We gave cryoprecipitate to six patients with uremia and bleeding times prolonged to more than 15 minutes. After the infusion, all patients had shortened bleeding times; the times of five became normal. In four patients control of major bleeding episodes was attained, and five underwent major surgical or invasive procedures, with good hemostasis. After infusion the time before the nadir of the bleeding time was reached was between one and 12 hours. The bleeding time returned to pretreatment levels by 24 hours after infusion in five patients, and by 36 hours in the other patient. Platelet-aggregation studies before infusion gave normal results in three patients and abnormal results in three. There wasno change after infusion. Before infusion, levels of Factor VIII coagulant activity and Factor VIII von Willebrand activity were normal, Factor VIII-related antigen was increased, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Factor VIII-related antigen was normal. Our findings suggest that cryoprecipitate can temporarily correct the bleeding tendency in patients with uremia.


This paper examines international capital flows to emerging and developing countries. We assess whether commonalities exist, the permanence of shocks to commonalities and their determinants. Also, we consider individual country coherence with global capital flows and we measure the extent of co-movements in the volatility of capital flows. Our results suggest there are commonalities in capital inflows, although aggregate or disaggregate capital flows respond differently to shocks. We find that the US long run real interest rate is an important determinant of global capital flows, and real commodity prices are relevant but to a lesser extent. We also find a role for human capital in explaining why some countries can successfully ride the wave of financial globalisation.


It's important to realize that CPOE is not a plug-and-play system. Prescribers should enter at least 75% of medication orders via system. There's such a thing as too many alerts.


Raising the level of abstraction is an important research topic in the context of software for mobile and embedded devices. Model Driven Software Development techniques have been recognized for their ability to provide this abstraction by separating domain specific aspects from their technical implementation. Traditionally, such approaches rely on static code generation, which does not fit well in an evolving, collaborating system managed by multiple participating organizations. In order to support such dynamically (re-)configuring Virtual Organizations with high, domain specific abstraction levels, the presented approach is based on loosely coupled, run-time executed Model Based Software Components (MBSC). An MBSC is defined and implemented by potentially multiple distinct models covering all necessary domain-specific aspects (e.g. behavior, data) of the component. MBSCs are deployed to a distributed runtime architecture, where they reside in model-based component containers. System evolution during operation is supported by these plugin-extensible containers, which support additional kinds of MBSC models. A scenario for a building access system that consists of MBSCs owned by independent, yet cooperating organizations (facility management, security, departments), is analyzed in this paper. Finally, several system evolution use cases are discussed.


The expression of the Wilms' tumor gene (wt1) was detected in various tissues during embryonic development. Mutations in the wt1 gene probably play an important role in certain tumors, e.g. the Wilms' tumor. Furthermore the expression of wt1 gene was found in some human leukemias. In the present study we investigated the expression of wt1 gene in several types of childhood leukemia by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Bone marrow or peripheral blood of 61 pediatric patients (48 at initial diagnosis, 13 at first or second relapse) were analyzed. wt1 gene expression was detected in 35/48 patients (73%) with newly diagnosed leukemias and in 12/13 cases (92%) who had suffered from relapse. The expression levels were higher for AML than for ALL. The frequency of wt1 expression in different subtypes of acute leukemia was compared with results found in adult patients. Our results show that the frequency of wt1 gene expression in acute childhood leukemias is similar to previous data reported for adults.


Psychological treatments for personality disorders have not yet reached a level of protocol as specific as to describe inter-ventions for each session. This could be due to the heterogeneity of cases that make it difficult to design a protocol. Treatments are then based on case conceptualizations supported by theories that determine the objectives and interven-tions performed. The difficulty to conceptualize from a particular model may be a reason that psychotherapists find prob-lems to make the most appropriate treatment. Addressing this problem, we have designed 'Professional schematic-guides' to improve the practice of personality disorders psychotherapy. These one-page-guides were created to have them in front of you during the sessions, to conceptualize cases and easily guide the interventions from the model of Beck, Freeman, Davis and others (2005).


Introduction: The examination of the geologic history of the Saturnian satellites is a major goal of the Cassini imaging experiment (ISS). Crater counting for the determination of model ages is a powerful tool to understand stratigraphic relationships between different terrain units. Methods: We assume that Iapetus holds a lunarlike cratering record. That is indicated by the shapes of the measured crater-size frequency distributions which follow very closely the distribution of earth's moon on an interval of three orders of magnitude in crater size [1], (fig.1). This fact implies a similar behavior of the target material as well. To take into account different impact velocities between earth's moon and the Saturnian satellites, we have to shift the lunar-size frequency distribution horizontally to match our measurements. In case of Iapetus the lunar curve is shifted by a factor of 5.6 to smaller crater diameters. The shift in vertical direction is the indicator for the age of the measured surface unit. An age of 4.5622 to 4.5647 Gyr was published for Iapetus by [2] based on [3]. A cooling time of about 100 Myr is assumed for creation of a rigid crust, capable to hold the cratering record [2]. Hence we use the oldest surface units as marker horizons to calibrate our dating technique for Iapetus and other mid-sized Saturnian satellites. Results: Following the models of [2] and [1], an age of 4.4 Gyr is expected for the oldest parts of Iapetus's surface. Based on these models, we measured different ages at neighboring morphologic units. A small part of the equatorial ridge near 96°W longitude and an "average" dark terrain sample north of the ridge shows densely cratered surfaces which represent the most ancient areas (~4.4 Gyr). The central areas of two basins on the leading side at 34°N/80°W and 20°N/20°W, as well as another basin on the trailing side at 40°S/260°W are featuring slightly younger ages of about 4.3 Gyr. The "landslide" crater (diameter ~120 km; 6°N/36°W) and the landslide itself are sparsely cratered with a model age of 4.1 Gyr. These might be among the youngest areas on Iapetus. Small bright craters within dark terrain. The examination of the most recent data (targeted flyby on Sep 10, 2007, [4]) with spatial resolutions down to 10 m/pxl revealed a set of relatively bright and therefore presumably young craters on the dark side. From this data set we estimated the timescale and development of the darkening process. It was approximated by a power function which shows a steep drop at the youngest ages (fig.2). The crater brightness drops to 1/3 of the initial value in the order of 10 yr and to 1/5 in the order of 10 yr. The transition to the complete darkening is hard to define but is in the order of about 1 Gyr. In addition we will present data of other landslides and average areas on the bright trailing side of Iapetus. Furthermore, data of the major units of other Saturnian satellites like Mimas and Enceladus will be presented for comparison with Iapetus. Mimas is characterized by heavily cratered plains, which indicates a high surface age similar to Iapetus. Enceladus, on the contrary, contains areas of very young age, but also terrains which have been formed billions of years ago. References: [1] Neukum, G. et al. (2006) 1st EPSC, Berlin, p.610. [2] Castillo-Rogez J.C. et al. (2007) Icarus, 179-202. [3] Amelin, Y. et al. (2002) Science 297, 1678-1683. [4] Denk, T. et al. (2008), LPS XXXIX, Houston.


Marine-terminating glaciers, such as those along the coastline of Greenland, often release meltwater into the ocean in the form of subglacial discharge plumes. Though these plumes can dramatically alter the mass loss along the front of a glacier, the conditions surrounding their genesis remain poorly constrained. In particular, little is known about the geometry of subglacial outlets and the extent to which seawater may intrude into them. Here, the latter is addressed by exploring the dynamics of an arrested salt wedge – a steady-state, two-layer flow system where salty water partially intrudes a channel carrying fresh water. Building on existing theory, we formulate a model that predicts the length of a non-entraining salt wedge as a function of the Froude number, the slope of the channel and coefficients for interfacial and wall drag. In conjunction, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to observe a salt wedge within a rectangular channel. For experiments conducted with laminar flow (Reynolds number $Re<800$), good agreement with theoretical predictions are obtained when the drag coefficients are modelled as being inversely proportional to $Re$. However, for fully turbulent flows on geophysical scales, these drag coefficients are expected to asymptote toward finite values. Adopting reasonable drag coefficient estimates for this flow regime, our theoretical model suggests that typical subglacial channels may permit seawater intrusions of the order of several kilometres. While crude, these results indicate that the ocean has a strong tendency to penetrate subglacial channels and potentially undercut the face of marine-terminating glaciers.


The review presents an analysis of the literature on the diagnosis of brain tumors and the study of their structural and biological features based on application of nuclear imaging: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) with different radiopharmaceuticals (RPHs), especially amino acids (11C-L-methionine and 18F-FET). It is shown PET-CT and SPECT allow to noninvasively study the most important biochemical processes underlying the oncogenesis. The obtained data can be crucial for an early detection of tumor lesion, staging the pathological process, personalization of treatment, evaluation of the efficiency of therapy and prognosis of the oncologic disease outcome.


We describe an inexpensive alternative to conventional hydrophones for measuring ultrasonic fields. The hydrophone, composed of common laboratory supplies, depends on the acoustoelectric (AE) effect, a well-known interaction between electrical current and pressure. Beam patterns of a 540 kHz annular transducer captured using a bowtie graphite hydrophone were consistent with patterns obtained using conventional, more expensive hydrophones. The AE signal was proportional to both the applied bias current (1.83 µV/mA) and pressure (13.3 µV/MPa) with sensitivity better than 50 kPa. Disposable AE hydrophones may be an attractive alternative for clinical applications that require close monitoring of high intensity acoustic fields.


