The Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition (MABC-2) is a recent revision of the well-known Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). The MABC-2 is designed to identify and describe impairments in motor performance of children and adolescents 3 through 16 years of age. The Performance Test and the Checklist have been standardized using a larger, more representative normative sample. The evolution of the MABC-2 and research using the MABC is presented to provide a context for the MABC-2. The content of the MABC-2 is described including the scoring format, standardization sample, reliability, and validity. The MABC-2 includes four new items, the revision of some items, the creation of a 3- through 6-year and 11- through 16-year age bands, the combination of the 7- through 8- and 9- through 10-year age bands, and a system to assist with score interpretation. The Checklist has been reorganized and the total number of items reduced to 30. The primary weakness of the MABC-2 is the lack of evidence on reliability and validity. The quality, comprehensiveness, and rigor of reliability and validity studies reported in the test manual are variable. Considering the strengths and weakness of the MABC-2, it appears to be a clinically useful instrument, however, until further reliability and validity studies are completed, therapists should be guarded when basing their clinical decisions solely on MABC-2 test results.


Because of the smaller size of mobile devices, text entry with on-screen keyboards becomes inefficient. Therefore, we present CamK, a camera-based text-entry method, which can use a panel (e.g., a piece of paper) with a keyboard layout to input text into small devices. With the built-in camera of the mobile device, CamK captures images during the typing process and utilizes image processing techniques to recognize the typing behavior, i.e., extract the keys, track the user's fingertips, detect, and locate keystrokes. To achieve high accuracy of keystroke localization and low false positive rate of keystroke detection, CamK introduces the initial training and online calibration. To reduce the time latency, CamK optimizes computation-intensive modules by changing image sizes, focusing on target areas, introducing multiple threads, removing the operations of writing or reading images. Finally, we implement CamK on mobile devices running Android. Our experimental results show that CamK can achieve above 95 percent accuracy in keystroke localization, with only a 4.8 percent false positive rate. When compared with on-screen keyboards, CamK can achieve a 1.25X typing speedup for regular text input and 2.5X for random character input. In addition, we introduce word prediction to further improve the input speed for regular text by 13.4 percent.


Life history traits differ between organisms living in the tropics, Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and sexual selection is thought to be stronger close to the equator than in temperate regions. Although birds are often supposed to be more brightly coloured in the tropics, the current evidence of geographic variation in the intensity of sexual selection and sex‐specific natural selection is equivocal. Whether sex‐specific traits signal aspects of individual quality better in the tropics than in the temperate regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres therefore remains an open question. We examined predictions of this hypothesis in the Tytonidae family (barn owls and their relatives) because females, on average, display larger black spots on the tip of their ventral body feathers than males, and this trait is associated with aspects of individual quality. We measured the size of melanic spots and the wing length of 7893 Tytonidae skins collected worldwide and preserved in natural history museums. The covariation between spot size and wing length was stronger in females than in males, in large‐ than small‐spotted Tyto taxa and close to the equator than in temperate regions. This suggests that selection for spot size, which can be used by owls as an additional cue to assess individual body size and other aspects of phenotypic quality, is stronger in females than in males, particularly near the equator.


Total messenger RNA was extracted from a human T cell hybridoma, clone H-E4-9, which strongly produced macrophage activating factor for glucose consumption (MAF-G). This messenger RNA gave rise to functional MAF-G when translated in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Isoelectric focusing of culture supernatants of the mRNA-microinjected oocytes and the H-E4-9 cells revealed that the former contained MAF-Gs with isoelectric points of pH 5.0 and 3.0 while the latter contained MAF-Gs with isoelectric points of pH 5.0 and pH 3.3. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis showed that MAF-G mRNA prepared from H-E4-9 cells sedimented at about 11.5 S.


This study investigates the role of supply chain agility in mediating the relationship between knowledge sharing, innovation capability, and absorptive capacity for competitive advantage. This research used structural equation modeling (SEM) methods to analyze the data. This study employs SmartPLS for data processing. Data were collected by distributing the questionnaire to respondents who met the requirements that the researcher had determined. The samples in this study were 200 coffee shops with more than 500 Instagram followers, while the research respondents were owners, managers, and supervisors who managed the coffee shop. The findings revealed that absorptive ability significantly and favorably impacted supply chain agility and competitive advantage. Supply chain agility had a positive and significant impact on competitive advantage. Absorptive capacity and competitive advantage were mediated by supply chain agility in a positive and significant way. On the other hand, there is no effect of knowledge sharing on competitive advantage or supply chain agility. Supply chain agility cannot mediate the relationship between knowledge sharing and competitive advantage. Likewise, innovation capability does not affect competitive advantage, and supply chain agility and supply chain agility cannot mediate the relationship between innovation capability and competitive advantage.


We describe the structural organization of the human SCL gene, a helix-loop-helix family member which we believe plays a fundamental role in hematopoietic differentiation. The SCL locus is composed of eight exons distributed over 16 kb. SCL shows a pattern of expression quite restricted to early hematopoietic tissues, although in malignant states expression of the gene may be somewhat extended into later developmental stages. A detailed analysis of the transcript(s) arising from the SCL locus revealed that (i) the 5' noncoding portion of the SCL transcript, which resides within a CpG island, has a complex pattern of alternative exon utilization as well as two distinct transcription initiation sites; (ii) the 5' portions of the SCL transcript contain features that suggest a possible regulatory role for these segments; (iii) the pattern of utilization of the 5' exons is cell lineage dependent; and (iv) all of the currently studied chromosomal aberrations that affect the SCL locus either structurally or functionally eliminate the normal 5' transcription initiation sites. These data suggest that the SCL gene, and specifically its 5' region, may be a target for regulatory interactions during early hematopoietic development.


In this paper, we investigate privacy-preserving query processing (P3 Q) techniques on partitioned databases, where relational queries have to be executed on horizontal data partitions held by different data owners. In our scenario, data owners use Secure Multi-party Computation (SMC) to compute privacy-preserving queries on entire relation(s) without sharing their private partitions. Our solution is applicable to a subset of SQL query language called SQL−− including selection and equi-join queries. To nicely scale up with large size data, we show that computation and communication costs can be reduced via a novel bucketization technique. We consider the classical notion of query privacy, where the querier only learns query results (and what can be inferred from it), and data owners learn as little as possible (in a computational sense) about the query. To ensure such privacy, our technique involves a trusted party only at the beginning of the protocol execution. Experimental results on horizontally partitioned, distributed data show the effectiveness of our approach.


Asymmetric liposomes containing phosphatidylinositol 45-bisphosphate (PIP2) predominantly on the inner leaflet of the bilayer were prepared by means of a non-penetrating enzyme, phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isolated from adult human platelets. Symmetric liposomes prepared by a modification of the reverse-phase evaporation method were incubated with partially purified enzyme in the presence of Ca2+ at 37" C. The resultant liposomes were collected by high-speed centrifugation. Hydrolysis of PIP2 on the outer leaflet of the membrane was completed after approximately 4 h of incubation. Since PIP2 is predominantly located in the inner leaflet of biological membranes, these asymmetric liposomes should be suitable for investigation of structural and functional roles of PIP2 in biomembranes.


Pubertal development is regulated by gonadotrophins and sex hormones. There has been a clear secular trend in the timing of puberty during the last century, puberty becoming earlier. Although improved nutrition is assumed to be the cause, this could partly be associated with exposure to so-called endocrine disrupters. Precocious puberty has been described in several case reports of accidental exposure to oestrogenic compounds in cosmetic products, food and pharmaceuticals. Local epidemics of premature thelarche have also been suggested to be linked to endocrine disrupters. Children adopted from developing countries to industrialized countries often develop precocious puberty. Not only precocious puberty, but also delayed puberty can, theoretically, be associated with exposure to endocrine disrupters. While it is very plausible that endocrine disrupters may disturb pubertal development, there is very little research on this and, therefore, we do not yet have any clear cause-effect relationships in humans.


AbstractIntraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) is widely used as a surgical corrective method to treat patients with skeletal class III malocclusion with mandibular setback. However, the conventional surgical method applied for mandibular advancement has induced such complications as condylar luxation caused by the instability of the placement of the proximal segment. To avoid this complication, it has been necessary to use the fixation of the proximal and distal segments with an L-shaped compact lock plate via an extraoral approach. This has made surgeons hesitate to propose this osteotomy for patients with skeletal class II malocclusions. We herein report a new surgical approach for the IVRO for mandibular corrective advancement with endoscopically assisted fixation of an L-shaped compact lock plate and good positioning of the condyle via an intraoral approach.The osteotomized mandibular segments were fixed with an L-shaped compact lock plate using right-angled burs and right-angled screwdrivers. Seven patients were included in this study. The average degree of mandibular advancement was 6.1 mm (range, 3.5–9 mm). Our results suggest that mandibular advancement by IVRO with endoscopically assisted intraoral fixation of an L-shaped compact lock plate in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion might be useful to improve the occlusion and facial aesthetics by maintaining good positioning of the condyle.


