T similar appearance of physicians wearing white lab coats as they walk down hospital corridors often leads to cases of mistaken identities. Although surgeons are readily identifiable by their scrubs, it is much more difficult to distinguish other specialists. This often leads to confusion among nurses and other doctors who might be wondering if the nearby group of physicians are, for instance, internists, radiologists or obstetricians. The end result may be erroneous questions, embarrassed cases of mistaken identities and inappropriate usage of time. To solve this problem, I propose that physicians be assigned a specific lab-coat colour on the basis of their specialty. This would make them easily distinguishable. To wit: • cardiologists and hematologists: red • gastroenterologists: brown • obstetricians: pink (or blue, depending) • radiologists: black and white • nephrologists: pale yellow • hepatologists: bright yellow • infectious disease specialists: mouldy green And so on. Using this simple, low-cost method, much of the confusion that currently exists could be eliminated, allowing physicians to be correctly identified even from far away. Further studies need to be done to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of this approach, to choose appropriate accessories for each lab-coat colour and to determine how colour-blind people might be affected. I await prospective validation of this suggestion in a randomized, but not blinded, controlled trial.


With the 8 TeV LHC run now concluded, the first consequences of the experimental results on the supersymmetric parameter space can be drawn. On one hand, the negative direct searches place more and more stringent bounds on the mass of supersymmetric particles; on the other hand, the discovery of a 125 GeV Higgs boson points toward a quite heavy spectrum for the squarks of the third generation, at least in the minimal supersymmetric model. In this note I will briefly recap how this constitutes a problem for the naturalness of supersymmetric models, as well as the current experimental situation. Moreover, I will point out possible non minimal models in which the naturalness issue can be at least soften.


We aimed to systematically review studies that examine factors affecting marital adjustment among parents of children with disabilities, especially the autistic children. Besides, we emphasized the effects of gender on marital adjustments among the parents. There were at least 20 articles reviewed. The related journal articles on factor affecting marital adjustments were downloaded with cut off limit from 1992 to 2012. The articles were then analyzed and organized according to the definitions of marital adjustments and various factor affecting marital adjustments. We found there was no conclusive evidence regarding the factors affecting the marital among parents of autistics children. There was conclusive evidence from the reviewed literature regarding gender effect, yet the number of article supporting it was small. Mothers of autistics children were more affected in the marital adjustments as compared to fathers. Finally, with conclusion we then suggest for future interventional study.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Clinical registries are critical for modern surgery and underpin outcomes research, device monitoring, and trial development. However, existing approaches to registry construction are labor-intensive, costly, and prone to manual error. Natural language processing techniques combined with electronic health record (EHR) data sets can theoretically automate the construction and maintenance of registries. Our aim was to automate the generation of a spine surgery registry at an academic medical center using regular expression (regex) classifiers developed by neurosurgeons to combine domain expertise with interpretable algorithms.

METHODS
We used a Hadoop data lake consisting of all the information generated by an academic medical center. Using this database and structured query language queries, we retrieved every operative note written in the department of neurosurgery since our transition to EHR. Notes were parsed using regex classifiers and compared with a random subset of 100 manually reviewed notes.

RESULTS
A total of 31 502 operative cases were downloaded and processed using regex classifiers. The codebase required 5 days of development, 3 weeks of validation, and less than 1 hour for the software to generate the autoregistry. Regex classifiers had an average accuracy of 98.86% at identifying both spinal procedures and the relevant vertebral levels, and it correctly identified the entire list of defined surgical procedures in 89% of patients. We were able to identify patients who required additional operations within 30 days to monitor outcomes and quality metrics.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates the feasibility of automatically generating a spine registry using the EHR and an interpretable, customizable natural language processing algorithm which may reduce pitfalls associated with manual registry development and facilitate rapid clinical research.


We describe a field study of Chronoscope, a tangible photo viewer that lets people revisit and explore their digital photos with the support of temporal metadata. Chronoscope offers different temporal modalities for organizing one's personal digital photo archive, and for exploring possible connections in and across time, and among photos and memories. We deployed four Chronoscopes in four households for three months to understand participants' experiences over time. Our goals are to investigate the reflective potential of temporal modalities as an alternative design approach for supporting memory-oriented photo exploration, and empirically explore conceptual propositions related to slow technology. Findings revealed that Chronoscope catalyzed a range of reflective experiences on their respective life histories and life stories. It opened up alternative ways of considering time and the potential longevity of personal photo archives. We conclude with implications to present opportunities for future HCI research and practice.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.

DESIGN
Tissue specimens were obtained from our patients. Middle ear cholesteatoma-derived fibroblasts (MECFs) and postauricular skin-derived fibroblasts (SFs) as controls were then cultured for a few weeks. These fibroblasts were stimulated with interleukin (IL) 1alpha and/or IL-1beta before gene expression assays. We used the human genome U133A probe array (GeneChip) and real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine and compare the gene expression profiles of the MECFs and SFs.

SUBJECTS
Six patients who had undergone tympanoplasty.

RESULTS
The IL-1alpha-regulated genes were classified into 4 distinct clusters on the basis of profiles differentially regulated by SF and MECF using a hierarchical clustering analysis. The messenger RNA expressions of LARC (liver and activation-regulated chemokine), GMCSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), epiregulin, ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and TGFA (transforming growth factor alpha) were more strongly up-regulated by IL-1alpha and/or IL-1beta in MECF than in SF, suggesting that these fibroblasts derived from different tissues retained their typical gene expression profiles.

CONCLUSIONS
Fibroblasts may play a role in hyperkeratosis of middle ear cholesteatoma by releasing molecules involved in inflammation and epidermal growth. These fibroblasts may retain tissue-specific characteristics presumably controlled by epigenetic mechanisms.


We demonstrate that sharp, well-defined transmission resonances occur with various classes of aperiodic aperture arrays, including quasiperiodic and approximate quasiperiodic structures. The resonance frequencies may be directly obtained from the associated aperture array structure factor.


The phase resolved partial discharge detection technique (or 'PD pattern recording technique') is applicable to field measurements, particularly if combined with disturbance rejection techniques and non-conventional pick-up circuits. Electromagnetic disturbances can be eliminated by filtering in the time domain (impulse noise gating) and/or in the frequency domain (down-mixing). The PD patterns not only reveal the PD physics and thus help to identify the defect type, but also serve to evaluate the efficiency of the disturbance rejection procedure.


Brachytherapy can provide sufficient doses to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with minimal damage to nearby normal tissues. In this study, the β−-emitter 177Lu was conjugated to DTPA-polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated gold nanostars (177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS) used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering and photothermal therapy (PTT). The accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS were compared with those of 177Lu-DTPA on an orthotopic HNSCC tumor model. The SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies showed that 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS can be accumulated in the tumor up to 15 days, but 177Lu-DTPA could not be detected at 24 h after injection. The tumor viability and growth were suppressed by injected 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS but not nonconjugated 177Lu-DTPA, as evaluated by bioluminescent imaging. The radiation-absorbed dose of the normal organ was the highest in the liver (0.33 mSv/MBq) estimated in a 73 kg adult, but that of tumorsphere (0.5 g) was 3.55 mGy/MBq, while intravenous injection of 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS resulted in 1.97 mSv/MBq and 0.13 mGy/MBq for liver and tumorsphere, respectively. We also observed further enhancement of tumor-suppressive effects by a combination of 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS and PTT compared to 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS alone. In conclusion, 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS may be considered as a potential radiopharmaceutical agent for HNSCC brachytherapy.


The name Albania could be cognate with the term Alba which, in Italian, means sunrise, or with the Latin Albus, which means white. This land, at least for the easternmost Italians, those inhabiting the Salento Peninsula, appears at the first light of each day, with its skyline of high and white mountains on the other side of the Otranto Sea. The book from where this contribution has been extracted was realized after several years of visits and excursions in Albania (1995-2007) for professional reasons. Although revised, the book, and its present derived part, still preserve its spontaneous character, just to testify my first impression (sometimes not correct) of each situation I faced with. My wish, trough the present contribution, is to represent a standard western citizen (me) involved in a culture (the South Albanian one) of which he has not knowledge, and to represent also all his volountee to understand it.


1 Georgieva A, Moulden M, Redman CWG. Umbilical cord gases in relation to the neonatal condition: the EveREst plot. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013;168:155–60. 2 Pardey J, Moulden M, Redman CW. A computer system for the numerical analysis of nonstress tests. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:1095–103. 3 Sholapurkar SL. Interpretation of British experts' illustrations of fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations by Consultant Obstetricians, registrars and midwives: a prospective study – Reasons for major disagreement with experts and implications for clinical practice. Open J Obstet Gynecol 2013;3:454–65. 4 Ayres-de-Campos D, Ugwumadu A, Banfield P, Lynch P, Amin P, Horwell D, et al. A randomised clinical trial of intrapartum fetal monitoring with computer analysis and alerts versus previously available monitoring. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2010;10:71–5. 5 INFANT study protocol, Version 12, January 2014 [www.ucl.ac.uk/cctu/researchareas/womens health/infant/documents/finalprotocol]. Accessed 8 July 2014.


Aiming at the limitation of traditional graph-theory clustering method in the process of image segmentation, a new segmentation approach is proposed, which uses fuzzy similarity relationship to weight the edges while a complete graph is constituted. And fuzzy maximum spanning tree is used to clustering. Thus the traditional graph-theory clustering method is improved as the fuzzy graph-theory clustering method. Use the local mean and local variance to construct bivector, define the pixel's local mean and variance vector., then get the fuxxy similarity relationship of each pixel in the picture sequence. Experiments are conducted on two real pictures by MATLAB. Results show that different effects can be get by changing the parameter. And the flexibility is better than other contrast methods'.