Abstract The purpose of this study was (a) to assess lactate accumulation during isometric exercise, and to quantify the shifts in accumulation following isometric training; and (b) to relate any training-induced changes in lactate accumulation to reductions in resting blood pressure. Eleven male participants undertook isometric training for a 4-week period using bilateral-leg exercise. Training caused reductions in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial resting blood pressure (of −4.9 ± 6.3 mmHg, P = 0.01; −2.6 ± 3.0 mmHg, P = 0.01; and −2.6 ± 2.3 mmHg, P = 0.001 respectively; mean ± s). These were accompanied by changes in muscle activity, taken as electromyographic activity to reach a given lactate concentration (from 114 ± 22 to 131 ± 27 mV and from 136 ± 25 to 155 ± 34 mV for 3 and 4 mmol · L−1 respectively. Training intensity expressed relative to peak lactate was correlated with reduced resting systolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Training caused significant shifts in lactate accumulation, and reductions in resting blood pressure are strongly related to training intensity, when expressed relative to pre-training peak lactate. This suggests that higher levels of local muscle anaerobiosis may promote the training-induced reductions in resting blood pressure.


This paper examines the strategic rationale behind the formation of Canada's Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA). COSIA's members account for ninety percent of the total production in the Oil Sands. COSIA's main goals are to improve the industry's environmental performance and to increase oil production in the Oil Sands in a sustainable fashion. The analysis shows that knowledge sharing reduces each member's pollution abatement cost. The total amount of knowledge shared within COSIA rises as membership expands. If COSIA coordinates R&D activities, free-riding effects are mitigated, and COSIA's environmental performance improves. COSIA generates win-win effects for industry and global society.


In the present study, nanostructured β-Cd(OH)2 adsorbent was synthesized, characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis, and applied for Cr(VI) ions capturing (adsorption) from environmental aqueous samples. The central composite design of 18 adsorption experiments was employed for multivariate sorption optimization. Maximum adsorption (%) of Cr(VI) ions was calculated and found to be 98.5% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 3.5 at optimum concentration 15 mg L–1, pH 4.0, adsorbent dosage 50 mg, shaking time 20 min and shaking speed 120 rpm at 25°C. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms fitted well to adsorption data with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993, 0.982 and 0.994, respectively. Mono-layered (Qm) and multi-layered (Kf) capacities of β-Cd(OH)2 adsorbent for Cr(VI) ions retention were calculated and found to be 202.02 ± 2.0 and 4.95 ± 2.5 mg g–1, respectively. Sorption energy was calculated and found to be 8.45 ± 2.0 kJ mol–1, indicated chemisorption or ion exchange mechanism for Cr(VI) ions adsorption onto β-Cd(OH)2 adsorbent.


This study investigated the influence of intertrial interval duration on the performance of autistic children during teaching situations. The children were taught under the same conditions existing in their regular programs, except that the length of time between trials was systematically manipulated. With both multiple baseline and repeated reversal designs, two lengths of intertrial interval were employed; short intervals with the SD for any given trial presented approximately one second following the reinforcer for the previous trial versus long intervals with the SD presented four or more seconds following the reinforcer for the previous trial. The results showed that: (1) the short intertrial intervals always produced higher levels of correct responding than the long intervals; and (2) there were improving trends in performance and rapid acquisition with the short intertrial intervals, in contrast to minimal or no change with the long intervals. The results are discussed in terms of utilizing information about child and task characteristics in terms of selecting optimal intervals. The data suggest that manipulations made between trials have a large influence on autistic children's learning.


Objective: To test the accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) for the quantification of abdominal fat in correlation with the anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical assessments. Materials and Methods: Using ultrasound and CT, we determined the thickness of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat in 101 subjects-of whom 39 (38.6%) were men and 62 (61.4%) were women-with a mean age of 66.3 years (60-80 years). The ultrasound data were correlated with the anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters, as well as with the areas measured by abdominal CT. Results: Intra-abdominal thickness was the variable for which the correlation with the areas of abdominal fat was strongest (i.e., the correlation coefficient was highest). We also tested the reproducibility of ultrasound and CT for the assessment of abdominal fat and found that CT measurements of abdominal fat showed greater reproducibility, having higher intraobserver and interobserver reliability than had the ultrasound measurements. There was a significant correlation between ultrasound and CT, with a correlation coefficient of 0.71. Conclusion: In the assessment of abdominal fat, the intraobserver and interobserver reliability were greater for CT than for ultrasound, although both methods showed high accuracy and good reproducibility.


The healing of gastric ulcer is a complicated process that involves the proliferation of epithelial and endothelial cells and the concerted actions of a wide range of growth factors. Prostaglandins play an important role in ulcer healing. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is markedly upregulated around the margins of gastric ulcers and its inhibition leads to a delay of ulcer healing. Several of the growth factors that promote ulcer healing may work in part through COX-2-dependent mechanisms. Angiogenesis, which is crucial to ulcer healing, is tightly regulated by growth factors. Treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors appears to alter the balance of serum levels of growth factors, favoring an inhibition of angiogenesis. Given the importance of COX-2 in regulating ulcer healing, caution should be taken in the use of selective inhibitors of COX-2 by patients at risk of ulcer disease.


Introduction: Antidepressants are used to treat a variety of chronic pain conditions including peripheral neuropathy, headache, and more recently, fibromyalgia. The antidepressant milnacipran blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin and is used for the management of fibromyalgia. Areas covered: The article contains data primarily obtained from the MEDLINE database using a PubMed search of the keywords including milnacipran, fibromyalgia and depression. Of the available serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, milnacipran has greater potency in inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine relative to serotonin and is proposed to work by attenuating pain signals. Milnacipran is well tolerated and effective for fibromyalgia pain when given in divided doses of 100 – 200 mg daily. Studies show that milnacipran may be effective for fibromyalgia-associated symptoms including depression and fatigue. Expert opinion: Milnacipran provides modest fibromyalgia pain relief and is best used as part of a multidisciplinary treatment approach. While milnacipran was not studied in fibromyalgia patients with major depression, it may be a wise choice for fibromyalgia patients with depressive symptoms and patients for whom sedation, dizziness, edema or weight gain with gabapentin and pregabalin is a problem. Milnacipran has been found to be beneficial for treating some troublesome fibromyalgia-associated symptoms, including fatigue and cognitive dysfunction.


In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to guide and assist practitioners supporting software architecture and design activities in agile environments. Software architecture and design is the skeleton of a system. It defines how the system has to behave in terms of different functional and non-functional requirements. Currently, a clear specification of software architectural design activities and processes in agile environments does not exist. Our methodology describes in detail the phases in the agile software design process and proposes techniques and tools to implement these phases.


This paper presents a low-cost computer vision system for real time traffic monitoring. The prototype built up simply consists of a PC (or a laptop) and a web-cam camera. The hardware configuration, the software structure and the basic image processing algorithms are presented. The prototype was tested in real scene under different nature lighting conditions and showed reasonable results. After an evaluation on the results obtained, the further work needed to improve the robustness of the system is given.


For the space of functions that can be approximated by linear chirps, we prove a reconstruction theorem by random sampling at arbitrary rates.


&NA; The long-term results were reviewed for seventy-two patients (seventy-five knees) who had had a bone-patellar ligament-bone intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament between August 1984 and May 1992. The mean age of the patients at the time of the operation was forty-five years (range, forty to sixty years). Three patients had a bilateral procedure. The primary mechanisms of injury were accidents that occurred during skiing (thirty-two knees), tennis (fourteen knees), and soccer (five knees). We analyzed the responses to subjective questionnaires, the functional results, and the objective clinical data.The clinical examination included assessment of the range of motion, performance of Lachman and pivot-shift tests, and measurements with use of a KT-1000 arthrometer. All knees were evaluated with use of three common rating scales: that of Lysholm and Gillquist; that of The Hospital for Special Surgery, as modified by Insall et al.; and the International Knee Ligament Standard Evaluation Form. At the latest follow-up evaluation, at a mean of fifty-five months (range, twenty-six to 117 months), three patients reported pain or swelling. No patient reported giving-way or symptoms related to the patello-femoral joint. The mean range of extension was -12 to 6 degrees, compared with -8 to 42 degrees preoperatively, and the mean range of flexion was 112 to 150 degrees, compared with 52 to 154 degrees preoperatively. Flexion was limited to 112 degrees in one patient, but this was 5 degrees greater than that of the uninvolved knee. Sixty knees (80 per cent) had a negative pivot-shift test, and ten knees (13 per cent) had a grade of 1+. On testing with the KT-1000 device at maximum manual pressure, the mean difference between the injured and uninjured knees was found to have improved by 5.1 millimeters, from 6.4 millimeters preoperatively to 1.4 millimeters postoperatively (p < 0.01). The grade on the International Knee Ligament Standard Evaluation Form improved markedly; seventy-two knees (96 per cent) had a grade of C or D preoperatively, whereas seventy knees (93 per cent) had a grade of A or B postoperatively. The Hospital for Special Surgery score improved from a mean of 69 points preoperatively to a mean of 92 points postoperatively (p < 0.01). The mean score according to the scale of Lysholm and Gillquist increased from a mean of 63 points preoperatively to a mean of 94 points postoperatively (p < 0.01). All patients indicated that they were pleased with the result of the procedure.Bicycling was resumed at a mean of four months; jogging, at a mean of nine months; skiing, at a mean of ten months; and tennis, at a mean of twelve months.


The article presents he results of definition of teaching efficiency the integrated course of natural sciences in 10 classes. This course combines theoretical knowledge with complex laboratory works. The testing was carried out on the questions th a t have word-outlook orientation, which were studied in the section of natural sciences course «The Structure of the Universe on large scale». In the process of testing results analysis the graphic methods of results representation, statistical processing of the received data by Pirson criterion (criterion of 6-square) were used. These results indicate the formation of theoretical generalizations, and the formation o f initial scientific and world-outlook ideas among the pupils of experimental classes, while among the schoolchildren of control classes these ideas practically have not been changed. On the basis of the received data the conclusion is made that the subject of natural sciences in the 10 classes due to its integrative character, organic combination of the theory and laboratory works contributes to the effective formation of modern world outlook of the pupils.