Socio-economic inequalities in health are of great concern, and life expectancy provides a readily understood means of monitoring such inequalities. The objective of this study is to measure life expectancy by socio-economic deprivation and to describe trends in life expectancy since the mid-1990s. Ten years of mortality data from Cluj county have been used to calculate evolution of number of death and mean death age according with the cause of death and social class. Instruments of time series analysis with a 3 years period prediction have been used. The mean death ages also increased during this period, from 69 years in 1994 to 71 years in 2003. The people dye at more older ages from ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, other disease, gastro-intestinal disease, accidents, cancer and respiratory disease and at smaller ages from other cardiovascular disease. Three causes of death have their death ages over the general mean death age: ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and other cardiovascular disease. Only the employees and the pensioners show an increased trend regarding the mean death ages. The employers reach the general mean in 1999 but their mean death age decrease again in 2003. The employees have an increased risk to dye from accidents. Being an employer means to have a great risk to dye from accidents and other cardiovascular disease (only after 1998). The own workers are at increased risk to dye from other disease, accidents (only after 1999) and other cardiovascular disease (till 1998). The unemployed present greater risk to dye from accidents, gastro-intestinal disease and respiratory disease (till 1998). The housewives have an increased risk of dying from cerebro-vascular disease and the pensioners from cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease and ischemic heart disease.


Surveys of egocentric networks are especially vulnerable to methods effects. This study combines a true experiment—random assignment of respondents to receive essentially identical questions from either an in-person interviewer or an online survey—with audio recordings of the in-person interviews. We asked over 850 respondents from a general population several different name-eliciting questions. Face-to-face interviews yielded more cooperation and higher-quality data but fewer names than did the web surveys. Exploring several explanations, we determine that interviewer differences account for the mode difference: Interviewers who consistently prompted respondents elicited as many alters as did the web survey and substantially more than did less active interviewers. Although both methods effects substantially influenced the volume of alters listed, they did not substantially modify associations of other variables with volume.


In her June 2012 interview with Christine Haas, Ali Blanchard details her life growing up in Oregon WI. She talks about her coming out process during high school. She gives the details of the assault/ hate crime she experienced her first semester at Whitewater, because she was gay. She talks about doing the necessary work to get past being a victim. She discusses the following topics: LGBT issues, coming out, her family, her involvement with Orchard Ridge United Church of Christ, GSA?s, college life, her research, and her future plans. This interview was conducted for inclusion into the UW-Madison Oral History Program.


Significance Sensitive periods in human functional brain development were tested in humans who had been blind from birth and whose sight was restored as long as 14 y later. In investigating this rare population, our data demonstrate a general principle of brain development: rather than being born with highly specialized neural systems (e.g., for specific object categories such as faces), the functional differentiation of neural circuits seems to depend on early (visual) experience involving a decrease in responsiveness to certain events during sensitive periods. The functional tuning of neural systems seems necessary to achieve high processing proficiency. The aim of the study was to identify possible sensitive phases in the development of the processing system for human faces. We tested the neural processing of faces in 11 humans who had been blind from birth and had undergone cataract surgery between 2 mo and 14 y of age. Pictures of faces and houses, scrambled versions of these pictures, and pictures of butterflies were presented while event-related potentials were recorded. Participants had to respond to the pictures of butterflies (targets) only. All participants, even those who had been blind from birth for several years, were able to categorize the pictures and to detect the targets. In healthy controls and in a group of visually impaired individuals with a history of developmental or incomplete congenital cataracts, the well-known enhancement of the N170 (negative peak around 170 ms) event-related potential to faces emerged, but a face-sensitive response was not observed in humans with a history of congenital dense cataracts. By contrast, this group showed a similar N170 response to all visual stimuli, which was indistinguishable from the N170 response to faces in the controls. The face-sensitive N170 response has been associated with the structural encoding of faces. Therefore, these data provide evidence for the hypothesis that the functional differentiation of category-specific neural representations in humans, presumably involving the elaboration of inhibitory circuits, is dependent on experience and linked to a sensitive period. Such functional specialization of neural systems seems necessary to archive high processing proficiency.


Summary: The electrophysiological actions of SUN 1165 on isolated guinea pig atrial and papillary muscles, canine Purkinje fibers, and rabbit sinoatrial node were studied using standard microelectrode techniques. SUN 1165 in low (10-7 g/ml) concentration had little effect on any of the action potential parameters measured. Intermediate (10-6 g/ml) concentration of the compound shortened the duration of action potential of canine Purkinje fibers and increased ratio of the effective refractory period to the duration of action potential at 90% repolarization in guinea pig atrial muscles. At high (10-5 g/ml) concentration, the compound reduced the maximum rate of rise of phase 0 in guinea pig atrial, papillary muscles, and canine Purkinje fibers, though the change in the latter was not statistically significant, and also decreased the action potential amplitude in guinea pig atrial muscles and canine Purkinje fibers. At all concentrations (10-7-10-5 g/ml) tested, the compound exerted little effect both on spontaneous action potentials in rabbit sinoatrial node cells and on Ca2+ -mediated slow responses in partially depolarized guinea pig papillary muscles. These results indicate that SUN 1165 may selectively inhibit cardiac sodium channels and is likely to be of value in correcting not only ventricular but also supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.


Experience in using a systematic approach to compare and integrate software design methodologies is reported. A comparison approach based on modeling the design methodologies and classifying their components is discussed. Six design methodologies were composed in the context of using this approach, and assessed in relation to comparable work of other researchers. Experiences with assessments of the comparison approach indicate that it is a powerful tool for analyzing software development methodologies.<<ETX>>


The effectiveness of using printing equipment was studied and the calculations for the qualitative evaluation of the equipment effectiveness in the printing industries were made. The speed and quality of printing depends on the applied printing equipment, for correct using the full capacity of a printing machine, the parameters that affect the performance of the printing equipment were studied (circulation, number of color inks, order format, complexity of orders, number and qualifications of printers). Next, the main parameters (print time, production capacity) were determined that will speed up the printing process, make it more accurate and insure the production from the perpetual violations of order deadline, violations of printing equipment loading schedule. As a result, the printing process will be more organized.


The usual method for determining the sensitivity curve of a TXRF spectrometer relies on calibration using a set of vendor-certified concentration values of reference calibration standards. These samples, which are certified by the provider, are costly and their quality cannot be verified. We propose the use of pure substances for calibration, along with a mathematical procedure, that assures a high precision and accuracy of the results. The method described herein is economically efficient and eliminates having to deal with some uncertainties related to the concentration of the standard used in the usual method, thereby improving the quality of the TXRF results.


Gut Microbiota Regulates the Interplay Between Diet and Genetics to Influence Insulin Resistance Jeralyn Jones Franson Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, BYU Master of Science Insulin resistance and obesity are major public health concerns. The impact of diet and genetics on insulin resistance and obesity is well accepted. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been shown to influence obesity and metabolic disorders. However, much remains to be understood about the role of gut microbiota in the development of insulin resistance and obesity. We utilized a mouse model with a global deletion of PAS kinase, a protein involved in cellular metabolism, to better understand the relationship between diet, genetics and the gut microbiota. Previous research has shown that mutant mice, lacking PAS kinase, were protected from the effects of a high fat diet, gaining less weight and showing a better response to insulin than high fat diet fed wild-type mice. Surprisingly, when PAS-kinase knockout mice were placed on a western-style, high fat, high sugar (HFHS) diet, they became obese and had an impaired response to insulin, much like wild type mice on the same diet. Mutant mice did, however, show more resistance to the effects of the unhealthy diet in one aspect—they maintained normal levels of claudin-1 in the colon, suggesting that they were less likely to develop excessive gut permeability (leaky gut). While significant differences in gut microbial composition were seen in response to the HFHS diet, with shifts in the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and increases in the levels of Actinobacteria, none of the differences correlated with genotype. Unexpectedly, however, within the mice on the HFHS diet and regardless of genotype, the composition of the gut microbiota diverged into two clusters. The mice in one cluster showed more resistance to obesity and their glucose response was like that of wild type mice on a healthy normal chow diet (NCD), while mice in the other cluster showed more weight gain and impaired glucose response. No similar gut microbiota divergence occurred in mice on the NCD, suggesting that the HFHS diet made mice vulnerable to (but did not cause) the development of a harmful gut microbiota, whereas the healthy NCD protected against spontaneous harmful shifts in the composition of the gut microbiota.


Tropical peat swamps are more widespread in Sundaland than in any other equatorial region. Also, Cenozoic deposits from the area are rich in coals. The developmental pattern of present day peat swamps from the region has often been used to help clarify that of coals in the geological record. This paper initially reviews the ecology of present day ombrotrophic, rheotrophic and brackish mangrove peat swamps, and their pattern and timing of development during the Holocene and latest Pleistocene based on palynological studies. Then, it attempts to examine the developmental pattern of the peats which led to the formation of Cenozoic coals across the region, based on both published and unpublished datasets generated during the course of hydrocarbon exploration programmes. It is concluded that Cenozoic coals reflect a greater variety of peat forming settings than occurs in the region today. Extensive brackish water peats formed during the Middle and Late Eocene and Middle and Late Miocene, these often being laterally very extensive. Rheotrophic peats also formed widely through most of the Cenozoic. Ombrotrophic kerapah type peats are first recognised in the Late Oligocene, based on their content of common Casuarina type and Dacrydium pollen, and were particularly common during the Early and Late Miocene in the Sunda shelf region. Kerapah peats sometimes developed great thickness. Basinal peats, on the other hand, increased in representation during the course of the Miocene. No convincing evidence for doming in Cenozoic peats has yet been noted, but on the other hand, no really thick coals, which may have been formed from basinal peats, have so far been studied. As a consequence, examples of doming in the rock record from this area are probably yet to be found.


