INTRODUCTION I greatly appreciate Professor Rosen's thoughtful reply (1) to my recent article. (2) In many ways, our differences on extraterritoriality doctrine and practice are modest. We agree that current doctrine has its flaws; we agree that courts are useful "first cut" actors in formulating responses to extraterritoriality disputes; (3) and we agree that the system functions as harmoniously as it does because states, for the most part, have chosen to regulate in a way that respects their neighbors' territorial prerogatives. (4) I respond to Professor Rosen primarily to clarify what I take to be our principal area of disagreement: that is, whether current doctrine reflects meaningful and coherent policy choices (such as a decision to recognize multiple constitutional values) or, instead, whether it is better described as a haphazard assemblage of sometimes-inconsistent principles that courts have failed to justify or reconcile to any meaningful degree. I argue, of course, for the latter view--and it is my skepticism of the current doctrinal regime, more than my belief in a single doctrinal standard for its own sake, that leads me to argue for a reconsideration of the approach courts take to extraterritoriality problems. I. LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT FRAMEWORK At the moment, we have (at least) two standards for assessing the extraterritorial effect of state regulation. (5) On the one hand, state legislation affecting commerce is purportedly governed by the Edgar/ Healy dormant Commerce Clause standard (itself something of a jumble of standards, possibly prohibiting both regulation of wholly out-of-state conduct and regulation that creates the danger of "inconsistent legislation" (6)). On the other, the decision of a state court to apply state law to a given dispute (whether commercial in nature or not) is governed by the Hague "aggregation of contacts" standard, apparently rooted in both the Due Process and the Full Faith and Credit Clauses. (7) Both of these standards are themselves unsatisfactory; they can be rightfully criticized for their unclear scope (in the case of the Edgar/Healy test) and (in the case of the Hague test) their toothlessness and their slighting of full faith and credit concerns. As a result, they simply do not--jointly or individually--supply courts with a useful way of thinking about extraterritoriality problems. But perhaps even more troublingly, the existence of these two tests rests on a distinction between regulation by state legislatures and application of state law by state courts that simply cannot be maintained or justified. (8) A New York regulation that purports to apply New York standards to out-of-state conduct is, in most respects, functionally indistinguishable from the decision of a New York court to enjoin the defendant from engaging in behavior in another state that violates New York law. Yet our existing case law would apply sharply divergent standards in assessing each act's constitutionality. Professor Rosen likewise sees deficiencies in current case law. (9) But he defends the current regime on the grounds that two (or, he would argue, more) extraterritoriality standards are not only unproblematic but also desirable. In Rosen's view, multiple standards are called for, first, because multiple constitutional provisions potentially speak to the extraterritoriality problem (10) and, second, because an act of extraterritorial regulation may in fact affect the disparate interests of "individuals, ... states, and ... the interstate federal system." (11) Fair enough. A coherent extraterritoriality standard should in fact take account of all these interests. While such a standard should integrate the disparate strands of current doctrine, it need not be monolithic. It could, for example, provide for the application of varying levels of scrutiny where meaningful distinctions are present, the most important one being whether the state is attempting to regulate commercial or noncommercial conduct. …


OBJECTIVE
To study the localization of ferroportin1 (FP1) protein, the protein and mRNA expression of FP1 in the last trimester placenta of different iron status of pregnant women.

METHODS
Forty placentas were collected from term pregnant women with different degrees of iron deficiency. The localization of FP1 protein of the placenta was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of FP1 protein and mRNA were assessed by means of Western Blot and real-time quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTS
The results showed that FP1 protein was localized in the placental syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells and predominantly in the cytoplasm. There were no significant changes at both protein and mRNA expression levels of placental FP1 of the pregnant women with different iron status.

CONCLUSION
The expression of both protein and mRNA of FP1 of term placentas was not influenced by different degree of iron status of pregnant women.


Deriving robust gene expression signatures from microarray data that predict response to a given chemotherapeutic treatment has been hindered due to over-fitting of data. To overcome this problem, we have taken the approach to combine genes known to be functionally involved in drug response into a "functional metagene" to predict pathological complete response to treatment in primary breast cancer.Using published functional genomics RNA interference data and microarray datasets we identified 46 genes that alter paclitaxel sensitivity in laboratory cell line models and are also measured by the U133A microarray platform. In order to filter genes into a functional metagene with a putative role in taxane response in breast cancer, we addressed whether the expression of these genes was predictive of pathological complete response in a primary breast cancer clinical dataset treated with taxane, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (TFAC). We identified two genes, TTK protein kinase and aurora kinase B, which showed increased expression in responders, and one gene, glucosylceramide synthase, which showed decreased expression in responders (P 0.7, all 3 genes). We then combined these three genes into a functional metagene which we tested in a validation clinical trial cohort that had also received TFAC. We found that the functional metagene robustly predicted pCR in the validation clinical trial cohort (P Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2032.


The paper gives a preliminary account of a more extensive study (Römer, 2005) of the use of progressive forms (e.g. 're looking, in "let's say we're looking at carbonates") in huge collections of spoken British English and in a small corpus of 'spoken-type' texts from German EFL textbooks. The starting point for this data-driven approach is an examination of 100 high-frequency present participle forms. As a concrete example, the results of a detailed analysis of one of these participles, the lexical item looking, its different functions and semantic and syntactic contexts, will be presented. The investigation focuses on the differences observed between English as it is used in natural communicative situations and the type of English pupils are confronted with in a foreign language teaching context. It is argued that if linguists, teachers, and textbook writers aim at achieving a greater degree of naturalness or authenticity in English language teaching, corpus evidence must be taken more seriously and further comparative analyses like the one reported on in this article have to be carried out.


Insecticide Resistance Management strategies have been formulated with several cost effective, ecofriendly novel approaches and rotation of insecticides based on resistance data for managing the pest complex for stabilizing the cotton ecosystem and improv- ing the social economic status of the cotton growers. Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies for managing cotton pest complex revealed that sucking and bollworm complex was lower in IRM fields compared to non IRM fields. The strategic positioning of insecticides coupled with ecofriendly technologies led to abundance of natural enemies in cotton ecosystem in IRM fields, while the incidence of these insects was lower in non IRM fields due to insecticidal sprays. Farmers by adopting IRM strategies realized higher net returns by saving in plant protection cost due to less number of insecticidal sprays and increased seed cotton yield.


This study attempts to explore the impact and relationship of social responsibility on the success of the selected manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka as a longitudinal study. It also identifies the most sensitive and critical factors of the pressing social issues on social responsibility. In this process six pressing social issues of economic, personal, product, environment, discrimination and community involvement were considered. Required data were gathered through a questionnaire and handbook of selected manufacturing companies. Success of each company was measured by the return on investment (ROI) of the company. Statistical techniques such as, simple and multiple regression analysis, principle component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify the relationship between the success of companies and social responsibility. The analysis shows that a significant positive relationship between the success of the selected companies and the level of social responsibility which replicate the findings of the original study. However, the economic and the personal issues were the most critical factors of the social responsibility with regard to this study. Keywords: Discretionary Responsibility, Pressing Social Issues, Social Responsibility For full paper: email@example.com


According to the Swedish curriculum, equality in the classroom has to be practised at all levels of the educational system. What equal learning conditions mean can of course be interpreted in different ways. Giving all pupils the same instructions can be one way of seeing it, giving more help to those who do not understand as quickly another. My interpretation of the Swedish curriculum is that teaching should be differentiated so that all pupils can more easily reach a certain level of competence.


Exposure to toxic chemicals--in the workplace and at home--is increasing every day. Human behavior can be affected by such exposure and can give important clues that a person or population is in danger. If we can understand the mechanisms of these changes, we can develop better ways of testing for toxic chemical exposure and, most important, better prevention programs. This volume explores the emerging field of neurobehavioral toxicology and the potential of behavior studies as a noninvasive and economical means for risk assessment and monitoring. Pioneers in this field explore its promise for detecting environmental toxins, protecting us from exposure, and treating those who are exposed.


In this paper the penetration of three different varnishes employed in caries prevention (Duraphat, Fluor Protector and Cervitec) into demineralized dentine is quantified using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the varnish penetration into lesions about 85 microns in depth if for Cervitec about 35 microns and considerably less for Duraphat and Fluor Protector. The penetration is into the dentinal tubules and is influenced by dentinal tubule direction. The drying procedure--pretreatment of the dentine--influences the penetration, though sizeably only for Cervitec applications. This paper shows that varnish penetration into the tissue and presumably 'sealing' tubules completely or partly is valuable with respect to root caries prevention and hypersensitivity.


The effect of fast neutron damage on the energy resolution and the full energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of a 157 cm3 coaxial HPGe detector is studied. When the detector is subjected to approximately 5*108 fast neutrons, the energy resolution deteriorates from 1.85 keV to 11.65 keV at 1332 keV. The FEPE decreases by approximately 28% at 80.997 keV and approximately 8% at 1332 keV with a dose of approximately 4*108 fast neutrons. With the same dose of fast neutrons the total detection efficiency decreases by approximately 13%, and the peak to Compton ratio (for 1408.03 keV 152Eu peak) reduces to 11.7 from its original value of 70.6.


Summary The antibacterial and antifungal properties of ethanolic extract of Callistemon linearis leaf was screened against different pathogenic bacteria and fungi namely, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pyogenes,Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes,Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans, Aspergillus aegyptiacus, by using disc diffusion method employing Ampicillin and Amphotericin-B as standard disc. The extract showed significant activity against maximum bacteria which is comparable with standard Ampicillin effect and moderate activity against fungal strain which is also comparable with standard Amphotericin-B.