Recurrent deletion and duplication of ∼743 kilobases of unique genomic sequence and segmental duplications at chromosome 16p11.2 underlie a reciprocal genomic disorder (RGD; OMIM 611913 and 614671) associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric phenotypes, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). To define molecular alterations associated with the 16p11.2 RGD, we performed transcriptome analyses of mice with reciprocal copy number variants (CNVs) of the syntenic chromosome 7qF3 region and human neuronal models derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying CRISPR-engineered CNVs at 16p11.2. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mouse cortex, striatum, cerebellum and three non-brain tissues, as well as in human neural stem cells and induced glutamatergic neurons revealed that the strongest and most consistent effects occurred within the CNV sequence, with notable instances of differential expression of genes in the immediate vicinity that could reflect position effect. While differential expression of genes outside of chromosome 16p11.2 was largely region, tissue, and cell type-specific, a small but significant minority of such DEGs was shared between brain regions or human cell types. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses to identify cellular processes dysregulated due to these CNVs found support in select circumstances for terms related to energy metabolism, RNA metabolism, and translation but did not reveal a single universally affected process. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified modules that showed significant correlation with reciprocal or individual CNV genotype and better captured shared effects, indicating that energy metabolism, RNA metabolism, translation and protein targeting were disrupted across all three brain regions. The first two of these processes also emerged in the human neural stem cell (NSC) data. A subset of co-expression modules that correlated with CNV genotype revealed significant enrichments for known neurodevelopmental disorder genes, loss-of-function constrained genes, FMRP targets, and chromatin modifiers. Intriguingly, neuronal differentiation of the hiPSCs revealed that both the deletion and duplication CNV resulted in similar deficits in neurite extension and branching and alterations in electrical activity. Finally, generation of cerebral organoid derivatives indicated that the CNVs reciprocally altered the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory GABAergic neurons generated during in vitro neurodevelopment, consistent with a major mechanistic hypothesis for ASD. Collectively, our data suggest that the 16p11.2 RGD involves disruption of multiple biological processes, with a relative impact that is context-specific. Perturbation of individual and multiple genes within the CNV region will be required to dissect single-gene effects, uncover regulatory interactions, and define how each contributes to abnormal neurodevelopment.


Cross-country regressions, reported in this paper for 1960-99 period, seem to suggest that the accumulation of foreign exchange reserves (FER) contributes to economic growth of a developing economy by increasing both the investment/GDP ratio and capital productivity. We offer the following interpretation of these stylized facts: (1) FER accumulation causes real exchange rate (RER) undervaluation that is expansionary in the short run and may have long term effects, if such devaluations are carried out periodically and unexpectedly; (2) RER undervaluation allows to take full advantages of export externality and triggers export-led growth; (3) FER build up attracts foreign direct investment because it increases the credibility of the government of a recipient country and lowers the dollar price of real assets. A three-sector model of endogenous economic growth (including a consumer good sector, investment good sector and an export trade sector) is suggested to demonstrate how undervaluation may improve social welfare. Concepts of FER accumulation trajectories and equilibrium trajectories are introduced. It is demonstrated that small udervaluation of the equilibrium exchange rate may be wealth improving.


Background and aim: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) frequently complicates preterm birth and leads to significant long-term morbidity. Predictive tools determining an infant9s risk of developing BPD are needed, enabling tailored treatment for infants at high risk. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if simple lung mechanics obtained from flow data from a mechanical ventilator can predict BPD in extremely preterm infants. Methods: 21 preterm neonates with mean gestational age 25.9 weeks (25.3, 26.5) who needed mechanical ventilator support during their first day of life were studied. Raw bi-directional flow data from the ventilator were logged for minimum 20 minutes. By special software, the flow data files were converted to volume as a function of time, and after visual inspection of the traces and selection of minimum 100 consecutive breaths, different breathing parameters were calculated and averaged. 13 of the infants later developed moderate or severe BPD, while the remaining 8 developed no or only mild BPD. Results: Fe50 (flow at 50% exhaled volume as ratio of peak flow) differed significantly in the two groups, being larger in the moderate/severe BPD group: 68.0 (CI 52.0, 84.0) vs. 84.4 (CI 80.1, 88.6), p=0.011. The parameters Fe75, Tptef/Te and FVg did not differ significantly, but they all consistently tended to be lower in the no/mild BPD group. There were no differences in the two groups according to GA, birth weight, gender or ventilator support at the time of data logging. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that flow data obtained from ventilators during the first hours of life may help to predict later BPD in preterm neonates.


The Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3, BiFe0.85Mn0.15O3, and Bi0.85Nd0.15Fe0.85Mn0.15O3 ferrites solid solutions were synthesized and their crystal structure, magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion, electrical conductivity, thermo-EMF and dielectric properties were studied. It was found that Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3 and BiFe0.85Mn0.15O3 had rhombohedral structure (space group R3c), but Bi0.85Nd0.15Fe0.85Mn0.15O3 one had orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma) and all the complex oxides studied were the antiferromagnetic semiconductors of p-type, which electrical conductivity values were larger than for unsubstituted bismuth ferrite BiFeO3, Neel temperature and thermo-EMF coefficient sharply decreased at partial substitution of iron by manganese and linear thermal expansion coefficient values varied within (10.0-13.4)·10 - 6 K -1 . The values of charge carriers transfer parameters in (Bi,Nd)(Fe,Mn)O3 phases were calculated.


Summary We conducted a systematic review of studies involving telemedicine supervision of active treatment for rural patients in the fields of stroke, medical oncology and nephrology. Searches were performed on the MEDLINE, CINAHL and INFORMIT databases. A total of 521 articles were found, and an additional 42 articles were identified by searching the reference lists. After removing duplicates, screening the abstracts and assessing the full text of the articles, 14 articles remained. Nine concerned telestroke, two concerned tele-oncology and three concerned teledialysis. Most studies did not undertake randomisation, allocation concealment or selective outcome reporting making their risk of bias high. There were no randomised controlled trials and most sample sizes were small. Observational studies in telestroke showed favourable outcomes when comparing face-to-face and videoconferencing-assisted thrombolysis, with no significant differences between survival and intracerebral bleeds. Although tele-oncology has been used routinely for more than 20 years, there have been few formal studies. Home dialysis supervised through videoconferencing had similar patient outcomes compared to hospital dialysis. Telemedicine supervision of active treatment for rural patients appears promising, but more rigorous studies of effectiveness, feasibility and safety are required.


This article studies the strategic disciplinary and productive function of the colonial penal system of the Dutch East Indies (1816–1942). Developing convict labour as the main punishment for minor public and labour offences, the Dutch colonial regime created an increasingly effective system of exploitation that weaved together colonial discipline, control, and coercion. This system was based on two major carceral connections : firstly, the interrelated development and employment of different coerced labour regimes, and, secondly, the disciplinary role of the legal-carceral regime within the wider colonial project, supporting not only the management of public order and labour control, but also colonial production systems. Punishment of colonial subjects through "administrative justice" (police law) accelerated in the second half of the nineteenth century, leading to an explosion in the number of convictions. The convict labour force produced by this carceral regime was vital for colonial production, supporting colonial goals such as expansion, infrastructure, extraction, and production. The Dutch colonial system was a very early, but quite advanced, case of a colonial carceral state.


Series Editor's Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to First Edition. Preface to Second Edition. Part I: On Using Research: Sources of Decision Making. The Nature of Research. Part II: Children and Their Families: Issues for Research and Practice: When do Children First Form Attachments to Other People? How Long Can the Formation of the First Attachment Be Delayed? When Does Maternal Bonding Occur? Is There a 'Blood Bond'? Are Children Born by the New Reproductive Technologies at Risk? Do Women Make Better Parents than Men? Do Children Need a Parent of Each Sex? Does Separation from Parents Cause Psychological Trauma? Does Maternal Deprivation Bring About Long-term Damage? Should Mothers Go Out to Work? Is Group Daycare Bad for Young Children? Are Children Harmed by their Parents' Divorce? Does Marital Conflict Affect Children's Well-being? Can Children From Love Relationships to New Parent-figures? Does Parental Pathology Lead to Child Pathology? Do Early Problems Continue into Later Life? Does Family Poverty Affect Psychological Development? Who Becomes Antisocial? Is Physical Punishment Psychologically Harmful? Who are the Vulnerable Children? Part III: A View of Childhood: Some General Themes. A Concluding Note of Optimism. References. Name Index. Subject Index.


Fortification of plain and chocolate coated date bars with soy protein isolate (SPI) and dry skim milk (DSM) in different proportions (1.5% SPI + 10.5% DSM; 3.0% SPI + 7.0% DSM and 4.5% SPI + 3.5% DSM) resulted in an increase of protein, fat, fiber, ash, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, and all the essential amino acids. The chemical score increased from 48 to a range of 83–95. The in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) values (77.8–81.8%) and calculated protein efficiency ratios (C-PERs) of the fortified bars (2.40–2.47) were close to the IVPD (90.0%) and C-PER (2.50) of ANRC-casein. In general, sensory evaluation indicated no difference in the control and fortified date bars, which were stored up to six months. 1.5% SPI + 10.5% DSM was the optimum level of supplementation in terms of nutritive benefit.


Schizophrenia is one of the major and potentially severe mental illnesses. Even with best practices, there are limitations to the effectiveness of treatments that include medications for this disorder. Relapse rates are high and often those with the illness remain symptomatic and functionally impaired. All the evidence suggests that individuals with schizophrenia do best with a combination of pharmacological and psychosocial intervention. One psychosocial treatment that has received much attention is cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). This brief review will address what we know about the use and effectiveness of CBT at all phases of schizophrenia and its strengths, weaknesses and its future.


