Nest survival is critical to breeding in birds and plays an important role in life-history evolution and population dynamics. Studies evaluating the proximate factors involved in explaining nest survival and the resulting temporal patterns are biased in favor of temperate regions. Yet, such studies are especially pertinent to the tropics, where nest predation rates are typically high and environmental conditions often allow for year-round breeding. To tease apart the effects of calendar month and year, population-level breeding activity and environmental conditions, we studied nest survival over a 64-month period in equatorial, year-round breeding red-capped larks Calandrella cinerea in Kenya. We show that daily nest survival rates varied with time, but not in a predictable seasonal fashion among months or consistently among years. We found negative influences of flying invertebrate biomass and rain on nest survival and higher survival of nests when nests were more abundant, which suggests that nest predation resulted from incidental predation. Although an increase in nest predation is often attributed to an increase in nest predators, we suggest that in our study, it may be caused by altered predator activity resulting from increased activity of the primary prey, invertebrates, rather than activity of the red-capped larks. Our results emphasize the need to conduct more studies in Afro-tropical regions because proximate mechanisms explaining nest predation can be different in the unpredictable and highly variable environments of the tropics compared with the relatively predictable seasonal changes found in temperate regions. Such studies will aid in better understanding of the environmental influences on life-history variation and population dynamics in birds.


Although research examining conspiracy theory beliefs has been examined, there is conflicting literature on the relationship between gender and conspiracy thinking. Before this study, little research has been conducted on the differences between males and females in each of the five facets of conspiracy theory. This study was designed to investigate differences in gender as they pertain to government malfeasance (GM), malevolent global conspiracies (MG), extraterrestrial cover-up (ET), personal well-being (PW), and control of information (CI). It was hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between females and males when it comes to conspiracy theory beliefs for each of the five facets. Archival data from 2016 containing responses to the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale was analyzed. Results supported the main hypothesis of this investigation that significant differences do, in fact, exist between females and males in all five facets of conspiracy theory: government malfeasance, malevolent global conspiracies, extraterrestrial cover-up, personal well-being, and control of information. In addition, this study revealed that females score higher than males in all facets. In general, a computed total conspiracy belief score demonstrated that females (M = 45.10, SD = 15.07) were significantly higher than males (M = 42.13, SD = 15.90). Nevertheless, some recent research has reported that women were significantly less likely than men to engage in 'conspiratorial thinking' and endorse a conspiracy about the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. These findings may be suggesting a change in direction for gender differences and a need for further research.


Bradykinin stimulates phospholipases to release arachidonic acid (AA) which can be metabolized by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 (P450) to yield vasoactive products that may contribute to the effect of the peptide. In the rat kidney, pharmacological evidence suggests that a substantial component of the vasodilator response is dependent on P450-AA metabolism. In the heart, the vasodilator response to bradykinin is independent of NO and prostaglandins but reduced by inhibitors of P450, including 17-ODYA, an inhibitor of fatty acid metabolism, also suggesting a role of P450-AA. Moreover, the renal and coronary vasodilator responses to bradykinin are associated with release of P450-AA products measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The coronary vasodilator response to bradykinin is also dependent on activation of K+ channels linking P450-AA and hyperpolarization. Formation of vasodilator eicosanoids derived via the P450 pathway may make important contributions to the control of vascular tone, local blood flow and, thereby, blood pressure.


Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology based on motor imagery (MI) can establish the connection between the brain and the outside world; this has gradually become an important application of human–machine hybrid intelligence enhancement, especially for medical rehabilitation treatment. Because of the nonlinear, nonstationary, and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, it is a great challenge to accurately classify MI-EEG signals. Toward this end, in this study, both variational mode decomposition (VMD) and a deep belief network (DBN) were applied to MI classification based on the dataset of a previous BCI competition. Firstly, the EEG signal was decomposed by VMD to obtain the narrow-band component. Then the marginal spectrum, the instantaneous energy spectrum under the characteristic frequency band, and time-frequency joint features were extracted by Hilbert transform to achieve feature fusion. Finally, the DBN was used to reduce the dimensions of high-dimensional features and recognize MI patterns. The experimental results show that the joint VMD feature extraction and DBN feature classification method avoids information omission caused by the manual optimization of the period and the frequency band of artificial determination imagery. On the other hand, the method of using VMD and DBN to automatically extract the characteristics of the optimal period and optimal frequency band can effectively improve the recognition rate of MI


Multi-head attention is appealing for the ability to jointly attend to information from different representation subspaces at different positions. In this work, we introduce a disagreement regularization to explicitly encourage the diversity among multiple attention heads. Specifically, we propose three types of disagreement regularization, which respectively encourage the subspace, the attended positions, and the output representation associated with each attention head to be different from other heads. Experimental results on widely-used WMT14 English-German and WMT17 Chinese-English translation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness and universality of the proposed approach.


This dissertation determines the effects of increased market participation on perceived adaptive capacity and resilience in the village of Falealupo, Samoa. Approaching the intellectually challenging problem of resilience from the perspectives of local community members, the researcher produced mixed sets of quantitative and qualitative data on local adaptive capacity. First, the research discussed recent droughts and cyclones with community members. Then, the researcher used the analysis of these interviews to develop contextual variables of adaptive capacity, including variables that measured household participation in the market and household social capital. The research then measured perceived household adaptive capacity in each of the households. Statistical comparison of the variables suggested that increased market participation was not associated with a reduction in the size of household's social capital, measured in terms of locally-based immediate family members. A qualitative analysis of household social networks likewise suggested that economic has influenced a change in the sphere of a household's social network from the extended kinship group to the immediate family, but that kinship plays a large role in promoting adaptive capacity in rural villages. The findings of this study are important because they demonstrate that role that local social institutions play in shaping the interactions between variables of adaptive capacity. The findings also suggest that community members' perspectives of resilience can be used to produce contextual variables to measure economic and social attributes of adaptive capacity. INDEX WORDS: Social dimensions of environmental change, social-ecological resilience, adaptive capacity, social capital, increased market participation, mixedsubsistence households, Samoa, Pacific Islands EFFECTS OF MARKET PARTICIPATION ON COMMUNITY PERCEIVED ADAPTIVE CAPACITY AND RESILIENCE IN RURAL SAMOA


Supramolecular polymers are polymeric arrays of monomeric units that are connected together via highly directional and reversible noncovalent interactions, resulting in polymeric properties in solution and the bulk. Because of the dynamic nature of the noncovalent interactions, supramolecular polymers show distinct properties such as reversibility, self-healing, stimuli-responsiveness and good processability. Here, we provide an overview of the fabrication of supramolecular polymers. We introduce the driving forces for supramolecular polymerization, summarize the topological structures of supramolecular polymers, and highlight the methods and strategies for the fabrication of supramolecular polymers in a controllable manner. It is evident that supramolecular polymers based on noncovalent interactions are complementary to traditional polymer science and represent a new growth point by marrying supramolecular science with polymer science.


Since Pier Antonio Micheli described and published genus Aspergillus in Nova Plantarum Genera in 1729 the genus attracted an immense interest. The published Egyptian literature on the genus is scattered and fragmentary. By screening the available sources of information since 1921, it was possible to figure out a range of 150 taxa that could be representing genus Aspergillus in Egypt up to the present time. Ten species of Aspergillus were introduced as type materials from Egypt since 1964 till now.Recorded taxa were assigned to 5 subgenera and 25 sections. This article includes Aspergillus species that are known to Egypt, provides a comprehensive checklist of species isolated from Egypt and provisional key to the identification of reported taxa is given. Although the present study will add some new data to our information concerning the Ascomycota of Egypt, this work must be considered as a provisional one always waiting for continuous supplementation.


Bacterial cloning was first introduced over a century ago and has since become one of the most useful procedures in biological research, perhaps paralleled in its ubiquity only by PCR and DNA sequencing. However, unlike PCR and sequencing, cloning has generally remained a manual, labor-intensive, low-throughput procedure. Here we address this issue by developing an automated, computer-aided bacterial cloning method using liquid medium that is based on the principles of (i) limiting dilution of bacteria, (ii) inference of colony forming units (CFUs) based on optical density (OD) readings, and (iii) verification of monoclonality using a mixture of differently colored fluorescently labeled bacteria for transformation. We demonstrate the high-throughput utility of this method by employing it as a cloning platform for a DNA synthesis process.


The mortality rate of mice after standardized Pseudomonas infection was increased by preinjection of a sublethal dose of burn toxin. This effect was eliminated by a specific antitoxic Ig. After a sublethal burn followed by infection, 60% of the animals died, while treatment with specific Ig reduced the mortality rate to 3.3%. This might be a new way to improve the treatment of severely burned patients.


We describe data mining techniques designed to address the problem of selecting prospective customers from a large pool of candidates. These techniques cover a number of different scenarios, namely whether the marketing researchers have demographic information on the current customers, or the general market population, or people with propensity to become customers We also present a novel approach to the problem by exploiting the availability of a data sample from the general market population. Finally, we describe an on-line lead management and delivery system that uses the mining approach described in this paper for insurance agents to obtain qualified customer leads.


The present study assessed the adherence of nine commercial resin cements by means of the wedge test. The beams of the test were made of a Ni-Cr-Be alloy, and the adhering surfaces were sandblasted with 250 microns Al2O3. The energy of fracture of the investigated cements varied from less than 10 J/m2 to 121 J/m2. The fracture energies were not influenced by 1) the thickness of the joint, 2) the width of the beams, 3) the use of an intermediary noncomposite resin, or 4) storage in water beyond 24 h. In spite of a rather high variability within groups, it is concluded that the wedge test may give relevant data on the performance of adhesive joints.


