their physical properties only and thus providing a tool to address research effort toward classes of HTEPV systems able to compete with current PV technologies. An economic convenience index is defined and used to assess the economic sustainability of hybridization. It is found that, although hybridization often leads to enhanced solar power conversion, power costs (USD/W) may not always justify HTEPV deployment at the current stage of technology. An analysis of the cost structure shows that profitability requires largely enhanced thermoelectric stages, concentrated solar cells, or PV materials with favorable temperature efficiency coefficients, such as perovskite solar cells.


Objective
To investigate the biomechanical mechanism and report preliminary clinical efficacy of eccentric rotational acetabular osteotomy (ERAO) when conduct treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods
Biome-chanical model of the hip joint was established on six female cadaveric hips embalmed by formalin and stimulate ERAO was then performed on the model. Vertical force was loaded on the cadaveric spine from 0 N to 500 N and strain value on femoral head was measured preoperatively and postoperatively when loading force on spine reached the point of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 N. Stress value were then calculated base on the measurements. Besides, we reported postoperative follow-up cases which were underwent ERAO to treat DDH in our hospital from July 2007 to October 2014. A total of 25 patients (26 hips) were reported, including 6 males and 19 females. Age varies from 11 to 57 years old, and the average age was 31 years old. Postoperative hip function was evaluated by Harris hip score and anteroposterior X-ray of pelvic was taken preoperatively and postoperatively to measure the acetabular-head index (AHI), CE angle and sharp angle.

Results
Preoperative stress increased when loaded on spine became larger, but postoperative stress changed its increasing trend into decreasing when the load was greater than 300 N (turning point), which showed a parabolic trend. Compared with the preoperative stress under different load varying from 100 N to 500 N, postoperative stress was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, by the end of follow-up period, 18 patients (19 hips) were followed form 7 to 85 months. The average follow-up time was 40 months and the follow-up rate was 72%. Harris hip score improved from preoperative 64.3±7.2 points to 85.6±5.3 points; postoperative AHI increased an average of 36.5%, CE angle increased an average of 33.1° and sharp angle reduced an average of 12.3°. All differences between preand post-operative indexes were statistically significant.

Conclusion
ERAO has the ability to correct the deformity of acetabulum. It enlarges the acetabular coverage of the femoral head and thus reduces the pressure of weight-bearing area.

Key words:
Hip dislocation, congenital; Osteotomy; Acetabulum; Biomechanics


BACKGROUND
During its use in pain management the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices are capable of registering the course of treatment at patient request, the condition of drug delivery and total amount of drug being given. The patients could determine the need of medication to their own satisfaction while forced treatment by the bias of the health care personnel is avoided and the safety of patients is further warranted. In pain relief with this device, the number of requests for analgesia and the dose of analgesic used can be easily measured. Therefore, it is more objective to compare the pain intensity among different types of operation when PCA device is used. Using PCA morphine consumption as a parameter, we attempted to elucidate the difference of intensity of pain associated with total hip and total knee replacements by comparing their morphine requirement.

METHODS
In this prospective cohort study, 50 patients who underwent either total hip replacement (THR, n = 24) or total knee replacement (TKR, n = 26) were enrolled. After recovery from general anesthesia when the patients first complained intense pain in the recovery room, morphine was given intravenously in titration with a calculated loading dose in 30 min to achieve an acceptable analgesia (VAS < or = 3) followed by morphine PCA at 1 mg bolus with a lockout interval of 6 min. The patients were then followed for 48 h. During and at the end of the course the data relevant to pain score, total dose, demand, delivery, and adverse effects were recorded for assessment.

RESULTS
With the use of PCA, the pain scores were similar in both surgical groups in the 48 h observation. Total consumption of morphine in THR was 13.2 +/- 8.1 mg as against 19.7 +/- 5.7 mg in TKR in postoperative day 1 and 25.2 +/- 12.7 mg as against 34.1 +/- 13.9 mg in postoperative day 2 (P < 0.05, t-test). Demand/delivery ratio was not statistically significant between the 2 groups at 24 and 48 h (t-test). Minor adverse effects were seen in both groups but the differences were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS
Using PCA morphine consumption as parameter, we can distinguish the magnitude of pain intensity between 2 major orthopedic surgeries. The deeper and more extensive operation would in total hip replacement does not mean that it is a more painful procedure than total knee replacement. Several speculations are proposed.


A wide class of multichannel queueing models appears to be useful in practice where the input stream of customers can be controlled at the moments preceding the customers' departures from the source (e.g. airports, transportation systems, inventories, tandem queues). In addition, the servicing facility can govern the intensity of the servicing process that further improves flexibility of the system. In such a multichannel queue with infinite waiting room the queueing process {Zt ; t ≧ 0} is under investigation. The author obtains explicit formulas for the limiting distribution of (Zt ) partly using an approach developed in previous work and based on the theory of semi-regenerative processes. Among other results the limiting distributions of the actual and virtual waiting time are derived. The input stream (which is not recurrent) is investigated, and distribution of the residual time from t to the next arrival is obtained. The author also treats a Markov chain embedded in (Zt ) and gives a necessary and sufficient condition for its existence. Under this condition the invariant probability measure is derived.


The end of the Second World War initiated a new stage in the Polish history, as number of social, economic and political problems determined the educational issues in the country. After 1945 the political map of Poland also changed, as the pervious eastern outskirts of Polish territory had been incorporated to USSR, whereas the new, northern and southern lands, became the territories where the Polish societies were forced to make the effort to build up the social and cultural life from the scratch. Establishing education in Lower Silesia concerned the social changes (the settlement), material resources of the schools and the qualifications of the teaching staff. These were, in turn, affected by the educational policy of the party, accomplished by the Ministry of Education, as well as by the local communities that, at the verge of 1947 and 1948, still had a significant influence on the works of "their school".


No COMPREHENSIVE RECENT STATISTICS are available but it is still probably true, as it was in 1934, that there are more Latin students than ever before and that Latin is the leading foreign language in high school. A few detailed indications may not be without interest. In Washington, D. C., the percentage of increase of Latin pupils was higher than that of the highschool population every year between 1936 and 1940 (36). Flickinger (23) reported that between 1938 and 1939 there was little change in the total Latin enrolment in New York City schools but he failed to indicate that his report covered senior high schools only (21). It decreased a little in 1940 (22, 24). In New York City, contrary to the situation in the country as a whole, Latin is a low third after French and Spanish. In Kansas the situation is reversed (29): in 1939-40 there were over twice as many Latin pupils as those in all other languages combined. Bement (6) reported that in 1939-40, 49 percent of 533 accredited secondary schools in Michigan taught Latin only, 30 percent taught Latin and French. Here, as elsewhere, the usual course is one or two years.


We use the nonequilibrium Green function method in the ballistic limit to provide a quantitative description of the conductance of graphene p-n junctions - an important building block for graphene electronics devices. In this paper, recent experiments on graphene junctions are explained by a ballistic transport model, but only if the finite junction transition width D w is accounted for. In particular, the experimentally observed anomalous increase in the resistance asymmetry between n-n and n-p junctions under low source/drain charge density conditions is also quantitatively captured by our model. In light of the requirement for sharp junctions in applications such as electron focusing, we also examine the p-n junction conductance in the regime where D w is small and find that wave-function mismatch (so-called pseudospin) plays a major role in sharp p-n junctions.