Structural coverage metrics, and in particular branch coverage, are popular approaches to measure the thoroughness of test suites. Unfortunately, the presence of elements that are not executable in the program under test and the difficulty of generating test cases for rare conditions impact on the effectiveness of the coverage obtained with current approaches. In this paper, we propose a new approach that combines symbolic execution and symbolic reachability analysis to improve the effectiveness of branch testing. Our approach embraces the ideal definition of branch coverage as the percentage of executable branches traversed with the test suite, and proposes a new bidirectional symbolic analysis for both testing rare execution conditions and eliminating infeasible branches from the set of test objectives. The approach is centered on a model of the analyzed execution space. The model identifies the frontier between symbolic execution and symbolic reachability analysis, to guide the alternation and the progress of bidirectional analysis towards the coverage targets. The experimental results presented in the paper indicate that the proposed approach can both find test inputs that exercise rare execution conditions that are not identified with state-of-the-art approaches and eliminate many infeasible branches from the coverage measurement. It can thus produce a modified branch coverage metric that indicates the amount of feasible branches covered during testing, and helps team leaders and developers in estimating the amount of not-yet-covered feasible branches. The approach proposed in this paper suffers less than the other approaches from particular cases that may trap the analysis in unbounded loops.


Testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (delta 4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral plasma, uterine vein plasma, ovary and placentae within the last 3-4 days of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the uterine vein, T and delta 4 levels were significantly higher than those reported in the peripheral plasma at any particular day of late pregnancy. In peripheral plasma as in uterine vein plasma delta 4 and T gradually decreased from day 20 to term (-63% for delta 4 and approximately -45% for T) whereas DHT concentrations were unchanged. This decline is concomitant with a similar pattern of change in the placentae; indeed placental concentrations of delta 4 and T decreased significantly from day 19 to 22 (-63 and -79%, respectively) and were positively correlated with the levels of both androgens in uterine venous and peripheral plasma. Thus it was concluded that in the late phase of pregnancy in the rat circulating delta 4 and T originate from placentae. In contrast, ovarian androgen concentrations showed a sharp increase from day 21 to term: 58% for DHA, 49% for delta 4, 87% for T and 24% for DHT. It is suggested that these increasing concentrations of ovarian androgens could be related to the next ovulatory cycle.


This study aims to determine the physical quality (water content, water absorption, and density) of corn leaf biscuits and corn husk biscuits compared with field grass biscuits conducted in the Animal Feed laboratory and the Feed Quality Testing Laboratory of the Polytechnic of Agriculture Development Yogyakarta-Magelang. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 6 replications, namely biscuits from field grass and 15% molasses as a control (P0), corn leaf biscuits and 15% molasses (P1) and biscuits from corn husk and molases 15% (P2). The results of P0, P1 and P2 were equally good, in the physical quality test of the absorption capacity and density of feed biscuits. The lowest water content (P<0.05) was found in corn husk biscuits (P2). It was concluded that the biscuits, corn leaves and corn husk produced the same physical quality of water absorption and feed biscuits density, except for the water content, namely corn husk biscuits (P2) had the lowest water content values compared to corn leaf biscuits and field grass biscuits.


As implant therapy becomes more commonplace in daily practice, preservation and preparation of edentulous sites are key. Many times, however, implant therapy may not be considered at the time of tooth extraction and additional measures are not taken to conserve the edentulous site. While the healing process in extraction sockets has been well investigated and bone fill can be expected, there are cases where even when clinicians perform thorough debridement of the sockets, connective tissue infiltration into the socket can occur. This phenomenon, known as "erratic healing," may be associated with factors that lead to peri-implant disease and should be appropriately managed and treated prior to surgical implant placement. This case report describes the successful management of an erratic healing extraction socket in a 62-year-old Caucasian male patient with chronic periodontitis and the outcomes of an evidence-based treatment protocol performed prior to implant therapy. Careful preoperative analysis and cone beam computed tomography imaging can help detect signs of impaired healing in future implant sites and prevent surgical complications.


Though the resurgence of Hindu nationalism as a political phenomenon is well‐understood, Meera Nanda is correct in suggesting that the ascendancy of Hindutva has other dimensions, such as the avent placed by cultural nationalist on 'Vedic science'. However, apart from this rudimentary insight, Nanda's contribution, far from being a resounding demonstration of potmodernism's complicity in the projects of Hindu nationalism, is a striking testament to her own commitment to a rigidly positivist, ferociously intolerant, and intellectually sterile conception of modern science and the Enlightenment rationality which she views as the pinnacle of human achievement. Nanda displays an impoverished understanding of the scholarly contributions of the last three decades and is unable to countenance the idea of a plurality of sciences; at the same time, in veiw of her deliberate conflation of Hindutva with Hinduism, and her attempts to equate Hinduism as such with Nazism, it is clear that Hinduism itself stands condemned, and not merely resurgent Hindu nationalism. Nanda's book is an indiscriminate and uninteresting assault upon the innumerable enemies of reason, and it is, ironically, likely to have the result of further eroding confidence in self‐proclaimed champions of rationality such as herself and the modern science of which she claims herself to be a true and peerless inheritor.


The number of cases of mushroom poisoning is increasing as a result of the increasing popularity of "wild" mushroom consumption. Amanitin and phalloidin cytotoxins found in some Amanita and Galerina species produce the most severe and frequent life-threatening symptoms of Amanita phalloidestype poisoning. Delay in onset of symptoms, individual susceptibility variation and lack of rapid and reliable identification have contributed to the significant morbidity and mortality of this type of poisoning.A rapid chromatographic assay for identifying the potent cytotoxins and apparently successful management using thioctic acid of two cases of A. phalloides-type mushroom poisoning are reported. All known cases of A. phalloides-type mushroom poisoning treated with thioctic acid in the United States are summarized.


Adult rainbow trout, acclimated to external calcium concentrations ranging from 60–5700 μequiv/1, were exposed to pH 4.0-4.1 for 44 h. Initially, this exposure provoked massive net losses of sodium and chloride across the gills which arose through a combination of an inhibition of active transport and, more importantly, a stimulation in diffusional efflux. Subsequently, ion losses declined substantially, largely due to a rapid decline in passive efflux but also to a slower, partial recovery in sodium transport. External calcium concentration was virtually without effect on ion fluxes either prior to or following acid exposure but had a definite effect during acid exposure. This effect was initially upon the ratio of C1 − to Na + loss and later upon the degree of inhibition of sodium and chloride transport. Possible mechanisms to explain the complex interactions of calcium and pH are proposed.


Recommendation systems aim to provide users with relevant suggestions, but often lack interpretability and fail to capture higher-level semantic relationships between user behaviors and profiles. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that leverages large language models (LLMs) to construct personalized reasoning graphs. These graphs link a user's profile and behavioral sequences through causal and logical inferences, representing the user's interests in an interpretable way. Our approach, LLM reasoning graphs (LLMRG), has four components: chained graph reasoning, divergent extension, self-verification and scoring, and knowledge base self-improvement. The resulting reasoning graph is encoded using graph neural networks, which serves as additional input to improve conventional recommender systems, without requiring extra user or item information. Our approach demonstrates how LLMs can enable more logical and interpretable recommender systems through personalized reasoning graphs. LLMRG allows recommendations to benefit from both engineered recommendation systems and LLM-derived reasoning graphs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of LLMRG on benchmarks and real-world scenarios in enhancing base recommendation models.


The post-rift (20-0 Ma) vertical movements of the Provence Basin (West Mediterranean) are quantified on its
both conjugate (the Gulf of Lion and the West Sardinia) margins. This work is based on the stratigraphic study
of sedimentary markers using a large 3D grid of seismic data, correlations with existing drillings and refraction
data. The post-rift subsidence is measured by the direct use of sedimentary geometries analysed in 3D [Gorini et
al., 2015; Rabineau et al., 2014] and validated by numerical stratigraphic modelling. Three domains were found:
on the platform (1) and slope (2), the subsidence takes the form of a seaward tilting with different amplitudes,
whereas the deep basin (3) subsides purely vertically [Leroux et al., 2015a]. These domains correspond to the
deeper crustal domains respectively highlighted by wide angle seismic data. The continental crust (1) and the
thinned continental crust (2) are tilted, whereas the intermediate crust, identified as lower continental exhumed
crust [Moulin et al., 2015, Afhilado et al., 2015] (3) sagged. The post-break-up subsidence re-uses the initial hinge
lines of the rifting phase. This striking correlation between surface geologic processes and deep earth dynamic
processes emphasizes that the sedimentary record and sedimentary markers is a window into deep geodynamic
processes and dynamic topography.
Pliocene-Pleistocene seismic markers enabled high resolution quantification of sediment budgets over the past
6 Myr [Leroux et al., in press]. Sediment budget history is here completed on the Miocene interval. Thus, the
controlling factors (climate, tectonics and eustasy) are discussed.
Afilhado, A., Moulin, M., Aslanian, D., Schnurle, P., Klingelhoefer, F., Nouze, H., Rabineau, M., Leroux,
E. & Beslier, M.-O. (2015). Deep crustal structure across a young 1 passive margin from wide-angle and reflection
seismic data (The SARDINIA Experiment) - II. Sardinia's margin. Bull. Soc. geol. France, 186, ILP Spec. issue,
4-5, 331-351.
Gorini, C., Montadert, L., Rabineau, M., (2015) New imaging of the salinity crisis: Dual Messinian lowstand
megasequences recorded in the deep basin of both the eastern and western Mediterranean, Marine and Petroleum
Geology (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.01.009.
Leroux, E., Aslanian, D., Rabineau, M., Moulin, M., Granjeon, D., Gorini C. & Droz, L. (2015a). Sedimentary
markers in the Provencal basin (Western Mediterranean): a window into deep geodynamic processes. Terra Nova,
27(2), 122-129.
Leroux, E., Rabineau, M., Aslanian, D., Gorini, C., Molliex, S., Bache, F., Robin, C., Droz, L., Moulin, M.,
Poort, J., Rubino, J.-L. & Suc, J.P. (2016, in press). High resolution evolution of terrigenous sediment yields
in the Provence Basin during the last 6 Ma: relation with climate and tectonic. Basin Research, xx, xx-xx (ID:
4759575-1545130).
Moulin, M., Klingelhoefer, F., Afiladho, A., Aslanian, D., Schnurle, P., Nouze, H., Beslier, M.-O. & Feld, A.
(2015). Deep crustal structure across an young passive margin from wide-angle and reflection seismic data (The
SARDINIA Experiment) - I. Gulf of Lion's margin, Bull. Soc. geol. France., 186, ILP Spec. issue, 4-5,309-330.
Rabineau, M., Leroux, E., Aslanian, D., Bache, F., Gorini, C., Moulin, M., Molliex, S., Droz, L., Reis, T. D.,
Rubino, J.-L., Guillocheau, F. & Olivet, J.-L. (2014). Quantifying subsidence and isostatic readjustment using
sedimentary markers (example in the Gulf of Lion). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 388, 1-14