A hydrodynamic theory describing the stalk dynamics and lipid flows upon BLM hemifusion was developed. The value of intermonolayer viscosity, etar, for membranes formed from azolectin mixed with lysophosphatidylcholine (7.10(-4) mg/ml) in n-decane, etar approximately 10(-9) g/s, was determined from comparison of the theoretical calculations and literature data. For membranes formed in squalene, the values etar approximately 10(-7) g/s for phosphatidylethanolamine and etar approximately 2-10(-7) g/s for azolectin were obtained. The calculated values are close to the published results of independent experiments which shows that the developed theory describes well the stalk growth and lipid flow.


With the collapse of the former Soviet Union and the emergence of the United Nations actively pursuing a peace keeping role in world affairs, the United States has been forced into a position as the world's leading peace enforcer. It is still a very dangerous world with seemingly never ending ideological, territorial, and economic disputes requiring the U.S. to maintain a credible deterrent posture in this uncertain environment. This has created an urgent need to rapidly transport large numbers of troops and equipment from the continental United States (CONUS) to any potential world trouble spot by means of a global range/mobility transport aircraft. The most recent examples being Operation Desert Shield/Storm and Operation Restore Hope. To meet this challenge head-on, a request for proposal (RFP) was developed and incorporated into the 1992/1993 AIAA/McDonnell Douglas Corporation Graduate Team Aircraft Design Competition. The RFP calls for the conceptual design and justification of a large aircraft capable of power projecting a significant military force without surface transportation reliance.


The use of growth hormone (GH) has progressively moved from a substitution therapy to a pharmacological agent promoting growth when it is otherwise considered insufficient. This process has progressed stepwise from conditions with definite diagnoses such as Turner syndrome towards children born small for gestational age (SGA) and more recently those with idiopathic short stature. Unsurprisingly, no set European or national perspective can be presented given the multiple points of view that must be taken into account when considering these treatments. In France, the use of GH has been approved for use in SGA children since 1995 and has been covered by the national insurance system since 1997. National data regarding the use of GH for this indication will be presented, in particular with regard to the recommendations for use made by the national insurance system. In 2003, after a complex procedure lasting more than 2 years, two GH preparations, including Norditropin®, were approved at European level for use in SGA children. Based on the data presented, the European Medicines Evaluation Agency approved a dose of 35 µg/kg per day, which is that generally used in GH deficiency. This is paradoxical, given that GH-deficient children are generally considered to be more sensitive to treatment than their non-GH-deficient counterparts. It is of interest that the influence of GH dose on outcome has only been demonstrated in the first years of treatment and not in any long-term, near-adult-height analyses. Thus the 'European perspective' emphasizes long-term results rather than short-term catch-up. By contrast, in the USA a higher dose is recommended, emphasizing on short-term gain. Other differences concern the minimum age at the start of treatment and the minimum height deficit before chronic treatment can be instituted.


The chemical oxidation of hydrogen‐terminated silicon (111) surfaces in water was studied in situ with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy in the multiple total internal reflection mode. On the basis of measurements of the absorbance of the Si‐H and Si‐O‐Si vibrations as a function of time it is concluded that reactions involving the oxidation of silicon hydride and the formation of silicon oxide are coupled. The decrease in the hydride coverage and increase in the oxide coverage are linear functions of ln(t). The time dependence of oxide growth is explained in terms of electrostatic and mechanical changes at the Si/water interface.


have led to non-payment of salaries of journalists by media owners and where they are paid, it is not regular. This issue has encouraged the practice of brown envelop by some journalists who must survive in the absence of salaries from their employers. All the issues earlier mentioned are capable of discouraging and sparking career switch intent in mass communication professionals. Abstract: This study reviews a large body of literature mainly in different journals to examine the factors that determine career switch intention among mass communication. This study was conducted on the construct of three research questions: (1) How can the level of job motivation among mass communication professionals doing communication related job can lead to career switch? (2) What is the level of job satisfaction of mass communication professionals doing communication related job? (3) How can perception of regular payment among mass communication professionals doing communication related job lead to career switch intention? Survey research design was adopted for the work while questionnaire was the instrument of gathering the data. Findings revealed that environmental factors like human capital, economic factor, job satisfaction, and lack of job motivation oftentimes lead to potential career switch among employees of various organizations, inclusive of mass communication professionals. This research was conducted on the basis of extensive literature review; it is therefore recommended that it should be confirmed using quantitative measures.


This paper reports on the development of a new experiment for the study of electron-impact induced dissociation and fragmentation of molecular clusters and biomolecules and other species solvated in water clusters. The purpose is to look at clusters that are of interest to biophysics, atmospheric physics, and other fields. The experiment consists of a differentially pumped vacuum system, with an expansion chamber to generate a pulsed supersonic beam of clusters, and a collision chamber where the cluster beam intersects with an electron beam. Water clusters can be seeded with biomolecules emerging from a resistively heated oven. Investigation will be possible into both ion yields and long-lived neutral metastable yields produced by electron-impact fragmentation of relevant clusters and biomolecules.


Droplet deposition after impact on superhydrophobic surfaces has been an important area of study in recent years due to its potential application in reduction of pesticides usage. Minute amounts of long chain polymers added to water has been known to arrest the droplet rebound effect on superhydrophobic surfaces. Previous studies have attributed different reasons like extensional viscosity, dominance of elastic stresses or slowing down of contact line in retraction phase due to stretching of polymer chains. The present study attempts to unravel the existence of critical criteria of polymer concentration and impact velocity on the inhibition of droplet rebound. The impact velocity will indirectly influence the shear rate during the retraction phase, and the polymer concentration dictates the relaxation timescale of the elastic fluids. Finally we show that the Weissenberg number (at onset of retraction), which quantifies both the elastic effects of polymer chains and the hydrodynamics, is the critical parameter in determining the regime of onset of rebound suppression, and that there exists a critical value which determines the onset of bounce arrest. The previous three causes, which are manifestations of elastic effects in non-Newtonian fluids, can be related with the proposed Weissenberg number criterion.


Broadband vertical P-wave records are analyzed from 63 of the largest shallow subduction zone earthquakes which have occurred in the circum-Pacific in the last 45 yr. Most of the records studied come from a common instrument, the Pasadena, California, Benioff 1-90 seismometer. Propagation and instrument effects are deconvolved from the P-wave records using a damped least-squares inversion to obtain the teleseismic source time function. The inversion has the additional constraint that the time function be positive everywhere. The period band over which the time functions are considered reliable is from 2.5 to 50 sec. Fourier displacement amplitude spectra computed for each of the 1-90 P-wave trains indicate spectral slopes measured between 2 and 50 sec of ω^(−1.0) to ω^(−2.25) with an average value of ω^(−1.5). These values assume an average attenuation of t^* = 1.0. The seismic moments derived from the P-wave time functions compare well with other published values for earthquakes having moments smaller than 2.5 × 10^(28) dyne-cm (M_w = 8.2). Because the 1-90 seismometer has little response at very long periods, this technique underestimates the moments of the very largest events. The time functions are characterized using five parameters: (1) spectral slope between 2 and 50 sec; (2) roughness of the time function; (3) multiplicity of sources; (4) pulse widths of individual sources; and (5) overall signal duration. The 63 earthquakes studied come from 15 subduction zones with a wide range in the ages of subducted lithosphere, convergence rates, and maximum size of earthquakes. Comparing the time function parameters with age, rate, and M_w of the subduction zone does not yield obvious global trends. However, most of the subduction zones do behave characteristically and can be grouped accordingly.


Lithium–sulfur batteries are regarded as a promising energy storage system. However, they are plagued by rapid capacity decay, low coulombic efficiency, a severe shuttle effect and low sulfur loading in cathodes. To address these problems, effective carriers are highly demanded to encapsulate sulfur and extend the cycle life. Here, we report an aqueous emulsion approach and in situ sulfur impregnation to synthesize multi-shelled hollow carbon nanosphere-encapsulated sulfur composites with a high percentage of sulfur loading (86 wt%). When applied as cathodes in lithium–sulfur batteries, the composite materials delivered a high specific capacity of 1350 mA h g−1 and excellent capacity retention (92% for 200 cycles). Further measurements at high current densities also demonstrate significantly enhanced cyclability and high rate capability.