Purpose
A recently published study showed a 41% prevalence of mild intellectual disability (MID) and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) in a large sample of Dutch psychiatric patients. This study aims to examine if the outcomes of the Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL) were affected by the severity of psychiatric symptoms during admission.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors administered the SCIL and the Kennedy Axis V (domain psychological impairment) at two moments when patients were sufficiently stabilised and just before discharge.

Findings
A total of 86% of the respondents had the same outcome regardless of the time of administration. The Kennedy score correlated modestly with changes in the SCIL scores, suggesting that the severity of psychiatric symptoms just modestly affected the performance.

Practical implications
Recognising MID/BIF in mental health care is essential but challenging for clinicians. The authors concluded that screening with the SCIL allows clinicians to identify patients with MID/BIF at an early stage of their admission, which helps to individualise treatment and reduce the risk of aggression, coercive measures and prolonged admissions. However, the authors prefer to assess all patients on cognitive impairment as early as possible after referral at a more stable moment in time.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no research concerning screening instruments on MID/BIF used at admission wards in Mental Health Care.


A 52-year-old male was admitted to the Department of General Thoracic Surgery with a right-side localized pyopneumothorax that showed no improvement after conservative treatment. Open-window thoracostomy was created due to the presence of bronchopleural fistula. The capacity of the cavity was 600 ml. On the 11th postoperative day, a spontaneous closure of the bronchopleural fistula occurred. Later, a vacuum-assisted device was used for the residual empyema cavity treatment. It was used for 15 days, sponges were changed every 5 days. The residual cavity reduced in size six times (till 100 ml). The patient was discharged for a daily dressing changing at the outpatient department. After two months the patient was ready for a radical closure of open-window thoracostomy. The postoperative period was uneventful. The case shows that the vacuum-assisted closure therapy can be safely used in open-window thoracostomy after pleural empyema. This method reduces the duration of open-window thoracostomy and accelerates surgical closure.


To help modern manufacturing systems meet the immediate demands of control and function, dynamic control cell structure is proposed based on automata and RW theory. This control structure not only can meet these demands but also can achieve the fast dynamic reorganization. The control structure is used to construct a complicated system from the bottom-up by definite rules which ensure its controlled characteristics. This avoids the difficulties of characteristics analysis from the top-down and forms a set of ways to construct the man-made complicated system. The paper discusses a finite state machine model and supervisory proof of the dynamic control cell structure followed by the extending of the structure. Finally, the tile manufacturing process is used as a hybrid system prototype to realize successfully not only the high-level supervisor of the discrete events dynamic system, but also the real-time supervisor of the running states of the floor equipment by MATLAB software. The feasibility of the new theoretical approach is verified by the simulation results


In this paper, we propose an application provision framework for SoD (System on-Demand) service, which is adaptive to a mobile client. In our approach, applications within the user's virtual machine can be provided to the user's mobile client in the form of a mobile application of the mobile client. The user interface and display size of the application are converted as appropriated to the mobile client. This paper describes which components and structure of the framework are needed.


As ocean acidification (OA) sensor technology develops and improves, in situ deployment of such sensors is becoming more widespread. However, the scientific value of these data depends on the development and application of best practices for calibration, validation, and quality assurance as well as on further development and optimization of the measurement technologies themselves. Here, we summarize the results of a two-day workshop on OA sensor best practices held in February 2018, in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, drawing on the collective experience and perspectives of the participants. The workshop on In Situ Sensors for Ocean Acidification Research was organized around three basic questions: 1) What are the factors limiting the precision, accuracy and reliability of sensor data? 2) What can we do to facilitate the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) process and optimize the utility of these data? and 3) What sort of data or metadata are needed for these data to be most useful to future users? A synthesis of the discussion of these questions among workshop participants and conclusions drawn is presented in this paper.


Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.


The late Count Basie is one of the jazz immortals. The master of swing, whose beat was the subtlest and supplest of all the bandleaders, Basie featured some of the great soloists in jazz history while he sat unobtrusively at the piano, keeping time with his unmatched rhythm section, showing off the surging power of his brass players, and commenting wittily with a single chord or phrase. A man and musician of reserve and modesty, Basie nonetheless will always be a landmark for his won achievements and for the jazz musicians who passed through his band. In this sociable and pioneering oral history of Basie and his band, Stanley Dance talks with the Count himself, Jimmy Rushing, Buddy Tate, Buck Clayton, Joe Williams, Jay McShann, Jo Jones, Dicky Wells, Lester Young, and a dozen others, who reminisce about each other, Kansas City jazz, and their legendary peers Billie Holiday and Charlie Parker. With a rich flow of anecdote, opinion, and biographical information--and with striking photographs--this history both documents and assesses the legacy of Basie for American music.


Breast cancer cells exhibit excessive proteolysis, which is responsible for extensive extracellular matrix degradation, invasion and metastasis. Besides other proteases, lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B has been implicated in these processes and the impairment of its intracellular activity was suggested to reduce harmful proteolysis and hence diminish progression of breast tumors. Here, we present an effective system composed of poly(d,l‐lactide‐coglycolide) nanoparticles, a specific anti‐cytokeratin monoclonal IgG and cystatin, a potent protease inhibitor, that can neutralize the excessive intracellular proteolytic activity as well as invasive potential of breast tumor cells. The delivery system distinguishes between breast and other cells due to the monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing cytokeratines on the membrane of breast tumor cells. Bound nanoparticles are rapidly internalized by means of endocytosis releasing the inhibitor cargo within the lysosomes. This enables intracellular cathepsin B proteolytic activity to be inhibited, reducing the invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells without affecting proteolytic functions in normal cells and processes. This approach may be applied for treatment of breast and other tumors in which intracellular proteolytic activity is a part of the process of malignant progression.


The physical phenomena occurring in sound-absorbing and insulating enclosures are subject of the present paper. These phenomena are: absorption in air and by the sound-absorbing material covering the walls and the coincidence effect. The absorption in the air can be neglected in small size enclosures for low ultrasonic frequencies (20-30 kHz). The coincidence plays a role in decrease of the sound insulation, however the main role play the leaks. The boards made of ceramic fibers have been chosen as the optimal sound-absorbing material. They are dense and have deeply porous structures. The enclosure for insulation of 20-kHz noise produced by a welding machine has been designed and manufactured, and reductions of 25 dB of peak and Leq levels have been achieved.


In this work, MgB(2) whiskers were fabricated on a copper substrate by using the hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition, which was one of the most effective ways to make high quality pure MgB(2) films, with the possible growth mechanism discussed. The whiskers are hexagonal and conelike and grow along the [0001] direction with a single-crystal structure. The onset transition temperature is approximately 39 K, which is among the best in the published nanostructure MgB(2) papers. Fabrication of nanoscale MgB(2) whiskers provides the fundamental understanding of the effect of dimensionality and size on superconductivity.


