Background and Purpose—Several investigations have detected evidence of apoptosis in delayed neuronal death, but controversy prevails regarding this point. Recent studies have implicated mitochondria in apoptotic events. To explore relationships between delayed neuronal death and dysfunction of the respiratory chain, we analyzed mitochondrial redox changes in the gerbil hippocampus. Methods—We assessed the mitochondrial redox state in gerbil hippocampus before, during, and at various time points after 5 minutes of forebrain ischemia. The redox state was examined with a low-temperature fluorometer. Fluorescence signals of flavoprotein and NADH were measured, and their fluorescence ratio was calculated as a mitochondrial redox ratio (MRR) equal to flavoprotein/(flavoprotein+NADH). Results—Ischemia increased NADH and decreased flavoprotein signals in all hippocampal areas, but reduction in MRR was greater in CA1 than in other areas of the hippocampus. Immediately after recirculation, MRR recovery was delayed...


To achieve high luminescence white LEDs by UV excited phosphors, this research work presents theoretical results to demonstrate a novel white light LED structure and performance. The main purpose of our work is to solve two issues encountered, one is UV leak and another is low conversion efficiency of phosphors. A photonic crystal or an omnidirectional reflector (ODR) can be used to achieve this goal, as compared with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The advantage of the ODR is that the UV light beam at any incidence can be omni-directionally reflected. In this study, a UV LED with a 380-nm wavelength with RGB phosphors and a photonic crystal with specific function were used. This novel white LED was constructed with an air gap between the phosphors layer and the ODR. Theoretical simulation study shows that the ODR will enhance the white light generation and prevent UV leak from the device. Theoretical simulation shows that a white light LED with an air gap located between the phosphors layer and ODR will have better performance than that without it. The simulation data shows that an ODR is the optimized way to reduce UV leak.


A photonic topological insulator is a structure that isolates radiation in the bulk rather than at the edge (surface). Paradoxically, applications of such an insulator focus on its conducting edge states, which are robust against structural defects. We suggest a tiling photonic topological insulator constructed from identical prism resonators connected to each other. The light beam circulates inside the tiling bulk without propagation. However, we experimentally demonstrate a topologically-protected propagating state due to the disconnected faces of the edge resonators. The investigated state is robust against removing or attaching prism resonators. Moreover, the protection principle is phase-free and therefore highly scalable both in wavelength and resonator size. The tiling is suggested for active topological photonic devices and laser arrays.


Genus Eucalyptus belongs to the family Myrtaceae and consists of more than 900 species, various hybrids and varieties. The major species that are grown in Kenya are Eucalyptus grandis, E. globulus, E. saligna and E. camaldulensis. Most Eucalyptus species are highly dependent on rainfall and this is challenged by climatic changes owing to global warming making it difficult to effectively match the availability of mature trees and the market demand especially for use as power transmission poles. With the widespread availability of other naturally occurring Eucalyptus species such as E. camaldulensis and E. globulus, it becomes important to determine the genetic diversity and to analyze the phenotypic traits of these species for suitability as power transmission poles in order to counter the overdependence on E. grandis. Phenotypic traits investigated included measuring total tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH), while molecular data were obtained from sequencing MatK, rbcL and TrnL-F genes from selected species and evolutionary analyses such as nucleotide substitution rates, base composition disparity indices, evolutionary divergence, nucleotide diversity indices and phylogeny construction were conducted in MEGA 11. Significant differences in DBH and height among Eucalyptus species were observed when the phenotypic data were subjected to ANOVA. In this study, E. robusta, E. paniculata, E. maculata, E. dunnii, E. camaldulensis and E. citriodora are fit to be used as power transmission poles but they are limited by their short height. However, E. tereticornis and E. glaucina have the desired DBH and height and hence can be used as substitutes for E.grandis. Generally, the molecular phylogeny study has shown that the studied Eucalyptus species are closely related and form various monophyletic clades which can be attributed to the short genetic distances, low substitution rates, low nucleotide bias disparity indices and low diversity scores. Further phylogenetic and gene expression studies involving more Eucalyptus species are needed to better understand Eucalyptus phylogeny, and diversity and identify species with similar genetic make-up to that of E. grandis which has been used extensively for the provision of electricity transmission poles.


Neural cell differentiation and maturation is a critical step during central nervous system development. The oligodendrocyte transcription family (Olig family) is known to be an important factor in regulating neural cell differentiation. Because of this, the Olig family also affects acute and chronic central nervous system diseases, including brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and even gliomas. Improved understanding about the functions of the Olig family in central nervous system development and disease will greatly aid novel breakthroughs in central nervous system diseases. This review investigates the role of the Olig family in central nervous system development and related diseases.


In this paper, an interval Type-2 fuzzy logic based pitch angle controller is proposed for fixed speed wind energy system (WES) to maintain the aerodynamic power at its rated value. The pitch angle reference is generated by the proposed controller which can compensate the non-linear characteristics of the pitch angle to the wind speed. The presence of third dimension in the Type-2 fuzzy logic controller (FLC) membership function offers an additional degree-of-freedom in the design of the Type-2 FLC controller to improve the system performance. The applicability of the proposed controller is evaluated by considering a nonlinear simulation model of the WES which is developed and implemented using OPAL-RT real time digital simulator. The results show that the proposed controller offers better performance than the conventional PI and fuzzy logic controllers.


Results are presented of Phase I of a program to design a 2kW high reliability wind turbine for use in remote locations and harsh environments. In phase I of the program, a predecessor of the proposed design was procured and tested in a wind tunnel and in the freestream to observe operational characteristics. An analytical procedure was developed for designing and modelling the proposed variable axis rotor control system (VARCS). This was then verified by extensive mobile testing of pre-prototype components. A low speed three phase alternator with a Lundel type rotor was designed. Prototypes were fabricated and tested to refine calculation procedures and develop an effective alternator with appropriate characteristics. A solid state field switching regulator was designed and tested successfully. All necessary support elements were designed and engineered. A complete analysis of system reliability was conducted including failure mode and effects analyses and reliability, maintenance and safety analyses. Cost estimates were performed for a mature product in production rates of 1000 per year. Analysis and testing conducted throughout the first phase is included.


Abstract This article examines the supposed lack of "humanity" in Woolf's short stories and novels by identifying its source in the sphere of "solid objects" and in the way these "objects" destabilize the coherence of what the western philosophical tradition typically refers to as "subject" (in the Cartesian sense). Referring to Moore's direct realism as well as James's and Mach's radical empiricism, the discussion focuses on specific states of heightened perceptive intensity in which the perceiving subject stumbles on the verge of collapse and "mixes" itself with what it perceives. By considering these limit cases, this paper tries to demonstrate the way in which Woolf's fiction might in fact be understood as illustrative of the process of de-humanizing de-centralization and dispersion of the already fluid consciousness and its blending with the impersonal material objects, resulting in a complete loss of one idea of "the human" (an idea based on the intellectual autonomy and sovereignty of a unified subject) and pointing towards a post-human and post-modern condition in which human becomes defined by the ever-widening circle of its own outside


This article is a synthesis of several works that have addressed the study on the implications for the ways to say and ways to silence the stories in the construction process of the ideas of nation.


The differentiation of natural killer (NK) cells and a subpopulation of NK cells which requires an intact thymus, that is, thymic NK cells, is poorly understood. Previous in vitro studies indicate that double negative (CD4⁻CD8⁻, DN) thymocytes can develop into cells with NK cell markers, but these cells have not been well characterized. Herein, we generated and characterized NK cells differentiating from thymic DN precursors. Sorted DN1 (CD44⁺CD25⁻) CD122⁻NK1.1⁻ thymocytes from Rag1(⁻/⁻) mice were adoptively transferred into Rag1(⁻/⁻)Ly5.1 congenic mice. After intrathymic injection, donor-derived cells phenotypically resembling thymic NK cells were found. To further study their differentiation, we seeded sorted DN1 CD122⁻)NK1.1⁻ thymocytes on irradiated OP9 bone marrow stromal cells with IL-15, IL-7, Flt3L, and stem cell factor. NK1.1⁺ cells emerged after 7 days. In vitro differentiated NK cells acquired markers associated with immature bone marrow-derived NK cells, but also expressed CD127, which is typically found on thymic NK cells. Furthermore, we found that in vitro cells generated from thymic precursors secreted cytokines when stimulated and degranulated on target exposure. Together, these data indicate that functional thymic NK cells can develop from a DN1 progenitor cell population.


3,4-Diarylisoxazole analogues of valdecoxib [4-(5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)-benzensulfonamide], a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of arylnitrile oxides to the enolate ion of phenylacetone regioselectively prepared in situ with lithium diisopropylamide at 0 degrees C. The corresponding 3-aryl-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazoles were easily generated by a dehydration/aromatization reaction under basic conditions of 3-aryl-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-phenyl-2-isoxazolines and further transformed into their benzenesulfonamide derivatives. The biochemical COX-1/COX-2 selectivity was evaluated in vitro by using the human whole blood assays of COX isozyme activity. Three compounds not bearing the sulfonamide group present in valdecoxib were selective COX-1 inhibitors.


We report a theoretical analysis of intrinsic localized modes in a quasi-one-dimensional charge-transfer solid, [Pt(en)2][Pt(en)2Cl2](ClO4)4(PtCl). We discuss strongly non-linear features of resonant Raman overtone scattering measurements on PtCl, arising from quantum intrinsic localized (multiphonon) modes (ILMs) and ILM-plus-phonon states. We show that Raman scattering data display clear signs of a non-thermalization of the lattice degrees of freedom, manifested in a non-equilibrium density of intrinsic localized modes. Adiabatic lattice dynamics is used in a model two-band Peierls-Hubbard Hamiltonian, including a screened Coulomb interaction between neighbouring sites. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized on a finite chain. The calculated adiabatic potential for Peierls distortion of the Cl sublattice displays characteristic non-analytic points, related to a lattice-distortion-induced charge transfer. Possible non-adiabatic effects on ILMs are discussed.