Cancer remains one of the largest public health concerns of our day, particularly in developed countries where technological advances have allowed populations to live well into their eighth decade. In America, those in their 80's have a 1 in 2 chance of developing cancer in their lifetime. Prostate cancer, specifically is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in males. Traditional cancer therapies cause high levels of toxicity to the patient due to mechanisms of action that often attack cancer cells and healthy cells alike. The holy grail of cancer research is to find a treatment that targets the cancer cell directly while leaving healthy cells unharmed. The introduction of monoclonal antibodies as a way to target antigens that are highly expressed on cancer cells may be one way to reach this goal. Coupling antibodies with nanomaterials has also shown promising results which is the subject of this study. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) possess the unique ability to be rapidly heated under microwave irradiation. Furthermore, the sidewalls can be modified to attach various molecules and proteins to its surface. This study evaluated MWCNTs conjugated with an antibody directed against prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in combination with microwave irradiation as a potential ablative therapy. This study demonstrates hyperthermic ablation of the muscle cells surrounding antibody-conjugated MWCNTs after microwave irradiation. Additionally, it showed that these nanotubes remain localized at the sight of injection with no evidence of distribution amongst other tissue. Time-lapse confocal microscopy using transgenic zebrafish larvae demonstrated that macrophages and neutrophils are the first immune responders with phagocytosis. These findings support further efficacy studies in a human prostate tumor xenograft mouse model. INDEX WORDS: Nanomedicine, Hyperthermic necrosis, Innate immunity, Mice, Zebrafish, Prostate specific membrane antigen, Neutrophil, Macrophage, Histopathology EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF ANTIBODY-CONJUGATED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES IN COMBINATION WITH MICROWAVE IRRADIATION


Haowei Bai (Honeywell) Presentation: Sunday, March 4th, 4:30 pm, Lake/Canyon To satisfy the increasing needs of more information transmission among subsystems, and to minimize the latency of data transmission between high-speed processors, the avionics interconnection in future aerospace vehicles is required to provide high bandwidth data path. IEEE 1394 was designed as a high speed (up to 3.2 Gbps) data bus for consumer electronics. The Lockheed Martin's Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program was the first significant implementation of IEEE 1394b for aerospace vehicles. Its approach has been standardized by SAE AS5643. This article is to explain the standard in details and provide insights into it, using failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) tools. The analysis results and recommendations could be used...


The Dutch Private Foundation provides an alternative paradigm for sustainable asset protection purposes. Due to its legal autonomy, it is less vulnerable to 'inflammation' and family conflicts if compared to a discretionary trust. A comparison with other continental foundation legislations shows that the Dutch foundation model is rather different in more than one respect.


Users currently experience different levels of protection when accessing the Internet via their various personal devices and network connections, due to variable network security conditions and security applications available at each device. The SECURED project addresses these issues by designing an architecture to offload security applications from the end-user devices to a suitable trusted node in the network: the Network Edge Device (NED). Users populate a repository with their security applications and policy, which will then be fetched by the closest NED to protect the user's traffic when he connects to a network. This setting provides uniform protection, independent of the actual user device and network location (e.g. public WiFi hotspot or 3G mobile connection). In other words, a user-centric approach is fostered by this architecture, opposed to the current device- or network-based security schema, with cost and protection benefits and simultaneously enabling new business models for service and network providers.


Author(s): Gazit, Irit; Terkel, Joseph | Abstract: The blind mole rat {Spalax ehrenbergi) is a potentially highly aggressive solitary, subterranean rodent. Data on growth and development of pups are lacking since it is difficult to raise pups in captivity and, until recently, the blind mole rat has never bred in captivity. In this study six litters were maintained in six large semi-natural setups. We describe for the first time the chronological development of behavior in the blind mole rat from day of birth until the young disperse and establish their own independentterritories. The relatively short gestation period (34 days) and low birth mass(5-6 g) combined with the need to acquire all survival skills prior to dispersal, are probably correlated with the relatively lengthy development of the blind mole ratcompared to Bathyergidae.


We report the observation of an instability phenomena in Nd 0 . 5 (Ca,Sr) 0 . 5 MnO 3 for cyclic runs between 300 and 10 K through resistivity, thermopower, and magnetization measurements. The instability is especially dramatic when the concentration of Sr is near the metal/insulator percolation threshold and it manifests itself in the delicate balance between the external magnetic field and the intrinsic instability. We also demonstrate an effective way of turning the metallic or insulating phases by switching off the external field at particular temperatures. Further studies on time-relaxation effect reveal that the change of resistivity is logarithmic-time dependent and it occurs only within a small temperature range, suggesting that the transition is not only thermal assisted but also magnetically correlated.


Absorbable polymers have attracted increasing attention in the field of bone regeneration in recent years for their degradation. Compared with other degradable polymers, polypropylene carbonate (PPC) has several advantages such as biodegradation and relatively cheap raw materials. Most importantly, PPC can degrade into water and carbon dioxide totally which does not give rise to local inflammation and bone resorption in vivo. However, pure PPC has not presented excellent osteoinductivity properties. In order to enhance the osteoinductivity of PPC, silicon nitride (SiN) was employed due to its excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and osteogenesis compared with the other common materials such as hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate ceramics. In this study, composites of PPC mixed with different contents of SiN were prepared successfully (PSN10 with 10 wt% SiN content, and PSN20 with 20 wt% SiN content). The characterization of the composites suggested that PPC mixed with SiN evenly and PSN composites presented stable properties. The results in vitro revealed that the PSN20 composite possessed satisfactory biocompatibility and exerted better osteogenic differentiation effects on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). In particular, the PSN20 composite accelerated the healing of bone defects better and degraded with the process of bone healing in vivo. Overall, the PSN20 composite exhibited better biocompatibility, induced osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and promoted healing of bone defects, due to which the PSN composite is considered as a potential candidate for treating bone defects in the field of bone tissue engineering.


Pictorial representation is one of the core questions in aesthetics and philosophy of art. What is a picture? How do pictures represent things? This collection of specially commissioned chapters examines the influential thesis that the core of pictorial representation is not resemblance but 'seeing-in', in particular as found in the work of Richard Wollheim.

We can see a passing cloud as a rabbit, but we also see a rabbit in the clouds. 'Seeing-in' is an imaginative act of the kind employed by Leonardo's pupils when he told them to see what they could - for example, battle scenes - in a wall of cracked plaster. This collection examines the idea of 'seeing-in' as it appears primarily in the work of Wollheim but also its origins in the work of Wittgenstein. An international roster of contributors examine topics such as the contrast between seeing-in and seeing-as; whether or in what sense Wollheim can be thought of as borrowing from Wittgenstein; the idea that all perception is conceptual or propositional; the metaphor of figure and ground and its relation to the notion of 'two-foldedness'; the importance in art of emotion and the imagination.

Wollheim, Wittgenstein and Pictorial Representation: Seeing-as and Seeing-in is essential reading for students and scholars of aesthetics and philosophy of art, and also of interest to those in related subjects such as philosophy of mind and art theory.


This paper examines, from a thorough review of the literature, the negative effects of haste (excessive eagerness to act) in clinical cardiology such as early discharge from the hospital, premature timing in surgery, too much enthusiasm for new technologies, exaggerated emphasis on tests or pharmacological measures for prevention and inaccurate transfer of results of trials to daily clinical practice. Avoiding haste allows doctors and nurses to provide their patients with the best traditional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, to guide them wisely to the new ones and to have time enough for an accurate evaluation of all their personal, familial and social problems.


1. The Basics. Introduction. The Flash Interface. Drawing Toolbar. Movie Properties. Work Area and Zoom. Drawing Simple Shapes and Text. Undo Levels. Selecting Graphics. Drawing and Modifying Text. Creating the Text Layer. Setting Text Properties. Creating Title Text. Creating Shadow Text. Linking Text. Moving Text. Drawing and Modifying Shapes. Creating Circles. Duplicating the Circle and Moving the Duplicates. Connecting Circles with Lines. Creating the Background Curve. Creating the Background Fill. Texture Fills and Transparency. Creating New Fill for Balls. Changing Fill of Circles. Creating and Modifying the Transparent Circle. Importing Graphics. Importing an Image. Changing the Photo Settings. 2. Animating the Page. Timelines and Frames. Creating the Link Text Symbol. Creating the Logo Layer. Adding an Additional Background Layer. Creating Some Layers for the Circles. Frames and Animation. Tweening and Keyframes. Adding Keyframes to the Shelley Biotech Page. Movement Tweening. Animating the Tan Background Curve. A Quick Word about Onion-Skinning. Animating the Link Circles. Animating the Address Text. Animating the Text Links. Animating the Header Text. Shape Tweening. Creating the Beginning S Shape. Applying Shape Tweening to the S. Adding Shape Hints. Fading. Fading in the White Background. Fading in the Office Photo. Fading in the Logo Lines. Changing the Color of the Text Links. Changing the Color of the Address Text. 3. Making the Page Interactive. Symbols. Creating Symbols. Using the Library to Access Your Symbols. Editing Symbols. Changing Symbol Types. Creating Buttons. Changing the Photo Symbol's Properties. Changing the Instance Properties for the Photo. Adding the Mouse-Over Action for the Office Photo. Adding the Web Links to the Buttons. Testing the Links. Button Actions. Opening the Button Frame Action Window. Adding the Keyframes for Button Actions. Creating the Hit Frame. Creating the Over Frame. Creating the Down Frame. Testing the Button Actions. Sound Effects. Adding a Sound to the Library. Using the Macromedia Sounds Library. Adding Sound to the Buttons. Testing the Sound Effect. 4. Publishing to the Web. Finishing Touches. Deciding What Resolution to Use. Deciding Which Platforms to Use. Deciding Which Flash Version or File Type to Use. Publishing. Choosing Format Settings. Choosing Flash Settings. Choosing HTML Settings. Publishing the Movie. Viewing the Size Report. Optimizing the Movie. Writing the HTML for the .swf File. Creating a Non-Flash Version of the Page. A Few Final Web Publishing Issues. Preloading. Adding a Scene to the Current Movie. Modifying the Preload Scene. Creating the Preloading Animation. Adding the Action Code. Putting in a Stop Action. Detecting the Plug-In. Modifying the Movie for Flash Detection. Creating the HTML Page for This Movie. Web Server Settings. Configuring Apache. Configuring IIS 4.0. 5. Fine-Tuning Graphics. Reshaping. Getting Started. Drawing the Needle Graphic. Filling in Needle Texture. Tilting the Needle. Drawing the Thread. Intersections. Creating the Button Texture. Creating the Buttonholes. Adding the Thread Fill to the Buttonholes. Creating the Text. Coloring the Text. Adding the Photographic Image. Brush Effects. Creating the Shadow for the Button and Photo. Creating Gradient for Shadows. 6. Advanced Animation. Animating Symbols. Creating the Button Symbol. Animating the Button. Creating Other Symbols. Opening Sequence. Getting Started. Moving the Button Image. Fading in the Thread Image. Stitch Text Animation and Fading. Fashion Text Animation and Fading. Blues Text with Motion Layer. Needle Rotation, Fading, and Movement. Text Shadow Movement, Shape, and Tint. Photograph Fade-in. Background Music. Creating the New Movie. Creating the First Button. Creating the Second Button. Creating the Movie Clip. Inserting the Buttons in the Movie. Modifying the Action Layer. Adding Music to the Music Layer. Adding the Clip to the Splash Screen. 7. Advanced Effects. Animated Buttons. Creating the Parent Button. Creating the Movie Clip. Adding the Movie Clip to the Button Over State. Transitions. Creating a New Scene. Copying Frames. Fading Out Images. Moving and Resizing the Other Images. Adding More Motion to the Button Symbol. Putting in the Link Buttons. Adding the Articles and Photos. Lengthening the Thread. Stopping the Action at the End of the Menu Scene Animation. Forms. Creating the Form. Setting the Variables. Creating a New Scene. Adding the Actions. Interactive Activity. Getting Started. Adding the Static Elements. Creating a Movie Clip. Adding the Colored Buttons. Adding Some Text Labels. Applying the Action to the First Button. Applying the Action to the Second Button. Applying Actions to the Third and Fourth Buttons. Setting Actions for the First Keyframe. Creating the Movie Clip for the Second Keyframe. Applying the Action to the First Button. Setting Actions for the Second Keyframe. Adding Next and Previous Buttons. Final Production: Publishing. Appendix A: Glossary. Index.