BACKGROUND
Interest in combining local and general anaesthesia has lead to studies investigating possible interactions. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we tested whether local anaesthetics administered i.m. potentiate the hypnotic effect of propofol.

METHODS
Sixty patients (three groups, n=20) undergoing lower abdominal surgery with total i.v. propofol anaesthesia were investigated. Patients in Group B received i.m. bupivacaine (5 mg ml(-1)) 1 mg kg(-1), patients in Group L received i.m. lidocaine (100 mg ml(-1)) 2 mg kg(-1) and patients in Group C received i.m. saline 5 ml before operation. Hypnosis was measured with bispectral index (BIS).

RESULTS
The induction (BIS <45), and the maintenance doses of propofol (BIS between 40 and 50) were significantly less in Group B and Group L compared with the control group. Induction doses were 1.58 (SD 0.39), 1.56 (0.24) and 2.03 (0.33) mg kg(-1) respectively; P<0.0001. Maintenance doses were 6.33 (2.06), 7.08 (1.23) and 9.95 (2.02) mg kg(-1) respectively in the first hour; P<0.0001. Groups B and L were associated with an attenuated haemodynamic response to both induction and intubation.

CONCLUSION
I.M. administered local anaesthetics are associated with a decrease in both the induction and maintenance doses of propofol during total i.v. anaesthesia and a reduction in haemodynamic responses.


Aogacillins A and B, capable of overcoming arbekacin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), were isolated from a culture broth of Simplicillium sp. FKI-5985. Their structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic studies and ECD analyses. The aogacillins possessed a novel carbon skeleton, including a β-keto-γ-methyliden-δ-lactone ring connected to a 2-ethyl-6-methylcyclohexane ring by spiro conjugation.


An atlas-based segmentation approach is presented that combines low-level operations, an affine probabilistic atlas, and a multiatlas-based segmentation. The proposed combination provides highly accurate segmentation due to registrations and atlas selections based on the regions of interest (ROIs) and coarse segmentations. Our approach shares the following common elements between the probabilistic atlas and multiatlas segmentation: (a) the spatial normalisation and (b) the segmentation method, which is based on minimising a discrete energy function using graph cuts. The method is evaluated for the segmentation of the liver in computed tomography (CT) images. Low-level operations define a ROI around the liver from an abdominal CT. We generate a probabilistic atlas using an affine registration based on geometry moments from manually labelled data. Next, a coarse segmentation of the liver is obtained from the probabilistic atlas with low computational effort. Then, a multiatlas segmentation approach improves the accuracy of the segmentation. Both the atlas selections and the nonrigid registrations of the multiatlas approach use a binary mask defined by coarse segmentation. We experimentally demonstrate that this approach performs better than atlas selections and nonrigid registrations in the entire ROI. The segmentation results are comparable to those obtained by human experts and to other recently published results.


Obstacle avoidance is an important task in the field of robotics, since the goal of autonomous robot is to reach the destination without collision. Several algorithms have been proposed for obstacle avoidance, having drawbacks and benefits. In this survey paper, we mainly discussed different algorithms for robot navigation with obstacle avoidance. We also compared all provided algorithms and mentioned their characteristics; advantages and disadvantages, so that we can select final efficient algorithm by fusing discussed algorithms. Comparison table is provided for justifying the area of interest


Abstract The occurrence of a large digenean, Otodistomum plunketi, in 8 rajid host species from the Falkland Islands was investigated. All infected hosts are new host records for O. plunketi. The parasites were in the abdominal cavity except in 1 individual host, which harbored some trematodes within the pericardium. The prevalence and mean intensity of O. plunketi in all hosts examined were 31% and 1.95, respectively. Bathyraja multispinis had the greatest infection rate, with a prevalence of 100%, a mean intensity of 50.4, and a range of 8–136 parasites. Bathyraja scaphiops and Raja doellojuradoi were not infected. For Bathyraja albomaculata, a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) was found between mean abundance and total length. For the remaining hosts, no relationship was found between intrinsic host factors and infection. Thirty small crabs, Peltarion spinosulum, a major prey item for B. multispinis and B. albomaculata, were examined for O. plunketi metacercariae but were not infected.


Self-adaptation allows software systems to autonomously adjust their behavior during run-time by handling all possible
operating states that violate the requirements of the managed system. This requires an adaptation engine that receives adaptation
requests during the monitoring process of the managed system and responds with an automated and appropriate adaptation
response. During the last decade, several engineering methods have been introduced to enable self-adaptation in software systems.
However, these methods lack addressing (1) run-time uncertainty that hinders the adaptation process and (2) the performance
impacts resulted from the complexity and the large number of the adaptation space. This paper presents CRATER, a framework
that builds an external adaptation engine for self-adaptive software systems. The adaptation engine, which is built on Case-based
Reasoning, handles the aforementioned challenges together. This paper is braced with an experiment illustrating the benefits of
this framework. The experimental results shows the potential of CRATER in terms handling run-time uncertainty and adaptation
remembrance that enhances the performance for large number of adaptation space.


The purpose of the project "Home is best" is to avoid having to take away children from their family and to bring back children who have already been taken away from their family. The Project offers parents a course, if they want to, in which a counsellor works intensively with the family in their own home for a period of 6 weeks. After one year, during which 65 families with 110 children had participated, the results obtained were as follows: 12% of the children came back to their homes. 15% of the children had not been taken away from their families. 79% of the children participated in the project as preventive arrangement. The project resulted in lowering the cost by approx 1.3 mill. Dkr.


Low retention of Indigenous peoples in all Australian universities has been identified as a problematic issue by the Australian Federal government. Griffith University (GU), Queensland, Australia, provided funding to examine the factors affecting Indigenous retention in higher education, with the aim of developing innovative participation and retention strategies specifically for Indigenous students. This paper focuses on research conducted within the Griffith School of Environment that questioned the possible links between the provision of information to commencing Indigenous students and their retention. It essentially examines to what extent current university structures support Indigenous enrolments and retention, via the information they receive upon enrolling. From interviews conducted in an informal discussion format with currently enrolled Indigenous students in the Griffith School of Environment, critical deficiencies were identified in the information Indigenous students receive during the early transition phase of university entrance. A key finding of this study, and which is the subject of current research, was the support amongst the students for the development of an Indigenised curriculum in science as a strategy for improving the attraction and retention of Indigenous students. This paper details the research project and its findings.


The diplomats, business men and publicists who were actively engaged in the penetration and exploitation of China during the latter part of the nineteenth century most frequently offered economic explanations for their actions. References to the commercial opportunities to be found in China appear with almost wearisome repetition in diplomatic correspondence, in treaties and conventions and in the press. Armed with a more complete knowledge of the situation, recent commentators upon European imperialism in China have been prone to discount this interest, and it is true that the China trade did receive notice that was out of proportion to its importance. However, the wisdom of hindsight may sometimes be misleading and unless we know the general opinion of the China market as it was expressed in the eighteen-eighties and eighteen-nineties the strong interest displayed both by governments and individuals in tapping that market is largely incomprehensible to us.