Sweeteners are presently largely consumed all over the world, essentially aspartame (North America, Europe) and stevia (South America, Asia). Aspartame has a pleasant taste but present some adverse effects; stevia has very few adverse effects but has not the sweetest taste. Using ants as biological models, we here examined if a 0.123% solution of stevia/aspartame 91/9 might have both a pleasant taste and nearly no adverse effects. We found that it did not change the ants' food consumption while aspartame increased it and stevia slightly decreased it. It did not affect their locomotion, precision of reaction and response to pheromones as aspartame did. It did not increase their audacity as aspartame largely and stevia somewhat did. It did not affect the ants' brood caring behavior and cognition as aspartame did, and it did not impact the conditioning ability and memory as aspartame drastically and stevia slightly did. Confronted to sugar water and a stevia/aspartame 91/9 solution, the ants equally drunk the two solutions, while having the choice between aspartame and sugar, they soon nearly exclusively chose the sugar, and while in presence of stevia and sugar, the ants progressively chose the sugar. Very probably aspartame enhanced the taste of stevia, and as the latter contains a true glycoside, a stevia/aspartame 91/9 solution did not affect the ants' physiology and ethology as pure aspartame did. In front of sugar and a stevia/aspartame ca 96/4 solution, the ants chose the sugar. Thus, a 0.123% solution in which 9% aspartame (and no less) is mixed to 91% stevia (and no more) appears to constitute a safe and tasty sweetener which could be used instead of solutions containing only aspartame or stevia.


Purpose: Comparison of Epidural irrigation with Bupivacaine, Triamcinolone and Buprenorphine in one group with Triamcinolone and Buprenorphine in one group for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing Lumbar Discectomy Surgery. Methods: A prospective single blind randomised controlled study for 60 ASA I and II adult patients scheduled for elective herniated lumbar discectomy under general anesthesia. All patients involved in the study were diagnosed to have Intervertebral lumbar disc prolapse with neural compression. Pain scores with the visual analogue scale, time required for demand of first parenteral analgesic and side effects were assessed during the postoperative period. The epidural space was applied topically over the nerve root prior to closure with 1 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine, 40 mg Triamcinolone, 300mcg Buprenorphine (3 drug cocktail) in group I (n = 30) and 40 mg of Triamcinolone & 300 mcg of Buprenorphine (2 drug cocktail) in group II (n = 30). A blinded investigator assessed the post-operative pain using a 0-10 point Visual Analogue Scale (0-no pain, 10-unbearable pain). Significant pain was indicated by VAS > 5 and used as a cut off point for rescue analgesia with Tramadol 50 mg IV. Both the groups were compared for rescue analgesia time from wound infiltration to time of administration of first dose of Tramadol and total consumption of Tramadol in 24hrs. Results: Mean VAS scores were similar in both group I as compared to group II. Patients treated with infiltration of Epidural space with Triamcinolone and Buprenorphine had similar effect to epidural infiltration with Bupivacaine, Triamcinolone and Buprenorphine in control of pain at 24 hours post-surgery. However the pain control immediately post surgery upto 12 hrs was much significant in patients who received cocktail of 3 drugs. Patient requiring rescue analgesia was significantly higher in those who received 2 drug cocktail. Conclusion: Epidural Irrigation with Buprenorphine-Triamcinolone and Bupivacaine-Triamcinolone-Buprenorphine provided similar pain relief at 24hrs post-surgery. Pain control immediately post surgery upto 12 hrs was much significant in patients who received cocktail of 3 drugs. Both of the combination of which can effectively control the post-operative pain in patients undergoing lumbar discectomy and minimise the use of IV opioids and thus their systemic side effects.


bright blood. There were no symptoms or signs otherwise. The temperature: (as usual) was quite normal. There was no renal or vesical pain or tenderness. The urine was moderately acid to litmus, conitained a cloud of albumin, and no sugar. A slight ketosis was present. Microscopically there were very numerous red blood cells, but no epithelial or blood casts. Successive specimens of urine passed during the day showed a rapid progressive diminution in the amount of blood in the urine. At 6 p.m. on the same day the specimen was practically normal to the naked eye, but a haze of albumin was present, together with a few red blood cells. The blood pressure was 105/ 60. Two days later the urine was quite free from albumin, and no abnormal elements were present mieroscopically. The boy went home a few weeks later, and no further haematuria occurre,


The aim of this analysis was to provide an update on the current trend in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for adult recipients in the model of end stage liver disease (MELD) era in Germany and to encourage a wider implementation of LDLT. We descriptively analysed the data of LDLTs in Germany from 15 December 2006 to 31 December 2009 using a multi‐center retrospective analysis via a questionnaire and data provided by Eurotransplant. Ten German centers performed LDLTs in adults. Eighty four transplantations in 50 male recipients and 34 female recipients were performed during the review period, ranging from 1 to 16 LDLTs per center. Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis (15/84) was the most common transplantation indication. The recipient mean lab‐MELD score was 15 (±8). Six re‐transplantations were necessary after initial LDLTs. The 1‐year patient survival was 81%. We obtained data of 79/84 donors. The incidence of complications was 30.4% (n = 24). There were no grade 5 complications according to the Clavien classification. LDLT is an established treatment option that may reduce the waiting time, provides high quality split liver grafts and should be advocated in the MELD era to reduce organ shortage and 'death on the waiting list'.


This thesis describes the development of two unique phenomena. In the first part of this thesis I address to deal with the folk wooden lathed toy and it´s potential theatrical use, the second part is dedicated to family puppet theatre as a challenge for the stage designer. I try to make clear some historical and technical context of these two sources of inspiration. I am also interested in some connections between these two themes. One of this relation is the woodturning technique, which was used by puppet-makers as well as toy-makers. The final part of my work is a description of creative process of my authorial fairy tale About a Little Girl and a Little Boy and a prototype of New Family Puppet Theatre.


The cost of materials and of workmanship have gone so high that it has become almost impossible for a man of modest means to build a house for himself. A major chunk of the total cost of a house is taken up by the roof or floor slab construction. So in order to achieve reduction in cost of buildings, ways and means have to be found to introduce new construction concepts and materials into the building trade. Reinforced brickwork slabs have long been used in place of normal reinforced concrete slabs in our country and are still popular everywhere except in areas where the bye-laws forbid their use. It is generally considered that R. B. Slabs are a cheaper substitute for normal R. C. C. Slabs. But unfortunately the construction is based on the thumb rules and previous similar experience alone, no rational design method is available, and for this very reason certain bye-laws do not permit their use. Described in this paper are the results of a test on a slab panel, fabricated in an unconventional manner using broken brick bats as filler material in slab.


MATERIALS SCIENCE
For stretchable sensors, electronic textiles, and connectors to actuators, it would be desirable to have metal contacts that tolerate large reversible stretching. However, free-standing metal films begin to crack when stretched by only 1%, and those on substrates can be deformed by only a few percent before losing their conductivity.

One way around these limitations is to build some "slack" into the metal films. Lacour et al. adhered gold films to rubbery polydimethyl siloxane substrates via a thin intervening layer of chromium. These gold films start off under a compressive stress that creates buckles or wrinkles, and the authors expected that the films could be lengthened by only a small amount before cracks would appear and electrical resistance would increase. Unexpectedly, the resistance increased linearly up to a strain of about 8%, at which point small cracks began to appear along the edges of the films. At a strain of 15%, cracks spread across the width of the films, but the resistance stayed finite until a strain of almost 23%. The authors suggest that a conductive layer, one atom thick, remained at the bottom of the fissures.— MSL

Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 , 2404 (2003).


Pulse shaping OFDM systems based on offset QAM (OFDM/OQAM) are particularly attractive for wireless high-data-rate applications. Since OFDM/OQAM schemes do not employ a cyclic prefix, equalization has to be performed. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for blind channel identification in pulse shaping OFDM/OQAM systems. Our approach assumes that the receiver knows the transmitter pulse shaping filter. Exploiting cyclostationarity of the received OFDM signal blind channel identification is accomplished using second-order statistics only. The proposed method exhibits low noise sensitivity, is computationally efficient, and does not require knowledge of the channel order. Finally, we provide simulation results demonstrating the performance of the new algorithm.


The widespread practice of Online Social Networking leads to the diffusion of trending information and exchanging various opinions with socially connected people online. Social media steams data extracted from Social Networks has become a vital communication tool and also turn up as an eventual informative platform to catch real human voices at the time of emergency events like disaster. An effective underlying quantification model is proposed in this paper which uses change point detection algorithm to detect events based on the relative streaming tweet density - ratio respectively. A morphological time-series analysis is carried out determine the dissemination of information about crisis events using Information Entropy. Further, the Event - Link ratio (ELR) is estimated to obtain meaningful patterns in events been identified. This paper focus to empirically quantify the information dissemination of the events based on user's tweeting activities. The proposed quantification method is compared with state-of-art techniques in terms of event detection rate, the entropy of information spread. It is found that the accuracy of the proposed method is up to 94% with event detection after 75 seconds. K-Center Clustering (KCC) is used which results in the location detection accuracy of 85%.


