Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important protein source for both humans and animals. Its relatively low cost combined with its excellent nutritive value has enabled soybeans to attain elite stature as the world's dominant protein feed ingredient. However, soybean protein is relatively poor in sulfur-containing essential amino acids (SCEAA), especially methionine (Met). The SCEAA Met is central to protein synthesis, and it is encoded by the first codon that initiates protein synthesis and, hence, is essential in all living organisms including plants. It is the most limiting amino acid and roughly US$100 million are spent annually by poultry and swine producers to supplement animal feed with Met. The leaching of Met supplements leads to the formation of undesirable volatile sulfides due to bacterial degradation, which can have negative effects on the environment. Hence, a goal of soybean research has been to improve the quality of soy protein by increasing the levels of Met to create a more complete, high-quality food and feed items. However, although a variety of attempts have been made, these efforts have largely failed, with little or no increase in soybean seed Met levels, suggesting a need for new strategies. Low abundance of Met codons in seed storage proteins (SSP) genes and Met catabolism (or degradation) are major factors that limit the production of total Met in seeds. In this dissertation, a 'push' and 'pull' strategy was used. Push refers to efforts to increase the pool levels of free Met (FM) to be incorporated into soybean SSP by blocking Met catabolism. Pull refers to efforts to increase the levels of SSP rich in Met codons by knocking out the soybean [eszett] -conglycinin genes (Gm7s), which encodes SSP that are relatively Met-poor (7S). Through protein rebalancing, the lack of 7S proteins can be compensated by increased production of the relatively Met-rich 11S proteins. These efforts made broad use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools to knock-out the genes for Methionine [gamma]-lyase (MGL), a Met catabolic enzyme, and 7S SSPs. Consistent with newly emerging literature, a positive connection between high Met content and the synthesis of other amino acids was observed in the generated mutant genotypes. The initial milestone of increasing overall amino acid content in soybean was achieved as gene edited mutant lines showed higher 11s and higher Met levels. The exact relationship between free amino acids (FAA) and protein bound amino acids (PBAA), particularly for soybean, is an open question. Moreover, prediction of total free amino acid (TFAA) and total protein bound amino acids (TPBAA) from individual AA metabolic data is critical for planning AA biofortification, especially in designing CRISPR/Cas9 edits where multiple genes or pathways can be targeted. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are particularly useful for studying complex biological systems, as they can efficiently capture non-linear relationships and complex interactions among the driving variables. ML predictive models for TFAA and TPBAA were developed. TFAA model shows R2 of 0.86 with FAA such as arginine, asparagine, and isoleucine showing top importance in TFAA predictions. TPBAA model shows R2 of 0.95 with PBAA such as Asx (i.e., output of glutamine and asparagine after hydrolysis), leucine and alanine show top importance in TPBAA predictions. Mathematical equations were generated to explain the relationship of TPBAA with TFAA (TPBAA = B0 + B1TFAA) and protein bound Met (PBM) with FM (PBM = B0 + B1FM) where B1 are coefficients (slopes) and B0 are intercepts. Also, ML classification model to differentiate mutant from controls based on AA metabolomic data was developed with accuracy of 1 and robust classification report. Results presented here showed that the dual-gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system indeed offers a rapid and highly efficient genetic tool to knockout multiple genes simultaneously. Knock out mutations in three GmMGLs genes (GmMGL1, GmMGL2 and GmMGL3) were simultaneously created and, as predicted, the resulting soybean genotypes were 'pushed' for increased FM content. Simultaneous knock out mutations in 7S genes were also created to create protein rebalanced soybean genotypes. Furthermore, ML predictive models developed from AA metabolomic data mining which can aid in planning soybean AA composition biofortification experiments especially CRISPR/Cas9 system where multiple genes (pathways) can be targeted simultaneously.


This manuscript details the development of a palladium-catalyzed hydroamination of vinyl ethers. It is proposed that palladium catalyzes the hydroamination via Bronsted base catalysis, where palladium is protonated by the relatively acidic sulfonamide to generate a palladium hydride as well as the active anionic sulfonamide nucleophile. Thus, this process is distinct from known palladium-catalyzed hydroaminations of styrene derivatives that utilize less acidic amines.


In this paper, we study the thermodynamic geometry for the charged AdS black hole surrounded by quintessence. Three different kinds of the geometries are constructed, and the corresponding curvatures are obtained. It is found that there are different divergence behaviors of these curvatures, which is general thought to closely link to the phase transition of the black hole.


To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of geniposide, genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside and geniposidic acid in rat brains and study the brain pharmacokinetics of the three iridoid glycosides in stroke rat after the oral administration of Xingnaojing. In this experiment, brain samples were precipitated with protein for twice. Acquity BEH C18 column was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was conducted to detect negative ions. The time for sample analysis was 3.5 min. the results showed good linear relations among the three iridoid glycosides, with the extraction recovery between 99.6% and 114.3%, good intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies and stability in line with the requirements. The t1/2 and MRT in the three components were similar in brains of stroke rats. Geniposide and genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside showed double peaks; where as geniposidic acid showed a single peak. In conclusion, the method is so specific, sensitive, accurate and reliable that it can be used to study the brain pharmacokinetics of Xingnaojing oral preparation.


Bulky DNA damage is corrected by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Although the core biochemical mechanism of NER is understood, details including lesion recognition and repair in the context of chromatin remain to be elucidated. As more data become available, the complexity of lesion recognition in chromatin is becoming clear. This review will discuss current knowledge of DNA damage recognition in the context of chromatin, with a focus on the roles of chromatin remodeling and the specific lesion recognition protein DDB2 (DNA damage‐binding protein 2) in chromatin repair. Additionally, we propose a model that ubiquitination‐mediated DDB2 dissociation from chromatin, not its degradation, is important for GG‐NER progression. © IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(11): 803–811, 2010.


Background: Progressive liver fibrosis, caused by chronic viral infection and metabolic disorders, results in the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no antifibrotic therapies have been approved to date. In our previous study, adeno-associated virus (AAV) short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β administration could persistently inhibit HBV replication and concomitantly prevent liver fibrosis. However, the differentially expressed proteins and critical regulatory networks of AAVshRNA treatment remain unclear. Accordingly, in this study, our major goal was we aimed to analyze differentially expressed proteins in the liver of AAV-shRNAs-treated mice with HBV infection and liver fibrosis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics and to elucidate the underlying antifibrotic mechanisms.
Results: In total 2743 proteins were recognized by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Gene ontology analysis suggested that the differentially expressed proteins were mostly participated in peptide metabolism in the biological process category, cytosolic ribosomes in the cell component category, and structural constituents of ribosomes in the molecular function category. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway analysis indicated that oxidative stress and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway were actived after treatment. Verification studies showed that AAVshRNAs inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation and inflammation by suppressing nuclear factor-κB p65 phosphorylation and α-smooth muscle actin expression via upregulation of PPAR-γ. Hepatocytes steatosis was also decreased by activating PPAR signaling pathway and improving lipid metabolism. TGF-β level was decreased owning to increase PPAR-γ expression and directly inhibition using AAVshRNAs targeting TGF-β. TGF-β-induced oxidative stress was suppressed by increasing glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 and reducing peroxiredoxin 1.
Conclusions: Our results indicated that AAV-shRNAs were effective for modulating liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and activating PPAR signaling pathway.


Bentonite is montmorillonite type layered clay and has high cation exchange capacity (CEC) because of its typical layered silicate structure. The bentonite was treated with hydrochloric acid to obtain H-bentonite which was further modified by incorporating Fe(Ⅲ) into it. The modified Fe-bentonite was characterized by XRD and FTIR analyses. The specific surface area of the Fe-bentonite adsorbent was obtained from Methylene Blue Adsorption Method and was 598 m2/g.
The adsorption of As3+ by Fe-bentonite adsorbent in aqueous environment was investigated by varying different experimental parameters such as pH, contact time and adsorption isotherm. The adsorption process was found to be best fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm model controlled by pseudo-second –order kinetics with the rate constant value 0.03723 g/(mg.min). The maximum arsenic adsorption was observed at pH 5 at room temperature. The time taken to reach equilibrium was 75 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity for As3+ on Fe-bentonite was 101.01 mg/g. The value of ∆G (-21 kJ/mole) confirmed the adsorption process was favored by physiosorption. The slope of the linear plot of Qt vs t0.5 was linear but not passed through the origin, which indicated that, the intraparticle diffusion was not only rate controlling step.