Several of the more popular analytical methods suitable for solid surfaces and thin films are described, viz, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and low and high energy ion scattering. The principle underlying each method is explained, and their main features are discussed with respect to qualitative and quantitative analyses, detection limits, lateral and depth resolution, chemical and structural information, insulator specimens, and sample alteration and destruction.


This paper is focused on multiple supervised machine learning algorithms' performance evaluation in terms of classification accuracy and speed for the blind frequency bands classification into three occupancy classes: white, gray, and black spaces for potential implementation in cognitive radio application. Training and validation data sets consisting of 180 000 samples, including 60 000 samples per class, have been collected in the controlled experiment. Data samples have been generated using a hardware signal generator and recorded on the receiver's front end as the time-domain complex signals. Gray space data samples contain one, two, or three signals modulated into 2FSK, BPSK, or QPSK with symbol rates 10, 100, or 1000 kSymbol/s. White space data samples contain no own generated signals. Black space data samples contain two signals with the symbol rate of 22.5 MSymbol/s and offset +14 MHz and −14 MHz from the central frequency occupying the entire observation band. Training and validation of twenty supervised machine learning algorithms have been performed offline in the Matlab Classification Learner application using the collected data set. Fine decision trees have demonstrated the highest classification accuracy of 87.8 %, the observed classification speed of 630000 Objects/s is also higher than the required 2000 Objects/s. Medium decision trees and ensemble boosted trees have demonstrated 87.5 % and 87.7 % accuracy and classification speeds of 950000 and 230000 Objects/s respectively. Therefore, ensemble boosted trees, and fine and medium decision trees have been selected for the deployment on the target radio application in the scope of future work.


The performance of employees, especially in the health sector in Indonesia in general is still a problem that requires immediate solutions for improvement. many society complain about not yet maximally Hospital services. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of work culture, competence, and compensation on the performance of employees in the environment of Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Lubuk Sikaping, either partially or simultaneously. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with the survey method that uses primary data obtained from the questionnaires. The population in this research is all employees in the environment of Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Lubuk Sikaping which has 250 employees and sampling technique using Simple random sampling which found 72 employees as sample. Those data were analyzed by using simple linear regression analysis and multiple T test, F test, coefficient of determination test, and accompanied by classical assumption test. The results showed that simultaneously the variables of work culture, competence, and compensation have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. The results showed that Partial test the work culture and competence have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, whereas compensation has positive, but not significant effect on employee performance


Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are steadily increasing in Nigeria. Organized screening is still largely unused because of financial and logistical barriers; most CRCs are detected by symptoms. One symptom of CRC is rectal bleeding. This study sought to determine health-seeking behavior and barriers to care in patients with rectal bleeding in Nigeria. This study also surveyed physicians to determine major breakdowns in access to care. Methods The recruitment process for this study involved patients referred for colonoscopy because of rectal bleeding as well as response to a media advertisement for a free colonoscopy. Physicians were recruited at the African Research Group for Oncology meeting. Patient responses were scored on the basis of knowledge of rectal bleeding. The physician questionnaire was supporting information and mainly descriptive in nature. Results A total of 82 patients and 45 physicians participated in this study. Less than 40% of patients knew that rectal bleeding could be caused by cancer. Major barriers to care were resolution of the symptom (42%), no consideration of the bleeding as problematic (40%), and financial constraint (22%). Education was strongly correlated with knowledge of rectal bleeding and health-seeking behavior. Although physicians regularly saw patients with rectal bleeding, most of them provided a differential diagnosis of hemorrhoids and few referred patients for colonoscopy. Conclusion General awareness about the signs of colorectal cancer is lacking. This demonstrates the strong need for patient education programs about this issue. Physicians should also receive additional training on differentiation of a potential cancer diagnosis from something more benign, such as hemorrhoids.


Soybean Mosaic potyvirus (SMV) is highly prevalent in major soybean growing areas of the NWFP. Infected plants exhibited predominantly mosaic and mottling symptoms on leaves and stunted growth due to shortened petioles and internodes. Incidence of the virus ranged from mild to severe infection between 8-72% in areas surveyed. ELISA test further confirmed the incidence of the virus from 7 to 64% in major soybean growing areas of the province, during summer 1997-98. Twelve soybean mosaic virus isolates were collected from soybean crop grown in different areas on the basis of characteristic and distinguishable mosaic and mottling symptoms. Isolates, SMV-S1, S2, S3 from Swat and SMV-P1, P2, P3 from Peshawar were further selected on the basis of severity of symptoms and characterized. SMV-S1, 52, 53 produced severe mosaic on mechanically inoculated soybean (Glycine max) cv. Weber-84, leaf chlorosis and chlorotic local lesions on Phaseolus valgaris and P. lunatus and local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. SMV-P1, P2 and P3 isolates differed from Swat isolates by producing mild mosaic on soybean cv. Weber-84. Isolate SMV-S1 produced severe mosaic, followed by severe mottling, necrosis and occasionally death of plants Weber-84 inoculated with serially diluted sap from infected soybean plants while SMV-P1 caused mild to moderate mosaic symptoms. The dilution end points of both isolates was 11512. Mean A405,,,,, ELISA values of SMV-S1, 52 and S3 was 1.919 and of SMV-P1, P2 and P3 was 1.377, respectively, after overnight incubation of antigen with substrate solution at 4°C. Among these isolates, SMV-S1 showed maximum A405,in values (1.987) followed by SMV-P1 (1.477), respectively.


In this paper, we tackle the problem of link adaptation in closed-loop turbo coded multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems with non-linear turbo receivers performing iterative linear minimum mean-square error (soft) interference cancellation (LMMSE-IC) and turbo decoding. The proposed link adaptation scheme relies on a low rate feedback and operates joint spatial precoder selection (e.g., antenna selection) and modulation-coding scheme selection so as to maximize the average rate subject to a target block error rate constraint. The paper first revisits in detail the architecture of the whole turbo receiver, then presents a semi-analytical performance prediction method to analyze its evolution through the stochastic modeling of each of the components. Based on this PHY-layer abstraction, average predicted and simulated throughputs are shown for different communication scenarios.


Tax revenue should be increased through the level of taxpayers' compliance since tax is one of economic resources of this country. This research aims to determine the effects of taxpayers' understanding and tax penalty on taxpayers' compliance in KPP Karees Bandung. The research was conducted in KPP Pratama Karees Bandung at Jln H. Ibrahim Adjie No. 372 Bandung. The 100 respondents in this research are individual taxpayers. Based on the calculation results of multiple determinations coefficient, it can be seen that there is contribution amounted to 58.5% of the independent variables (taxpayers' understanding and the tax penalty) in explaining or predicting the dependent variable (taxpayers' compliance). Based on the results of F-test, it shows that Fhitung > Ftabel (150.180 > 2.29). It can be concluded that taxpayers' understanding and the tax penalty simultaneously affect the taxpayers' compliance. Therefore, a hypothesis is proposed that "there is an effect on taxpayers' understanding and the tax penalty in taxpayers' compliance.


Physical and mechanical properties of continuous carbon or glass fiber reinforced endodontic posts are relevant to increase the retention and resistance of the tooth-restoration system. Hollow posts have been recently designed for delivering the luting cement through the post hole, thus enhancing the post-dentin interface by reducing the risk of air bubbles formation. Methods: Three type of endodontic posts, a carbon fiber hollow post, a glass fiber hollow post and a compact glass fiber post were investigated. Mechanical properties of these posts were assessed through bending tests. Teeth were subjected to fatigue cycling and the strength of restored teeth was detected through static tests. Failure modes were investigated through optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that composite posts increase the mechanical stability by more than 100% compared to premolars restored with particulate composite. Carbon fiber posts retain the highest strength (1467 N ± 304 N) among the investigated post and core restoration, but an unfavorable type of fracture has been observed, preventing the tooth re-treatment. Instead, more compliant posts (i.e., glass fiber reinforced composite, providing a strength of 1336 N ± 221 N), show a favorable mode of fracture that allows the re-treatment of teeth in the case that failure occurs. Glass fiber hollow posts show a good trade-off between strength and a favorable type of fracture.


Worldwide, cervical intraepithelial dysplasia common lesions in adult women, particularly after the age of 30 years. The high grade lesions are considered as premalignancy and could give raise to in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterian cervix. These cancerous transformations significantly can be reduced by screening program of the cervix, including: cytological examination of the cervix, HR-HPV test, and colposcopy. women with cervical cytology that showed morphology of intraepithelial dysplastic changes, especially high grade lesions, HR-HPV test should be done for these women. High prevalence of HPV infection will not predicate the risk of malignant transformation in these affected women, thus additional triage test, including immunochemical markers for transformed cells can be used to detect women need further evaluation, follow up and treatment.In current study, p16/Ki-67 dual biomarkers staining, were used for cytological smears to detect dysplastic cellular changes and can improve the diagnosis of pre-malignant lesions and squamous cells carcinoma. Aim of the study: To identify the role of p16/ki-67 dual immunostaining in predicting the presence of significant cervical lesions in women with mild cellular atypia. Patients and method: A prospective study of 214 women, with average age 38 years, over a period of January 2018 to December 2019, in Bagdad city. Women were referred from private gynecological clinics to private Al-Baraa lab and Lab of Dr. Inas Abd Al Majed Rasheed. All cervical cytological smears of the patients that were showed dysplastic changes, were submitted for HR-HPV-detection (by PCR), and p16/ki-67 dual biomarker of cytology followed by colposcopy-guided biopsy were done for 62 women.


