Production of sugar kelp, Saccharina latissima, has the potential of extracting nutrients and carbon from the seawater and returning it to land as a bioresource. The production thereby acts as an emission capture and utilization instrument contributing to mitigation of eutrophication and climate change. To achieve higher biomass yields improving the effects on climate and environment, and the economic feasibility of the production, cultivation techniques need to be optimized. In Denmark so far, S. latissima production yields have been lower than yields documented from Norway and the Faroe Islands. Use of alternative cultivation infrastructure designs with a higher line density per area, and better understanding the effects of annual and seasonal variations in abiotic parameters on growth, could lead the way towards a future higher yield of the S. latissima production. In this study, S. latissima was cultivated in a Danish commercial scale cultivation site for two consecutive seasons comparing the yields of different cultivation techniques: cultivation on nets and a multi-layer single line system, while also testing the possibility of coppicing the blades instead of applying a full harvest. Biomass yields of 5.0 - 6.8 kg FW m-1 cultivation line year-1, and 10.9 – 30.4 kg FW m-2 net structure were achieved. Biomass production, nutrient and carbon extraction potentials up to 91.3 t FW, 110 kg N, 13.1 kg P and 5.1 t C ha-1 were obtained using net cultivation systems and a 1.5 years growth period. Depth of cultivation had a significant effect on yield, but no effect on dry matter, C, N or P contents of S. latissima in a multi-layered line system. Biomass yields from the same system and site varied with a factor of four between years. The use of coppicing enabled multiple harvests of S. latissima, providing however biomass of reduced quality in the second year. This study demonstrates that the production yield of S. latissima can be increased by optimizing cultivation infrastructure, and indicates that net systems, or other cultivation systems with a high line density in the upper water column, can be a means to increase the areal yield of S. latissima.


ABSTRACT A detailed characterization of the dynamics and breadth of the immune response to an acute viral infection, as well as the determinants of recruitment to immunological memory, can greatly contribute to our basic understanding of the mechanics of the human immune system and can ultimately guide the design of effective vaccines. In addition to neutralizing antibodies, T cells have been shown to be critical for the effective resolution of acute viral infections. We report the first in-depth analysis of the dynamics of the CD8+ T cell repertoire at the level of individual T cell clonal lineages upon vaccination of human volunteers with a single dose of YF-17D. This live attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine yields sterile, long-term immunity and has been previously used as a model to understand the immune response to a controlled acute viral infection. We identified and enumerated unique CD8+ T cell clones specifically induced by this vaccine through a combined experimental and statistical approach that included high-throughput sequencing of the CDR3 variable region of the T cell receptor β-chain and an algorithm that detected significantly expanded T cell clones. This allowed us to establish that (i) on average, ∼2,000 CD8+ T cell clones were induced by YF-17D, (ii) 5 to 6% of the responding clones were recruited to long-term memory 3 months postvaccination, (iii) the most highly expanded effector clones were preferentially recruited to the memory compartment, and (iv) a fraction of the YF-17D-induced clones could be identified from peripheral blood lymphocytes solely by measuring clonal expansion. IMPORTANCE The exhaustive investigation of pathogen-induced effector T cells is essential to accurately quantify the dynamics of the human immune response. The yellow fever vaccine (YFV) has been broadly used as a model to understand how a controlled, self-resolving acute viral infection induces an effective and long-term protective immune response. Here, we extend this previous work by reporting the identity of activated effector T cell clones that expand in response to the YFV 2 weeks postvaccination (as defined by their unique T cell receptor gene sequence) and by tracking clones that enter the memory compartment 3 months postvaccination. This is the first study to use high-throughput sequencing of immune cells to characterize the breadth of the antiviral effector cell response and to determine the contribution of unique virus-induced clones to the long-lived memory T cell repertoire. Thus, this study establishes a benchmark against which future vaccines can be compared to predict their efficacy.


In 2008, 84% (459) of 548 women with pregnancies initially considered "low risk" requested to give birth under midwifery care at Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital. Of these, 42% (191) were referred to obstetric care during labor at term; however, we found no evidence that midwifery primary obstetric care is less safe for women with "low-risk" pregnancy than is standard obstetric care. Therefore, we recommend that midwifery care be promoted with an international collaborative effort.


Rationale: Although the effects of traffic‐related air pollution on respiratory exacerbations have been well documented, its impact on lung function in childhood remains unclear. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the associations of prenatal, early, and lifetime traffic‐related air pollution exposure with lung function at 8‐9 years studying possible effect modification by sex, sensitization at 8‐9 years, and early lower respiratory tract infections. Methods: We conducted this study among 788 children from the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) birth cohort. Lung function tests were performed during the medical examination at 8‐9 years. Traffic‐related air pollution exposure during each trimester of pregnancy was estimated using nitrogen oxides background measurements. Postnatal traffic‐related air pollution exposure was assessed by a nitrogen oxides air dispersion model at both residential and daycare/school addresses. Associations between lung function and traffic‐related air pollution exposure were analyzed by multiple linear regression models. Results: Higher prenatal nitrogen oxides levels, especially during the second trimester of pregnancy, were associated with a lower forced expiratory flow at 25‐75% of the forced vital capacity, but there were no significant associations between prenatal nitrogen oxide levels and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume during 1 second, or the forced expiratory volume during 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio overall. Postnatal traffic‐related air pollution exposure was associated with lower lung function among children with early lower respiratory tract infections or sensitization at 8‐9 years, but not in the full cohort. In children with early repeated lower respiratory tract infections, an interquartile increase in lifetime nitrogen oxides exposure was associated with both a lower forced expiratory volume during 1 second (−62.6 ml; 95% confidence interval = −107.0 to −18.1) and forced vital capacity (−55.7 ml; 95% confidence interval = −109.5 to −1.8), but was not associated with the forced expiratory volume during 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio. There was an association between greater early postnatal nitrogen oxide exposure and a lower forced expiratory volume during 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio among sensitized children (−0.65%; 95% confidence interval = −1.25 to −0.05). Conclusions: This study sheds new light, suggesting associations between postnatal traffic‐related air pollution exposure and reduced lung function may be enhanced by early, repeated lower respiratory tract infections or allergic sensitization.


The first record of Phorbia haberlandti (SCHINER, 1865) from Poland is given. One male was collected in Miechowska upland locality.


The formation of character is needed by adolescents in this era. It is based with the many phenomena of juvenile delinquency. Characters will not be formed away so it needs an effort should be made of teachers in shaping the character of teenagers. In addition, the authors found the variation of the efforts of teachers holistically so that teenagers will easily formed his character in accordance with the purpose of the character education. The problem of this research is how the character education model Vocational High School who applied in the implementation of the formation of character in SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. The purpose of this study is the author would like to know a clear picture of the implementation of character education model in efforts to form children's character in School SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. This paper discusses the character education model be applicable in the planting of character values to students in Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga. This type of research is a field research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods used include interviews, observation and documentation. As for analyzing the data obtained, the authors do by collecting all the data, reducing the data, presenting data, and verification of data. Results from this study showed that the model of character education is done to instill character values to learners School SMK Muhammadiyah 3 Purbalingga using reflective models. Use of the character models adhering to the principles of character education and values are developed in accordance with the level of development of learners.


The Moore Catchment, which lies to the north of Perth, WA, suffers from a number of problems related to water management. Farmers want to manage salinity and waterlogging problems through the use of drains, but this has negative off-farm impacts on both the environment and flood risk. Views on responsibilities for managing water within the catchment differ between farmers, local communities and government agencies. This paper reports the results from surveys of attitudes towards catchment management, for two community groups: residents of Perth and residents of rural towns in the catchment. A parallel study of farmers has been undertaken but is not reported here. These surveys elicited general attitudes towards the environment and agriculture, and views on responsibilities for managing the catchment. It also included a choice modelling section, where the attributes under consideration included the area of land under salt and trees, ecological risks to off-farm wetlands and risk of flooding, farm incomes and personal financial contributions to a management fund. Preliminary results indicate that residents of both rural towns and Perth are willing to pay to avoid damage to the natural environment, both on and off-farm, as well as the risk of flooding. Perhaps more surprisingly, whether farmers' incomes were being negatively affected in a choice set has a very strong impact on the choice made.