It is well-known that the structure and composition of the material plays an important role in the processes occurring at the surface. In this paper, a surface morphology of nanostructured oxide layers electrochemically grown on Ti15Mo, tuned by applying different anodization parameters, was investigated in detail. The one-step anodization of Ti15Mo alloy was performed at room temperature in an ethylene glycol-based electrolyte containing 0.11 M NH4F and 1.11 M H2O. Different anodization times (ranging from 5 to 60 min) and applied potentials (40–100 V) were tested, and the surface morphology, elemental content, and crystalline structure were monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The results showed that contrary to the multistep anodization of titanium foil, the surface morphology of anodic oxide obtained via the one-step process contains the nanoporous outer layer covering the nanotubular structure. What is more, the pore diameter (Dp) and interpore distance (Dint) of such layers exhibit different trends than those observed for anodization of pure titanium. In particular, at a certain potential range, a decrease in both Dp and Dint with increasing potential was observed. However, independently on the used anodization conditions, the elemental content of oxide layers remained similar, showing the amount of molybdenum at c.a. 15 wt.%. Finally, the amorphous nature of as-anodized layers was confirmed, and their optical band-gap was determined from the diffuse reflectance UV–Vis spectra. It was found that Eg is tunable to some extent by changing the anodizing potential. However, further thermal treatment in air at 400 °C resulted in the anatase phase formation that was accompanied by a significant Eg reduction. Therefore, we believe that the presented results will greatly contribute to the understanding of anodic formation of nanostructured functional oxide layers with tunable properties that can be applied in various fields.


Seminal plasma (SP) mirrors the local pathophysiology of the male reproductive system and represents a non-invasive fluid for the study of infertility. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) provides a high-throughput platform to rapidly extrapolate the diagnostic profiles of information-rich patterns. In this study, dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) combined with MALDI-TOF-MS was applied for the first time to the human SP, with the aim of revealing a diagnostic signature for male infertility. Commercially available octadecyl (C18)-, octyl (C8)-bonded silica sorbents and hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) were tested and the robustness of MALDI-TOF peptide profiling was evaluated. Best performances were obtained for C18-bonded silica with the highest detection of peaks and the lowest variation of spectral features. To assess the diagnostic potential of the method, C18-bonded silica d-SPE and MALDI-TOF-MS were used to generate enriched endogenous peptide profiles of SP from 15 fertile and 15 non-fertile donors. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully separated fertile from non-fertile men into two different clusters. An array of seven semenogelin-derived peptides was found to distinguish the two groups, with high statistical significance. These findings, while providing a rapid and convenient route to selectively enrich native components of SP peptidome, strongly reinforce the prominent role of semenogelins in male infertility.


Druvefors, U. Ä. 2004. Yeast biocontrol of grain spoilage moulds – Mode of action of Pichia anomala. Doctor's dissertation. ISSN 1401-6249, IBSN 91-576-6493-5 The biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121 prevents mould spoilage by Penicillium roqueforti and prolongs the safe storage of moist cereal grain in malfunctioning airtight storage systems. P. anomala is naturally occurring on grain and is classified as safe, i.e. biosafety level 1 microorganism. Strain J121 does not grow above 37°C and is sensitive to commonly used antifungal drugs. The ability of P. anomala to prevent mould growth during 14 months of wheat grain storage was evaluated in outdoor silos with different air permeability. P. anomala rapidly consumed O2 leaking into the silo during the spring, and P. roqueforti did not grow in treatments inoculated with P. anomala. A connection between production of the ester ethyl acetate and biocontrol activity was found. The biocontrol effect was enhanced when complex medium or glucose was added to grain minisilos. The addition did not markedly influence yeast cell numbers, but products of glucose metabolism, ethyl acetate in particular and ethanol, increased. When a diploid and a haploid strain of Pichia anomala were tested at two water activities (aw) for biocontrol ability in grain minisilos, the two yeast strains grew and inhibited mould growth equally well and showed similar patterns of ethyl acetate production at the higher aw. However, at lower aw the growth, biocontrol performance and ethyl acetate production of the haploid strain were reduced. The biocontrol activity of an additional 57 yeast species was evaluated in grain minisilos. Most yeast species grew to levels comparable to that of P. anomala J121, but only six other species strongly inhibited P. roqueforti. The biocontrol activity of Candida fennica and Candida silvicultrix is reported for the first time. The ability of 27 yeast species to grow to high CFU values without inhibiting mold growth, and the increase in biocontrol activity after nutrient addition, indicates that nutrient competition is not the main reason for mould inhibition in the system. Instead, a combination of ethyl acetate production and rapid consumption of oxygen leaking into the system could be the main inhibitory mechanism.


Thiopurines are extensively used immunosuppressants for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The polymorphism of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) influences thiopurine metabolism and therapy outcome. We used a TPMT knockdown (kd) model of human Jurkat T-lymphocytes cells to study the effects of treatment with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) on proteome and phosphoproteome. We identified thirteen proteins with altered expression and nine proteins with altered phosphorylation signals. Three proteins (THIO, TXD17, and GSTM3) with putative functions in cellular oxidative stress responses were altered by 6-TG treatment and another protein PRDX3 was differentially phosphorylated in TPMT kd cells. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay results were consistent with a significant induction of oxidative stress by both TPMT knockdown and thiopurine treatments. Immunoblot analyses showed treatment altered expression of key antioxidant enzymes (i.e., SOD2 and catalase) in both wt and kd groups, while SOD1 was downregulated by 6-TG treatment and TPMT knockdown. Collectively, increased oxidative stress might be a mechanism involved in thiopurine induced cytotoxicity and adverse effects (i.e., hepatotoxicity) and an antioxidant cotherapy might help to combat this. Results highlight the significance of oxidative stress in thiopurines' actions and could have important implications for the treatment of IBD patients.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Increasing the amount of breastmilk is vital for both the nursing mother and child. Warming up breasts before using electrical pumps to pump out breastmilk may help to increase the amount of breastmilk, especially in the mothers of babies who are being nursed in the neonatal intensive care unit.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Thirty-nine mothers whose babies had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were analyzed. A breast compress that was warmed up in a microwave oven for 1 minute at 180 W was applied to one of the breasts for 20 minutes, and both breasts were sucked by an electrical breast pump for 15 minutes. The amount of breastmilk after each procedure was recorded.

RESULTS
The amount of breastmilk that was obtained from warmed breasts was significantly higher than that obtained from nonwarmed breasts (maximum, 47.02 ± 23.01 mL vs. 33.15 ± 19.98 mL) (p=0.000).

CONCLUSION
Warming up breasts by a breast compress is easy and affordable, and this procedure increases the amount of breastmilk, thus facilitating infant nutrition and recovery especially in the neonatal intensive care unit.


Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a myriad of cutaneous manifestations have been described in association with this viral infection. However, in Latin America, this kind of data is still scarce. Objective: In this sense, the goal of this study was to describe the dermatological findings observed during SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a Brazilian Hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of 50 cases of new-onset dermatologic symptoms in patients with COVID-19, treated at Hospital Sírio-Libanês, from February to June 2020. Results: The patients (n = 50) were classified into 6 groups, according to the elementary lesions and the statistical analysis was performed. The most common cutaneous lesions were maculopapular eruptions (44%), necrosis, purpura, and livedo (32%), urticarial lesions (12%), pseudochilblains (4%) and papular-vesicular eruption (4%). In 46% of the patients the cutaneous lesions occurred in association with other symptoms, such as pruritus (38%), pain and burning sensation (8%). Lower limbs were affected in


In previous laboratory studies, we have shown that Keke Ya light oil reservoir (Tarim basin, China) has good potential to apply High-Pressure Air Injection (HPAI). However, it should be verified by reservoir simulation approach before pilot test in the oil field. In this paper, we give a comparison study to reveal the performance of HPAI when respectively applied in high water saturation reservoir. The STARS simulator (Computer Modeling Group, CMG) is employed for the HPAI simulations. Keke Ya reservoir petrophysical properties and geological conditions are used as research references for a case study. Simulation targets include the effects of air injection rate and interbedded anisotropic on formation temperature distribution, gas override, gas breakthrough time, and production performance. The obtained results of this study are very promising to broaden the application of HPAI in some complex reservoirs with high water cut and high heterogeneity.


In recent years, augmented reality (AR) is considered a promising technology that combines virtual information such as videos, images, and three-dimensional objects with a real camera view in mobile platforms. Interactive AR further provides human–computer interaction to allow the user to interact with virtual objects on the mobile display. In this paper, we proposed a cloud-based mobile augmented reality interactive system (MARIS), which includes MARIS-I for image target tracking and MARIS-H for hand motion tracking. MARIS-I estimates the position of the image target by adopting a feature-based mean-shift algorithm, which is feasible for real-time applications with its small region feature detection. MARIS-H provides two tracking modes for fingertip and back of hand tracking to enhance user experiences (UX) for interaction. Either the center position for the back of hand or fingertip is first estimated by particle filtering technique, which calculates the weighting of each particle according to hand or fingertip model. Afterward, the contour of the fingertip is estimated by level-set-based contour evolution in the fingertip tracking mode. Furthermore, we implement a device/cloud architecture for the proposed MARIS to decrease memory requirement and computational complexity on the device side. Experimental results show that MARIS including MARIS-I and MARIS-H can outperform other existing methods for image and hand motion tracking, respectively. The proposed MARIS is demonstrated in a picture book to provide fruitful interactive UX for digital learning systems.