Modeling the propagation of hydraulic fractures is a complex problem that involves solving the equations that describe the intimate coupling between the cracked and porous solid phase and the fracturing fluid that drives the process according to established crack extension criteria. Most of the existing computational techniques become prohibitively expensive if applied to three-dimensional configurations, especially those involving multiple fractures because their accuracy relies on extremely fine discretizations of the geometry. These include the standard finite element method and standard displacement discontinuity method, which require substantial mesh densities in the vicinity of the crack front to capture the complex nature of the singular fields associated with fluid-driven cracks. Models have recently been proposed that offer sufficient accuracy and a significant increase in computational efficiency. These include the enhanced pseudo-3D model that explicitly incorporates a non-local elasticity relation and known crack-front asymptotic solutions that capture the multiscale near-front behavior. Here, we present an enhanced pseudo-3D model for simulating the propagation of multiple planar and nonplanar hydraulic fractures in a linear elastic medium. The algorithm is built on a fixed mesh with an adaptive tip element, and it incorporates leak-off, as well as stress interaction between the fractures. The model is validated against reference solutions of plane strain, radial, and multi-planar fracture geometries, for various sets of parameters that cover the majority of the problem parametric space.


Insulin detemir (NN-304) is a soluble, long-acting insulin analog being developed by Novo Nordisk for the potential treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes. As of February 2003, Novo Nordisk was expecting both US and EU approval in the first half of 2004. In December 2002, Novo Nordisk submitted an NDA to the FDA and an NDS to the Canadian Biologics & Genetics Therapeutic Directorate for the approval of insulin detemir for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.


The authors report their 15-year experience with primary total hip arthroplasty using collarless, tapered, porous-coated femoral stems (Trilock and Taperloc) in patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and in octogenarians. Excellent clinical results were achieved in all groups at latest followup. For the patients with Trilock stems, Taperloc stems, and patients who were octogenarians and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Charnley pain scores were 5.6, 5.5, 5.7, and 5.7; Charnley function scores were 5.2, 5.1, 4.2, and 5.3; Harris hip scores were 92, 92, 82, and 93 points, respectively. There was a 2% rate of thigh pain with the Trilock, 4% with Taperloc, 4% in octogenarians, and 2% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In 96% of the patients in the Trilock group, in 100% of the patients in the Taperloc group, in 100% of the patients who were octogenarians, and in 100% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, femoral components showed radiographic evidence of bone ingrowth. There were six (12%) femoral component revisions in the Trilock group (all secondary to nonmodularity of the component at the time of acetabular revision), one femoral component revision in the Taperloc group and no femoral component revisions in the patients who were octogenarians or who had rheumatoid arthritis. Design features (collarless tapered wedge fit, circumferentially porous-coated) virtually ensure bone ingrowth and are thought to be responsible for the excellent clinical results and longevity.


Objective To evaluate the hypertensive effects of etoricoxib and diclofenac relative to baseline hypertension risk factors in arthritis patients. Methods Multivariate analysis of data from the Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long-term (MEDAL) study (n = 23 504). We evaluated risk factors for change in systolic blood pressure (BP) (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) at 4 months versus baseline; exceeding predefined limits of change (PLoC) in BP anytime during the study; and the effect of concomitant antihypertensive class on SBP and exceeding SBP PLoC. Results Increased SBP was most highly associated with history of hypertension (+3.04 mmHg; P < 0.0001), as were increased DBP (+1.28 mmHg; P < 0.0001), and exceeding DBP PLoC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; P < 0.0001]. Exceeding SBP PLoC (OR = 1.50; P < 0.0001) was most highly associated with age at least 65 years. Etoricoxib (vs. diclofenac) was also significantly associated with increased SBP (P < 0.0001), DPB (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.0015), and exceeding SBP PLoC (P < 0.0001 to P = 0.002). Compared with no antihypertensive medication, background calcium channel blockers (CCB) were associated with a small, nonsignificant decrease in SBP (−0.60 mmHg) and no increased odds of exceeding SBP PLoC [OR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.71, 1.42)]. All other antihypertensive classes were associated with either no change or numerically or statistically significantly increased SBP and increased odds of exceeding PLoC. Conclusion History of hypertension and age at least 65 years were most strongly associated with increased BP. Treatment with etoricoxib vs. diclofenac was also a significant factor for increased BP. CCBs appear to maintain antihypertensive effects with concurrent NSAID therapy better than other examined antihypertensive drug classes.


The article contains information about applying bio-engineering potential of the natural origin polymer systems, based on biodegradable polysaccharides, for the wound treatment. The unique biological and physicochemical properties of polysaccharides is a promising direction for atraumatic, controlled restoration of the damaged tissues with extensive acquired defects.


Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is the first thyroid hormone transporter that has been linked to a human disease. Besides genetic alterations other factors might impair MCT8 activity. To investigate whether some common drugs can inhibit MCT8-mediated T3 transport, [125I]T3 uptake and efflux were measured in COS-7 cells transiently transfected with hMCT8 before and after exposure to increasing concentrations of drugs. The mode of inhibition was also determined. Dexamethasone inhibited T3 uptake at 10 μM; hydrocortisone reduced T3 uptake at 500 and 1000 μM; prednisone and prednisolone were devoid of inhibitory potential. Amiodarone caused a reduction of T3 uptake by MCT8 only at the highest concentrations used (44% at 50 μM and 68% at 100 μM), this effect was weaker than that produced by desethylamiodarone and dronedarone; buspirone resulted a potent inhibitor, reducing T3 uptake even at low concentrations. L-carnitine inhibited T3 uptake only at 500 mM and 1 M. Kinetic experiments revealed a noncompetitive mode of inhibition for all compounds. All drugs inhibiting T3 uptake did not affect T3 release. This study shows a novel effect of some common drugs, which is inhibition of T3 transport mediated by MCT8. Specifically, dexamethasone, buspirone, desethylamiodarone, dronedarone behave as potent inhibitors of MCT8.


Scientists and researchers worldwide have recommended Conservation Agriculture as one that has the potential to promote sustainability in agriculture. This paper attempts to measure and compare the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of both conservation and conventional practices used for maize production in the northern region of Ghana employing the Multi-attribute Value Theory (MAVT) approach.Results of the study reveal minimum tillage and the combined use of minimum tillage and integrated organic-inorganic fertilizer application as sustainable practices scoring a minimum of 0.5 and above for the three pillars (economic, social, and environmental) of sustainability. Despite these scores, the z-test of difference in means of the conservation practices and conventional ones were all insignificant, indicating that the conservation practices in use were not different from the conventional ones in terms of their contribution to sustainable maize production. Technical assistance and training that aids in ensuring the appropriate application of conservation practices should be ensured if the goal of sustainability is to be realized.


From a data sample of 5.8: x lo6 J/q5 's collected by the MARK III detector at the storage ring SPEAR at SLAC, two-body decay modes of the J/q5 into a vector and a tensor meson have been measured. From the studies of the tensor meson, recoiling against the ideally mixed and well understood vector mesons, quark correlations are established and compared with the theoretical expectations of the J/$ decays and the SU(3) predictions. The beginnings of a similar systematic study of the two-body vector scalar decays are also presented.


The California Journal of Emergency Medicine III:3, Jul-Sep 2002 page 36 Introducing the New Editor-In-Chief Robert W. Derlet, MD Outgoing Editor-in-Chief It is with great pleasure that I introduce to our read- ers, the new Editor-in-Chief of The California Jour- nal of Emergency Medicine, Robert M. Rodriguez, MD. Dr. Rodriguez was appointed by the Board of Directors of the California Chapter of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine. Dr. Rodriguez at- tended the University of Notre Dame and then moved on to receive his medical degree at Harvard Medical School. He completed a combined Internal Medi- cine/Emergency Medicine residency at the UCLA Medical Center/Olive View program. He then com- pleted a two-year critical care fellowship at Stanford Medical Center, during which he served as an attend- ing physician at the Stanford Medical Center emer- gency department. After a three year stint as an As- sistant Professor with the University of Texas South- western Medical Center emergency medicine resi- dency, he accepted a faculty position with the Univer- sity of California-San Francisco at the Highland Gen- eral Hospital campus. He attends in both the emer- gency department and in the intensive care unit and was chosen Teacher of the Year at the Highland Emer- gency Medicine residency in 2001. Rob has been involved at the national level and is one of the movers and shakers in emergency medicine. He has published multiple articles focusing on critically ill patients in the emergency department and can be seen presenting abstracts at both the SAEM and ACEP annual meet- ings, as well as at other academic meetings. Rob has been involved in manuscript reviews and edi- torial duties across a wide range. He has served as an editor for a critical care series of The Western Jour- nal of Medicine, and has been honored as an out- standing consultant reviewer for the Annals of Emer- gency Medicine. I look forward to Rob's energy and enthusiasm in taking The California Journal of Emer- gency Medicine to its next level. Please welcome me in congratulating Rob in his new role. The Future of CaJEM Robert M. Rodriguez, MD I must begin with a brief, well-deserved expression of gratitude to the architects of the California Journal of Emergency Medicine (CaJEM): Drs. Robert Derlet and Antoine Kazzi. Four years ago they shared a vision of an evidence-based journal dedicated to the advance- ment of emergency medicine in California. We now cel- ebrate the third anniversary of CaJEM. At a time when many journals are either collapsing like ENRON or fold- ing altogether, they have solidified this journal into a quar- terly publication that is read – or at least received—by over 2,000 physicians across California and is available to the rest of the world on the American Academy of Emergency Medicine website. I especially thank Dr. Derlet for his tireless efforts and astute editorial guid- ance in the building of CaJEM. Now that our foundation has been successfully built, where do we go from here? We hope to achieve at least three major goals in the next few years of CaJEM. The first is to broaden our readership both with respect to the types of medical professionals in our audience and with regards to shear numbers. As is obvious to all those practicing emergency medicine, physicians are but one spoke of the emergency care wheel. We must reach out to our nurse and paramedic colleagues, enlisting their expertise and providing them with articles that are ger- mane to their scope of practice. Likewise, we hope to appeal to medical students and emergency medicine resi- dents, who undoubtedly are the future of our specialty. The second goal is to introduce stimulating educational features, which may also advance our efforts toward at- taining our aforementioned first goal. In this issue we have provided abstracts from the 2002 California Ameri- can College of Emergency Physicians conference. We hope to incorporate abstracts from other meetings in fu- ture issues. Beginning with our October issue, we will publish a point-counterpoint series discussing some of the more provocative topics in emergency medicine. We also plan to incorporate a resident and medical student section in upcoming issues.