Distributed cyberinfrastructure requires users (and machines) to perform some sort of authentication and authorization (together simply known as \emph{auth}). In the early days of computing, authentication was performed with just a username and password combination, and this is still prevalent today. But during the past several years, we have seen an evolution of approaches and protocols for auth: Kerberos, SSH keys, X.509, OpenID, API keys, OAuth, and more. Not surprisingly, there are trade-offs, both technical and social, for each approach. The NSF Science Gateway communities have had to deal with a variety of auth issues. However, most of the early gateways were rather restrictive in their model of access and development. The practice of using community credentials (certificates), a well-intentioned idea to alleviate restrictive access, still posed a barrier to researchers and challenges for security and auditing. And while the web portal-based gateway clients offered users easy access from a browser, both the interface and the back-end functionality were constrained in the flexibility and extensibility they could provide. Designing a well-defined application programming interface (API) to fine-grained, generic gateway services (on secure, hosted cyberinfrastructure), together with an auth approach that has a lower barrier to entry, will hopefully present a more welcoming environment for both users and developers. This paper provides a review and some thoughts on these topics, with a focus on the role of auth between a Science Gateway and a service provider.


Nematodes inhabiting artificial water-filled tree holes were monitored over 16 months by placing 300 plastic cups in four forest areas. For the first time we investigated the importance of forest soils for nematode dispersal and colonisation of tree holes. On average, 91% of the cups were settled by a total of 35 species (maximum 58 336 individuals 100 cm −2 ). They were dominated by the bacterial feeder Dolichorhabditis dolichura (32.4%) and the hyphal feeders Laimaphelenchus penardi (23.6%) and Laimaphelenchus sp. (13.4%); 84.4% had lengths < 0.75 mm and in only 6% of the water-filled tree holes were male nematodes found. None of the most common species was detected in the soils of the sampling sites. However, a meta-community analysis revealed a random turnover. The properties of the identified nematodes (small body size, anhydrobiosis, parthenogenesis) made them highly amenable to dispersal by wind and account for their rapid colonisation of a wide range of habitats.


Although hematopoietic cytokine receptors lack tyrosine kinase domains, the binding of their ligands to the receptors induce rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of various cellular target proteins. The specific tyrosine kinases which phosphorylate these substrates, however, have not been identified, other than that JAK kinases which phosphorylate STAT proteins and the receptors. We found that the c-vav proto-oncogene product, Vav, is rapidly and transiently tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to erythropoietin and IL3 stimulations and that Tec kinase is also transiently activated by these cytokines. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Tec kinase binds to Vav upon these cytokine stimulations and that Grb2 constitutively associates with Vav. In vitro binding assays showed that erythropoietin and IL3 stimulation induce the specific binding of Vav to Tec kinase through Tec homology domains. We therefore concluded that Tec kinase is one of the key enzymes in Epo and IL3 receptor-mediated signaling pathways and that Vav plays an important role in the cytokine receptor-mediated signal transduction.


We discuss a general bipartite-like representation and Schmidt decomposition of an arbitrary pure state of N indistinguishable fermions, based on states of M < N and ( N - M ) fermions. It is directly connected with the reduced M - and ( N - M )-body density matrices (DMs), which have the same spectrum in such states. The concept of M -body entanglement emerges naturally in this scenario, generalizing that of one-body entanglement. Rigorous majorization relations satisfied by the normalized M -body DM are then derived, which imply that the associated entropy will not increase, on average, under a class of operations which have these DMs as post-measurement states. Moreover, such entropy is an upper bound to the bipartite entanglement entropy generated by a class of operations which map the original state to a bipartite state of M and N − M effectively distinguishable fermions. Analytic evaluation of the spectrum of M -body DMs in some strongly correlated fermionic states is also provided.


Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, Arthur L. Bowley Edgeworth's theory of duopoly price, A.J. Nichol leading British statisticians of the 19th century, Paul J. Fitzpatrick Professor Fleeming Jenkin, 1833-1885 - pioneer in engineering and political economy, A.D. Brownie and M.F. Lloyd Prichard a correction on the geneology of the so-called Edgeworth-Bowley diagram, Vincent J. Tarascio Edgeworth's theory of recontract, Donald A. Walker Edgeworth's contract curve - Part 1 - a propaecleutic essay in clarification, William Jaffe Edgeworth's contract curve - Part 2 - two figures in its protohistory - Aristotle and Gossen, William Jaffe Edgeworth's propositions on altruism, David Collard Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, statistician, Stephen M. Stigler some recent interpretations of "Mathematical Psychics", John Creedy some recent interpretations of "Mathematical Psychics" - a reply, Vincent J. Tarascio Rawls, Edgeworth, Shapley, Nash - theories of distributive justice re-examined, Menahem E. Yaar difficulties with the element of time and the "principles" of economics or some lies my teacher told me, Lawrence A. Boland biological theory and technological entrepreneurship in Marshall's writings, Laurence Moss F.Y. Edgeworth's mathematical training, J. Creedy the scope and method of economic science, Phyllis Deane Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, Sir John Hicks on the notion of short-run and long-run - Marshall, Ricardo and equilibrium theories, O.F. Hamouda Edgeworth - utilitarianism and arbitration, John Creedy physics and the "Marginalist Revolution", Philip Mirowski Robert Giffen and the Irish potato - note, Ulrich Kohli Edgeworth, Samuelson, and operationally meaningful theorems, Bruce Larson Edgeworth's contribution to the theory of Ramsey pricing, Jun-ji Shih.


Summary This study compares the ability to scavenge different peroxyl radicals and to act as chain-breaking antioxidants of monomers related to curcumin (1): dehydrozingerone (2), zingerone (3), (2Z,5E)-ethyl 2-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxohexa-2,5-dienoate (4), ferulic acid (5) and their corresponding C 2-symmetric dimers 6–9. Four models were applied: model 1 – chemiluminescence (CL) of a hydrocarbon substrate used for determination of the rate constants (k A) of the reactions of the antioxidants with peroxyl radicals; model 2 – lipid autoxidation (lipidAO) used for assessing the chain-breaking antioxidant efficiency and reactivity; model 3 – oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), which yields the activity against peroxyl radicals generated by an azoinitiator; model 4 – density functional theory (DFT) calculations at UB3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level, applied to explain the structure–activity relationship. Dimers showed 2–2.5-fold higher values of k A than their monomers. Model 2 gives information about the effects of the side chains and revealed much higher antioxidant activity for monomers and dimers with α,β-unsaturated side chains. Curcumin and 6 in fact are dimers of the same monomer 2. We conclude that the type of linkage between the two "halves" by which the molecule is made up does not exert influence on the antioxidant efficiency and reactivity of these two dimers. The dimers and the monomers demonstrated higher activity than Trolox (10) in aqueous medium (model 3). A comparison of the studied compounds with DL-α-tocopherol (11), Trolox and curcumin is made. All dimers are characterized through lower bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) than their monomers (model 4), which qualitatively supports the experimental results.


This book investigates the working mechanisms of public opinion in Late Republican Rome as a part of informal politics. It explores the political interaction (and sometimes opposition) between the elite and the people through various means, such as rumours, gossip, political literature, popular verses and graffiti. It also proposes the existence of a public sphere in Late Republican Rome and analyses public opinion in that time as a system of control. By applying the spatial turn to politics, it becomes possible to study sociability and informal meetings where public opinion circulated. What emerges is a wider concept of the political participation of the people, not just restricted to voting or participating in the assemblies.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the incidence, diagnostic possibilities and surgical strategy for Bochdalek hernias in adults.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Bochdalek hernias were diagnosed in 7 (9.2%) out of 76 patients with diaphragmatic hernias (age 49-63 years). The left-sided hernia was diagnosed in 5 patients (71.4%), right-sided - 1 patient, bilateral hernia - 1 patient.

