Abstract. Two studies examined the main assumption of the Prototype/Willingness Model for eating behavior. Accordingly, health-behavior in adolescents results from intentional and social-reactive processes, namely behavioral intentions and behavioral willingness. The hypothesis was that willingness explains eating behavior over and above intentions with respect to eating behavior in general and in the peer context. This was tested in a cross-sectional (N = 286) and a longitudinal (N = 335) study. Intentions and willingness were assessed for healthy and unhealthy eating, eating behavior using an eating pattern index, and observed food consumption in the peer context. Willingness explained variance in eating behavior over and above intentions. Intentional as well as social-reactive processes contribute to adolescents' eating behavior. Implications for practice are discussed.


BACKGROUND
Previous studies linking compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) and sexual health have shown mixed results, which could be due to the fact that different CSBD facets may have differential relationships with sexual functioning.

AIM
As CSBD is a multidimensional disorder, we wanted to investigate whether distinct CSBD domains are differentially related to sexual health.

METHODS
Two online studies were conducted-the first on a convenience sample (812 Polish participants; mean [SD] age, 22.07 [5.91] years) and a replication study on a representative sample of Polish adults (n = 1526; 43.02 [14.37]). Hierarchical regression was employed with sexual functioning as a predicted variable and CSBD symptoms as predictors.

OUTCOMES
The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale was used to assess CSBD symptoms, and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was used to measure sexual dysfunction.

RESULTS
In study 1, CSBD salience (β = -.20, P < .001) predicted hyperfunction (ie, stronger sex drive, easier sexual arousal, easier vaginal lubrication/penile erection, easier ability to reach an orgasm, and more satisfying orgasms). Yet, CSBD negative consequences (β = .15, P = .001) and dissatisfaction (β = .22, P < .001) predicted hypofunction (ie, weaker sex drive, more difficulties in sexual arousal, greater difficulties in vaginal lubrication/penile erection, less ability to reach an orgasm, and less satisfying orgasms). Similar results were found in study 2: salience (β = -.26, P < .001) and relapse (β = -.11, P = .004) predicted hyperfunction, while negative consequences (β = .12, P < .001) and dissatisfaction (β = .12, P < .001) predicted hypofunction.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Our results stress the importance of assessing the severity of each group of symptoms in patients with CSBD to better understand possible difficulties in their sexual functioning.

STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
Our studies are the first to evaluate the effects of each CSBD domain on sexual health. We also replicated results obtained from a convenience sample on a representative sample. The cross-sectional design of the current studies does not allow causal relations to be tested, so future longitudinal research should be carried out. We also gathered data from a general population-thus, it is important to replicate these results on patients diagnosed with CSBD.

CONCLUSION
Our research points out the differential impact of CSBD domains on sexual health: salience and relapse are related to sexual hyperfunction, while negative consequences and dissatisfaction to hypofunction.


PEGylation is a well-established and effective strategy to decrease immunogenicity, which can increase the stability and in vivo half-life time. However, the generation of multi-site modified products is inevitable due to the lysine chemistry, which will bring difficulties in subsequent research, such as purification and quantification. Site-specific modification by mPEG-succinimidyl carbonate (mPEG-SC) is a widely used method for N-terminal conjugation. In this study, we used it for site-directed modification on two ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) and momordica anti-HIV protein (MAP30), from Momordica charantia L. According to the optimization of previous modification conditions, we compared Macro-Cap SP with SP-Sepharose FF chromatography for separating the final mPEGylated RIPs. Two kinds of methods both can obtain homogenous mPEGylated RIPs which were identified by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (IEF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis. We also used iodine staining method to detect the amount of unmodified PEG. Furthermore, the inhibition activity of both mPEGylated and non-PEGylated RIPs against human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial A549 cells was detected. All of the results suggested that the mPEGylated α-MMC/MAP30 might be potentially developed as new anti-tumor drugs.


Automatic image exploitation is a critical technology for quick content analysis of high-resolution remote sensing images. The presence of a heliport on an image usually implies an important facility, such as military facilities. Therefore, detection of heliports can reveal critical
 information about the content of an image. In this article, two learning-based algorithms are presented that make use of artificial neural networks to detect H-shaped, light-colored heliports. The first algorithm is based on shape analysis of the heliport candidate segments using classical
 artificial neural networks. The second algorithm uses deep-learning techniques. While deep learning can solve difficult problems successfully, classical-learning approaches can be tuned easily to obtain fast and reasonable results. Therefore, although the main objective of this article is
 heliport detection, it also compares a deep-learning based approach with a classical learning-based approach and discusses advantages and disadvantages of both techniques.


ABSTRACT This paper makes an empirical evaluation of the relationship between financialisation and the Portuguese private consumption by performing a time series econometric analysis from the first quarter of 1996 to the third quarter of 2019. Framed within the post-Keynesian literature, financialisation has two contradictory effects on private consumption. The first one corresponds to the fall in the households' labour income, which favours a deceleration of private consumption. The second one corresponds to the increase of households' debt and the increase of households' financial and housing wealth, which favours an acceleration of private consumption. The global net effect of financialisation tends to be positive because the beneficial wealth effect suppresses the harmful income effect. We estimated a private consumption equation that includes four control variables (unemployment rate, inflation rate, short-term interest rate and long-term interest rate) and three variables linked to financialisation (labour income, net financial wealth and housing wealth). Our results confirm that labour income, net financial wealth and housing wealth are positive determinants of Portuguese private consumption. Our results also show that financialisation has represented an important driver of Portuguese private consumption, particularly due to the beneficial effects of net financial wealth.


AbstractThe subjective dimensions of globalization have not received even close to the level of attention that has been paid to the objective dimensions of global interchange and extension. Seeking to rectify this neglect, we argue that the subjective dimensions of globalization can be conceptualized in terms of three dimensions or levels: ideologies, imaginaries, and ontologies. The Occupy Movement in several global locations seeks to challenge global capitalism as the dominant system of economics. At the ideological level, activists connected to Occupy tend to engage in fierce contestation of the global structuring of greed, thus exhibiting clear signs of global rebellion. However, the terms of debate and critique tend to become increasingly uncontested as we go deeper into examining the dominant social imaginary and the ontologies of modern time and space that underpin this general sense of the global. Occupy is clearly an important variant of "justice globalism" that has inspired scores of young activists to protest against increasing inequality and the growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a tiny minority. Still, we suggest that this important alter-globalization movement often works within many of the same subjective frameworks and precepts as the market-globalist world that it criticizes.


Understanding how knowledge is created and propagates within groups is crucial to explain how human populations have evolved through time. Anthropologists have relied on different theoretical models to address this question. In this work, we introduce a mathematically oriented model that shares properties with individual based approaches, inhomogeneous Markov chains and learning algorithms, such as those introduced in [F. Cucker, S. Smale, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc, 39 (1), 2002] and [F. Cucker, S. Smale and D. X Zhou, Found. Comput. Math., 2004]. After deriving the model, we study some of its mathematical properties, and establish theoretical and quantitative results in a simplified case. Finally, we run numerical simulations to illustrate some properties of the model.


Effective decision-making underpins mental health nurses' capacity for providing person-centred, evidenced-based care. Whilst team environments have the potential to support effective decision-making, poor decision-making can occur when busy individuals, eager to please others, enable group consensus to pervade at the expense of thoughtful debate, reflection and negotiation. The promulgation of such 'groupthink' may negatively impact care. In this column, the concept of groupthink is explored and its impacts considered. Strategies for tackling groupthink are proposed in order to support effective leadership, thought diversity and the achievement of organisational and team goals.


Abstract #6075 We conducted a retrospective study of DRIT, an investigational diagnostic test to predict chemotherapy and endocrine therapy treatment outcomes in ABC. DRIT is a quantitative measurement of Drug Response Indicator (DRI) expression levels in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tumor tissue. DRI chosen for each drug is related to the perceived mechanism of action of the drug. The quantitative measurement of DRI expression in the tumor tissue is based on the fluorescent dye-labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) staining, followed by acquisition of digital images using computer-assisted microscopy, calibrated to an external standard. DRI expression measurement results in classification of the tumor as sensitive or resistant to a particular drug based on our invitro studies of drug sensitivity/resistance in cell lines. If a tumor is classified as sensitive to a drug/s by DRIT, this predicts that the patient (Pt) will respond to treatment, while if a tumor is classified as resistant this predicts that the Pt will not respond to the drug/s therapy. Clinically the treatment outcome is classified into a responsive group (non-progressive disease,CR, PR, SD) & a non-responsive group (progressive disease, PD). The drugs & DRI tested are: capcitabine/thymidylate synthase; Taxanes /β-tubulin isoform III, trastuzamab/HER-2, Endocrine therapy/estrogen receptor, gemcitabine/ribonucleotide reductase. 51 ABC received mono or doublet therapy as first 3 lines of therapy-(80 treatments). The percent accuracy (number of accurate predictions/number of treatment interventions) for monotherapy is 87% (61/70), 100% (10/10) for doublet therapy and 89% (71/80) for all treatments. The accuracy of prediction for responsive patients is 86% (60/69) and 100% (11/11) for non responsive patients. DRIT diagnostic performance for 80 treatment outcome predictions for endocrine therapy and mono and doublet chemotherapy is as follows: sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.55, positive predictive value 0.87, negative predictive value 1.00, and overall accuracy 0.88. For the standard of care outcomes, the favorable response rate for the 80 treatments is 75% (60/80), the potential favorable response rate with DRIT input is 86% (60/69) with 11 ineffective treatments identified by DRIT accurately 100% (11/11). Thus, DRIT input can identify effective (86%) & ineffective (100%) treatments in this cohort of ABC patients. DRIT is under developement as a diagnostic test to predict treatment outcomes prior to the selection of a particular drug for anticancer therapy, so that the most effective drug can be prescribed for an individual cancer patient. This retrospective study in ABC patients shows that DRIT has a potential to be a useful test to predict treatment outcomes.
 Supported in part by Maryland Industry Partnership Program – MIPS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6075.


Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease with considerable public health problem due to its person to person transmission, morbidity and mortality. To evaluate the performance of different laboratory methods such as direct microscopy, concentration methods and culture in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infected patients. Sputum samples were collected using standard procedure. For each sputum sample, four smears were prepared, one direct smear, second after processing by Petroff's method, third by NALC-NaOH method and fourth after processing by Sodium hypochlorite method. Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining was done on these smears using standard techniques. Deposit obtained after processing by Petroff's method and NALC-NaOH method were inoculated on to Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium and Middlebrook's 7H11 agar medium. A total of 75 HIV infected patients presenting with symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. 11 (14.6%) were direct sputum smear positive and 13 (17.3%) were AFB positive after concentration and culture positive. Out of 139 sputum samples tested, 22 (15.8%) were positive in direct smear. 25 samples, (18%) were positive for AFB after concentration and culture. We conclude that concentration methods are sensitive and reliable in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB in HIV infected patients. Sodium hypoclorite and Petroff's concentration methods are simple, cost effective and reliable provided centrifugation is done at 3800xg. Culture methods are sensitive and specific but take time for growth of M. tuberculosis (4-6 weeks).


Variational autoencoders (VAEs) often suffer from posterior collapse, which is a phenomenon in which the learned latent space becomes uninformative. This is often related to a hyperparameter resembling the data variance. It can be shown that an inappropriate choice of this parameter causes oversmoothness and leads to posterior collapse in the linearly approximated case and can be empirically verified for the general cases. Therefore, we propose AR-ELBO (Adaptively Regularized Evidence Lower BOund), which controls the smoothness of the model by adapting this variance parameter. In addition, we extend VAE with alternative parameterizations on the variance parameter to deal with non-uniform or conditional data variance. The proposed VAE extensions trained with AR-ELBO show improved Fréchet inception distance (FID) on images generated from the MNIST and CelebA datasets.


Quantum dots are a promising source of entangled photon pairs. Recent advances have shown nearly dephasing-free entanglement from quantum dots embedded in semiconductor nanowires. An outstanding challenge with these sources is the presence of the so-called fine-structure splitting, which is the lifting of spin degeneracy of the exciton state due to quantum dot potential asymmetry. This fine-structure splitting causes the output state to precess rapidly, which is degrades the quality of measured entanglement due to finite detector temporal response and is undesirable for applications where preparation of a consistent state is needed. The effects of fine-structure splitting can be "erased" once the photons have been emitted using a flexible all-optical approach. This optical fine-structure eraser scheme requires a rapidly rotating half-waveplate, which cannot be implemented with commercially available off-the-shelf systems. This thesis presents the operation of an electro-optic modulator which can emulate a rotating half-waveplate at the required speeds, and demonstrates frequency conversion with an efficiency of 92%.


This paper summarized the basic results of the philosophical discussion that was held in the Institute of Philosophy of Russian Academy of Sciences on April 25, 2019. The authors had been the main opponents of Andrey Krushinskiy approach, according to which there are processes of monopolization of discourse domain by the European conceptual apparatus of philosophy in the contemporary Chinese philosophy. In other words, in opinion of Andrey Krushinskiy, this "conceptual Eurocentrism" is the future of every possible attempt of philosophizing in any national philosophical tradition, and there is no possibility to philosophize outside this European philosophical terminology. This approach is to be balanced by two critical arguments, which can be conventionally named as "civilization bound argumentation" (Andrew Paribok) and argumentationad professionem(Ruzana Pskhu). The first one states that all things which can confirm Krushinskiy approach have extrinsic value, not philosophical or conceptual. And the second one states that the double professionalism, which could include both European approach and the absolute competency in non-European tradition, compared with the level of its representative, is beyond the possibilities of any human mind (exceptional geniuses are excluded). Demonstration of this assertion is accomplished on the base of investigation of Sanskrit by European scholars.


This research was aimed to find out the students' difficulties and factor causes students difficult to pronounce English fricative consonant at the Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Jambi. The research methodology of this study was quantitative descriptive research which involved population and sample. The total population of this research was the XI MIPA 1 students of SMAN 1 Kota Jambi, which consisted of 36 students. In collecting the data, the researcher gave test and interview at the class. The result of the research showed that the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Kota Jambi got difficulties in pronouncing English fricative consonant sounds of dental and labiodental. The students' difficulties in pronouncing fricative consonant are producing sound (/ θ /, /ð/, and /v/). The highest percentage of the students score was 95% and the lowest was 15%. Where the mean score of the students' test was 42,28% with a fair categories and percentage of students score test were /θ/ 76,11%, sound /ð/ 77,78%, /f/ 5%, and sound /v/ 57,22%. The factors of students' difficulties in pronouncing English fricative consonant are; the influence of students' mother language, the lack of students' knowledge about English sound system and the unsuccessful in using borrowed English words.


Research summary: The dominant view has been that businesses that are more related to each other are more often combined within diversified firms. This study uses a dynamic model to demonstrate that, with inter-temporal economies of scope, diversified firms are more likely to combine moderately related businesses than the most-related businesses. That effect occurs because strong relatedness reduces redeployment costs and makes firms redeploy all resources to better performing businesses. The strength of that effect depends on inducements for redeployment measured as the current return advantage of one business over another business, volatilities of business returns, and correlation of those returns. This study develops hypotheses for those relationships and suggests empirical operationalizations, encouraging empiricists to retest the implications of relatedness for the dynamics of corporate diversification.

Managerial summary: It is believed that diversified firms are more likely to combine more-related businesses because relatedness enables sharing of resources between businesses. Indeed, a firm can apply knowledge created in one business to another business, avoiding costly duplication in knowledge development. Resource sharing also adds value when a firm offers several products, adding the convenience of one-stop shopping and charging higher prices. However, resource sharing is not the only motivation for corporate diversification. In environments where profitability of businesses changes frequently, firms diversify by redeploying part of resources from an underperforming business to a better performing business. This study uses a dynamic model to demonstrate that, with that second motivation for corporate diversification, firms end up combining moderately related businesses rather than the most-related businesses. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Collagenase-1 is invariantly expressed by migrating basal keratinocytes in all forms of human skin wounds, and its expression is induced by contact with native type I collagen. However, net differences in enzyme production between acute and chronic wounds may be modulated by soluble factors present within the tissue environment. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, FGF-9), which are produced during wound healing, inhibited collagenase-1 expression by keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner. However, KGF was >100-fold more effective than bFGF at inhibiting collagenase-1 expression, suggesting that this differential signaling is transduced via an FGF receptor that binds these ligands with different affinities. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of human keratinocyte mRNA for fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) revealed expression of only FGFR-2 IIIb, the KGF-specific receptor, which also binds bFGF with low affinity, and FGFR-3 IIIb, which does not bind bFGF or KGF. FGFRs that bind bFGF with high affinity were not detected. Our results suggest that bFGF and KGF inhibit collagenase-1 expression through the KGF cell-surface receptor (FGFR-2 IIIb). Because bFGF induces collagenase-1 in most cell types, cell-specific expression of FGFR family members may dictate the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in a tissue-specific manner.


The paper describes a two stage model of households' food demand by income groups in Turkey. Demand for the food aggregate is represented by a Working-Leser type single equation model while demand for eight dictict food types is modelled in a complete demand system using the LA/AIDS functional form. Estimation is based on household budget survey data for 1994. The results indicate that the medium, high and the highest income households' demands are responsive to prices, income and socio-demographic variables. Demand by the low and lowest income households were responsive to income and prices only.


Abstract Monitoring injected CO2 is a regulatory requirement to assure safe storage and is also an important tool to optimize injection operations and confirm storage volumes. We will present the monitoring plan for the Norwegian full-scale CO2 project, particularly focusing on the subsurface monitoring. The CO2 will be injected into a deep saline aquifer at approximately 2700 m depth, located approximately 80 km offshore the western coast of Norway. Monitorability, cost and assessing leakage risk at the selected injection site were all important components in designing the optimal monitoring programme, which is aimed at proving conformance (CO2 plume behaving in accordance with predictions) and containment (no leakage out of the storage complex). The monitoring programme is separated into planned and triggered monitoring components. The planned component consists of down-hole monitoring of the well and near well area, and seismic monitoring (active and passive) of the larger subsurface area. In the case where the planned monitoring indicates non-conformance or non-containment, additional monitoring actions may be triggered. This contingency monitoring will be tailored to the specific case at hand and may consist of components of subsurface monitoring and/or of environmental surveys if there are indications of a risk of release to seabed.