The understanding of binding interactions between any protein and a small molecule plays a key role in the rationalization of affinity and selectivity and is essential for an efficient structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) process. Clearly, to begin SBDD, a structure is needed, and although there has been fantastic progress in solving G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) crystal structures, the process remains quite slow and is not currently feasible for every GPCR or GPCR–ligand complex. This situation significantly limits the ability of X-ray crystallography to impact the drug discovery process for GPCR targets in 'real-time' and hence there is still a need for other practical and cost-efficient alternatives. We present here an approach that integrates our previously described hierarchical GPCR modelling protocol (HGMP) and the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) quantum mechanics (QM) method to explore the interactions and selectivity of the human orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) and its recently discovered nonpeptidic agonists. HGMP generates a 3D model of GPCR structures and its complexes with small molecules by applying a set of computational methods. FMO allows ab initio approaches to be applied to systems that conventional QM methods would find challenging. The key advantage of FMO is that it can reveal information on the individual contribution and chemical nature of each residue and water molecule to the ligand binding that normally would be difficult to detect without QM. We illustrate how the combination of both techniques provides a practical and efficient approach that can be used to analyse the existing structure–function relationships (SAR) and to drive forward SBDD in a real-world example for which there is no crystal structure of the complex available.


The effect of light on protein synthesis during the early stages of greening of etiolated maize (Zea mays) leaves was studied using double labeling with leucine and fractionation of proteins by gel filtration and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The incorporation of labeled leucine into a relatively small number of plastid proteins is effected within the first 30 to 60 minutes of illumination. These proteins do not accumulate with time. When illumination is prolonged, additional proteins are effected. Experiments using inhibitors of protein synthesis suggest that at least some of the proteins effected by 1 hour of illumination might be synthesized in the cytoplasm and not in plastids. Actinomycin D inhibits the incorporation of labeled leucine into some of the protein fractions, but enhances the incorporation into other fractions far above the effect exerted by light. Leaves of dark-grown plants green when they are transferred to light. Greening, which ultimately results in the formation of a functioning photosynthetic apparatus, involves many interrelated processes. These include structural rearrangement, synthesis of RNA and proteins, and a phase of rapid synthesis of chlorophyll which follows a lag period (2-4, 18). Numerous reports suggest that continued synthesis of RNA and proteins is required both for events occurring in the lag phase and for the accumulation of chlorophyll. Most reports on the effect of light on the synthesis of allegedly mRNA and proteins deal with periods of 2 to 6 hr after the beginning of illumination (5, 9, 16, 18, 20, 24, 31, 32). However, several authors reported effects on certain enzymes after much shorter periods (2, 6, 7, 18). It is reasonable to assume that the determining events of greening occur early in the process. If light controls greening by affecting the synthesis of a small number of specific proteins, with or without the synthesis of new informational RNA, one must look for such effects during the first few hours of illumination. In a previous paper (13) it was reported that no indication for a light-induced synthesis of informational-like RNA ' This work has been supported in part by a grant from The B. de Rothschild Foundation for the Advancement of Science in Israel to E.H. Jerusalem, Israel could be found during the first 2 to 3 hr of illumination of etiolated maize leaves. In the present work we have tried to find out whether light causes a general enhancement in the synthesis of plastid proteins or affects the synthesis of a small number of proteins. In the latter case, we wanted to know the time course of their appearance and whether DNA-dependent RNA synthesis is required for their formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Maize (Zea mays) (WF9 X B37-single cross from Illinois Foundation Seeds Inc.) was grown in vermiculite in the dark at 25 C. Leaves from 8to 9-day-old plants were harvested under a green safelight, and isotopes were applied as previously described (13). The isotope solutions were brought to identical specific radioactivity with sterilized distilled water and L-leucine solution. The purity of the isotope solutions was examined by paper chromatography and radiochromatography. After a period of uptake in the dark the leaves were either transferred to light (400-600 ft-c) or left in the dark. Isolation of Plastids in a Nonaqueous Medium. Leaves which received various treatments were freeze-dried and 2 g were ground with mortar and pestle in 40 ml of ice cold CCL. The homogenate was filtered through glass wool and 2 ml of n-hexane layered over the filtrate in the centrifugation tube. The tubes were then centrifuged at 13,000g for 15 min in a Sorvall HB-535 rotor. The plastids, which concentrated in the hexane layer at the top, were layered over a mixture of CCl, and n-hexane (100:36) and centrifuged at 13,000g for 15 min. The precipitate consisted mainly of plastids as judged by observations with light and fluorescence microscopes. The precipitate was either extracted with 1% Triton X-100, and the supernatant resulting from centrifuging at 100,000g for 1 hr used for the gel filtration experiments or extracted with acetone and dissolved in phenol-acetic acid-water for gel electrophoresis. Gel Filtration and Liquid Scintillation Counting. The Triton extracts of plastids and soluble fractions were lyophilized, dissolved in a small volume of triethylamine-carbonate buffer, pH 7.8 (23), and applied to Sephadex columns. Gel filtration was performed using upward flow at a rate of 0.35 ml per min. Aliquots of fractions were prepared for liquid scintillation counting according to Patterson and Trewavas (23) except that 0.1 ml of a saturated solution of benzoyl peroxide in toluene was added to each vial to bleach pigments (12). The activities of 3H and "4C for each sample were calculated after correction from efficiency calibration curves. Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Samples were prepared for electrophoresis by extracting lipids from the plastid fraction


We present a Lohner type algorithm for the computation of rigorous bounds for solutions of ordinary differential equations and its derivatives with respect to initial conditions up to arbitrary order. As an application we prove the existence of multiple invariant tori around some elliptic periodic orbits for the pendulum equation with periodic forcing and for Michelson system.


Our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). A group of people living in Turkey and receiving treatment for lung cancer at a chest hospital completed the scale. We assessed construct validity of the TNS using confirmatory factor analysis. We evaluated the reliability of the scale using coefficient alpha and the result for the internal consistency reliability of the scale was a coefficient alpha of .95. According to our results, the Turkish version of the TNS is a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of trust in nurses among people in Turkey being treated for lung cancer.


This article concerns a thermal simulation of a 5-axis CNC milling machine by finite element method. At the early stage of a machine designing process, the analysis of thermal conditions is really important, because milling machines are exposed to heat effects. The result of it is a nonstationary temperature field, which can influence accuracy of positioning and it can generate thermal stress in the structure of machines. Besides harmful heat effects can decrease geometry accuracy of manufactured product, but making thermal analysis quality and lifecycle of products can be higher and planning time can be reduced.


Data visualizations are powerful semiotic resources, which, it is sometimes
 claimed, have the power to change the world. This chapter argues that to
 understand this power we need to consider the uses to which visualizations
 have been put. Using visualizations relating to abortion as a case study
 alongside Klein and D'Ignazio's notion of a 'Bring Back the Bodies' in data
 visualization, I argue that visualizations tell a narrow story, removing
 contextual detail and omitting to ask questions important to women's
 health. To grasp the significance of this I propose a new body issue: the
 neglect of the viewer and those affected by decisions taken based on
 visualized data. Far from being a simple device to graphically display
 numerical data, therefore, there are important social and ethical issues
 at stake in data visualization.


Amitav Ghosh's The Glass palace is a historical novel set inBurma, India and Malay. The novel spans three generations and three nations over a period ofa century from the fall of the Ava Kingdom in Mandalay through the Second World War tomodern times. In the novel Ghosh employs a collage of fiction, memory and history toreconstruct the past in the present society of the postcolonial situation. The novel treatsseveral postcolonial issues like indentured labour, mimicry, cohabitation, fragmentedconsciousness, cultural hierarchies, crisis of identity, interstitial nature of culture, valorizationof constructivism etc. The thrust of this paper is to elaborate the view that The Glass Palace isan attempt to recover the viewpoint of the colonised subjects


To assess a car under the Euro New Car Assessment Program (Euro-NCAP), Adult Occupant Protection is one out of three parameters which need to be calculated with a weight factor of 50% while the other parameters, Child Occupant Protection and Pedestrian Occupant Protection, have a weight factor of 20%. The Pole Side Impact Test, beside two other tests, Side & Front Impact, is also required to calculate the Adult Occupant Protection. It shows how important the Pole Side Impact Test is and what an effective role it has in the car rating assessment. In this paper, the objective is to evaluate the effect of thickness on the energy absorbed by the side doors and the B pillar and its crashworthiness in a Pole Side Impact Test based on the Euro NCAP. In this matter, a vehicle model has been designed and prepared using CATIA and meshed using Hypermesh. Five thicknesses have been chosen including 0.6 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm and the original thickness of the side doors, 0.75 mm. The simulations have been repeated, using LS DYNA solver, assigning each of five thicknesses to the side doors and the B pillar of the vehicle. Initial conditions defined by the Euro NCAP, including velocity and directions, have been applied to the model. A total of 5 simulations have been conducted. The results showed that changing the thickness of the side doors and the B pillar does not necessarily have a direct influence on energy absorbed. The conclusion is that there are different proper thicknesses for each part which will result in optimized energy absorption.