RESULTS
The disease was diagnosed during routine X-ray examination in 5 cases. Two patients complained of breathlessness and abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed displacement of retroperitoneal fat (n=6), kidney (n=3), adrenal gland (n=2), pancreas (n=1) and colon (n=1) towards the diaphragm. In one case, ureter angulation caused kidney dysfunction. Mean dimension of hernial orifice was 7.9±3.1 cm. Two patients without any clinical and functional manifestations did not require surgery. In 1 case, surgery was contraindicated due to cardiac comorbidities. The fourth one refused surgery. Three (42%) patients underwent surgery. In the first case, diaphragm repair was performed through the right-sided thoracic approach in combination with nephrectomy because of kidney dysfunction. In the second case, we performed left-sided thoracotomy, in one case - video-assisted thoracoscopy. One patient died from recurrent mesenteric thrombosis accompanied by bowel necrosis after nephrectomy.

CONCLUSION
Bochdalek hernias in adults are most often right-sided and contain fat tissue. Surgical treatment is required in case of displacement of internal organs, clinical manifestations, compression and functional disturbances.


A problem of children being exposed to pornographic Web sites on the Internet has led to their safety issues. To prevent the children from these inappropriate materials, an effective Web filtering system is essential. Content-based Web filtering is one of the important techniques to handle and filter inappropriate information on the web. In this paper, we examine a content-based analysis technique to filter the pornographic Web sites. Then, our system consists of two primary content-based filtering techniques such as text and image. For text analysis, the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm and N-gram model based on Bayes' theorem is applied and experimented to filter pornographic text for both Thai and English language web sites. Meanwhile, we build and examine an image filtering system with a hierarchical image filtering method. It consists of two main processes such as normalized R/G ratio which is using the pixel ratios (red and green color channels) and human composition matrix (HCM) based on skin detection. The empirical results show that our analysis methods of text and image are more effective for pornographic Web filtering. Finally, we have modeled a pornographic web filter using content-based analysis into our Anti-X system.


In this article the basic strategic guidelines of logistics infrastructure functioning in the sea-farming complex ofUkraineare grounded. It is identified that the modern logistics infrastructure of the seafarming complex ofUkraineis characterized by a rather low level of development, substantial price disparities, high level of monopolization. The typical objects of logistics infrastructure include the prodution enterprises, warehouses, loading and unloading terminals and retail shops. The modern level of development of Ukrainian logistics infrastructure is studied. The volumes of cargo transportation, including marine ways are analyzed. It is noted thatUkrainecan become a convenient link in the service of cargo-traffic between Europe andAsiathanks to the favorable geographical location according to the estimations of specialists of the Ministry of Infrastructure. It is proved that the negative factors which affect the development of logistics services market are the dissatisfaction with the demand for warehouses and the transportation infrastructure is not enough developed, as well as the lack of qualified staff in the field of logistics. The prospects of logistic infrastructure development in the sea-farming complex ofUkraineare determined. Under the globalization of national economies the development of sea-farming complex has a strategic priority. The transformation of its logistics infrastructure must be based on a systematic approach which will include a study of the strategy of its development and detailization in strategic and current plans on the macro and micro levels. The main result of logistics infrastructure of sea-farming complex should be a minimization of the expenses for maintenance of material flows and their environmental safety.


Primary health care center as the first line of health services which have the function of improving the health of individuals and communities to be supported with quality pharmaceutical services. The modification of the orientation of pharmaceutical care from drug oriented to patient oriented also requires pharmacist to be able to provide quality services. Measurement of quality of pharmaceutical services could be done by measuring patient satisfaction. There are five dimention of quality of pharmaceutical services, namely tangibles, responsiveness, reliability, assurance, and empathy. Indicator of pharmaceutical services depend on standart of pharmaceutical services in  primary health care center by Health Department of Indonesia.
The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction with Likert scale for the quality pharmaceutical services at 58 primary health care center in Surabaya. Accidental sampling method was conducted by collecting data from 581 patients and fullfilled the inclusion criteria. Data were anaylized by customer window methods.
In customer window method, the result showed that indicator of pharmaceutical service that had inadequate performance and should be enhanced, include providing information of therapeutic duration and confirmation of drugs information to the patients. Indicator of pharmaceutical service of that had should be improved to achieve good pharmaceutical services.


Background: Immediate or delayed catheter drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis remains a subject of debate. The present study aimed to evaluate the optimum timing for drainage in patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Methods: A prospective, observational study was undertaken at the Department of Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), between 1st March 2018 and 6th July 2020. All patients 18 years or older presenting with acute pancreatitis (AP) in whom necrotizing pancreatitis was confirmed or suspected were enrolled in the study. The exclusion criteria included prior intervention for necrotizing pancreatitis. Those who were diagnosed with infected necrotizing pancreatitis were labeled as Group A and Group B. Group A patients underwent immediate catheter drainage (within 24 h of admission) while Group B patients underwent delayed drainage (after 24 h). Clinical outcome variables including complication rate, mortality, length of hospital, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay were collected in a predefined pro forma. Results: One hundred and thirty patients were enrolled in the study. There were 65 patients in each group. The present study revealed no significant differences in patient outcomes in the immediate drainage group vs. the postponed drainage group. Overall, the mortality rate was 15.38% in Group A while the mortality rate was a little lower in Group B, i.e. 10.77% (p=0.44). The acute onset multiple organ failure was lower in Group A as compared to Group B, however, the difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.08). The rate of wound infection rate was 10.77% and 15.38% in Group A and Group B, respectively (p=0.61). Conclusion: In the present study, we failed to find any significant difference between the immediate and postponed drainage group in terms of patient outcome. As per current findings, the timing of drainage did not impact the prognosis of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.


Objective: study the effect of decreasing the upper limit of reference range of TSH levels in diabetic patients without known dysthyroïdies on the prevalence of diabetic complications. Design and method: Data were collected in diabetic out-patients without known dysthyroïdies in whome TSH levels were greater than 0.4mIU/L. TSH levels at the upper reference range (URR) were defined between 2.5 and 4 mIU/L. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS software. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Normal TSH values were observed in 76 diabetic patients, in whom 25 have TSH at URR. Subclinical hypothyroidism was noted in 18 patients. When TSH levels were at URR, we observed intermediate frequencies in hyperlipidemia, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Binary logistic regression analysis showed significant association between TSH levels compared to 2.5 mIU/L and hyperlipidemia*retinopathy interaction. Conclusions: An independent association seemed to be present between TSH levels greater than 2.5mIU/L and diabetic complications. A systematic thyroid function tests, with a lowered upper limit of reference range, would be discussed in the management of diabetic patients.


A three-dimensional (3D) hybrid-particle model is developed for investigation of magnetic reconnection in the Swarthmore Spheromak Experiment (SSX). In this numerical model, ions are treated as fully kinetic particles, and electrons are treated as a massless fluid. The plasma responds to the electromagnetic fields in a self-consistent manner. The simulation is performed in a cylindrical domain. Initially, a pair of counter-helicity spheromaks are assumed, in which the magnetic field and plasma pressure are set up according to the MHD equilibrium. The ion particles are loaded with a Maxwellian distribution function. As the simulation proceeds, magnetic reconnection takes place at the current sheet between the pair of spheromak fields. Plasma is ejected away from the X line towards the central axis, where heating of the transmitted ion is found. Meanwhile, quadrupole out-of-plane magnetic field structure associated with the Hall effects is present around the reconnection site. The preliminary simulation shows consistency with the SSX experiment in several aspects.