This study develops an argument about the role of money in the process of planning for socialist transformation in the concrete case of the Mozambican experience in the period 1975-1983. The context was an economy were the peasantry through its production of cash crops as well as through its supply of labour power constituted the cornerstone of the social organization of production. Hence, the nationalisations of the major means of production created a state sector which was only part of a wider economy. This study argues that, within this context, the role of money can only be understood with respect to the dynamic, but not ex clusive, role of the state sector in propelling the wider transformation of the economy. The actual experience in Mozambique was characterised by a process of state centered accumulation which implied that planning . boiled down to mobilising resources behind the accelerated development^ of the state sector. The result was the separation as between the official and parallel economies, and the dynamics of peasant agriculture became determined by the latter. Money ac quired an active function in this process inasmuch as monetary imbalances originating in the state sector fuelled the development of speculative capital in the parallel economy, and hence enhanced the social differentiation of the peasantry. As a result, the control of the state over the economy was weakened and the process of socialisation of the countryside effectively blocked. Hence, the conclusion is that money matters in the context of socialist transition, because its role is not neutral with respect to the process of transforming production. chapter 4 : State Centered Accumulation 83 Introduction g3 The Third Congress: Defining the strategy of Socialist Transition 88 State Centered Planning 95 The Fourth Congress: Revision of Economic Policy Appendix: A Statistical Note on the Trends of Economic Development 122 Chapter 5: Economic Dependence and Economic Integration 135


The US Department of Energy, Savannah River Operations Office (DOE-SR), has prepared the Site Treatment Plan (STP) for Savannah River Site (SRS) mixed wastes in accordance with RCRA Section 3021(b), and SCDHEC has approved the STP (except for certain offsite wastes) and issued an order enforcing the STP commitments in Volume 1. DOE-SR and SCDHEC agree that this STP fulfills the requirements contained in the FFCAct, RCRA Section 3021, and therefore, pursuant to Section 105(a) of the FFCAct (RCRA Section 3021(b)(5)), DOE`s requirements are to implement the plan for the development of treatment capacities and technologies pursuant to RCRA Section 3021. Emerging and new technologies not yet considered may be identified to manage waste more safely, effectively, and at lower cost than technologies currently identified in the plan. DOE will continue to evaluate and develop technologies that offer potential advantages in public acceptance, privatization, consolidation, risk abatement, performance, and life-cycle cost. Should technologies that offer such advantages be identified, DOE may request a revision/modification of the STP in accordance with the provisions of Consent Order 95-22-HW. The Compliance Plan Volume (Volume 1) identifies project activity schedule milestones for achieving compliance with Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR). Information regarding the technical evaluation of treatment options for SRS mixed wastes is contained in the Background Volume (Volume 2) and is provided for information.


The purpose of this study is identification and characterization of hydrological process of urban runoff, as well as concentration variation of pollutants in it. Samples were collected in 4 rainfall events in Beijing from Jun. 2006 to Aug. 2006. Hydrology and pollution of the rainfall-runoff process were analyzed on roof and road. Study results show that the shapes of hydrological curves of runoff, despite for a 5 - 20 min delay and a milder tendency, are similar to rainfall curves. Runoff coefficients of roof are 0.80 - 0.98, while 0.87 - 0.97 of road. Event mean concentrations (EMC) of pollutants are influenced by build-up and wash-off features, which leads to a higher concentration in road runoff than in roof runoff. Major pollutants that excess the water quality standards are COD, TN, and TP. Evident correlations (> 0.1) are found between pollutants. Correlation with particles are higher for COD and SO4(2-) (> 0.5), while lower for nutrients (<0.5). First flush effects (FFE) are found and affected by several factors, such as pollutant variety, types of land covers, and rainfall intensity. FFE are found more intense in SS, more frequently in road runoff, and more difficult to form for COD and nutrients with low rainfall intensity. Therefore, control of first period of runoff would be an effective approach for runoff management in Beijing.


The concept of standing concentration waves is introduced to derive design equations for continuous moving bed (CMB) processes. For linear isotherm systems, simple equations are derived from the analysis to link product purity and recovery to zone lengths, bed movement velocity, flow rates, column capacity factors, and mass-transfer coefficients. Once product purity, recovery and feed flow rate are specified for a given system, the zone flow rates and bed movement velocity that provide the highest throughput and the lowest solvent consumption can be determined from the solutions. In a given system, there is a trade-off between product purity and throughput. If bed volume and product purities are fixed, the longer the zone lengths, the higher the throughput. Simulations based on a linear driving force model that considers axial dispersion and lumped film and intraparticle diffusion are used to compare the column profiles and effluent histories of CMB and simulated moving bed (SMB). A numerical algorithm is introduced to allow simulation of both CMB and SMB operations using the same program. The comparison shows that the design equations derived for CMB systems are applicable to SMB systems. Finally, the standing wave solutions are used to analyze an experimental SMB system from the literature (Ching et al., 1991). Simulations agree closely with the data and the predictions of the theoretical analysis.


CCR5 antagonists are approved for treatmentexperienced individuals, who are at risk of harboring both drug-resistant and CXCR4-utlizing (X4) HIV-1. If CXCR4 usage and drug resistance are linked, CCR5 antagonists may select for CXCR4utlizing viruses resistant to antiretrovirals. Analysis of 117 individual viruses found that 69% of CXCR4-utlizing viruses versus 48% of R5 viruses had drug resistance mutations (P U 0.025). Linkage of X4 and drug resistance may limit the effectiveness of CCR5 antagonists.


This paper examined the effectiveness of the Optimal Arbitrary Time-delay filter applied to cancel the undesired elastic modes of vibration in complex supporting structures for a precision robot which is under development. To achieve the desired positioning precision, suppressing the structure vibration is essential. For this to be done Optimal Arbitrary Time-delay (OAT) filtering method was chosen. Modeling of the system has been performed and using this model, simulations were done without and with the OAT filter. The ability of OAT filter to cancel the vibration of the structure was demonstrated in the simulation results. To verify the simulation, an experiment including an OAT filter within the robot control system has been done on the current version of the precision robot. Even though the dynamic response of the supporting structure in the precision robot system is inherently of small magnitude and high natural frequency, response due to the filtered command showed that the filter successfully reduced vibration in magnitude and got rid of the residual vibrations faster than the response with the unfiltered command.


From a behavioral ecology perspective, all forms of warfare are instances of collective aggression perpetrated predominantly by coalitions of young men. Such coalitions are manifestations of cross-cultural sex differences in aggressive behavior and may be conceptualized as a form of intrasexual competition, occasionally to obtain mates, but more often to acquire resources for the attraction and retention of mates. All societies have young males, yet wars are discrete events that can take place even after long periods of peace. Therefore, an additional factor is needed to explain the episodic nature of the phenomenon. We have proposed (Mesquida and Wiener, 1996) that the most reliable factor in explaining episodes of coalitional aggression is the relative abundance of young males. In this article, we present additional evidence to that effect. The ratio of the number of men ages 15 to 29 years of age versus men 30 and older in a population appears to be associated with the occurrence and severity of conflicts as measured by the number of war casualties. A series of analyses of demographic and war casualty data indicates that the relative prevalence of young men consistently accounts for more than one third of the variance in severity of conflicts.


We introduce an extension of the finite Toda lattice, depending on a choice of time independent parameters , which also includes the finite relativistic Toda lattice as a limit case and comes from the theory of orthogonal rational functions. Generalizing the method Moser used in the case of the finite Toda lattice, we solve this system of nonlinear differential equations for some initial data with the aid of a spectral transform. In particular we study a generalized eigenvalue problem of a pair of matrices (J,I+JD) where J is a symmetric Jacobi matrix and D = diag (α0−1,α1−1,...,αN−1−1). The inverse spectral transform is described in terms of terminating continued fractions. Finally we compute the time evolution of the spectral data. Using the connection of this spectral transform with the theory of orthogonal rational functions we prove that the matrix J tends to a diagonal matrix containing the generalized eigenvalues and the parameters α0,α1,...,αN−1, thereby establishing the explicit long-time behaviour of the matrix entries.


This paper aims to determine the optimal performance characteristics of a solar tracking system in order to maximize the power generation through using the MOPSO algorithm. Considering the sun path during a day, the necessity of using solar tracking systems to achieve the maximum power output from photovoltaic (PV) panels has been investigated. The solar tracking system allows PV arrays to follow sunlight all day long. The unidirectional tracking system follows the sun path, thereby optimizing the angular motion of PV arrays relative to the sun resulting in higher power generation. To evaluate the performance of a PV system, the total solar radiation was calculated first for both fixed and unidirectional tracking systems. Analyzing the results indicates that for June 20th the power generation of the PV module equipped with a unidirectional tracker is 35% higher than the fixed PV module. The optimal value of the declination angle, Azimuth, and arrays' tilting angles in a unidirectional tracking system calculated using the MOPSO algorithm are , and respectively.


abstract:Research on the powers or roles of first ladies in authoritarian Arab states suffers from two gaps. First, there are always attempts to homogenize women under which the president's spouse is simply subsumed within categories such as "Arab women," "Muslim women," or "Egyptian women." Second, literature explaining the dynamics of authoritarian durability has mainly focused on what is institutional, for instance, the army, legislature, and political parties. This article focuses on a single woman as part of the toolbox authoritarian leaders use to maintain power and as part of their political expediency. It uses quantitative and qualitative methods to track the progression of the roles of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak's wife, Suzanne Mubarak, and the manifestations of these roles in the state media throughout Mubarak's rule (1981–2011). The frame analysis of 1,339 articles found this progression to be linear; that is, Suzanne Mubarak moved from traditional ceremonial roles in the 1980s to policy-oriented ones in the 1990s to political roles, even acting as "copresident" in the 2000s. Through interviews, the data-based findings are contextualized within historically conditioned challenges facing the regime, such as relations with Islamists, the adoption of neoliberal economic policies, and Hosni Mubarak's frail health in the final years of his rule.