Anecdotal evidence suggests that Web document summaries provide the sighted reader with a basis for making decisions regarding the route to take within non-linear text; and additional research shows that sighted people use 'Gist' summaries as decision points to bolster their browsing behaviour. Other studies have found that visually impaired users are hindered in their cognition of the content of Web-pages because users must wait for an entire Web-page to be read before deciding on it's usefulness to their current task. In these cases, we draw similarities between sighted and visually impaired users, in that sighted users cannot see the target of a Web Anchor and are therefore 'handicapped'1 by the technology. Previously, we have investigate four simple summarisation algorithms against each other and a manually created summary; producing empirical evidence as a formative evaluation. This evaluation concludes that users prefer simple automatically generated 'gist' summaries thereby reducing cognitive overload and increasing awareness of the focus of the Web-page under investigation. In this paper we focus on the development of 'FireFox' based tool which creates a summary of a Web page 'on-the-fly'. The algorithm used to create this summary is based on the results of our formative evaluation which automatically and dynamically annotates Web pages with the generated 'gist' summary. In this way visually impaired users are supported in their decisions as the relevancy of the page at hand.


This is the first case report of the preoperative diagnosis of a gastric epithelioid leiomyosarcoma by percutaneous needle biopsy. Preoperative diagnosis facilitated curative surgical resection. Patients may present without symptoms or may report symptoms of peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal series is the most useful radiological tool for detecting these lesions. Ultrasound and CT play a useful role in documenting the origin of these large masses, as well as their spread. Endoscopy is being used with increasing frequency, but because these are submucosal lesions diagnosis cannot easily be made through the endoscope. Pathologically, these tumors can be subdivided histologically into a benign epithelioid leiomyoma and two varieties of malignant epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. Prognosis correlates with histological features. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy have no proven efficacy in treating epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. Unlike most other gastric malignancies, a favorable prognosis follows successful resection.


Intoxication has been a phenomenon since time immemorial. Alcoholic beverages play a central role in South African life and culture. Millions of rands are spent annually by government on "Arrive Alive" and "Zero Tolerance" campaigns in the fight against drunken driving. The liquor industry advertises aggressively, linking its products to positive cultural symbols and social needs. The use of alcohol and drugs is, however, also associated with personal, social and legal problems. The role of alcohol and drugs in South Africa's escalating crime rate cannot be ignored. According to Jacobs, alcohol abuse is involved in a quarter of all admissions to general hospitals in the United States of America. This is precisely the reason that government put a total ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages when the Covid pandemic hit South Africa and hospitals were flooded with Covid patients. Alcohol abuse also plays a major role in the four most common causes of death of men aged 20 to 40: suicide, accidents, murder and cirrhosis of the liver. On 9 May 2022, the World Health Organization stated that the harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. A million deaths annually result from harmful use of alcohol globally, which amounts to 5,3 per cent of all deaths worldwide. It was further stated that alcohol consumption causes death and disability relatively early in life; in mortalities of persons aged 20–39 years, approximately 13,5 per cent of total deaths are attributable to alcohol. It is, therefore, alarming that people who become voluntarily drunk, to this day, still stand a chance of being acquitted in South African courts if the evidence reveals that, at the time of the act, the accused happened to fall into the grey area between "slightly drunk" and "very drunk". This legal position was once again confirmed in the case of S v Ramdass. The decision represents yet another instance where an accused who committed alleged crimes in a state of voluntary intoxication was acquitted on both counts. South Africa's legal position on voluntary intoxication is clearly at odds with the global and national call for stricter regulations on the public's excessive use of alcohol, which makes a consideration of the Ramdass judgment, and the policy behind it, deserving of closer analysis.


In this paper, new classes of cone-generalized (Phi,Rho)-convex functions are introduced for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones, which subsume several known studied classes. Using these generalized functions,  various sufficient Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) type  nonsmooth optimality conditions are established wherein Clarke's generalized gradient is used. Further, we prove duality results for both Wolfe and Mond-Weir type duals under various types of cone-generalized (Phi,Rho)-convexity assumptions. Phi,Rho


This guide provides information related to the 2013 First Year Experience reading selection, The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg.


The number of students graduating from accredited programs has been increasing annually since the first students graduated from accredited engineering programs in Korean universities in 2004. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of engineering education accreditation by the Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea (ABEEK). We developed performance evaluation indices based on the balanced scorecard concept and applied the proposed indicators to graduates, faculty, and industry employers to see if there are significant differences between accredited and non-accredited groups. Overall, regardless of survey object, engineering education accreditation was perceived to contribute to the elevation of engineering and science and the level of national growth. However, the differences between accredited and non-accredited groups for some key performance indicators were statistically insignificant. The results of this paper are expected to provide crucial feedback information for the improvement of engineering education accreditation in Korea.


A variety of corticosteroids were evaluated as ouabain antagonists in the isolated cat papillary muscle preparation. Aldosterone, 2α-methyl 9α-fluorocortisol, deoxycorticosterone, 9α-fluorocortisol, dexamethasone and corticosterone antagonized the positive inotropic effect of ouabain at 37°C in low-calcium buffer. Cortisol, Reichstein's Substance S, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, prednisolone and 6α-methylprednisolone did not antagonize ouabain. At concentrations much higher than those of other effective corticosteroids, progesterone also antagonized ouabain. However, this antagonism occurred after a large negative inotropic effect and probably represents a toxic response. At 27°C aldosterone failed to antagonize ouabain, but at this lower temperature aldosterone exerted a much greater positive inotropic effect than at 37°C. A dual receptor mechanism hypothesis is offered to explain tentatively both the inotropic and anti-ouabain effects of aldosterone.


Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) technology has been applied clinically since the 1980s. Numerous papers have addressed a variety of systematic error sources and indicated different calibration methods. The Sussex Mk4 Electrical Impedance Mammography (EIM) system has been developed for the investigation of early stage breast lesions. Investigations have shown that the system performance is subjected to a number of systematic errors: frequencies-dependant noise level due to both internal and external sources; stray capacitance within both PCB tracks and cable connections; and artefacts generated by patient movement during scanning etc. This paper reports upon several traditional and novel calibration methods utilized to reduce some of these errors in the acquired signals before image reconstruction. Techniques used include frequency spectrum analysis, filtering, phase calibration and other means of noise reduction. Results of both before and after calibration are presented and analyzed. The conclusion is reached that the signal quality of the Sussex Mk4 EIM system is such that the system is, post-calibrated, capable of producing images for the diagnosis of breast cancer.


Lithostratigraphy of the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in the basement of the Polish Western Carpathians has been elaborated. The Devonian has been subdivided into five informal lithostratigraphic units (I-V). Although index fossils are usually lacking, the age of some units has been determined based on foraminifera. The top part of unit IV (laminated limestones) contains uniserial foraminifera of the Upper Frasnian. The Famennian foraminifera occur in the vadose deposits of unit V. The foraminifers in the Lower Carboniferous limestones provide better evidence of stratigraphy. This fauna is rich in number of specimens and even more diversified in taxa, thus allowing to distinguish the Tournaisian and Visean forarninferal zones: Cf1 (Tn 1b-Tn2) and Cf2(Tn3), and Cf5(V2b-V3a) and Cf6(V3bc).


Abstract The Bourbaki–Witt principle states that any progressive map on a chain-complete poset has a fixed point above every point. It is provable classically, but not intuitionistically. We study this and related principles in an intuitionistic setting. Among other things, we show that Bourbaki–Witt fails exactly when the trichotomous ordinals form a set, but does not imply that fixed points can always be found by transfinite iteration. Meanwhile, on the side of models, we see that the principle fails in realisability toposes, and does not hold in the free topos, but does hold in all cocomplete toposes.


Hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau has been implicated in dementia, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. In contrast, site-specific phosphorylation of tau at threonine 205 (T205) by the kinase p38γ was shown to disengage tau from toxic pathways, serving a neuroprotective function in Alzheimer's disease. Using a viral-mediated gene delivery approach in different mouse models of epilepsy, we show that p38γ activity-enhancing treatment reduces seizure susceptibility, restores neuronal firing patterns, reduces behavioral deficits, and ameliorates epilepsy-induced deaths. Furthermore, we show that p38γ-mediated phosphorylation of tau at T205 is essential for this protection in epilepsy, as a lack of this critical interaction reinstates pathological features and accelerates epilepsy in vivo. Hence, our work provides a scope to harness p38γ as a future therapy applicable to acute neurological conditions.


Photoluminescence (PL) was one of the useful characterization techniques for direct-band-gap and high-quantum-efficiency materials in the past. PL is now used to characterize silicon epitaxial layers or wafers in a nondestructive and contactless way at room temperature. In this research, we use a Silicon Photoenhanced Recombination (SiPHER) PL system with a 532 nm or a 827 nm wavelength. The high-intensity laser source of 1 μm or 1 mm in diameter was able to map the entire wafer at modest resolution or scan a smaller area at higher resolution. This PL system detects two signals, the PL intensity and the surface reflectance (SR) intensity, from the test sample. The PL intensity strongly depends on the surface recombination velocity, bulk lifetime, and trap density. The SR intensity depends on surface condition, layer thickness and optical properties. We have determined the carrier distribution in semiconductors following light excitation and use these distributions to calculate the PL signals to extract various surface recombination velocities and other recombination components. We focus on how the surface recombination varies widely even in high-lifetime wafers or layers because it depends on the state of the surface, i.e., bare, passivated, contaminated, oxidized, etc. The surface recombination velocity (Sr) has a major effect on the lifetime. If the number of bulk traps is low; hence, the Sr can be extracted from the PL measurement. To determine the Sr, we measured the PL intensity ratio (RPL) and optical reflection at the two exciting wavelengths. We prepared various treated surface samples and measured the PL, SR, and RPL; then, we quantized surface recombination velocity for each sample. The values of the Sr were 2 × 104, 6 × 104, and 8 × 104 cm/s for the control, the soft scrubbed sample, and the hard-scratched sample, respectively.