Land-based aquaculture facilities experience occasional hypercapnic conditions due to the accumulation of the metabolic waste product carbon dioxide. Pre-gonadal Lytechinus variegatus (horizontal diameter = 20 mm) were exposed to control (608 μatm pCO2, pH 8.1) or hypercapnic conditions (1738 μatm pCO2, pH 7.7) in synthetic seawater for 14 weeks. Sea urchins exposed to hypercapnic conditions exhibited significantly slower growth (reduced dry matter production), primarily due to reduced test production. Higher fecal production rates and lower ash absorption efficiency (%) in individuals exposed to hypercapnic conditions suggest the ability to process or retain dietary carbonates may have been affected. Significant increases in neutral lipid storage in the gut and increased soluble protein storage in the gonads of individuals exposed to hypercapnic conditions suggest alterations in nutrient metabolism and storage. Furthermore, organic production and energy allocation increased in the lantern of those individuals exposed to hypercapnic conditions. These results suggest chronic exposure to hypercapnic conditions alters nutrient allocation to organ systems and functions, leading to changes in somatic and reproductive production.


Animal Care Committees (ACCs) in Canada operate within guidelines established by the Canadian Council on Animal Care, an autonomous advisory and supervisory body sponsored by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. ACCs are established to ensure appropriate, humane use of animals in research and teaching, including the adoption of valid alternatives. Their role includes an educative responsibility: to ensure that both ACC members and scientists using animals are acquainted with the ethical issues surrounding animal use and principles relating to refinement of techniques, reduction of numbers used and replacement where possible.Strategies employed by one university ACC consistent with these aims are described and evaluated. Qualitative and quantitative data are presented derived from participant observation by the author as an ACC member, committee protocols, minutes and other records and a survey of animal users ' perceptions of the role and value of the ACC. Results indicated a relatively low level of familiarity with ethical principles relating to the humane treatment of animals, although regulations governing housing and care were well known.


A new classification system, termed complex regional pain syndromes types I and II, has been devised to replace the nomenclature of pain disorders previously termed reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia. CRPS type I does not have identifiable major nerve injury, whereas CRPS type II has an identifiable major nerve injury. The classification is based on clinical symptoms and signs without incorporating any mechanistic connotations. These CRPS disorders may have SMP, SIP, or both.


Abstract The study examines the contemporary normative debate on social justice from the perspective of the normative political theory of "egalitarian liberalism". Contrary to an anti-egalitarian liberal political theory, or "libertarianism", the argument is that a notion of "effective freedom", and not negative freedom, is central to egalitarian liberalism. Additionally, in contrast to a theoretical current of egalitarianism known as "luck egalitarianism", the article further argues that although egalitarian liberalism assigns special importance to individual responsibility, it does so (unlike luck egalitarianism) without implying any concession to the conservative critique of egalitarianism and the state's redistributive action.


This paper investigates the use of amplifier linearization for performance improvement on a power amplifier developed for a wide-band CDMA (W-CDMA) system. A predistortion technique was chosen due to its compact size, which is suitable to implement in handsets. A predistorter (PD) monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit based on a heterojunction FET (HJFET) was designed and fabricated. Depending on the control voltage, the PD achieves both gain expansion and compression characteristics, which is shown to be important for compensating various amplifier nonlinearities. The power performances of an HJFET amplifier with and without a PD are compared. Due to the variation of the amplifier's responses under high and low quiescent current levels, the PD response required for optimum distortion cancellation in each case is examined. The linearized amplifier demonstrates a state-of-the-art power-added efficiency (PAE) of 57.4% under W-CDMA criteria, resulting from a 5-dB reduction in adjacent channel leakage power ratio. In addition, the use of power control in a W-CDMA system requires amplifiers with good efficiency over a wide range of output power. By combining a bias control scheme with predistortion, it is shown that a high PAE of over 40% can also be achieved for a 20 dB output power range. The improvements achieved are attributed to the alleviation of amplifier's nonlinearities after linearization.


Global warming is predicted to cause significant changes to the world's climate, but uncertainties remain about the precise nature of these changes. This is particularly true with regard to possible changes at a regional or local level and to changes in the climate extremes that produce catchment flooding. Such changes might include more frequent short-duration, high-intensity rainfall or more frequent periods of long-duration, sustained rainfall of the type responsible for the Autumn 2000 floods. To address the uncertainty surrounding this issue, DEFRA guidance on flood defence scheme appraisal currently suggests sensitivity allowances for climate change, for example a 20% increase in peak flows over the next 50 years.

The need to further develop this policy and guidance on climate change impacts is being informed by improved modelling capabilities and climate change scenarios. For example, statistical rainfall models and fine resolution regional climate model data are now available to drive the hydrological models used to investigate the potential impacts of climate change on flood flows. CEH-Wallingford has been commissioned by DEFRA and the Environment Agency to use these data sets and models to assess the impacts and this paper describes the final project results for a range of catchments across the UK.


Summary Safety and quality standards for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been introduced regionally. In 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a rule to regulate e-cigarettes, requiring to report harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs). In the United Kingdom, the British Standards Institution (BSI) specified the metals to be monitored for e-cigarettes. In this study, a method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 13 metals (Be, Al, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sn and Pb) in e-cigarette aerosol. Furthermore, matrix effects of major constituents in the aerosol were investigated using glycerol or 1,2-propylene glycol solutions. E-cigarette aerosol was generated by a rotary smoking machine according to CORESTA Recommended Method N° 81 and collected by an electrostatic precipitator coupled to an impinger containing nitric acid. The collected aerosol was dissolved in nitric acid and an aliquot of this solution was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) equipped with a collision/reaction cell. The linearity of the calibration curve was observed in the range of 0.2 to 100 ng/mL for each analyte; the correlation coefficients were 0.998 or larger, the mean recovery of each standard level ranged from 92.6 to 104.5% and the relative standard deviation amounted to max. 9.5%. Accuracy, repeatability and specificity were validated by spiking three different amounts of analytes into e-cigarette aerosol; the mean recovery of each spiking level ranged from 88.7 to 110.3% with a relative standard deviation amounting to max. 9.2% for all analytes. Background contamination from aerosol generation and collection system existed for some analytes, especially for Al, Fe, Cu and Sn. The potential sources of contamination should be identified and controlled to reduce the impact of contamination on quantification. In addition, the actual values for samples should be reported with method blank statistics. Increase of the concentrations of glycerol and 1,2-propylene glycol in the prepared sample led to the overestimation of As and Se. The amount of polyols in the collected aerosol should be monitored and controlled for the accurate quantification of As and Se.


Multinucleated giant cell formation in a clone of BHK-21 cells, BHK-21-528, was tested with certain arboviruses. Eleven out of 19 viruses tested, Chikungunya, Getah, Sagiyama, Sindbis, Western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, Bunyamwera, Germiston and California encephalitis virus induced cell fusion after infection. All cases where giant cells were observed during the experiments, involved the B type cell fusion (fusion from within).


Natural perlite material was added for the first time into a polyester filament yarn structure. The water absorption and heat and sound insulation properties of the fabrics produced from textured and twisted polyester yarns containing 1.25% perlite additive were tested, and the results were compared with those obtained on the fabrics produced from reference polyester yarns. Although there are differences between the mechanical properties of the polyester yarns, the yarns including perlite remained within commercial usage limits. The thermal resistance values of polyester sateen fabrics obtained from perlite-containing yarns were higher than those of the reference fabrics. The contribution of perlite led to a marked improvement, especially in the hydrophilicity and sound insulation of the polyester fabrics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43128.