Malicious code is as big of a problem today as it ever was, if not larger still. Software is becoming increasingly more complex, and many software systems themselves do not operate in isolation but rather are connected and in fact sometimes dependent on other systems. An attack on a software system therefore is a potential attack on any other system that it may interact with, which further magnifies the damage. Many approaches have been proposed to deal with malicious code and its adverse effects, and these approaches have all met with varying degrees of success. A large part of the problem is that prevention and resolution strategies are always a step behind the creation and deployment of malicious code. Each manifestation of malicious code usually requires its own fix, and therefore there is no miracle cure that can help detect and prevent, if not nullify, all malicious code. To be able to analyze any piece of software and deem it free of all malicious code is as difficult as any other un-decidable problem. Now that we are aware of what we cannot do, let us try to briefly describe malicious code in general so that we can be in a better position to address what it is that we can do. " Malicious code is any code added, changed, or removed from a software system to intentionally cause harm or subvert the system's intended function [1]. " It is however important to acknowledge that when fighting malicious code we care not of its intention but rather on its effect on the software. Code inserted with the most benign of intentions can have the most malicious of effects. Take, for example, programmer negligence that manifests itself in the form of a buffer overflow. Previously, some of the more important sources of malicious code were third party renovation and remediation, off the shelve commercial/non-commercial systems that may spread pre-existing malicious code, and disgruntled employees/contractors or anyone else that might have access and the ability to insert malicious code into the system. However, with the popularity of the Internet and the growing inter-connectivity of computers, systems are vulnerable to attacks, with or without human intervention, from just about anywhere regardless of physical distance or connectivity. Due to such connectivity, an attack can be propagated to a large number of machines in a relatively small amount of time, which may in turn propagate the …


An increase in interest for German scientific psychology followed the rise of liberalism in late nineteenth-century Spain. This paper deals with Spanish scholars' endeavors to participate in German psychology: It outlines the intellectual and institutional background of Spanish preoccupation with German philosophy and psychology, and deals with the personal experience and testimony of two Spanish philosophers, Eloy Luis André and Juan Vicente Viqueira López, who traveled to Leipzig, Berlin, and Göttingen between 1909 and 1914 to gain firsthand experience in the nascent science of psychology in Germany at that time.


In part one the author identifies the three main problems responsible for the early loss of confidence in straddle carriers and lists seven factors which, he claims, "not all manufacturers have been so careful to avoid". He comments on the machines of various manufacturers:-Nellen, Brisband Wharves, Valmet, Raygo-Wagner, Peiner, TCM, Mitsubishi, Drott and Ferranti, indicating major modifications made and any specific areas of weakness; details of the models are tabulated in the Appendix. He also recommends the elimination of obvious areas of weakness and refers to the limitations of this type of machine. In part two "Comparison with Other Systems", (from which the trailer system and sideloader are excluded) the source of technical and operating information is given. Basic parameters of the terminal model used are listed in the Appendix. Operating and maintenance costs are tabulated as are capital costs and land requirements for operating the various systems. Another factor affecting the suitability of both the straddle carrier and the rubber tyred crane, its strongest competitor, is "customer service" and equipment handling rates are given in Table IV. The author includes comments on the high density stacking rail crane and ends with a summary of the various systems examined, listing the advantages of the straddle carrier system.


Early life stress (ELS) refers to harmful environmental events (i.e., poor maternal health, metabolic restraint, childhood trauma) occurring during the prenatal and/or postnatal period, which may cause the 'epigenetic corruption' of cellular and molecular signaling of mental and physical development. While the impact of ELS in a wide range of human diseases has been confirmed, the ELS susceptibility to bone diseases has been poorly explored. In this review, to understand the potential mediating pathways of ELS in bone diseases, PRISMA criteria were used to analyze different stress protocols in mammal models and the effects elicited in dams and their progeny. Data collected, despite the methodological heterogeneity, show that ELS interferes with fetal bone formation, also revealing that the stress type and affected developmental phase may influence the variety and severity of bone anomalies. Interestingly, these findings highlight the maternal and fetal ability to buffer stress, establishing a new role for the placenta in minimizing ELS perturbations. The functional link between ELS and bone impairments will boost future investigations on maternal stress transmission to the fetus and, parallelly, help the assessment of catch-up mechanisms of skeleton adaptations from the cascading ELS effects.


This paper explores the definitions and usage of competence, especially in the context of training and development initiatives in the USA, UK, France and Germany, seeking to clarify the concept by incorporating knowledge, skills and competences within a holistic competence typology. One-dimensional frameworks of competence are inadequate and are giving way to multi-dimensional frameworks. Functional and cognitive competences are increasingly being added to behavioural competencies in the USA, while in the UK cognitive and behavioural competences are being added to the occupational functional competence model. France, Germany, and Austria entering the arena more recently, adopted from the outset more holistic, but different, approaches. After comparing these approaches, we argue that a holistic framework is useful in identifying the combination of competences that are necessary for particular occupations and to promote labour mobility.


The introduction of quinoidal character to π-conjugated polymers is one of the effective approaches to reducing the bandgap. Here we synthesized new π-conjugated polymers (PBTD4T and PBDTD4T) incorporating thienoquinoids 2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dione (BTD) and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-dione (BDTD) as strong electron-deficient (acceptor) units. PBTD4T showed a deep LUMO energy level of -3.77 eV and a small bandgap of 1.28 eV, which are similar to those of the analog using thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dione (TTD) (PTTD4T). PBDTD4T had a much deeper LUMO energy level of -4.04 eV and a significantly smaller bandgap of 0.88 eV compared to those of the other two polymers. Interestingly, PBDTD4T showed high transparency in the visible region. The very small bandgap of PBDTD4T can be rationalized by the enhanced contribution of the resonance backbone structure in which the p-benzoquinodimethane skeleton in the BDTD unit plays a crucial role. PBTD4T and PBDTD4T exhibited ambipolar charge transport with more balanced mobilities between the hole and the electron than PTTD4T. We believe that the very small bandgap, i.e., the high near-infrared activity, as well as the well-balanced ambipolar property of the π-conjugated polymers based on these units would be of particular interest in the fabrication of next-generation organic devices.


A wide variety of drugs have been tested in experimental animals and several have been found that reduce voluntary alcohol drinking. The available evidence suggested that the same drugs also reduce alcohol drinking in alcoholics. Various factors limited or prevented the clinical use of the these drugs. Our working hypothesis has been that alcohol drinking is a learned response, reinforced primarily from alcohol in the brain, and that an alcoholic is a person in which this response and the related craving have become so strong that they dominate the behaviour and interfere with normal functioning. Learned responses are extinguished if they are made repeatedly while the reinforcement is blocked, and opiate antagonists appear to block the reinforcement from alcohol. A series of experiments support the hypothesis that drinking alcohol while an antagonist is present extinguishes the alcohol-drinking response in rats. The antagonists are non-addictive and at least naloxone appears to be safe. Clinical trials are now needed, but the present results suggest that this extinction procedure might be a useful adjunct to the treatment of alcoholism.


Focusing on the life and work of the Estonian politician and Statesman Jüri Jaakson (1870–1942), the article gives an overview of the changing historical and social context that has influenced the formation of Estonian law. Estonia's historical diversity can be regarded as events of transformation and disruption that have resulted in vague concepts.
The article consists of three interrelated parts, taking into account that law and society are interconnected and that politics is constructed through language. The first part builds on Jüri Jaakson's presentation at the first Estonian Lawyers' Days in 1922, and shows how historical events have influenced political and legal conceptualisation. The second part shows how Jüri Jaakson's own biography tragically reflects the changing Estonian historical context that he himself considered diverse and controversial. Finally, in the third part, some normative assertions have been made in an attempt to show that any legal term always relates to a certain social and political context.
Although the author's aim has not been to frame a doctrine or provide instruction, but rather, with the help of Jüri Jaakson's thoughts situated in the context of his time, to offer a moral measure for understanding the developments that could influence small states, it offers a measure for understanding why societies require (new) conceptualisation and re-conceptualisation. Conceptualisation is understood as constructing something new that we cannot identify in the past, while reconceptualisation is understood as change, also resulting from discontinuity and/or interruption. Because there are no unchangeable social categories or meanings, continuity can at best mean a situation where the research objects have remained more static over a concrete period.
Methodologically this article is an attempt to connect legal research with a conceptual historical approach.


Neuro-muscular blocking agents are currently administered to the fetus during intrauterine procedures, in order to freeze fetal movements and to avoid traumatic effects. The authors have evaluated three drug regimens (Pancuronium, Vecuronium, Atracurium), both via the intramuscular and the intravascular route of administration to the fetus. The time lapse between injection and disappearance of movements and the duration of paralysis have shown no significant differences for each group. The duration of fetal immobilization, on the other hand, has resulted excessively long for the necessity of the procedure. The authors speculate that immaturity of fetal metabolism can be responsible for the prolonged action of the drug. No side effect related to paralysis have been recorded at birth and after two years follow-up.


The distribution of Branchinecta orientalis, B. ferox and Chirocephalus carnuntanus was assessed in the natural and semi-natural astatic soda pans of the Carpathian basin. In Europe, these habitats are exclusively restricted to Hungary (Great Hungarian Plain), Austria (Seewinkel) and Serbia (Vojvodina). The present research is the first comprehensive large-scale study – covering an area of approximately 125,000 km2 – on these three fairy shrimp species in the region, and it is important especially in the case of Branchinecta spp., due to former taxonomical uncertainties. The local, land use and spatial effects on the species distribution were also analysed. The three anostracans were found to adopt different strategies, mainly according to the salinity of the pans. The apparently halophilous B. orientalis tolerated higher salinities than the other species, which can be regarded as habitat-generalist halotolerants, showing a high preference for soda waters in Central Europe. The density of the species was significantly affected only by local factors, while their occurrence was influenced also by pan isolation. Land use did not explain a significant amount of variation in either case. In conclusion, soda pans with a wide range of different salinities constitute a suitable habitat for all the three species. Also, protected areas with high number of pans – as Seewinkel (in Austria) or Kiskunsag (in Hungary) – can play an essential role in the long-term conservation of these anostracans. Finally, we suggest that these species should be legally protected, primarily because the number of their habitats in the basin is seriously declining.