The challenge in fine-grained visual categorization lies in how to explore the subtle differences between different subclasses and achieve accurate discrimination. Previous research has relied on large-scale annotated data and pre-trained deep models to achieve the objective. However, when only a limited amount of samples is available, similar methods may become less effective. Diffusion models have been widely adopted in data augmentation due to their outstanding diversity in data generation. However, the high level of detail required for fine-grained images makes it challenging for existing methods to be directly employed. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach termed the detail reinforcement diffusion model~(DRDM), which leverages the rich knowledge of large models for fine-grained data augmentation and comprises two key components including discriminative semantic recombination (DSR) and spatial knowledge reference~(SKR). Specifically, DSR is designed to extract implicit similarity relationships from the labels and reconstruct the semantic mapping between labels and instances, which enables better discrimination of subtle differences between different subclasses. Furthermore, we introduce the SKR module, which incorporates the distributions of different datasets as references in the feature space. This allows the SKR to aggregate the high-dimensional distribution of subclass features in few-shot FGVC tasks, thus expanding the decision boundary. Through these two critical components, we effectively utilize the knowledge from large models to address the issue of data scarcity, resulting in improved performance for fine-grained visual recognition tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate the consistent performance gain offered by our DRDM.


Implementation of a system in a company provide a significant benefits to align a business activity in the company. A company system is also closely related to the development of information technology. The benefits from the relationship between system and information technology are they can align the relationship between technology and business processes within a company. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an effective approach, because it has a good structure for system requirements that can be used to design and develop a complex system become a simple system. This research was carried out to build a solution on Enterprise Architecture that can serve as guidelines for achieving the strategic objectives of the company. This architectural solution can be used as a basic sample for manufacture company like PT INTI in the development of Enterprise Architecture, especially in the function of Procurement and Materials Management. Keywords: Enterprise Architecture, Procurement, Material Management


The introduction of international guidelines on Good Clinical Practices (GCP) in 1996, immediately followed by the publication of Resolution CNS 196/96 in Brazil, created a great opportunity for Brazilian research centers to participate in international trials. Such studies must be strictly monitored in order to assure compliance with the regulations, as well as with the standards of patient safety. Clear agreement among the investigator, the sponsor and the institution carrying out the study must be previously defined in order to avoid any conflicts of interest during or after the study. Operational aspects, such as the time needed to gain regulatory approval of the study design, strategies for patient recruitment/retention and appropriate logistics, are also important. In 2005, the Brazilian National Clinical Research Network was established, bringing together a number of research centers in teaching hospitals. The objective was to subsidize public clinical research with state-of-the-art practices and appropriate technical/scientific training programs. The development of research protocols that prioritize public health care needs in Brazil is other fundamental goal of this network. This article addresses general aspects of clinical research, as well as some specific issues in psychiatry. Improving the health and quality of life of the global population is certainly the major objective of all of the work done in this area.


Nicolas Veron and Adam Posen believe Europe should build new long term European joint-action to face the likely high rising number of insolvent banks on the continent. The authors propose on the one hand, a centralised triage and restructuring process of bad European banks lead by a new temporary European Institution, a European Bank Support Authority (EBSA), and on the other hand, long-term EU Institutions dedicated to the completion of an integrated market. Unprecedented state intervention on both sides of the Atlantic since October 2008 has prevented outright financial breakdown. But as long as many of its banks are insolvent or likely to become so, Europe will suffer continued economic misery, given the predominance of traditional banking in corporate finance and household savings on the continent. A lesson from major past crises is that the drag on growth will persist until the most fragile banks are openly identified and fixed. Such a process always requires great political will. In Europe, the challenge is compounded by institutional mismatch, namely the combination of a largely integrated market with national supervisory structures. Because of cross-border linkages, national approaches cannot be expected to deliver the necessary unbiased results.


PURPOSES : This study is to suggest time to spray curing compound, the amount of curing compound, and the number of times to spray curing compound based on indoor tests. METHODS : Based on the literature review, two methods are used in this study, One is test for water retention of concrete curing material and the other is test for abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces by the rotating-cutter method. Through those methods, curing compound was evaluated. RESULTS : The result of the laboratory experiment for time to spray curing compound indicates that 30 minutes after placing concrete is optimal. For the amount of curing compound, is the minimum quantity for both concretes. Through test of the number of times to spray curing compound, method to spray the whole amount of curing compound in twice is more efficient than it to spray the whole amount at a time. Also, method of separately 30-50 minutes spray is better than method of separately 10-30 minutes spray. CONCLUSIONS : From the testing results, it can be proposed that optimum time to curing compound is minutes, is efficient for spraying the whole amount of curing compound at a time, and is the best for spraying the whole amount of curing compound in twice, which sprays it in 20 minutes after 30 minutes from placing concrete.


The authors retrospectively studied clinical and radiologic data of 333 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH between January 2009 and December 2011. Adjusted odds ratios werecalculated for the association between automatically quantified total blood volume on NCCT and delayed cerebral ischemia (clinical, radiologic, and both). The adjusted OR of total blood volume for delayed cerebral ischemia was 1.02 per milliliter of blood. They conclude that a higher total blood volume measured with the automated quantification method is significantly associated with delayed cerebral ischemia. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The total amount of extravasated blood after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, assessed with semiquantitative methods such as the modified Fisher and Hijdra scales, is known to be a predictor of delayed cerebral ischemia. However, prediction rates of delayed cerebral ischemia are moderate, which may be caused by the rough and observer-dependent blood volume estimation used in the prediction models. We therefore assessed the association between automatically quantified total blood volume on NCCT and delayed cerebral ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied clinical and radiologic data of consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to 2 academic hospitals between January 2009 and December 2011. Adjusted ORs with associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the association between automatically quantified total blood volume on NCCT and delayed cerebral ischemia (clinical, radiologic, and both). The calculations were also performed for the presence of an intraparenchymal hematoma and/or an intraventricular hematoma and clinical delayed cerebral ischemia. RESULTS: We included 333 patients. The adjusted OR of total blood volume for delayed cerebral ischemia (clinical, radiologic, and both) was 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01–1.03) per milliliter of blood. The adjusted OR for the presence of an intraparenchymal hematoma for clinical delayed cerebral ischemia was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.24–0.95) and of the presence of an intraventricular hematoma, 2.66 (95% CI, 1.37–5.17). CONCLUSIONS: A higher total blood volume measured with our automated quantification method is significantly associated with delayed cerebral ischemia. The results of this study encourage the use of rater-independent quantification methods in future multicenter studies on delayed cerebral ischemia prevention and prediction.


The paper looks into the application of the BSC within a healthcare organization. The BSC has had a significant impact on practice. However, it has had both favorable and unfavorable reviews in the literature, some author arguing the benefits of a more collaborative environment through the adoption of the BSC, other highlighting the limitation of this managerial tool, particularly in its implementation. The present paper traces the progressive implementation of the BSC as theoretical information and compares it to some of the experiences that emerged within the organization. A range of practices developed in the organization. Against these the validity of the implementation theory is tested. The findings indicate a lack of appropriate accounting for the motivational factors in the BSC that impinges on the success of its introduction. This emphasizes that while the BSC design may be promoted as 'standard', its implementation process cannot proceed without taking account of the unique factors, which constitute the situation facing the adopter.


The relation between intraventricular haemorrhage, Apgar scores, and cord blood gases was determined prospectively in 150 infants of 34 weeks' gestation, or less. Although there was no significant relation between birth asphyxia and subsequent haemorrhage, a consistent trend for lower Apgar scores in infants who developed haemorrhage was shown.


Klebsiella Pneumonia are the most pollutants of the hospital origin. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumonia in two serotypes K1 and K2 from samples Collected with urinary tract infections and burn injuries in Kermanshah of Iran. This study was performed on 140 samples collected from hospitals in Kermanshah for a period of 6 months. After confirmation of bacteria by phenotypic method, genotyping was done by PCR of rmpA2 and magA1 genes. Subsequently, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern was evaluated according to the CLSI 2017 regimen using 6 types of antibiotic disks. The results of genotype determination showed that 76% of the samples were related to K1 serotype and 24% of the samples were related to K2 serotype. Also, among the samples taken from the 35 urine, K1 showed an 80% prevalence (28 samples) and 20% were related to k2. Of the 35 samples examined from burn injuries, 71% of the samples were related to K1 and 29% related to K2. The antibiogram results showed that the samples of K1 positive were resistant to Onloxacin and Nitrofurantoin antibiotics and sensitive to Ceftoxime and limit to Ceftriaxone antibiotics. The interface has the Trimethoprim and Cefazolin antibiotics. Also, K2 serotype is susceptible to Ceftoxime and resistant to Nitrofurantoin and intermediate mode for Cefazolin, Forloxacin and Trimethoprim antibiotics. Additionally, the resistance k1 serotype is higher than k2. In both samples of urine and burn in the studied population, the prevalence of serotype k1 was higher and in both groups, the most resistant to antibiotics were Nitrofurantoin and onloxacin. Also, the most commonly used antibiotics that are recommended are Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone, and resistant antibiotics that should be used less than Nitrofurantoin and Onloxacin.


This paper evaluates the incentives that banks have to herd. It includes a complete literature review of papers from the last fifteen years, and a model of several banks and infinite time periods. The literature review looks at recent academic papers that have examined the different causes of bank herding. The model is discussed theoretically and then simulated with a numerical example that explores the significance of its coefficients. The model section concludes that any policy that reduces the costs of over-investment increases the incentives of banks to herd.


The brand image can give a huge impact to the marketer and the consumer as the buyer of the product. The brand image factor can also motivate consumer in their purchasing decision because the brand image may reflect the product itself. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the relation between the awareness of a brand and the intention of buying a brand. There were several brand image factors highlighted in this research which is pricing, advertisement, brand name and quality of the product. A quantitative method was used through an online questionnaire in order to prove the factors that can affect the brand image in online marketing among university students. Based on the results, several factors were identified as the contributing effect on a brand image which is the price of a product, advertisement of product and the quality of a product.