Assembly manipulation in the micro world presents challenges not found in the macro domain. A three-layered control architecture for microassembly with human-robot task plan interaction is proposed in this paper. The architecture combines the abilities of human decision making and task planning with visual servo strategies to ensure the reliability and automaticity of micromanipulation. It has three control levels: the behaviour layer interacts with the real physical world to control actuators and sensors. The task layer specifies assembly goals by human task planning. As the middle level, the strategy layer yields visual servo schemes from abstract assembly goals and expands them into low-level behaviour commands. TaskML, the task markup language, is designed based on XML for human task planning. Task plan tree (TPT) data specifies microassembly tasks underlying TaskML. Microassembly task planner (MTP) software has been developed to support TaskML editing and task plan tree building


Geology is the study of our four-and-a-half billion-year-old planet - in particular of how the natural systems shaping its surface and interior work today and how they functioned in the past. It is far more than just rocks and fossils, though recognizing the different varieties of these and understanding the clues they can give you about the deep past is a crucial aspect of Geology. When you read this book, you will find that life has caused radical changes in the composition of the atmosphere, and that this in turn has affected how minerals and rocks weather and erode.

Earth's life-moderated temperature has allowed it (unlike Venus) to hang on to the store of liquid water that it inherited from its origin, maintaining surface conditions suitable for life and allowing rigid tectonic plates to glide around over the less rigid interior. You could argue "without water no life, without life no water, and hence without life no plate tectonics". In reality, it is not as simple as that becouse the Earth system is complex. The essence of how the "rock cycle" works (including the heating, melting, eruption, cooling, erosion, transportation, burial and deformation of rocks), and similarly the overlapping "hydrological cycle" and "carbon cycle" (exchange of water and carbon between the Earth's interior and atmosphere by routes both direct and indirect) may seem straightforward enough, but there are many processes that are inadequately understood and interrelationships that await deeper exploration.

I have tried to keep this book clear and relatively basic. It is, after all, an introduction. If you become sufficiently intrigued to want to look further into any part of my story, then I will have succeeded.


This is a pragmatic paper, aimed at nurse teachers and lecturers interested in developing their research profile but unsure of how to go about it. It addresses a range of issues including valuing your past experience, writing for publication, time manage ment, learning from others, considering a sideways move, finding an academic mentor, becoming a reviewer, attending conferences, and seeking research funding. The paper concludes by emphasizing that developing a research profile is a long process, but th at there is a growing interest in having a more clearly defined career pathway to support aspiring nurse researchers.


Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is produced predominantly by T-helper lymphocytes and macrophages. IL-10 inhibits lymphocyte-induced cytokine production (CSIF--cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor), cooperates in B lymphocytes activation as well as macrophages--monocytes deactivation (MDF--macrophage deactivating factor). Due to its immunosuppressive properties IL-10 may be used in therapy of some T-cell induced diseases.


The magnetic properties of proposed all-carbon graphene-fullerene nanobuds have been investigated through spin-polarized density functional theory. Four structures (A, B, C and D) are proposed in terms of the geometry, and analysis of the formation of new chemical bonds in the nanobuds is conducted. Cases A and B possess magnetic moments of nearly 6 μ(B), originating from unpaired spins due to the chemical bond formation from two next-nearest atoms in graphene. In Cases C and D, the connections of two atoms in different sublattices of graphene cannot generate unpaired spins, resulting in non-magnetic states. The magnetic nanobuds hold great promise for new spintronics and guide the controllable experimental synthesis of desired geometries.


Abstract In the BPT diagram, the distribution of the emission-line galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) evokes the wings of a seagull. Traditionally, galaxies in the right wing are considered to host AGNs. Our study of the stellar populations of SDSS galaxies showed that ~ 1/4 of galaxies thought to host LINERs are in fact "retired galaxies," i.e., galaxies that stopped forming stars and are ionized by hot post-AGB stars and white dwarfs (Stasińska et al. 2008). When galaxies that lack some of the lines needed to place them in the BPT diagram are included, the fraction of retired galaxies is even larger (Cid Fernandes et al., these proceedings).


We present and calibrate a dynamic model that characterizes the labor market for computer scientists. In our model, firms can recruit computer scientists from recently graduated college students, from STEM workers working in other occupations, or from a pool of foreign talent. Counterfactual simulations suggest that wages for computer scientists would have been 2.8%–3.8% higher and the number of Americans employed as computer scientists 7.0%–13.6% higher in 2004 if firms could not hire more foreigners than they could in 1994. In contrast, total computer science employment would have been 3.8%–9.0% lower and consequently output smaller.


Malaria remains one of the most important and deadliest diseases in many countries in Africa, in the Americas, in South-East Asia, in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the Western Pacific regions, with high morbidity and mortality, despite important successes for the control of this disease borne by the vector Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria elimination relies on different strategies including early diagnosis, improved drug therapies and better health infrastructure, and mainly the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual sprayings (IRS) of insecticide. In Cameroon, a country composed of several ethnic groups, malaria transmission is endemic in some regions, while it is seasonal in others; children and pregnant women are most vulnerable. Progress has been made towards malaria control, considering these specificities, and led to a reduction in both morbidity and mortality, but these accomplishments are under threat, mainly due to the development of resistance to insecticides among mosquitoes, targeting the 4 commonly used insecticide classes. To continue our route towards malaria control and elimination, it is urgent to have more knowledge about resistance mechanisms, in the objective of elaborating new strategies with the involvement of the community; these strategies should take into consideration socio-ecological factors such as the young age of the population, low literacy rate especially among women, population's beliefs, traditions, and customs. Forest ecosystems with abundant rains, humidity and hot temperature, lower access to water for populations living in rural areas, and poverty level are other factors to consider when elaborating malaria control approaches.


Purpose: To achieve the level of prosperity is not an easy thing. Becoming an entrepreneur is not an alternative profession, but being an entrepreneur is a strategic choice that must be made with a firm and strong determination.
Findings: The essence of entrepreneurship is to build an entrepreneurial atmosphere so that students like challenges, are creative, innovative, and have the courage to take or manage risks (character).
Research limitations/implications: Imagine if all graduates in Indonesia had entrepreneurial characters, of course Indonesia would rise to become an authoritative country in the eyes of the world. Indonesia will have strong competitiveness, its economy will be independent, and its image will improve.
Practical implications: The formulation of the problem in this study is how the entrepreneurial attitude of students so far and how the needs of teachers and students for teaching materials that can improve the entrepreneurial attitude of students.
Paper type: Research paper.


Photoelectric detection technology is extremely significant on account of its extensive applications in commercial and military fields, but high-performance array photodetectors based on Dirac semimetal thin film materials are rarely reported. Hence, we demonstrate photodetectors based on a three dimensional (3D) topological Dirac semimetal (DSM) (Cd1−xZnx)3As2/MoO3 array heterojunction, showing ultrahigh photoresponsivity, detectivity and external quantum efficiency in the ultra-broadband spectrum (405–4500 nm) of 3.1 A W−1, 6.4 × 1010 Jones and 855.8%, respectively, meanwhile possessing array unit performance repeatability and excellent time stability under atmospheric conditions at room temperature. The device exhibits an incredible current reversal phenomenon under the action of both light illumination and temperature variation elements, which can be attributed to a thermoelectromotive force effect. These excellent photoelectric properties illustrate that the fabrication of the 3D DSMs/inorganic thin film heterojunction is a suitable method for preparing distinguished infrared array photodetectors in the field of infrared telecommunications and scanning imaging.


Thin films of ceria, titania and zirconia have been prepared using ion assisted deposition (IAD). The energy of ions was varied between 0 and 1 keV and current densities up to 220 μA/cm2 were used. It was found that the stress behaviour is dependent on ion species, i.e. argon or oxygen, ion energy and current density and substrate temperature apart from the material. While ceria films showed tensile stresses under the influence of argon ion bombardment at ambient temperature, they showed a sharp transition from tensile to compressive stress with increase in substrate temperature. When bombarded with oxygen ions they showed a transition from tensile to compressive stress with increase in energy. The titania films deposited with oxygen ions, on the other hand showed purely tensile stresses. Zirconia films deposited with oxygen ions, however, showed a transition from tensile to compressive stress


Experimental results for the tensor analyzing powers A/sub xx/ and A/sub yz/ in the /sup 1/H(d-vector, pp)n reaction at 16 MeV for a series of symmetric, constant-relative-energy configurations are reported and compared with the results of recent Faddeev calculations using a separable NN potential. In general, the agreement seems fairly good, although there is some evidence that the measured values of A/sub yz/ tend to be slightly smaller than the prediction, whereas for A/sub xx/ the opposite appears to be true. 1 figure, 1 table. (RWR)


Four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had a variant alkaline phosphatase that resembles the placental D-variant but is different from it in electrophoretic mobility, pH optimum, heat stability, and inhibition by phosphate. The appearance of this enzyme has been specific to hepatocellular carcinoma. Its prevalence was about 30%, while that of another marker protein, alpha-fetoprotein was 77%. The occurrence of this enzyme in serum of patients with hepatoma was, accordingly, independent of the serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration, and also independent of the appearance of the Regan or the Nagao isoenzymes and of the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Patients with the enzyme had a massive type of hepatocellular carcinoma with grade III differentiation by Edmondson's classification. The detection of this enzyme in serum may be of help in confirming the diagnosis of hepatoma.