With care to provide properly chosen masking sounds, masking can help in 60-80% of clinically significant tinnitus cases. There is no universal masker; instead, an individual evaluation of each patient's tinnitus must be performed in order to match the masking sounds to the patient's audiogram and the spectral characteristics of the tinnitus. Successful long-term masking can usually be achieved in patients for whom (1) hearing impairment is not excessive. (2) the tinnitus frequency, FT, can be reliably located, and (3) the tinnitus can be completely masked by a band of noise at or near FT at a low sensation level. Such patients often experience residual inhibition (temporary suppression of tinnitus upon cessation of masking) which may accumulate with sustained use of masking, in some cases becoming permanent. Long-term masking is difficult or impossible for patients whose hearing is so impaired they cannot hear the masker, or those for whom the masking sounds must be presented at unacceptably loud levels to obtain adequate coverage of the tinnitus. There is a great need for additional work to determine what factors influence the effectiveness of masking, in order to improve our ability to provide appropriate masking stimuli even for the difficult cases.


A beam of two-level atoms or ions excited by the resonant laser radiation orthogonal to the beam is observed from the third orthogonal direction. The well known resonance fluorescence three-peaked spectrum is deformed when the atoms or ions forming the beam oscillate at the Rabi frequency in the direction of the laser radiation wavevector, and the characteristic feature appears on the spectrum. The calculation based on the Bloch equations is presented and possible applications of the effect are discussed.


Public policies, particularly those related to tax policy and subsidies, should help reduce poverty and inequality. However, the combination of the components of these two systems, as implemented, leads sometimes to an increase in poverty and/or inequality without this being necessarily visible. In this paper, based on data from the 2019 wave of the ONDH Household Panel Survey from Morocco, we first highlight the ifluence of taxes and subsidies on household incomes. We then derive the income variations relating to the tax burden and gains from subsidies for the different population groups. We then characterize taxes and subsidies in terms of their progressiveness and regressiveness. Finally, using a Shapley decomposition, we determine the contribution of each tax and subsidy to poverty and inequality measures. This analysis is done separately for rural and urban areas, useful to formulate recommendations on this basis. Our results show that the tax and subsidy system, taken all together, is redistributive. We can also conclude unambiguously that this system reduces poverty and inequality. However, the value-added tax (VAT) is regressive in its current form, unlike income tax, which is progressive. Finally, subsidies for primary and secondary education are highly progressive, while those for higher education are regressive,benefiting the wealthiest quintiles.


Developing a security module with accurate, effective face recognition and fingerprint recognition is dealt in my paper. Personal safety and unique identification of a individual is necessary and it plays an vital role in certain situations where only the authorized persons can access the resources particularly in the secured storage of medicines, jewels, documentations, mines, militaries, laboratories, ATMs, ration shops, universities and places were harmful items were placed and dealt on it. Government organizations are nowadays investing huge money and looking for improving security systems in feedback with the recent terrorism that affects the country's safety mechanism. Thus to prevent mishandling of secured data and misuse of it by unauthorized persons particularly hackers and anti social elements. My paper deals with the technology to prevent unauthorized usage of secured resources, ensuring unique identity and safety with the usage of fuzzy logic, and neural networks in implementing face recognition techniques and also an advanced technique on fingerprint recognition. Fingerprint recognition technique is used for allowing access only to the stored fingerprints, and my proposed system can be effectively utilized in the event of complete shut down or drained battery, thus retaining all stored fingerprints for cross verification with the data and access can be allowed. Face recognition technique is effectively used in place of failure of biometric technology. Where, it is not applicable to non-consistent people, so incorporating neural algorithms thus enabling secure access. Effective face recognition methodologies and improved fingerprint recognition techniques are dealt in this paper with effectiveness.


Background: The occurrence of peroneal neuropathy was reported to be higher in cancer patients than in non-cancer patients. Cancer patients should have their nutritional intake carefully managed in order to minimize weight loss and avoid the occurrence of peroneal neuropathy. However, the effect of nutrition support on the prevention of peroneal neuropathy is not understood. Aims: The present study aimed to assess epidemiologically the effect of nutrition support on the occurrence of peroneal neuropathy in cancer patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study in 178,597 cancer patients admitted to Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital from 2002 to 2017. The rates of peroneal neuropathy were assessed between the 8-year period before nutrition support started and the 7-year period during which nutrition support performed. Results: Twenty-nine and 14 cases of peroneal neuropathy occurred in the periods without and with nutrition support, respectively. Compared with the period without nutrition support, the risk of peroneal neuropathy decreased by 62% during the period with nutrition support (odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.74; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests the preventive effects of nutrition support on peroneal neuropathy in cancer patients.


P. Kulish considered the farmer traditions in the context of natural harmonious life and observance of the laws of Scripture as an effective defense against the victorious advance of global urban civilization on the spiritual and moral-ethical space of his contemporary. The writer's attitude to the threats to the Ukrainian society, which went from cultivating consumer tastes, the desire to compete in the pursuit of comfort and fashion, supported in his work I. Nechui-Levitsky, tracing in the story "Unequal paths" the path of rapid decline of two families (rural and countryside), as a result of their capture of the false values of the world of accumulation and vanity.
The proposed article traces the organic connection and creative interpretation of P. Kulish's views expressed in the journalistic series "Letters from the Farm", with the ideological sounding of I. Nechuy-Levitsky's "Unequal Paths", in which the author explored the causes and catastrophic consequences of neglecting genus traditions and
choosing it as priorities for self-centeredness and hedonism. Attention is drawn to the close connection of the influence of irradiated Kiev (or St. Petersburg) on the heroes of the work (Vanatovich, Mikhail Ulasevich) with their internal readiness to become werewolf adapters for the career, state awards or approving reviews in urban private salons. The article analyzes the writer's characteristics and sketches of rural and Kiev
bohemian life on emotional, psychological, household, economic, custom, value, ultural
and educational levels, emphasizes on presented in the work conflict not only the generation of parents and children, but also on conflict - values colonial morality and
entertainment culture, on the one hand, and traditions of the genus and true education, on the other. Also it is showed the figures of new heroes of society, whose life paths are
directed not to the search for pleasure, but to help their people through enlightenment and introduction of modern technologies in agriculture.
Keywords: rural civilization, a world of accumulation and vanity, traditions of the genus, colonial morality.


Wind energy has become a rapidly growing source of renewable electricity; world generating capacity is growing at 20-30% per year (IEA, 2008). Wind offers a fantastic opportunity for clean energy generation in Maine, and will support local community economies. However, the turbines that produce this clean energy typically stand over 250 feet tall and can be seen on their mountaintop perches for miles. Many consider them to be visually intrusive and fight to stop wind farm projects in their planning stages (Curtis, 2011). Maine has numerous wind farms already in operation, with many more in the planning and proposal stages (NRCM, 2012b). Private wind energy company Iberdrola Renewables, LLC has proposed to construct a 60-80MW wind farm on Fletcher Mountain in the Lexington Township and Somerset County area (NRCM, 2012a). Another company, Eolian Renewable Energy, LLC, has proposed a 10-18MW wind farm on Mt. Waldo in Frankfort, Maine (Waldo Community Wind, 2012). We set out to answer, how much land would be visually impacted by the construction of these two proposed wind farms? Results


(1) Background: COVID-19 has affected millions of people worldwide, but countries with high experimental anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rates among the general population respectively show progress in achieving general herd immunity in the population (a combination of natural and vaccine-induced acquired immunity), resulting in a significant reduction in both newly detected infections and mortality rates. However, the longevity of the vaccines' ability to provide protection against the ongoing pandemic is still unclear. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have new medications to fight against the pandemic at the earliest point possible. Recently, it has been found that repurposing already existing drugs could, in fact, be an ideal strategy to formulate effective medication for COVID-19. Though there are many FDA-approved drugs, it has been found that niclosamide (NIC), an anthelmintic drug, has significantly high potential against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (2) Methods: Here we deployed a simple self-assembling technique through which Zein nanoparticles were successfully used to encapsulate NIC, which was then coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in order to improve the drugs' stability, injectablity, and selectivity towards the virus-infected cells. (3) Results: The particle size for the BSA-stabilized Zein-NIC nanohybrid was found to be less than 200 nm, with excellent colloidal stability and sustained drug release properties. In addition, the nanohybrid showed enhanced drug release behavior under serum conditions, indicating that such a hybrid drug delivery system could be highly beneficial for treating COVID-19 patients suffering from high endothelial glycocalyx damage followed by a cytokine storm related to the severe inflammations.