Gall size and rates of ethylene production by various hosts infected with Meloidogyne javanica and by excised tomato root cultures infected with M. javanica or M. hapla were measured. Infection with M. javanica increased the rate of ethylene production in dicotyledonous plants (cabbage, pea, carrot, cucumber, carnation, and tomato), but not in infected monocotyledonous plants (corn, wheat, and onion). Nematode infection induced large galls on roots of dicotyledonous, but not monocotyledonous, plants. Excised tomato roots in culture infected with M. javanica produced ethylene at high rates and formed large galls, whereas roots infected with M. hapla produced ethylene at low rates and induced smaller galls.


Study Design The authors measured the thickness and quality of occipital bone regions to determine screw placement during occipitocervical fusion and described the projection of the posterior dural venous sinuses. Objective This study provides anatomic data relevant to areas of screw placement into the occiput during occipitocervical fixation. Summary of Background Data Few reports exist regarding the morphometrics of the occipital bone and intracranial structures relevant to occipitocervical fusion. Method The thickness of the posterior inferior occipital bone was measured relative to a 10 × 5 cm grid. Sections were evaluated grossly and histologically. The projections of the posterior dural venous sinuses were determined by direct measurements. Results The maximum thickness of the occipital bone, which ranged from 11.5 to 15.1 mm in males and from 9.7 to 12.0 mm in females, was at the level of the external occipital protuberance. The occipital bone was thicker than 8 mm in an area extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance for 23 mm and consisted of dense cortical bone with little or no diploic bone. The projection of most of the torcula on the external surface of the occipital bone was located superior to the center of the external occipital protuberance (mean, 12.6 mm superior and 4.7 mm inferior to external occipital protuberance), whereas that of the transverse sinus was distributed more evenly above and below the external occipital protuberance (mean, 7.3 mm superior and 6.5 mm inferior). Conclusions Screws that are 8‐mm long may be inserted in the region of the superior nuchal line (Level 0) extending 2 cm laterally from the center of the external occipital protuberance, 1 cm from the midline at a level 1 cm inferior to the external occipital protuberance (Level 1), and 0.5 cm from the midline at a level 2 cm inferior to the external occipital protuberance (Level 2). The major dural venous sinuses are situated immediately beneath the thickest regions of the occiput and are at risk of penetrative injury during screw placement.


Regarding anti-infectious agents, no maximum residue limits are fixed for honey in the European legislation. Discussions are being conducted in order to set working limits at the European level; for example, for tetracyclines, 20 microg/kg was proposed. The Tetrasensor Honey test kit is a receptor-based assay using dipsticks for a rapid screening (30 min) of honey on the presence of tetracyclines. The test was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The test detects tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in honey in a specific and sensitive way. Depending on the type of tetracycline, detection capabilities (CCbeta) between 6 and 12 microg/kg were obtained (4-7 microg/kg for dried dipsticks). The test is rugged and participation with the test in an international ring trial gave compliant results. It can be concluded that the Tetrasensor Honey test kit is a simple and reliable test that can even be used at the production site.


Long-term shift work is widely believed to increase the risk of certain cancers, but conflicting findings between studies render this association unclear. Evidence of interplay between the circadian clock, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage detection machinery suggests the possibility that circadian rhythm disruption consequent to shift work could alter the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway usage to favor mutagenic non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. To test this hypothesis, we compared relative usage of NHEJ and single-strand annealing (SSA) repair of a complementary ended chromosomal double-stranded break using the Repair Reporter 3 (Rr3) system in Drosophila between flies reared on 12:12 and 8:8 (simulated shift work) light:dark schedules. Actimetric analysis showed that the 8:8 light:dark schedule effectively disrupted the rhythms in locomotor output. Inaccurate NHEJ repair was not a frequent outcome in this system overall, and no significant difference was seen in the usage of NHEJ or SSA repair between the control and simulated shift work schedules. We conclude that this circadian disruption regimen does not alter the usage of mutagenic NHEJ DSB repair in the Drosophila male pre-meiotic germline, in the context of the Rr3 system.


Cross-species transmission of viral diseases alarms our global community for its potential of novel pandemic events. Of various viral pathogens noted recently, parvoviruses have posed public health threats not only to humans but also to wild animals. To investigate the prevalence of parvoviruses in wild Manchurian chipmunks, here we detected genetic fragments of the nonstructural protein of parvovirus by polymerase chain reaction in wild Manchurian chipmunk specimens captured in the central and southern regions of South Korea and compared their sequence homology with references. Of a total of 348 specimens examined, chipmunk parvovirus (ChpPV)-specific gene fragments were detected with a 31.32% rate (109 chipmunks of 348) in their kidney, liver, lung, and spleen samples, and the chipmunks captured in Gangwon Province exhibited the highest positive rate (45.37%), followed by Gyeongsang (35.29%), Gyeonggi (31.03%), Chungcheong (20.00%), and Jeolla (19.70%). When compared with the reference sequences, a partial ChpPV sequence showed 97.70% identity to the previously reported Korean strain at the nucleic acid level. In the phylogenetic analysis, ChpPV exhibited closer relationship to primate parvoviruses, erythroviruses, and bovine parvovirus than to adeno-associated viruses. Despite limited sample size and genetic sequences examined in this study, our results underline the prevalence of ChpPV in Korea and emphasize the need of close surveillance of parvoviruses in wild animals.


Stay cable has a strong axial rigidity due to large initial tension and, on the other hand, it has a weak laterally flexural rigidity. Wind loads or traffic loads cause the cables to vibrate significantly and affect the mechanical properties and the performance of cables of cable-stayed bridge (CSB). Therefore, the development of vibration reduction design is an urgent task to control the vibration vulnerable long-span bridges. As Friction damper (FD) shows to reduce the amplitude and duration time of vibration of cable of CSB from measured date in field test, friction damper can be considered that it is effective device significantly to reduce the amplitude and duration time in vibration of cable of CSB under traffic load, wind load and so on. Vibration characteristics of cable can change according to manufacturing method and type of established form. Nevertheless, analysis method in this study can present the design of friction damper for vibration reduction of cable of cable-stayed bridge from now on.


This paper studies the equilibrium structure parameters and the dependences of the elastic properties on pressure for rutile TiO2 by using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) program in the frame of density functional theory. The obtained equilibrium structure parameters, bulk modulus B0 and its pressure derivative B0 are in good agreement with experiments and the theoretical results. The six independent elastic constants of rutile TiO2 under pressure are theoretically investigated for the first time. It is found that, as pressure increases, the elastic constants C11, C33, C66, C12 and C13 increase, the variation of elastic constant C44 is not obvious and the anisotropy will weaken.


What can dementia, delusions, and other neurological disorders teach us about how the brain creates personal identity and a unified sense of self? Here, a leading neurobiologist offers an intriguing scientific approach to understanding the neurobiology of the self. Drawing on both the latest neuroscientific research, as well as the author's decades of experience with neurological patients, From Axons to Identity examines the link between brain and identity in fascinating new ways. Dr. Feinberg presents case studies of individuals with brain pathologies and unusual psychiatric syndromes that cause them to deny parts of their bodies or believe in the presence of mysterious imposters or imaginary friends, and then presents a groundbreaking new theory of these conditions that relates them to the normal course of psychological development. By examining what goes wrong in individuals with these conditions, Dr. Feinberg presents an engaging new theory with far-reaching implications for the link between brain and identity. From Axons to Identity proposes a new view of the processes of the brain and the self that is unique and revelatory.


In this work, the microstructure and texture evolution of an Al-20Sn (mass%) alloy processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing is presented. The evolution of dislocation cells into subgrains and the mechanical response of the deformed alloy have been emphasized. Samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (for microstrain and texture measurements) and Vickers microhardness. It was found, that Al grains, suffered the highest degree of deformation during the ECAP process, however, the evidence showed that the deformation was largely heterogeneous, in terms of crystalline domain and feasibly in misorientation angles. The initial copper texture changes throughout the ECAP process forming an incipient shear texture component (111)[11-2]. The heterogeneity of the results obtained from the Vickers microhardness mapping could be associated to the microstructure resulted after the ECAP process. © 2014 The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials.


This paper focuses on Women's empowerment within the context of identity mobilization in Africa using as case study the leading Muslim women's association in Nigeria, Federation of Muslim Women Association of Nigeria (FOMWAN). It argues that Muslim women have been able to create an opening for themselves within the structure of Islam in Nigeria in recent times through the use of the discourse of Islamic reform but that such discourse of reform displays contradictions which opens it to being used as a source of legitimacy by more extreme fundamentalist actors with negative impact on the goal of women's empowerment.

 Key words: Islamic, identity, Nigeria, women, Muslim.


To improve the dynamic random error compensation accuracy of the Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscope at different angular rates, an adaptive filtering approach based on the dynamic variance model was proposed. In this paper, experimental data were utilized to fit the dynamic variance model which describes the nonlinear mapping relations between the MEMS gyroscope output data variance and the input angular rate. After that, the dynamic variance model was applied to online adjustment of the Kalman Filter measurement noise coefficients. The proposed approach suppressed the interference from the angular rate in the filtering results. Dynamic random errors were better estimated and reduced. Turntable experiment results indicated that the adaptive filtering approach compensated for the MEMS gyroscope dynamic random error effectively both in the constant angular rate condition and the continuous changing angular rate condition, thus achieving adaptive dynamic random error compensation.