This paper presents a new index mapping method for DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) and its application to multidimensional DFT. Unlike conventional index mapping methods such as DIT (Decimation in Time) or DIF (Decimation in Frequency) algorithms, the proposed method is based on two levels of decomposition and it can be very efficiently used for implementing multidimensional DFT as well as l-dimensional DFT. The proposed pipelined architecture for multidimensional DFT is very flexible so that it can lead to the best tradeoff between performance and hardware requirements. Also, it can be easily extended to higher dimensional DFTs since the number of CEs (Computational Elements) and DCs (Delay Commutators) increase only linearly with the dimension. Various implementation options based on different radices and different pipelining depths will be presented.


AIMS
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in diabetic patients is associated with an increased risk of restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We assessed the impact of diabetes on long-term outcome after PCI with sirolimus-eluting (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting (PES) stents.

METHODS AND RESULTS
In the SIRTAX trial, 1012 patients were randomized to treatment with SES (n = 503) or PES (n = 509). A stratified analysis of outcomes was performed according to the presence or absence of diabetes. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between SES and PES in patients with (N = 201) and without diabetes (N = 811). Clinical outcome was worse in diabetic compared with non-diabetic patients regarding death (9.0% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.004) and MACE (defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or TLR; 19.9% vs. 12.7%, P = 0.007) at 2 years. Among diabetic patients, SES reduced MACE by 47% (14.8% vs. 25.8%, HR = 0.52, P = 0.05) and TLR by 61% (7.4% vs. 17.2%, HR = 0.39, P = 0.03) compared with PES at 2 years.

CONCLUSION
Diabetic patients have worse prognosis than non-diabetic patients undergoing PCI with DES. Among the diabetic patient population of this trial, SES reduce repeat revascularization procedures and MACE more effectively than PES and to a similar degree as in non-diabetic patients.


At creation of civil society in any constitutional state there is a crime counteraction problem. In the modern Russian Federation safety problems from the negative social phenomena and processes force scientists, public agents and ordinary citizens to investigate constantly such determinants and the reasons (destabilizers of safety of society and the constitutional state), to eliminate their consequences. Such problems as are urgent now: increase in information on ways and consequences of violence in the mass media (MM), the Internet, computer games, traditional physical abuse. The number of questions and assessment by citizens of consequences of the conducted terrorist attacks and infringement of life of citizens causes. The accounting of the specified problems and versions of decisions in law-enforcement practice, will allow to promote as a result efficiency of prevention of offenses and crimes and will bring closer modern Russia to ideal model of the constitutional state with real civil society. In article the author designates a number of the legal and social destabilizers of safety existing now in the Russian society and the state, proposes the solution of their negative impact on society within tactics of crime control.


The purpose of this studies was analyzed moisture content, rheology and sensual test of jujube jungkwa by addition of water, sugar, fructose at processing of jujube jungkwa for development the optimization for processing of jujube jungkwa. The changes of moisture contents at process condition of jujube jungkwa were increased by increasing of sugar and water quantity. And moisture contents of jujube jungkwa were increased by high fructose quantity and low sugar quantity, but were decreased by high sugar and fructose quantity. The ``b`` values of jujube jungkwa at low sugar quantity were decreased by the increasing of water quantity, but increased at high sugar quantity. The cohesiveness of jujube jungkwa at 0.03 kg of fructose were high by the increasing of sugar quantity, but those at 0.065 kg of fructose were high by the decreasing of sugar quantity. And those at 0.050 kg of fructose were similar without the quantity of sugar. The sweet taste of jujube jungkwa were increased by the increasing of water and fructose quantity. The characteristics of jungkwa at conditions of processing for the best quality of jujube jungkwa were 18-20% of moisture content, 2.0-3.0 of ``b`` values, 3.0-3.2 of color scores, and 3.3-3.4 of sweet taste scores. The conditions of processing for the best quality of jujube jungkwa were determined to 0.95-1.04 L of water, 0.052-0.060 kg of fructose at 0.95 kg of sugar.


Reuse is considered as one of the most reasonable strategies in realizing sustainability, because it enables longer useful life of facilities. This article presents an effective methodology of artificial neural network–based prognosis combined with reliability methods to evaluate and guarantee the reusability of a facility. The methodology provides the assessment of the degradation trend and prediction of the remaining life of facilities based on online condition monitoring data and historical data utilizing back propagation artificial neural networks. In addition, the corresponding reliability of a facility is calculated by fitting suitable life distribution against the in‐house time‐to‐failure data. Furthermore, maintenance decision is made by predicting the time when reliability or remaining life of a facility reaches the threshold, as determined by the facility's reusability. Application results show that the proposed methodology provides sufficient condition information for reuse decision making from both historical and online perspectives; a facility can be reused for many times during its lifetime until its reuse is no longer economic, which can assist in the achievement of the goal of manufacturing with fewer resources and assets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, structural analysis of High-Speed railway vertical tunnel structures was performed to verify the structural stability. The corrugated steel plate method was applied to the vertical tunnel structures for its simple construction method and low cost. The structural stability of Wall, Connection and Storage section was performed with LRFD and ASD design method at joint part, buckling, stress and plastic hinge. From the results, all of vertical tunnel structures shown the structural stability regardless of design method and structure types. So, the application of corrugated steel plate in vertical tunnel structures instead of cast-in-placed concrete was quite enough.


The Fukushima nuclear disaster caused by the earthquake on 11 March 2011 is a man-made calamity because technological failures were derived from the failure of multiple social safeguards. The insufficient social safeguards can be explained by highlighting the "nuclear complex." Institutional frameworks assured the enormous economic power of electric power companies and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). Using this power, the electric power companies effectively manipulated information, maintained strong political power and constructed the nuclear complex, which has imposed an overwhelming influence on the central sphere of control at a national level and has put economic profit before safety. Regulations for safety have not been insufficient because the organization charged with nuclear safety belongs to the nuclear complex. Consequently, Regulatory Guides concerning reactors defined by the government have not accounted for catastrophic accidents. Philosopher Mori Arimasa's concept of "binary combination" provides us with an insight into a profound sociological reason for the Fukushima nuclear disaster because it highlights the immaturity of subjectivity and the root of irresponsibility in Japanese society. Binary combination is defined as a relationship between two persons that is characterized by intimacy and a vertical relation. Binary combination tends to produce a group or organization that is closed to outsiders and often shows indifference as well as insensitivity to outside opinions. In order overcome the defects of energy policy as well as the decision-making process, and to achieve a sustainable society, it is necessary to promote an energy paradigm shift and reforms for decision-making through the enrichment of the public sphere.


Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC

Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a well-established chemotherapy target frequently overexpressed in cancer. Multiple clinical studies demonstrated that high levels of TS correlate with the disease stage and resistance to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Previous studies from our laboratory reassessed the paradigm of TS as a passive proliferation biomarker by providing evidence towards its tumor-promoting capabilities (Cancer Cell 2004; Oncogene 2007). We demonstrated that ectopic TS overexpression combined with loss of tumor suppressor genes significantly enhances the rate and severity of tumorigenesis; however the underlying mechanism of this process remained unclear. TS fuels DNA replication and repair through dTMP and folate biosynthesis. We hypothesized that TS overexpression could become a strong tumor-promoting force by inducing nucleotide imbalance that results in DNA misincorporation and damage. In this study, we analyze effects of TS overexpression in context of aberrant DNA repair and cell cycle misregulation by using Ink4/Arf−/- genetically engineered mouse model. We show that ectopic TS overexpression markedly enhances tumorigenesis in hTS/Ink4/Arf−/- mice compared to Ink4/Arf−/- control resulting in more aggressive tumors. HPLC analyses of mouse tumor-derived cell lines confirmed significant nucleotide imbalance and increase in dTMP, dTDP and dTTP levels in hTS/Ink4/Arf−/- mice compared to control. Analysis of chromosomal changes by spectral karyotyping demonstrated 4 to 5 fold increase in chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy in hTS positive tumor cell lines. Chromosomal translocations were only found in hTS/Ink4/Arf−/- subtype, indicative of strand-break damage. We assessed extent of damage by Comet assay and yH2AX phosphorylation in mouse tumor cell lines and found increased DNA fragmentation and high yH2AX signal in hTS/Ink4/Arf−/- cells as opposed to Ink4/Arf−/- control. In summary, these studies demonstrate a novel capacity for TS to promote nucleotide imbalance, increase DNA susceptibility to damage and chromosomal aberrations, suggesting a new model where TS overexpression plays a role in the development of genomic instability and tumorigenesis.

Citation Format: Lidia V. Kulemina, Min Chen, Kyungah Maeng, Akbar Nawab, Maria Zajac-Kaye. Role of thymidylate synthase in genomic instability and tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 631. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-631


The paper presents data on winter snow accumulation on the Russian territory obtained from different sources: ground measurements of snow depth on meteorological stations, water snow equivalent calculated from data of route surveys, reanalysis, and satellite observations. Three large regions were isolated which are distinguished by characters of the snow depth fluctuations and their long-term tendencies. Comparison of the trends calculated from data of reanalysis and satellite measurements demonstrated essential disagreement of them with data of in situ observations.