These days, the web has been coming to play various types of roles, so each site has been designed in a complex way to integrate as many roles as possible. Web authors tend to cram various functions and many links into one page to improve usability for sighted users. This authoring trend makes nonvisual Web access harder. To solve this problem, we decided to develop a system to transcode already-existing Web pages to be accessible, which works as an intermediary (proxy) between a Web server and a user. Our transcoding proxy consists of 5 modules using 3 kinds of annotations. The user interface of the system is characterized by three transcoding modes: simplification, full-text and original page. In this paper, we will describe an overview of our transcoding proxy as well as the user interface of the system.


In this paper we derive analytical expressions for the output current of an un-gated thermionic cathode RF gun in the presence of back-bombardment heating. We provide a brief overview of back-bombardment theory and discuss comparisons between the analytical back-bombardment predictions and simulation models. We then derive an expression for the output current as a function of the RF repetition rate and discuss relationships between back-bombardment, fieldenhancement, and output current. We discuss in detail the relevant approximations and then provide predictions about how the output current should vary as a function of repetition rate for some given system configurations.


Reproducing in vitro a model of the bone microenvironment is a current need. Preclinical in vitro screening, drug discovery, as well as pathophysiology studies may benefit from in vitro three-dimensional (3D) bone models, which permit high-throughput screening, low costs, and high reproducibility, overcoming the limitations of the conventional two-dimensional cell cultures. In order to obtain these models, 3D bioprinting offers new perspectives by allowing a combination of advanced techniques and inks. In this context, we propose the use of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, assimilated to the mineral component of bone, as a route to tune the printability and the characteristics of the scaffold and to guide cell behavior. To this aim, both stoichiometric and Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals are used, so as to obtain different particle shapes and solubility. Our findings show that the nanoparticles have the desired shape and composition and that they can be embedded in the inks without loss of cell viability. Both Sr-containing and stoichiometric hydroxyapatite crystals permit enhancing the printing fidelity of the scaffolds in a particle-dependent fashion and control the swelling behavior and ion release of the scaffolds. Once Saos-2 cells are encapsulated in the scaffolds, high cell viability is detected until late time points, with a good cellular distribution throughout the material. We also show that even minor modifications in the hydroxyapatite particle characteristics result in a significantly different behavior of the scaffolds. This indicates that the use of calcium phosphate nanocrystals and structural ion-substitution is a promising approach to tune the behavior of 3D bioprinted constructs.


Ski patrol report forms are a common data source in ski/snowboard research, but it is unclear if those who only present to the emergency department (ED) are systematically different from those who see the ski patrol. To determine the proportion and characteristics of injured snowboarders who bypass the ski patrol before presenting to the ED, three groups of injured snowboarders were compared: presented to the ED only, ski patrol only and ski patrol and ED. Data were collected from ski patrol Accident Report Forms (ARFs), ED medical records and telephone interviews. There were 333 injured snowboarders (ED only: 34, ski patrol only: 107, both: 192). Ability, time of day, snow conditions or drugs/alcohol predicted ED only presentation. Concussions (RRR: 4.66; 95% CI: 1.83, 11.90), sprains/strains (RRR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.87, 9.49), head/neck (RRR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.48, 5.78), trunk (RRR: 4.17; 95% CI: 1.92, 9.09) or lower extremity (RRR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.32, 10.07) injuries were significantly more likely to present to ski patrol only versus ski patrol and ED. In conclusion, snowboarders who presented to the ED only had similar injuries as those who presented to both.


ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the interday reproducibility, agreement and validity of the construct of short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 applied to adolescents. Methods The sample consisted of adolescents of both sexes, aged between 10 and 19 years, who were recruited from schools and sports centers. The validity of the construct was performed by exploratory factor analysis, and reliability was calculated for each construct using the intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and the minimum detectable change. Results The factor analysis combining the items corresponding to anxiety and stress in a single factor, and depression in a second factor, showed a better match of all 21 items, with higher factor loadings in their respective constructs. The reproducibility values for depression were intraclass correlation coefficient with 0.86, standard error of measurement with 0.80, and minimum detectable change with 2.22; and, for anxiety/stress: intraclass correlation coefficient with 0.82, standard error of measurement with 1.80, and minimum detectable change with 4.99. Conclusion The short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 showed excellent values of reliability, and strong internal consistency. The two-factor model with condensation of the constructs anxiety and stress in a single factor was the most acceptable for the adolescent population.


The Marcigliana Regional Natural Reserve was established in 1997 in the northern area of Rome district. It is 4,729 hectares wide and it is managed by the Regional Istitutio "Roma Natura" and the importance of the area, object of our study, is demonstrated by the specific richness and mainly by the percentage of Passerine/Non Passerine that show the great importance of mosaic agriculture areas for birds' conservation.


According to the actual need of monitoring and control of greenhouse environment parameters in rural areas, a master-slave distributed measurement and control system is designed, in which PC is taken as the host. The system consists of PC, soil moisture measurement and control module, temperature and humidity, and CO2 monitoring and control module. In the system, PC has large amount of data storage which is easy to make use of fuzzy control expert system, configuration software—KingView is used to develop software for PC, by which the development cycle is shorten and a friendly human-computer interaction is provided. Each monitoring and control module consists of STC12 series of microcontrollers, sensors, relays etc. Different modules are select based on the need of system to achieve control of greenhouse in partition and block.


A young patient a wearer of a copper IUD for about 18 months was hospitalized for bleeding and severe pain. Several tests were performed and a diagnosis of tubal pregnancy made. The patient underwent surgery for rupture of the left oviduct. Presence of corpus luteum was found in the right ovary. It is possible that the presence of the copper IUD helped in the formation of substances similar to prostaglandins which caused peristaltic contractions in the left oviduct.


We introduce the problem of performing set-difference range queries, where answers to queries are set-theoretic symmetric differences between sets of items in two geometric ranges. We describe a general framework for answering such queries based on a novel use of data-streaming sketches we call signed symmetric-difference sketches. We show that such sketches can be realized using invertible Bloom filters (IBFs), which can be composed, differenced, and searched so as to solve set-difference range queries in a wide range of scenarios.


Confused about renovating your space? Choosing the perfect color for your walls is always a challenging task. One does rounds of color consultation and several patch tests. This paper proposes an AI tool to pitch paint based on attributes of your room and other furniture, and visualize it on your walls. It makes the color selection process easy. It takes in images of a room, detects furniture objects using YOLO object detection. Once these objects have been detected, the tool picks out color of the object. Later this object specific information gets appended to the room attributes (room_type, room_size, preferred_tone, etc) and a deep neural net is trained to make predictions for color/texture/wallpaper for the walls. Finally, these predictions are visualized on the walls from the images provided. The idea is to take the knowledge of a color consultant and pitch colors that suit the walls and provide a good contrast with the furniture and harmonize with different colors in the room. Transfer learning for YOLO object detection from the COCO dataset was used as a starting point and the weights were later fine-tuned by training on additional images. The model was trained on 1000 records listing the room and furniture attributes, to predict colors. Given the room image, this method finds the best color scheme for the walls. These predictions are then visualized on the walls in the image using image segmentation. The results are visually appealing and automatically enhance the color look-and-feel.


This guide highlight key resources needed to complete assignments in PSY290 course across ASU, including online. Learn how to find peer-reviewed journal articles, cite materials using APA Style and more.