Drosophila has long been a successful model organism in multiple fields such as genetics and developmental biology. Drosophila genome is relatively smaller and less redundant, yet largely conserved with mammals, making it a productive model in studies of embryogenesis, cell signaling, disease mechanisms, etc. Spatial gene expression pattern is critical for understanding of complex signaling pathways and cell-cell interactions, whereas temporal gene expression changes need to be tracked during highly dynamic activities such as tissue development and disease progression. Systematic studies in Drosophila as a whole are still impeded by lack of these spatiotemporal transcriptomic information. Drosophila embryos and tissues are of relatively small size, limiting the application of current technologies to comprehensively resolve their spatiotemporal gene expression patterns. Here, utilizing SpaTial Enhanced REsolution Omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq), we dissected the spatiotemporal transcriptomic changes of developing Drosophila with high resolution and sensitivity. Our data recapitulated the spatial transcriptomes of embryonic and larval development in Drosophila. With these data, we identified known and previously undetected subregions in several tissues during development, and revealed known and potential gene regulatory networks of transcription factors within their topographic background. We further demonstrated that Stereo-seq data can be used for 3D reconstruction of Drosophila embryo spatial transcriptomes. Our data provides Drosophila research community with useful resources of spatiotemporally resolved transcriptomic information across developmental stages.


Abstract : The majority of remediation resources have been consumed by costly and lengthy remedial investigation studies to characterize the human health risk. Unable to deal directly with the uncertainty resulting from the convolution of the uncertainties in a multitude of variables, and heavily persuaded by the liabilities, decision makers and regulators have relied on conservative assumptions and more studies to take appropriate actions. The main objective of this research is to provide tools and techniques to aid risk analysts in determining whether it would be beneficial to gather additional information or whether the decision to take an appropriate action can be made without further investigation. This research provides some probabilistic risk assessment and decision analysis techniques to avoid using simple conservative assumptions to deal with the complex uncertainties to evaluate the value of information of additional studies in the complex remediation decision process. The methodologies in this research were tested on Operable Unit 2, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, and Site 4, Air Force Plant 44, Arizona.


Traditionally, the environmental performance of marine systems in terms of exhaust emissions has never been among the primary concerns of the maritime industry. However, this situation is going to quickly change, as in the shipping sector Energy Efficiency Design and Operation IMO Indexes testify. In such a context it is worth mentioning that the greening of shipping operations can be effectively achieved by a suitable system design and energy management. Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) should be a tool to monitor and to optimize ship and fleet efficiency performance; as a consequence it will have a deep impact on the reduction not only of the exhaust gas emissions but also of the operational costs. To reach this goal energy modelling represents the keyword. In particular, the estimate by simulation, of onboard power generation, consumption and losses plays a fundamental role for driving, for instance, a decision support tool toward the optimal choices as far as energy management is concerned. To this purpose, in the paper the authors present the outcomes of the activities carried out to develop a simulation tool able to represent an overall ship system from the energetic point of view. Modelling approach and the results of numerical simulations performed by the authors to estimate vessel fuel consumption in a real case study are shown and discussed.


In the context of enabling location-based services in complex indoor environments using ubiquitous resources, this study presents a Wi-Fi-based Indoor Positioning System(IPS) which does not require any laborious and time-consuming effort in contrast to Wi-Fi fingerprinting which requires in its offline database calibration phase. The proposed system is an effortless approach in which radio maps are built automatically using online feedback of Wi-Fi enabled the Internet of Things(IoT) sensors. The results show that it is possible to achieve an accuracy of 2 meters by constructing radio maps of Wi-Fi environment using online feedback of IoT sensors in combination with the raster floor plan of the environment.


Background Pancreatic cancer ranks first among the most aggressive malignancies. Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) ABHD11-AS1 is known to be upregulated in pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanism by which ABHD11-AS1 mediates the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Methods Gene and protein expressions in pancreatic cancer cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis and cycle were tested by flow cytometry. In addition, cell migration and invasion were tested by wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. The correlation between ABHD11-AS1, miR-1231 and cyclin E1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase report and RNA pull-down. Finally, xenograft mice model was established to investigate the role of ABDH-AS1 in pancreatic cancer in vivo. Results ABHD11-AS1 was found to be negatively correlated with the survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. ABHD11-AS1 silencing significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, knockdown of ABHD11-AS1 greatly inhibited the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Meanwhile, ABHD11-AS1 bound to miR-1231 and cyclin E1 was found to be the target of miR-1231. Moreover, ABHD11-AS1 knockdown-induced G1 arrest in pancreatic cancer cells was reversed by miR-1231 antagomir. Finally, knockdown of ABHD11-AS1 obviously inhibited the tumor growth of pancreatic cancer in vivo. Conclusion ABHD11-AS1 silencing significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Thus, ABHD11-AS1 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.


Hemostasis factors may influence the pathophysiology of stroke. The role of brain hemostasis in ischemic hypertensive brain injury is not known. We studied ischemic injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats in relation to cerebrovascular fibrin deposition and activity of different hemostasis factors in brain microcirculation. In spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion versus normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (W-K) rats, infarct and edema volumes were increased by 6.1-fold (P < 0.001) and 5.8-fold (P < 0.001), respectively, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduced during middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by 55% (P < 0.01), motor neurologic score increased by 6.9-fold (P < 0.01), and cerebrovascular fibrin deposition increased by 6.8-fold (P < 0.01). Under basal conditions, brain capillary protein C activation and tissue plasminogen activator activity were reduced in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar-Kyoto rats by 11.8-fold (P < 0.001) and 5.1-fold (P < 0.001), respectively, and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen and tissue factor activity were increased by 154-fold (P < 0.00001) and 74% (P < 0.01), respectively. We suggest that hypertension reduces antithrombotic mechanisms in brain microcirculation, which may enhance cerebrovascular fibrin deposition and microvascular obstructions during transient focal cerebral ischemia, which results in greater neuronal injury.


We have investigated the effect of varying La+3 concentrations (0.01 mM to 2.0 mM) on membrane potential and electrolyte composition of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. La+3 concentrations less than 0.02 mM had no effect. Above 0.02 mM, La+3 induced concentration‐dependent loss of electrolytes and water from the cells. At 1.0 mM the effect was maximal and resulted in an 87% reduction in cellular K+, 79% in Cl− and 21% in Na+ within 4.8 minutes. The Na+ loss occurred even in the face of an electrochemical potential gradient favoring Na+ entry. La+3 increased the recorded values of membrane potential; the magnitude of the effect was related to the external La+3 concentration, and was maximal at 1.0 mM. Studies using 140La showed that La+3 binds rapidly to the cell surface and does not enter the cells. The amount of La+3 bound to the cells was related to the external La+3 concentration by a sigmoidal curve and was maximal at about 1.0 mM. The bound La+3 could not be displaced by either added La+3 or Ca+2. Agents known to effect the integrity of the cell membrane, such as phospholipase C, neuraminidase, pronase and Hg+2 were tested for their ability to displace bound La+3. Only pronase displaced bound La+3, indicating that La+3 associates with cell protein. It is hypothesized that La+3 rapidly interacts with membrane protein causing alterations in membrane permeability and capacity to actively transport ions.