Optimal treatment for patients with mental health illness depends upon accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment, patient adherence to effective agents, and an intact family support system. Healthcare system (eg, limited access to certain medications), provider (eg, bias and discrimination), and patient factors (eg, biologic and cultural) greatly influence the level of mental health care given, especially to minority populations. Furthermore, limited data in Untitled Page file://///10.1.1.14/data_bsb/Archival/Scanning/Clinic-Suppl/10-s2/s5.htm 1 of 11 9/14/2012 7:11 PM African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians suggest that there are racial, ethnic, and cultural variations in responsiveness to antipsychotic medications, as well as potential differences in the types, rates, and severity of adverse events. Non-Caucasian patients tend to receive older, less-expensive agents, sometimes at higher doses (African Americans, leading to potentially intolerable side effects and early withdrawal of therapy or a less than optimal therapeutic response, respectively. Differences in response may have a biologic, pharmacokinetic, or pharmacodynamic basis and may also be influenced by lifestyle factors (eg, diet, smoking). Variations in dopamine receptor occupancy and cytochrome P450 polymorphism may explain some racial/ethnic differences in antipsychotic effects and adverse-event profiles, suggesting that dosing may need to be individualized based on ethnicity. The newer atypical antipsychotics, while seemingly better tolerated compared with conventional antipsychotics, may not be totally devoid of bothersome side effects (eg, extrapyramidal side effects) in minorities. While further research is needed, recognition of potential interracial/ethnic pharmacogenetic differences may help minimize intolerable side effects and achieve optimal psychosis management.


BACKGROUND
Individuals carrying the Glu487Lys coding mutation in the gene for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) have a diminished capacity to metabolize acetaldehyde. This deficiency leads to increases in blood acetaldehyde levels when they consume ethanol, which results in an aversion to alcohol and in marked protection against alcoholism. In the present studies, we aimed to mimic the high-acetaldehyde low-ALDH2 activity phenotype in a rat hepatoma cell line by inhibiting Aldh2 gene expression by an Aldh2 antisense-coding gene carried by an adenoviral vector.

METHODS
We designed and produced elevated titers of adenoviral vectors (10 virions/ml) carrying Aldh2 cDNA cloned in the reverse orientation preceded by a CMV promoter and followed by a poly-A termination signal. Rat hepatoma cells were infected with these vectors.

RESULTS
Studies showed that 1) the antisense gene is actively transcribed in the cells and high levels of antisense mRNA are attained, 2) the antisense gene reduced ALDH2 activity by 65%, and 3) when incubated with 10 mM ethanol, acetaldehyde accumulation by cells increased 8-fold to levels (80-90 microM) known to be aversive to animals and humans.

CONCLUSIONS
Data presented show that antialcohol drugs that inhibit Aldh2 gene expression can be generated endogenously in liver cells infected by an adenoviral vector carrying an antisense-coding gene, thus mimicking the high-acetaldehyde phenotype that exists in humans carrying the Glu487Lys mutation who are protected against alcoholism.


The double-stranded panhandle structure of the influenza virus RNA is important for replication, transcription and packaging into the virion of the virion RNA. The solution structure of a 34 nt RNA which contains the conserved panhandle sequences has been investigated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The partially complementary 5'- and 3'-ends of the RNA form a double helical structure which is, on average, close to A-form. The stem contains bulges at nucleotides A10, A12 and C26. In between these bulges, C11 and G25 form a Watson-Crick base pair. The structural features of the panhandle provide a framework for the explanation of mutational analysis and for a better understanding of RNA-polymerase interactions.


Iron has been diffused into GaAs from the vapour phase. Use has been made of radiotracer techniques, electrical measurements and electron paramagnetic resonance to investigate the properties of the material after diffusion. The iron is found to behave as a net acceptor in material that was originally n-type but its electrical activity is only about 0.5. It is concluded that the diffusion mechanism is primarily interstitial but that most of the iron in the bulk of a specimen is substitutional. Close to the surface of a diffused slice the situation is less clear and it seems likely that the iron is incorporated in the form of some complex.


Data processing in coherent optical systems has been limited to a large extent by operations involving spectrum manipulations through the Fourier transform. By appropriate modification of the Green function kernel of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, it should be possible to obtain transform relationships between the input and output of a coherent processor, other than the Fourier transform. Cutrona has suggested a possible implementation for a Laplace transformer but has apparently not attempted a physical realization [IRE Trans. Inf. Theory IT-6, 386 (1960)]. In this study, a Laplace transform computer is described in which it is found that spatial bandlimiting is a restriction on its usefulness. To compensate for this bandlimiting, a convergence filter is described along with a method to produce this and other spatial filters physically for optical processors.


AIM To describe how successful Latina prenursing students experience and respond to academic challenges. BACKGROUND Nursing schools are challenged to enhance persistence and graduation rates of Hispanic students to meet the health care needs of the Hispanic population in the United States. METHOD The researcher used private semistructured interviews to explore the lived experiences of six successful Latina students when they encountered academic challenges in prerequisite nursing courses. RESULTS Seven superordinate themes emerged through interpretative phenomenological analysis: a) facing academic challenges, b) recognizing emotional response, c) seeking help, d) transcending academic challenges, e) owning knowledge, f) persevering, and g) living out values and beliefs. CONCLUSION Faculty need to recognize and respond to the importance of family, relationships, values, and beliefs to academic success among Latinas. Promoting academic success of Latina prenursing students helps prepare a health care workforce that reflects the population of the United States.


The Hartree—Fock functions have been obtained in the Roothaan—Hartree—Fock approximation for the neutral, first positive, and first negative ions of the elements Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, and Kr. The ground and the excited states of the ground‐state configuration are reported. With this paper, we have completed the analysis of the first third of the periodic system in the Roothaan—Hartree—Fock approximation. The experiences gained in this work were used in analyzing the major obstacles which lie ahead in order to complete the analysis to the remaining elements of the periodic system. The major obstacles are (i) in the treatment of the relativistic energy, (ii) in the construction of a ``control program'' which will supervise the use of a relativistic Hartree—Fock program, and (iii) in the programmation of a relativistic Hartree—Fock program which combines speed and accuracy.


Occasionally, in
complex inherent characteristics of certain rocks, especially anisotropic rocks
it may be difficult to measure the uniaxial compressive strength UCS. However,
the use of empirical relationships to evaluate the UCS of rock can be more
practical and economical. Consequently, this study carried out to predict UCS
from microfabrics properties of banded amphibolite rocks using multiple
regression analysis. Based on statistical results, rock microfabric parameters,
which adequately represent the UCS of a given rock type have been selected. The
results show that grain size, shape factor and quartz content have high
significant correlation with UCS at 95% confidence level. From multiple
regression model, approximately 84% of the variance of the UCS can be estimated
by the linear combination of these three parameters. However, according to
model performance criteria: correlation coefficient (R = 0.919), variance account
for (VAF = 97%) and root mean square error (RMSE = 4.16) the study clearly
indicates that the developed model is reliable to predict the UCS. Finally,
this approach can be easily extended to the modeling of rock strength in the absence
of adequate geological information or abundant data.


Most soils in the tropical region are highly weathered and infertile. A sustainable crop production system must adopt an ecological approach, using balanced nutrient inputs from inorganic, organic and biological sources. Achieving food security for a rapidly expanding population in the tropics means intensifying food production on existing cropland through enhanced nutrient input and recycling. While nitrogen may be generated through biological N fixation, other nutrients, especially phosphorus, must be supplied from external sources to achieve higher crop yields. The use of organic inputs is essential to maintain adequate physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. Features of nutrient management in large portions of the tropical region are as follows: (1) low nutrient reserves in arable soils, (2) a negative nutrient balance on cropland, (3) small family farms, and (4) multiple cropping with few or no external nutrient inputs. Acceptable technologies must be developed and implemented to ensure economically viable and ecologically sound nutrient-conserving cropping systems that integrate N-fixing plant species with food crops. Fuelwood and fodder production systems in an integrated watershed management approach will spare crop residues for use as mulching materials on cropland or for compost production. Phosphorus inputs are needed to sustain crop yields on highly weathered soils. Programs for integrating livestock and food crop production are needed for more efficient use of animal manure and household waste on cropland.