This thesis first examines the interplay among natural resources, the institutions and economic growth, and then deals with the effects of tax policies, with a special focus on the effects of flat income taxes and legislated tax changes. Chapter 2 focuses on the interplay among resource abundance, institutional quality, and economic growth in China, using two different measures of resource abundance, and employs various econometric approaches including a panel-data time-varying coefficient model. Chapter 3 studies which factors have determined the adoption of fl at income taxes and whether these taxes have been effective in raising revenue. On the basis of a panel dataset, an adoption equation and a revenue equation is estimated separately. Chapter 4 empirically investigates the behavior of the credit spread over the business cycle, and studies the relationship between the fiscal stimulus and the credit spread. This chapter first uses a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model. To avoid omitted variable bias and limited information in SVAR model, we also use a factor augmented vector autoregressive (FAVAR) model, effectively combining the narrative and recursive approaches for identification of exogenous tax changes. To see if the U.S. experience applies in other countries, we make a comparison between the U.S. and U.K.


A noninvasive methodology, combining functional electrical stimulation and time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS), is developed to verify whether stroke-altered muscular metabolism on postacute patients. Seven healthy subjects and nine postacute stroke patients undergo a protocol of knee flex-extension induced by quadricep electrical stimulation. During the protocol, TD-NIRS measurements are performed on both rectus femoris to investigate whether significant differences arise between able-bodied and stroke subjects and between patients' paretic and healthy legs. During baseline, metabolic parameters do not show any significant differences among subjects. During stimulation, paretic limbs produce a knee angle significantly lower than healthy legs. During recovery, patients' healthy limbs show a metabolic behavior correlated to able-bodied subjects. Instead, the correlation between the metabolic behavior of the paretic and able-bodied legs allows the definition of two patients' subgroups: one highly correlated (R>0.87) and the other uncorrelated (R<0.08). This grouping reflects the patient functional condition. The results obtained on the most impaired patients suggest that stroke does not produce any systemic consequences at the muscle, but the metabolic dysfunction seems to be local and unilateral. It is crucial to enlarge the sample size of the two subgroups before making these preliminary results a general finding.


Abstract A new Zn(II)-containing coordination complex [ZnBrL] (1) based on the Schiff base ligand(E)-1-(((3-(piperidin-1-yl)propylidene)amino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol (HL) has been successfully prepared using a slow volatilization method. A mechanical grinding method was applied for preparing the crystalline complex 1 in the nano-region, which was studied by both of the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, its inhibitory effect on ARH-77 human leukemia cells were evaluated. First, the Cell Counting Kit-8 detection kit was used to detect the influence of nano 1 on the cell viability. Next, the cell colony formation assay was conducted for the determination of the cell proliferation. The trans-well assay was performed to explore the migration and invasion of the cells after nano 1 treatment.


We have designed some laboratory experiments in which concepts of microwave absorption and diffraction are applied to the study of wood. Such studies can be useful in comparing the properties of different kinds of wood and in detecting imperfections in the wood.


Accurate availability and performance analysis are important requirements to guarantee quality of services (QoS) for cloud users. In this paper, we integrate an availability model in overall analytical sub-models of cloud system. Each sub-model captures a specific aspect of cloud centers. The key performance metrics such as task blocking probability and total delay incurred on user tasks are obtained. Our results can be used by an admission control to prevent the cloud center from entering unstable regime of operation. The results also reveal practical insights into capacity planning for cloud computing centers.


The iliopsoas bursa is the largest bursa in the human body. Iliopsoas bursitis causes enlargement of the bursa and may lead to hip pain, groin mass, femoral nerve palsy, or compression of the femoral vein. We reported a case with the iliopsoas bursitis complicating old congenital dislocation of the hip. As not much yet known about the iliopsoas bursitis, it is sometimes misdiagnosed as abcess, inguinal hernia, aneurism, tumor, etc. Treatment is mainly conservative, but surgical treatment may be indicated in case of heavy groin pain or the compression and obstruction of adjacent structures.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Deep brain stimulation electrodes induce massive artifacts on CT images, deteriorating the diagnostic value of examinations. We aimed to investigate the usefulness and potential limitations of a single-energy metal artifact reduction algorithm in head CT performed in patients with implanted deep brain stimulation devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with deep brain stimulation (bilateral, n = 28) who underwent head CT on a 320–detector row scanner and whose images were reconstructed with and without single-energy metal artifact reduction at the examinations were retrospectively included. The severity of artifacts around electrodes was assessed objectively using SDs and an artifact index. Two radiologists subjectively evaluated the severity of artifacts from electrodes, the visibility of electrode localization and surrounding structures, and overall diagnostic confidence on 4-point scales. Background image quality (GM-WM contrast and image noise) was subjectively and objectively assessed. The presence and location of artifacts newly produced by single-energy metal artifact reduction were analyzed. RESULTS: Single-energy metal artifact reduction provided lower objective and subjective metal artifacts and improved visualization of electrode localization and surrounding structures and diagnostic confidence compared with non-single-energy metal artifact reduction images, with statistical significance (all, P < .01). No significant differences were observed in GM-WM contrast and image noise (all, P ≥ .11). The new artifacts from single-energy metal artifact reduction were prominently observed in patients with bilateral deep brain stimulation at high convexity, possibly induced by deep brain stimulation leads placed under the parietal scalp. CONCLUSIONS: Single-energy metal artifact reduction substantially reduces the metal artifacts from deep brain stimulation electrodes and improves the visibility of intracranial structures without affecting background image quality. However, non-single-energy metal artifact reduction images should be simultaneously reviewed to accurately assess the entire intracranial area, particularly in patients with bilateral deep brain stimulation.


This thesis is written to complete my final examination of Hotel Management Bachelor Degree. The purpose of the thesis is to examine about a good kitchen system in daily operational, which is focused in Indonesian Restaurant Anak Depok in Den Dolder. This subject is chosen because Anak Depok is a famous restaurant with fully booked reservation almost every night, but Anak Depok has a problem with their kitchen system, especially the leader in the kitchen who is responsible to organize the kitchen. Qualitative research has been conducted. This qualitative research is divided in two parts. The first part is the literature review about the concept of kitchen system for daily operational. This part is important to give a clear understanding about, kitchen operation and how to deal with it. The second part is an observation, interview and question list to the key person in Anak Depok, who has an important connection with the kitchen department. These two parts will be conducted to get the best understanding about what happen with the kitchen system in Anak Depok, and after that an evaluation and a conclusion is taken to give some input about what should the restaurant do to fixed the problem.


The chemical compositions of the stars in Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxies reveals the history of gas flows and star formation (SF) intensity. This talk presented a Keck/DEIMOS spectroscopic survey of the Fe, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti abundances of nearly 3000 red giants in eight MW dwarf satellites. The metallicity and alpha-to-iron ratio distributions obey the following trends: (1) The more luminous galaxies are more metal-rich, indicating that they retained gas more efficiently than the less luminous galaxies. (2) The shapes of the metallicity distributions of the more luminous galaxies require gas infall during their SF lifetimes. (3) At [Fe/H]< −1.5, [α/Fe] falls monotonically with increasing [Fe/H] in all MW satellites. One interpretation of these trends is that the SF timescale in any MW satellite is long enough that Type Ia supernovae exploded for nearly the entire SF lifetime.


The purpose of the article is to develop strategic directions in the management system of an industrial company in the conditions of uncertainty and instability of the market economy. The authors investigate the genesis of the theory of competitiveness, identify the signs of competitiveness of industrial companies in the short and long term. It is determined that financial and economic indicators, including profitability, financial stability, and financial leverage, play a significant role in the short- and long-term periods. The effect of financial leverage is calculated as a generalizing indicator of financial and economic indicators of competitiveness in Russian industries for 2015-2017, which has a predominantly negative value, which negatively affects the performance of companies. The main reason for this trend in Russia is the high level of financial dependence of companies, low return on assets and high interest rates on loans. Three strategic directions in the management of an industrial company in a volatile economy have been identified and analyzed: development of a corporate strategy of formation and improvement of competitiveness of companies based on innovation, implementation of strategic marketing and a concept of strategic controlling in the management of an industrial company. The priority strategies for ensuring the competitiveness of industrial companies (horizontal diversification, innovation or integrated growth) are identified; strategic marketing tools are proposed to stimulate technological processes in the industrial complex in an unstable economy; the directions of strategic controlling as a practical implementation of deviation management are identified. An approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a corporate strategy based on the size of a gap between the strategic plan and the real capabilities of an industrial company is proposed.


Blood alcohol was determined in 1012 injury victims. It was found that the alcohol involvement (AI) rate was 37% in the total number of patients, 19% in industrial, 38% in traffic, 36% in home, 45% in other freetime accidents, and 69% in the victims of fights, assaults, and suicide attempts. The most common external cause of injury was falling (447 cases) with an AI rate of 38%, while the 172 other nontraffic true accident cases had a rate of 24%. The road and stairs were the usual places of falls while intoxicated. Head injuries had a high (47%) and upper extremity injuries a low (25%) AI rate. Tibial and ankle fractures were also very often associated with alcohol intake. Contrarily to traffic and industrial accidents the slightly injured at home and in other freetime environments had been drinking more frequently than the severely injured. The data suggest that alcohol is a powerful contributing factor in leisure-time injuries. Head and low leg are especially vulnerable in drunken persons. Not only driving but even when walking while intoxicated means taking risks.