This Research seeks to answer the main question that why India should be the permanent member of the Security Council and what is the Iran's attitude about India's candidacy? India is a country that is actively involved in United Nations peacekeeping operations, democratic country and has nuclear power. A growing economy and the world's second most populous country. From this view, Membership of India in the Security Council could realize equitable geographical distribution. Considering central role of India in the Non-Aligned Movement would support the interests of developing countries, As well as cause changes in specific uniformity in dominant ideology of security. Considering criticize the IRI to the Security Council unjust structure and history of peaceful, civilization, culture and political relations with India, IRI has positive view about Security Council reform, and India's permanent membership in this Council.


We consider the ground-state energy of a tight-binding polaron in a polar crystal. This system is represented by the Frohlich Hamiltonian in which the effective-mass kinetic term is replaced by the kinetic energy of an electron in the lattice potential. Also, a Debye cut-off is made on the phonon wavevectors. We write this Hamiltonian in a tight-binding representation and evaluate an upper bound to its ground-state energy using the Fock approximation of Matz and Burkey. This treatment is valid for any coupling strength and any degree of adiabaticity. We find three possible configurations: a weak-coupling band state, a strong-coupling band state and a self-trapped state. The existence of these states depends on the value of two parameters: the electron-phonon coupling strength and the electronic bandwidth. We also evaluate the limits of validity of the continuum approximation for crystals of finite bandwidth by evaluating explicitly the corrections to the continuum approximation. We conclude that for small electron-phonon coupling ( alpha <2.7) the continuum approximation is very good, that the strong-coupling band state does not exist in real crystals and that the self-trapped state can be found in narrow-band polar materials.


Challenges of the current environment are balanced by opportunities – more digital delivery, more efficient systems, greater collaboration. Consumption has not reduced, but delivery mechanisms need adaptation to ensure the right products in the right media are offered and delivered. Changes to the cost base by redeploying staff and rethinking premises are underway and support improved resource allocation. Leadership is required to accommodate adaptive and flexible remote working. Ensuring access and implementing licences that permit non‐commercial use is both a moral and a practical response.


The large flexibility of the AWG configuration is demonstrated, showing that the device can be designed also to implement the discrete and fractional Fourier transforms. New configurations for QAM- and PSK-modulators are presented, as well as for polarization grating devices.


he Applied Physics Laboratory's legacy in radar systems dates back to World War II. By comparison, experience in infrared (IR) technology is quite recent, beginning at a low level in the 1970s and escalating in the 1980s. Interest in IR systems for naval area defense applications was prompted by the increasing sophistication of air threats and the potential benefit of rapid advances in IR technology. Today, a large portion of the Laboratory's Navy mission work is IR systems. This article discusses the evolution and highlights of IR systems engineering, test, and evaluation capabilities at the Laboratory. (


Exploiting mechanical instabilities and elastic nonlinearities is an emerging means for designing deployable structures. This methodology is applied here to investigate and tailor a morphing component used to reduce airframe noise, known as a slat-cove filler (SCF). The vortices in the cove between the leading edge slat and the main wing are among the important sources of airframe noise. The concept of an SCF was proposed in previous works as an effective means of mitigating slat noise by directing the airflow along an acoustically favorable path. A desirable SCF configuration is one that minimizes: (i) the energy required for deployment through a snap-through event; (ii) the severity of the snap-through event, as measured by kinetic energy, and (iii) mass. Additionally, the SCF must withstand cyclical fatigue stresses and displacement constraints. Both composite and shape memory alloy (SMA)-based SCFs are considered during approach and landing maneuvers because the deformation incurred in some regions may not demand the high strain recoverable capabilities of SMA materials. Nonlinear structural analyses of the dynamic behavior of a composite SCF are compared with analyses of similarly tailored SMA-based SCF and a reference, uniformly thick superelastic SMA-based SCF. Results show that by exploiting elastic nonlinearities, both the tailored composite and SMA designs decrease the required actuation energy compared to the uniformly thick SMA. Additionally, the choice of composite material facilitates a considerable weight reduction where the deformation requirement permits its use. Finally, the structural behavior of the SCF designs in flow are investigated by means of preliminary fluid-structure interaction analysis.


In marginally twisted bilayer graphene, the Moiré pattern consists of the maximized AB (BA) stacking regions, minimized AA stacking regions and triangular networks of domain walls. Here we realize the strain-modulated electronic structures of marginally twisted bilayer graphene by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental data show four peaks near the Fermi energy at the AA regions. DFT calculations indicate that the two new peaks closer to the Fermi level may originate from the intrinsic heterostrain and the electric field implemented by back gate is likely to account for the observed shift of the four peaks. Furthermore, the dI/dV map across Moiré patterns with different strain strengths exhibits a distinct appearance of the helical edge states.


This paper provides a lexical entry schema for exclusives covering the adverbs only, just, exclusively, merely, purely, solely, simply, and the adjectives only, sole, pure, exclusive and alone. We argue, on the basis of inter-paraphrasability relations among these exclusives and entailments involving at least and at most, that all of these items make an at-issue contribution of an upper bound on the viable answers to the current question under discussion (expressible with at most), and signal that a lower bound on those answers (expressible with at least) is taken for granted. The lexical entry schema accommodates two main points of variation, which makes it possible to capture the differences in meaning among these terms: (i) semantic type (restricted to the class of modifiers), and (ii) constraints on the current question under discussion or the strength ranking over its alternative possible answers. We propose 22 different specific instantiations of the schema for exclusives in English.


Microorganisms play a vital role in heavy metal contaminated soil and wastewater by the mechanisms of
biosorption. In this study, heavy metal resistant bacteria were isolated from an electroplating industrial effluent samples that uses copper, cadmium and lead for plating. These isolates were characterized to evaluate their applicability for heavy metal removal from industrial wastewaters. The physico-chemical parameters of the samples were initially analyzed. The optimum conditions of pH, biomass concentration and heavy metal concentration were determined for the microbial growth on biosorbents and correlated with heavy metal removal. The observed optimum conditions were applied for the biosorption process carried out in immobilized and dead bacterial isolates. The biosorption of immobilized cells of
Bacillus sp. was 69.34% of Cu, Pseudomonas sp. was 90.41% of Cd and Micrococcus sp. was 84.27% of
Pb, whereas the dead cells of Bacillus sp. was 44.73% of Cu, Pseudomonas sp. was 86.66% of Cd and Micrococcus sp. was 79.22%. Experimental results reveal that all the immobilized isolates have potential application for the removal of Cu, Cd and Pb from industrial wastewater than the dead bacterial cells.


Ulota pygmaeothecia (Mull.Hal.) Kindb. and Ulota luteola (Hook.f. & Wilson) Wijk & Margad. are two epiphytic mosses from the evergreen Magellanic rainforests of southern South America. Both mosses have been considered as distinct species since their original description, with their specific status retained following the comprehensive review by Nicolajs Malta of South American Ulota (1927). Recently the synonymization of U. pygmaeothecia and U. luteola was proposed (Wang & Jia 2016), based mainly on the similarities stated in the protologues and the study of the available type specimens of U. pygmaeothecia and U. fulvella , as the type materials of U. luteola were lost in the mail. In the present paper, all available type material for names associated with these two taxa, together with additional specimens recently collected, have been studied in depth. As a result, it has been found that both mosses show important sporophytic and gametophytic differences, both qualitative and quantitative, that allow for a precise distinction between them and they are reinstated here as distinct species. The morphological features that best differentiate U. luteola and U. pygmaeothecia are discussed and illustrated with light microscope and SEM pictures. Finally, an updated and detailed description of each species is presented.


The article examines how and why a new independent trade union was established in McDonald's Japan in 2006. We discuss these developments both within the McDonald's 'system' and the broader context of the growth of community unions in the Japanese employment system. The findings suggest that the 'McUnion' could be seen as a new form of trade union organizing in Japan; unlike an enterprise union it is independent of the employer and recruits 'non-regular' workers, yet unlike most community unions is established in one large employer, on a national rather than regional basis, has largely retained its membership and was established and operates with the direct involvement of the main Japanese Trade Union Confederation, Rengo.


In response to consumer concerns about sustainability of food production and distribution systems, and the difficulties many agricultural producers face to self-sustain while providing the quality of products consumers desire, alternatives to market-based exchange are developing. Solidarity-based food systems (SFS) based on relationships of mutual trust, dependency and support between consumers and producers are an example. SFS are designed to insulate producers from market pressures and alleviate consumers' mistrust in market-based mechanisms. A network of SFS has formed in Germany under the name Solidarische Landwirtschaft (Solawi). Theories based on economic principles that help explain the way alternatives to market-based transactions in agriculture are organized are still lacking. The article suggests Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) as helpful to gain a better understanding of how these organizations form and function. The governance structures Solawis create are considered hybrid organizations according to TCE. Qualitative research methods are used to generate detailed accounts of the governance structures of four Solawis and the reasons behind the decisions of individual actors to participate. Effectiveness of TCE in evaluating these structures is analyzed. Based on the results, the concept of transaction benefits is suggested as a potential augmentation of TCE to improve its applicability to SFS.