Skin prick tests with therapeutic chymopapain (CP) solution, 10 mg/mL, were administered prior to CP injection. Three of 232 (1%) of patients with negative skin tests and 5/6 (83%) of patients with positive skin tests reacted to the therapeutic injection of CP. A positive CP skin test is a contraindication to therapeutic CP injection.


Exposure of tissues and organs to low oxygen (hypoxia) occurs in both physiological and pathological conditions in animals. Under these conditions, organisms have to adapt their physiology to ensure proper functioning and survival. Here we define a role for the transcription factor FOXO as a mediator of hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila. We find that upon hypoxia exposure, FOXO transcriptional activity is rapidly induced in both larvae and adults. Moreover, we see that foxo mutant animals show misregulated glucose metabolism in low oxygen and subsequently exhibit reduced hypoxia survival. We identify the innate immune transcription factor, NF-KappaB/Relish, as a key FOXO target in the control of hypoxia tolerance. We find that expression of Relish and its target genes are increase in a FOXO-dependent manner in hypoxia, and that relish mutant animals show reduced survival in hypoxia. Together, these data indicate that FOXO is a hypoxia inducible factor that mediates tolerance to low oxygen by inducing immune-like responses.


An in-depth understanding of psychological symptoms and mindfulness of men and women with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may help develop sex-specific treatments and outcomes. This study aimed to examine differences in depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness between men and women undergoing PCI using a convenience sample of 114 participants (81 men and 33 women) with PCI at a university hospital in 2013. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and the Korean version of the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale were administered. The depression, anxiety, and stress scores of women were higher than those of men, with no significant differences in mindfulness between the two sexes. The comparison of cutoff scores for severity (normal scores vs. ≥ mild) of depression, anxiety, and stress for men versus women revealed a higher proportion of women in the ≥ mild categories for the three components. Women who received PCI showed greater psychological distress than men. Therefore, awareness of these differences may alert cardiovascular nurses to employ systematic vigilance in assessing and mitigating this distress among cardiac patients, particularly women.


BACKGROUND
Erythropoietin corrects and prevents anemia and decreases the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions; its impact on quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is not clear.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
399 patients with solid tumors and Hb level of < or = 12 g/dl receiving chemotherapy were randomized to receive or not 10,000 IU epoetin-alpha thrice weekly. QOL was measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) scale and various subscales at baseline, at two months and at the end of the study.

RESULTS
Changes in the average QOL scores were similar in the two groups. The improvement in Hb levels was significantly higher for the epoetin-alpha group, with a decrease in transfusion requirements compared to the control group.

CONCLUSION
Epoetin-alpha does not improve QOL of patients with solid tumors receiving chemotherapy as assessed using FACT-An scale and various subscales, despite improving Hb levels and reducing transfusion requirements.


We discuss and show correct an algorithm that constructs autostereograms. The concern is to develop a correct algorithm that may be implemented in a language such as C or Pascal.


A commercial immunoblotting kit has recently been introduced to determine auto-antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens. We compared this new test with radial immunodiffusion for its usefulness in the routine laboratory procedures of a general hospital. Antigen preparation in immunoblotting includes a protein denaturation step prior to electrophoretic separation of the different proteins. In this way antigenic determinants that depend heavily on the protein superstructure are lost. In theory, auto-antibodies against these epitopes may be missed. In our series of 100 samples that had tested positively for antinuclear antibodies, radial immunodiffusion was able to detect one SSA positive sample that was negative by immunoblotting. However, 47 samples positive in immunoblotting, 37 positive for UBP, seven for anti-SSA, are for anti-Jo-1, one for anti-RNP and one for anti-Sm were missed by radial immunodiffusion. Most of these samples had low antinuclear antibody titres (1/80 or 1/160).


Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with several health outcomes. Some non-exercise equations are available for CRF estimation. However, little is known about the validation of these equations among elderly. The aim of this study was to exam the validity of non-exercise equations with self-reported information in elderly. Participants (n= 93) aged 60 to 91 years measured CRF using maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Five non-exercise equations were selected. Data included in the equations (age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, physical activity and smoking) were self-reported. Coefficient of determination (R2) of linear regressions with laboratory-measured VO2 peak ranged from 0.04 to 0.64. The Bland-Altman plots showed higher agreement between achieved and predicted CRF obtained by Jackson and colleagues, and Wier and colleagues equations. On the other hand, the other equations showed lower agreement and overestimation. Our findings provide evidences that two non-exercise equations, previously developed, could be used on the prediction of CRF among elderly.


G. Pérez-Quesada and F. García-Suárez. Technical efficiency measurement: an application on dairy farms in Uruguay. The productivity of Uruguayan dairy farms has been consistently growing for the last 40 years. This process has implied the adoption of new technologies, which have had significant effects on the production system. The efficiency with which available technologies are used influence output growth. Hence, assuring and enhancing dairy farms' productivity and efficiency represent an important challenge to improve the competitiveness of the sector and achieve sustained economic growth. The overall objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency performance of dairy farms in Uruguay. Using a cross-sectional database, this study estimates a Cobb-Douglas stochastic production frontier and technical inefficiency model for dairy farms to determine the effect of each input on the production frontier and the principal factors that explain differences in farm efficiency. According to the empirical results, the average technical efficiency for dairy farms is 74%, and the major determinants of efficiency differences are farmers' specialization in dairy farming and the usage of artificial insemination. Overall, farm profiles indicate that those in the high efficiency group achieve a higher level of milk production than those less efficient; and they produce under a more intensive production system than farmers in low efficiency groups.


Data provided: Typically, the data provided in the application should reflect the most recent academic year. Since campuses will be completing the application in academic year 2022-2023, data typically would reflect evidence from AY 2020-2021. Wherever data is requested, please note that COVID has likely impacted data from 2021-2022, 2020-2021, and 2019-2020. Therefore, campuses may use data from the pre-COVID academic year – AY 2018-2019 if you determine that it provides a better representation of your campus's community engagement. If you do so, please note the academic year that the data represents within the response. If some of your data from COVID years is determined to be an accurate representation of your community engagement, while some is not, then use the best data you have for the question and indicate what AY the data refers to.


Phase relations for the bulk composition LiA1Sis01z (system LiA1Si04-SiOz-HzO) have been investigated experimentally over the range 340-950°C and 0.5-6.0 kbar P(HzO). Stability relations among eucryptite, spodumene, petalite, ,B-spodumene (tetragonal), and virgilite (hexagonal) have been determined for quartz-saturated subsolidus conditions. The result is a quantitative P-T phase diagram that is applicable to quartz-saturated lithium aluminosilicate assemblages in pegmatites and some volcanic rocks. Thermochemical data derived from these experimental results are internally consistent and in close agreement with values obtained from calorimetry. Under the quartz-saturated conditions that prevail in pegmatites, stability relations among the lithium aluminosilicates are a function of P and T and are largely independent of the nature and proportions of other phases in the chemically complex pegmatite system. Thus, the lithium aluminosilicate phase diagram constitutes a petrogenetic grid from which P-T conditions of emplacement and crystallization can be ascertained for many lithium alumino silicate-bearing pegmatites.