Objective A systematic review was conducted to examine effects of indicated interventions to reduce symptoms of secondary traumatic stress (STS) experienced by mental health workers. Method Systematic review methods were employed to search, retrieve, select, and analyze studies that met study inclusion criteria. Results Over 4,000 citations were reviewed, 159 full-text reports were screened, and two studies were fully coded and determined to be ineligible. No studies met criteria for inclusion in this review. Discussion There is compelling evidence of psychological effects of working with trauma victims; however, no rigorous evidence meeting eligibility criteria was found to inform how to intervene most effectively with mental health workers who experience symptoms of STS. While it is important to provide effective interventions to helpers who may be experiencing symptoms related to secondary trauma, it seems apparent that there is yet more we need to do in order to advance efforts in evaluating the outcomes of practices currently being used and under development.


Bullous keratopathy is characterized by corneal stromal edema with epithelial or subepithelial bullae due to cell loss and endothelial decompensation. In more advanced cases, subepithelial fibrosis, formation of a posterior collagenous layer or retrocorneal fibrous membrane, and corneal vascularization can occur. Decreased vision is present because the loss of corneal transparency with symptoms like tearing and pain caused by epithelial bullae that can rupture. Currently, bullous keratopathy is the most common indication for penetrating keratoplasty and regraft. The main etiology is the endothelial cell loss after ophthalmic surgeries as cataract surgery. Cataract affects approximately 20 million people worldwide, and this complication can occur in 1 to 2% of cataract surgeries. This study revised bullous keratopathy etiopathogenesis, clinical and surgical treatment available for this corneal disease.


In this presentation, we will discuss a pilot study (carried out at seven universities across Europe including the Open University and involving more than 300 students) which investigated a prototype online assessment authentication system currently in development by the EU-funded TeSLA project (http://tesla-project.eu, EU H2020 Grant Agreement: 688520). TeSLA (Adaptive trust-based e-assessment system for learning) aims to allow the vast numbers of learners enrolled in online learning programmes to participate in secure online assessment. It uses a range of software technologies to help authenticate learner authorship: voice/face recognition, keystroke pattern detection, anti-plagiarism and writing style (forensic) analysis.


Sixteen cases of parotitis and 2 cases of diabetes mellitus after mumps vaccination have been reported since the introduction of the live attenuated mumps vaccine in the F. R. Germany in the fall of 1976. Due to the post-vaccination incubation of 7 to 10 days, support is given to the assumption that these cases are vaccine induced and not coincidental wild virus infections. The diabetes mellitus cases, however, are too few to be included in this rational.


The composition of materials generally has an influence on its dielectric properties. Hence it may be possible to determine their composition using microwave dielectric spectra. However with complex materials like foodstuffs it is difficult to devise a suitable dielectric model. Therefore multivariate calibration methods are discussed here. With these calibrations it is also possible to process the measured scattering parameters directly. In this case it is not necessary to calculate the permittivity and more degrees of freedom are available for the design of a sensor. The direct processing of the S-parameters is demonstrated with a new transmissionline sensor.


As clinicians and scientists, translation is an important concept. We translate the meaning of words to students, patients, and families. We have been challenged to translate scientific evidence into practice. When publishing consensus definitions, classifications, evaluations, and outcomes, English language nuances across countries and continents must be considered. During meetings of the Taskforce on Childhood Motor Disorders, we spent hours deliberating the optimal words to define various motor impairments, including reduced selective motor control and obtaining consensus among a diverse group of clinicians and researchers – not an easy task. In developing content validity for Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE), we learned that facilitating plantar flexion by coaching a child to move as if they were pushing on a 'gas pedal' was not logical in a country that uses 'petrol'. Balzer et al. translated the English version of SCALE into German for use in the clinical environment. Although, I cannot directly evaluate this translation, the methods used instill confidence in their findings. International guidelines for translation of clinical measures were followed. The authors assessed the validity and reliability of the translated version for children with spastic cerebral palsy for which SCALE was designed. The original published SCALE validation results were supported and expanded. Additional validation was performed using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, which includes evaluation of isolated joint motion. Some limitations were noted. The concentration of participants in Gross Motor Function Classification System level I limits the generalization of their results to children with lower mobility levels. Additionally, this study demonstrated the reliability of scoring but did not address the reliability of administration as all tests were scored from videotaped assessments. Hopefully, the German version of SCALE will fully translate into the clinical environment. As the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, European Academy of Childhood Disability, and the Australasian Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine move toward an international alliance that supports clinicians in developing countries, translation must consider not only the meaning of the words but also the values present in diverse cultures.


The frontiers of epilepsy are many: the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the brain; psychology and psychiatry; pharmacology, sociology, and legal medicine; and the broad borderland of human relations. On each of these fronts some advance is being made. For example, the World Health Organization sponsored a six-day conference in London last October devoted to a discussion of juvenile epilepsy as a problem in public health. Broadly considered, any illness that affects a significant segment of the population, and that may yield to well-directed effort, deserves that resources be pooled for its prevention and control. In the past, public health efforts have been centered on the epidemiology and control of infectious disease. The phenomenal success that has resulted should release efforts for the control of other forms of serious illness. One of these, emphasized by the London conference, is epilepsy. This conference was attended by experts on the subject drawn


In recent years there has been increased interest in outcome-based social policy-making and management. The UK has been in the forefront of this movement but similar movements have been identified internationally. This interest in outcome-based decision-making has been given particular impetus through the 'results'-based movement in evaluation and performance management since the 1980s, which has increased in scope over time, slowly changing its emphasis from cost reduction and measuring outputs to measuring outcomes. This change has been widely welcomed by policymakers, practitioners and academics. However, there is evidence that the reality is often rather less than the rhetoric. Moreover, the 'attribution problem' of attributing changes in outcomes to specific social policies has remained a major issue. The conceptual solution of constructing 'cause-and-effect' models, imported from the policy evaluation field, has only recently become common for operationalising these models. This article outlines the evolution of interest in outcome-based social policy-making up to recent times and the growing realization of the importance of the attribution problem. It then outlines both how the 'cause-and-effect' policy modelling approach can partially tackle the attribution problem, but also its inherent limitations. Lastly, the article uses several case studies in current UK social policy-making to demonstrate the potential importance of the reasoning embedded within cause-and-effect models but also the dangers in policy-making which adopts this approach without understanding its conceptual basis or in fields where it is inappropriate, given the current state of our knowledge of social policy systems.


Magnetisation, thermal expansion and forced volume magnetostriction of amorphous R0.2Fe0.8(R identical to Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy and Er) alloys have been measured to make clear the contribution of R elements to both the Fe moment mFe and the magnetovolume effect. The value of mFe in these alloys ranges from 1.6 mu B to 2.3 mu B, depending on the R elements. All R0.2Fe0.8 alloys show an Invar property. The forced volume magnetostriction at about Curie temperature shows the same R dependence of the mean magnetic moment m. The local environmental effect on the Fe moment in the amorphous state is discussed in comparison with the corresponding crystalline R-Fe compounds.


This work is focused on the material migration into gaps between tiles and into castellation grooves on plasmafacing components from JET: water-cooled Mk-I divertors and belt limiter blocks. The essential results are summarised by the following: (i) co-deposition occurs up to a few cm deep in the gaps between the Mk-I tiles; (ii) fuel inventory in the the CFC tiles gaps exceeds that on plasma-facing surfaces by up to a factor of 2; (iii) in gaps between the beryllium tiles from the inner divertor corner and in belt limiter the fuel content reaches 30% of that on plasma-facing surfaces, whereas in the grooves of castellation in Be the fuel content is less than 3.0 % of that found on top surface; (iv) fuel inventory in the castellation of the Be divertor and limiter tiles is strongly associated with co-deposition of carbon. Implications of these results for a next-step device are addressed and the transport mechanism into the gaps is briefly discussed. The results presented here suggest that in a machine with non-carbon walls in the main chamber (as foreseen for ITER) the material transport and subsequent fuel inventory in the castellation would be reduced.


The December issue of Breathe focuses on systemic diseases involving the lung: read the introductory editorial by Chief Editor @ClaudiaCDobler https://bit.ly/2JtC6NG


This research is the development (research and development) which aims to develop a digital book (e-book) based flipbook for courses in Accounting Computer. This study design was used Borg and Gall (1983) which has been modified by an analysis of needs, planning and development of teaching materials, expert validation, revision, field trials to produce the final product, product refinement and dissemination of research. Research was conducted on student of public universities in East Java who have been or are taking computer courses accounting. Validation is done by one person as an expert lecturer matter and one lecturer as an instructional media. After going thourgh a series of validation test and expert, resulting flipbook - based textbooks are packaged in compact disk which will be distributed to student and faculty. Expert validation result show that this flipbook based digital book has met the criteria of "very decent" to be used as a media of teaching and learning are used in computer accounting course.  Keyword: digital media, flipbook, learning material


A novel class of ligand systems possessing a six-membered N-heterocyclic iminato [perimidin-2-iminato (PrRN, where R = isopropyl, cycloheptyl)] moiety is introduced. The complexation of these ligands with early actinides (An = Th and U) results in powerful catalysts [(PrRN)An(N{SiMe3)2}3] (3–6) for exigent insertion of alcohols into carbodiimides to produce the corresponding isoureas in short reaction times with excellent yields. Experimental, thermodynamic, and kinetic data as well as the results of stoichiometric reactions provide cumulative evidence that supports a plausible mechanism for the reaction.