Summary Objectives: To summarise the state of the art during the year 2018 in consumer health informatics and education, with a special emphasis on the special topic of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook for 2019: "Artificial intelligence in health: new opportunities, challenges, and practical implications". Methods: We conducted a systematic search of articles published in PubMed using a predefined set of queries that identified 99 potential articles for review. These articles were screened according to topic relevance and 14 were selected for consideration as best paper candidates. The 14 papers were then presented to a panel of international experts for full paper review and scoring. Three papers that received the highest score were discussed in a consensus meeting and were agreed upon as best papers on artificial intelligence in health for patients and consumers in the year 2018. Results: Only a small number of 2018 papers reported Artificial Intelligence (AI) research for patients and consumers. No studies were found on AI applications designed specifically for patients or consumers, nor were there studies that elicited patient and consumer input on AI. Currently, the most common use of AI for patients and consumers lies in secondary analysis of social media data (e.g., online discussion forums). In particular, the three best papers shared a common methodology of using data-driven algorithms (such as text mining, topic modelling, Latent Dirichlet allocation modelling), combined with insight-led approaches (e.g., visualisation, qualitative analysis and manual review), to uncover patient and consumer experiences of health and illness in online communities. Conclusions: While discussion remains active on how AI could 'revolutionise' healthcare delivery, there is a lack of direction and evidence on how AI could actually benefit patients and consumers. Perhaps instead of primarily focusing on data and algorithms, researchers should engage with patients and consumers early in the AI research agenda to ensure we are indeed asking the right questions, and that important use cases and critical contexts are identified together with patients and consumers. Without a clear understanding on why patients and consumers need AI in the first place, or how AI could support individuals with their healthcare needs, it is difficult to imagine the kinds of AI applications that would have meaningful and sustainable impact on individual daily lives.


Background: The population of people with disabilities (PWD) in Spain, according to available data reveals high rates of unemployment (20.34%) and, more alarmingly, a low rate of paid work within this collective at 35.5%. One of the possible causes of this low level of work may be related to the receipt of allowances that would seem to have an inhibiting effect on employment. Specific aims: The aim of this project was to investigate the effects of receiving an allowance on work and employment in PWD. We also studied compatibility between non-contributory allowances and work. Method: This involved working with a sample of 2,259 PWD nationwide, these mainly being men (57.61%). The methodology used was both quantitative and qualitative. Findings: The study results showed that people who receive an allowance, whether contributory or non-contributory, reveal unemployment rates higher than in the remainder of PWD. Similarly, recipients of allowances are mainly inactive while PWD not in receipt of an allowance are mainly active. Discussion: While the pension system is necessary, this must be very flexible in compatibility with the job and be accompanied by incentive measures for access.


We prove the global classical solvability of initial-boundary problems for semilinear first-order hyperbolic systems subjected to local and nonlocal nonlinear boundary conditions. We also establish lower bounds for the order of nonlinearity demarkating a frontier between regular cases (classical solvability) and singular cases (blow-up of solutions).


In various micronutrient-deficient countries, wheat is used as staple food, comprise more than 50% of the diet. Like many staple foods, wheat contain low concentration of iron (Fe). About two billion people globally have iron deficiency, especially in the regions where staple foods are based on cereal crops such as wheat. Because of high rate of Fe deficiency cases, increased Fe intake through staple food has become the main focused research area globally. As wheat is main source of protein and dietary energy for human beings, its potential to support reducing malnutrition related to Fe can be increased through producing genetically modified wheat varieties with high concentration of Fe. High Fe concentration in cereal crop is a major challenge. Even though during wheat is commonly fortify, promising and more long term solution is biofortification of wheat, which bases on the production of new wheat varieties with characteristically higher concentration of iron. Till now, may researches, which focused on increasing Fe in wheat, aimed at producing natural varieties in progenitor or related species. This review focused on the promising and sustainable approaching to maintain the improve concentration of iron in wheat.


Reactions of the group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes [Cp'2 M(η(2) -Me3 SiC2 SiMe3 )] [Cp'2 =rac-(ebthi)=rac-1,2-ethylene-1,1'-bis(η(5) -tetrahydroindenyl): M=Ti, Zr, Hf; Cp'2 =Cp*2 (Cp*=η(5) -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl): M=Zr] with 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (2-xylyl isonitrile, XyNC) were investigated. Depending on the metal, the Cp' ligand, and/or the stoichiometry, as well as the reaction temperature and time, different products were obtained. The products included simple end-on coordination compounds of XyNC in addition to those of the coupling of Me3 SiC2 SiMe3 with two, three, or four isonitriles to form enimine complexes, aza-metallacycloallenes, and fused heterocyclic systems, respectively. One example of the latter tricyclic compounds was subject to demetalation by using HCl. Molecular structures of the heterometallacycles were determined by X-ray crystallography. The interconversion of the products was investigated by (1) H NMR spectroscopy.


PURPOSE
Tipifarnib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of farnesyl transferase, has activity in hematologic malignancies, but the dose required to achieve the proposed biologic end point, inhibition of farnesylation, is unknown.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The impact on post-translational farnesylation was assessed in 42 patients with refractory hematologic malignancies and bone marrow involvement. Tipifarnib was taken orally for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. For cycle 1, patients were randomly assigned to one of four dose levels: 100 mg bid, 200 mg bid, 300 mg bid, and 600 mg bid. In cycle 1, peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells were analyzed for inhibition of HDJ2 prenylation by Western blot analysis at baseline and on day 21.

RESULTS
Twenty-three patients were assessable for analysis of HDJ2 prenylation before and after therapy. Inhibition of farnesylation was noted at all dose levels, although the highest level of inhibition was noted at the 300-mg-bid dose. The inhibition of farnesylation in the peripheral blood correlated with the inhibition in the bone marrow (r = 0.62). Of the 26 patients assessable for clinical activity after cycle 1, three patients had a significant decrease in total blasts count (acute myeloid leukemia in two patients, and chronic myelogenous leukemia in one patient). The inhibition of farnesylation was greater in the three responders than the nonresponders (P = .03).

CONCLUSION
Farnesylation as measured by HDJ2 analysis was inhibited at all dose levels administered. Clinical activity may correlate with the degree of farnesylation inhibition, rather than dose of tipifarnib, and escalation beyond 300 mg bid might not result in additional clinical activity.


Hyperresponsiveness is hypersensitivity of irritative bronchial receptors, when they respond with bronchospasm and appearance of wheezes in the lungs to the impact of specific and nonspecific stimuli. Aim. Determining the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients who have had ARVI. Materials and methods. We examined 80 persons aged 20 to 60 years with ARVI including: men - 43, women - 37. In all patients we studied respiratory function (RV): measured vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), maximum flow rate at large bronchi (MEF75), maximum flow rate at secondary bronchi (MEF50), maximum flow rate at the level of the small bronchi (MEF25). Those patients (50), in which marked paroxysmal cough under normal RV we performed a test with beta-blockers to detect latent bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Results. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was found in 62.25% of patients (53), of whom in 39.6% patients ARVI observed on the background of pneumonia (21) and in 22.6% men – on the background of acute bronchitis (12), the remaining 37.7% (20) had ARVI without complications. ARVI patients without bronchial hyperresponsiveness (47) had complication of pneumonia in 23.4% (11) and acute bronchitis - in 14.9% (7). Conclusion: ARVI can be a predictor of bronchial hyperresponsiveness. With the development of complications of ARVI (such as pneumonia or acute bronchitis) there is an increase of cases of bronchial hyperresponsiveness.


OBJECTIVES
Study of overweight and obesity among women from modest neighborhoods in Casablanca and the related factors influencing this phenomenon.

DESIGN
A survey was conducted in 6 neighborhoods of Casablanca using multistage cluster sampling. Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured, and information about food habits, sociodemographic situation and body image perception were collected using a questionnaire.

PARTICIPANTS
425 adult women from popular neighborhoods in Casablanca.

RESULTS
We found a prevalence of 47% obesity and 36% overweight. Obesity and overweight exceeded 80% in all age categories except among women < 25 years, where we found a prevalence of 44% overweight. Furthermore, abdominal obesity prevalence was high in all age categories with an overall prevalence of 67%. Body image perception data showed that 62% women perceived their weight as being either normal or insufficient, 46% of those women were, in fact, either overweight or obese. Fattening products were used by 12% of the population at least once, especially by women < 35 years, 68% of these women were overweight or obese at the time of the study.

CONCLUSIONS
The problem of obesity in this society is amplified by its perception of a regular weight and by the use of fattening substances even among young and educated women.


Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based liver tissue engineering on nanofibrous scaffold holds great promise for cell-based therapy in liver injuries and end-stage liver failure treatments. MSCs were generated from umbilical cord blood. Hepatogenic differentiation was induced on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture system and characterized by morphology, scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and gene expression. Albumin and α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in culture supernatants were measured. Differentiated cells were administered intravenous into a murine model of carbon tetra induced liver cirrhosis. After 12 weeks of injection, liver pathology was examined. The hepatogenic differentiated MSCs stained positively for albumin, alpha fetoprotein, HepPar1, cytokeratin 7 and 18, and OV6 with more mature cells, hexagonal in shape with central nuclei forming large sheets in groups in 3D culture system. AAT secretion and indocyanine green uptake were significantly increased in 3D system. In experimental model, MSC-3D treated group exhibited maximal restoration of liver architecture with absent septal fibrosis and marked improvement of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and mild increase in albumin. Both 3D and 2D culture system are effective in functional hepatogenic differentiation from MSCs and serve as a vehicle in liver tissue engineering. In vivo hepatogenic differentiation is more effective on 3D scaffold, with better functional recovery.