Electromechanical stimulation device. An apparatus for providing stimuli used by women, including sized for insertion within the vagina so that the arm at or near the point G contacting the vaginal wall, sized to contact with the outer arm of the clitoris, and the connecting of the inner and outer arms a U-shaped resilient member.


The relationship between economic growth and the environment is one of the most significant problems in modern economics. Empirical data are increasingly available, but the theories behind those data remain a matter of debate. This paper presents an elementary theoretical model of the interactions between the economic process and the environment, drawing on a theory developed by Georgescu-Roegen, in which the laws of thermodynamics are applied to the economic process. The model assumes that the growth and distribution process is currently operating amid conditions of environmental distress. The model is able to predict and explain the observed relationship between economic growth and the environment, identifying new public policy implications. The paper thus aims to contribute to the debate on the choices that society must make about the future of humanity.


Technical and professional writing pedagogies have traditionally understood collaborative writing as an aggregate, cooperative venture between writers and subject matter experts. In contrast, this tutorial argues that Web 2.0 technologies offer technical and professional communication pedagogies more advantageous conceptions and practices of collaborative writing. The tutorial analyzes how new media technologies create a different collaborative writing environment and then discusses how these environments help collaborative writing methods create an alternative writing situation. The study concludes by examining the outcomes of student Web 2.0 research projects and by offering technical and professional writing instructors new pedagogical strategies for teaching collaborative writing.


The purpose of this study was to quantify ranges and speeds of movement, from shoulder external rotation to ball impact, in the tennis service actions of world class players. Two electronically synchronised 200 Hz video cameras were used to record 20 tennis players during singles competition at the Sydney 2000 Olympic games. Three-dimensional motion of 20 landmarks on each player and racquet were manually digitized. Based upon the mean values for this group, the elbow flexed to 104 degrees and the upper arm rotated into 172 degrees of shoulder external rotation as the front knee extended. From this cocked position, there was a rapid sequence of segment rotations. The order of maximum angular velocities was trunk tilt (280 degrees/s), upper torso rotation (870 degrees/s), pelvis rotation (440 degrees/s), elbow extension (1510 degrees/s), wrist flexion (1950 degrees/s), and shoulder internal rotation. Shoulder internal rotation was greater for males (2420 degrees/s) than females (1370 degrees/s), which may be related to the faster ball velocity produced by the males (50.8 m/s) than the females (41.5 m/s). Although both genders produced segment rotations in the same order, maximum upper torso velocity occurred earlier for females (0.075 s before impact) than for males (0.058 s). At impact, the trunk was tilted 48 degrees above horizontal, the arm was abducted 101 degrees and the elbow, wrist, and lead knee were slightly flexed. Male and female players should be trained to develop the kinematics measured in this study in order to produce effective high-velocity serves.


Summary
Background. Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated chronic esophageal disease, with frequent association with atopy. A validated non/minimally invasive biomarker of disease severity has not been identified. We aimed to determine if sensitization to airborne and food allergens correlates with disease severity, and to evaluate the association between clinical and laboratory characteristics with the severity of EoE. Methods. Retrospective study of EoE patients observed in a differentiated center, 2009-2021. The association between patients' diagnosis age, disease duration before diagnosis, sensitization to airborne/food allergens, serum total IgE and peripheral blood eosinophil values and severe clinical disease (presence of symptoms with a significant impact on quality of life and/or ≥ 1 hospital admission due to EoE complications, namely severe dysphagia, food impaction or esophageal perforation) and histological severe disease (≥ 55 eos/hpf and/or microabscesses in esophageal biopsies) was evaluated. Results. 92 patients were observed, 83% male, 87% atopic. There was a mean delay in diagnosis of 4 years (range 0-31). 84% had aeroallergen sensitization and 71% food sensitization. Food impaction and dysphagia were the most frequent symptoms, and severe clinical disease was observed in 55%. Histologically, 37% had severity criteria. Patients with severe clinical disease had a significantly longer mean disease duration before diagnosis than patients without severe clinical disease (79 vs 15 months, p = 0.021). Patients who described food impaction were significantly older at time of diagnosis than those who have never had impaction (18 vs 9 years, p less than 0.001). There was no significant association (p less than 0.05) between sensitization, serum total IgE and peripheral blood eosinophil values and clinical or histological severity. Conclusions. An older age at diagnosis and a longer disease duration before diagnosis appear to be useful for predicting EoE clinical severity. Despite having been demonstrated a high prevalence of allergic disease, the presence of sensitization to airborne and/or food allergens do not seem to be useful for predicting clinical or histological severity.


Fundamental study of the reactivity of 2-nitropyrrole systems has enabled the identification of effective methods for incorporation of this unusual motif into advanced natural product frameworks. The presence of electron-rich pyrrole N-protecting groups (BOM, Boz) was demonstrated to enable a variety of previously unsuccessful palladium-mediated cross-couplings to be carried out in high yield. Based on this foundation, a series of regio- and stereoselective synthetic routes toward the nitropyrrolin and heronapyrrole families of natural products was developed by our group (G1-3). A full account of the strategic evolution of these approaches is reported here, highlighting the details of the setbacks encountered and eventual successes achieved en route, including the total synthesis of heronapyrrole B. The fundamental studies and completed total syntheses provide general access to the bioactive 2-nitropyrrole natural product manifold and also establish practical and efficient methods for preparation and elaboration of the medicinally relevant 2-nitropyrrole motif.


Alluvial fans displaced by normal faults of the Black Mountains fault zone at Badwater and Mormon Point in Death Valley were mapped, surveyed, and dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and 10 Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) methods. Applying TCN methods to Holocene geomorphic surfaces in Death Valley is challenging because sediment flux is slow and complex. However, OSL dating produces consistent surface ages, yielding ages for a regionally recognized surface (Qg3a) of 4.5 ± 1.2 ka at Badwater and 7.0 ± 1.0 ka at Mormon Point. Holocene faults offsetting Qg3a yield horizontal slip rates directed toward 323° of 0.8 +0.3/–0.2 mm/yr and 1.0 ± 0.2 mm/yr for Badwater and Mormon Point, respectively. These slip rates are slower than the ∼2 mm/yr dextral slip rate of the southern end of the northern Death Valley fault zone and are half as fast as NNW-oriented horizontal rates documented for the Panamint Valley fault zone. This indicates that additional strain is transferred southwestward from northern Death Valley and Black Mountains fault zones onto the oblique-normal dextral faults of the Panamint Valley fault zone, which is consistent with published geodetic modeling showing that current opening rates of central Death Valley along the Black Mountains fault zone are about three times slower than for Panamint Valley. This suggests that less than half of the geodetically determined ∼9–12 mm/yr of right-lateral shear across the region at the latitude of central Death Valley is accommodated by slip on well-defined faults and that distributed deformational processes take up the remainder of this slip transferred between the major faults north of the Garlock fault.


Argentina occupies a prominent place in Latin American historiography. Latin Americanists as well as historians of other world regions are less familiar, though, with the intensity of cultural, political, and economic flows that defined the broader region of the Rio de la Plata, comprising today's Uruguay and Argentina specifically, as well as Paraguay and southern Brazil more generally. Such exchanges of goods, ideas, and people were especially true of the late colonial period and the nineteenth century. Yet in this equation studies of Uruguay have remained on the margins in historical scholarship. This essay focuses on three core areas of research in the recent historiography of Uruguay as a gateway to nineteenth-century cultural history of the Rio de la Plata region. These areas are: (1) the African diaspora and blackness; (2) political culture and cultural history; and (3) a revitalized political history that draws from intellectual history and new energy surrounding the bicentennials of independence throughout Latin America. Knowledge of the historical forces shaping nineteenth-century Uruguay not only contributes to a more complete understanding of the region's cultural history; it also allows for the development of a historical perspective that is much more in tune with the historical experience of the region's inhabitants throughout the long nineteenth century. Moreover, students and scholars of Argentina will note some parallels in research problems, though seeing them through the Uruguay prism can yield alternative approaches and point to previously unknown or under-utilized source bases.


A density-dependent Wright-Fisher model is a model where the population size changes randomly depending on the genetic composition process. If population sizes Mn vary without density dependence then the condition Z M- ' = oo is necessary and sufficient for fixation. It is shown that the above condition is no longer necessary for fixation in the density dependent models. Another necessary condition for fixation is given. Some known results on series of functions of sums of i.i.d. random variables are generalized to weighted sums.