In this paper we report on a two-year study to estimate the Ne/O abundance ratio in the gas phase of the local interstellar cloud (LIC). Based on the first two years of observations with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer, we determined the fluxes of interstellar neutral (ISN) O and Ne atoms at the Earth's orbit in spring 2009 and 2010. A temporal variation of the Ne/O abundance ratio at the Earth's orbit could be expected due to solar cycle-related effects such as changes of ionization. However, this study shows that there is no significant change in the Ne/O ratio at the Earths orbit from 2009 to 2010. We used time-dependent survival probabilities of the ISNs to calculate the Ne/O abundance ratio at the termination shock. Then we estimated the Ne/O abundance ratio in the gas phase of the LIC with the use of filtration factors and the ionization fractions. From our analysis, the Ne/O abundance ratio in the LIC is 0.33 ± 0.07, which is in agreement with the abundance ratio inferred from pickup-ion measurements.


The article studies specific features of organization of accounting of the cost of bread production. Considered costs by cost center, by types of products, works, services and types of costs, which in turn are divided into expenses according to cost items and costs by cost components.


Recently, the camera systems becomes more available for mobile robots. But scene analysis for generating control signals is still difficult and consumes large computational power. For this problem, the control method which generates the control signals directly from the raw camera images will be effective. In this paper, we use the reinforcement learning using the camera image as input data. For the division of the states represented with camera images, self organizing map is introduced. The division of the states and learning of the control signal using reinforcement learning are executed simultaneously on the map. For examining the performance of this algorithm, we made the simulation system with Graphical User Interface using OpenGL.


The potency of newly developed bispyridinium compound K203 and its fluorinated analog KR-22836 in reactivating tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and reducing tabun-induced lethal toxic effects was compared with commonly used oximes (obidoxime, trimedoxime, the oxime HI-6) using in vivo methods. Studies determining the percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase in rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of K203 is higher than the reactivating efficacy of its fluorinated analog KR-22836 as well as currently available oximes studied. The therapeutic efficacy of the oxime K203 and its fluorinated analog corresponds to their potency to reactivate tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. According to the results, the oxime K203 is more suitable than KR-22836 for the replacement of commonly used oximes for the antidotal treatment of acute tabun poisoning due to its relatively high potency to counteract the acute toxicity of tabun.


Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous, diffuse and highly infiltrating by nature. Despite wide surgical resection and improvements in radio- and chemotherapies, the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma multiforme remains extremely poor, with a median survival time of only 14.5 months from diagnosis to death. Particular challenges for glioblastoma multiforme therapy are posed by limitations in the extent of feasible surgical resections, distinct tumor heterogeneity, difficulties in drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and low drug distribution within the tumor. Therefore, new paradigms permitting tumor-specific targeting and extensive intratumoral distribution must be developed to allow an efficient therapeutic delivery. This review highlights the latest advances in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme and the recent developments that have resulted from the interchange between preclinical and clinical efforts. We also summarize and discuss novel therapies for malignant glioma, focusing on advances in the following main topics of glioblastoma multiforme therapy: immunotherapy, gene therapy, stem cell-based therapies and nanotechnology. We discuss strategies and outcomes of emerging therapeutic approaches in these fields, and the main challenges associated with the integration of discoveries that occur in the laboratory into clinical practice.


The motion of an ion in a radiofrequency (rf) Paul trap is described by the Mathieu equation and the associated stability parameters that are proportional to the rf and dc electric field gradients. Here, a higher-order, iterative method to accurately solve the stability parameters from measured secular frequencies is presented. It is then used to characterize an endcap trap by showing that the trap's radial asymmetry is dominated by the dc field gradients and by measuring the relation between the applied voltages and the gradients. The results are shown to be in good agreement with an electrostatic finite-element-method simulation of the trap. Furthermore, a method to determine the direction of the radial trap axes using a "tickler" voltage is presented, and the temperature dependence of the rf voltage is discussed. As an application for optical ion clocks, the method is used to predict and minimize the electric quadrupole shift (EQS) using the applied dc voltages. Finally, a lower limit of 1070 for the cancellation factor of the Zeeman-averaging EQS cancellation method is determined in an interleaved low-/high-EQS clock measurement. This reduces the EQS uncertainty of our [Formula: see text]Sr[Formula: see text] optical clock to [Formula: see text] in fractional frequency units.


This study was performed to determine whether stem bark extract containing saponin of Albizzia julibrissin in the diet influences gonadal maturation and spawning in medaka (Oryzias latipes). The crude extraction containing saponin (HaBC) was partially purified from n-BuOH extraction of A. julibrissin stem bark by Diaion HP-20, Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatographies. We fed diets supplemented with HaBC to medaka. We then studied the effects of the HaBC supplement on the suppression of gonadal maturation and spawning in female medaka that were reared in aquaria with recirculation systems. In the experiment with immature female medaka, the periods of initiation of gonadal maturation and spawning were delayed in the fish that were fed diets supplemented with at least HaBC 20 mg/g-feed. In the experiment with mature female medaka, the fish that were fed diets supplemented with at least HaBC 20 mg/g-feed had lower GSIs than the control diet group did. The results showed that the growth of the immature medaka was not correlated with the amount of supplementation of HaBC in the diet. However, the condition factors (CF) in the medaka that were fed diets supplemented with at least HaBC 20 mg/g-feed were higher than in the medaka fed on the control diet. We concluded that extracts containing saponin from the stem bark of A. julibrissin have the potential to inhibit gonadal maturation in female medaka, but they did not act as growth stimulation. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism of the action.


The clinical management of bacterial biofilm infections represents an enormous challenge in today's healthcare setting. The NIH estimates that 65% of bacterial infections are biofilm related and therapeutic outcomes are positively correlated with early intervention. Currently, there is no reliable imaging technique to detect biofilm infections in vivo and current clinical protocols for accurate and direct biofilm identification are non-existent. In orthopedic implant-associated biofilm infections, for example, current detection methods are based on non-specific X-ray or radiolabeled white blood cell imaging, coupled with peri-prosthetic tissue or fluid samples taken invasively and must be cultured. This approach is time consuming and often fails to detect biofilm bacteria due to sampling errors and lack of sensitivity. The ability to quantify bacterial biofilms by real-time, non-invasive imaging is an urgent, unmet clinical need that would revolutionize the management and treatment of these devastating types of infections. In the present study, we assembled a collection of fluorescently labeled peptide candidates to specifically explore their biofilm targeting properties. We evaluated these fluorescently labeled peptides using various in vitro assays for their ability to specifically and non-destructively target biofilms produced by the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lead candidate that emerged, 4Iphf-HN17, demonstrated rapid biofilm labeling kinetics, a lack of bactericidal activity, and biofilm targeting specificity in human cell infection models. In vivo, fluorescently labeled 4Iphf-HN17 showed enhanced accumulation in biofilm-infected wounds, thus warranting further study.


During the last decade with the rapid increase in indoor wireless communications, location-aware services have received a great deal of attention for commercial, public-safety, and a military application, the greatest challenge associated with indoor positioning methods is moving object data and identification. Mobility tracking and localization are multifaceted problems, which have been studied for a long time in different contexts. Many potential applications in the domain of WSNs require such capabilities. The mobility tracking needs inherent in many surveillance, security and logistic applications. This paper presents the identification of employees in National Technical University in Athens (IE-NTUA), when the employees access to a certain area of the building (enters and leaves to/from the college), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applied for identification by offering special badges containing RFID-tags.


The author has performed radical surgery in 45 patients with carcinoma of the oesophageal gastric junction. The abdominal, abdomino-thoracic and thoracic approach are compared. With regard to later survival, the least favorable results were obtained with the abdominal incision, an approach used in 15 patients, none of them survived 5 years. The abdomino-thoracic incision (25 patients) allowed a good view and enabled radical resection. The 5-year-survival rate in these 25 patients amounted to 16%. The left-side thoracic approach had analogous results.


Abstract Objective: Assess impact and feasibility of a Tobacco-Free Ambassador Program on campus policy compliance. Participants: Trained Ambassadors made 253 visits to campus sites over 15 months to observe and/or approach violators. Methods: Policy violators were observed at 23 locations during Wave 1 (April–June 2012) and/or Wave 2 (April–June 2013). For locations with at least 5 visits, average violators per visit were compared between the 2 waves using a paired t test. Attributes of violators were summarized. Cigarette butts were collected over 3-day periods in 4 campus hotspots during each wave. Personnel time and cost to implement the program were determined. Results: There were declines in observed violators per Ambassador visit and number of cigarette butts over time. Rate of violators per visit declined from 5.47 to 1.93, a 65% decrease. Personnel time was equal to 1.5 full-time equivalents annually. Conclusions: The Ambassador Program was a feasible and potentially effective strategy to increase policy compliance.


This experiment examined delayed self-recognition in 24 2.5-year-old and 24 3-year-old children. Children were marked covertly with a sticker on their forehead while playing a game, after which their photograph was taken. When show this photograph, the 3- but not the 2.5-year-olds reached to remove this sticker reliably. However, the older children reached reliably only when first shown how a recently taken photograph can be used to guide their search for an object in the testing room that was not directly visible to the unaided eye. Implications of the findings in terms of the development of a temporally extended sense of self are discussed.


By Jihad Khan, Computer Engineering; Kyle Oliver, Computer Science
 Advisor: Sean Wu
 Presentation ID: PM_D30
 Abstract: Our project is an application that helps narcoleptic patients stay awake. Using EEG data from a wearable device, our application performs various analysis tasks to make conclusions on the patient's state. When the application senses a change in brain activity that corresponds to falling asleep or drifting off, the patient will be automatically alerted via phone. This way, narcoleptic patients will have a system to ensure they are safely conscious. Currently, we are focusing on narcoleptic symptoms, due to the clear change in brain activity that occurs. In the future, we hope that other behaviors can be detected and acted upon with the use and analysis of biosensor data, specifically EEG data.