Microwave irradiation and phase transfer catalysis have been used for the synthesis of methylene dioxime. A variety of ketoximes were converted to the corresponding methylene dioximes using poly ethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a phase transfer catalyst under microwave irradiation. The method was clean, efficient and environmentally benign.


Carbon Nexus (www.carbonnexus.com.au) is a globally significant research facility at Deakin University focused on the manufacture and use of carbon fibre. Carbon Nexus represents a partnership between Deakin University and the Victorian Centre for Advanced Materials Manufacturing (VCAMM) and houses two production lines capable of manufacturing industrially relevant quantities of aerospace grade carbon fibre. The facility enables scientists to conduct research into the chemical, mechanical and nano-scale characteristics of new carbon fibre materials produced on site. There is a strong focus on evaluating these new carbon fibre products in composite materials, particularly composites cured using out-of-autoclave techniques. This paper will present an overview of the vision for Carbon Nexus as well as the technical capabilities of both the laboratory scale single tow line and the larger pilot line capable of producing up to 50 tons of carbon fibre per year. Both lines are fully operational and able to convert a range of polymer precursors into carbon fibre. They are representative of world's best practice for carbon fibre manufacturing methods and well suited to conducting energy efficiency studies. Highlights from recent research projects will focus on the effect of the surface treatment and sizing of carbon fibre on fibre-matrix adhesion in composite materials. In addition to this, results from studies of the effect of varying processing parameters on the structure and properties of oxidised polyacrylonitrile and carbon fibre will also be presented.


SUMMARY
Intraoperative cell salvage (ICS) is widely used in many surgical specialties, but uptake in neurosurgery has been slow. Little direct evidence exists to support the use of ICS in neurosurgical procedures; however, studies suggest that ICS may be safe and cost-effective in intracranial surgery and spinal fusion. Nationwide ICS is used in less than 50% of neurosurgical centers often without clear local guidance. It is most commonly used in major spinal surgery and least often surgery for intracranial glioma or metastatic deposits. The major barriers to more widespread introduction of ICS appear to be concern about tumor dissemination in cases of malignancy, lack of trained staff to use the machinery and perceived lack of necessity. Some evidence suggests that when ICS is used in tumor resection surgery, meningioma (benign) cells are less likely to be detectable in salvaged blood than glioblastoma (malignant) cells but, in contrast to other surgical subspecialties, the use of leukocyte depletion filters to remove tumor cells has not been investigated and the impact of ICS usage on tumor recurrence and long-term survival rates is unknown. The unpredictable nature of blood loss in neurosurgery means that many units do not use ICS routinely even though hemorrhage is often rapid and substantial when it does occur. No nationally recognized guidelines currently exist to support the use of ICS specifically in neurosurgical procedures although the majority of UK neuroanesthetists feel that a standards document would be beneficial.


Social network utilities have become worldwide phenomena that continue to attract scores of Internet enthusiasts. For example, there is the notion of the blogosphere, which is characterized by communal determination to share information and viewpoints. Weblogs are written as personal diaries that sometimes combine subjective thoughts with journalistic reporting. Capabilities of individual authors range from private novices to professional correspondents. Entries usually focus on specific topics and may contain hyperlinks to other relevant resources.


Dark red crystals of the halogen-substituted cyclotrigermenes [(tBu3Si)3Ge3X; X = Cl, Br, I] were obtained in good yields by the reaction of [(tBu3Si)3Ge3]+.TTFPB- (TTFPB- = tetrakis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate) with potassium halides (KCl, KBr, or KI) in diethyl ether. The crystal structures of the halogen-substituted cyclotrigermenes reveal a cis-bent Ge=Ge double bond, caused by the introduction of the electronegative halogen atom on the sp3 germanium atom of cyclotrigermene. In solution, an intramolecular halogen migration over the three-membered ring skeleton was observed. Facial stereoselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction of new cyclotrigermenes with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene is also reported.


In this article, the data for which I acquired through a systematic review of articles published over three years, focusing on analyzing the evolution of the situation over these past years, I discuss school-based gender violence in Cameroon. Considering the complexity of Cameroonian society and its responses to violence against girls and women, we need to establish that violence can be addressed, and we have to suggest how this can be done. From one region to another, a girl being denied access to education, being trafficked, or being forced into early marriage constitutes an experience of violence. Even though the government has been fighting these ills for the past twenty years the results show that girls are still highly vulnerable in the education system.


The precursor of plasma carboxypeptidase B (pCPB) also known as thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor can be converted by thrombin to an active enzyme capable of eliminating C-terminal Lys- and Arg-residues from proteins. The activation is about 1000-fold more efficient in the presence of thrombomodulin (TM). We investigated the antifibrinolytic potency of maximally activated pCPB in plasma and explored the antifibrinolytic mechanism of pCPB. During clotting of plasma in the presence of 3.3 NIH units/ml thrombin and 1 μg/ml soluble TM, more than 80% pro-pCPB was converted into the active form causing an increase of plasma carboxypeptidase activity from 100 units/liter (constitutive activity ascribed to plasma carboxypeptidase N) to 430 units/liter as measured with furoylacroleyl-alanyl-arginine substrate. Under these conditions, lysis of a plasma clot induced by a range of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) concentrations (0.2–2 μg/ml) was retarded more than 4-fold. A considerable retardation of fibrinolysis was observed upon addition of as little as 12 ng/ml soluble TM, a concentration comparable with physiological concentrations of soluble TM in human plasma. The presence of Ca2+ appeared to be a critical requirement for effective activation of pro-pCPB by thrombin-TM in plasma. Plasminogen-binding sites (C-terminal lysines) on the surface of a plasmin-treated fibrin clot were eliminated within 1–3 min by plasma with maximally activated pCPB, as studied in a recently described model involving fluorescence microscopy. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that in the absence of TM plasminogen strongly accumulated on fibrin fibers during t-PA-induced lysis of a plasma clot. In the presence of TM (and a concomitant pro-pCPB activation), lysis was slow and was not accompanied by accumulation of plasminogen on the fibers. In conclusion, generation of active pCPB during clotting of plasma in the presence of Ca2+ and TM leads to a retardation of plasma clot lysis in a wide range of t-PA concentrations, from low to therapeutic, and to a fast elimination of plasminogen-binding sites on partially degraded fibrin. This is a likely mechanism for the antifibrinolytic effect of active pCPB.


FUEL YOUR FITNESS This book shows how to perform at the top of your ability by combining its carefully constructed nutrition plan with your personal training and conditioning. Build the ideal diet to power a lean, strong physique with over 100 delicious recipes, like: * Mussels Marinara Spaghetti for Increased Glycogen * Walnut-parmesan Chicken for Maximum Protein * Peanut Butter Crunch Bars for Healthy Fats With day-by-day meal plans and advice on the best pre and post-workout nutrition, The Athlete's Cookbook details everything you need to maintain energy and build muscle, keeping you at the top of your game.


The term Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) describes the presence of altered organ function in an acutely ill patient (involves >2 systems), such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention. Infection is the most important clinical correlate of the syndrome. Other etiology comprises of trauma and non-infectious inflammation process. Some hypotheses - such as the mediator hypothesis, gut-as motor hypothesis, microvascular failure hypothesis, two-hit hypothesis, and integrated hypothesis - were assumed to have roles in MODS pathogenesis. Generally, potential pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in that MODS hypotheses were primary cellular injury, inadequate tissue/ organ perfusion, diffuse endothelial injury, circulating humoral factors and inflammatory mediators, protein calorie malnutrition, bacterialtoxin translocation, defective red blood cells, and also adverse effect of directed treatment. Evaluation of MODS principally includes the dysfunction of respiratory, cardiovascular, kidney, liver, hematology, and central nervous systems. Prevention was the most important step since there is yet any specific therapy targetted at MODS. The management was mainly supportive. Keywords: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, multiple organ failure, scoring system


Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses have revealed abundant expressed short open reading frames (ORFs) in bacteria. Whether these short ORFs, or the small proteins they encode, are functional remains an open question. One quarter of mycobacterial mRNAs are leaderless, meaning the RNAs begin with a 5'-AUG or GUG initiation codon. Leaderless mRNAs often encode an unannotated short ORF as the first gene of a polycistronic transcript. Consecutive cysteine codons are highly overrepresented in mycobacterial leaderless short ORFs. Here we show that polycysteine-encoding leaderless short ORFs function as cysteine-responsive attenuators of operonic gene expression. Through detailed mutational analysis, we show that one such polycysteine-encoding short ORF controls expression of the downstream genes by causing ribosome stalling under conditions of low cysteine. Ribosome stalling in turn blocks mRNA secondary structures that otherwise sequester the Shine-Dalgarno ribosome-binding site of the 3'gene. This translational attenuation does not require competing transcriptional terminator formation, a mechanism that underlies traditional amino acid attenuation systems. We further assessed cysteine attenuation in Mycobacterium smegmatis using mass spectrometry to evaluate endogenous proteomic responses. Notably, six cysteine metabolic loci that have unannotated polycisteine-encoding leaderless short ORF architectures responded to cysteine supplementation/limitation, indicating that cysteine-responsive attenuation is widespread in mycobacteria. Individual leaderless short ORFs confer independent operon-level control, while their shared dependence on cysteine ensures a collective response. Bottom-up regulon coordination is the antithesis of traditional top-down master regulator regulons and illustrates one utility of the many unnanotated short ORFs expressed in bacterial genomes.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of beta(3)-adrenoreceptor (AR) agonist (BRL-37344) on the expression of beta(3)-AR in a isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure (HF) rat model and to investigate the influence on the levels of beta(3)-AR in failing heart.