BACKGROUND: In 2000, the NIH Consensus meeting concluded that 4 to 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to provide an optimal benefit; So, we underwent a prospective randomized trial comparing 4 and 6 cycles of FEC 100 (JCO 2005; 23: 2686–2693) for high risk node negative breast cancer patients. METHODS: This study enrolled 18–65 y women with operable breast cancer, without axillary lymph node involvement, or presence of isolated tumor cells, with size superior to 1 cm and another poor prognostic factor: T > 2 cm, HR –, SBR grade II or III, age After adequate breast surgery and axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel node technique, they were randomized between arm A, 6 cycles of FEC 100, and arm B, 4 cycles, every three weeks. The local regional treatment was completed following usual recommendations. All HR+ patients received hormonal therapy for 5 years. After August 2005, patients with HER2+ tumors were excluded from this study. The primary end point was PFS at 5 years. This study was powered to detect a 6% difference in favour of 6 cycles. Between August 2002 and September 2006, 1516 patients were randomized; 1515 are analysed in ITT. Three patients in the B group did not receive any chemotherapy. There is no significant difference between the two arms for tumor and patient characteristics. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 73 months we observed regarding PFS a low event rate, 197 for the entire population (13%) 91 in arm A median PFS, vs. 106 in arm B median PFS, without any difference between the two groups for DFS, DDFS, local relapse, overall survival. There was no unexpected toxicity. In the arm A we observed more grade III and IV neutropenia, without congestive heart failure. CONCLUSION At a follow-up of 73 months, we observed a low relapse rate, with no significant difference between the two arms. Duration of FEC100 does not induce different outcomes in this population. Question of length of adjuvant treatment is still open with and without taxanes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-04.


[Background] Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, which is a bifunctional protein that suppresses apoptosis and regulates cell division. Survivin is expressed in various malignant tumors. The overexpression of survivin has been reported to be a poorer prognostic factor in various malignancies. However, the prognostic value of survivin expression in patients with oral cancer is still controversial. Moreover, there are few comparative studies of survivin expression between the cytoplasm and nucleus of individual cells. [Purpose] The aims of present study were to evaluate the expression of survivin protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to elucidate the relationships among the survivin expression, clinical stages, histological differentiation and YK classification. [Materials and Methods] Four human OSCC cell lines, B88, CAL27, HNt, and HSC3 cells were used in this study. Normal gingival epithelial cells served as control. Survivin expression of cultured cells was detected by western blot. Tissue specimens were obtains from 57 patients with OSCC after surgery or biopsy. Survivin expression was detected by an immunohistochemical method. [Results] The expression of survivin was detected in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 57 cases of OSCC showed that 50 (88%) cases expressed survivin. Moreover, analysis of 50 positive cases revealed 28 cases with survivin-positive staining both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and 22 cases with survivin expression in cytoplasm only. There was no relationship between survivin expression and clinical stages, or histological differentiation. There were significant differences between survivin expression of nucleus and YK classification, implicated invasion mode of cancer. [Conclusions] These findings suggested that the expression of survivin in OSCC could be related to invasion mode. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 201. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-201


Cooperatives in Indonesia is the cornerstone of the economy for all people, especially those with low economies . Agriculture in Indonesia experienced a decline in 2017. One of the problem factors is the problem of capital. To overcome the problem of capital in agriculture, the right step is the establishment of a cooperative. The cooperative will regulate the financial circulation of the farmer groups. The farmer group that is the object of this research is the Karang Asri Kamnpung Durian Ngebel farmer group. This Karang Asri farmer group is the focus of this research because it has the potential for agricultural products that are much sought after by the community, namely durian fruit. In this study, the researcher will analyze the problems that exist in the Karang Asri farmer groups in Durian Ngebel Village which are the causes for the not yet established cooperatives in the farmer groups and formulate a cooperative model that can be established in the Karang Asri farmer groups. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through, observation, interviews, and documentation. By interviewing the head of the Karang Asri farmer group representing the entire group. The results of this study indicate that six problem sectors are ranging from human resources, natural resources, production, distribution, systems, and problems from outside the farmer group. The problems that exist are divided into two groups, namely roots and branches. The root problem is the main problem because there is no cooperative in the farmer group. T he branch problem is a factor that indirectly causes the absence of a cooperative. Then the cooperative model that was successfully designed was the sharia producer cooperative. It is hoped that this cooperative model will be a capital solution and also all problems that exist in farmer groups.


"There is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle than to initiate a new order of things. For the reformer has enemies in all who profit by the old order, and only lukewarm defenders in all those who would profit by the new order"—Machiavelli This essay was written after a team of the Institute for Security Studies visited the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to share their experiences of the challenges of defence transformation with Congolese officials and members of civil society. It discusses the South African defence transformation process and experience in detail and highlights the imperative for visionary leadership, commitment and communication as prerequisites for successful transformation. The DRC faces a unique opportunity to design and create an optimal national defence force for itself, which will reflect its new and evolving national policy on defence, and therefore the needs of the nation. This poses an exciting challenge and true opportunity to move beyond survival into a new age. The essay aims to make a contribution to this process.


The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomy and distribution of the polychaetes of the family Paraonidae from a lagoon-estuarine ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico. The samples come from 20 soft bottom stations in the Términos Lagoon during the dry and rainy seasons, of which eight included paraonids. In all, 1183 specimens belonging to two new species were identified: Aricidea (Acmira) hirsuta (1125 specimens) and Paradoneis carmelitensis (58 specimens). A. (A.) hirsuta is clearly distinguished from other members of the genus by the presence of unidentate curved spines with a dense pubescence along their medium and distal margins, and because the median antenna is short. P carmelitensis is mainly characterized by the absence of eyes, by the presence of triangular shaped postchaetal prebranchial lobes, and the presence of branchiae and lyriform chaetae from chaetiger 4. The paraonids occurrence was mainly associated with salinities close to marine conditions (31.71 to 35.85 psu). They were almost totally collected during the rainy season (1178 specimens from both species) in the central and southern areas; during the dry season only five specimens of P. carmelitensis were recorded.


Cecropin P1 (CP1) isolated from a large roundworm Ascaris suum, which is found in pig intestines, has been extensively studied as a model antimicrobial peptide (AMP). However, despite being a model AMP, its antibacterial mechanism is not well understood, particularly the function of its C-terminus. By using an Escherichia coli overexpression system with calmodulin as a fusion partner, we succeeded in the mass expression of recombinant peptides, avoiding toxicity to the host and degradation of CP1. The structure of the recombinant 15N- and 13C-labeled CP1 and its C-terminus truncated analogue in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles was determined by NMR. In this membrane-mimetic environment, CP1 formed an α-helix for almost its entire length, except for a short region at the C-terminus, and there was no evidence of a hinge, which is considered important for the expression of activity in other cecropins. Several NMR analyses showed that the entire length of CP1 was protected from water by micelles. Since the loss of the C-terminus of the analogue had little effect on the NMR structure or its interaction with the micelle, we investigated another role of the C-terminus of CP1 in its antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the C-terminal region affected the DNA-binding capacity of CP1, and this mechanism of action was also newly suggested that it contributed to the antimicrobial activity of CP1.


Many organizations make use of prominent images in their communication. Often these images are selected without scientific understanding the effects of the properties of these images. Lighting is a stylistic feature of advertising pictures which is chosen only based on feeling or intuition of the photographer or marketer. Several studies on illumination of environments have shown that light is able to communicate a message and can influence the affective evaluation of an environment and the people in it.
This study therefore examined whether the hardness of lighting (harsh versus soft) of endorsers in advertising pictures can communicate meaning and can influence the affective evaluation of the respondent. Hardness of lighting was chosen as independent variable because harsh light and sharp shadows caused angular shapes, while soft light produces very smooth shadows witch makes the illuminated objects look rounder. It was expected that harsh light would be linked to masculine associations, as is shown for angular shapes and soft light, like rounded shapes, to feminine associations.
Study 1 examined whether congruence (male endorser + harsh light or female endorser + soft light) resulted into a more positive evaluation. However, this was not the case. Illunination only significantly influenced the attractiveness of the endorser. A softly illuminated endorser regardless of gender was rated more attractive than a harsh illuminated endorser. Study 2 confirmed this result. The positive effect on attractiveness of soft lighting on the female endorser turned out to be fully mediated by processing fluency. The advertised product and the female endorser were also linked in a greater extent to female associations in soft light then when they were showed in harsh light. It is also revealed that soft light on the female endorser had a more positive influence than harsh light on the evaluation of the advertisement, which is partially mediated by processing fluency, purchase intent and price perception.


The Relationship between Social Support and the Degree of Pain in Patient with Acute Phase of Gout Arthritis Background: Pharmacological therapies currently used for pain relief in patient with acute phase of gout arthritis often cause serious side effects, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and disturbance of kidney or liver function. The psychological stress is able to increase the pain severity. Some researches conclude that the social support is able to decrease the pain. Other than pharmacological treatment it should be necessary to address the social support in management of patients with acute phase of gout arthritis. Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the extent to which the relationship between social support on the degree of pain in patients with acute phase of gout arthritis. Method: This research used a cross sectional design. There were 21 patients with acute phase of gout arthritis recruited in this research. The questioner of social support and the visual analogue scale were used in this research. Analysis of the relationship of social support and the degree of pain used Pearson correlation. Result: The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the social support and the degree of pain (r = - 0.437 and p = 0.047) in patients with acute phase of gout arthritis. Conclusion: This study showed that the higher the social support, the lower the degree of pain in patients with acute phase of gout arthritis. Keywords: social support, degree of pain, acute phase of gout arthritis


The present paper reports a novel approach to detect hydrogen sulphide (H2S) at high temperatures, using a silicon carbide based MIS capacitor. The leakage current is monitored through the gas sensor and is shown to be described by a trap assisted conduction mechanism. The hydrogen-like response of the sensor when exposed to H2S is observed by lowering the barrier height between the palladium metal gate and the insulator of the device. Reliable low electric field current-voltage characteristics are obtained at 325 °C and ultimate sensitivities below 50 ppm are reported. The suitability of this technology for the remote monitoring of volcanic emissions is outlined and predictions made for the deployment in other applications, including outer space.