During 1980 there was a marked increase in the number of pregnant addicts attending the Drug Advisory and Treatment Centre in Dublin. Nine heroin-addicted mothers were delivered in 1981, compared to only six in the previous eight years. This report described the characteristics of the drug-addicted mother and the effects on the foetus and the new-born infant. The authors suggested that the high failure rate of current management methods pointed to a need for increased awareness of the problem, and to the need for expectant mothers to become involved in an active and organised programme at an early stage. For the purposes of this study, 15 drug-addicted pregnant mothers, 12 of whom were taking opiates, mainly heroin, were examined. Other common drugs of abuse were barbiturates, cocaine, amphetamines and hallucinogens.


Oleic acid is a commercially valuable compound and has many positive health effects. Determining optimum conditions in a physical separation process is an industrially significant point due to environmental and health related concerns. Molecular distillation avoids the use of chemicals and adverse effects of high temperature application. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular distillation conditions for oleic acid to increase its purity and distillation yield in a model fatty acid mixture. For this purpose, a short-path evaporator column was used. Evaporation temperature ranged from 110 to 190℃, while absolute pressure was from 0.05 to 5 mmHg. Results showed that elevating temperature generally increased distillation yield until a maximum evaporation temperature. Vacuum application also affected the yield at a given temperature, and amount of distillate increased at higher vacuums except the case applied at 190℃. A multi-objective optimization procedure was then used for maximizing both yield and oleic acid amounts in distillate simultaneously, and an optimum point of 177.36℃ and 0.051 mmHg was determined for this purpose. Results also demonstrated that evaporation of oleic acid was also suppressed by a secondary dominant fatty acid of olive oil - palmitic acid, which tended to evaporate easier than oleic acid at lower evaporation temperatures, and increasing temperature achieved to transfer more oleic acid to distillate. At 110℃ and 0.05 mmHg, oleic and palmitic acid concentrations in distillate were 63.67% and 24.32%, respectively. Outcomes of this study are expected to be useful for industrial process conditions.


Numerical modelling of tsunami waves has been made for the western coasts of India using TUNAMI N2 code. In this study the fault parameters are considered from earlier published literatures. Bathymetry data and possible tsunami generation locations have been obtained from the ETOPO2 (Global Relief Model) and General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) satellite data. For tsunami run-up the land topography data Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) is used. The present simulation consists of a duration of 6 hours (360 min). Possible arrival time with amplitude at various locations have been estimated. The paper also analyses the changes in the directivity of the generated tsunami waves towards western coasts of India by changing the dip and strike angles as different scenarios. Time series and height along the different parts of Gujarat coast and hourly travel-time chart of the tsunami wave are also discussed. After the earthquake and initial tsunami wave generation, it reaches at all the locations along the Gulf of Kachchh (Gujarat) in nearly 2 hrs to 5.30 hrs with amplitudes from 1 to 2.5 m, Mumbai in around 4.45 hrs with amplitude 2 m, Goa in around 3.08 hrs with amplitude 1 m, Karwar (Karnataka) in around 3.12 hrs and Mangalore in around 3.36 hrs with amplitudes 1 m each. The authenticity of the estimated tsunami phases of the 1945 tsunamigenic earthquake along the MSZ are corroborated with the available reports and published literatures.


The use of a divalent effector molecule improves bispecific antibody (bsMAb) pretargeting by enabling the cross-linking of monovalently bound bsMAb on the cell surface, thereby increasing the functional affinity of a bsMAb. In this work, it was determined if a bsMAb with divalency for the primary target antigen would improve bsMAb pretargeting of a divalent hapten. The pretargeting of a (99m)Tc-labeled divalent DTPA-peptide, IMP-192, using a bsMAb prepared by chemically coupling two Fab' fragments, one with monovalent specificity to the primary target antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and to indium-loaded DTPA [DTPA(In)], was compared to two other bsMAbs, both with divalency to CEA. One conjugate used the whole anti-CEA IgG, while the other used the anti-CEA F(ab')(2) fragment to make bsMAbs that had divalency to CEA, but with different molecular weights to affect their pharmacokinetic behavior. The rate of bsMAb blood clearance was a function of molecular weight (IgG x Fab' < F(ab')(2) x Fab' < Fab' x Fab' conjugate). The IgG x Fab' bsMAb conjugate had the highest uptake and longest retention in the tumor. However, when used for pretargeting, the F(ab')(2) x Fab' conjugate allowed for superior tumor accretion of the (99m)Tc-IMP-192 peptide, because its more rapid clearance from the blood enabled early intervention with the radiolabeled peptide when tumor uptake of the bsMAb was at its peak. Excellent peptide targeting was also seen with the Fab' x Fab' conjugate, albeit tumor uptake was lower than with the F(ab')(2) x Fab' conjugate. Because the IgG x Fab' bsMAb cleared from the blood so slowly, when the peptide was given at the time of its maximum tumor accretion, the peptide was captured predominantly by the bsMAb in the blood. Several strategies were explored to reduce the IgG x Fab' bsMAb remaining in the blood to take advantage of its 3-4-fold higher tumor accretion than the other bsMAb conjugates. A number of agents were tested, including those that could clear the bsMAb from the blood (e.g., galactosylated or nongalactosylated anti-id antibody) and those that could block the anti-DTPA(In) binding arm [e.g., DTPA(In), divalent-DTPA(In) peptide, and DTPA coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or IgG]. When clearing agents were given 65 h after the IgG x Fab' conjugate (time of maximum tumor accretion for this bsMAb), (99m)Tc-IMP-192 levels in the blood were significantly reduced, but a majority of the peptide localized in the liver. Increasing the interval between the clearing agent and the time the peptide was given to allow for further processing of the bsMAb-clearing agent complex did not improve targeting. At the dose and level of substitution tested, galacosylated BSA-DTPA(In) was cleared too quickly to be an effective blocking agent, but BSA- and IgG-DTPA(In) conjugates were able to reduce the uptake of the (99m)Tc-IMP-192 in the blood and liver. Tumor/nontumor ratios compared favorably for the radiolabeled peptide using the IgG x Fab'/blocking agent combination and the F(ab')(2) x Fab' (no clearing/blocking agent), and peptide uptake 3 h after the blocking agent even exceeded that of the F(ab')(2) x Fab'. However, this higher level of peptide in the tumor was not sustained over 24 h, and actually decreased to levels lower than that seen with the F(ab')(2) x Fab' by this time. These results demonstrate that divalency of a bsMAb to its primary target antigen can lead to higher tumor accretion by a pretargeted divalent peptide, but that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the bsMAb also needs to be optimized to allow for its clearance from the blood. Otherwise, blocking agents will need to be developed to reduce unwanted peptide uptake in normal tissues.


Today Cancer is spreading heavily and become the most dangerous disease in the world. This disease causes death if not diagnoses before the major stage. Small changes or illness in the human body may transform to the cancer in the body. The main thing in this disease is it is not easily detected in its earlier stage. So this causes the aim to design a computer operated system that can make distinguish between benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous) mammogram. The proposed system helps doctors to increase the diagnosis accuracy. The above propose system shall be simulated by MATLAB. The ART 1.0 algorithm shall be studied and modified to improve the accuracy of existing ART 1.0 system. The simulation shall be done by obtaining cancer data set from UCI repository. The reason behind choosing ART algorithm because of its characteristic to work on three phases i.e., Recognition, Comparison, Search Phase.  The winning neuron is obtained by finding the dot product of input and weight vector. The neuron having largest dot product be the winner.


Introduction: Adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune-mediated haemorrhagic disorder characterized by excessive platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. ITP patients have a Th1 dominant profile, which was involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) can directly affect cellular or humoral immunity by mediating the cellular cross-talk among T cells, B cells and dendritic cells. Several studies have focused on IL-16 as an immunomodulatory cytokine that takes part in Th1 polarization in autoimmune diseases, but the roles of IL-16 in ITP remain unknown. Treatment with high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) as a single-agent for four days has been widely recognized as the first-line therapy for ITP patients in need of clinical management. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of IL-16 and effect of HD-DXM on IL-16 in ITP.
 Methods: We investigated the differences in IL-16 expression in the bone marrow and peripheral blood between ITP patients and healthy controls by ELISA. The mRNA expression of pro-IL-16, caspase-3 and T-bet in active ITP patients and healthy controls were quantified by real-time PCR. Furthermore, we detected changes in IL-16 concentration and gene expression before and after the 4-day HD-DXM therapy. Bone marrow samples were obtained from 23 patients and 10 healthy bone marrow donors, and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 64 patients (among them, 21 received single-agent HD-DXM therapy, the peripheral blood samples were obtained before HD-DXM therapy and 28 days after HD-DXM administration) and 38 healthy blood donors. Adult primary ITP patients with active disease were enrolled in this study between May 2015 and January 2018 at the Department of Haematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
 Results: The concentration of IL-16 in the bone marrow supernatants and plasma of active ITP patients was significantly higher compared with that of the healthy controls (P < 0.05) (Fig. 1A, B). Gene expression of pro-IL-16 and caspase-3 in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) in ITP patients elevated compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05) (Fig. 2A). Besides, gene expression of pro-IL-16, caspase-3 and T-bet in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in ITP patients elevated (P < 0.05) (Fig. 2B). Among the 21 patients which received single-agent HD-DXM therapy, 18 responded effectively to the HD-DXM therapy according to the standard definition. The post-treatment plasma (n=21) IL-16 level decreased significantly compared with that of pre-treatment level (P < 0.05), and the level of IL-16 in the plasma of ITP patients before and after HD-DXM treatment was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P < 0.05) (Fig. 1C). There was no correlation between IL-16 levels in the bone marrow supernatant or plasma and platelet count (data not shown). In addition, pro-IL-16, caspase-3, T-bet mRNA expression was significantly decreased after treatment with HD-DMX (P < 0.05) (Fig. 2C), although the corresponding values in patients were not statistically higher than those of healthy controls. The correlation between the plasma IL-16 concentration and pro-IL-16, caspase-3 and T-bet mRNA levels was also analysed in ITP patients (n = 21). The results demonstrated that the mRNA levels of the three detected factors were positively correlated with plasma IL-16 concentration (r2 = 0.5846, P < 0.05, r2 = 0.3980, P < 0.05 and r2 = 0.3145, P <0.05 for pro-IL-16, caspase-3 and T-bet, respectively) (Fig. 2D-F).
 Conclusions: ITP is an autoimmune disorder; complex interactions among antigen-presenting cells, T cells and B cells are pivotal to its pathogenesis. Our data suggest that IL-16 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ITP by polarization of Th1. Furthermore, by modulating the abnormal IL-16 level associated with the Th1 imbalance via treatment with pulsed HD-DXM provided us with new insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms for the treatment of ITP. In our future study, we will use an in vitro study system to test and verify if the anti-IL-16 antibody can be used to treat adult ITP.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