Antibiotic and Chemotherapy. By L. P. GARROD, H. P. LAMBERT, F. O'GRADY and P. M. WATERWORTH. 5th edn, Pp. 514, illustrated. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, Melbourne and New York, 1981. £18.50. Bladder Cancer. Principles of Combination Therapy. By R. T. D. OLIVER, W. F. HENDRY and H. J. G. BLOOM. Pp. xix+ 326, illustrated. Butterworths, London, 1981. £25.00. Brain Biopsy. The Smear Technique for Neurosurgical Biopsies. By J. HUME ADAMS, D. I. GRAHAM and D. DOYLE. Pp. x+ 124, illustrated. Chapman and Hall, London, 1981. £15.00. Drug Reactions and the Liver. Edited by MICHAEL DAVIS, J. MICHAEL TREDGER and ROGER WILLIAMS. Pp. xii+364, illustrated. Pitman Medical, London, 1981. £20.00. Hearing. An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics. By S. A. GELFAND. Pp. xi+ 379, illustrated. Marcel Dekker, New York and Basel; Butterworths, London, 1981. £16.00. The Making of the National Health Service. By JOHN E. PATER. King's Fund Historical Series 1. Pp. xii+210, illustrated. King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, London, 1981. £10.00. Rehabilitation of the Hand. By C. B. WYNN PARRY. 4th edn. Pp. xv+409, illustrated. Butterworths, London, 1981. £30.00. Teaching General Practice. Edited by JACK CORMACK, MARSHALL MARINKER and DAVID MORRELL. Pp. xviii+ 328. Kluwer Medical, London, 1981. £18.50. Wound Healing. Principles and Practice. By T. T. IRVIN. Pp. 221, illustrated. Chapman and Hall, London, 1981. £15.00.


approach is hardly an insoluble problem for the trained anaesthetist. I believe there is evidence that bother with sedative premedication anyway? Or do we aim both to have our cake and eat i t? it is better for children to clearly remember the induction, otherwise they may later associate normal sleep with surgery and pain. Is this unquestionably so, and does it also apply to adults? If so, why National Heart Hospital, Westmoreland Street, London WI M 8BA. ALAN GILSTON


Urticaria is a common pediatric skin disorder. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists are effective in chronic as well as acute urticaria. When H1-anti-histamines are ineffective, add-on use of H2-receptor antagonists is thought to give better symptom relief. However, there are few reports on the therapeutic efficacy in pediatric patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (csU) who met the following criteria. They were consulted our outpatient clinic between April 2010 and March 2012; were unsuccessfully treated with H1 antihistamines; and were treated with add-on H2-receptor antagonist (famotidine). In six patients who met the inclusion criteria (mean age 6.1 ± 5.1 years), urticaria activity score was significantly decreased from 4.3 ± 0.8 just before administration of famotidine to 1.3 ± 1.0 on the first outpatient visit within 4 weeks after the first administration of famotidine (p


In this work, we approach the problem of extracting a dynamic multiport thermal compact model from thermal impedance transients of microsystems using genetic algorithms. The model takes the form of a unique RC network, using a thermal-electrical analogy. The model topology is codified in a binary chromosoma and nonlinear least squares is used for sizing their components. The compact model topology evolution is genetically controlled to obtain the RC network that minimizes the reconstruction error of the thermal impedance transients. As an example, the proposed methodology is applied to an innovative silicon microthruster and compared with random search and sequential forward selection.


Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is transmitted through blood, genital secretions, and breast milk. The probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 per sex act is.0003-.0015, but little is known regarding the risk of transmission per breast-milk exposure. We evaluated the probability of breast-milk transmission of HIV-1 per liter of breast milk ingested and per day of breast-feeding in a study of children born to HIV-1-infected mothers. The probability of breast-milk transmission of HIV-1 was.00064 per liter ingested and.00028 per day of breast-feeding. Breast-milk infectivity was significantly higher for mothers with more-advanced disease, as measured by prenatal HIV-1 RNA plasma levels and CD4 cell counts. The probability of HIV-1 infection per liter of breast milk ingested by an infant is similar in magnitude to the probability of heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 per unprotected sex act in adults.


The prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms in ticks from Zimbabwe was determined using the hemolymph test. Amblyomma hebraeum had the highest prevalence of rickettsia-like organisms. Other species with rickettsia-like organisms included Amblyomma sparsum, Amblyomma variegatum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Ripicephalus simus, Haemaphysalis leachi, Amblyomma rhinocerotis, and Hyalomma truncatum. Ticks with no demonstrable rickettsia-like organisms infection were Boophilus decoloratus, Haemaphysalis spinulosa, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis on samples of hemolymph-positive ticks showed the agent of African tick-bite fever to be present in A. hebraeum, Rickettsia conorii to be present in Rhipicephalus simus and Haemaphysalis leachi, and a spotted fever group rickettsia similar to that in Hyalomma marginatum marginatum ticks from Morocco and Portugal to be present in Hyalomma marginatum rufipes.


Although there has been a sizable growth spurt in empirical studies of shared leadership over the past decade, the bulk of this research has been descriptive. Relatively few published studies have investigated the impact of shared leadership on school improvement, and even fewer have studied effects on student learning. This longitudinal study examines the effects of collaborative leadership on school improvement and student reading achievement in 192 elementary schools in one state in the USA over a 4-year period. Using latent change analysis, the research found significant direct effects of collaborative leadership on change in the schools' academic capacity and indirect effects on rates of growth in student reading achievement. In addition, the study identified three different growth trajectories among schools, each characterized by variations in associated school improvement processes. The study supports a perspective on leadership for learning that aims at building the academic capacity of schools as a means of improving student learning outcomes.


In this paper, we analyze the equilibrium on the market for schooling where both public and private schools coexist and where individuals are differentiated by income and ability. We study the distribution of students across sectors while examining the conditions for the existence of a majority voting equilibrium in the context of non single peaked preferences. Finally, we examine the existence of a hierarchy of school qualities, as a consequence of the discriminating pricing strategy used by private schools to internalize the effect of peer groups.


It is known that legumes give benefits to the soil such as improved nutrient availability, improved structure, reduced pest and disease incidence, and hormonal effects (Wani et al., 1995). The major benefit of legume crops comes from biologically nitrogen fixation, deriving from the symbiosis involving leguminous plants and rhizobium bacteria (Vance, 1998).
Based on this purpose, a field study was conducted to evaluate radiation absorption and use efficiency in fenugreek and dill in row intercropping as replacement series at the Agricultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during growing season of 2013-2014. Treatments included 20% fenugreek+ 80% dill, 40% fenugreek+ 60% dill, 60% fenugreek+ 40% dill, 80% fenugreek+ 20% dill and their monoculture. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) were performed using SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
Results indicated that leaf area index, light absorption, total dry matter accumulation and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of fenugreek and dill increased in all intercropping ratios compared to monoculture. RUE range for fenugreek was from 0.95 g.MJ-1 in monoculture to 1.24 g.MJ-1 in 40% fenugreek+ 60% dill. RUE range for dill was from 0.64 g.MJ-1 in monoculture to 1.02 g.MJ-1 in 40% fenugreek+ 60% dill.


Pigmented odontogenic cysts are uncommon and to date, only 37 cases have been reported in the English literature. Here, we report a case of a pigmented lateral periodontal cyst (LPC) in the maxilla of a 48-year-old female. The patient presented with clinical swelling in the maxillary anterior region. Microscopic features of the biopsied specimen were consistent with a diagnosis of LPC. The epithelial cyst lining exhibited numerous coarse granules of melanin pigment, which was confirmed by S-100 immunohistochemistry and Fontana-Masson bleach histochemical method. Almost all documented cases of pigmented odontogenic cysts have occurred in Asians and African-Americans, with only three cases in white patients. Racial pigmentation may have a role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Although the origin and pathologic significance of melanocytes in these pigmented intraosseous lesions cannot be explained, it may be something to consider for investigation in future.


In this work we prove a shape theorem for a growing set of Simple Random Walks (SRWs) on Z d , known as frog model. The dynamics of this process is described as follows: There are active particles, which perform independent SRWs, and sleeping particles, which do not move. When a sleeping particle is hit by an active particle, it becomes active too. At time 0 all particles are sleeping, except for that placed at the origin. We prove that the set of the original positions of all the active particles, rescaled by the elapsed time, converges to some compact convex set. In some specific cases we are able to identify (at least partially) this set.