METHODS
The rats were randomly divided into four groups: I group (control group, n=10); II group (normal with BRL group, n=10); III group (HF group, n=30); IV group (HF with BRL group, n=35).II and IV groups received BRL 0.4 nmol.kg-1.min-1 through caudal vein for 10 minutes twice a week. I and III groups received saline at the same time. The measure included hemodynamics, the expression of beta3-AR in left ventricular myocytes by the techniques of immunohistochemistry, beta3-AR proteins by western blot, expression levels of beta3-AR mRNA in myocardium by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the levels of apoptotic cells with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) kit.

RESULTS
(1)Hemodynamic: The tendency of left ventricular end systolic pressure (PES), maximal rates of rise of ventricular pressure(dp/dtmax), maximal rates of decline of ventricular pressure (dp/dtmin) in II, III and IV groups were lower (P<0.01), time constant of left ventricular relaxation (Tc) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (PED) were higher than those of the I group (all P<0.01). There was no difference between I and II group except PED (P<0.05). Compared with III group, PES, dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin in IV group were dramatically decline (P<0.05): Tc, PED were markedly increased (Tc P<0.05, PED P<0.01). (2)The levels of beta3-AR mRNA and beta3-AR proteins were higher in III and IV groups when compared with I and II groups. There was no difference between I and II group. IV group's levels were higher than III group's. (3)The apoptotic rates in III group and IV group were significantly higher than those in I and II group (all P<0.01). When compared with III group's apoptotic cell rate, IV group's was higher (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION
The levels of beta(3)-AR mRNA and proteins show an increase in failing heart compared with nonfailing heart. The effect of beta(3)-AR agonist aggravate markedly cardiac function and stimulate cardiac myocytes apoptosis in failing heart. If the levels of beta(3)-AR were too high, they might contribute to the loss of cardiac function and be the foundation of the functional degradation of HF.


The use of passive disinfection devices (disinfection caps) may be a beneficial part of a maintenance care bundle, aiming at the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections in pediatric cancer patients. This preclinical in vitro investigation tested the visual and mechanical integrity of a Broviac™ catheter hub after simulation testing with 122 3M™ CurosTM Stopper Disinfection Caps for Open Female Luers repeatedly attached and removed over 6 months. We found that these catheter hubs were compatible, fully operational, and airtight with use of 3M Curos stopper caps after 6 months of use with 122 caps per catheter hub.


Recently, endoscopic removal of sialoliths has been introduced to avoid submandibular sialoadenectomy. Furthermore, sialendoscopes enable the removal of foreign bodies or granulation tissues as well as sialoliths. We report here the endoscopic removal of granulation tissue in the hilum of the submandibular gland after a sialolith was discharged spontaneously with pus from the mucosa of the oral floor. A 10-year-old boy with swelling of the right submandibular gland was referred to our department for endoscopic removal of a sialolith of the submandibular gland. Since there was a massive discharge of pus from the mucosa of the oral floor, the patient underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan. Because CT did not show a sialolith, we suspected that swelling of the submandibular gland was caused by granulation tissue in the hilum. Therefore, the patient underwent endoscopic removal of the granulation tissue under general anesthesia. The granulation tissue was completely removed and the surgical time was 57 minutes. The postoperative course was uneventful.


The underlying aetiology of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome is predominantly inherited cardiac disease, and 'channelopathies' (cardiac ion channel disease) are the most common detectable cause of death. This heterogeneous group includes Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Common features include variable penetrance, sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias, and the absence of structural heart disease. The understanding of cardiac ion channel disease has been revolutionised by genetics. At present, genotype contributes to risk stratification in Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and the future promises management tailored to the genetic diagnosis.


This paper presents a locally optimal handoff algorithm for integrated satellite/ground communication systems. We derive the handoff decision function and present the results in the form of tradeoff curves between the number of handoffs and the number of link degradation events in a given distance covered by the mobile user. This is a practical receiver-controlled handoff algorithm that optimizes the handoff process from a user perspective based on the received signal strength rather than from a network perspective.


Effects of neutron skin thickness in peripheral nuclear collisions are investigated using the statistical abrasion ablation (SAA) model. The reaction cross section, neutron (proton) removal cross section, one-neutron (proton) removal cross section as well as their ratios for nuclei with different neutron skin thickness are studied. It is demonstrated that there are good linear correlations between these observables and the neutron skin thickness for neutron-rich nuclei. The ratio between the (one-)neutron and proton removal cross section is found to be the most sensitive observable of neutron skin thickness. Analysis shows that the relative increase of this ratio could be used to determine the neutron skin size in neutron-rich nuclei.


INTRODUCTION
Doctor-patient communication is essential to the establishment of a therapeutic relationship and to the clinical improvement of the patient. Medical Interpreter Services (MIS) allow the doctors to communicate with patients that do not speak the same language of the clinical staff. However, MIS are not always available and when that happens it is of the upmost importance to find alternatives.

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
Presentation of a clinical case in which Google Translate^© (GT^©) was used as a translation tool to communicate with a patient. Discussion of the utility and validity of GT^© as a translation tool in Medicine. A Pubmed search for articles concerning the use of technological innovations as translation tools was performed using the key words: GT^©, language barriers, foreign language, and communication barriers.

RESULTS
In the reported clinical case, GT^© allowed the translation and the establishment of communication with a foreign patient. The Pubmed search found two articles concerning the use and validity of GT^© as a translation tool in Medicine.

CONCLUSIONS
GT^© is the most readily available and free initial mode of communication between a doctor and a patient when language is a barrier. Nonetheless, GT^


Systemic inflammatory-, immunological- and nutritional-based indices, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), are drawing considerable research attention to predict the long-term prognosis of many types of cancer. Recently, these parameters have also been reported to be useful in predicting postoperative morbidity in several fields, including colorectal and otolaryngological cancer. However, while distal cholangiocarcinoma exhibits a high morbidity rate, its risk factors of morbidity have not yet been established. This is because previous studies have analyzed distal cholangiocarcinoma as periampullary tumors combined with pancreatic head cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the application of the NLR, the PNI and the GPS in evaluating risk factors for postoperative morbidity in patients with distal cholangiocellular or ampullary carcinoma. Eighty-four patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for distal cholangiocellular or ampullary carcinoma at the Department of Surgery in Kitasato University Hospital between 2008 and 2016 were enrolled. Associations between perioperative characteristics (NLR, PNI and GPS) and postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification grade III or higher) were retrospectively analyzed. In the univariate analysis, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, body mass index (BMI) and the NLR were associated with postoperative complications (P<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, BMI [>23.0 kg/m2; odds ratio (OR): 3.80, 95.0% confidence interval (CI): 1.35–11.83; P=0.011] and the NLR (>2.0; OR: 6.77, 95.0% CI: 2.44–21.13; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative complications. BMI and the NLR are valuable predictors of postoperative morbidity following PD in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma. It would be beneficial to determine treatment strategies for distal cholangiocarcinoma based on the NLR to reduce postoperative complications.


The processing of semi-structured textual data for further use in DM models is a labor-intensive process, which, in addition to material costs, can increase the time required to build a model, and, as a result, worsen the efficiency of decision-making. This article presents visual models of semistructured text data and methods for their processing at the stage of exploratory analysis. Exploratory analysis will reduce the time to select significant variables at the initial stage of the study and, in the future, avoid the processing of redundant or insignificant variables. The use of visualization will help to include in DM model and process only data that will improve DM model quality. The process of using visualization of textual data in the process of exploratory analysis and the construction of two types of visual models is described - interactive "quantitative" visualization and visualization of relationships between words and other variables in the data under study. Approbation of the developed models is described on the example of labor market analysis. Examples of visualization of the content of the "soft skills" field from the CV and vacancies are presented, displaying both the skills most often mentioned by applicants from various professional fields, and the impact of mentioning these skills on inviting applicants for interviews. The experiment showed that the use of the developed visual models makes it possible to determine whether it is necessary to include a text variable in the DM model at the stage of exploratory analysis.


When a transformer is energized the magnetizing inrush current occurs in the primary side. The magnitude of this inrush current may be very high upto ten times of transformer rated current which causes malfunction of differential protection system. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate inrush current from faults. In this paper, a new approach of discrimination between fault currents and inrush current is proposed based on wavelet packet transform (WPT). This method efficiently helps in the development of differential protective relay to automatically detect and differentiate internal incipient faults from magnetizing inrush currents. The proposed approach is tested for signal tripping using MATLAB for data collected from Electromagnetic Transient Program/ Alternative Transient Program (EMPT/ATP) model of three phase power transformer for different cases that included normal operation, inrush current and internal fault currents. Results obtained from MATLAB clearly show that the proposed approach facilitates the accurate discrimination between inrush and fault currents in transformer differential protection. It prevents false tripping of differential relay due to inrush current.


We have determined Al, α, Fe-peak, and neutron capture elemental abundances for five red-giant branch (RGB) stars in the Galactic globular cluster M10. Abundances were determined using equivalent width analyses of moderate-resolution (R ∼ 15,000) spectra obtained with the Hydra multifiber positioner and bench spectrograph on the WIYN telescope. The data sample the upper RGB from the luminosity level near the horizontal branch to about 0.5 mag below the RGB tip. We find, in agreement with previous studies, that M10 is moderately metal-poor with [Fe/H] = -1.45 (σ = 0.04). All stars appear enhanced in Al with 〈[Al/Fe]〉 = +0.33 (σ = 0.19), but no stars have [Al/Fe] ≳ +0.55. We find the α elements to be enhanced by +0.20 to +0.40 dex and the Fe-peak elements to have [el/Fe] ∼ 0, which are consistent with predictions from type II SNe ejecta. Additionally, the cluster appears to be r-process rich with 〈[Eu/La]〉 = +0.41.