Room-temperature deposited amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) films exhibit intense green light emission after post-treated by plasma oxidation, thermal oxidation and natural oxidation, respectively. All the photolumines-cence (PL) spectra are peaked at around 500 nm, independent of oxidation method and excitation wavelength. Compared with the PL results from oxidized a-Si:H and as-deposited a-SiNx :H samples, it is indicated that not only oxygen but also nitrogen is of an important role in enhancing light emission from the oxidized a-SiNx:H. Combining the PL results with the analyses of the bonding configurations as well as chemical compositions of the films, the strong green light emission is suggested to be from radiative recombination in luminescent centres related to N–Si–O bonds.


The Information Extraction task and the task of Named Entities recognition (NER) in unstructured texts in particular, are essential for modern Mass Media systems. The paper presents a case study of NER system for Russian. The system was built and tested on the Russian news texts. The method of ambiguity resolution under discussion is based on dictionaries and heuristic rules. The dictionaryoriented approach is motivated by the set of strict initial requirements. First, the target set of Named Entities should be extracted with very high precision; second, the system should be easily adapted to a new domain by non-specialists; and third, these updates should result in the same high precision. We focus on the architecture of the dictionaries and on the properties that the dictionaries should have for each class of Named Entities in order to resolve ambiguous situations. The five classes under consideration are Person, Location, Organization, Product and Named Event. The properties and structure of synonyms and context words, expressions and entities necessary for disambiguation are discussed.


Accurate high-resolution leaf area index (LAI) reference maps are necessary for the validation of coarser-resolution satellite-derived LAI products. In this article, we propose an efficient method based on the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) paradigm to combine field observations and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)-derived LAI surfaces in order to produce more accurate LAI reference maps. This method takes into account the uncertainties associated with field observations and with the regression relationship between ETM+-derived LAI and field measurements to perform a non-linear prediction of LAI, the variable of interest. In order to demonstrate the difference by soft data and hard data, we estimate the LAI reference maps by three BME interpolation methods, BME1, BME2, and BME3. BME1 and BME2 perform maximum estimation and mean estimation, respectively, by taking the ETM+-derived LAI as interval soft data and the field LAI measurements as hard data. BME3 is utilized when ETM+-derived LAI surfaces are processed as uniform probability soft data and field measurements are processed as Gaussian probability soft data. Three study sites are selected from the BigFoot project (NASA's Earth Observing System validation programme) (http://www.fsl.orst.edu/larse/bigfoot/index.html). In regard to the mean and standard deviation of LAI surfaces, standard deviation predicted by BME methods has lower values than that derived by ETM+. The mean value of the BME-predicted LAI, which takes into account the uncertainties of field measurements, is lower than that of ETM+-derived LAI at each study site. A comparison with field measurements shows that BME1, BME2, and BME3 have root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.455, 0.485, and 0.517 and average biases of −0.017, −0.010, and −0.304, respectively. The RMSEs and biases of the predicted LAI surfaces are less when compared to the ETM+-derived LAI, which has the average RMSE and bias of 0.642 and −0.080. When the field measurements are processed as soft data, the predicted LAI by BME3 has more bias than those of the predictions by BME1 and BME2, but has less RMSE than that of the ETM+-derived LAI by 0.125. In summary, BME is capable of incorporating the spatial autocorrelation and the uncertainties in the field LAI measurements into the LAI surface estimation to produce a more accurate LAI surface with less RMSE in validation. The maximum estimation has relatively better accuracy than the mean estimation. The results indicate that the BME is a promising method for fusing point-scale and area-scale data.


To treat critical-size bone defects, composite materials and tissue-engineered bone grafts play important roles in bone repair materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bone regenerative potential of hybrid scaffolds consisting of macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and microporous mineralized collagen matrix (MCM). Hybrid scaffolds were synthetized by 3D plotting CPC and then filling with MCM (MCM-CPC group) and implanted into a 5 mm critical size femoral defect in rats. Defects left empty (control group) as well as defects treated with scaffolds made of CPC only (CPC group) and MCM only (MCM group) served as controls. Eight weeks after surgery, micro-computed tomography scans and histological analysis were performed to analyze the newly formed bone, the degree of defect healing and the activity of osteoclasts. Mechanical stability was tested by 3-point-bending of the explanted femora. Compared with the other groups, more newly formed bone was found within MCM-CPC scaffolds. The new bone tissue had a clamp-like structure which was fully connected to the hybrid scaffolds and thereby enhanced the biomechanical strength. Together, the biomimetic hybrid MCM-CPC scaffolds enhanced bone defect healing by improved osseointegration and their differentiated degradation provides spatial effects in the process of critical-bone defect healing.


Complex constraints generally define the performance of air transportation systems. These constraints include aircraft operational characteristics, airline operating procedures, and air traffic control (ATC) requirements. The operational variability that is present in complex air transportation systems and their components typically demands a Monte Carlo approach when modeling system performance metrics. However, the inherent variability is generally not known a priori. This calls for a separate model validation approach that yields estimates of system variability and validates baseline model performance. This paper reports on an integrated aviation modeling platform that was developed for comparing and evaluating proposed aircraft flight operations and ATC procedures. It integrates both an agent-based Monte Carlo modeling environment and a data-driven model validation capability. The capabilities are outlined, the validation approach is described, and examples are presented of performance metrics quantifying operational benefits of air navigation procedures that are currently being implemented at major U.S. airports


The computation of the steady-state distribution of Continuous Time Markov Chains (CTMCs) may be a computationally hard problem when the number of states is very large. In order to overcome this problem, in the literature, several solutions have been proposed such as the reduction of the state space cardinality by lumping, the factorization based on product-form analysis and the application of the notion of reversibility. In this paper we address this problem by introducing the notion of auto reversibility which is defined as a symmetric co inductive relation which induces an equivalence relation among the chain's states. We show that all the states belonging to the same equivalence class share the same stationary probabilities and hence the computation of the steady-state distribution can be computationally more efficient. The definition of auto reversibility takes inspiration by the Kolmogorov's criteria for reversible processes and hence requires to test a property on all the minimal cycles of the chain. We show that the notion of auto reversibility is different from that of reversible processes and does not correspond to other state aggregation techniques such as lumping. Finally, we discuss the applicability of our results in the case of models defined in terms of a Markovian process Algebra such as the Performance Evaluation Process Algebra.


This paper presents a completely Lagrangian approach which is able to solve shape inverse (optimization and identification) electromagnetic problems. A first order deterministic minimization technique combined with Lagrangian finite element approach is used. Theoretical and numerical advantages and drawbacks of such a method are discussed, and some applications are presented.


The South African assassin-fly genus Trichoura Londt, 1994 is reviewed. A new species, Trichoura pardeos sp. n., is described from the arid Karoo in north-western South Africa. A new key to all seven recognized species is provided and the distribution and phenology are discussed. The world fauna of Willistonininae is reviewed, a new taxon Sisyrnodytini tribe n. (type genus Sisyrnodytes Loew, 1856) is established for Ablautus Loew, 1866, Acnephalomyia Londt, 2010, Ammodaimon Londt, 1985, Astiptomyia Londt, 2010, Sisyrnodytes, and Sporadothrix Hermann, 1908 and photographs for all Willistonininae genera are provided.


Maximum likelihood methods have been used to compare the fit of twenty different genetic models to experimental data on fourteen characters, each measured on two parental strains, F(1) hybrids and both backcrosses. Although variation in all characters was continuous, differentiation between the various models was meaningful, the mean likelihood ratio between the best and worst models for each character being greater than 10(4). Models with only one or two loci were adequate to account for the observed genetic variation in eleven of the fourteen characters. These results indicate that even in species without special genetic advantages, it may be possible to identify individually some of the genes responsible for naturally-occurring variation within the range of normality.


This thesis presents an answer to the the problem of capturing Process in the art of oil
painting. Process is understood here as constant motion and probability, a potential rather
than a result, a movement dialectically opposite to the fixed, finished form. As a practical
PhD research project, the thesis combines the author's theoretical findings with a hands-on
demonstration of the physical production of a work of art. In the theoretical part of the
thesis the methodology of philosophical interpretation is used, allowing the use of quantum
mechanics as well as philosophy and mysticism in answering complex questions regarding
matter, detachment, constant change and probability. The art-specific/relevant critical
context for these considerations is provided by analysing Polish matter painting, especially
that of Tadeusz Kantor's informel period (1955-1962) and his own struggle to achieve the
expression of matter, a substance synonymous with life and process in Kantor's thought, in
the oil painting medium. Continuing this path, the present dissertation develops the Dimitto
technique - a way of painting without attaching oneself to the outcome of the brushstroke
on the canvas, as well as an ascetic exercise allowing the detachment and exclusion of the
observer from the painting process. This leads to Multi-Meta-Form, i.e. an oil painting that
was never witnessed by its creator, nor by an audience or anyone else. Thus, without the
observer, whether the painter or any other audience, who inevitably reduces the movement
to a single set of static elements presented on the canvas, the on-going motion is not
stopped, but remains in a state of probability and ontological uncertainty, therefore
expressing the essence of Process. The thesis therefore offers a practical and theoretical
validation for the exclusion of the observer from the painting creation/reception spectrum,
necessary for profound artistic expression of Process as such.


The genetic diversity of European chestnut, Castanea sativa Mill., is undergoing rapid erosion in its center of diversity, eastern Turkey and the Caucasus, due to the arrival and spread of the fungal blight, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murill) Barr. In Azerbaijan, blight was first reported in 2008. Currently, blight has been observed in all regions of Azerbaijan where chestnut is grown. Typically, projects and research designed to respond to plant disease epidemics do not also consider the importance of conserving genetic resources. The present review was undertaken to evaluate the biological suitability of Azerbaijan for implementation of in situ conservation of European chestnut using the biological control technique known as applied hypovirulence. A review of available chestnut blight characterization efforts in Europe suggests that low vegetative compatibility diversity of C. parasitica in Azerbaijan will allow for the successful application of hypovirulence as a biological control. A review of estimates of the area and population required for successful in situ conservation of woody perennials suggests that Azerbaijan will be meet requirements for significant in situ conservation of Castanea sativa.