This study compared the training effects of split-style Olympic lifts (SP-L) with those of squat-style olympic lifts (SQ-L). In the study, the participants (n = 33 collegiate female volleyball players) were sorted on a random basis into the SP-L group (age = 15.80 ± 1.03 years; height = 164.50 ± 3.96 cm; body weight = 60.88 ± 8.26 kg), SQ-L group (age = 15.22 ± 1.2 years; height = 167.78 ± 3.53 cm, body weight = 62.02 ± 7.20 kg), and control group (CG; age = 15.14 ± 0.38 years; height = 165.29 ± 5.25 cm; body weight = 61.32 ± 5.89 kg). The groups performed split and squat snatch and clean and jerk twice a week for 6 weeks. Analysis of variance and magnitude-based inferences determined whether there was a significant difference in the measured variables among groups. In the groups, compared with the pretraining values, a significant and positive improvement was noted in posttraining leg stiffness and time to 5-m and 20-m sprint. However, for the time to 5-m sprint, the gains in the SP-L group were better (large/d = 1.79). In addition, an increase to spike jump and change of direction in the SP-L group alone was significant for the main effect of time (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that SP-L are more effective for spike jump, change of direction, and time to 5-m sprint. Although the results of the study provide insights regarding the beneficial effects of training with SP-L rather than SQ-L, consolidation of the study results with the results of future studies is warranted. Subscribe to TPE


This paper presents a new data driven utility function for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mapping and exploiting a wind field. The proposed utility function provides a continuous scale between exploration and exploitation which is dependent on the difference between the current platform energy level and the uncertainty along a planned path. Tests were carried out in a VICON testbed using quadrotors programmed to emulate fixed-wing aircraft. Results show a 47.7% reduction in energy gain loitering time when compared to a pure information gain approach.


An analysis and applications of the wave model for longitudinal dispersion are pre-sented. Asymptotic forms of the wave model are considered and analytical solutions of typical linear stationary and nonstationary problems of chemical reactor engineering interest are obtained and compared to those for the Fickian dispersion model. The wave model leads to efficient analytical solutions for linear problems, which in principle differ from the solutions of the Fickian dispersion model; only for slowly varying concentration fields do the soluctions of both models approach each other. Spatial and time moments of the concentration distribution are obtained for pulse-dispersion problems; the first three spatial moments of the mean, variance, and skewness have exact, large-time asymptotic forms in the case of Taylor dispersion. Old experiments that could not be explained with the standard dispersion model are reconsidered and explained: the change with time of the variance of a concentration pulse when the flow direction is reversed and the difference in values of the apparent axial dispersion coefficient and the backmixing coefficient in a rotating disk contactor. The experimental determination of model parameters is discussed.


The effect of chronic and intermittent cold exposure was studied in benzo(a)pyrene-induced fibrosarcoma of mice. Chronic exposure to 5 degrees C caused decrease in incidence, increase in latent period, and inhibition of tumor growth. Intermittent exposures to +5 degrees C and -10 degrees C induced significant enhancement of tumor growth which increased with the lowering of temperature. Concomitant with the tumor growth alterations, stress reactions assessed by plasma corticosterone levels, differed in these two regimes. The elevation of plasma corticosterone levels correlates with the tumor growth enhancement which is probably mediated by corticosterone-induced immuno-suppression. Inhibition of tumors appears to be a result of adaptation to chronic stress, or metabolic alterations in cold. Physiological alterations of the host, depending upon the nature and duration and severity of the "stress" exposure, determines in our opinion probably the course of neoplastic development.


We describe the first coronoid nanographene C216-molecule. As an extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a defined cavity, our molecule can be seen as a model system to study the influence of holes on the physical and chemical properties of graphene. Along the pathway of an eight-step synthesis including Yamamoto-type cyclization followed by 6-fold Diels-Alder cycloaddition, C216 was obtained by oxidative cyclodehydrogenation in the final step. The defined molecular structure with a cavity was unambiguously validated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and FTIR, Raman, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy coupled with DFT simulations.


Essential information for clarifying geodynamic processes is obtained by imaging the Earth's interior through geophysical observations. Huge oceanic areas are important locations for conducting such observations. The broadband ocean-bottom seismometer (BBOBS) that we developed has been used since 1999 in several array observations, which gave us new information. But, the BBOBS's noise model in periods longer than 10 s indicates the high noise level in horizontal components above the new high noise model (NHNM), although the vertical one is between the NHNM and the new low noise model (NLNM). It makes it difficult to apply modern analysis methods using horizontal component waveforms even from the data of the one-year-long observation at a single station. Recently, we have developed a geophysical instrument to investigate the oceanic mantle, namely the next-generation broadband ocean-bottom seismometer (BBOBS-NX), operated by a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV). The BBOBS-NX provides data of much higher quality than the conventional BBOBS, because it shows a comparable noise model in horizontal components with that of land seismic stations in periods longer than 10 s. Comparison between bottom currents and horizontal particle motions of the BBOBS-NX and conventional BBOBSs clearly indicates the effective reduction of the noise due to the bottom current in this period range. A preliminary receiver function analysis also shows the advantage of the BBOBS-NX to the conventional BBOBS, even if the observation period of the former was shorter than a quarter of that of the latter.


To efficiently scale data caching infrastructure to support emerging big data applications, many caching systems rely on consistent hashing to group a large number of servers to form a cooperative cluster. These servers are organized together according to a random hash function. They jointly provide a unified but distributed hash table to serve swift and voluminous data item requests. Different from the single least-recently-used (LRU) server that has already been extensively studied, theoretically characterizing a cluster that consists of multiple LRU servers remains yet to be explored. These servers are not simply added together; the random hashing complicates the behavior. To this end, we derive the asymptotic miss ratio of data item requests on a LRU cluster with consistent hashing. We show that these individual cache spaces on different servers can be effectively viewed as if they could be pooled together to form a single virtual LRU cache space parametrized by an appropriate cache size. This equivalence can be established rigorously under the condition that the cache sizes of the individual servers are large. For typical data caching systems this condition is common. Our theoretical framework provides a convenient abstraction that can directly apply the results from the simpler single LRU cache to the more complex LRU cluster with consistent hashing.


The article is devoted to the history of forming and developing of the 7th Central Policlinic of Strategic Missile Forces, which the 22nd of January 2010 has it's 50th anniversary. The article presents the results of activity of the policlinic in promotion of health of servicemen, work, effectuating by policlinic staff in a sphere of reclaiming and involving of modern high-informative methods of diagnostics and treatment, there were given main of them.


Purpose
Bank financing is an important external financing source for firm research and development (R&D) investment. This study aims to use an exponential quadratic specification to investigate the effect of bank competition on firm R&D investment and its underlying mechanisms. Moreover, this study checks bank competition's heterogeneous effects on firm R&D investment.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on data of Chinese manufacturing firms and bank branches, this study uses the Tobit estimator, instrumental variable method and Heckman two-step approach to test the relationship between bank competition and firm R&D investment.

Findings
The results show robustness evidence of an inverted-U relationship between bank competition and firm R&D investment. Specifically, increases in bank competition promote firm R&D investment until bank competition reaches the turning point and reduce firm R&D investment after crossing the turning point. Financing costs and financial constraints can explain the inverted-U relationship between bank competition and firm R&D investment. Heterogeneity examinations reveal that R&D investment is more sensitive to bank competition in non-state-owned enterprises, small firms and high-tech firms.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between bank competition and firm innovation. The authors investigate the heterogeneity of R&D investment influenced by bank competition and depict the economic effects brought by bank competition. This study sheds light on the real effects of bank competition and the determinants of firm R&D investment in transition economies. The conclusions provide empirical evidence for reducing credit discrimination and improving capital allocation efficiency in developing countries.


The identification of the modulation type of an arbitrary noisy signal is necessary in various applications including signal confirmation, interference identification, spectrum management, electronic support systems in warfare, electronic counter-counter measures etc. In this paper a novel classification scheme based on the variance of instantaneous frequency is proposed to discriminate between noisy M-ary Phase Shift Keyed (MPSK) and M-ary Frequency Shift Keyed (MFSK) signals. In the proposed method, the received signal is passed through a pair of band pass filters and the ratio of variances of instantaneous frequency of the filter outputs is used as a decision statistic. Analytic expressions are developed for the decision statistic. These expressions show that a high degree of discrimination is possible between PSK and FSK signals even at a carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 0 dB. Simulation studies have been carried out and the theoretical predictions are validated.


Abstract A scheme of dynamic initialization of a primitive equation model is proposed with an emphasis on the dynamic adjustment in the boundary layer. The pre-initialintion analysis is important since the restorative method is used in the subsequent dynamic initialization. The first phase of dynamic initialization is designed to establish a reasonable boundary layer structure. For this purpose, a time integration of the primitive equations is performed under a strong constraint such that all meteorological fields except momentum in the boundary layer are frozen. Use of an implicit form for the vertical diffusion term is recommended. The second phase is formulated to reduce the high-frequency noise in the final initialized field. Cyclic integration with a selective damping scheme is carried out under a restorative constraint. The proposed scheme is applied to a case of simple zonal flow and the evolution of the boundary layer flow is shown. The scheme is also tested for a cam of mature tropical cyclone. S...