Summary: Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) associated with lethal yellowing disease of coconut palms exhibited a range of different morphologies even within the same sieve element. The morphologies were revealed by graphic reconstruction from ribbons of serial ultrathin sections containing 45 sections. Five different morphotypes were recognized amongst the 120 organisms reconstructed. MLO could be saccate, erythrocyte-like, cylindrical, monili-form or filiform. The different morphotypes showed differences in linear dimensions apart from their particular morphological characteristics. Saccate MLO were generally the smallest, the maximum length being 1 μm, whilst the filiform organisms could be more than 16 μm long. The morphologies of the MLO were analogous to those now recognized as usual for Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species in vitro during the later stages of development. Comparison of the individual profile shapes used in the reconstructions with those of MLO from other diseased plants suggest that many previous interpretations of MLO morphology may have been too simple. With the insight provided by the understanding of the relationship between profile shape and three-dimensional form, the ultrastructure of individual profiles is shown to be an important indicator of form.


Abstract ARC (Advance-retreat course) analysis is a theoretical analysis and method on socio-economic development. The main point of ARC is that any economic development behavior will face various pressure coming from environment, that is to say, human beings can actively devise and implement his own economic development strategies, and on the other hand integrative environment formed by all kinds of objective factors can not only passively receive human's choices but aslo human behaviors by the pressure or resistance caused by mankind's behavior. Such dynamic game between human beings and environment is quite different from traditional game problems. Basing on the frame of advance-retreat course (F. Dai, et al, 2007), this paper devises an explanatory model of enterprise development considering environmental pressure according to the basic characteristics of enterprise, develops an analytic model for general advance-retreat course, proves that the solution of the course exists, presents a general method to solve the solution, proposes a series of practical strategies on industry growth control, and particularly draws the important conclusion that faster growing speed will lead to economic growth ending earlier. Finally, the empirical analysis explains ARC to be effective in describing economic growth process, and the controlling strategies for keeping on growth in US economy are given.


Author Summary: Near infrared (NIR) spectral patterns from seeds carry surprisingly consistent information on functional food quality that seems almost unreasonable. In the developing cereal seed, all genes interact with all other active genes. This is proven by manipulating the immense complexity of physiological expression by single seed mutants in a barley seed model at a constant gene background/environment. Miraculously, it is possible to get a causal relation between the mutated gene and its NIR spectral pattern. When combining under controlled conditions, Nature's and the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument's combined ability to reproduce the physiochemical composition of a seed population of a DNA-specific genotype, we obtain at stunning absorption log 1/R 10–4–10–5 mean distance between two similar single seed spectra. The deterministic gene/genotype-specific NIRS patterns from single seeds/populations and the corresponding deterministic metabolite patterns are interpreted, in the light of the present achievements in molecular and quantum biology, as a discovery of a global decision mechanism by "set probability". It involves a global cell/seed/plant communication resulting in individual specific NIRS and chemical metabolic patterns that prevail on all levels of the phenotype. This ensnaring phenomenon is here labelled as "biological entanglement" with a possible explanation in the quantum world of physics. The observed gene interaction leading to conserved physiochemical fingerprints has consequences with regard to the assessment and breeding for cereal food quality. Only by targeting the food functional complex by a spectral pattern from a certified quality cereal line, that includes an overview of gene interaction, is it possible to get the selection target right from the beginning. Selection by functional NIR spectral fingerprinting first is more effective than by quantitative trait locus (QTL) markers for single quantitative traits, because these DNA markers do not include information on the global gene interaction. The cost of using integrated NIRS breeding is less than one per cent of the costs for molecular QTL breeding. For a new NIRS fingerprinting culture to take on in industry, plant breeding and basic science—an inverse engineering strategy is needed with a library for functional fingerprint evaluation that builds a confidence into each user based on own experience, on how to read the meaning out of every single NIR spectrum.


Clothing is the outward and visible sign of taste, discrimination, social attitude and status. In every culture, men and women pay enormous attention to the minutiae of dress and appearance. This authoritative study looks at both the social and physical aspects of clothes. It traces the history and development of clothing from the earliest times to the machine age, showing how fabrics, decoration, shape and structure, reflect and are affected by culture and technology. Drawing on first-hand experience of the exhibition of costume, this volume also covers the concepts, methods and practicalities of putting clothing on display and making it relevant and accessible to the general public.


The temperature of taste stimuli can modulate gustatory processing. Perceptual data indicate that the adapted temperature of oral epithelia also influences gustation, although little is known about the neural basis of this effect. Here, we electrophysiologically recorded orosensory responses (spikes) to 25°C (cool) and 35°C (warm) solutions of sucrose (0.1 and 0.3 M), NaCl (0.004, 0.1, and 0.3 M), and water from taste-sensitive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract in mice under varied thermal adaptation of oral epithelia. Conditions included presentation of taste stimuli isothermal to adaptation temperatures of 25°C (constant cooling) and 35°C (constant warming), delivery of 25°C stimuli following 35°C adaptation (relative cooling), and presentation of 35°C stimuli following 25°C adaptation (relative warming). Responses to sucrose in sucrose-oriented cells (n = 15) were enhanced under the constant and relative warming conditions compared with constant cooling, where contiguous cooling across adaptation and stimulus periods induced the lowest and longest latency responses to sucrose. Yet compared with constant warming, cooling sucrose following warm adaptation (relative cooling) only marginally reduced activity to 0.1 M sucrose and did not alter responses to 0.3 M sucrose. Thus, warmth adaptation counteracted the attenuation in sucrose activity associated with stimulus cooling. Analysis of sodium-oriented (n = 25) neurons revealed adaptation to cool water, and cooling taste solutions enhanced unit firing to 0.004 M (perithreshold) NaCl, whereas warmth adaptation and stimulus warming could facilitate activity to 0.3 M NaCl. The concentration dependence of this thermal effect may reflect a dual effect of temperature on the sodium reception mechanism that drives sodium-oriented cells.


Gaussian processes (GPs) provide a gold standard for performance in online settings, such as sample-efficient control and black box optimization, where we need to update a posterior distribution as we acquire data in a sequential fashion. However, updating a GP posterior to accommodate even a single new observation after having observed $n$ points incurs at least $O(n)$ computations in the exact setting. We show how to use structured kernel interpolation to efficiently recycle computations for constant-time $O(1)$ online updates with respect to the number of points $n$, while retaining exact inference. We demonstrate the promise of our approach in a range of online regression and classification settings, Bayesian optimization, and active sampling to reduce error in malaria incidence forecasting. Code is available at https://github.com/wjmaddox/online_gp.


Aim of the study To present our experience in the treatment of iatrogenic dissections of extracranial internal carotid and vertebral arteries with the Neuroform Atlas stent. Materials and methods Between January 2017 and February 2018 we treated iatrogenic dissections of three internal carotid arteries and three vertebral arteries. These iatrogenic dissections occurred during the endovascular treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The indication for stenting was haemodynamically significant, flow-limiting dissection with threatening flow arrest. In all six cases, the dissections were treated by placement of Neuroform Atlas stents in the dissected segments of internal carotid or vertebral arteries. Deployment of the stent was followed by the usual dual antiplatelet regimen. Results Single or multiple Neuroform Atlas stents were deployed without any technical difficulties, and blood flow was restored immediately after placement of the stents in all six cases. Midterm follow-up (6–8 months) showed complete reconstruction of the shape and lumen of all treated arteries, with negligible intimal hyperplasia. Conclusion Our results indicate that a favourable outcome can be achieved by treating iatrogenic dissections of extracranial internal carotid and vertebral arteries with the Neuroform Atlas stent.


Over the past decades public investment in major, medium and minor irrigation systems has not yielded the expected results. The solution to the growing water crisis lies in the institutional reform of existing social systems so as to manage the demand for water. In recent times, there has been an emphasis on capacity-building of farmer organizations (FO) in irrigation projects. This study focuses on investigating the institutional capacities of FOs in irrigation systems in the Anuradhapura and Kurunegala districts. Primary data was collected from a stratified random sample of 48 FOs selected from major, medium and minor irrigation systems in the Anuradhapura and Kunurnegala districts during 2008. The Group Dynamics Effectiveness Index (GDEI) of FOs was developed by weighing the significance of important parameters and employed in the calculation of the overall effectiveness of FOs. Most of the FO members in both districts were landowners and there was a powerful dominance from farmers. Generally, the marginal participation in FO activities was about 38 % in both districts. The most common causes for the low participation were the lack of accountability and transparency of the functions of FOs. Farmer organizations (FOs) in major and medium irrigation systems had 51 % and 29 % higher GDEI, respectively, than FOs in minor irrigation systems. The values of 'Gini Coefficients' in major, medium and minor irrigation systems were 0.38, 0.43 and 0.48, respectively, thus indicating that FOs play an important role in minimizing inequalities among farmers. There was no significant difference in water productivity (0.19–0.20 $/m3) between major and medium irrigation systems, but the water productivity was low (0.07 $/m3) in minor irrigation systems. Farmer organizations (FOs) with medium size (30–40 members) and economically homogeneous members had better irrigation management. Chi-square results show that while the income equity had no significant effect on the overall GDEI, the participation rate and water productivity that reflects the success of operation and maintenance (O & M) had a significant impact of 5 % and 10 % probability levels to the GDEI of FOs. There is a need to establish strong linkages between the FOs and the Irrigation Department for successful irrigation management. The behavioral change that is required to facilitate the adoption of technology can be effected through institutional changes. It is recommended that FOs need a lot of capacity building in technical and institutional issues to sustain the irrigation systems.Length: pp.7-17


Previous studies have highlighted the role of lifestyle on HDL-C concentrations in adults. To our knowledge, the health and nutritional status of emerging adults have been understudied. The present study aimed to explore the most important lifestyle factors, including micronutrient intake adequacy and the percentage of energy from food processing, according to HDL-C concentrations in emerging adults. In this context, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 261 Mexican emerging adults who were apparently healthy. Lifestyle factors were collected through a structured survey and the prevalence of micronutrient intake inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirement cut-point method. The percentage of energy from ultra-processed foods was assessed using the NOVA system. HDL-C was determined using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS. The results revealed that lifestyle factors do not differ according to HDL-C status. The participants showed a poor nutritional diet that was energy-dense and micronutrient-inadequate. Nearly half of their energy came from processed and ultra-processed foods. Most participants did not meet the recommendations for key nutrients (ϖ3 fatty acids and phytosterols) that promote a healthy lipid status. In conclusion, regardless of their HDL-C levels, emerging adults exhibited lifestyle-related risk factors. The persistence of these findings over time could contribute to the development of metabolic disorders in the future. It is crucial to increase understanding and to develop effective nutritional interventions during this critical phase of life.