High-k metal gate stacks are being used to suppress the gate leakage due to tunneling for sub-45 nm technology nodes. The reliability of thin dielectric films becomes a limitation to device manufacturing, especially to the breakdown characteristic. In this work, a breakdown simulator based on a percolation model and the kinetic Monte Carlo method is set up, and the intrinsic relation between time to breakdown and trap generation rate R is studied by TDDB simulation. It is found that all degradation factors, such as trap generation rate time exponent m, Weibull slope β and percolation factor s, each could be expressed as a function of trap density time exponent α. Based on the percolation relation and power law lifetime projection, a temperature related trap generation model is proposed. The validity of this model is confirmed by comparing with experiment results. For other device and material conditions, the percolation relation provides a new way to study the relationship between trap generation and lifetime projection.


A balance between economic, social, and ecological performance has emerged as a key concern for organisations around the world. The modern era emphasises achieving eco‐friendly business outcomes to drive social needs along with higher financial performance. However, hybrid organisations in developing countries frequently progress in ecological and economic terms but struggle with social innovation. Based on this backdrop, this study aimed to investigate whether or not technological readiness, organisational learning, transformational leadership, and sustainability orientation influence social innovation within hybrid organisations. Data from 447 hybrid organisations in Ghana are used in the study. Study findings reveal that transformational leadership promotes social innovation among hybrid enterprises, while sustainability orientation decreases it significantly. Technology readiness also reduced the social outcome associated with sustainability orientation by moderating their negative effects. To maximise social innovation outcomes, this study recommends managers of hybrid organisations to adopt policies regarding the efficient use of internal resources and processes through technological readiness. Furthermore, the organisation's future learning processes, leadership structures, and sustainability orientation policies should be aligned with its social innovation goals.


Relationships between melt structure and redox equilibria of iron in CaO-AlrOr-SiOr-Fe-O and MgO-AlrOr-SiOr-Fe-O melts with CalAl and Mg/Al > 0.5 have been determined with M<issbauer spectroscopy at 1 atm pressure. These data and published phase equilibria in iron-free systems were used to calculate liquidus equilibria involving iron-bearing melts and iron-free minerals. Ferrous iron is a network modifler (probably in octahedral coordination) in all compositions studied. Ferric iron is tetrahedrally coordinated in melts with Fe3+pFe > 0.5, and undergoes a gradual coordination transformation in the Fe3*pFe range between 0.5 add 0.3. In this Fe3+pFe-range, tetrahedrallyand octahedrally-coordinated ferric iron may coexist. The temperature-dependence of the Mcissbauer hyperfine parameters and the temperatureindependence of the intensity ofthe absorption envelope are consistent with a local structural unit that may be stoichiometrically similar to Fe.On. The Fe2+/Fe3+ is linearly correlated with polymerization (nonbridging oxygens per tetrahedrally coordinated cations, NBOru) and Al/(Al + Si) of the melt. There are linear relationships between log (Fe2*7Fe3+) and log fo, and between log (Fe2+/Fe3*) and 1/T (absolute temperature). The standard-state free energy of reduction of ferric to ferrous iron, calculated from these lines, decreases with increasing Zlrz (ionization potential) of the alkaline earth metal cation, with decreasing bulk melt NBO/T (more polymerized melts) and with decreasing AV(AI + Si) of the melt. In magnesium aluminosilicate melts with NBO/[:0.6 and AV(AI + Si):0.2 (typical values for quartz tholeiite and basaltic andesite) with 10 wt.% iron oxide added as FerO, the liquidus phase is tridymite when equilibrated with air. Calculations indicate that at fo" between 10-2 and 10-3 atm the liquidus phase changes to protoenstatite, and then to forsterite at even lower oxygen fugacities. Substitution of Ca (or Na) for Mg results in expansion of the metasilicate (pyroxene) liquidus field and contraction of that of tridymite. Fractional crystallization trends of magmatic liquids are, therefore, significantly dependent on oxygen fugacity, degree of polymerization of the magma (NBOA), Al/(Al + Si) and the relative abundance of alkali metals and alkaline earths.


Student punishment has received increased scrutiny; one of the concerns is that not all students are punished equally. This paper presents findings of a study that investigated whether race, gender, or existence of student disability affected punishment practices in an eastern Kentucky school district. Since corporal punishment had been banned in the district, there was interest in the incidence and resolution of behavioral problems. Analysis of the records of 465 students who were suspended during the 1994-95 school year indicated that no suspensions were tabulated for minority students (one percent of student population) . Male adolescents developed more conduct problems than did females and younger students. Almost 20 percent of the suspensions were given to students categorized as disabled; disabled students composed 14 percent of the student body. Although the overall number of male suspensions increased by school level, the proportion of suspended males with disabilities tended to decrease as students moved from elementary school to the secondary level. It is recommended that the district explore conflict-resolution strategies that teach appropriate behavior. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. ********************************************************************* An Analysis of Disciplinary Suspensions Daniel Fasko, Jr. Deborah J. Grubb


We examined 524 patients with whiplash injuries for delayed onset of shoulder pain in order to establish whether this was due to impingement syndrome. A total of 476 patients (91%) responded to a questionnaire of which 102 (22%) were entered into the study; 43 had both a positive impingement sign and Neer test. The incidence of impingement-type pain was 9%. After treatment 23 patients (5%) had a significant improvement in their symptoms, ten (2%) had a moderate improvement and nine had no improvement. Impingement-type pain can occur after whiplash injuries and can be successfully treated.


1472 Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies and is most frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. The current treatment for advanced stage ovarian cancer includes debulking surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Despite this approach yielding responses in 60–80% of patients with advanced-stage disease, the majority of ovarian cancer patients eventually relapse and become refractory to additional treatment. In most studies, the overall five-year survival of the patients does not exceed more than 30%. This warrants new strategies to improve both the duration of response and overall survival of patients with this disease. We have approached the problem of chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity/resistance in ovarian cancer by identifying molecular determinants of response using gene expression profiling. We examined a set of 44 human ovarian tumors from patients that either responded or progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. The results indicated that increased expression of the chemokines, CCL18, CCL19 (Scya19, Mip3beta), CCL21 (Scya21, Exodus 2, 6Ckine,SLC), is associated with longer progression-free survival times. The quantitative RT-PCR and histochemical analyses revealed elevated expression of CCL19 and CCL21 in samples from longer progression-free survival patients. The chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are known to attract immune effectors cells such as dendritic and T cells, besides having an angiostatic effect. To understand the role of CCL19 and CCL21 expression and its association with increased response and survival, we expressed these transgenes constitutivley in murine ovarine cancer cells (ID-8). We studied these transgene effects in vitro and in vivo using a syngenic murine model. The cell lines expressing chemokines, CCL19 (ID-8CCL-19) and CCL21 (ID-8CCL21), attracted more splenocytes as compared to control cells in a chemotaxis assay. In in vivo studies, ID-8, ID-8CCL-19 and ID-8CCL21 cells were implanted subcutaneouly in C57BL/6 mice and once tumor volume reached 1000mm3, mice were treated intraperitonially with cisplatin weekly for two weeks. Tumors in mice injected with control ID-8 cells returned to their original size in 30 days after cisplatin treatment, whereas mice with ID-8CCL-19 and ID-8CCL21 tumors were reduced to about 20% of their original tumor volume in that time period. This clearly suggests that these chemokines may play a vital role in increasing the cisplatin sensitivity and overall survival time and the efficient delivery of chemokines to the tumor microenvironment may be an effective strategy to treat advanced-stage ovarian cancer.