Millions of adenosines are deaminated throughout the transcriptome by ADAR1 and ADAR2, modulating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) immunogenicity and recoding mRNA. The high variability in the susceptibility of different adenosines to editing begs the question of what are the determinants of substrate specificity. Here, we systematically monitor how secondary structure modulates ADAR2 vs ADAR1 substrate selectivity, on the basis of systematic probing of thousands of synthetic sequences transfected into ADAR1-deleted cell lines exogenously expressing either ADAR2 or ADAR1. In both cases, structural disruptions gave rise to symmetric, strand-specific induced editing at a fixed offset, but of varying length: -26 nt for ADAR2, and -35 nt for ADAR1. We dissect the basis for the differences in offset between ADAR1 and ADAR2 via diverse mutants, domain-swaps, and ADAR evolutionary homologs, and reveal that it is encoded by the differential RNA binding domain architecture. We demonstrate that this offset-enhanced editing can allow an improved design of ADAR2-recruiting therapeutics, with proof-of-concept experiments suggestive of increased on-target and potentially decreased off-target editing. Our findings provide novel insight into the determinants guiding ADAR2 substrate selectivity and into the roles of the RNA binding domains of ADAR1 and ADAR2 in mediating differential targeting, and should facilitate the design of improved ADAR-recruiting therapeutics.


The phenomenon of involuntary mental rehearsal of language, or the "Din in the head," has been considered by researchers as an indicator of second language (L2) acquisition among acquirers. Previous studies have noted that the Din occurs primarily among beginning and intermediate L2 students after the reception of oral input that is comprehensible, but not after reading. It has been argued that this lack of a reported Din is due to the fact that such students typically do very little reading, and that acquirers who did read would experience a "reading Din." This study provides evidence for an 12 Din after reading from a survey of two classes of intermediate Spanish students: a "Reading Only" group (TV = 20), whose only source ofL2 input was reading; and a "Reading and Conversation" group (TV = 15), who received both printed and oral input. Both groups reported a Din after L2 reading. The findings lend support to claims made by Krashen concerning the importance of comprehensible input in L2 acquisition. Implications for the use of reading in beginning and intermediate 12 classrooms are discussed.


The moisture content of grain affects the physical properties of kernels that must be understood for designing and operating post-harvest bulk handling systems. Changes in the physical properties of wheat were quantified using digital image processing. Three classes of western Canadian wheat namely Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS), Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD), and Canada Prairie Spring White (CPSW) were used for this study. Single wheat kernels of these 3 classes were conditioned to 12.5, 13.9, 15.9, 18.0, and 19.7% moisture content (wet basis) using headspaces above various concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions. Colour images of individual kernels were acquired using a camera (7.4 x 7.4 μm pixel resolution) with an inter-line transfer CCD image sensor. Machine vision algorithm developed by the Canadian Wheat Board Centre for Grain Storage Research, University of Manitoba was implemented to extract 49 morphological features from the wheat kernel images. Of the 49 features extracted, 24, 11, and 7 morphological features of CWRS, CWAD, and CPSW, respectively, were significantly (α=0.05) different, as the moisture content increased from 12.5 to 19.7%. Generally the morphological features such as area, perimeter, length, and radius of kernels of all three wheat classes were linearly increased with increase in moisture content whereas all the moment and Fourier descriptor features decreased as moisture content increased.


This article aims to examine the situation on the environmental suitability of settlements in the state of Sao Paulo, and the potential of using agroforestry systems for rehabilitation and management of those areas. 10 settlements were analyzed by means of semi-structured interviews with representatives of the settlers, and analysis reports and data provided by the State Department of Environment. The results demonstrate that agroforestry has potential economic, ecological and social recovery of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in settlements. However, for the practice may be more widespread, it takes greater technical and financial support for family farmers. The Department of Environment has demonstrates difficulty in monitoring these systems as they are being applied without any monitoring of the environmental agency. Recent changes in the Forest Code, which include the establishment of agroforestry systems in protected areas and Rural Environmental Registry, may change this situation, so further studies in this area should be conducted.


Management of social infrastructure has been advanced from facility management (FM) to asset management (AM), which adopts the aggressive and proactive methods in predicting the deterioration of infrastructure, prevents failures, and eventually saves maintenance cost. Infrastructure asset management is not a simple engineering technique, but it is a new paradigm evolved from facility management practices. To implement the infrastructure asset management successfully, organizational reform is very important. This paper suggests critical success factors and key performance indicators to implement the infrastructure asset management for facility managers of government owned social infrastructures such as roads and bridges. Reorganizing the facility management group requires new vision, objectives, strategies for the paradigm-changing asset management. This paper uses Balanced Score Card (BSC) which is a proven method in measuring and setting new objectives for an organization. Once the performance indicators are reviewed repeatedly by facility managers through experts workshops, developed BSC can be used in practice. This paper discusses the development of robust BSC scoring method through in depth literature reviews and investigation of asset management practices of domestic and international cases.


(4) Alternate use permitted. Automobile refinishing spray booths or enclosures, otherwise installed and maintained in full conformity with this section, may alternately be used for drying with portable electrical infrared drying apparatus when conforming with the following: (i) Interior (especially floors) of spray enclosures shall be kept free of overspray deposits. (ii) During spray operations, the drying apparatus and electrical connections and wiring thereto shall not be located within spray enclosure nor in any other location where spray residues may be deposited thereon. (iii) The spraying apparatus, the drying apparatus, and the ventilating system of the spray enclosure shall be equipped with suitable interlocks so arranged that: (a) The spraying apparatus cannot be operated while the drying apparatus is inside the spray enclosure. (b) The spray enclosure will be purged of spray vapors for a period of not less than 3 minutes before the drying apparatus can be energized. (c) The ventilating system will maintain a safe atmosphere within the enclosure during the drying process and the drying apparatus will automatically shut off in the event of failure of the ventilating system. (iv) All electrical wiring and equipment of the drying apparatus shall conform with the applicable sections of subpart S of this part. Only equipment of a type approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations shall be located within 18 inches (45.72 cm) of floor level. All metallic parts of the drying apparatus shall be properly electrically bonded and grounded. (v) The drying apparatus shall contain a prominently located, permanently attached warning sign indicating that ventilation should be maintained during the drying period and that spraying should not be conducted in the vicinity that spray will deposit on apparatus.


Abstract : At their 15th year of service, military personnel who are eligible and intend to serve for 20 years must choose either: (1) the High-3 retirement plan, or (2) a reduced retirement (REDUX) and a $30,000 bonus paid at the 15th year of service. This paper is designed to help service members make that decision. We describe the REDUX/bonus option as an early, partial cash-out of the service member's retirement pension that the member pays back in the form of reduced retirement checks over his or her entire lifetime. We calculate how much the service member will pay back (the reduction in pension benefits), and we calculate the implied APR or interest rate for this loan. For example, an E-7 who retires at age 38 with 20 years of service is paying an implicit interest rate of 14.8% and would see his or her retired pay reduced by $381,203 if he or she lived to 79 years. Even if the service member received the bonus tax free, the repayment amount is over 12 times the amount of the loan ($30,000). If this service member lives to 85, the repayment amount would be $504,085.


This paper addresses the problem of making a non-holonomic wheeled mobile robot (WMR) move to a target object using computer vision and obstacle-avoidance techniques. If a priori information about the obstacles is available, pre-planning the desired path can be a good candidate method. However, in so many cases, obstacles are dynamic. Therefore, our first challenge is to make the WMR move to a desired target while autonomously avoiding any obstacle along its path. The second challenge deals with visual-tracking loss; that is, when the target is lost from the camera scope, the robot should use Dead Reckoning (DR) to get back on its path towards the target. The Visual Tracking (VT) algorithm then takes the relay to reach the final destination, compensating for any errors due to DR by calculating the distance to the target when it is within the scope of the camera. The proposed system also uses two fuzzy-logic controllers; the first controller avoids objects while the second manages the path to the target. Different complex scenarios have been implemented, showing the validity of our multi-controller model.


An African woman with hoe in hand is the default symbol of agriculture in Africa, according to the late Calestous Juma, African academic and former Harvard Kennedy School professor. Mr. Juma used that image to convey the drudgery-filled farming that women on the continent face.


AbstractThis paper reviews Deleuze's theory of language in Logic of Sense, and Deleuze and Guattari's theory of language in A Thousand Plateaus. In the ontology informed by the Stoics described in those books, human being and language do not exist separately but in a mixture of words and things. The author argues that this flattened ontology of surfaces is incommensurable with the ontology of depth used in conventional humanist qualitative methodology and recommends beginning new empirical inquiry with a concept instead of with method and methodology.