This review examines the most important results of studies in the field of the chemistry of polyphosphoric acids and their ammonium salts. The chief physicochemical properties and characteristics of these compounds are described. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the preparation of condensed ammonium phosphates by both industrial and laboratory methods. The bibliography contains 113 references.


We construct the so-called theta vectors on noncommutative T4, which correspond to the theta functions on commutative tori with complex structures. Following the method of Dieng and Schwarz, we first construct holomorphic connections and then find the functions satisfying the holomorphic conditions, the theta vectors. The holomorphic structure in the noncommutative T4 case is given by a 2×2 complex matrix, and the consistency requires its off-diagonal elements to be the same. We also construct the tensor product of these functions satisfying the consistency requirement.


Single-molecule fluorescence measurements can provide a new perspective on the conformations, dynamics, and interactions of proteins. Recent examples are described illustrating the application of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy to calcium signaling proteins with an emphasis on the new information available in single-molecule fluorescence burst measurements, resonance energy transfer, and polarization modulation methods. Calcium signaling pathways are crucial in many cellular processes. The calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM) serves as a molecular switch to regulate a network of calcium signaling pathways. Single-molecule spectroscopic methods can yield insights into conformations and dynamics of CaM and CaM-regulated proteins. Examples include studies of the conformations and dynamics of CaM, binding of target peptides, and interaction with the plasma-membrane Ca2+ pump. Single-molecule resonance energy transfer measurements revealed conformational substates of CaM, and single-molecule polarization modulation spectroscopy was used to probe interactions between CaM and the plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase.


Creating 3D content requires a lot of expert knowledge and is often a very time consuming task. Procedural modeling can simplify this process for several application domains. However, creating procedural descriptions is still a complicated task. Graph based visual programming languages can ease the creation workflow; however, direct manipulation of procedural 3D content rather than of a visual program is desirable as it resembles established techniques in 3D modeling. In this paper, we present a dataflow language that features novel contributions towards direct interactive manipulation of procedural 3D models: We eliminate the need to manually program loops (via implicit handling of nested repetitions), we introduce partial reevaluation strategies for efficient execution, and we show the integration of stateful external libraries (scene graphs) into the dataflow model of the proposed language. Keywords-procedural modeling, dataflow graphs, loops, term graphs


The effect of vaccination with a commercially available R-mutant coliform mastitis vaccine on the survival of comingled dairy calves on a farm with endemic salmonellosis was examined. A total of 864 calves were randomly assigned to either vaccine (n = 435) or control (n = 429) groups. Passive transfer status of each calf was determined using refractometer determination of serum total protein concentration. Logistic models were developed to determine the effects of vaccine group and passive transfer status on calf survival to 100 days of age. In a model in which serum protein concentration was treated as a categorical variable, increasing serum total protein concentrations were associated with decreased mortality until these concentrations exceeded 6.0 g/dL. Calves with serum protein concentrations > 6.0 g/dL had increased risk for mortality compared with calves with serum protein concentrations > 5.5 g/dL but < or = 6.0 g/dL. This increased risk for mortality was supported by the results of a logistic model in which serum protein concentration was treated as a continuous variable. The increased risks associated with high serum protein concentration probably reflect the effect of dehydration in calves with occult disease. Neither model demonstrated any significant association between vaccination status and survival to 100 days of age. Based on these results, the routine immunization of calves cannot be recommended as a strategy to prevent mortality on farms with endemic salmonellosis.


Text classification may be viewed as assigning texts in a predefined set of categories. However there are many digital documents that are not organized according to their contents. So it is difficult task to find relevant documents for a user. Automatic text classification problem can solve this problem. In this paper we introduce a new random walk term weighting method for improved text classification. In our approach to weight a term, we exploit the relationship of local (term position, term frequency) and global (inverse document frequency, information gain) information of terms (vertices). Moreover, we weight terms by considering co-occurrence and semantic relation of terms as a measure of dependency. To evaluate our term weighting approach we integrate it in Rocchio text classification algorithm and experimental results show that our method performs better than other random walk models.


Ten-eleven translocation 1 (Tet1) is involved in DNA demethylation in primordial germ cells (PGCs); however, the precise regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In the present study the dynamics of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in developing PGCs and the role of Tet1 in PGC demethylation were analysed. Results show that 5mC levels dropped significantly after embryonic Day 4 (E4) and 5hmC levels increased reaching a peak at E5-E5.5. Interestingly, TET1 protein was highly expressed during E5 to E5.5, which showed a consistent trend with 5hmC. The expression of pluripotency-associated genes (Nanog, PouV and SRY-box 2 (Sox2)) and germ cell-specific genes (caveolin 1 (Cav1), piwi-like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1 (Piwi1) and deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl)) was upregulated after E5, whereas the expression of genes from the DNA methyltransferase family was decreased. Moreover, the Dazl gene was highly methylated in early PGCs and then gradually hypomethylated. Knockdown of Tet1 showed impaired survival and proliferation of PGCs, as well as increased 5mC levels and reduced 5hmC levels. Further analysis showed that knockdown of Tet1 led to elevated DNA methylation levels of Dazl and downregulated gene expression including Dazl. Thus, this study reveals the dynamic epigenetic reprogramming of chicken PGCs invivo and the molecular mechanism of Tet1 in regulating genomic DNA demethylation and hypomethylation of Dazl during PGC development.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of reducing crude protein (CP) contents in diets with a constant metabolizable protein content on the intake, performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility of lactating Holstein-Gyr cows. Animals (n = 24, 103±23 days in milk) were allocated to four treatments (n = 6 per group) with different CP contents: 127, 132, 139, and 156 g kg -1  dry matter (DM). DM intake was not affected by treatments. CP intake and digestibility increased linearly with higher CP contents. Milk yield (23.7±3 kg per day) and the percentages of milk protein (3.3±0.2%) and fat (3.8±0.5%) were not affected by CP reduction. Milk and blood urea nitrogen increased linearly with the increase of CP in the diet, similarly to urinary nitrogen excretion. Nitrogen use efficiency was 29.8 and 22.4% when CP was 127 and 156 g kg -1  DM, respectively. Reducing CP in diets fed to mid-lactating Holstein-Gyr cows increases nitrogen use efficiency and maintains the productive performance of the cows.


This study was conducted to investigate the acceptance levels of employees towards e-learning in the workplace of South Korea. Two hundred and sixty one employees of a food service company voluntarily participated in the study in Fall 2010 and 170 participants' data were valid for final analyses. The survey consisted of 33 items drawn from selected categories from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The results indicated significant differences in the acceptance levels towards e-learning based on gender, age, position, work experience, and e-learning experience. Interestingly, locations of employees did not affect the differences in the acceptance levels towards e-learning. The results showed that performance expectancy, attitudes, and anxiety were the greatest factors that influenced employees' intention to use e-learning in the workplace. These findings suggest that Human Resource Development (HRD) staff should consider factors of technology acceptance in the design and selection of e-learning in the workplace. The limitation of the study includes a small sample size and direct and indirect factors influencing participants' response such as limited technical infrastructure.


This paper describes the accomplishments of a program performed at EG&G to greatly reduce the warm-up time for a rubidium frequency standard (RFS) from minutes to seconds. Typical warm-up times for an RFS range from 1.5 to 10 minutes at room temperature. In some tactical situations, such warm-up times, which may be increased by low ambient temperatures, are undesirable or unacceptable, requiring for example that the RFS be turned on first when setting up a station or be kept "hot" while other equipment is off to conserve power. This program focused on the physics package. The areas that were investigated and improved related to warm-up of the absorption cell (using a design with sapphire faceplates), lighting and warm-up of the rubidium lamp, and servo acquisition and lock. In the final configuration lock was achieved in 7 seconds at +5/spl deg/C. The modifications made were for engineering evaluation. Additional development is needed before a practical ultrafast warm-up rubidium reference can be produced.


A light-inducing approach has been demonstrated for the preparation of porous TiO(2) with a large number of stored electrons, which can provide an electron source for subsequent use in redox reactions and provide a spin source to achieve a new room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor.


AbstractSepiolite was selected and studied for the adsorption of octenylsuccinate in the waste solution resulting from the production of octenylsuccinic starch. Scanning electron microscopy showed that sepiolite had a high surface area, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the formation of bonds between sepiolite and octenylsuccinate. The effects of reaction temperature, initial octenylsuccinate concentration, pH, adsorption time, and sepiolite dosage on adsorption efficiency (%AE) were examined by single-factor experiments. Significant parameters were further optimized by Box–Behnken response surface methodology. The theoretical optimum value of 100% was obtained when the initial octenylsuccinate concentration, pH, adsorption time, and sepiolite dosage of 20 mL solution were 0.048 mol/L, 3.12, 5.40 h, and 771.32 mg, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the real %AE was 99.07%.


With the aim to find new sources of resistance to rice hoja blanca (white leaf) disease, transmitted by the insect Tagosodes orizicolus, 660 genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Seven resistant genotypes were identified, and genomic studies were performed to demonstrate that the resistance in these sources is genetically different from that of Fedearroz 2000, which is currently the variety with the most resistance to hoja blanca. These new resistance sources constitute a resource that can be used to sustainably extend hoja blanca disease management throughout all of the rice-growing regions of tropical America. This is the first report of hoja blanca resistance in indica rice and different from that of Fedearroz 2000.