The Editorial Board publishes a brief report on the round table at the Center for Asia Pacific Studies of IMEMO on new phenomena in the system of international relations in the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR) and in the policies of the states located there. The sharp increase in the level of confrontation in different regions of the world over the past year leads to increased importance in the system of international relations, in the foreign policy of states of such categories as "friendliness" and "unfriendliness" in relation to other countries. These phenomena have also affected the Indo-Pacific region, which now plays a key role in world politics and economy, where complicated and sometimes multidirectional processes of restructuring the political space, reformatting economic, military and political relations between states are taking place. In this context, it seems relevant to analyze the influence of the factors of "friendship/unfriendliness" on the formation of the main "axes" of rapprochement and confrontation in the region, new blocs and coalitions. The determination of Russia's new positioning in the IPR taking into account the factors mentioned above also becomes an important independent research task. These and other closely related issues were the object of discussion at the round table held by the Center for Asia Pacific Studies of IMEMO in late October 2022. At the same time the discussion participants focused on the analysis of policies not of all countries in the region, but mainly of the Pacific Asia (PA) and India and South Asia. The panelists were K.R. Voda, Cand. Sci. (Polit.), Scientific Secretary of IMEMO; L.A. Gamza, senior researcher at IMEMO; O.V. Davydov, retired Ambassador-at-Large, senior researcher at IMEMO; E.A. Kanaev, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor at National Research University Higher School of Economics; A.N. Karneev, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Professor at National Research University Higher School of Economics; A.V. Kupriyanov, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Head of the Group at IMEMO; V.L. Larin, RAS Academician, Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of FEB RAS; A.V. Lomanov, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor of RAS, Deputy Director of IMEMO; S.A. Lukonin, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Sector, IMEMO; V.V. Mikheev, RAS Academician, Member of the IMEMO Directorate; V.V. Sumskiy, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), principle researcher at IMEMO; M.A. Terskikh, Cand. Sci. (Polit.), researcher at IMEMO; V.G. Shvydko, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Group at IMEMO.


Financial reporting has evolved over centuries in distinct stages. The first reports (Reporting 1.0) were the trial balances ensuring that debits equaled credits, using the terminology popularized by Pacioli. The next major innovation was formalized in the Great Depression, with Reporting 2.0 being the standardized and audited financial statements. Reporting 3.0 evolved as technology was used to augment that reporting process with ERP-based data and XBRL. Today, technology is still relying on the automation of existing processes in Reporting 3.0. This paper proposes the move to Reporting 4.0, where technology will change reporting as fundamentally as Industry 4.0 is changing business operations. What characterizes Reporting 4.0 is the application of the intelligence inherent in 21st-century technology to create an app-based reporting system characterized by mass customization: the ability for reports to be tailored to meet the needs of the heterogeneous stakeholder community of the multi-objective modern enterprise.


ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows as a biofilm under many environmental conditions, and the bacterium can disperse from biofilms via highly regulated, dynamic processes. However, physiologic triggers of biofilm dispersal remain poorly understood. Based on prior literature describing dispersal triggered by forms of starvation, we tested bacterial respiratory inhibitors for biofilm dispersal in two models resembling chronic airway infections. Our underlying hypothesis was that respiratory inhibitors could serve as a model for the downstream effects of starvation. We used two experimental conditions. In the first condition, biofilms were grown and dispersed from the surface of airway epithelial cells, and the second condition was a model where biofilms were grown on glass in cell culture media supplemented with host-relevant iron sources. In both biofilm models, the respiratory inhibitors potassium cyanide and sodium azide each triggered biofilm dispersal. We hypothesized that cyanide-induced dispersal was due to respiratory inhibition rather than signaling via an alternative mechanism, and, indeed, if respiration was supported by overexpression of cyanide-insensitive oxidase, dispersal was prevented. Dispersal required the activity of the cyclic-di-GMP regulated protease LapG, reinforcing the role of matrix degradation in dispersal. Finally, we examined the roles of individual phosphodiesterases, previously implicated in dispersal to specific triggers, and found signaling to be highly redundant. Combined deletion of the phosphodiesterases dipA, bifA, and rbdA was required to attenuate the dispersal phenotype. In summary, this work adds insight into the physiology of biofilm dispersal under environmental conditions in which bacterial respiration is abruptly limited. IMPORTANCE The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows in biofilm communities that are very difficult to treat in human infections. Growing as a biofilm can protect bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system. Bacteria can leave a biofilm through a process called "dispersal." Dispersed bacteria seed new growth areas and are more susceptible to killing by antibiotics. The triggers for biofilm dispersal are not well understood, and if we understood dispersal better it might lead to the development of new treatments for infection. In this paper, we find that inhibiting P. aeurginosa's ability to respire (generate energy) can trigger dispersal from a biofilm grown in association with human respiratory epithelial cells in culture. The dispersal process requires a protease which is previously known to degrade the biofilm matrix. These findings give us a better understanding of how the biofilm dispersal process works so that future research can discover better ways of clearing bacteria growing in biofilms. The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows in biofilm communities that are very difficult to treat in human infections. Growing as a biofilm can protect bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system. Bacteria can leave a biofilm through a process called "dispersal." Dispersed bacteria seed new growth areas and are more susceptible to killing by antibiotics. The triggers for biofilm dispersal are not well understood, and if we understood dispersal better it might lead to the development of new treatments for infection. In this paper, we find that inhibiting P. aeurginosa's ability to respire (generate energy) can trigger dispersal from a biofilm grown in association with human respiratory epithelial cells in culture. The dispersal process requires a protease which is previously known to degrade the biofilm matrix. These findings give us a better understanding of how the biofilm dispersal process works so that future research can discover better ways of clearing bacteria growing in biofilms.


Cassava is one of the main food species for low-income populations, playing a key role in the diet of several communities. In the Central-Southern region of Brazil, several pests are associated with cassava, among which the cassava mealybug stands out due to its high potential for damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population dynamics and the effect of pruning and different cassava management on the developmental stages of mealybug, Phenacoccus. manihoti. The experiment was conducted in Santa Monica, PR, with 'Cauiá' cultivar, involving a randomized complete block design with four replications and six treatments: 1) No pruning: intact plants, 2) Pruning soil: pruned close to the soil without plant material, 3) Pruning at 15 cm: conventional pruning at 15 cm of the soil with vegetative material, 4) Pruning + branches: conventional pruning, with the middle portion of the plant in the plot and removal of the apical region of the plant, 5) Pruning + apical: conventional pruning, with the removal of the middle portion of the plant and retaining the apical parts of the plant, and 6) Pruning branches apical: conventional pruning, with the removal of the middle and apical portions of the plant. After 7-days of pruning, the number of eggs, nymphs, and adults were counted, and the population variation was monitored at weekly interval for a month. For the insect count, four sites were randomly chosen in a zigzag manner within each plot and four plants were evaluated, totaling 16 plants per plot. Based on the counts, the percentage of plants with eggs, nymphs, and adults was calculated. The data of the variables were transformed by √(x+0.5), subjected to analysis of variance and Scott Knot test (5%). The percentage of plants with egg mass and adults of P. manihoti was highest in plots that had no pruning. The pruning close to the soil combined with the removal of vegetative material resulted in plants with fewest eggs of P. manihoti. Removal of the apical region portion of the cassava plant reduced the number of P. manihoti nymphs and adults.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to many chronic infections and has been found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. Pseudomonas use a quorum sensing system (QS) to control biofilm establishment and virulence factors, and, thus, quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs), such as meta-bromo-thiolactone (mBTL), are promising anti-infective agents. Accordingly, this study intended to investigate the antibacterial and anti-virulence activity of mBTL-loaded calcium alginate nanoparticles (CANPs) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and different QS mutants. The results show that the mBTL-CANPs had higher antibacterial activity, which was made evident by decreases in all tested strains except the ∆lasR/∆rhlR double mutant, with MIC50 (0.5 mg/mL) of mBTL-CANPs compared with free mBTL at MIC50 (˃1 mg/mL). The biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and some QS-deficient mutants were reduced in response to 0.5–0.125 mg/mL of mBTL-encapsulating CANPs. The pyocyanin production of the tested strains except ∆lasA and ∆rhlR decreased when challenged with 0.5 mg/mL of mBTL-loaded NPs. The subsequent characterization of the cytotoxic effect of these NPs on human lung epithelial cells (A549) and cystic fibrosis fibroblast cells (LL 29) demonstrated that synthesized NPs were cytocompatible at MIC50 in both cell lines and markedly reduced the cytotoxic effect observed with mBTL alone on these cells. The resulting formulation reduced the P. aeruginosa strains' adhesion to A549 comparably with mBTL, suggesting their potential anti-adhesive effect. Given the virulence suppressing action, cytocompatibility, and enhanced anti-biofilm effect of mBTL-CANPs, and the advantage of alginate-based NPs as an antimicrobial delivery system these nanoparticles have great potential in the prophylaxis and treatment of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.


The thermoluminescent (TL) response of a set of synthetic diamond films obtained by chemical vapour deposition was investigated using gamma and beta radioactive sources over the dose range from 60 mGy to 3.5 Gy. A TL response linear with dose was generally observed. A numerical curve-fitting procedure was applied to deconvolute the complex-structured TL glow curves, which were found to be composed at most by five peaks in the temperature range between C to C. A short preheat treatment after irradiation allowed us to obtain a very stable smooth-shaped glow curve composed of a unique peak close to C. This isolated structure followed first-order kinetics over the whole dose range. The activation energy of the main peak, eV, was determined considering all samples and all irradiation doses using both the peak shape method and the fitting procedure. The corresponding frequency factor was estimated to be within the range -. The TL sensitivity of the diamond films calculated considering the isolated high-temperature peak compares favourably with that measured with a set of LiF TLD100 and TLD700 standard dosimeters.


In many industries, assembly lines are automated to reduce production cost. Utilizing industrial robots which are superior to humans in repetitive and dangerous operations. This paper presents an automated and flexible FIST assembly line concept which consists of layout of plant, timing and options for each action. 'L' shaped connected stations states in which sequence the closure products are being assembled. It is through line balancing that optimal number of stations, cycle time and efficiencies are approved. Besides, financial analysis, to which ROI, TBO and TCO are critically correlated, are elaborated accordingly as well.