The impact of trade liberalization on the manufacturing sector in the developing countries has long been debated. The most important issues have been efficiency and enhancing competitiveness. Welfare implications received less attention, in particular income distribution and the impact on wage level and profitability. This study focuses on the relationship between trade liberalization, as part of the structural adjustment program, and profitability and wages and salaries in the manufacturing sector in Jordan over the period 1976-1998. The study makes no claim regarding the direction of causality, it has never the less shows that wages and salaries have declined in real terms during the period of ?trade liberalization? while in the meantime manufacturers achieved almost the same level of profit margin suggesting that wage earners became worse off during the period under investigation.


Cumyl hydroperoxide has been decomposed using zinc O,O-diisobutyl dithiophosphate. The decomposition reaction consisted of three stages including the first homolytic decomposition and the last heterolytic decomposition. These decomposition modes depended considerably on the relative concentration of the complex to the hydroperoxide and the total concentration. From these results and on the basis of decomposition reaction in the presence of both zinc O,O-diisobutyl dithiophosphate and bis(O,O-diisobutoxyphosphonothioyl) disulfide, it has been shown that the formation of sulfuric acid was most important for heterolytic decomposition.


Abstract Background Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a common flap used for many microsurgical reconstructive procedures. Majority of these flaps are based on the musculocutaneous perforators, which, after arising from source artery, course through the bulk of the vastus lateralis muscle. The vascular anatomy of the ALT flap has been often decried as its limiting factor. Methods In this prospective study conducted over 3 years, 207 cases of ALT flap were evaluated. During the harvest of ALT flap, musculocutaneous perforators were laid open through the vastus lateralis, and its variations and pattern were studied for clinical anatomy as well as impact of anatomy on the viability of the flap postoperatively. Results The perforators were recognized to be grouped into three broadly distinguishable anatomical patterns: linear (I), branching (Y), or tortuous (S). While the majority of perforators (51%) were linear "I" perforators, serpentine "S" and branching "Y" perforators were 28 and 21%, respectively. The clinical outcomes were also related to the simplicity of these perforators course as linear "I" perforators had 100% flap viability. Conclusion During the harvest of 207 ALT flaps through 3 years, it could be deciphered that the musculocutaneous perforators traverse through the bulk of vastus lateralis muscle in only three types of patterns (IYS pattern). This identification of pattern could help in prevention of injury while delineating the perforators. Identification and typing of anatomical variation of the musculocutaneous perforator within the vastus muscle could lead to a predictable and safer harvest of the ALT flap.


Earlier studies found that web hyperlink data contain various types of information, ranging from academic to political, that can be used to analyze a variety of social phenomena. Specifically, the numbers of inlinks to academic websites are associated with academic performance, while the counts of inlinks to company websites correlate with business variables. However, the scarcity of sources from which to collect inlink data in recent years has required us to seek new data sources. The recent demise of the inlink search function of Yahoo! made this need more pressing. Different alternative variables or data sources have been proposed. This study compared three types of web data to determine which are better as academic and business quality estimates, and what are the relationships among the three data sources. The study found that Alexa inlink and Google URL citation data can replace Yahoo! inlink data and that the former is better than the latter. Alexa is even better than Yahoo!, which has been the main data source in recent years. The unique nature of Alexa data could explain its relative advantages over other data sources. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The goal of every government is to provide decent employment for its citizenries. This goal has, however, become unattainable in many countries, particularly in developing countries, including Nigeria. As a result, several empirical studies have been conducted with the goal to find macroeconomic variables that are positively (negatively) correlated with the employment (unemployment) so that government can direct its policy arsenals towards that direction. However, few empirical investigations have been conducted on how financial development relates to unemployment in the short-run and the long-run, taking into consideration different measures of financial development. This is the aim of this study. Using various financial development indicators and employing ARDL as a method of estimation, it was found that only financial system deposit to GDP has a potential to reduce the unemployment rate in the short-run and the long-run. Other financial indicators such as credit to private sector, financial liquidity, financial efficiency and financial stability only reduce the unemployment rate in the short-run. We also found that financial development and unemployment rate (including inflation rate and real GDP) are cointegrated. The results we attributed to the level of financial sector development in Nigeria compared with the level of financial sector development in Emerging and Developed Countries. Based on this, it is important for the authority to further strengthen and deepen the financial sector through proper supervisions and regulations, as well as formulation and implementation of appropriate policies so that the sector can perform its intermediary role effectively and efficiently in the economy.


We synthesized new carbazole-diimide hole-transporting materials with different dianhydride groups by thermal imidization. The imide moieties were introduced to improve thermal stability of a carbazole hole transport molecule. Result showed that the carbazole-diimdes exhibit good thermal stability with glass transition temperature of 142-182 degrees C and degradation temperature of approximately 450 degrees C as well as good optical transparency in the visible region. The organic light-emitting device (OLED) using alicyclic diimide (CBCZ) shows maximum luminance approximately 8,600 cd/m2 at 12 V and current efficiency of 2.1 cd/A. With optimization of fabricating conditions, the thermally stable CBCZ is expected to be used as a promising hole-transporting material with higher efficiency and durability.


We propose using the surface of pine trees needles to biomonitor the bioaerosol emissions at a composting plant. Measurements were based on 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, a bioindicator of composting plant emissions. A sampling plan was established based on 29 samples around the emission source. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene copies of S. rectivirgula per gram of Pinus halepensis needles varied from 104 to 102 as a function of the distance. The signal reached the background level at distances around the composting plant ranging from 2 km to more than 5.4 km, depending on the local topography and average wind directions. From these values, the impacted area around the source of bioaerosols was mapped.


Abstract Fumonisin B1 (FB1) has the highest natural contamination rate among all fumonisin analogs and can inhibit food intake and weight gain of pigs. Under laboratory conditions, carboxylesterase FumDSB has a high FB1 degradation rate and excellent pH and thermal stability. The present study sought to estimate the effects of FumDSB on growing pigs from the perspective of a brain–intestinal axis. Twenty-four growing pigs of similar weight were divided into Control, FB1 (5 mg FB1/kg feed), and FumDSB (5 mg FB1/kg and 0.1% FumDSB in the feed) groups. After 42 days of feeding, hypothalamus and jejunum samples were collected for quantitative real-time fluorescence, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that FB1 consumption can destruct the tissue structure of hypothalamus and jejunum, affect the expression and distribution of several appetite-related neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines, thereby inducing neuroinflammatory responses and affecting food intake and weight gain. However, these anorexia effects and inflammatory responses are alleviated when FumDSB is added to the feed. In short, FumDSB can alleviate the inflammatory response induced by FB1 in growing pigs.


Abstract : Concern for the quality of life (quality of life) is the center of attention in the current state of the pandemic. Changes in the environment cause attention to be focused on the quality of life. In this study, the researcher will use qualitative methods so that this event can be understood without any theoretical limitations that separate the reader from the subject, but the reader can also feel, appreciate, and seem to be in the life of the subject. Through qualitative methods, events can be seen from the perspective of the author and the research subject. In this study, the research results were grouped into three main categories of responses as employees working during Covid-19. The first category is employees who feel dissatisfied with their situation since Covid-19, the second category is employees who feel dissatisfied with their situation but are still trying to accept it since Covid-19, while the last category is the category of employees who feel fine and supportive. the course of company policies during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study has answered the research question that EWB is very important for working employees, because EWB affects work engagement and motivation. Decreased work motivation will affect the way employees work as well. Income is thought to be one of the factors that affect welfare because everything does require money. However, EWB can still be fulfilled during this Covid-19 pandemic even though there is a decrease in income.


Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily considered as a motor disorder but there is increasing recognition of the wide range of non-motor symptoms (NMS), such as low mood, pain, apathy, fatigue and sleep problems, which may be experienced by PD patients across the spectrum of the disease. Notably, NMS often occur before motor symptoms develop and are known to place a significant burden on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the person with PD. Commonly, NMS go undiagnosed by the clinician and are therefore undertreated; however, to optimise patient outcomes, both motor and non-motor aspects of PD need to be recognised and managed effectively. The 10th International Congress on Non-Motor Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders held in Nice, France, in December 2014, offered the opportunity to look further into the dopaminergic basis of NMS and how this may affect clinical management. Britannia arranged an international faculty, chaired by Professor Amos Korczyn (Tel Aviv, Israel), to review the latest developments in our understanding of the underlying aetiology and clinical burden of non-motor features in PD that will ultimately help inform clinical practice. Surveys indicate that NMS have an extremely high prevalence among PD patients and evidence now suggests that it is the total 'burden' of NMS, combining frequency and severity, and not just the occurrence of individual NMS such as depression, which is the major determinant of a patient's HRQoL. Recognising the significant contribution of NMS to the total clinical picture in PD, in order to provide a more comprehensive grading of PD severity, it is now proposed that the clinical assessment of PD patients needs a combined approach using for example the validated Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) to assess total NMS burden in addition to classic motor symptom scoring. Recent data from newly diagnosed PD patients also suggests there are different subtypes of PD that may have implications for both clinical trial design and the selection of therapy. Cognitive impairment often occurs in patients with PD, even in early disease, progressing to PD dementia in a substantial proportion of patients, which can limit therapeutic options. Posterior cortical dysfunction is a negative predictor of the progression of PD with mild cognitive impairment to PD dementia. Pronounced nigrostriatal denervation is characteristic of PD; however, cholinergic changes are also observed. Cholinergic depletion starts early in the disease process and by the time PD dementia develops patients will have a significant cholinergic deficit in various cortical regions. Current research is focused on the potential to reduce cognitive decline by decreasing beta-amyloid plaques.