The quality of ultrasound images of welds is highly penalized by the dendritic structure of the material that forms during cooling. The image of a flaw is all the more degraded as a reliable description of such a medium is most of the time not possible, due to the poor knowledge on the weld at time of inspection. In a previous work, we demonstrated the efficiency of an optimization procedure to correct a degraded Total Focusing Method (TFM) image of a point-like reflector inside a homogeneous weld, with uniaxial grain orientation. In the present contribution, this procedure is extended to more realistic welds with a varying grain orientation, and it is evaluated with a 64-element array emitting at 5 MHz on stainless steel weld samples featuring side-drilled holes of 1 mm diameter. A first proof of concept with simulated echoes, and then two experiments show that defects that were hardly visible on TFM images before the optimization are now well reconstructed and with positioning errors inferior to 1 mm.


FKBP52 is a high-molecular-weight immunophilin belonging to the FKBP (FK506-binding protein) family. FKBP52 is one of several chaperone proteins associated with untransformed steroid receptors in steroid receptor-hsp90 heterocomplexes. Here, the C-terminal domain (amino acids 145-459) has been cloned, overexpressed and purified. Crystals were obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique with ammonium sulfate as precipitant in 0.1 M Tris pH 8.0 solution. Diffraction data to 2.7 A were collected from a selenomethionine-containing crystal belonging to space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 114.4, b = 143.1, c = 171.2 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees. There are three molecules per asymmetric unit.


Background We aimed to determine the current survival rate and short-term outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs) in Korea, as well as whether the survival rate and short-term outcomes have improved over time since 2013, which was when the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) was launched. Methods This study used data from the annual reports of the KNN from 2013 to 2020. A total of 16,351 VLBWIs born at gestational age (GA) ≥ 22 weeks between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, and who were registered in the KNN were enrolled. Serial outcomes were analyzed according to era (2013–14, 2015–16, 2017–18, and 2019–20). Results More mothers delivered by cesarean section, had diabetes or hypertension during their pregnancy, and received antenatal steroids when analyzed by era. Fewer infants were intubated at birth and had air leaks when analyzed by era. The overall survival rate of VLBWIs between 2013 and 2020 was 87%. The rate of respiratory distress syndrome was 77% and that of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 32% between 2013 and 2020. The rates of intraventricular hemorrhage (grade ≥ 3), periventricular leukomalacia, and sepsis decreased over time. The survival rate of infants with a GA of 26 weeks has improved serially according to era. Conclusion Since the launch of the KNN in 2013, the survival rates of infants with GA 26 weeks and short-term outcomes have improved, which implies a quality improvement in antenatal and delivery room care. Further studies on the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of these KNN registrants are warranted.


This study was examining to produce e-modules as teaching materials in interactive organic chemistry courses using macromedia flash through the development process and determine the effect of interactive organic chemistry e-modules using macromedia flash on student concept mastery. This research method is development research known as Research and Development (R & D) Borg and Gall model with the following research stages, 1) Preliminary Study, 2) Planning, 3) Initial product development, 4) Small-scale field test, 5 ) Revision of small-scale field test results, 6) Main field test, 7) Revision of main field test results, 8) Operational field test, 9) Final product revision, and 10) Product implementation. The research instrument was a questionnaire with 33 statements and a multiple choice written test with 20 questions. The instrument was used to measure the category of interactive organic chemistry e-module interpretation using macromedia flash through the development stages using a questionnaire based on language, material and media aspects and to measure students' conceptual mastery using a multiple-choice written test. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the interactive organic chemistry e-module using macromedia flash through the development stages was in the very good category with a score of 3.6. The hypothesis test of this research was obtained that the value of sig (2-tailed) was 0.000 < 0.05, this means that there is an effect of implementing an interactive organic chemistry e-module using macromedia flash as a result of development on concept mastery. The amount of increase that occurs in the mastery of students' concepts is 66.74%.


Three-dimensional nand memory devices based on charge trapping (CT) technology represent the most promising solution for hyperscaled solid-state drives (SSDs). However, the intrinsic low reliability offered by that storage medium leads to a high number of errors requiring an extensive use of complex error correction codes (ECCs) and advanced read algorithms such as read retry. This materializes in an overall reduction in the SSD's QoS. In order to limit the error number, enhanced program algorithms that are able to improve the reliability figures of CT memory devices have been introduced. In this paper, the impact of such program algorithms combined with read retry and the ECC is experimentally characterized on CT- nand arrays. The results are then exploited for cosimulations at the system level, assessing the reliability, performance, and QoS of future SSDs integrating CT-based memory devices.


Of the multitude of neurologic injuries related to roller-coaster rides, a majority of them are reported about adults. In this case, we present a patient who presented to the pediatric emergency department with new-onset seizure and hemiplegia 2 days after a roller-coaster ride. She was ultimately diagnosed with a subdural hematoma. The acceleration and G forces of roller coasters are hypothesized to cause enough stress and shearing forces that are thought to directly cause subdural hemorrhage.Advances in roller-coaster technology may surpass the passenger's physical capacity for acceleration and rotary forces, and we may see an increased number of medical complications after these rides. We recommend that emergency and pediatric health care providers consider amusement park thrill rides as a possible cause of subdural hematomas in previously healthy patients with new neurologic complaints.


Fe/BiVO4 photocatalyst was synthesized via a low-temperature solid state method by using the Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, NH4VO3 and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O as starting materials. And X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-VIS DRS) were used to characterize the as-synthesized Fe/BiVO4. The photocatalytic degradation experiment was carried out by the Methyl Orange (MO) simulated as the polluted water. Then we discussed the influence of reaction time and the mass of photocatalyst to investigate photocatalytic activity of Fe/BiVO4 sample under light. It was demonstrated that the as-synthesized Fe/BiVO4 showed a sheltie structure with monoclinic system whose diameter was about 400 nm~1500 nm. Furthermore, the ability of light absorption could be heightened by doping Fe to induce much better photocatalytic performance. In doping process Fe may be the first replacement with V in the crystal and at the second step Fe was substitute for Bi. The increase of Fe content led to narrows of the band gap, red shift, the absorption edge and raises of photocatalytic degradation ability. Keywords-low-temperature solid state; Fe/BiVO4; photocatalysis; methyl orange; doped


The work presents a comparative assessment of the effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), kiss-peptin-10 and PT-141 neuropeptides on the copulatory behaviour in male rats with natural sexual activity. A single intraperitoneal injection of DSIP (1 mg/kg) promotes the motivational and copulatory components of sexual male rat behaviour in courtship of a receptive female. The neuropeptide application significantly boosts sexual activity in males, rises the copulation rate, mean number of ejaculations towards sexual exhaustion and reduces rest periods in animals. Kisspeptin-10 (1 mg/kg) promotes high arousal in the middle (increased copulation rate in copulatory series 6) and end of the courtship cycle (increased ratio of sexually active males in copulatory series 8-9). PT-141 (0.13 mg/kg) facilitates sexual activity in male rats only in the onset and middle of the courtship cycle. The transience of DSIP and PT-141 stimulating effect warrants adjustments in the neuropeptide dosage and application regimens.


To address the significant challenges associated with large volume change of micrometer-sized Si particles as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, we demonstrated a simple but effective strategy: using Si nanoparticles as a structural and conductive additive, with micrometer-sized Si as the main lithium-ion storage material. The Si nanoparticles connected into the network structure in situ during the charge process, to provide electronic connectivity and structure stability for the electrode. The resulting electrode showed a high specific capacity of 2500 mAh/g after 30 cycles with high initial Coulombic efficiency (73%) and good rate performance during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation: between 0.01 and 1 V vs Li/Li(+).


TANK Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) is a non-canonical IkB kinase that contributes to KRAS-driven lung cancer. It is activated by phosphorylation of Serine-172 by TLR and RIG1 signaling, and this circuit triggers phosphorylation of IRF3 and IRF7, activation of NFκB and the expression of proinflammatory genes and interferons. In addition to its role role in regulating innate immunity, TBK1 also promotes oncogenesis by phosphorylating Akt and enhancing cell survival and by promoting autophagy and mitophagy. TBK1 is also induced under hypoxic conditions and expressed at significant levels in many solid tumors. TBK1 also contributes to prostate cancer dormancy and drug resistance by inhibiting mTOR and to tamoxifen resistance of breast cancer cells by enhancing transcriptional activity of ERα. Recent studies from our lab revealed a novel role for TBK1 in regulating mitosis. It was found that levels of phospho-TBK1 increases and localizes to centrosomes and the mitotic spindles during mitosis. Depletion of TBK1 was shown to trigger defects in spindle apparatus and prevents mitotic progression (Pillai et al., Nature Communications, 2015). TBK1 physically interacts and phosphorylates centrosomal protein CEP170 and mitotic apparatus protein NuMA. At the same time, it is not clear whether TBK1 regulates mitosis my modulating the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). Our results show that TBK1 colocalizes with Cdc20 on the centrosomes. Additionally, TBK1-inhibited cells showed an increase in the colocalization of BUBR1 and Cdc20, with enhanced recruitment of BUBR1 to kinetochores. To further study how TBK1 affects SAC, lung and breast cancer cells were depleted of TBK1 by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing. Cells depleted of TBK1 showed very few cells in the mitotic stage; those that entered mitosis had residual levels of TBK1 and showed multipolarity and unusually stable and bundled microtubules. TBK1 knockout cells not only showed aberrant mitotic structures and had elevated levels of SAC components including BUBR1 and Cdc20. Surprisingly, level of mitotic Cyclin B1 remained unchanged in spite of elevated levels of Cdc20 indicating a possible inactivation of Anaphase Promoting complex (APC/C). Also, percentage of Cyclin B1 positive cells was significantly high in mitotic cells enriched using double thymidine block in the presence of TBK1 inhibitor BX795 (R9+BX) and MRT67307 (R9+MRT) as compared to untreated mitotic cells (R9). Further, double thymidine blocked released cells displayed elevated levels of SAC components upon treatment with TBK1 inhibitors. All these findings suggest that TBK1 facilitates mitotic progression through satisfying SAC. Citation Format: Neha Jaiswal, Smitha Pillai, Namrata BoraSinghal, Srikumar Chellappan. TBK1 regulates mitotic progression by modulating spindle assembly checkpoint in cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3460. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3460