In spite of decades of research, mineral growth models based on ion attachment and detachment rates fail to predict behavior beyond a narrow range of conditions. Here we present a microkinetic model that accurately reproduces calcite growth over a very wide range of published experimental data for solution composition, saturation index, pH and impurities. We demonstrate that polynuclear complexes play a central role in mineral growth at high supersaturation and that a classical complexation model is sufficient to reproduce measured rates. Dehydration of the attaching species, not the mineral surface, is rate limiting. Density functional theory supports our conclusions. The model provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of mineral growth that control biomineralization, mineral scaling and industrial material synthesis.


ABSTRACT Glacier surges are cyclic oscillations of velocity and mass resulting from internal dynamic instabilities. For surge-type glaciers, cycles of advance and retreat are decoupled from climate forcing, so it is important to consider the possibility that former glaciers may have been surge-type when making climatic inferences from their dimensions and chronologies. In this paper, climatic and glacier geometric data are used to show that Scotland was likely the location of a surge cluster during the Loch Lomond Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka), with high probabilities of surging for outlets of the West Highland Icefield and the larger glaciers in the Inner Hebrides and Northern Highlands. Terrestrial and marine landforms consistent with surging occur in all of these areas, and it is proposed that surge-type glaciers existed on the Islands of Skye and Mull, in the Northern Highlands, and in a 'surging arc' along the western, southern and south-eastern margins of the West Highland Icefield. The possibility that surge-type glaciers were widespread in Scotland during the Loch Lomond Stade offers a fresh perspective on some long-standing issues, including the relationship between style of deglaciation and climate change, the climatic significance of glacial chronologies, palaeoclimatic reconstructions, and the interpretation of numerical model results.


This paper deals with the computational modeling of the pattern formation of luminous bacteria. Two bacterial self-organization models are investigated – Keller-Segel diffusion-advection-reaction type equations and the model with additional oxygen equation. These models were applied for the modeling of fluid cultures of lux-gene engineered Escherichia coli in the cylindrical container as seen from the side in 2 dimensions and in quasi-1 dimension along the top three phase contact line. The spatiotemporal patterns were simulated by using the finite difference technique. By applying these models the influence of the cylindrical container depth on the pattern formation was investigated.


Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has become an alternative for patients with systolic dysfunction and persistence of heart failure symptoms despite optimal medical therapy. The role of noninvasive cardiac imaging before device implantation still remains controversial, but they are essential to provide an objective evidence of reverse remodeling of the heart which is, in turn, also related to the outcome of patients treated with CRT. The objective of this review is to highlight the acute and long-term CRT benefits as assessed by imaging, with special focus in cardiac reverse remodeling and its impact on prognosis.


In this study, we present a socially aware navigation framework for mobile service robots by integrating the systems proposed in our previous studies into a completed mobile robot navigation system, including the human detection and tracking system that is used to detect and track humans; the encoder and laser-based localization and mapping system that is used to determine the position of the robot in the environment; the approaching pose estimation system that is used to estimate the approaching pose of the robot to the human; and the social timed elastic band-based motion planning system that is used to socially navigate the mobile robots to approach the human. In addition, in the paper we describe in detail the motor control system and the design of our mobile robot platform, which is then utilized to conduct experiments in the real-world environments. We verify the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed socially aware robot navigation framework through a series of experiments in a corridor-like environment. The experimental results show that our proposed framework is able to drive the mobile robots to both avoid and approach the humans, providing the safety and comfort for the humans and socially acceptable behaviors for the mobile service robots in the dynamic social environments.


BACKGROUND
Lopinavir is a protease inhibitor with high specificity for HIV-1 protease formulated with ritonavir. Numerous clinical trials have shown that lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is highly effective as a component of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens for HIV-1 infection.

OBJECTIVE
In this article we provide an overview of the properties of LPV/r and the experience with its use in HIV-infected adults and adolescents.

METHODS
We reviewed the literature and selected the most important published articles on LPV/r and the latest posters/communications presented in conferences, with particular attention to the clinical efficacy and tolerability of LPV/r in HIV-1 infected patients.

CONCLUSION
LPV/r is highly effective as a component of HAART regimens for HIV-1 infection. There is considerable experience with the drug in both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients. In general, LPV/r is well tolerated and its high genetic barrier to resistance favours long-term efficacy.


Purpose. Comparative analyzing histological changes in skeletal muscle for canine leg lengthening using autodistraction daily by 3 mm for 120 and 180 times.
Material and Methods. The histological changes in the anterior tibial muscle studied in the experiments on 15 dogs for leg lengthening by an autodistractor with the daily rate of 3 mm for 180 and 120 times.
Results. Both modes of distraction established to be traumatic. The leading mechanisms of injury – muscle microinfarction with further focal substitutionary fibrosis, the disintegration of myons' contractile apparatus structures not accompanied by sarcolemma integrity breach and thereby not causing tissue (inflammatory) reaction – less marked in case of "3 mm for 180 times" distraction.
Conclusion. The foci of acute ischemic necrosis of muscle fibers revealed in the experimental series studied (muscle microinfarctions) don't allow recommending the modes of «3 mm for 120 times» and «3 mm for 180 times» to be used in clinical practice. Perspectively, the further search of the optimal mode of high-division distraction with increased daily rate should be made.


The research was conducted to measure the effect of pressure cooling of 'Fuji' apple during of 24 weeks. Weight loss in pressure cooling was lower than control at 24th week, and firmness in pressure cooling was higher than control. Titratable acidity in control and pressure cooling was 0.0823% 0.1103% in 24 weeks, respectively. Soluble solid content (SSC) in pressure cooling were higher than control. Decayed rate in control and pressure cooling was 46.4% 34.5% in 24 weeks, respectively. Total ascorbic acid contents were decreased in control and pressure cooling during 24 weeks. Therefore, it could be suggested that pressure cooling is more effective than control in storage of 'Fuji' apple.


The influence of materials and surface topography on static and dynamic coefficients of friction was experimentally investigated in a test apparatus under boundary and mixed lubrication conditions. Specimen materials were grey iron and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) of different surface topographies, sliding against chromium steel at a maximum Hertzian line contact pressure of 50 MPa. The lubricant was a standard mineral-based hydraulic fluid (ISO VG 68) held at +40°C or -28°C. The static and dynamic coefficients of friction under boundary lubrication conditions were both significantly reduced by the change from grey iron to silicon nitride as sliding material against Cr-steel, while the lowest static friction with Si 3 N 4 was found for an intermediate surface roughness.


The aim of the work of this thesis is to develop novel technologies for functional micro- and nanofluidic devices, as well as exploring the functionality of first examples of such devices. The research thereby is mainly centered round graphene,and involved its synthesis, device fabrication, raman spectroelectrochemistry and transmembrane transport experiments. As such, this work represents a step in the development of real-life applications of this unique material. In addition, the use of magnetic materials is explored for functional lab-on-a-chip systems. In both cases the use of cleanroom technology is indispensable for the developments.


The frequency slope over a year due to climate collapse is connected with huge casualties and property damage, but the situation rarely reduce the damage that gradually increases in size. In order to suppress this, engineers are improved better reinforcement and continued efforts to improve the shear force or withdrawal force. In this study, the GangWhaGu attached to the nail tip that improves the soil nail pullout resistance, and a method to increase the nail integral GangWhaGu maximize the contact area soil - by increasing the friction of the grout seems to increase the effect of slope stability. In order to validate the experiment to determine the effect of reinforcing the soil nail pullout tests of indoor and Behavior GangWhaGu nail and through field tests were conducted and applicability. Experimental results, the case of a pull-out test compared to the GangWhaGu nail through the tensile force of the nail were to increase by approximately 20%.


The duplication of chromosome 3q is a rare disorder with varying chromosomal breakpoints and consequently symptoms. Even rarer is the unbalanced outcome from a parental inv(3) resulting in duplicated 3q and a deletion of 3p. Molecular karyotyping should aid in precisely determining the length and breakpoints of the 3q+/3p− so as to better understand a child's future development and needs. We report a case of an infant male with a 57.5 Mb duplication from 3q23-qter. This patient also has an accompanying 1.7 Mb deletion of 3p26.3. The duplicated segment in this patient encompasses the known critical region of 3q26.3-q27, which is implicated in the previously reported 3q dup syndrome; however, the accompanying 3p26.3 deletion is smaller than the previously reported cases. The clinical phenotype of this patient relates to previously reported cases of 3q+ that may suggest that the accompanying 1.7 Mb heterozygous deletion is not clinically relevant. Taken together, our data has refined the location and extent of the chromosome 3 imbalance, which will aid in better understanding the molecular underpinning of the 3q syndrome.


The software test coverage is used measure the safety measures. The safety critical analysis is carried out for the source code designed in Java language. Testing provides a primary means for assuring software in safety-critical systems. To demonstrate, particularly to a certification authority, that sufficient testing has been performed, it is necessary to achieve the test coverage levels recommended or mandated by safety standards and industry guidelines. Mutation testing provides an alternative or complementary method of measuring test sufficiency, but has not been widely adopted in the safetycritical industry. The system provides an empirical evaluation of the application of mutation testing to airborne software systems which have already satisfied the coverage requirements for certification. The system mutation testing to safety-critical software developed using high-integrity subsets of C and Ada, identify the most effective mutant types and analyze the root causes of failures in test cases. Mutation testing could be effective where traditional structural coverage analysis and manual peer review have failed. They also show that several testing issues have origins beyond the test activity and this suggests improvements to the requirements definition and coding process. The system also examines the relationship between program characteristics and mutation survival and considers how program size can provide a means for targeting test areas most likely to have dormant faults. Industry feedback is also provided, particularly on how mutation testing can be integrated into a typical verification life cycle of airborne software. The system also covers the safety and criticality levels of Java source code.