Dear Data is a project by Giorgia Lupi and Stefanie Posavec (2016), two strangers who met at a conference and decided to become friends by sending post cards to each other each week depicting hand-drawn data visualizations from every day events, such as the number of doors opened in a day, or how many complaints were made in a day. This paper draws inspiration from the Dear Data project. As a doctoral studies assignment, it was created to understand research processes, collaboration, and different ways of conducting research using personal experience over a three-week period. For this project, I chose to track how many goodbyes I made in person while travelling around Newfoundland and Labrador for the Christmas holidays. The paper, then, is an illustration of my process of understanding research through social interactions. In doing this project, I created an alternative data visualization to help present the data collected from the project, and use the visualization to aid in the presentation of results and interpretations. Finally, I discuss the process of doing research and the multitude of decisions required, while also commenting on some of the lessons learned in doing this project.


The potencies of caffeine, theophylline, lysine-theophylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) in stimulating sperm motility have been compared, and we have found IBMX to be significantly more potent than the other three compounds, which did not exhibit significant differences in potency from each other.


Muscular weakness in patients with some hereditary diseases of the nervous system was characterized quantitatively. All patients showed disorders in the control of simple movements.


Multistage hydraulic fracturing is the common stimulation technique for shale formations. The treatment design, formation in-situ stress, and reservoir heterogeneity govern the fracture network propagation. Different techniques have been used to evaluate the fracture geometry and the completion efficiency including Chemical Tracers, Microseismic, Fiber Optics, and Production Logs. Most of these methods are post-fracture as well as time and cost intensive processes.
 The current study presents the use of fall-off data during and after stage fracturing to characterize producing surface area, permeability, and fracture conductivity. Shut-in data (15-30 minutes) was collected after each stage was completed. The fall-off data was processed first to remove the noise and water hammer effects. Log-Log derivative diagnostic plots were used to define the flow regime and the data were then matched with an analytical model to calculate producing surface area, permeability, and fracture conductivity.
 Diagnostic plots showed a unique signature of flow regimes. A long period of a spherical flow regime with negative half-slope was observed as an indication for limited entry flow either vertically or horizontally. A positive half-slope derivative represents a linear flow regime in an infinitely conductive tensile fracture. The quarter-slope derivative was observed in a bilinear flow regime that represents a finite conductivity fracture system. An extended radial flow regime was observed with zero slope derivative which represents a highly shear fractured network around the wellbore. For a long fall-off period, formation recharge may appear with a slope between unit and 1.5 slopes derivative, especially in over-pressured dry gas reservoirs.
 Analyzing fall-off data after stages are completed provides a free and real-time investigation method to estimate the fracture geometry and a measure of completion efficiency. Knowing the stage properties allows the reservoir engineer to build a simulation model to forecast the well performance and improve the well spacing.


Eighteen wastewater treatment systems were operated for one year to investigate phosphorus (P) removal. Systems paired co-treatment reactors containing iron or calcium drinking water treatment residuals with vertical-flow constructed wetland mesocosms planted with Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla. For secondary municipal wastewater, soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations were reduced from 0.70 to 0.03 mg L(-1) (95%) or 0.01 mg L(-1) (98%) by systems with the calcium or iron co-treatments, respectively (compared to 0.09 mg L(-1) or 87% by controls). Total P (TP) concentrations were reduced from 1.00 to 0.07 mg L(-1) (93%) and 0.05 mg L(-1) (95%) by the same treatments (compared to 0.16 mg L(-1) or 84% by controls). For anaerobically digested dairy wastewater, SRP was reduced from 7.68 to 6.43 mg L(-1) (16%) or 5.95 mg L(-1) (22%) by the systems with calcium or iron, respectively (compared to 7.37 mg L(-1) or 4% by controls). For this wastewater, the TP was reduced from 48.5 to 22.5 mg L(-1) (53%) and 22.7 mg L(-1) (53%) by the same treatments (compared to 24.1 mg L(-1) or 50% by controls) but performance improved substantially with a design modification tested.


Since October 1980 the author has dealt with three Early/Middle Bronze Age burials whilst employed on Manpower Services Projects sponsored by Angus District Council. The discovery of a short cist at Mains of Melgund, near Aberlemno, by farmworkers who searched the grave in April 1980 produced a jet necklace, a flint scraper and the remains of an inhumation. The author re-excavated the cist in October 1980. In February 1982 the author visited the site of a cairn on Baldardo Farm, Forfar, and found that recent ploughing had dislodged the capstone of a short cist. Subsequent excavation produced the cremated remains of a young adult and a flint knife. Probable Beaker sherds and a quantity of burnt bone lay on the N side of the grave and perhaps hint at a re-use of the cist. In June 1982 a small round cairn was excavated by the author on Easter Marcus Farm near Finavon. The site had been disturbed by the ploughing of previous pasture and excavation showed that the cairn covered a spread of dark soil, sherds of cinerary urn, burnt bone and charcoal.


AbstractThe effect of a 20% (w/v) aqueous extract of H. tuberculatum aerial parts was studied on isolated rabbit jejunum, guinea-pig ileum, rat uterus, rat stomach strip and rat colon. The extract (1.6 m1/25 ml-bath = 76.6mg of starting material) produced a biphasic effect on both jejunum and ileum; an initial reversible stimulation, followed by sustained inhibition. The stimulant effect was blocked by atropine and the inhibition was resistant to a number of standard receptor blockers. The exuact also stimulated uterus, fundus strip and colon. Cyproheptadine blocked effects on uterus and fundus strip, while indomethacin largely reduced the activity on the colon. Inorganic content did not account for the extract activity on isolated tissues. The plant may induce a direct intestinal muscle relaxation which may account for its popular spasmolytic use.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Introduction and Objectives: Our Phase I adenovirus/PSA vaccine trial has proved that this vaccine is safe. We are conducting a Phase II clinical trial with two separate protocols for patients with recurrent or hormone refractory prostate cancer assessing toxicity, immune responses, and changes in PSA levels. Methods: In Protocol #1 men with recurrent prostate cancer following definitive initial treatment for their disease were placed in one of two arms: Arm A; men receive the vaccine alone at days 0, 30, and 60; Arm B; men receive the vaccine 14 days after the initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In Protocol #2 men with hormone refractory disease receive the vaccine alone using the same 3 injection schedule. Each injection consists of 108 pfu of the Ad/PSA vaccine suspended in a collagen matrix. All patients return at regular intervals for physical, chemical, radiologic, and immunologic evaluations. Results: To date forty four patients have been enrolled and have been followed a median of 12 months. The patients have a median age of 71.3 years, and median enrollment PSA levels of 0.62 ng/ml in Protocol #1 and 5.45 ng/ml in Protocol #2. In our preliminary results at this early stage of the trial, 100% of the patients in Protocol #1 and 67% of the patients in Protocol #2 demonstrated anti-PSA T cell responses above preinjection levels. Sixty four percent of the patients demonstrated an increase in PSA doubling time (PSADT). Conclusions: In an attempt to follow up on the success of our Phase I clinical trial of the Ad/PSA vaccine we have initiated a Phase II trial to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine in men with recurrent prostate cancer, either following definitive therapy prior to other treatments or hormone refractory. Early results from the first four four patients demonstrate the induction of anti-PSA T cells responses in a high percentage of the vaccinated patients and increase in PSADT in more than half of the patients. No serious vaccine-related toxicities have been identified in the patients.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2692. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2692


The productive potential of adolescent girls in Uganda is critically limited by the reciprocal relationship between low health, education and employment indicators. With little incentive to attain relevant skills training, girls choose to have children early and become engaged in risky behavior, further hampering their ability to generate income. To address these challenges, we evaluated the impact of a BRAC program that simultaneously provided livelihoods training to run small-scale enterprises, and education on health and risky behaviors. After tracking 4,888 girls over a period of two years, the author found that the program had strong positive impacts on economic, health and agency outcomes for the girls. The program increased the likelihood of participants engaging in income-generating activities by 32 percent; self-reported routine condom use by those who were sexually active increased by 50 percent; fertility rates dropped by 26 percent; and there was a 76 percent reduction in adolescent girls reporting having had sex against their will during the past year.


This article focused on analyze (1) Effect of the income , interest rates , government expenditure, and inflation to investment in North Sumatera . (2) The influence of investment , government expenditure, inflation, money supply, and tax on the income in North Sumatera. Data used time series of 1982 - 2012. This article use analyzer model equation of simultaneous with method of Two Stage Least Squared (TSLS). The result of research concludes that (1) the income have a significant and positive impact on the investment, interest rates have significant and negatively impact on the investment, government expenditure significantly and positive on the investment, while inflation is not significant and negative effect on the investment in North Sumatera. If income increases, the investment will also increase . If interest rates increases, the investment will decreases, and If government expenditure increases, the investment will increases . (2) the investment have a significant and positive impact on the income, government expenditure is not significant and positive on the income, the money supply have significant and positive impact on the income, and tax have significant and negatively impact on the income in North Sumatera. If investment increases, the income will also increase,  if the money supply increase, the income will increase, and then if the tax increase, the income will decreases. Keywords : interest rates, goverment expenditure, inflation, the money supply, tax, income and investment


Quality control is an important issue in the ceramic tile industry. On the other hand maintaining the rate of production with respect to time is also a major issue in ceramic tile manufacturing. Again, price of ceramic tiles also depends on purity of texture, accuracy of color, shape etc. Considering this criteria, an automated defect detection and classification technique has been proposed in this report that can have ensured the better quality of tiles in manufacturing process as well as production rate. Our proposed method plays an important role in ceramic tiles industries to detect the defects and to control the quality of ceramic tiles. This automated classification method helps us to acquire knowledge about the pattern of defect within a very short period of time and also to decide about the recovery process so that the defected tiles may not be mixed with the fresh tiles.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the human hematopoietic stem cells from the human/goat xenogeneic model with molecular techniques.