Significant progress has been made recently in the fabrication of polymeric nanofibers, their characterization and applications, new polymeric materials, theoretical analysis, and so forth. Hence, in this brief review, we report the progress made in these subjects during the last 5 years. Most of the work concerns nanofibers related to the field of medicine. On the other hand, negligibly few reports have been found on nanofibers related to membrane separation processes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


This study aims to determine the implementation of National Curriculum 2013 and the International Baccalaureate curriculum and to compare student learning outcomes, especially in the field of Indonesian language studies at Sampoerna Academy Medan. The results shows that there are differences in learning outcomes in the field of Indonesian language studies using National Curriculum 2013 and the International Baccalaureate. The difference in the level of ability of students in the field of Indonesian language studies is indicated by the average learning outcomes of Indonesian language studies with National Curriculum 2013 which is lower than the International Baccalaureate curriculum. The findings of this study indicate that the use of both National Curriculum 2013and the International Baccalaureate has an impact on student learning outcomes at Sampoerna Academy Medan. This difference is due to differences in assessment standards, learning activities, communication both oral and written as well as the values of cultural and character development of each curriculum applied in schools.


In this work, catalysts based on cobalt supported on ZrO2 and CeO2 and CoCeMnOx were studied for the CO preferential oxidation (COPrOx) in hydrogenrich stream able to feed fuel cells. Among them, the CoCeMnOx formulation showed the highest CO conversion at low temperatures, while the cobalt oxide supported on ceria presented the best selectivity toward CO2. The Co3O4 spinel was the active phase for the CO preferential oxidation detected in all catalysts. However, the CoOx-CeO2 and CoCeMnOx catalysts resulted more active than cobalt oxide supported on zirconia. The presence of ceria close to cobalt species promotes the redox properties and enhances the catalytic activity. In the CoCeMnOx catalyst prepared by coprecipitation, the incorporation of Mn represented an additional positive effect. The presence of Mn promoted the reoxidation of Co2+ to Co3+ and, consequently, the activity increased at low temperature. By X-ray diffraction (XRD) of CoOx-ZrO2 and the CoOx-CeO2 catalysts, the Co3O4 spinel and ZrO2 or CeO2 were identified in agreement with laser-Raman spectra. At the same time, the CoCeMnOx catalyst, prepared by coprecipitation of precursor salts, showed an incipient development of a new phase (Mn,Co)3O4 mixed spinel, due to the intimate contact between elements.


Abstract Background: Limited DNA resources or limited DNA targets in predominant backgrounds for genetic tests can lead to misdiagnosis. We developed a strategy to selectively increase the amount of minor targets through a specific pre-amplification procedure. Methods: We used the model of circulating cell free (ccf) male fetal DNA as a minor target in the predominant maternal plasma DNA to evaluate the strategy. The sex determining region (SRY) locus on the Y chromosome was used to identify ccf fetal DNA, and the human glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was used to identify ccf total DNA in maternal plasma. We selectively pre-amplified the minor target SRY locus using the Expand Long Template PCR system and assessed the efficiency of the pre-amplification by real-time PCR, for both SRY and GAPDH, to compare the quantities of pre-amplified fetal DNA with those of maternal total DNA without pre-amplification. Results: The selected pre-amplification increased the amount of ccf fetal DNA dramatically (Wilcoxon test: p=0.000, the fold change=11,596). After selected pre-amplification, a proportion of 2.19% of the ccf fetal minor part in the predominant maternal component was changed up to 25,334%. The increased amounts of ccf fetal DNA found with the pre-amplification are not correlated to the amounts found without the procedure (r=−0.017, p=0.949). Conclusions: This strategy may be useful in genetic analysis with limited DNA resources and limited DNA targets in predominant background molecules. However, this approach is not suitable for quantitative assessments, due to the fact that quantitative imbalanced amplification was observed as a result of the pre-amplification procedure. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:288–93.


Interfacial water structure at charged surfaces plays a key role in many physical, chemical, biological, environmental, and industrial processes. Understanding the release of interfacial water from the charged solid surfaces during dehydration process may provide insights into the mechanism of protein folding and the nature of weak molecular interactions. In this work, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS), supplemented by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, has been applied to study the interfacial water structure at polyelectrolyte covered surfaces. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) chains are grafted on solid surfaces to investigate the change of interfacial water structure with varying surface charge density induced by tuning the solution pH. At pH ≤ 7.1, SFG-VS intensity is linear to the loss of mass of interfacial water caused by the dehydration of PDMAEMA chains, and no reorientation of the strongly bonded water molecules is observed in the light of χ(ppp)/χ(ssp) ratio. χ((3)) contribution to SFG signal is deduced based on the combination of SFG and QCM results. It is the first direct experimental evidence to reveal that the χ((3)) has a negligible contribution to SFG signal of the interfacial water at a charged polymer surface.


The northeast part of China(hereafter Manchuria) is one of Asian dust source regions along with Gobi, Inner Mongolia and Loess Plateau. In this study, a geographical survey over the area was carried out to determine its soil characteristics in June 2009. It revealed that some parts of the area, especially near Keerchin desert, consist of alkali clay soil mixed up with sand. Manchuria, where is a vast cornfield, can be a potential source region of Asian dust from fall to following spring after harvesting. The frequency of Asian dust over the region from 1996 to 2009 was examined using 3-hourly GTS SYNOP data and it showed that the occurrence of Asian dust over the region is high in the springtime. It was also revealed that snow cover is the key parameter affecting on the frequency through the analysis of NCEP reanalysis data. To scrutinize the path and structure of Asian dust from Manchuria, the event on 3~4 April 2008 and 25 January 2010 were intensively investigated with regard to features of synoptic weather patterns, satellite imagery, airstream, naked eye-observations, concentrations of PM10, 2.5 and 1.0. For this case, the Asian dust from the area reached to Korea less than a day. However, the duration time of the dust in Korea was short (< 7 hours). The average of hourly PM10 reached up to 340 µg/m 3 at Baengnyeondo during the period. The high PM2.5 and PM1.0 concentrations were also observed at several sites in Korea, indicating that air pollutants could be transported along with the dust.


Implication Statement The Education Innovation Institute (EII) of Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, hosted a conference on Twitter about Professional Identity Formation (PIF), #MCGConf2021PIF, on February 25, 2021. The conference featured five presentations by 15 authors from Canada and the U.S. A Twitter conference is a versatile, affordable, and accessible digital option for medical education groups interested in diversifying conference offerings and reaching a broader audience. It was low-cost, organized in six months, and garnered over 9,000 Twitter impressions. Small networks and interest groups can organize Twitter conferences for their constituencies and larger conference organizations can host online mini-conferences to supplement in-person events.


A novel unsymmetrical covalent organic polymer, COP (1), was designed and characterized using several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. COP (1) was synthesized via the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine with p-amino phenol. Subsequently, COP (1) was immobilized with Pd(0) on its exterior and utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst (Pd@1). Pd@1 exhibited excellent catalytic activity and reusability for the Sonogashira C–C cross coupling reaction, and a few new products were synthesized. The confinement of Pd was well supported by the suitable functionalities present on the surface of COP (1). Furthermore, Pd@1 was used for eight consecutive catalytic runs without any considerable loss in its activity and no leaching of the metal NPs was observed.


In the present study, we developed a chemical method to produce dihydro nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMNH), which is the reduced-form of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). We demonstrated that NMNH was a better NAD+ enhancer compared to NMN both in vitro and in vivo mediated by NMNAT. Additionally, NMNH increased the reduced NAD (NADH) levels in cells and in mouse liver. Metabolomic analysis revealed that NMNH inhibited glycolysis and TCA cycle. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NMNH induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell growth. Nevertheless, NMNH treatment did not cause observable difference in mice. Taken together, our work demonstrates that NMNH is a potent NAD+ enhancer, and suppresses glycolysis, TCA cycle and cell growth.


Sleep stage identification is the first step in modern sleep disorder diagnostics process. K-complex is an indicator for the sleep stage 2. However, due to the ambiguity of the translation of the medical standards into a computer-based procedure, reliability of automated K-complex detection from the EEG wave is still far from expectation. More specifically, there are some significant barriers to the research of automatic K-complex detection. First, there is no adequate description of K-complex that makes it difficult to develop automatic detection algorithm. Second, human experts only provided the label for whether a whole EEG segment contains K-complex or not, rather than individual labels for each subsegment. These barriers render most pattern recognition algorithms inapplicable in detecting K-complex. In this paper, we attempt to address these two challenges, by designing a new feature extraction method that can transform visual features of the EEG wave with any length into mathematical representation and proposing a hybrid-synergic machine learning method to build a K-complex classifier. The tenfold cross-validation results indicate that both the accuracy and the precision of this proposed model are at least as good as a human expert in K-complex detection.