ABSTRACT The potential of HPTLC to characterise the essential oils of four sandalwood species was explored for Santalum album, Santalum spicatum, Santalum austrocaledonicum, and Santalum paniculatum. The variation in sandalwood oils for each species was documented and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) band and peak intensity profiles of mix of oils were used to generate a more representative profile. The individual oils of S. album and the pooled sample were quite similar, indicating that this pooled sample represents the oil. The pooled oil sample for S. paniculatum captured the variation observed for the individual oils. However, the band profiles from pooled samples of S. spicatum and S. austrocaledonicum did not always capture the complexity and unique aspects of the individual oils. For all oils analysed, the S. spicatum oils were correctly identified due to a unique pink band at RF 0.71 and distinctive peaks at RF 0.28, 0.45 and 0.47. The HPTLC band and peak profiles of S. album and S. paniculatum oils could easily be distinguished from each other with distinctive peaks at RF 0.51 and 0.17, respectively.


Cloud computing provides a powerful, scalable and flexible infrastructure into which one can integrate, previously known, techniques and methods of Data Mining. The result of such integration should be strong and capacitive platform that will be able to deal with the increasing production of data, or that will create the conditions for the efficient mining of massive amounts of data from various data warehouses with the aim of creating (useful) information or the production of new knowledge. This paper discusses such technology - the technology of big data mining, known as Cloud Data Mining (CDM).


[Introduction] Esophageal cancer is one of the most incurable gastrointestinal diseases. In order to identify more effective therapeutic agents or strategies, the usage of established animal models is important to collect meaningful preclinical data. So far, a few rodent models bearing orthotopic esophageal cancer have been developed. However, high-skilled surgical techniques are necessary in these models and yet reproducibility needs to be improved, resulting in their insufficient popularity in esophageal cancer study. It is important that any novel model can represent clinical features of esophageal cancer progression, such as a loss of body weight and diet intake. In this study, we propose a new experimental animal model which represents clinical features and requires no surgical technique. [Matherials and Methods] TE4, TE8 cell lines and six week-old male BALB/cA-nu/nu mice were used in this study. The 5×106 cells suspension was mixed with Matrigel and injected into an anesthetized mouse. The procedure was as follows; 1) the anesthetized mouse was fixed on the table in a dorsal position, 2) a barrel, which was combined with a 22G needle, was inserted into the esophagus from the mouth, 3) the needle with a syringe containing the mixture of cell suspension and matrigel was then inserted into the barrel slowly, 4) when the needle tip was exposed from the barrel, the tip was thrust through the esophagus wall from the inside, 5) then the cell suspension was injected near the esophagus. These mice were examined for changes of body weight, dietary intake, and survival. For a study with chemotherapy, the tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 2 groups and either 5-FU (20 mg/kg 5 days/week 2 weeks) or PBS as a vehicle (control) was intraperitoneally administered from 7 days after cell injection. [Results] The implanted tumor located near the esophagus and the bronchus had invaded the adventitia of the esophagus in the microscopic observation. Computed tomography and 3-D images imaging revealed that the tumor compressed the esophagus and the bronchus, suggesting that a possible obstruction of the esophagus might occur in the mice. The mice bearing the implanted tumor experienced decreased body weight and food and water intake compared to the control group. The decrease of oral intake appeared to affect their lives, with a poor outcome of the orthotopic tumor-bearing mice in 40 days. 5-FU treatment allowed the mice to continue oral intake of food and water, accompanied with a maintaining of body weight. Treatment with this anti-cancer drug apparently prolonged their survival periods (5-FU treatment: 60.75 days; vehicle only:30.00 days, p [Conclusion] We established a promising new experimental animal model with an orthotopic xenograft of esophageal cancer that can well represent poor oral intake, a major clinical feature of esophageal cancer. This model is useful to make a contribution to clinical practice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4165.


An underfill encapsulant was used to fill the gap between the chip and substrate around solder joints to improve the long-term reliability of flip chip interconnect systems. The underfill encapsulant was filled by the capillary effect. In this study, the filling time and pattern of the underfill flow in the process with different bumping pitch, bump diameter, and gap size were investigated. A modified Hele-Shaw flow model, that considered the flow resistance in both the thickness direction and the restrictions between solder bumps, was used. This model estimated the flow resistance induced by the chip and substrate as well as the solder bumps, and provided a reasonable flow front prediction. A modified model that considered the effect of fine pitch solder bumps was also proposed to estimate the capillary force in fine pitch arrangements. It was found that, on a full array solder bump pattern, the filling flow was actually faster for fine pitch bumps in some arrangements. The filling time of the underfill process depends on the parameters of bumping pitch, bump diameter, and gap size. A proposed capillary force parameter can provide information on bump pattern design for facilitating the underfilling process.


Rn-222 and total helium contained in saline waters and associated gaseous fluids from a series of mud volcanoes occurring along the northeastern border of the Apennine chain (northern Italy) have been determined as possible precursors of local earthquakes. Investigations spanned over about one year (May 1986-May 1987) during which a series of low- to medium-magnitude (M = 3-4.5) local earthquakes occurred with distinct focus. Spike-like Rn anomalies were almost systematically observed a short time (hours to few days) before and after the main shocks. These anomalies were frequently accompanied by slight but significant short-term changes in water chemistry. A unique very strong He anomaly was recorded in coincidence with a shock in an area very close to the focus. The significance of the observed short-term anomalies of Rn and hydrochemical parameters (chlorinity, alkaline earths content) is explained in terms of an upsetting of the equilibrium between two chemically distinct (pellicular and normal) connate waters in confined reservoirs. Pellicular water trapping radiogenic Rn would be abruptly liberated into normal connate water by a tectonic stress change. In most cases, helium seems to be insensitive to seismic events, this probably being due to the shallowness of the foci. The data confirm that mud volcanoes represent very sensitive natural systems for predicting local earthquakes.


The environmental condition has changed after the implementation of the '97' water diversion scheme, and there are still queries regarding the rationality of the water diversion scheme due to the potential difficulty of completing the releasing goal of Zhengyixia section. This paper simulated the implementation of the scheme through a simulation model for water resources allocation in the Heihe River. Then, the rationality of the water diversion scheme was evaluated. Results indicated that, in the current water demand situation, the releasing indicator could not be completed. The releasing indicator could be accomplished under two returning farmland schemes in the midstream, but the irrigation guarantee rate is low and the groundwater is overused. Therefore, there are some irrationalities between the '97' water diversion scheme based on economic, social and hydrologic conditions in the Heihe River in the mid-1980s and the current situation of the Heihe River Basin.


OBJECTIVE
To understand the regulatory mechanism by cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) receptor and transcriptional regulator Clpxoo of expression of endoglucanase gene (engAxoo) in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice.

METHODS
A plasmid to expressclpxoo gene was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli for expression by isopropylthio-beta-D-galactoside (IPTG) induction. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA resin. The binding affinity between purified Clpxoo protein and the promoter of endoglucanase gene (engAxoo-p) was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using fluoresce in (FAM)-labeled probes. The role of c-di-GMP on the binding was also examined.

RESULTS
Under the optimized conditions, Clpxoo was expressed and purified successfully. Mobility shift of engAxoo-p in the presence of Clpxoo was observed, indicating that specific binding occurred between them. Moreover, addition of c-di-GMP molecules in the above reaction system abolished such binding.

CONCLUSION
Once interacting with the signal molecule c-di-GMP, Clpxoo conformational structure may change substantially, which results in inhibition of binding to engAxoo-p; The optimized methods for Clpxoo protein purification and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) can be used for subsequent identification of Clp regulon in a larger scale.