In this research, SO3H-functionalizedphthalimide (SFP) has been prepared through simple reaction of phthalimide with chlorosulfonic acid, and characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), mass and TG (thermal gravimetric) spectra. Afterward, the solid acid has been utilized as an efficient, green, heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes by the one-pot multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and 1-naphthol under thermal (70 °C) and microwave (540 W) conditions.


In recent years, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has gained momentum. This development has only been intensified by the current COVID-19 crisis, which promotes the development of applications that can help stop the virus from spreading by monitoring people's movements and their social contacts. At the same time, it has become increasingly difficult for individuals to control the use of their private data by commercial companies. While Internet users claim to be highly interested in protecting their privacy, their behaviors indicate otherwise. This phenomenon is discussed in literature as the so-called privacy paradox. The existence of the privacy paradox has also been confirmed by previous studies, which found individuals' claims and actions to contradict one another. The present study investigates the following research questions: (1) What significance do individuals attribute to protecting their privacy, with a special focus on the health sector? (2) To what extent are they willing to grant commercial parties access to their data in order to use applications in general and health applications in particular? Results from seven focus groups with 40 respondents aged 20–30 years were conducted in an urban setting in Austria in late 2019. The respondents' inputs are meant to provide answers to these questions. The results indicate that, overall, the young generation is well-informed about the growing data collection and is quite critical of it. As such, their willingness to share information in the health context is only moderately pronounced. Thus, only a moderately pronounced privacy paradox can be detected for the health sector when compared to other sectors. In conclusion, implications and directions for further research are addressed.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position on dynamic stability in female with genu varum. Methods: Eight females with genu varum participated in this study and performed the four squat exercise methods that foot position (−45, 0, +45) and 0 squat with band. Center of pressure (COP; anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, traveled distance, ellipse area) and ground reaction force as dynamic stability were measured using footscan system. Multivariate analysis of variance and one-way repeated analysis of variance measurement with Tukey honestly significant difference were used to identify significant differences of foot angle (−45, 0, +45) and 0 squat with band method. Results: In anterior-posterior COP displacement, −45 foot angle and 0 squat with band were significantly showed lower than +45 foot angle squat (p=0.006). Also, in COP traveled distance, 0 squat was significantly showed lower than +45 foot angle (p=0.019). During the descending phase, ground reaction force significantly showed in −45 foot angle was lower than other exercise methods. Conclusion: The 0 squat with band exercise showed higher dynamic stability and +45 foot angle squat exercise showed lower dynamic stability in female with genu varum.


and of these, 53.8% were preterm. There was no statistical difference in SGA and prematurity between fetuses with echogenic bowel and EIAS. There were three significant neonatal bowel findings (2.7%): one neonate had a meconium plug, one neonate had an imperforate anus requiring anoplasty, and one neonate had a known diagnosis of omphalocele, with no statistical difference between echogenic bowel and EIAS. Conclusions: This study suggests the actual rates of CF or infections in prenatal diagnoses of EB or EIAS may be less than previously thought. The necessity of infection and CF work-up, particularly with newer sequencing technology, needs to be reassessed in larger populations.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to study the job satisfaction and influential factors of clinical nurses. Methods: Data were collected using questionaires from 323 nurses who were working at hospitals located in M city. For data analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. Results: The means of self-esteem, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction were 3.01, 3.23, and 3.04, respectively. There were statistically significant correlations among self-esteem, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Significant predictors of job satisfaction were organizational commitment and education opportunity. These two factors accounted for 50.9% of variance in job satisfaction of the nurses. Organizational commitment was the most influential variable. Conclusion: In rapidly changing environments, hospital system has been transformed into a highly complex and specialized structure. To manage human resources and reduce turnover rates, it is necessary to develop a strategy for nurses to improve the levels of self-esteem, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction.


The importance of the problem of surface ozone concentration and its influence on both working conditions and the environment have been presented in the article. It is said that world scientists are engaged in finding the ways to solve the problem. The necessity of the station networks development for monitoring surface ozone concentration in the Russian Federation has been stated. Several ways of protection from excessive ozone concentration are suggested.


While researchers have developed more effective programs and strategies to prevent the initiation of substance use and increasingly communities are delivering these interventions, determining the degree to which they are delivered as they were designed remains a significant research challenge. In the past several years, more attention has been given to implementation issues during the various stages of program development and diffusion. This paper presents the findings from a substudy of an evaluation of a newly designed middle and high school substance abuse prevention program, Take Charge of Your Life delivered by local Drug Abuse Resistance Education officer instructors. A key aspect of the study was to determine the extent to which implementation fidelity, using the measures of content coverage and appropriate instructional strategy, was associated with improvement in the program mediators of realistic normative beliefs, understanding the harmful effects of substance use and the acquisition of decision-making and resistance skills. Although it was found that higher fidelity was associated with better scores on some of the mediators, this was not a consistent finding. The mixed results are discussed within the context of the lesson activities themselves.


The giant muscle protein titin extends over one half of the muscle sarcomere. In its largest isoform titin comprises more than 38,000 residues and about 300 domains. Its structural complexity does not allow the application of classical structural biology methods to determine its overall architecture. Therefore, we have decided to chop the protein into smaller fragments and determine the high resolution structures of representative parts. Within this endeavor, we have also become interested to consider known ligands involved in the titin interactome for structural/functional analysis. Over the last decade, we determined structures of the N-terminal assembly complex (Zou et al., 2006), from the I-band (Mayans et al., 2001; Vega et al., unpublished) and from the A-band including the kinase domain and down-stream signaling complexes (Mayans et al., 1998; Muller et al., 2006; Muller et al., 2007; Muller et al., unpublished; Chen et al., unpublished). The available data allow modeling a large part of the titin proteome and to interpret available low resolution data of the entire titin filament. Combined with complementary functional data, our findings reveal key structural/functional relationships of titin and its interactions partners. Structural biology results from a related sarcomeric filament protein, myomesin (also known as mini-titin) will be presented in a separate contribution. Some of the data have been published recently (Pinotsis et al., 2008). References: Mayans et al. (1998) Nature 395, 863-869. Mayans et al. (2001) Structure 9, 331-340. Muller et al. (2007). J Mol Biol. 371, 469-480. Muller et al. (2006) FEBS Lett. 580, 341-444. Pinotsis et al. (2008) EMBO J. 27, 253-264. Zou P, Pinotsis, N et al. (2006) Nature 439, 229-33.


Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major therapeutic challenges that limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic response resulting in poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC). The multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) is a membrane-bound ABC transporter involved in cross resistance to many structurally and functionally diverse classes of anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, taxane, and platinum. In this study, we utilize homology modelling and molecular docking analysis to determine the binding affinity and the potential interaction sites of MRP1 with Carboplatin, Gemcitabine, Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel, and Topotecan. We used AutoDock Vina scores to compare the binding affinities of the anticancer drugs against MRP1. Our results depicted Carboplatin < Gemcitabine < Topotecan < Doxorubicin < Paclitaxel as the order of binding affinities. Paclitaxel has shown the highest binding affinity whereas Carboplatin displayed the lowest affinity to MRP1. Interestingly, our data showed that Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Topotecan bind specifically to Asn510 residue in the transmembrane domains 1 of the MRP1. Our results suggest that Carboplatin could be an appropriate therapeutic choice against MRP1 in OC as it couples weakly with Carboplatin. Further, our findings also recommend opting Carboplatin with Gemcitabine as a combinatorial chemotherapeutic approach to overcome MDR phenotype associated with recurrent OC.


Summary

The springs of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) in central Australia support a unique, but threatened ecosystem adapted to permanent fresh water in a desert landscape.

Taxa within these springs are short-range endemics, with very limited distributions, making them highly susceptible to extinction. Knowledge of fine-scale dispersal mechanisms will help to develop conservation management plans that maintain gene flow and, by extension, the genetic diversity of these populations.

This study focused on determining dispersal capabilities of the endemic GAB spring amphipod, Wangiannachiltonia guzikae, in an area <4 km2. Using 11 microsatellite loci, 288 individuals were genotyped from 14 springs.

Despite the very small area, low levels of gene flow and significant population differences were found among individual spring populations. Microgeographical genetic structure is clearly evident, and fine-scale dispersal is significantly correlated with temporary waterways between springs.

This pattern of genetic divergence supports the stream hierarchy model of population structure and suggests that connectivity between springs is critical for gene flow, although the precise mechanism of dispersal is still open for interpretation.