METHODS
DNA and total RNA were extracted from 11 transplanted goat peripheral blood cells. Human CD(34), GPA and SRY genes were amplified with PCR in these samples, and CD(34), GPA mRNA transcripts were detected using RT-PCR in 5 and 6 goat peripheral blood cells, respectively. Southern blot analysis was performed in 8 goat DNAs to detect the human specific alpha-satellite sequence. Meanwhile FISH was also performed to detect the human cells in goat blood with a probe of human Y chromosome.

RESULTS
Human CD(34) and GPA genes could be detected with PCR in all the 11 goats, and SRY gene did in 5 goats transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells derived from male human babies. Southern blot showed that human specific alpha-satellite sequence was present in 8 goats. By RT-PCR, human CD(34) mRNA was detected in 5 experimental goats, GPA mRNA was found in the other 6 experimental goats and FISH assay showed that some peripheral blood cells of the human/goat xenogeneic model were positive.

CONCLUSION
Existence of human cells in the recipient goats was identified by molecular detection, which was feasible for the examination of human/goat xenogeneic models.


This paper addresses advanced low frequency noise measurements and modeling of SiGe HBTs. Results have been implemented into a nonlinear Gummel Poon model which has been validated through the design of a DRO made of an integrated SiGe negative resistance in the 10 GHz range. We have obtained phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, which is close to the state of the art, and we have demonstrated a design technique that provides an accurate phase noise prediction.


ABSTRACT Prior work has shown that Latino candidates do not under-perform compared to other candidates, and that Latino underrepresentation is a function of supply rather than demand (Juenke, Eric Gonzalez. 2014. "Ignorance Is Bias: The Effect of Latino Losers on Models of Latino Representation." American Journal of Political Science 58 (3): 593–603; Juenke, Eric Gonzalez, and Paru Shah. 2015. "Not the Usual Story: the Effect of Candidate Supply on Models of Latino Descriptive Representation." Politics, Groups, and Identities 3 (3): 438–453). Building on this work we investigate what factors influence the prospects of Latino candidates from the supply side. Examining candidate emergence from the supply side requires that we examine not only the winners and losers, but also those who could have entered a pool of candidates but did not. Using an original dataset of latent and primary candidates running for U.S. House seats from 2004 to 2014, we show that Latino candidacy at the pre-emergence stage is sensitive to potential challengers and that party elites under-support Latino candidates relative to others. Latinos are predicted to receive fewer endorsements than non-Latinos, and those endorsements influence candidates' chances of winning office. Our findings suggest that the poor integration of Latinos into partisan networks is largely responsible for their limited presence in candidate pools and elected office.


When you press the button to submit a manuscript, you are initially relieved, foregoing months or years of hard work. You depart for a moment from the grief of having been forced to confine your work into 5000 words. But after a while, there comes the anxiety. It is like sending your child to day care and wondering whether those taking care of your loved one do this with care. You wonder what happens in the abyss of the editorial process. You have some emotional attachment to it, as an artist has with her or his creation! However, what you do not realize is that in science, the most important part of any work is scientific scrutiny and improvement (= peer review). Peer review is meant to improve your work, take out the emotion, de-commercialize it and provide the readers with your findings in the context of what has been done so far and what needs to be done. The first thing you should know is that nobody has the authority to decide to reject, revise or accept any submission on their own. Although the Editors-In-Chiefs (EiCs) are the only ones who make the final decision, this decision is merely a confirmation of the 'correctness' of the process rather than a licence to decide anything one wants. When a manuscript is submitted, it is checked by the editorial office and if the authors have followed the journal's guidelines, it will officially enter the review process. It will first land on the desk of the appropriate associate editor (AE), with expertise on the subject. The AE can recommend rejecting the paper outright or decide to invite external referees. In the case of outright rejection, the manuscript will go to the EiC who—based on the arguments of AE—will decide on the outright reject. This is used when we judge that, even after peer review, the manuscript is not suitable nor has a high priority for publication. All other submissions will be sent to referees that will be given 2 weeks (for original submissions, 1 week for revisions) to send their comments based on which the AE will recommend rejecting, revising or accepting. Peer review is not perfect and there is without doubt some intertwining of 'opinions', 'assumptions' and 'evidence' in this process, and in what the authors have presented. Therefore, we are changing our editorial process to minimize the subjectivity in our peer review and increase transparency for everyone involved. Our mission as the EiCs of ICVTS and EJCTS in the coming years will be to improve our peer review process by providing more uniformity, standardization and transparency to the authors. Therefore, we have changed our editorial processes as follows: The reviewer's scoresheet will be amended. The reviewers and editors will be asked to answer three main questions at the heart of the editorial decision-making:


Based on 17 months of field research in Sao Paulo (1993-94), this paper examines how middle-class adults in 42 surveyed households verbalized their class identity during the inflation crisis. It concludes that consumption (goods and practices) are foundational to their class definitions, both in relation to other major classes and to other middle-class sectors.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the DNA methylation status of the ABCB1 gene in tumor cells of dogs with lymphoma.

ANIMALS
27 dogs with multicentric B-cell high-grade lymphoma (19 chemotherapy-sensitive dogs and 8 chemotherapy-resistant dogs).

PROCEDURES
The DNA methylation profile of the CpG island of the ABCB1 gene was analyzed by use of bisulphite sequencing and real-time methylation-specific PCR assay in lymphoma cells. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assay of the ABCB1 gene was conducted to measure the amount of mRNA. Correlation between the amount of ABCB1 mRNA and the methylation rate was examined.

RESULTS
The CpG island of the ABCB1 gene was hypomethylated in most dogs in both the chemotherapy-sensitive and -resistant groups. No significant difference was detected in the methylation rate between the 2 groups, and no significant correlation was detected between the methylation rate and the mRNA expression level.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Expression of the ABCB1 gene was not suppressed by hypermethylation of its CpG island in most dogs with lymphoma regardless of their chemotherapy sensitivity status.


We measured CO(2) efflux from wood for Eucalyptus in Hawaii for 7 years and compared these measurements with those on three- and four-and-a-half-year-old Eucalyptus in Brazil. In Hawaii, CO(2) efflux from wood per unit biomass declined approximately 10x from age two to age five, twice as much as the decline in tree growth. The CO(2) efflux from wood in Brazil was 8-10x lower than that for comparable Hawaii trees with similar growth rates. Growth and maintenance respiration coefficients calculated from Hawaii wood CO(2) efflux declined with tree age and size (the growth coefficient declined from 0.4 mol C efflux mol C(-1) wood growth at age one to 0.1 mol C efflux mol C(-1) wood growth at age six; the maintenance coefficient from 0.006 to 0.001 micromol C (mol C biomass)(-1) s(-1) at 20 degrees C over the same time period). These results suggest interference with CO(2) efflux through bark that decouples CO(2) efflux from respiration. We also compared the biomass fractions and wood CO(2) efflux for the aboveground woody parts for 3- and 7-year-old trees in Hawaii to estimate how focusing measurements near the ground might bias the stand-level estimates of wood CO(2) efflux. Three-year-old Eucalyptus in Hawaii had a higher proportion of branches < 0.5 cm in diameter and a lower proportion of stem biomass than did 7-year-old trees. Biomass-specific CO(2) efflux measured at 1.4 m extrapolated to the tree could bias tree level estimates by approximately 50%, assuming no refixation from bark photosynthesis. However, the bias did not differ for the two tree sizes. Foliar respiration was identical per unit nitrogen for comparable treatments in Brazil and Hawaii (4.2 micromol C mol N(-1) s(-1) at 20 degrees C).


A 0.25mum CMOS receiver circuit that operates from 698MHz to 746MHz, a spectrum allocated by the FCC for advanced mobile services for multimedia applications, is presented. The receiver supports an OFDM physical layer with modulation ranging from BPSK for pilot carriers to 16-QAM for high-rate data carriers. The RX has a NF of 2.6dB and an out-of-band IIP3 of -5.5dBm. It occupies 7mm2 and draws 61mA from a 2.6V supply


Abstract Meiofauna includes an astonishing diversity of organisms, whose census is far from being complete. Most classic ecological studies have focused on hard-bodied Ecdysozoan taxa (notably Copepoda and Nematoda), whose cuticle allows determination at species-level after fixation, rather than soft-bodied, Spiralian taxa, which most often lose any diagnostic feature in fixed samples. Yet, metabarcoding studies have recently revealed a species-richness of soft-bodied taxa comparable, and in cases superior, to that of Copepoda and Nematoda together. However, given objective difficulties inherent to their study, which necessarily has to be performed on living individuals, and their limited utilisation for ecological and applicative research, taxonomic expertise on soft-bodied organisms has declined over the years, and diversity of these phyla in most areas of the world is presently completely unknown. Here we present an expert-based survey of current knowledge on the composition and distribution of soft-bodied meiofaunal taxa in Italy, with special references to the predominantly or exclusively meiobenthic phyla Gastrotricha, Gnathostomulida, Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Xenacoelomorpha, and macrofaunal taxa with conspicuous meiofaunal representatives (Annelida, Mollusca and Nemertea). A total of 638 described species have been reported from Italian coasts; furthermore, the existence of a large number of undescribed species is mentioned. Knowledge of Annelida, Gastrotricha, and Rotifera appears particularly detailed, placing Italy among the best-known country worldwide. In contrast, knowledge of Platyhelminthes and Xenacoelomorpha appears patchy, and limited to few areas. Sampling effort has been uneven, with most species recorded from the Tyrrhenian Sea, while large sections of the Adriatic and Ionian seas have been poorly explored. Results highlight the role that Marine Biological Stations, notably the Zoological Station "Anton Dohrn" in Naples, have had in promoting the study of soft-bodied taxa in Italy.