As the U.S. and Texas slipped into recession last year, a balanced economy lessened the impact on upper East Texas. In March, the region's year-over-year nonfarm employment was down 0.4 percent, compared with the state's decline of 0.8 percent and the nation's 3.5 percent. Unemployment rates in the region's principal metros are near or below the state's 6.7 percent average.


Antisera raised against the plant glycoproteins beta-fructosidase and horseradish peroxidase can be fractionated on an affinity column of honeybee venom phospholipase A2 to produce serum fractions that are specific for either the alpha 1-->3 fucose or beta 1-->2 xylose epitopes commonly found on the Asn-linked glycans of plant glycoproteins. This affinity purification strategy relies on the absence of beta 1-->2 xylose from the glycan of the venom protein. Such antibody preparations can be used for the detection of these sugar epitopes on glycoproteins.


This study addresses a need for improved preharvest sampling plans for pathogen detection in leafy green fields by developing and validating a preharvest sampling simulation model, avoiding the expensive task of physical sampling in many fields. Validated preharvest sampling simulations were used to develop guidance for preharvest sampling protocols. ABSTRACT Commercial leafy greens customers often require a negative preharvest pathogen test, typically by compositing 60 produce sample grabs of 150 to 375 g total mass from lots of various acreages. This study developed a preharvest sampling Monte Carlo simulation, validated it against literature and experimental trials, and used it to suggest improvements to sampling plans. The simulation was validated by outputting six simulated ranges of positive samples that contained the experimental number of positive samples (range, 2 to 139 positives) recovered from six field trials with point source, systematic, and sporadic contamination. We then evaluated the relative performance between simple random, stratified random, or systematic sampling in a 1-acre field to detect point sources of contamination present at 0.3% to 1.7% prevalence. Randomized sampling was optimal because of lower variability in probability of acceptance. Optimized sampling was applied to detect an industry-relevant point source [3 log(CFU/g) over 0.3% of the field] and widespread contamination [−1 to −4 log(CFU/g) over the whole field] by taking 60 to 1,200 sample grabs of 3 g. More samples increased the power of detecting point source contamination, as the median probability of acceptance decreased from 85% with 60 samples to 5% with 1,200 samples. Sampling plans with larger total composite sample mass increased power to detect low-level, widespread contamination, as the median probability of acceptance with −3 log(CFU/g) contamination decreased from 85% with a 150-g total mass to 30% with a 1,200-g total mass. Therefore, preharvest sampling power increases by taking more, smaller samples with randomization, up to the constraints of total grabs and mass feasible or required for a food safety objective. IMPORTANCE This study addresses a need for improved preharvest sampling plans for pathogen detection in leafy green fields by developing and validating a preharvest sampling simulation model, avoiding the expensive task of physical sampling in many fields. Validated preharvest sampling simulations were used to develop guidance for preharvest sampling protocols. Sampling simulations predicted that sampling plans with randomization are less variable in their power to detect low-prevalence point source contamination in a 1-acre field. Collecting larger total sample masses improved the power of sampling plans in detecting widespread contamination in 1-acre fields. Hence, the power of typical sampling plans that collect 150 to 375 g per composite sample can be improved by taking more, randomized smaller samples for larger total sample mass. The improved sampling plans are subject to feasibility constraints or to meet a particular food safety objective.


In cereal crops, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the ability to appropriately respond to environmental cues is an important factor for yield stability and thus for agricultural production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are key components of signal transduction cascades involved in plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions. H2O2-mediated stress responses include the modulation of expression of stress-responsive genes required to cope with different abiotic and biotic stresses. Despite its importance, knowledge of the effects of H2O2 on the barley transcriptome is still scarce. In this study, we identified global transcriptomic changes induced after application of 10 mM H2O2 to five-day-old barley plants. In total, 1883 and 1001 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in roots and leaves, respectively. Most of these DEGs were organ-specific, with only 209 DEGs commonly regulated and 37 counter-regulated between both plant parts. A GO term analysis further confirmed that different processes were affected in roots and leaves. It revealed that DEGs in leaves mostly comprised genes associated with hormone signaling, response to H2O2 and abiotic stresses. This includes many transcriptions factors and small heat shock proteins. DEGs in roots mostly comprised genes linked to crucial aspects of H2O2 catabolism and oxidant detoxification, glutathione metabolism, as well as cell wall modulation. These categories include many peroxidases and glutathione transferases. As with leaves, the H2O2 response category in roots contains small heat shock proteins, however, mostly different members of this family were affected and they were all regulated in the opposite direction in the two plant parts. Validation of the expression of the selected commonly regulated DEGs by qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-seq data. The data obtained in this study provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress responses in barley, which might also play a role upon other stresses that induce oxidative bursts.


In the egg of Drosophila the distribution of sulphydryl and ribonucleic acid compounds has no apparent connexion with the dorso-ventral organization, contrary to the situation found in the amphibian egg. Histochemical evidence suggests that the nucleic acid metabolism of the Drosophila egg may be similar to that of the chick embryo. During embryogenesis the contraction of the germ band can be considered as an important morphogenetic stage which marks the beginning of the histo-differentiation of all larval structures.


This collection of readings from primary and secondary sources deals with the character of everyday life from the settlement of America to the present. Essays in each volume arranged chronologically (alternate topical table of contents provided). Each volume contains a general introduction, a headnote precedes each article, an annotated bibiography appears at the end of each section.


Cardiovascular disease entails systemic changes in the vasculature. The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels are crucial in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Healthy endothelial cells direct the blood flow to tissues as vasodilators and act as the systemic interface between the blood and tissues, supplying nutrients for vital organs, and regulating the smooth traffic of leukocytes into tissues. In cardiovascular diseases, when inflammation is sensed, endothelial cells adjust to the local or systemic inflammatory state. As the inflamed vasculature adjusts, changes in the endothelial cells lead to endothelial dysfunction, altered blood flow and permeability, expression of adhesion molecules, vessel wall inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenic processes, and extracellular matrix production at the endothelial cell level. Preclinical multi-scale imaging of these endothelial changes using optical, acoustic, nuclear, MRI, and multimodal techniques has progressed, due to technical advances and enhanced biological understanding on the interaction between immune and endothelial cells. While this review highlights biological processes that are related to changes in the cardiac vasculature during cardiovascular diseases, it also summarizes state-of-the-art vascular imaging techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of the different imaging techniques are highlighted, as well as their principles, methodologies, and preclinical and clinical applications with potential future directions. These multi-scale approaches of vascular imaging carry great potential to further expand our understanding of basic vascular biology, to enable early diagnosis of vascular changes and to provide sensitive diagnostic imaging techniques in the management of cardiovascular disease.


Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) of interlobular bile ducts. The ducts with CNSDC are positive for HLA-A, B, C and -DR and also infiltrated and surrounded by immunocompetent cells, suggesting the participation of autoimmune mechanism. Target antigens of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), characteristically and very frequently detected in PBC patients, are closely related to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2 (PDC-E2) which has been recently shown to be expressed abnormally on the luminal side of interlobular bile ducts of PBC. AMAs can inhibit the enzyme activities of PDC-E2. T cells reactive with this enzyme have been recently cloned from the livers with PBC. Although unusual expression of PDC-E2 on the bile ducts, particularly on their luminal side, is observed, it is unclear whether this phenomenon is related primarily or secondarily to the cause of bile duct damages in PBC.


Postpartum contraception in Indonesia is the use or use of contraception immediately after delivery up to 6 weeks (42 days) after delivery. Data from the Health Center of the Northern Region of Kediri City still found mothers who did not use postpartum Contraception. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of counseling on the use of postpartum contraception.  The population in this study was all puerperal mothers in the Health Center Kota North Region of Kediri City. The total sample was 32 respondents with details of 16 treatment groups and 16 control groups. The statistical test used is to use the whitney mann test.The results of this study showed a p value of 0.007 < (α = 0.05), then Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted, meaning that there was a difference in the use of postpartum contraception between the control group and the treatment group at the Health Center Kota North Region of Kediri City in 2022. With the influence of counseling on the use of postpartum Contraception, it is hoped that health workers will carry out routine counseling activities on Contraception to increase the acceptor of postpartum Contraception.