Objective: To evaluate institutionalized elder women's performance in the mini-mental state examination. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 34 elder women who were residents in a long term facility in Curitiba, PR. Data were collected with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Participants had a mean age of 79.82 ± 8.23 and their overall mean score on the MMSE was 16.62 ± 5.60. The mean score of performance among illiterates and literate participants were 14.90 and 19.75 points, respectively. The mean score of performance among participants aged 65 to 79 and participants aged 80 and over were 18 and 15.65 points, respectively. Conclusion: There were a large number of elder women (26.5%) with cognitive impairment. Lower educational level and advanced age were associated with lower scores on the mini-mental status examination.


Previous experimental evidence has suggested the existence of a transient planar state during the transition from a homeotropic state to a focal conic state. This does not appear at first to be physically reasonable. Here we show a quantitative numerical model of this transition that shows the existence of the transient planar state and agrees well with measured data. We compared this simulation with two experimental samples: one with parallel boundary conditions, and one with perpendicular boundary conditions. Both samples had thickness to pitch ratios of 13.9. The agreement of the simulation with the experimental data gives further evidence that the system passes through the transient planar during the transition. Also shown here are preliminary results for the second part of the transition, the transition from the transient planar state to the focal conic state, that suggest a Helfrich-like undulation deformation.


ABSTRACT Standard tests for the rank of cointegration of a vector autoregressive process present distributions that are affected by the presence of deterministic trends. We consider the recent approach of Demetrescu et al. (2009) who recommend testing a composite null. We assess this methodology in the presence of trends (linear or broken) whose magnitude is small enough not to be always detectable at conventional significance levels. We model them using local asymptotics and derive the properties of the test statistics. We show that whether the trend is orthogonal to the cointegrating vector has a major impact on the distributions but that the test combination approach remains valid. We apply of the methodology to the study of cointegration properties between global temperatures and the radiative forcing of human gas emissions. We find new evidence of Granger Causality.


A Study To Assess The Effectiveness Of Mint Paste On Dysmenorrhoea
Among Adolescent Girls At Selected School, Salem.
A Quantitative evaluative approach with quasi experimental research design
was used. 60 samples were selected by non probability convenience sampling
technique 30 adolescents girls with dysmenorrhoea from Govt.Girls Hr.Sec. School,
Kondalampatti as experimental group and 30 adolescent girls with dysmenorrhoea
from Govt.Hr.Sec.School, Mettupatti, Salem as control group. The data were
collected by Dysmenorrhoea Rating Scale and Structured Interview Schedule. After
the pre test 5 grams of mint paste was given for the period of seven days (4 days prior
to menstruation and continued till 3 days during menstruation) to the 30 samples in
experimental group. Post test was done on 7th day for the both experimental and
control group. During pre test in experimental group 19(63.33%) had moderate level
of dysmenorrhoea and 11(36.67%) had severe level of dysmenorrhoea. In control
group 9 (30%) had moderate level of dysmenorrhoea, 21(70%) had severe level of
dysmenorrhoea. During post test in experimental group 19(63.33%) had mild level of
dysmenorrhoea and 11(36.37%) had moderate level of dysmenorrhoea and in control
group 12(40%) had moderate level of dysmenorrhoea and 18(60%) had severe level
of dysmenorrhoea. In experimental group the pre test score on dysmenorrhoea was
23.67±7.25, post test mean score was 15.03±4.93, with a difference of 8.63. In control
group, the pre test mean score was 27.93±5.92 and post test mean score was
27.00±5.58 with a difference of 0.93 which shows that mint paste was effective on
reducing dysmenorrhoea. The 't' value on dysmenorrhoea was 8.80 at P<0.05 level.
Hence the formulated hypothesis H1 was retained. There was no significant
association found between the level of dysmenorrhoea and their selected demographic
variables. Hence the formulated hypothesis H2 was rejected. Hence mint is the safest
and cheapest method of alternative medicine in the management of dysmenorrhoea.


Since the first degree programme in Popular Music opened in 1990, the academic field of higher popular music education (HPME) has grown exponentially in the United Kingdom. The current provision includes 128 programmes offered by 47 institutions including Russell Group universities, specialist conservatoires and private providers. The majority of programmes, however, are found within 'post-92' institutions, reflecting the political and cultural conditions from and challenging which the field has emerged. This article critically appraises the field's emergence within the frames of higher education policy, discourses of employability and widening participation, the high/low culture dichotomy and the dialectic of commerce and art, which has been identified as a perennial issue at the crux of popular music as a cultural phenomenon. It proposes that the field is characterized by dilemmas concerning its nature and purpose, and that the narrative of HPME's emergence might serve as a valuable case study against which other young fields or subject areas might be compared and appraised.


The relationship between use of estrogens and frequency of endometrial cancer is discussed. Many studies show a strong correlation between estrogen use and endometrial cancer. These studies are all retrospective and may have other weak points, but the relationship is so marked and common to all studies that it is difficult to dismiss. The use of estrogen increased from 3 million users to 5 million users from 1970 to 1974. Vasomotor difficulties during the climacterium can be treated with estrogens, but psychic disturbances are not treated as easily. It is suggested that, during estrogen treatment, dosage be kept as low as possible, regular check-ups be given, and vabrasio should be performed once a year. The use of natural unconjugated estrogens should be preferred to other compounds. Insufficient control of patients using estrogens can be worse than "overcontrol" of patients.


The room temperature ESR spectra of the Cr(CN)63- ion embedded in NaCI, KCI, RbCl and KBr single crystals have been registered. The angular variation of the ESR fine structure was carried out in both the (100) and (110) planes. Several paramagnetic centres were distinguished and characterised by g, E and D spin Hamiltonian parameters. The structure of these centres is discussed in terms of different compensational configurations formed by complex ion and two cationic variances. The temperature dependence of the ESR spectra in the 110-300 K range is analysed.


Background: Terlipressin, a long-acting analog of vasopressin, has been used successfully in patients with extremely low cardiac output, but its application in children following open heart surgery is limited. Objective: To describe our experience using terlipressin in children with extremely low cardiac output after open heart surgery. Methods: Records were reviewed of all pediatric patients between January 2003 and December 2005 who had undergone open heart surgery, experienced extremely low cardiac output, and were treated with terlipressin as rescue therapy. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, urine output, and lactate and oxygenation index values were retrieved and analyzed when available. Results: Twenty-nine children who were considered gravely ill despite conventional vasoactive agents received terlipressin as rescue therapy, which rapidly yielded significant improvements in all measured hemodynamic and respiratory indices. Mean ± SD arterial blood pressure increased significantly, from 49 ± 17 to 57 ± 16 mm Hg after 10 minutes (p = 0.004) and to 64 ± 15 mm Hg 24 hours after treatment onset (p = 0.001). Twenty-four hours following terlipressin administration, urine output increased from 1.5 ± 2.1 to 3.0 ± 2.3 mL/kg/h (p = 0.001), the oxygenation index decreased from 16.5 ± 27.9 to 9.5 ± 16.7 in the survivors (p = 0.023), and the inotropic score decreased from 41.9 ± 19.9 to 32.6 ± 18.8 (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Terlipressin caused significant improvement in hemodynamic, respiratory, and renal indices in children with extremely low cardiac output after open heart surgery. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm the drug's safety and efficacy in this population.


Fission yeast heterochromatin is formed at centromeres, telomeres, and in the mating-type region where it mediates the transcriptional silencing of the mat2-P and mat3-M donor loci and the directionality of mating-type switching. We conducted a genetic screen for directionality mutants. This screen revealed the essential role of two previously uncharacterized factors, Clr7 and Clr8, in heterochromatin formation. Clr7 and Clr8 are required for localization of the Swi6 chromodomain protein and for histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, thereby influencing not only mating-type switching but also transcriptional silencing in all previously characterized heterochromatic regions, chromosome segregation, and meiotic recombination in the mating-type region. We present evidence for physical interactions between Clr7 and the mating-type region and between Clr7 and the S. pombe cullin Pcu4, indicating that a complex containing these proteins mediates an early step in heterochromatin formation and implying a role for ubiquitination at this early stage prior to the action of the Clr4 histone methyl-transferase. Like Clr7 and Clr8, Pcu4 is required for histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, and bidirectional centromeric transcripts that are normally processed into siRNA by the RNAi machinery in wild-type cells are easily detected in cells lacking Clr7, Clr8, or Pcu4. Another physical interaction, between the nucleoporin Nup189 and Clr8, suggests that Clr8 might be involved in tethering heterochromatic regions to the nuclear envelope by association with the nuclear-pore complex.


The aim of this study was to produce microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) by simple coacervation method. For PCM KAl(SO4)2.12H2O (Alum) and for coating ethyl cellulose (EtC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were selected. The spherical core particles of 1.25 – 2 mm size were prepared by pan granulation of Alum-water wet pellets. Shell coating was carried out by two different types of coacervation variants. Process I: EtC polymer coacervation was induced from cyclohexane solution reducing the temperature from 81 °C to 25 °C. The polymer shell on the Alum particles surface was incomplete, because during hardening the polymer coatings was shrunken. Process II: Formation of EtC and PMMA shell coating was induced on Alum core surface by solvent change method. The polymer shell was coacervated from their dichloromethane solution by hexane. The water permeability, i. e. the release of Alum was investigated by conductivity measurements.


High speed, high productive drilling system has been developed using high speed and intelligent machining centre. The Intelligent Machining Systems, which have the database for deciding adequate cutting conditions and controlling parameters and adaptive controlling systems, have been developed. The system uses only internal sensors for the signals to monitor the states of cutting and machine. By using newly developed systems the productivity of drilling was increased to 3-5 times.