We have previously reported that serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and IL-12 levels were significantly increased in hyperthyroid Graves' disease. In this study, we investigated serum IL-18 levels in patients with either Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The serum IL-18 levels in Graves' disease were significantly increased in the hyperthyroid state and were decreased during treatment with methimazole or propylthiouracil. On the other hand, the levels in Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the hypothyroid state showed no significant differences from those in healthy subjects. When liothyronine sodium was administered orally to healthy subjects, serum IL-18 levels were not changed. Positive correlations between serum IL-18 and IL-12, IL-12 and sIL-2R, and sIL-2R and IL-18 levels were noted in Graves' disease. These results suggest that Th1 cytokines might play an important regulatory role in Graves' disease.


SummaryThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the clinical manifestations and diagnostic approach to liver hydatid disease and suggest its treatment. The prospective study was carried out on 30 patients with liver hydatidosis. Hepatologic examinations were based on: medical history, physical examination, biochemical and serological tests, ultrasonography and computed tomography scanning. Twenty-five (83.3 %) patients underwent radical cyst resection, while in 5 (16.7 %) cases liver resection with left lobectomy was also performed. Hydatid cyst was histopathologically verified in all the patients. Our results showed that the patients with multiple cysts had impaired functional liver tests significantly more often than patients with unilocular cyst. In addition, ultrasonography and computed tomography scans are the valid imaging procedures in diagnosis. Radical, surgical resection of hepatic hydatid cysts is the goal of treatment.


Twenty-four hours light exposure of employees in three different occupations was assessed for a working week during both summer and winter. Occupations being exposed to light at night and those exposed to low daytime light levels were represented by night shift working geriatric nurses and daytime working hotel staff, respectively. Their light exposure was compared to the light exposure of outdoor workers represented by refuse collectors. In winter, luminous exposure of night shift working geriatric nurses and daytime working hotel staff amounts to only 2 % and 12 % of the luminous exposure of outdoor workers, respectively. In summer, the respective values are 6 % and 21 %. This could lead to a desynchronization of circadian physiological processes in the human body.


Background: Physical trauma is associated with mortality, long-term pain and morbidity. Effective pain management is fundamental in trauma care and opioids are indispensable for treating acute pain; however, the use and misuse of prescribed opioids is an escalating problem. Despite this, few studies have been directed towards trauma patients in an early phase of rehabilitation with focusing on experiences and perspectives of health and recovery including pain and persistent use of prescribed opioids with abuse potential. To explore pre- and post-discharge trauma care experiences, including exposure to opioids, physical trauma survivors were recruited from a major trauma center in Norway that provides the highest level of surgical trauma care. Method: Qualitative exploratory study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted among 13 trauma patients with orthopedic injuries, known to be associated with severe pain, six weeks post-discharge. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed with an interdisciplinary approach. Results: The overarching theme was that discharge from the trauma hospital and the period that immediately followed were associated with feelings of insecurity. The three main themes that were identified as contributing to this was a) unmet information needs about the injury, b) exposure to opioids, and c) lack of follow-up after discharge from the hospital. Participants experienced to be discharged with prescribed opioids, but without information about their addictive properties or tapering plans. This, and lack of attention to mental health and psychological impact of trauma, gave rise to unmet treatment needs of pain management and mental health problems during hospitalization and following discharge. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that in addition to delivery of high-quality biomedical trauma care, health professionals should direct more attention to psychosocial health and safe pain management, including post-discharge opioid tapering and individually tailored follow-up plans for physical trauma survivors.


Background: This study was carried out to classify the diversity of the deep marine psychrotolerant actinomycetes sp. nov., in the Bay of Bengal and exploit the production of cold-active industrial and pharmaceutical biomolecules. Objective: 1) Characterization, optimum the growth conditions and classify the diversity of the novel isolated deep marine psychrotolerant actinomycetes sp from the Bay-of-Bengal. 2) Screening for industrially important biocatalysts and determine the antimicrobial activities against the five dreadful pathogens. 3) The differential expression profiling of the candidate genes to regulate the biosynthesis of selected enzymes. Methods: The cold-adapted actinomycetes were isolated from the deep marine water collections at 1200 mts below the surface in Bay-of-Bengal. The phenotypic and genotypic characterizations have been carried out to understand the persistent diversity of this novel marine psychrotolerant actinomycetes species. The production of cold-active enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, and L-asparaginase, were screened and the expression profiling genes were determined by using qRT PCR. The antibacterial and antifungal activities have also been investigated. Results: A total number of 37 novel actinomycetes were isolated and the phenotypic and genotypic characterizations identified the genus, dominated by Streptomyces (17 distinct sub-groups) as the major group, followed by Micromonospora, Actinopolyspora, Actinosynnema, Streptoverticillium, Saccharopolyspora, Nocardiopsis, and Nocardia. The optimum growth and abundant mycelium formation are observed at 15°C to 20°C and also capability for thriving at 4°C. All the isolates exhibited a significant role in the production of biocatalysts, and the antagonistic activities were also noted against five major selected pathogens. Conclusion: The Streptomyces from the Bay-of-Bengal have high biosynthetic potential and can serve as a good resource for the exploration of bioactive natural products.


Abstract: Eggs and larvae of Huffmanela oleumimica n. sp. infect red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860), were collected from the Texas–Louisiana Shelf (28°16′36.58″N, 93°03′51.08″W) and are herein described using light and scanning electron microscopy. Eggs in skin comprised fields (1–5 × 1–12 mm; 250 eggs/mm2) of variously oriented eggs deposited in dense patches or in scribble-like tracks. Eggs had clear (larvae indistinct, principally vitelline material), amber (developing larvae present) or brown (fully developed larvae present; little, or no, vitelline material) shells and measured 46–54 μm (x̄ = 50; SD ± 1.6; n = 213) long, 23–33 (27 ± 1.4; 213) wide, 2–3 (3 ± 0.5; 213) in eggshell thickness, 18–25 (21 ± 1.1; 213) in vitelline mass width, and 36–42 (39 ± 1.1; 213) in vitelline mass length with protruding polar plugs 5–9 (7 ± 0.6; 213) long and 5–8 (6 ± 0.5; 213) wide. Fully developed larvae were 160–201 (176 ± 7.9) long and 7–8 (7 ± 0.5) wide, had transverse cuticular ridges, and were emerging from some eggs within and beneath epidermis. The new species differs from its congeners by having eggs <65 μm in total length and that have a brown eggshell when fully developed, an envelope throughout development, and irregularly-dispersed eggshell spines plus a larva >110 μm long with transverse cuticular ridges. The eggs lack a spindle-shaped envelope, polar filaments, and eggshell ridges. This is the first report of a species of Huffmanela from a snapper (Lutjanidae) or from the Gulf of Mexico. A table of egg and larval characteristics, hosts, and localities for Huffmanela spp. is provided.


The aim of this paper is to discuss how design thinking (and seeing) can be used in a shared, practice led research process in order to ensure that issues are formed collaboratively. To conceptualise some of these discussions in this paper we will be using a recent research project called: 'Create & Connect: Connecting female artisan craft producers in Zanzibar with tourist markets through Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking methodologies.' The project was a multi-disciplinary project that included academics from tourism, art & design and computing. The initial brief for the designers was to look at artisan products from the region and look at ways in which they might be improved and made to the taste of a broader tourist audience. It was important to adhere to a participatory design approach where the design and research would be with the users and not only on behalf of them. (Spinuzzi:2005) The previous research provided by the tourism academic highlighted that the female artisan craft-makers were primarily rural Muslim women, who had little knowledge and experience of the kind of people who might be buying their craft products as most of them were sold through NGOs. As we were trying to imagine 'oneself into another person's world' (Gunn & Donovan: 2012) we realised that coming into these women's world and showing them how to 'design' things better was not going to be enough, even if the designing was to be done collaboratively. PAR and its methodology of collective participation, is particularly concerned with the democratisation of knowledge making, inequalities of power and social exclusion (Chevalier & Buckles: 2013) and in order to facilitate these principles we really needed to find out about these women on a human scale and show a little of ourselves too, both as people and as designers.
We decided on a workshop approach that centered around meaning-making in design and how objects talk to people by the way they look and feel, which is also known as embodied or tacit knowledge (Polanyi:1958) The aim was to engage participants in a dialogue over how this tacit knowledge is embedded in objects and how designers can control what an object is 'saying' if they know who will be 'reading' it.
Because tacit knowledge is tacit power.


The importance of the nuclear spins in the analysis of alkali spin-exchange experiments employing optical pumping by circularly polarized light and performed in low magnetic fields is demonstrated. Since the exchange interaction is an electronic process, the spin-exchange cross section is expected to be essentially independent of the nuclear spins. However, the hyperfine coupling is sufficient to make the expressions for the signals depend upon the nuclear spins. Failure to include the nuclear-spin effects in the analysis can lead to errors as large as several hundred percent in the deduced cross sections. The signal for general nuclear spin is found for the Franzen-type transient experiment and for the Dehmelt-type steady-state experiment in the limit of low light intensity. The results are quite sensitive to the process assumed for the relaxation of the ground-state populations. The solutions are given for a general process in which randomly oriented disorientation fields interact with the spins of the alkali atom only through the electron spin. The steady-state-signal expression includes the effects of self spin exchange and partial disorientation in the excited state. Only the diagonal elements of the density matrix are included.