Purpose: To describe a case of polymicrobial keratitis and endophthalmitis successfully treated with topical and systemic antibacterial and antifungal agents, collagen cross-linking (CXL) and penetrating keratoplasty.
Methods: Case report
Results: A 59-year-old woman presented with a corneal ulcer. Multiple samplings of the corneal lesion were used for microbiological investigations by standard protocol that repeatedly revealed coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sp. (CoNS); mycotic tests were negative. She was treated with topical and systemic antibiotics and an emergency therapeutic keratoplasty was performed. Four months later, she was readmitted for ulcerative keratitis and endophthalmitis. Laboratory work up on corneal corneal scraping and aqueous humor cultures showed a Fusarium species, CoNS and Bacillus species. She was treated with topical and systemic voriconazole, antibacterials, and the corneal cross-linking (CXL) procedure. Complete resolution of the infection was observed but a large vascular leucoma developed. A penetrating keratoplasty and anterior segment reconstruction surgery with very good results were performed seven months later.
Conclusions: Voriconazole, antibacterial antibiotics and CXL were effective in the management of a severe polymicrobial corneal ulcer progressing to endophthalmitis with no side-effects observed.


To the Editor. —I studied a series of 75 patients with a positive titer of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in my clinical neurology practice. The serologic findings were all greater than 1:80 for antibody to the anticapsular antigen. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) those with bilateral sciatic neuropathy, a monophasic illness, with follow-up to two years; (2) those with clinical multiple sclerosis but normal CSF, including the absence of oligoclonal antibody; and (3) those with clinical multiple sclerosis with abnormal CSF, including the presence of oligoclonal antibody. The usual clinical laboratory test for mononucleosis was negative weeks to months after clinical onset. The assay for antibody to anticapsular antigen was positive for extended periods after infection or exposure. The virus was a DNA virus. With the current use of antiviral agents to include effective treatments for herpes encephalitis, it was thought that this association was important. The quantitative


A compact, low-crosstalk 8/spl times/8 optical matrix switch module has been developed. A thermooptic switch chip and driving circuits with TTL interfaces are integrated on a 100-mm/sup 2/ ceramic substrate. It achieved a low insertion loss of 10.0 dB, a low crosstalk level of -25.9 dB, and had excellent stability in practical operation. A photonic intermodule connector for electronic switching systems in the near future is also demonstrated through the use of these optical switch modules. >


The objective of this study was to investigate effects of somatostatin combined with pantoprazole on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients. It was an experimental study carried out from February 2016 to April 2018. Eighty-two patients were randomly divided into group A and group B with 41 in each group. Pantoprazole was used in group A and somatostatin combined with pantoprazole was used in group B. Results showed that time of abdominal pain relief, intestinal function recovery and ventilator weaning in group B were shorter than those in group A (all p<0.001). After treatment, levels of CRP and ICAM-1 in group B were lower than those in group A (both p<0.001). Compared with pantoprazole alone, somatostatin combined with pantoprazole has a better therapeutic effect on SAP, and its mechanism may be related to reduction of serum CRP and ICAM-1.


Few studies have attempted to systematize the broader consequences of ordinary indebtedness – the inevitable other side of credit. My purpose here is to suggest four preliminary theses on the role of indebtedness in the evolution of capitalism, with special reference to the rural sphere. I argue that across time and space, credit/debt relations have not only been a key factor behind social differentiation through the control of land, labour and capital (Thesis I). They have also fostered market discipline by forcing the borrower – whether a poor peasant or a company manager – to calculate, pay, trade, work, intensify (Thesis II). Interest-bearing and guarantee-based loans have thus generated pressures for economic growth, short-termism and innovations, but have also undermined traditional community bonds and environmental conditions (Thesis III). Through its remarkable reward-or-punish nature, the credit/debt couple represents a powerful mechanism of social selection that has, in the long run, crucially shaped the evolution of capitalism (Thesis IV).


Background: Patient Satisfaction- refers to a state of pleasure or happiness with an action or service especially one that was earlier desired. Patient satisfaction is progressively appreciated measure of outcome for health care procedures and it was a measure of success in this hospitals. It was affected by anesthetist's patient interaction, in the preoperative anesthetic evaluation. No prior study conducted in our setup. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate inpatients' satisfaction with preoperative anesthetic evaluation and associated factors at Menelik II Referral Hospital Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods- Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted at Menelik II Referral Hospital from Jan 6 to Feb 6, 2016, All patients who remained for elective surgery were included in the study period and interview 24 hours after operation. Data were collected using pretested standard questionnaires. All items in the structured questionnaire were scored on five point Likert scale. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to measure statistical significance between dependent and each independent variable. P-value 0.05 and 95% CI was used as cut off point. Results: Two hundred and seventy-five patients were operated upon under anesthesia during the study period. Of these, a total of 224 patients were included in this study with a response rate of 81.5 %, with the overall proportion of patients who said they were satisfied with anesthesia services was 72.3 %.the major factors that take patient dissatisfaction were 68.1% of patient explain anesthetist were not introduce him or herself to the patient, information on postoperative analgesia were 99.1% and postoperative nausea vomiting management were accounts 84.8%. Conclusion and recommendation : Patient satisfaction with anesthesia services was low 72.3 % in our setup compared with many previous studies, and females more dissatisfied 42.4 % than males 57.6 %. Factors that affected patient satisfaction negatively may be preventable or enhanced. Further study should be done and patient satisfaction give an emphasis.


In this brief note I discuss two citation analysis-based studies in history of analytic philosophy that I recently published, highlighting some of their methodological features. In the first section, I sum up the two studies, focusing on the three methodologies that were used (citation counting, co-citation analysis, and citation context analysis). In the second section, I advance three remarks on these studies. Firstly, I argue that citation analysis methods shed light on the form rather than the content of the object. Secondly, I argue that these methods frame the object under study at the documental level, instead of  the intellectual level studied by internalist and the social level studied by externalist history of philosophy. Thirdly, I point out that citation analysis unveils patterns that are invisible at the micro-scale and that are difficult to study by traditional methodologies. I argue that we need new theories and concepts to better understand the objects and phenomena we observe from this distant point of view. In the third section, I highlight the strengths and weaknesses of citation analysis. I conclude by stressing the need for an interdisciplinary research programme that integrates citation analysis, history of philosophy, and the social studies of science.


Background: RS is widely used for estimating 10-yr risk of DR for br ca patients receiving 5yrs adjuvant endocrine treatment alone. EndoPredict is a prognostic test which unlike RS combines its eight-gene expression signature (EP score) with tumor size and nodal status to provide the EPclin score with a single low/high risk cut-off at 10% risk of DR at 10yrs similar to the low/intermediate risk cut-off with RS. Aims: To determine the prognostic value of EP/EPclin over 10yrs, 0-5yrs and 5-10yrs in ER+/HER2- br ca patients and to compare this with the RS (i) alone (primary objective) and (ii) in addition to the clinical treatment score (CTS [developed in TransATAC]: nodes (N); tumour size; grade; age; tam or AI). Methods: mRNA from 928 ER+/HER2- primary br ca from patients treated with anastrozole or tamoxifen in the ATAC trial on which RS was already available were assessed for the EP/EPclin. Primary end point was DR. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine DR risk for 0-10, 0-5 and 5-10yrs follow-up. Likelihood ratio tests (LR-chi sq) were used to assess the prognostic information provided by EP, EPclin, and RS alone and in combination with CTS. Results: Median follow-up was 9.95 yrs. The table shows the LR-chi sq for the prognostic information provided by each marker alone (univariate) and the information on top of CTS for all patients, and N- and N+ subgroups in 0-10, 0-5 and 5-10yrs. EP and EPclin provided substantially more prognostic information than RS across all three time periods and subgroups, except for N- patients in 0-5yrs. EP and EPclin also provided more information in addition to CTS than RS in 0-10yrs due to better performance of EP and EPclin in 5-10yrs where RS added no significant information to CTS. Using predefined cut-offs, EPclin and RS identified 546 (58.8%) and 573 (61.7%) patients as low risk respectively (HR (95%CI) low vs. non-low risk: 5.9 (3.9-9.1) and 2.7 (1.9-3.8), respectively). The EP score significantly added prognostic information to the RS over 0-10yrs and 5-10yrs in the overall, N- and N+ populations. Cases classified discordantly by EPclin and RS followed the EPclin classification more closely than RS classification. Conclusions: EPclin was highly prognostic for DR in all patients, N-, N+, early and late metastasis. EPclin provided more prognostic information than RS in part but not solely because of the integration of the EP score with N and tumour size parameters. The data stress the importance of including clinicopathological factors in deriving an overall estimate of risk. Citation Format: Dowsett M, Sestak I, Buus R, Kronenwett R, Denkert C, Krappmann K, Scheer M, Petry C, Dubsky P, Cuzick J. EndoPredict (EPclin) score for estimating residual distant recurrence (DR) risk in ER+/HER2- breast cancer (br ca) patients treated with 5 years adjuvant endocrine therapy alone: Validation and comparison with the oncotype DX recurrence score (RS). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr S3-01.