Mesoporous gamma-alumina with precisely controlled mesoporosity is synthesized through the scaffolding of pseudoboehmite nanoparticles in the presence of a nonionic surfactant as the porogen. In the initial step of the synthesis, a colloidal suspension of pseudoboehmite is prepared by peptizing pseudoboehmite in dilute acidic solution. The nanoparticles in the peptizate are then assembled into a scaffold structure using nonionic Tergitol 15-S-7 (C(15)H(33)(OC(2)H(4))(7)OH) as the surfactant porogen. Calcination of the resulting surfactant-containing composites at 500 degrees C removes the surfactant and concomitantly converts the pseudoboehmite crystallites to gamma-alumina through topochemical transformation with the retention of the scaffold structure. Depending on the surfactant to alumina ratio used to form the scaffold structures, the average pore size can be precisely controlled over the range of 3.5-15 nm. Also, the BET surface areas of the scaffold structures are substantially larger in comparison to the gamma-alumina formed from pseudoboehmite at the same calcination temperature in the absence of surfactant (296-321 vs 238 m(2) g(-1)). The substantial improvement in surface area provided by the scaffold structures, together with the ability to provide narrow pore size distributions over a wide range of average pore sizes by simply adjusting the surfactant content, should substantially improve the effectiveness of this oxide as an adsorbent and as a catalyst or catalyst support.


We show that the bipartite entanglement in the two-mode quantum kicked top can reveal the underlying chaotic and regular structures in phase space: namely, the entanglement displays a rapid rise after a very short time for an initial spin coherent state centred in a chaotic region of the phase space, whereas the entanglement displays a periodic modulation for the coherent state centred at an elliptic fixed point. The quantum–classical correspondence is investigated by studying the mean and maximal linear entropy.


Abstract: In Lori Steckervetz?s three interview sessions, she talks about her time at the University of Wisconsin-Madison - both as an undergraduate, and as a student of the School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS). She talks about the city of Madison?s LGBTQ community and adapting to life in a new city. She talks about her background in Pennsylvania, but most of the interviews are focused on her time in Madison. She goes into detail about her time as a student in SLIS, how she felt comfortable in her own skin, and along with other SLIS students started the LGBTQ-SC (an LGBTQ-focused library student group). She mentions post-graduation plans, and how SLIS has prepared her for a future career.

Key Words: LGBTQ campus life, University of Wisconsin ? Madison School of Library and Information Studies, University of Wisconsin ? Madison, Club 5, LILI practicum, Department of Natural Resources, LGBTQ-SC Library group.


The decays of massive gravitinos into neutralino dark matter particles and Standard Model secondaries during or after Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) may alter the primordial light-element abundances. We present here details of a new suite of codes for evaluating such effects, including a new treatment based on PYTHIA of the evolution of showers induced by hadronic decays of massive, unstable particles such as a gravitino. We present several sets of results obtained using these codes, including general constraints on the possible lifetime and abundance of an unstable particle decaying into neutralino dark matter under various hypotheses for its decay mechanism. We also develop an analytical treatment of non-thermal hadron propagation in the early universe, and use this to derive analytical estimates for light-element production and in turn on decaying particle lifetimes and abundances, which confirm our numerical results and illuminate the underlying physics. We then consider specifically the case of an unstable massive gravitino within the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM). We present upper limits on its possible primordial abundance before decay for different possible gravitino masses, with CMSSM parameters along strips where the lightest neutralino provides all the astrophysical cold dark matter density. We do not find any CMSSM solution to the cosmological 7Li problem for small m3/2. Discounting this, for m1/2 ~ 500 GeV and tan β = 10 the other light-element abundances impose an upper limit m3/2n3/2/nγ 3 × 10−12 GeV to 2 × 10−13 GeV for m3/2 = 250 GeV to 1 TeV, which is similar in both the coannihilation and focus-point strips and somewhat weaker for tan β = 50, particularly for larger m1/2. The constraints also weaken in general for larger m3/2, and for m3/2 > 3 TeV we find a narrow range of m3/2n3/2/nγ, at values which increase with m3/2, where the 7Li abundance is marginally compatible with the other light-element abundances.


Objective: To evaluate the distribution, clinical signs, clinical symptoms, characteristics of pathology and clinical responds to treatment of idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome Methods: This study was a 5-years retrospective review of patients with idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome in Srinagarind hospital Result: Totally there were 18 patients, 14 males and 4 females. Ranging of age were from 4-63 years old, and most of them were 41-60 years old. The site of lesions were 10 (52.63%)  on right eye, 5 (26.32%) on left eye and 4 (21.05%) bilateral. Mostly patients present with good visual acuity (VA >6/12) 11 (57.89%) on right eye, 13 (68.42%) on left eye.  The patients complaint with orbital pain 15.79%, double vision 15.79%, vision loss 31.58%, eye lid swelling 10.53%, feeling bulging of the eyes 36.84%.  The presenting clinical signs were proptosis 63.16%  limitation of eye movement 57.89%  lacrimal gland enlargement 31.58% mechanical ptosis 16.67% disc edema 10.53% uveitis 5.26%.  The neuroimaging that mostly used in this study was computed tomography (84.21%), the organs that involved from neuroimaging were lacrimal gland 12 (66.67%), muscle involvement 8 (44.44%), optic nerve sheath 7 (38.89%) and orbital apex and intracranial involvement 6 (33.33%).  For the group that has muscle involvement, mostly was lateral rectus 7 (38.89%).  Others inferior rectus and superior rectus 4 (22.22%), and medial rectus 2 (11.11%)  but no statistical significant (CI:-0.54—0.10;P=0.054).  Treatment modality, most modality be used was oral steroid 16 (84.2%),  the others were intravenous and intralesional steroid. Results of treatment were resolved 15 (78.95%),  recurrent 4 (21.05%) and no recalcitrant be found. There were three types of orbital histopathology found in this study; classical idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome 66.67%,  sclerosis idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome 16.67%,  and eosinophil idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome 16.67%, each type of histopathology did not had statically significant. Conclusion:  Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndromes have many presenting symptoms and signs which were not specific so that we need more clue form laboratory and neuroimaging to help for making diagnosis and differentiation from other. Most Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndromes have a rapidly good response to steroid which sometimes likes hematologic malignancy so biopsy for histopathology is important to make a definite diagnosis.