Cordero, M, R. T. Robbins, and A. L. Szalanski. 2013. Molecular based-phylogenetic relationships in the superfamily Criconematoidea using ITS1-rDNA. Nematropica 43:145-151. Populations of nematodes of the superfamily Criconematoidea were obtained and identified morphologically from different geographical areas in the continental United States. This previous information was used to analyze their phylogenetic relationship based on the first internal transcribed spacer ribosomal region. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS1-rDNA region showed monophyletic and paraphyletic groups in Criconematidae: A) species of Mesocriconema and Criconemoides; and B) Bakernema, Criconema Hemicriconemoides and Xenocriconemella species. Subfamily Hemicycliophorinae, (Caloosia, Hemicaloosia and Hemicycliophora) and family Tylenchulidae (Paratylenchus and Gracilacus) were not resolved because of the high variation of the marker Molecular phylogenetic analysis using the ITS1-rDNA marker rejects the hypothesis of a common ancestor for criconematids with double sheath or cuticle among others characters. This molecular phylogenetic study showed that ITS1-rDNA sequences are too variable to study phylogenetics of Criconematoidea. However, ITS1-rDNA is useful to identify and to characterize species within families.


In the era of technological disruption and automation, job creation for the aspiring youth is a challenge for all countries across the globe. Yet technology is offering immense opportunities for the new startups and venture creation for those who have intentions. This research is an attempt to adopt the theoretical constructs to investigate whether or not Indian aspirational youth of management education is being motivated to entrepreneurial intention. We have used six constructs on students' perceptions on (business environment, business knowledge, social norms, self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions and future choice of career) for two period of analysis to evaluate the effect of one year management education. Data are collected through survey method at entry point of students for two year PGDM course and after one year. We used paired t-test to find mean difference with reference to entrepreneurial intentions due to one year of management education. Moreover, we employed higher order structural equation modelling to test study hypotheses. In conclusion, we point out inadequacies of present entrepreneurial intention models and propose a direction of future research for improving efficacy of entrepreneurial intention model and its influence on pedagogy development of higher education.


An edge-magic total labeling of a graph G is a one-toone map λ from V (G) ∪ E(G) onto the integers {1, 2, · · · , |V (G) ∪ E(G)|} with the property that, there is an integer constant c such that λ(x) + λ(x, y) + λ(y) = c for any (x, y) ∈ E(G). If λ(V (G)) = {1, 2, · · · , |V (G|} then edge-magic total labeling is called super edgemagic total labeling. In this paper, we formulate super edge-magic total labeling on subdivision of stars K1,p, for p ≥ 5.


Research subject. The high-sulfidation (HS-type) epithermal gold deposits of the Maletoyvayam ore field, which is located in the volcanic belts of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of geophysical and petrophysical studies carried out by "NPP VIRG-Rudgeofizika" (2016–2017 years) in the central part of the Maletoyvayam ore field hosting HS-type gold deposits. Results. The presented case study shows the potential of geophysical prospecting for HS-type epithermal gold deposits located within altered rock areas. On the basis of the conducted magnetic surveys, fragments of a ring structure broken by faults and the hydrothermally altered bodies within the Neogene volcanogenic-sedimentary sequence of the andesite composition were identified. Using the 3D inversion of magnetic data, the shape, size and structure of the hydrothermally altered bodies were estimated. The electrical survey data allowed the hydrothermally altered areas to be differentiated in terms of composition. As a result, zoning of hydrothermally altered areas was conducted, and ore-bearing sites and gold-bearing bodies of monoquartzites in the plan and cross-section were determined. Conclusions. Geophysical techniques for prospecting HS-type epithermal gold deposits are effective in distinguishing important gold-related features within the altered zone thereby facilitating identification of specific drill targets.


Public restrooms are among the few remaining sex-segregated spaces in the American landscape, tangible relics of gender discrimination. This article describes how public restrooms have historically discriminated by class, race, physical ability, sexual orientation, as well as gender. It examines how public restrooms pose special health and safety problems for women, men, children, elderly, persons with disabilities, and caregivers. It chronicles potty parity legislation, examining impacts of and backlash from recent laws. It presents new developments signaling a growing international movement and a quiet restroom revolution: the newly formed World Toilet Organization, American Restroom Association, increased family and unisex restrooms, and technological inventions such as automatic self-cleaning public toilets. It proposes innovative solutions about how twenty-first-century public restrooms can make cities more livable; offers roles for planners, designers, and civic officials, and suggests new research directions. Sources include an extensive literature review of relevant legal research, scholarly publications, and media coverage.


The nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with two of its relatives [T. macha L. and Triticum dicoccoides (Koern. ex Asch. & Graebner) Aarons.] were studied to determine the effect of the foreign cytoplasm on agronomic traits. Two high-yielding, semidwarf spring cultivars were crossed reciprocally with one cytoplasm source each of T. macha and T. dicoccoides to produce four populations with both alloplasmic random lines and euplasmic random lines. Previous reports on these cytoplasm sources were based on the performance of backcross lines in which the recurrent parents were low-yielding, normal height cultivars released in the 1950s and 1960s. Between 30 and 60 random F4-derived F6 lines from all populations were grown in five environments in Minnesota from 1986 through 1988. Grain yield, days to head emergence, and plant height were measured in each environment. No significant differences were detected between alloplasmic lines and euplasmic lines for the measured traits in any population. This was in contrast to an earlier report that T. macha cytoplasm increased grain yield in the backcross lines of an old normal height cultivar. Diversity for cytoplasm apparently caused little or no change in normal agronomic performance when using these sources of alien cytoplasm.


An important means of regulating T-cell function occurs via physical deletion (cytolysis) of unnecessary/unwanted T cells. Among cytolytic pathways, CD95 (Fas)-based killing plays a prominent role. Although activation of T cells results in rapid upregulation of surface CD95 expression, sensitivity to CD95-based killing lags behind. To assess determinants of resistance to CD95-based killing, we used Jurkat cells as a model. Analysis of the 10% survivors of a LD(90) dose of CD95 ligand (CD95L) at 24 h demonstrated them to arise preferentially from the S + G2/M phases of the cell cycle and to remain clustered in S + G2/M without undergoing cell division. Protein immunoblot, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that hsp72 was markedly upregulated in CD95L survivors within hours of CD95L challenge, indicative of a heat-shock response. Indeed, exposure of Jurkat cells to bona fide heat shock did markedly upregulate hsp72 and, upon subsequent CD95L challenge, did greatly enhance cell survival with persistent clustering to S + G2/M. These findings collectively suggest that in response to a CD95L insult, development of a heat-shock response above some critical threshold level can protect against lethality. This raises the possibility that exaggerated and/or protracted heat-shock responses under in vivo conditions may favor the survival of T cells (including autoaggressive T cells) that otherwise would be destined to die via a CD95-based pathway.


In this article, we describe the preparation and use of chiral surfaces derived from enantiomerically pure crystals of amino acids. For this purpose, we chose to employ a self-assembly process to grow nanoscale chiral films of (+)-L or (-)-D cysteine, onto gold surfaces. We utilized those chiral films as resolving auxiliaries in the crystallization of enantiomers from solutions. To demonstrate the chiral discriminating ability of the chiral surfaces in crystallization processes, we investigated the crystallization of rac-glutamic acid onto the chiral films. Our study demonstrates the potential application of chiral films to control chirality throughout crystallization, where one enantiomer crystallizes on the chiral surfaces with relatively high enantiomeric excess. In addition, crystallization of pure glutamic acid enantiomers, and its racemic compound on to chiral films resulted in crystal morphology modification with preferred crystal orientation, which assists in the interpretation of the ability of our chiral surfaces to function as chiral selectors.


Objectives This study is a meta-analysis of prior publications evaluating the impact of time-to-chemotherapy (TTC) on disease recurrence and survival 3 years after the original surgery. Methods We performed a meta-analysis of studies published in PubMed (1950–2016) as of April 2016. Inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized controlled trials and prospective or retrospective cohorts that included patients with ovarian cancer who had undergone surgery with curative intent and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. We compared rates of disease recurrence and death according to the TTC ("early" vs "delayed") using a random-effects model and performed a metaregression to evaluate the impact of covariates on these outcomes. Results Of 239 abstracts in the original search, 12 were considered eligible. The cutoffs used for TTC were between 20 and 40 days. All studies used a platinum-based chemotherapy, and the rates of patients with suboptimal resection varied from 33% to 70%. A longer TTC was not associated with higher rates of disease recurrence (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.24) or death at 3 years (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–1.24). There was no evidence of significant publication bias (Egger test P = 0.472), but data were heterogeneous (I2 = 64.3%). Metaregression showed that the percentage of patients with suboptimal surgery and values used as cutoff to define "delayed" chemotherapy combined were a significant source of bias (residual I2 = 0%). Conclusions In our analysis, TTC after surgery for ovarian cancer with curative intent was not associated with higher risk of disease recurrence or death. However, this association was influenced by the rate of optimal debulking and definition of "late" initiation of chemotherapy, so we must be careful when applying these data to patients with complete resection.


OBJECT
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a widely accepted treatment for anterior degenerative or traumatic instability of the cervical spine. To reduce or eliminate complications such as implant migration and failure, imaging degradation, and fusion stress shielding that are occasionally associated with spinal instrumentation, attention has been given to the use of bioresorbable anterior cervical plate (ACP) devices. This paper is a preliminary report of a retrospective series in which a resorbable mesh and screw system was used for graft containment in single-level ACDF.

METHODS
A review of patient charts and imaging studies was conducted to determine functional outcome, fusion success, and potential soft-tissue reaction to implant resorption. Nine patients with a cervical degenerative disc disease or traumatic disc disruption were treated between October 2001 and March 2002. Follow up averaged 206 days. Eight patients were found to have an excellent result, one patient had a good result, and no patients had a satisfactory or poor result. At the time of follow-up examination, 77% of patients were found to have a radiographically solid fusion. The two patients without a solid fusion were examined only an average 8 months postoperatively and manifested no symptoms related to fusion nonhealing. No significant soft-tissue reaction was noted clinically or radiographically in any of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this preliminary study indicate that bioresorbable ACP systems for single-level ACDF are both safe and effective.


Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder that is accompanied by neuropsychiatric manifestations such as anxiety. Despite undefined etio-pathogenesis for SLE, emerging evidence supports the importance of type I interferon (IFN) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune formation and renal damage both in SLE patients and lupus mice. Linkage mapping identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for elevated plus-maze (EPM) performance on the segment of chromosome 4 in lupus-prone New Zealand black (NZB) mice where the type I IFN-α genes are harbored. To determine possible roles of type I IFNs for anxiety-like behaviors in NZB mice, we evaluated the anxiety profile by EPM test in NZB mice with deficiency of type I-IFN receptor (IFNARKO). Consistent with previous observation, disruption of the type I-IFN signaling resulted in a dramatic attenuation in glomerulonephritis, splenomegaly and plasma anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in NZB mice. However, blockade of type I-IFN signaling had no effect on performance in the EPM by NZB/IFNARKO mice in comparison to wild type controls. The results support a pathogenic role for type I-IFN in autoimmune development and kidney inflammation. Nonetheless, type I-IFN signaling is not responsible for increased anxiety profile developed in these autoimmune mice.


This study develops quantitative indicators of monitoring stages that can measure the effects of urban regeneration projects, suggests ways to apply them to priority regions, and suggests future policy directions. To this end, we developed the urban regeneration monitoring indicator and applied it to 13 priority regions. The conclusion of this study are as follows. First, based on domestic·overseas case studies and selection criteria, we developed social, economic and physical indicators. Second, it is applied to 13 priority regions for the resident population of the social aspect, the card sales of the economic aspect, and the number of building permission of the physical aspect. Third, the resident population, card sales, number of building permission were used to derive regional trends and characteristics of the indicators according to time series. The limitation of this study is that only the change of the monitoring indicators were analyzed and it did not reflect actual project progress status. Therefore, it is possible to obtain meaningful results by comparing the budget input amount according to the progress of the urban regeneration project


Many application domains, spanning from computational photography to medical imaging, require recovery of high-fidelity images from noisy, incomplete or partial/compressed measurements. State-of-the-art methods for solving these inverse problems combine deep learning with iterative model-based solvers, a concept known as deep algorithm unfolding or unrolling. By combining a-priori knowledge of the forward measurement model with learned proximal image-to-image mappings based on deep networks, these methods yield solutions that are both physically feasible (data-consistent) and perceptually plausible (consistent with prior belief). However, current proximal mappings based on (predominantly convolutional) neural networks only implicitly learn such image priors. In this paper, we propose to make these image priors fully explicit by embedding deep generative models in the form of normalizing flows within the unfolded proximal gradient algorithm, and training the entire algorithm end-to-end for a given task. We demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms competitive baselines on various image recovery tasks, spanning from image denoising to inpainting and deblurring, effectively adapting the prior to the restoration task at hand.


In recent years, green design has experienced rapid development, but also exposed a series of problems such as high cost, lack of humanization, low recycling rate and so on. For these drawbacks, designers have an unavoidable responsibility. This paper analyzes the existing problems in green design. From the change of design thinking, the eco-friendly design method is explored. In this paper, the design from material selection to production, and then to the recovery of the whole process of overall consideration, follow the principle of reduction, reuse, recycling. The content of visual communication design can be roughly classified. According to their own characteristics, the best design scheme is selected. Through the application of different media, replace the high pollution, high consumption of paper printing. It is proposed that the large-scale promotion of environmental protection materials can be realized by simplifying the quantity and types of materials. At the same time, this paper expounds the implementation method of green design education in art design education in Colleges and universities. This paper fully analyzes the purpose and value of green design education from the curriculum and content, teaching methods, the specific implementation of teaching effect evaluation and evaluation. The results show that promoting sustainable development of green education can cultivate students' creativity, innovation and creative ability. A perfect green design education system and a correct concept of ecological civilization can be established.


Includes calendars:
Amnesty International calendar 1984 (with cartoons by Tom Scott, Malcolm Walker, Murray Ball, Jock Lee, Eric Heath, Bob Brockie, Trace Hodgson). (2 copies)
Antarctica calendar 1984 (Antarctic Calendars by Karen Williams & Harry Keys, Wellington)
Antique map calendar 1984; calendrier de cartes anciennes (Ontario, Canada)
Brooker & Friend 1984 calendar.
Crosier Mission calendar 1984.
Discover New Zealand calendar 1984 (Lansdowne Press, Rigby International Ltd)
Eion Scarrow's gardening calender 1984.
Footrot Flats calendar 1984, by Murray Ball. (2 copies)
Friends of the Earth. Unspoilt Earth calendar 1984 (2 copies)
Gore District Historical Society 1984 calendar
Alison Holst's cooks almanac 1984
New Zealand alpine calendar 1984 (NZ Alpine Calendars, Wellington, produced by Dave Bamford and John Nankervis)
New Zealand houses & gardens calendar 1984. Tanner Couch.
New Zealand sailing ships calendar 1984 (Tanner Couch Ltd) (2 copies)
New Zealand Underwater calendar 1984. Copyright Roger V Grace 1984.
New Zealand's national and maritime parks calendar 1984 (Department of Lands and Survey).
1984 astrological moon calendar, by Gretchen Lawlor. astrological moon calendar, by Gretchen Lawlor.
Railway Enthusiasts' Society Inc. Railway pictorial calendar 1984
Salvation Army, New Zealand and Fiji Territory. Calendar (Supplement to the "War Cry")
Ski Yer Heart Out. Snow dreams of winter '84 [Calendar]
Quantity: 19 colour photo-mechanical print(s) sets on calendars (plus some duplicates).
Physical Description: Offset lithographs, varying sizes.
Provenance: Two calendars donated by Dr Margaret Bailey, Wellington, in 2006. One purchased from Anah Dunsheath, Auckland, in 2006.
Transfers: Donation taken in by NZ Published and transfers made to ephemera..


OBJECTIVES
To reclassify canine small intestinal and cecal leiomyoma (LM) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS) into smooth muscle and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) using histologic and immunohistochemical (IH) analysis and to report clinical findings and survival data.

STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective review of cases.

ANIMALS
Dogs (n=47) with small intestinal (40 LMS; 7 LM) and 25 dogs with cecal tumors (23 LMS; 2 LM).

METHODS
Clinical and survival data were reviewed. Tissue sections were reevaluated for light-microscopic malignancy criteria and examined for expression of SMA, desmin, vimentin, S-100, and CD117 (KIT) by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
Reclassification resulted in 2 LM, 9 LMS, 19 GIST, and 17 GIST-like tumors in the small intestine and 23 GIST and 2 GIST-like tumors in the cecum. GIST-like tumors were morphologic and IH identical to GIST but lacked KIT expression. No significant difference in survival was observed for tumor type, location, histologic, or IH characteristics; however, dogs with cecal tumors were significantly older in age, presented more commonly with intestinal perforation and peritonitis, and less commonly with weight loss. Cecal tumors had more histologic malignancy criteria than small intestinal tumors. After excision, 1 and 2 year recurrence-free periods were 80.1% and 67.2% for small intestinal and 83.3% and 61.9% for cecal tumors.

CONCLUSION
Prognosis for intestinal tumors with histologic smooth muscle appearance is good after excision and not related to tumor type, location, histologic, or IH characteristics.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Clinical importance could not be demonstrated for reclassification, but may be for future treatment, of intestinal smooth muscle or stromal tumors.


Abstract A new method, the sticky-plate method (SPM), proposed by the authors, was used in surveying population dynamics of the winter grain mite (WGM), Penthaleus major (Duges). This paper deals with the effects of SPM with reference to the conventional plant by plant count-mite method (CMM). Results showed that the variation in data and population trends obtained by using SPM were consistent with those from CMM. Reliability analysis displayed no significant differences between the results from the two methods on the bases of statistical principles. Therefore it was proved that SPM was suitable for the investigation of population dynamics of WGM. A model for converting results from SPM into ones from CMM, or vice versa, was built.


Background and Purpose Studies examining the role of tetrodotoxin-sensitive ion channels in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal damage have concluded that sodium influx is an important initiating event. We examined the neuroprotectant effect of tetrodotoxin on both cultured cerebellar neurons and on CA1 hippocampal neurons of gerbils exposed to brain ischemia. Methods We studied neuroprotective mechanisms using cultured rat cerebellar granule cells exposed to veratridine, which induced cytotoxicity, neurotransmitter release, and calcium influx. Survival of gerbil CA1 neurons was examined by direct neuron counts 7 days after 6 minutes of global ischemia with reperfusion. Results Tetrodotoxin protected cultured neurons in a dosedependent manner from veratridine-induced toxicity (protective concentration [PC50]=22 nmol/L). Veratridine induced [3H]aspartate efflux that was sodium dependent, only 25% calcium dependent, and was inhibited by tetrodotoxin (inhibitory concentration [IC50]=60 nmol/L). Veratridine initiated increases in intracellular calcium that were also reversed by tetrodotoxin (IC50=63 nmol/L); reversal was dependent on the sodium-calcium exchanger and the sodium-potassium pump. Neuroprotection of 90% (n=10; P=.001 versus vehicle) of gerbil CA1 hippocampal neurons was achieved by pretreatment with 2 ng of tetrodotoxin delivered three times intracerebroventricularly, without causing hypothermia. Conclusions Sodium channel blockers like tetrodotoxin may have utility in treatment of ischemic neuronal injury by preventing excessive neuronal depolarizations, limiting excitotoxic glutamate release through reversal of the sodium-dependent glutamate transporter, preventing intracellular calcium overload, preserving cellular energy stores, and allowing recovery of ionic homeostasis through operation of the sodiumcalcium exchanger.