We report the design, fabrication and optical investigation of electrically tunable single quantum dots—photonic crystal defect nanocavities operating in both the weak and strong coupling regimes of the light–matter interaction. Unlike previous studies where the dot–cavity spectral detuning was varied by changing the lattice temperature, or by the adsorption of inert gases at low temperatures, we demonstrate that the quantum-confined Stark effect can be employed to quickly and reversibly switch the dot–cavity coupling simply by varying a gate voltage. Our results show that exciton transitions from individual dots can be tuned by ∼4 meV relative to the nanocavity mode before the emission quenches due to carrier tunneling escape. This range is much larger than the typical linewidth of the high-Q cavity modes (∼100 μeV) allowing us to explore and contrast regimes where the dots couple to the cavity or decay by spontaneous emission into the two-dimensional photonic bandgap. In the weak-coupling regime, we show that the dot spontaneous emission rate can be tuned using a gate voltage, with Purcell factors ⩾7. New information is obtained on the nature of the dot–cavity coupling in the weak coupling regime, and electrical control of zero-dimensional polaritons is demonstrated for the highest-Q cavities (Q⩾12 000). Vacuum Rabi splittings up to ∼120 μeV are observed, larger than the linewidths of either the decoupled exciton (γ⩽40 μeV) or cavity mode. These observations represent a voltage switchable optical nonlinearity at the single photon level, paving the way towards on-chip dot-based nano-photonic devices that can be integrated with passive optical components.


The present report details the GLS (Graduated licensing systems) models in operation in Australia, with a focus on components of the learner and intermediate licence phases. The effectiveness of overseas GLS models in terms of reduced crash risk is also reviewed. The primary aim of the report, however, is to detail the wide range of individual GLS components of the learner and intermediate licence phases and to discuss the literature on their contribution to GLS effectiveness. Other considerations that need to be addressed when introducing GLS components in a new or existing model are also discussed. It is concluded that there is overwhelming support for GLS models, including those with restrictions not currently in place in Australia, namely, night-time driving and peer passenger restrictions. There is considerable support for a review of current Australian licensing systems and the development, implementation and evaluation of additional GLS initiatives in order to maximise the ability of the systems to address the over-involvement of young Australians in crash statistics. (a)


In this paper, a method for broadband polarization-dependent coding metasurface design is proposed. Single-polarized unit cells are employed due to their single-polarized phase manipulation with little effect on cross-polarized phase in broadband. The equivalent circuit of these unit cells is developed to analyze the mechanism. Because of single-polarized phase manipulation, coding metasurfaces for different polarizations can be designed separately. The polarization-dependent coding metasurface can be obtained by simply combining them into a sharing aperture. Simulated and measured results prove that our method offers a simple and effective strategy for broadband polarization-dependent metasurface design.


Findings from four research studies offer a challenge for systemic practices of formal education in Australia in relation to the national government's strategies for reducing the widening achievement gap for students of low socio economic status or who are of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander heritage. They point to another gap between the 'talk' of transformative pedagogies, sustainability and lifelong-and-lifewide learning and how this is embodied in the practices of educators and teacher educators working within the developing frameworks of national systems of curriculum, testing and reporting. This gap between rhetoric and practice has the potential to undermine the visionary intent of the Melbourne Declaration and may go some way to explaining the worsening performance of Australia in comparison with other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries as shown by statistics gathered by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2006 and 2009. The Primary Review of Education in the United Kingdom reported that an intensified focus upon literacy and numeracy had negative impacts upon learner enjoyment and motivation. Similar concerns arise in the following data which include journals and films captured during the researcher's participatory engagement as an arts facilitator in a non-traditional primary school where the curriculum emerged from children's play; a large-scale mixed methods study into pre-service teacher beliefs and perceptions of their future careers, and the level to which their school experience included the arts, captured across two intakes in 2010 and 2011; the third data set consists of visual images, graffiti and facilitator journal notes captured in 2012 in a juvenile justice context of education; and the fourth is reflections of final year pre-service educators upon their perceptions at being asked to engage in creative writing. For the researcher who is a lecturer in the arts in a university program for teacher education, the findings indicate that her own and other educators' practices of pedagogy appear to be constrained by systemic factors, creating a divergence between what we believe our practice should be, and our lived experience. That distortion manifests as a split between the conscience and consciousness, expressed at both individual and institutional levels. To address the equity gap, and to counter student disengagement, the researcher recommends a repositioning of the arts for greater learner agency, supporting the affective, cultural, intellectual and creative dimensions of learning that are features of an enacted transformative pedagogy.


Conflict regulation preferences of male immigrant Turks living in Germany were analyzed. The nature of social relationship between opponents (German or Turk as opponent) and conflict property (tangible vs. intangible) were systematically varied. Furthermore, acculturation preferences were measured both globally and across several domains of life. Results showed that immigrants' conflict handling preferences varied along social relationship with opponent and along conflict property. Contrary to the assumptions underlying an acculturation perspective, there were no systematic relationships between conflict handling preferences and global or domain-specific acculturation preferences. However, irrespective of their heritage, a majority of the immigrants were familiar with the conflict regulation styles of their host society. This result suggests that behavioral acculturation often results in the acquisition of bicultural competence.


In vitro acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity from three commercial imidazolinone-resistant corn hybrids (ICI 8692 IT, Pioneer 3751 IR, and Ciba 4393 IMR) was compared to imidazolinone-sensitive isogenic hybrid controls for sensitivity to 11 herbicides representing four classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicide chemistry. Acetolactate synthase activity from Pioneer IR and Ciba IMR was cross-resistant to all four classes of ALS inhibitors, ranging from 48- to 5,000-fold. The ICI IT hybrid displayed only four- to eightfold resistance to the six imidazolinone herbicides and the pyrimidinylthiobenzoate herbicide, pyrithiobac, but no cross-resistance to the sulfonylurea and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide herbicides. The four- to eightfold enzyme resistance to imidazolinone herbicides provides whole-plant resistance; however, the sevenfold enzyme resistance to pyrithiobac was insufficient to afford whole-plant protection to a field application rate of the herbicide. A second imidazolinone-specific resistance allele, XI-12, currently under commercial development, was examined for the level of dominance at the enzyme level. In the heterozygous state, imazethapyr resistance was fivefold, compared to 250-fold in the homozygous condition, indicating XI-12 is a semidominant trait. No cross-resistance to nicosulfuron or primisulfuron was observed in the heterozygous XI-12 hybrid extracts nor to nicosulfuron in the XI-12 homozygote; however, a fivefold resistance to primisulfuron was detected in the XI-12 homozygote.


In this lab report, we investigate if "the Bling gets the Ring." We know from prior publications that male guppies select mates based off of variable morphology (ie. Size, shape, and color) (source). In this report, we further the research on the guppy ( Poecilia reticulate ) mating habits by examining if color plays an important role in the male guppies selection of a mate. More importantly, if brightly colored female guppies (ie. Yellow, a common color of guppy food) are more attractive to male guppies. This research is important because it furthers our understanding of the correlation between coloration and selective mating habits of guppies. Our research team tested which color of female guppy (i.e. control: grey, experimental: yellow) a male guppy would find more attractive when all three were in one tank.(see figure #1). The experiment was conducted by placing a single male guppy in a tank with two same sized model guppies that were either green or yellow; this allowed us to observe how the male acts towards each. This research is important to the scientific world to provide readers with insight on guppy mating habits.


The ambition of this research project was to conduct an investigation examining the extent of current laboratory/field-based practical provision across a wide range of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) delivering sport science-related programmes. Undertaken between August and September 2010, an online survey was administered to 64 UK-based HEI currently delivering sport science-related undergraduate degree programmes. With a response rate of 36% (23 HEI), findings revealed that significantly more (P < 0.001) practical laboratory/field-based engagement occurs for physiology-related modules when compared to psychology and biomechanics, despite assessment weighting being equal across the three disciplines. Such finding was supported by a greater range of laboratory provision to support teaching and learning activity in physiology. Furthermore, it was noted that teaching support from technician and postgraduate researchers were higher in physiology than in the other two areas. Across all three year one modules, the most important elements of practical work in year one were laboratory procedures and techniques and investigating experiments, whilst the highest ranked aims were teaching core skills and techniques and linking theory to practice. A total of 78% HEI felt current barriers existed to effective year one practical laboratory/field-based teaching and learning. Among the highest ranked were resources and facilities, time allocation with the curriculum and class size. Interestingly, the average class size for physiology and biomechanics-related modules was 19, whilst for psychology it was 23. The most popular teaching methods/activities during practical work were tutor-led seminars, tutor-led demonstrations, and laboratory/field-based experiments. In assessing year one practical work, all three disciplines favoured laboratory reports as the main assessment tool. Psychology-related modules had a strong emphasis on essay-style assessments to evaluate practical activity. Based on these findings HEI offer a broad practical curriculum to year one students studying sport science-related degree programmes. Consideration by programme teams as to the nature of practical teaching and learning strategies, as well as variation in assessment methods/activities across year one disciplines/modules, should be made.