Glucose administration to rodents acutely stimulates leptin secretion. To investigate the mechanism, rats were infused intravenously with various concentrations of glucose, and plasma leptin concentrations were measured with time. The osmolality of the infusates was equalized with various concentrations of carbohydrates that are not metabolized. Hyperosmolar glucose stimulates leptin secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with peak plasma leptin concentrations occurring approximately 3 h after the end of the glucose infusion. Hypertonic infusions of galactose, mannitol, and sodium chloride independently stimulate leptin secretion with approximately one-half the strength of equivalent osmolar concentrations of glucose. Peak plasma leptin concentrations occur approximately 4 h after the end of the hypertonic solution infusion. Hypertonic solutions of mannitol do not stimulate leptin secretion in vasopressin-deficient or in adrenalectomized animals. In conclusion, intravenous infusions of hypertonic glucose and hypertonic mannitol independently stimulate leptin secretion. Hyperosmolality stimulates leptin secretion by a vasopressin-adrenal mechanism.


s. PHYTOPHARM 2012 M 32 Obzory po kliniceskoj farmacologii i lekarstvennoj terapii [Reviews of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy] ТОМ 10/2012/2 als on 392 patients with verified diagnoses of lambliasis and opisthorchiasis. Thus, it testifies about its antiparasitic activity. The karaganda pharmaceutical complex was constructed and put into operation on the basis of holding «Phytochemistry». The complex has capacity of 2 millions ampoules, 150 millions tablets, capsules and 2 millions soft dosage forms of original competitive phytopreparations. Attempts to restore cholinergic function have been considered as a rational target to improve the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. One therapeutic option is the use of AChE inhibitors which block this key enzyme in the breakdown of acetylcholine (1). during the last decade the use of herbal medicinal preprations in dementia therapy has been studied based on traditional medicine (2). Gum ammoniacum is a gum-resin from Dorema ammoniacum d. don which has been used in Unani and iranian traditional medicine for several indications. A previous study showed AChE inhibitory activity for a dichloromethane extract of this resin (3). The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of active compounds from gum ammoniacum. Extraction of the resin was performed by sonification with dichloromethane. The extract was investigated by a respective colorimetric microplate assay and the active zones were identified via TlC bioautography. Then the active compounds were isolated using several chromatographic techniques such as vacuum liquid chromatography, column chromatography and counter current chromatography. The structures of the active components were characterized by different methods such as one and two-dimensional h and C NMR spectroscopy (COSy, TOCSy, hSqC, hMbC, NOESy) and mass spectrometry. Two spirosesquiterpenoidic chromadiones were characterized as active components and one of them is a new compound. Their iC 50 values for AChE inhibitory activity were determined by microplate assay as 77 and 100 μg/ml. The extract was analyzed by hPlC to determine the concentration of active compounds in the extract. References: (1) howes MJ, houghton PJ. 2003. Pharmacol biochem behav. 75: 513–527. (2) Andrade C, Sudha S, Venkataraman bV. 2000. J ECT. 16: 144–156. (3) Adhami hR, farsam h, krenn l. 2011. Phytother Res. 25: 1148–1152. EFFECT OF MARJORAM POWDER (ORIGANUMMAJORANA L.) AS ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTER SUBSTITUTIONS ON PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY OF BROILER CHICKS © Aghdam Shahryar Habib , Akhavan Movahed Iman , Toghyani Majid 2 department of Animal Science, Shabestar branch, islamic Azad University, Shabestar, iran department of Animal Science, khorasgan branch, islamic Azad University, isfahan, iran This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of marjoram powder (origanummajorana l.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance and immune responses in broiler chicks. Three hundred day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into four treatment groups included: control (basal diet), antibiotic (flavophospholipol) and marjoram powder at levels of 2 and 4 g/kg in basal diet. body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were recorded at 14, 28 and 46 d. Antibody titer against Newcastle and Avian influenza (h9 N2) viruses at 26 d (14 d post immunization), SRbC at 32 d (6 d post immunization) and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio at 42 d were measured. Results showed that the birds fed the 2 or 4 g/kg marjoram powder had higher final body weight than other treatments (P < 0.05). feed consumption in antibiotic group was significantly decreased. feed conversion ratio was not affected by dietary treatments. Antibody titer against Newcastle and influenza viruses were elevated in broiler chicks fed 4 g/kg marjoram powder (P < 0.05). Antibody titer against SRbC, albumin to globulin ratio and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were not affected by dietary treatments. These results suggest that A NEW SPIRO-SESQUITERPENOIDIC CHROMANDIONE FROM GUM AMMONIACUM WITH ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY © Adhami H. R. , Kaehlig H. , Zehl M. , Krenn L. 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Austria Institute of organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria


Communication has an important role in human life because communication is also to convey messages that can express and interpret somethings. They use language to communicate with others, to tell someone about something, to show their intention or feelings, and to deliver information. English is an international language used as the language of communication between all countries around the world. This research describes analyzing how the implementation of direct method in learning english conversation at Al Khawarizmi Muhammadiyah Statistic Dormitory.

The method of this research is qualitative research. The subjects studied are preferred by those who are very understanding and involved in the implementation of language programs in the dormitory. They are supervisor, teacher, daily manager and participants of this research are male or boy students of Al Khawarizmi Muhammadiyah Statistic Dormitory generation 2016, 2017, 2018.

Based on the results of the research that has been carried out on the implementation of the direct method in learning conversations in the Al Khawarizmi Muhammadiyah Statistic dormitory is way or tool to achieve a goal. Before learning activities begin the instructor explains about the learning objectives that will be achieved to students. After the teacher explains the learning objectives, other things including the application of methods are the stages in English learning activities, especially English conversations. The stages of learning activities are divided into three, namely Initial Activity, Core Activity and End Activity. Some of the advantages of implementing direct methods in conversation learning, including: With discipline to listen and use patterns of dialogue regularly. The learning process will take place well, if the individual each student who learns has a high interest in learning and practicing English in daily activities in the hostel. In fact all students in Al Khawarizmi Muhammadiyah Statistic Dormitory are not all able to speak fluently in English using the form of learning manifestations in the English conversation.


Cihat Burak, born on August 8, 1915, in Istanbul, died in the same city on March 13, 1994. The artist, completed his secondary education at the Galatasaray High School, continued his education in the architecture department of the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts. The artist, completed his bachelor's degree in 1943, started his fir st job at the general directorate of TEKEL (the Turkish tobacco and alcoholic beverages company) in Ankara. In 1952, he went to France via the United Nations scholarship. In 1965, he came back to his homeland. In those years, he both continued on his artworks and joined several significant projects as an architect. Cihat Burak gave examples from various lives belonged to those years in his indoor and outdoor works to be addressed to the social structure in that period. The artist interpreted pattern and space deformation distinctively that were managed consciously in his artworks by combining with a humorous narration. In his artworks, the traces of his power of imagination and the effect of his childish genuineness are seen. In his paintings dominated dark colours, he narrated the figures in a certain perspective composition by piling on the surface. He included a narration like a tale in every single part of his paintings. The artist mentioned subjects regarding social realism besides city life which had characteristics of popular culture. He used the line as a main narration of his paintings and captured a dynamic view with wiggly brush strokes. The contour line that he used in the figures provided independent patterns of each other to arise. The artist painted the figures in his paintings in order of their priorities and in accordance with the theme he worked. In addition, he used second dimension in his works. His paintings, traced with Turkish miniature art, gathered traditional and modern art together. In this study, qualitative data analysis was conducted and archival literature was held. Printed and electronic sources of various journals, books, articles and theses were used. As a result of the research, it was determined that the artist humorously transferred the social and cultural structure of the period he lived in to the canvas.

https://www.ijoess.com/Makaleler/873974864_16. 1053-1068 serpil yayman ataseven.pdf


A novel level doubling network (LDN) based multilevel inverter (MLI) topology is proposed in this paper. The LDN takes only two switches, which is formed by half-bridge inverter to almost double the number of output voltage levels. The concept (of the proposed LDN) has the capability of self-balancing during positive and negative cycles without any closed-loop control/algorithm. The topology has uses a symmetric cascaded H-bridge MLI. The proposed self-balanced multilevel inverter has eliminates the harmonics level and reduces the number number of switches and losses; which has provide better results compares with conventional six bridge multilevel inverter. The simulation results are verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK model.


ABSTRACT Objectives: to construct and validate an educational video storyboard about care for premature newborns at home. Methods: a methodological study, with the construction of an educational video storyboard, validated with 14 judges. Content was selected from scoping review. For data collection, a validated instrument was used. The criterion for validity was agreement greater than 80%, analyzed using the Content Validity Index. Results: the storyboard construction was guided by the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning theoretical framework. Construction and validity took place from May to December 2020. The storyboard's final version lasted 10 minutes, and was validated in terms of objective, structure, presentation and relevance, with a Content Validity Index of 0.9. Conclusions: the storyboard of the educational video proved to be valid and adequate for health promotion in developing care for premature newborns at home.


The effects of amylomaize starch on rat mineral metabolism were studied. To elucidate the role of bacterial fermentation, the effects of amylomaize starch were compared in germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) rats. A purified diet, sterilized by irradiation and containing either maize starch (M) or amylomaize starch (A), was fed to the rats. Feed intake was similar in all groups of rats except GF rats fed amylomaize starch ad libitum, whose feed intake was higher. One group of GF rats received amylomaize starch in restricted amounts (pair-fed rats). A balance study of energy, nitrogen and minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) was performed. Apparent absorption of Mg, P, Na, K and Zn (expressed as a percentage of the amount ingested) was lower in GF rats fed amylomaize starch than in GF rats fed maize starch. Since feed intake was higher in GF rats fed amylomaize starch ad libitum than in rats fed maize starch, mineral absorption (expressed in milligrams per day) was not reduced in rats fed ad libitum, whereas it was reduced in pair-fed rats. Mineral retention was similar in GF rats fed ad libitum, but was reduced in pair-fed rats. In CV rats fed amylomaize starch, cecal weight and cecal volatile fatty acids concentration were higher than those in CV rats fed maize starch. Apparent absorption of N and P was lower and that of Ca, Mg and Fe was higher in CV rats fed amylomaize starch than in rats fed maize starch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The development of an empty sella syndrome is a well recognized complication in the treatment of pituitary tumours and usually presents with visual failure. Transsphenoidal chiasmopexy has been successful in reversing the visual loss when performed in the acute stage. A case, where a delay of 18 months in the surgery does not appear to have affected the outcome, is presented and the literature reviewed.