Abstract : A method of numerical solution is presented for a class of integral equations which includes linear and nonlinear equations encountered in applications. A brief sketch is given of methods from classical analysis (inversion of power series) and functional analysis (functional and monotone iteration), together with some of their shortcomings (difficulty of implementation, error estimation, and special conditions on operators and initial approximations). Interval functions, which may be considered to be sets consisting of all functions bounded above and below by given end-point functions, are defined, and the recently developed theory of interval integration is used to construct interval extensions of real integral operators. These interval operators are used to define an interval iteration process which converges if the initial interval contains a solution of the integral equation. Furthermore, the endpoint functions of the iterated interval functions provide upper and lower bounds for the solution at each stage of the iteration, and the interval iteration operator can be constructed so that the results of each transformation can be represented exactly. A numerical example is given of an interval iteration which gives a numerical solution of a nonlinear integral equation outside the limits of convergence of classical and function methods. Some problems connected with the use of interval iteration are also discussed. (Author)


Rapidly growing Streptococcus faecalis was found to be markedly susceptible to the bactericidal activity of normal rat and rabbit sera, whereas stationary-phase organisms were resistant. In contrast, human serum killed neither phase organism. Further, human serum was found to interfere with killing by rabbit serum. The serosusceptible, rapidly growing organisms were less virulent than the seroresistant, stationary-phase organisms. This was tested by production of pyelonephritis in the rat after intravenous inoculation of the organism. Renal bacterial content over a period of 4 weeks was significantly less in those animals which had received rapidly growing organisms.


A range of application classes is emerging in the Internet whose characteristics differ considerably from those of the point-to-point request/response protocols, which have dominated its recent past. Sensor applications, peer-to-peer systems, and massive multiplayer on-line games are multi-point applications that share both a need for the timely correlation of data generated by different participants in a session and a potentially unlimited number of session participants. We propose the use of middleboxes residing in the network to help in the scaling of these applications. As these emerging applications are not readily subject to standardization, we believe that a programmable model, in which a given middlebox can be instrumented to support various applications either simultaneously or over time, is desirable. We describe our work to date in building such a middlebox that makes use of hardware assists in its data path to maintain high performance.


The difference between the value of seismic moment computed using the surface wave data and the value derived from the normal modes of the Earth requires reinterpretation of the focal mechanism of the Great Sumatran Earthquake (TU=26 December 2004 00h 58m, Lat=3.3°N, Lon=95.8°E, H=30 km, M=9.3) based on the second conjugate – near vertical CMT fault plane solution. The displacement of the Earth's instantaneous rotation pole – observed at ASI of Matera, Italy –, the seismic data (USGS) in the two days following the main shock, the high frequency P-wave radiation, the geomorphologic data, and the satellite data of uplift/subsidence of the coasts (IGG) converge toward this interpretation. A thorough revision or a complete overcoming of the subduction concept is then needed.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to weigh the empirical and hypothetical evidence to assess the claim that imaginative play supports the acquisition and development of social and emotional competence. We analyse children's play and social skills using a development-based perspective. On this basis, we describe the developmental trajectories of imaginative play and the components of socio-emotional competence during childhood, especially in the pre-school period. In addition, we review the research literature on the possible link between imaginative play and creativity in children, and on how this type of play is predictive of later life creativity. Finally, we discuss hypothetical mechanisms that may account for the relationship between imaginative play and social competence in the preschool years and beyond.


The paper presents an analysis of the construcnon of memory about the events of the Mexican Revolution in the production of writmg on the local history of San Luis Potosi. The text focuses on the way certain issues concerning the Mexican Revolution have remained in this pro duction since the 1960s. It also highlights the way this dynamic is eventually condensed loto school textbooks disseminating the central role of San Luis Potosi in Mexican nacional processes at the local level. Thus, the paper proposes the contextualization of certain national processes that may justify the approach to new forms of analysis for writing about the regional history of San Luis Potosi at both the historiographical and political level.


Introduction: Dental caries considered to be a multifactorial disease requires meticulous management and prevention. For prevention the most successful and commonly used agent is fluoride and if applied topically by means of APF gel it has a success rate of around 60%.
Aims and objectives: To evaluate and compare the micro hardness of the restorative materials after the application of APF gel. To evaluate the effect of topical fluoride on the micro hardness of various restorative materials using universal testing machine as well as to compare the micro hardness of the restorative materials after the application of APF gel.
Materials and methods: 80 standardized restorative pellets made with various restorative materials constituted the sample size for the evaluation of micro hardness with and without the application of APF gel on the prepared restorative pellets. The prepared  80  molds were equally distributed for the preparation of  20  restorative pellets of four restorative materials each (viz.) Glass Ionomer Cement, Zirconomer, Amalgomer, Cention-N. Out of 20 samples prepared 10 samples were considered as control, which were tested without the application of APF gel. While 10 samples were taken as experimental, which were conditioned with APF gel before the test.
Results: The result of the microhardness test after the application of fluoride gel showed that the highest microhardess was shown by Group III Amalgomer CR with mean 52.62 ± 0.65. The other materials in the order of decreasing hardness were Group IV Cention N 50.52 ± 0.69, Group II Zirconomer 46.80 ± 0.68 and least for Group I conventional Gic 43.38 ± 0.53. The percentage reduction of micro hardness after application of APF gel was recorded highest in GIC type IX followed by Amalgomer CR, Cention N and Zirconomer. Zirconomer has the least percentage reduction of micro hardness after application of APF gel amongst all the restorative materials.
Keywords: APF gel, Amalgomer CR, Cention N, micro hardness, topical fluoride, Zirconomer.


The purpose of this research was to analyze for the determination of essential amino acid in Pangasius bocourti which was aged between1-12 months. Essential amino acid were extracting by 6 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) using the EZ-Fast technology technique and afterwards the quality and quantity was analyzed by using the GC-MS. The highest amounts of essential amino acid were found in Pangasius bocourti aged 1 month. The highest quantities of essential amino acids were Lysine 8.41% and Leucine 8.30%. Other essential amino acid such as Phenylalanine, Methionine, Isoleucine and Tryptophan were found at 4.54%, 4.35%, 4.25% and 2.36% respectively. In month 9, Threonine and Histidine were found at the highest amounts of essential amino acid, this was 5.85% and 2.96%, respectively. Valine had the highest amounts at 7 months and 15 days for 6.79%.


It is often difficult for users to adopt keywords to express their information needs. Search-By-Multiple-Examples (SBME), a promising method for overcoming this problem, allows users to specify their information needs as a set of relevant documents rather than as a set of keywords. Most of the studies on SBME adopt the Positive Unlabeled learning (PU learning) techniques by treating the users' provided examples (denote as query examples) as positive set and the entire data collection as unlabeled set. However, it is inefficient to treat the entire data collection as unlabeled set, as its size can be huge. In addition, the query examples are treated as being relevant to a single topic, but it is often the case that they can be relevant to multiple topics. As the query examples are much fewer than the unlabeled data, the system performance may downgrade dramatically because of the class imbalance problem. What's more, the experiments conducted in these studies have not taken into account the settings in online search, which are very different from the controlled experiments scenario. This proposed research seeks to explore how to improve SBME by exploring: (1) how to predict user' information needs by modeling the content of the documents using probabilistic topic models; (2) how to deal with the class imbalance problem by reducing the size of the unlabeled data and adopting machine learning techniques. We will also conduct extensive experiments to better evaluate SBME using different sizes of query examples to simulate users' information needs.


In this paper combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment is illustrated by two examples at integrated pulp and paper mills with peroxide bleached TMP pulp production.

The concept of combined biological treatment is to treat the more polluted effluents from the TMP pulp mill in an anaerobic reactor and subsequently to mix them with the less concentrated effluent, for treatment by an aerobic process.

Extensive pilot research was done to confirm the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of peroxide bleached TMP mill effluent COD removal efficiencies of 55-60% were achieved at volumetric loading rates of up to 20 kg/m3/d. Possible toxic effects from peroxide could easily be neutralized by removal in a preacidification tank.

Long term full scale experience proved that combined anaerobic aerobic treatment is an attractive and reliable method for treatment of peroxide bleached TMP mill effluent.


In this paper, Lawson homology and morphic cohomology are defined for Chow motives. As consequences, we rederive the projective bundle formula proved by Friedlander and Gabber, the blowup formula for Lawson homology by the first author, and a formula for certain homogeneous projective varieties, including those admitting cellular decompositions. We also define rational coefficient Lawson homology and morphic cohomology for Chow motives of finite quotient varieties. As a consequence, we obtain a formula for the Hilbert scheme of points on a smooth complex projective surface. We also discuss generic finite maps, in particular, we give examples of self‐product of smooth projective curves with nontrivial Griffiths groups by using a result of Ceresa. © 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim


A procedure has been developed which allows transformation of P. aeruginosa strain PAO with plasmid and bacteriophage DNA at a frequency of 10(-6) per recipient cell. The method is similar in outline to that developed for Escherichia coli. It involves growing the recipient cells to 3-5 x 10(8) per ml in nutrient broth, washing the cells with 0.1 M MgCl2, resuspending in 0.175 M CaCl2 for 20 min, exposing to DNA for 1 h and then heat pulsing at 42 degrees C for 1 min. Some plasmid markers are expressed immediately, whereas others require time for phenotypic expression.