2014 Abstract Introduction : Psychological and behavioral domains involve important issues in coping with diabetes. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the relationship between resilience and hardiness in patients with diabetes 2 in Yazd. Method s: This study is a descriptive-correlation study which the sample consisted of 310 diabetic patients (160 women and 150 men). In order to glean the study data, Caner and Diveson psychological resilience and Ahvaz psychological hardiness questionnaires were applied. Data analysis was performed via SPSS18 software utilizing Pearson correlation and independent T-test. Results: The study results indicated that a significant correlation was observed between resilience and hardiness in each group as well as within all patients with diabetes. Comparing the means of the two groups in regard with resilience and hardiness, it was demonstrated that the differences between men and women with respect to hardiness was significant (t=3/19, p=0/04), though the means of the two groups for resilience was not significant. Conclusions : Regarding the positive relationship between hardiness and resilience, it could be expected that employing proper treatment in order to increase resilience and hardiness in diabetes, will lead to a decrease in perception of psychological problems, as well as an increase in quality of


This is the second edition of a well-received book, first published in 2002. The authors describe this edition as 'a valuable reference source, providing extensive information pertaining to the use of continuing subcutaneous infusions (CSCIs)'. It is aimed at general healthcare professionals as well as specialists, and is well suited to both. I found this book well laid out and easy to read, with a clear, succinct and practical text. Divided into four chapters, the first gives basic information about syringe drivers and CSCIs. I do not consider myself a specialist as regards the workings of syringe drivers, and felt that I gained knowledge and confidence from reading about the different types. Practical information about infusions, diluents and site reactions was also well set out, along with a 'Frequently Asked Questions' section. The second chapter contains short but useful profiles about drugs that can be administered via CSCI as well as orally, and is well referenced. It also contains helpful drug availability information relevant to UK, US and Australian use. Each profile contains sufficient information for healthcare professionals to feel well-informed, whilst guiding them to specialist palliative care input when appropriate. The third section on symptom control offers helpful algorithms for pain, nausea and vomiting, restlessness and agitation and respiratory secretions / reflecting that for many patients, CSCIs are utilised for end-of-life symptom issues. Continuing with this practical theme, the final chapter, the bulk of the book, is taken up with a comprehensive set of compatibility data tables, giving examples from two to five drug combinations that can be used, and also combinations that are not compatible, eg, dexamethasone, haloperidol and hyoscine butylbromide, or not recommended, eg, haloperidol and metoclopramide. Throughout the book there is very useful re-iteration and cross-referencing of essential facts about various drugs, for instance the administration of dexamethasone and its compatibility with other drugs. This allows the reader to 'dip into' the book for information relevant to a specific clinical situation, without missing key points. It is this emphasis on utility and practical facts that is so appealing, and I expect that it will become a well-handled book in the various wards and healthcare institutions that have the foresight to obtain it.


Using the infinite-volume photon propagator, we developed a method which allows us to calculate electromagnetic corrections to stable hadron masses with only exponentially suppressed finite-volume effects. The key idea is that the infinite volume hadronic current-current correlation function with large time separation between the two currents can be reconstructed by its value at modest time separation, which can be evaluated in finite volume with only exponentially suppressed errors. This approach can be extended to other possible applications such as QED corrections to (semi-)leptonic decays and some rare decays.


Automobiles' maneuverability, security and comfort are very important. To obtain the ideal steering stability and cornering portability of vehicles in any conditions, a multi-body dynamic model of automobile equipped with electric power steering system (EPS) is established in Matlab/Simulink and ADAMS. A new control method is presented which combined control strategy with parameter compensation method. The simulation results show that, yaw compensation can improve the stability of automobiles when steering a large angle on slippery roads; Return compensation can improve the lack of returning ability when steering at a low speed. This EPS can improve both the steering portability and road feeling.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Endometrial carcinoma exhibits the strongest association with obesity of any cancer. Tumor growth is driven by PI3K/AKT activation, and opposed by tumor suppressors, including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and p27, with inactivation of TSC2 and loss of cytoplasmic misloclization of p27 both being linked to PI3K/AKT signaling. However, little is known about the involvement of p27 in the development of endometrial carcinoma arising in the setting of obesity, expecially its role in early disease progression. We found that p27 was moderatley-to-severely reduced in both "normal" endometrial glands as well as endometrial hyperplasia of obese women. Obese Tsc-2-deficient Eker rats similarly developed endometrial hyperplasia with a high frequency and short latency, and like obese women, endometrial hyperplasia that developed in obese rats exhibited loss of p27. In Eker rats, even a short duration of caloric restriction (2-4 months of age) reduced weight, increased adiponectin and lowered leptin to produce favorable leptin:adiponectin ratio, and reduced circulating insulin levels. Caloric restriction also increased p27 levels, primarily in the nucleus, and significantly decreased endometrial hyperplasia incidence by up to 50%. These data demonstrate that in the setting of obesity, loss of p27 occurs very early in progression to carcinoma. Importantly, p27 can be modulated along with weight by diet, and perhaps other lifestyle interventions that decrease risk for development of carcinoma, suggesting it may be a useful biomarker, and possible determinant of risk for endometrial carcinoma in the setting of obesity.

Citation Format: Adrienne S. McCampbell, Megan L. Mittlestedt, Ruhee Dere, Lijun Zhou, Bojana Djordjevic, Pamela T. Soliman, Qian Zhang, Caimiao Wei, Stephen D. Hursting, Karen H. Lu, Cheryl L. Walker, Russell R. Broaddus. p27 as a biomarker and determinant of risk for endometrial carcinoma arising in the setting of obesity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4102. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4102


About the book: The Uses of Sociology introduces the main methods of sociological research; explores some of the major approaches to knowledge that underpin these; and, on the basis of this prior discussion, considers competing answers to the question, "what should sociology's purpose be?".


A disease similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome may occur in neonates after aspiration of meconium. The aim of the study was to compare the inhibitory effects of human meconium on the following surfactant preparations suspended at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL: Curosurf, Alveofact, Survanta, Exosurf, Pumactant, rabbit natural surfactant from bronchoalveolar lavage, and two synthetic surfactants based on recombinant surfactant protein-C (Venticute) or a leucine/lysine polypeptide. Minimum surface tension, determined with a pulsating bubble surfactometer, was increased >10 mN/m at meconium concentrations ≥0.04 mg/mL for Curosurf, Alveofact, or Survanta, ≥0.32 mg/mL for recombinant surfactant protein-C, ≥1.25 mg/mL for leucine/lysine polypeptide, and ≥20 mg/mL for rabbit natural surfactant. The protein-free synthetic surfactants Exosurf and Pumactant did not reach minimum surface tension <10 mN/m even in the absence of meconium. We conclude that surfactant activity is inhibited by meconium in a dose-dependent manner. Recombinant surfactant protein-C and leucine/lysine polypeptide surfactant were more resistant to inhibition than the modified natural surfactants Curosurf, Alveofact, or Survanta but less resistant than natural lavage surfactant containing surfactant protein-A. We speculate that recombinant hydrophobic surfactant proteins or synthetic analogs of these proteins can be used for the design of new surfactant preparations that are relatively resistant to inactivation and therefore suitable for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of absent ductular reaction (DR) at hepatocellular-stromal boundaries in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODS
Cytokeratin (CK)7 and CK19 expression was detected by the SP immunohistochemistry method in 112 hepatic nodules taken from 20 cases of early HCC, 26 cases of HCC with nodules more than 3 cm, 20 cases of high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN), 26 cases of low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN), and 20 cases of cirrhosis (CIR). DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 were assessed separately on a semi-quantitative scale and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients in the study was 53.71 years-old, and the study population consisted of 73 males and 39 females. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 90 months. Positive CK7 and CK19 staining was detected in the cytoplasm of DR-positive hepatobiliary cells, interlobular bile duct, and a portion of hepatic cells. All of the DR/CK7- and DR/CK19-positive cells were localized around the non-invasive nodules. Specimens with focal or diffuse DR/CK7- and DR/CK19-loss had more robust stromal invasion. Specimens from early HCC cases showed greater DR/CK19 loss than specimens from HGDN cases, LGDN cases and CIR cases (all P less than 0.01). DR/CK7 loss of early HCC was less than HCC with nodules more than 3 cm (P less than 0.05), and more than LGDN cases and CIR cases (both P less than 0.01).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of DR/CK7 was very similar to that of DR/CK19 (P more than 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 were positively correlated with tumor-free time (P less than 0.01) and negatively correlated with early recurrence time as well as death rate (both P less than 0.01). Furthermore, cases showing DR/CK7 or DR/CK19 loss had lower overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate (P less than 0.01) and higher early recurrence rate (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSION
DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 immunostaining may help to distinguish non-invasive HGDNs from both minimally-invasive and overtly-invasive HCCs by identifying small foci of invasion and predicting increased risk of invasiveness.