Since 1979, when Gerald Russell described bulimia nervosa1 and Aaron Beck published Cognitive Therapy of Depression,2 cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) has been repeatedly applied in people with bulimia; Fairburn's CBT for bulimia nervosa demonstrated particular efficacy over the 1980s and 1990s. Fresh speculation and creativity are always crucial, though. As new features of the disorder and potential obstacles to treatment have been observed, CBT has expanded its repertoire for instance, Ulrike Schmidt's BitE by BitE added motivational enhancement techniques.3 Wells's 'metacognitive' stance is the new ingredient here. This has much in common with 'mentalisation' and 'mindfulness'. In this state of mind we can take a step back from our knee-jerk responses to life, see ourselves more objectively and cultivate non-judgemental wisdom. It involves not only thinking, but thinking about thinking, not only learning, but learning about learning, in that striving towards maturity which characterises all effective therapies. It moves ahead of classical CBT by not asking 'Is this thought correct?' so much as 'Is this the most helpful way to think about things?' However, the excellent chapter which traces the development of structured evidence-based therapies for bulimia stops disappointingly short of integrating its claim for the use of metacognition into the discussion. I have two important reservations. The first is that metacognitive therapy is so far unproven. Second, I would be reluctant to move directly into metacognitive work without at least trying to introduce regular, spaced eating patterns. For me, this is the single most crucial intervention in changing minds and brains, even where years of previous therapy have failed. I am supported in this view by two masters: Fairburn claims this intervention is 'fundamental to successful treatment',4 highlighting the gratifying early success experiences that result; Waller's group, too, emphasises 'the introduction of structure to dietary intake'.5 It is brave to publish another textbook of CBT for eating disorders so soon after the appearance of two new classics (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders by Waller and colleagues5 was followed in 2008 by Fairburn's acclaimed account Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Eating Disorders4). Readers seeking an education in both eating disorders and CBT should devour either or both of these. Should you invest too in Cooper's modestly-priced paperback? The authors are streetwise clinicians who know exactly what they are talking about. Sample stories such as 'Jasmine's' illustrate the plight of having bulimia tellingly. There is a particularly good set of evaluation scales, useful photocopiable handouts, and the directions for introducing detached mindfulness can be used across different diagnostic groups. So if you work regularly with individuals with bulimia nervosa, I recommend you add this book to your collection, but not that it be used as your main resource.


Frequently used in the American Indian (AI) community and proven to be a valuable tool in health research, a Talking Circle is a method used by a group to discuss a topic in an egalitarian and nonconfrontational manner. Using community-based participatory research, a modified Talking Circle format was developed for engaging tribal leaders in an American Indian Healthy Eating Project in North Carolina. The culturally informed formative research approach enabled us to garner project support from 7 tribes, as well as insights on developing planning and policy strategies to improve access to healthy eating within each of the participating communities.


Background The survival rate of patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) with distant metastases is unsatisfactory. Although dose-dense chemotherapy with a high incidence of ototoxicity improves the prognosis of these patients, surgical metastasectomy may provide an alternative treatment option avoiding drug side effects. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of "complete" pulmonary metastasectomy for the treatment of children with metastatic HB. Methods This retrospective study retrieved data from 2004 to 2015 on 22 children with metastatic HB. Separated into two groups; children who underwent only hepatectomy (group H, 14 cases), and children who underwent primary or rescue liver transplantation (group T, eight cases). Each patient was administered initial chemotherapy according to JPLT-2, SIOPEL3 or PLADO protocols. Over the course of this study, we performed metastasectomies for all detectable pulmonary metastases. Indocyanine green fluorescent navigation was used for 15 patients to detect tiny metastases. The follow-up period for survivors after the last metastasectomy ranged from 36 to 186 months. Results The cumulative disease-free 5-year survival rate was 84% in group H and 33% in group T. The median number of resected pulmonary metastatic lesions was 10.5 (range: 1-42) in group H and 3.5 (range: 1–97) in group T. None of the survivors developed hearing or respiratory impairment. Conclusions Complete pulmonary metastasectomy improves the prognosis of patients with metastatic HB with conventional chemotherapy, especially in the patients with primary HB lesions removed without liver transplantation.


Cocaine abuse is an increasing problem in western societies, and health personnel should be aware of the cardiovascular effects of cocaine, of which myocardial infarction is the most frequent reported complication. Cardiac arrhythmia is another serious complication. We describe a young female who, after injecting cocaine intravenously, suffered from circulatory collapse, thought to represent an arrhythmia. The authors discuss the pharmacological and clinical aspects of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction and arrhythmias, and suggest guidelines for treatment.


Non-krill prey remains were recovered from ornithogenic sediments at three active Adélie penguin colonies on Ross Island, to assess long-term dietary trends in this species. Radiocarbon dates place the age of these deposits from a maximum of 947 years ago to the present. We identified 12 taxa of fish and two of squid with the Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) as the most abundant prey species represented at all sites. In addition, silverfish have decreased in importance in Adélie penguin diet over the past 600 years, perhaps in response to climate change since the onset of the Little Ice Age, though it remains much more abundant in current penguin diet in the Ross Sea than in the Antarctic Peninsula. Other prey taxa reflect the diversity of prey selection by Adélie penguins in Antarctica.


This Special Section on Language and Cognition of Journal of Electronic Science and Technology (JEST) presents a collective of state-of-the-art interdisciplinary research on language and cognition. It features empirical and theoretical studies on cognitive approaches to language, using a variety of methodological approaches, from behavioral measures to neuroimaging. The topics discussed are varied, ranging from language comprehension and acquisition to the language-emotion interactions, reflecting marked broadening of the research agenda in this field. We invite yet more integrated research to move the field forward.


Purpose: We wanted to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of one-staged open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for patients with complete rupture of the ACL and concomitant varus malalignment of the lower limb. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients were prospectively assessed before and 1 year after their simultaneous operation as a single procedure. The clinical assessment included the Lysholm score, the Tegner activity level scale and a physical examination. The radiological data was used to calculate the mechanical axis, the joint space, the tibial slope and the arthrometric stress test. The postoperative complications were also assessed. Results: The Lysholm knee score and the Tegner activity level scale improved from a mean of 72.1 to 93.8 and from 1.45 to 4.65, respectively (p<0.05). According to the Lachmann test and the pivot shift test for stability, improvements were made to a grade of 0 or I in most of the patients (p<0.05) and the STSD with using an arthrometric device significantly improved from 8.8 ㎜ to postoperative 2.6 ㎜ (p<0.05). The mechanical axis significantly improved from varus 6.1 degrees to valgus 0.3 degrees (p<0.05). Osteoarthritis of the knee, the posterior tibial slope and the joint space did not show any significant changes (p> 0.05). The severity and rate of the postoperative complications were both low. Conclusion: One-staged open-wedge HTO and ACL reconstruction produced satisfactory correction of the mechanical axis alignment and, it improved knee function. Further, the procedure had a low complication rate. It is also cost effective due to, reducing the frequency of operation and avoiding overlap of rehabilitation.


Based on the theory of one\|dimensional separate spatial soliton pair formed in an unbiased serial photorefractive(PR) crystal circuit consis-ting of two PR crystals connected by electrodes, the mutual dependences of the two solitons are investigated. When a dark soliton beam and a Gaussian beam are incident on the two PR crystals, respectively, the effects of changing the peak intensity of the dark soliton on the propagating property of the Gaussian beam are discussed by numerical calculations. The result shows that the dynamical evolution of Gaussian beam in one crystal can be modulated by changing the intensity of the dark soliton in the other in the circuit. By this way one can determine whether the Gaussian beam could evolve into a solitary wave or ont.


The novel element of the rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic family-the quasi digital voltage amplifier (QDVA)-which was recently proposed theoretically, has now been designed and experimentally investigated. The QDVA can be employed both as a logic element in digital circuits and as analogue voltage amplifier. The correct operation of the SFQ doubler has been demonstrated up to the output voltage 0.5 mV and with very large margins (up to 60%). The proposed QDVA can be integrated on the same chip with a SQUID sensor; it significantly simplifies the matching circuits and seems to be very attractive for the multichannel and digital SQUID systems.


For patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), the therapeutic options after orchiectomy are retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, surveillance, and chemotherapy. Ideally the option selected will be based on an individualized assessment of the estimated risk of progression based on prognostic factors, so called risk-adapted treatment, to reduce overall burden of therapy while maintaining survival. It is possible to identify patients at low risk of progression who can be followed by active surveillance initially. Prognostic factors for high risk, while well defined, do not identify all patients at risk and those that are destined to progress, can usually be salvaged with delayed therapy. Most centres recommend either surgery or primary chemotherapy for those defined as being at high risk for progression. Prognostic factors for high risk however, while well defined, do not identify all patients at risk and those that are destined to progress, can usually be salvaged with delayed therapy.


A methodology for the design of recursive digital filters having nearly linear phase response is proposed. The underlying design method is of the direct type whereby the filter is designed as a single block. The design problem is formulated as a cascade of filter sections where each section is represented by a biquadratic transfer function in the polar form. The design problem is then solved using a constrained Newton's method whereby the constraints assure the stability of the filter and control the step size in order to achieve fast convergence. Design examples demonstrate that, when compared to filters designed using existing state-of-the art methods, the proposed methodology yields filters having reduced order and/or improved performance.


In this talk, we will present metamaterial based nanobiosensors, nanophotodetectors and perfect absorbers. Our results show that a plasmonic structure can be successfully applied to bio-sensing applications and extended to the detection of specific bacteria species. A highly tunable design for obtaining double resonance substrates to be used in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy will also be presented. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering experiments are conducted to compare the enhancements obtained from double resonance substrates to those obtained from single resonance gold truncated nano-cones. We will present a UV plasmonic antenna integrated metal semiconductor metal (MSM) photodetector based on GaN. We designed and fabricated Al grating structures. Well defined plasmonic resonances are measured in the reflectance spectra. Optimized grating structure integrated photodetectors exhibit more than eight-fold photocurrent enhancement. We also demonstrate a facile, lithography free, and large scale compatible fabrication route to fabricate ultra-broadband wide angle perfect absorber based on metal-insulator-metal-insulator (MIMI) stack design. 600 nm band-width (400 nm – 1000 nm) is attained utilizing this planar design. This design is later improved by introduction of non-uniform texturing and employing disordered nano hole plasmonic patterns where the overall process is large scale compatible and lithography free. Our findings show that the optimized design can retain light absorption above 90% over a wide range wavelength of 400 nm – 1490 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this bandwidth is the highest among other reported studies that employ such multilayer architectures.