Background: Data suggest that breast cancer risk factor associations vary by tumor marker expression. However, individual studies often lack the power required to assess these relationships and pooled analyses are limited by non-standardized scoring of tumor markers. To address these limitations, the Breast Cancer Association Consortium is assessing whether automated image analysis of immunohistochemically stained tissue microarrays (TMAs) can permit standardized scoring of tumor markers. Methods: TMA sections prepared in 10 case-control studies containing up to 9,298 breast cancers stained for estrogen receptor (ER); progesterone receptor (PR); human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK 5/6) were scanned as digital images. Automated algorithms were used to score markers in tumor cells using the Ariol system. We are analyzing consistency of automated scores within individual studies; between studies; and against visual reads. Results: Preliminarily, distributions of automated scores were generally similar across different TMA blocks within a study; however isolated blocks yielded disparate results related to low or high intensity staining for a marker or the counterstain across the entire slide. Distributions of scores varied between studies, suggesting the need for study-specific cutpoints for negative vs. positive. Analysis of receiver operator characteristic curves comparing automated analysis to independently recorded visual reads in two studies demonstrated areas under the curves of 0.90 and 0.93 for tumors classified visually as ER+/PR+ and 0.91 and 0.88 for tumors scored visually as ER-/PR-. Cores scored as negative for EGFR or CK 5/6 by automated methods agreed well with visual scores, but many tumors scored as positive by automated analysis were negative by visual review, irrespective of ER / PR status. Thus, restricting analyses to ER-/PR- tumors (a subset of interest) reduced the number of discrepancies. Ongoing analyses are comparing automated and visual scores for all markers / studies and are assessing risk factor associations for breast cancer by tumor marker expression (negative vs. positive and strength of expression) based on automated scores. Conclusions: Automated analysis of immunohistochemically stained TMAs of breast cancers may be useful in standardizing high throughout characterization of cancer markers in multicenter studies and in consortia, although additional methodologic work is needed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3762.


The incorporation of 32P1 into phospholamban, troponin I, phosphatidylinositols, and inositol trisphosphates was studied in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts stimulated with isoproterenol. Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [32P]P| and freezeclamped at different times during the positive inotropic response. Exposure of the hearts to 0.1 μM isoproterenol for up to 1 minute was associated with significant (up to threefold) increases in phospholamban and troponin I phosphorylation, but there was no significant increase in 32P incorporation into phospholipids. However, longer exposure (2 minutes or more) to isoproterenol was associated with increases in the degree of P labeling of phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acid. Examination of 32P labeling of Inositol trisphosphates in the same hearts revealed that the radioactivity associated with these compounds decreased with time. The decreases were significant at times of exposure of 2 minutes or longer to β-adrenergic stimulation. The tissue levels of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate isoform were also measured in hearts perfused with isoproterenol for 3 minutes, and they were found to be significantly lower compared with values obtained in control hearts. The effects of isoproterenol on 32P incorporation into phospholipids and proteins were observed in the presence of prazosin, and they were completely abolished by the β-receptor blocker propranolol. Examination of the phosphoinositldespecific phosphoUpase C activity in the perfused hearts revealed that isoproterenol stimulation was associated with a decrease in the membrane-associated enzymatic activity at physiological calcium concentrations. These findings indicate that β-adrenergic stimulation of isolated hearts is associated with changes in basal phosphatidylinositol turnover that may be mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of the phosphoUpase C enzymatic activity specific for phosphatidylinositols.


Integrating into the clinical practice of medicine the recent evidence that psychiatric illness and mental stress contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease has not been a seamless process. The evidence for such a link, in fact, had been slow in materializing. The importance of acute mental stress as a trigger for cardiac catastrophes (acute myocardial infarction, sudden death) and of depressive illness as a cause of coronary heart disease, however, is now firmly established. But the spectre of workplace litigation still does hang over the field, clouding the arguments and polarizing medical opinion. Now that a consensus finally seems to have been reached that mental stress, including in the workplace, is an important cause of coronary heart disease and hypertension, it is hoped that the primary outcome will be the implementation of preventive measures to reduce stress in the workplace, such as worker empowerment to end the very adverse high demand/low job control scenario, rather than a rash of lawsuits. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of the paper is to provide some calculations on the current water balance for the Vistula Lagoon, which is exceptionally valuable in terms of biology and hydrology. It is located along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in both Poland and Russia. In the era of marked climate change, but first and foremost the plans of the Polish side of the cross-cutting of the Vistula Spit, there has been a need to update the balance data of the Vistula Lagoon. In the near future, they may be an excellent comparative material to changes in the proportions of individual water circulation components in the Vistula Lagoon and changes in its entire ecosystem, caused by the implementation of the project. In the literature on the subject, balance sheet data from 50 years ago are used (these data were compiled in the initial part of the study), hence the concept of attempting to update them has appeared. Due to the lack of data from the Russian part of the catchment area, the main emphasis in the work was put on the completion and modernization of the components of the balance sheet of the Polish catchment. A novelty at work is the refinement of the potamical inflow to the Vistula Lagoon with small but numerous streams flowing from the Elbląg Upland, as well as the inflow forced by polder discharges. Climate water balance data are shown based on data available from IMGW in Warsaw and include monthly precipitation totals for the period 1996–2010 obtained at six gauging sites located near the Vistula Lagoon. Evaporation was calculated using Tichomirov's formula. River water influx was determined based on data available in Kruk (2011), data from IMGW (Pasłęka River) and data from papers Bogdanowicz (2007, 2009) and documents associated with the Program for biological passages in rivers in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province (2007). Raw data were also obtained from the Office of Water Management in the city of Elbląg for the period 2006–2011. These data covered water flow moving from the polders. Groundwater influx was estimated using values provided by Silicz (1975). The volume of seawater influx was estimated using the data provided by Silicz (1975) and Chubarenko and Chubarenko (2002). The study confirms that water exchange in coastal lagoons is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of recharge and several different places where water is lost. The complexity of water cycle is enhanced by a complex hydrographic system of lagoon catchments and a complicated system of water exchange with the sea. The total water volume involved in circulation in the Vistula Lagoon is estimated to be 24,225 mln m3 per year. The largest part of the water received by a coastal lagoon comes from the sea. In this case, it is about 77% (18,130 mln m3 per year). In addition, an array of catchment sources yields about 21% of the studied lagoon's water. Its catchment provides an additional 4,974 mln m3 of water. The Pregolya River produces 55% of the catchment influx. The volume of water forcibly produced by area polders is so small that it does not produce an observable effect on the water balance in the Lagoon (about 0.04% of total influx). The precipitation constitutes 2.3% of the power supply source of the Vistula Lagoon. On the other hand, the Strait of Baltiysk constitutes the main outflow pathway for water exiting the Vistula Lagoon – close to 98% of all outflow (23,694 mln m3). The remaining 2% is lost due to evaporation.


An examination of the relation between concepts and experiencing. This work examines the edge of awareness, where language emerges from non-language. In moving back and forth between what is already verbalized and what is as yet unarticulated, Eugene Gendlin shows how experiencing functions in the transitions between one formulation and the next. A whole array of more than logical "characteristics" enables us to examine as well as to employ this new kind of thinking which is not merely conceptual because it begins from the intricacy of felt meaning and returns to it again and again.


Currently our government and the private sectors are very much interested in the establishment of marine aquaculture. For the successful operation in aquaculture of finfishes and shellfishes, the basic requirement is the suitable diet, apart from proper environment. For the larvae, juveniles and adult stages of the culturing organisms the live Artemia is the ideal food. The aquaculturists the worldover are using live food for their culturing organisms, as the live food played an important role in the dietary management
of aquaculture of finfishes and shellfishes (Sorgeloos and Kulasekarapandian, 1984), particularly during larval stages. The live nauplii of Artemia are used in aquaculture of finfishes and shellfishes due to being nutritionally balanced, non polluting, economically bearable, viable and readily acceptable to the culturing species. The adult Artemia is also used for feeding the aquarium fishes particularly so when there is a clear abundance of this resource which is cheaper and can economically compete with alternative artificial diet. By the use of Artemia the aquaculturists may obtain optimum growth and survival
rate of the organisms. The life cycle of Artemia is very short, which is completed within two weeks especially during dry season in highly saline waters, the two weeks old Artemia starts producing cysts. These cysts become ready to harvest within a week.


Several articles deal with tilings with squares and dominoes of the well-known regular square mosaic in Euclidean plane, but not any with the hyperbolic regular square mosaics. In this article, we examine the tiling problem with colored squares and dominoes of one type of the possible hyperbolic generalization of $(2\times n)$-board.


Discussions about innovation in the organizational context were brought up between the mid 18th and 19th centuries; since then, concepts, definitions, and classifications of innovations have been created and incorporated into the academic and organizational contexts. The understanding of such concepts is fundamental for the agents involved to realize the different possibilities for the generation and management of innovation. This chapter, based on a literature review, develops a synthesis of concepts and classifications about innovation and presents a proposal for the analysis of innovative activity based on five dimensions: degree of novelty, object, focus, scope, and development. In addition, based on the assumption that universities are characterized as the most important producer of scientific knowledge in the context of innovation systems, it analyzes the modes of knowledge production and the respective role of scientific knowledge for the generation of innovation.


Due to the common and undesirable effects of 'stage fright' among perform ing musicians, the current study has been undertaken to re-examine the issue of performance anxiety among second- and third-year vocal studies students taking their mid-year examinations at the Guildhall School of Music in London. The results reveal females to be more anxious compared to the norms regarding anxiety both as a personality trait and as a state condition during the anticipation of a jury situation. In addition, the study confirms the suggestion in the literature that a proportional relationship exists between the trait and state aspects of anxiety, where state anxiety levels get higher as trait anxiety increases and vice versa. Regarding the students' achievement as indicated in their final marks, it has been shown that not only will the more advanced musicians, in terms of training and experience, perform better under anxious conditions but they also benefit from their higher levels of pre-performance anxiety.