The profitability of banking sector is the most important instrument of financial system for the future of the economy. The objective of this study is to determine by using Johansen and Juselius cointegration test approach of the bank specific and macroeconomic factors that affect the profitability of commercial banks in Turkish banking sector. In study, the data are collected from the three biggest state-owned, privately-owned and foreign banks. The sample period spans from 1998 to 2011. In the study, return of asset, return of equity and net interest margin were used as proxy for profitability of banks. The bank specific determinants, which were thought to have effects on profitability are total credits/total assets, total deposits/total assets, total liquid assets/total assets, total wage and commission incomes/ total assets, total wage and commission expenses/total assets, the logarithm of total assets and total equity/total assets. The macroeconomic determinants of study are real gross domestic product, inflation rate, real exchange rate and real interest rate. Empirical findings suggest that the bank specific determinants have been more effect than macroeconomic factors on profitability of the banks. The reel gross domestic product and real exchange rate have been effective on the profitability. In addition, the 2001 economic crisis has a negative effect on all Turkish Banking sector.


Hyperthyroidism always presents challenging consideration for anesthesiologists. In non emergency cases it is essential that patients are clinically and chemically euthyroid prior to surgery. Thyroid storm is the most fatal complication in hyperthyroidism. Surgery, trauma, and infection put patients at higher risk for developing thyroid storm. We present a case of 24 years old man with open fracture of his left femur planned for emergency open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screw. In pre operative evaluation he was found with hyperthyroidism both clinically and chemically. Limitting the anxiety and pain management in this patient is very important in the pre operative setting to prevent excessive sympathetic response. Regional anesthesia is a safe choice wherever possible. Observation must be continued up to 24 hours post surgery as thyroid storm may still happen post operatively.


Our target paper argued for the ubiquity of frequency effects in acquisition, and that any comprehensive theory must take into account the multiplicity of ways that frequently occurring and co-occurring linguistic units affect the acquisition process. The commentaries on the paper provide a largely unanimous endorsement of this position, but raise additional issues likely to frame further discussion and theoretical development. Specifically, while most commentators did not deny the importance of frequency effects, all saw this as the tip of the theoretical iceberg. In this short response we discuss common themes raised in the commentaries, focusing on the broader issue of what frequency effects mean for language acquisition.


The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical and methodological contribution to the study of dialogue based on a dialogic conception of human communication (Bakhtin, Linell, Markova). From this perspective, it is postulated that the exchange is governed by the Principles of Dialogicality and Reciprocity and turns and contributions are defined as the constitutive elements of dialogue, representing two different levels of complexity. What is compared is how, on these two levels, the fictitious interlocutors of TV advertising dialogues, either Spanish or Mexican, try to influence each other: What are the similarities and differences in the diversity of types of turn and types of contribution, their possible impacts and the multiplicity of their connections.


Ear decomposition of a graph has been extensively studied in relation to graph connectivity. In this paper, a connection of ear decomposition to graph embeddings is exhibited. It is shown that constructing a maximum-paired ear decomposition of a graph and constructing a maximum-genus embedding of the graph are polynomial-time equivalent. Applications of this connection are discussed.


The main purpose of this article is to explore the mystery of china being a leader in business, and economic aspects and the dream of Xi Jinping. A historical, analytical, case study method has been used to conduct this research. The study reveals that China has been successful in attaining a stable domestic and international status and achieving a top position in the world. It is proclaimed that "The Dream of Xi Jinping" is for making the nation an ideal one based on the characteristics and ideologies of China. This paper focuses on all the aspects of China as a global leader; it discusses China's economical-political history, struggles for success and policies for becoming a superpower. In addition, Chinese foreign policies and its relationship with the other countries, especially with Bangladesh have been enlightened here. The findings of the study will be helpful for trader, policy makers and enthusiastic to understand, policy making and future trade with China.


Natural gas hydrates may contain more energy than all the combined other fossil fuels, causing hydrates to be a potentially vital aspect of both energy and climate change. This article is an overview of the motivation, history, and future of hydrate data management using a CODATA vehicle to connect international hydrate databases. The basis is an introduction to the Gas Hydrate Markup Language (GHML) to connect various hydrate databases. The accompanying four articles on laboratory hydrate data by Smith et al., on field hydrate data by L?wner et al., on hydrate modeling by Wang et al., and on construction of a Chinese gas hydrate system by Xiao et al. provide details of GHML in their respective areas.


Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen and chemoattractant constitutively expressed by a variety of normal and transformed cells. Transient transfection and deletion analysis of the human c-sis proto-oncogene in cultured vascular endothelial cells revealed a minimal core promoter region extending 82 base pairs upstream from the TATA box. Two novel and functional cis-acting elements were identified within the core that share considerable sequence homology with consensus binding elements for transacting factors of the ETS class and those involved in AP-1 complexes. Deletion or mutation of either the ETS-like site or the AP-1-like site resulted in significant attenuation in the ability of the core to drive transcription. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that proteins from bovine aortic and human umbilical vein endothelial nuclear extracts bound to these elements in a specific manner and that both sites were essential for protein binding. Ferguson analysis predicted a combined molecular mass of 153 kDa for these proteins. In addition, transient transfection, gel shift, and DNase I footprint analysis were used to identify a functional Sp1 binding site downstream of these elements in the core promoter. By localizing the functional cis-acting elements in the PDGF-B promoter, it may be possible to elucidate the normal transcriptional control of the gene, as well as the mechanisms that activate it in pathologic settings.


A new equation for converting cat years to human years was developed. This equation was created by taking current models and running regressions on them in order to make an equation that is more accurate. The new equation is a piecewise function of just a singular point and then a linear equation that grows to infinity. At x=1, the value is 16.6364. After that point and at x=1.5, the graph becomes linear following the equation y=4.134x+15.