This article addresses the fascinating rendering in the Septuagint version of Exodus 33 of the wordplay using the lexeme panîm, פנים (face, front). It will firstly set out how and in what sense the lexeme is used throughout Exodus 33. Next, it strives to offer a detailed analysis of the Greek rendering of the lexeme, that does not seem to safeguard the 'bodily subpart' face in most of the renderings. Is this rendering due to an anti-anthropomorphism, avoiding the attribution of a bodily, anthropomorphic 'face' to God - or is it rather due to an idiomatic translation of the grammaticalized idiom as semipreposition? The present article argues that the Greek translation is situated carefully in between using grammaticalized idioms and a playful interaction with the immediate context of the lexeme panîm , as well as with larger intertextual issues.


Aerial view, looking north from the Prudential Tower, showing the bridge north of the Beacon Hill (foreground) with Bunker Hill at center left; The Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge in Boston, Massachusetts is the widest cable-stayed bridge built prior to 2003. The bridge is part of the Big Dig, the largest overall highway construction project in the United States, and replaced the Charlestown High Bridge. According to the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority's web site, the bridge has an overall length of 436.5 m, a main span of 227.1 m, side spans of 81.4 m (downtown side) and 128.0 m (Charlestown side), and towers that are 82.3 m tall. In a cable-stayed bridge, instead of hanging the roadbed from cables slung over towers, the cables run directly between the roadbed and the towers. Although cable-stayed bridges have become common in Europe since World War II, they are relatively new to North America. The bridge, designed by Swiss civil engineer Christian Menn, follows a new design in which two outer lanes are cantilevered outside the towers while another eight lanes run through the towers. It has a striking, graceful appearance that is meant to echo the towers of the Bunker Hill Monument, which is within view of the bridge, and the white cables of the USS Constitution. Source: Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed 2/10/2008)


This paper presents a systematic microgrid-based telecom power system configuration analysis to establish a possible basis for an optimal design. It compares several configurations using a value function that includes important telecommunication power plant characteristics, such as cost and availability. The comparison yields guidelines on how best to configure the system. Design choices studied include the system main bus voltage, redundancy policy, and the microsource configuration. The analysis indicates that microgrid-based telecom power systems outperform traditional telecom power plants for medium to high-power sites, such as switching centers, and gives similar results for cell sites and low power transmission nodes. Microgrid configurations with an approximate 156 V main dc bus voltage achieve a slightly higher value function than other evaluated options


Credit rating agencies have long held that their credit ratings (their speech) are opinions, which ought to benefit from the privileges afforded to journalists under the First Amendment. However, in the realm of structured finance, both the nature of the relationship between the issuers and credit rating agencies, and the application of the existing ratings processes themselves, may jeopardize the First Amendment protections that the rating agencies would otherwise enjoy. This article examines those relational and procedural elements which, if unattended to, leave structured finance ratings vulnerable to being considered commercial speech, a move that could render the provision of structured finance credit ratings more expensive.


A new method for the treatment of patients with acute purulent necrotic processes by means of ultrasonic cavitation and vacuum therapy has been elaborated. The aim was to study the combined influence of ultrasonic cavitation and vacuum therapy on the course of wound healing. The method complements the treatment of patients with severe purulent necrotic processes of soft tissue.


Use of IP-layer anycast has increased in the last few years beyond the DNS realm. Existing measurement techniques to identify and enumerate anycast replicas exploit specifics of the DNS protocol, which limits their applicability to this particular service. In this paper, we propose and thoroughly validate a protocol-agnostic technique for anycast replicas discovery and geolocation. Furthermore, we also provide the community with open-source software and data sets allowing others to replicate our experimental results, potentially facilitating the development of new techniques such as ours. In particular, our proposed method achieves thorough enumeration and city-level geolocalization of anycast instances from a set of known vantage points. The algorithm features an iterative workflow, pipelining enumeration (an optimization problem using latency as an input), and geolocalization (a classification problem using side channel information, such as city population) of anycast replicas. Results of a thorough validation campaign show our algorithm to be robust to measurement noise, and very lightweight as it requires only a handful of latency measurements.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint disorder which is debility seen in elderly & overweight people which affects the cartilage of bone joints like knee, feet, hip, and spine. In OA usually, cartilage is ruptured due to the kneading of bones with each other which will end up causing severe pain. In this condition, it is necessary to analyze the severity of OA which involves various medical imaging and clinical examination techniques. In this paper, automated analysis and detection of OA are proposed by calculating the thickness of cartilage which also helps to effectively detect and analyze the abnormalities in bone structures. Where we have considered various knee X-ray images. Initially, preprocessing and noise removal is performed. Further by implementing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) segmentation and thresholding, the specified knee region is cropped and analyzed to calculate the thickness of cartilage to detect the presence of OA.


In this article, a 2.45-GHz band microwave sensor (MWS) design is introduced to be utilized for the dielectric constant determination of ethanol–water solutions. The introduced MWS is composed of two symmetrically positioned, directly coupled interconnected split-ring resonators with a circular ring-shaped detection area in the middle region, into which a small amount of ethanol–water solution is dropped. The fabricated prototype of the MWS has a total component size of $12\times30$ mm on the Rogers RO4003 substrate. The sensor measurement performance is numerically evaluated and experimentally validated in good agreement. The introduced MWS has the structural design novelty of possessing the main detection region in a form of a circular hollow where a disposable 3-D printed fluid cup can be accommodated for multiple uses. The introduced MWS has the technical feasibility to be used as an ingredient identification device for chemical solutions to figure out complex dielectric parameters of ethanol–water specimens with small, low-cost, reusable, and easy-to-fabricate features, as well as the determination of volume percentage concentration of ethanol content.


The purpose of this paper is to alert pediatric ophthalmologists to problems of rendering genetic counseling to adoptees at-risk for genetic disease. All states have statutes that provide for secrecy of adoption records. These records are maintained by adoption agencies, county courts, and state registrar. In most cases, the counseling clinician must file a lawsuit to reach the parents of an at-risk adoptee. An administrative procedure is proposed to allow access to certain adoption information for the purposes of genetic counseling and offer of treatment.


Starting from N = 2 supersymmetric theories in 2 dimensions, we formulate a novel time-dependent supersymmetric quantum theory where the R-charge is twisted along the time. The invariance of the supersymmetric index under variations of the action for these theories leads to two predictions: In the IR limit it predicts how the degeneracy of BPS states change as we cross the walls of marginal stability. On the other hand, its equivalence with the UV limit relates this to the spectrum of the U(1) R-charges of the Ramond ground states at the conformal point. This leads to a conceptually simple derivation of results previously derived using tt* geometry, now based on time-dependent supersymmetric quantum mechanics.


Abstract. This paper was aimed at analyzing and verifying each of the parameter settings in the computing process of GAMIT. The optimum number of introduced auxiliary station was determined, and models for the weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere in Guilin were established. Under the underlying strategy of introducing all the respective most optimum criteria, the precipitable water vapor (PWV) was first calculated by using the data provided by the CORS base station in Guilin, before analyzing and comparing it with the PWV and actual precipitation obtained from the sounding data. According to the result, a high degree of coincidence was discovered among the general trend of the following three indicators: the calculated PWV, as well as the PWV and actual precipitation acquired using the sounding data, hence offering a significant value for reference in terms of extreme weather warning.


Potter's Industries has been collaborating with Savannah River Laboratory (SRL) concerning application of glass beads in the Defense Waste Processing Facility. Potter's has previously supplied SRL with 2000 lbs of spheroidized Frit 131 for experimental development. Representatives of Potter's Industries visited SRL recently to discuss results of blasting tests and pumpability tests comparing beads to frit. These tests were conducted at their laboratory facilities in New Jersey. Their blasting work suggested speed of cleaning was higher with frit media than with bead media; however, metal-to-oxide removal ratios were also higher with frit media. Fracture rate of beads used in dry blasting tests was excessive. Low fracture rates were found in -80 +200 mesh beads used in wet blasting tests. Blasting with bead media produced a shiny peened surface while frit media produced a dull matte surface. Some frit impregnation was noted in blasting with -20 +80 frit. Pumpability of bead/water slurries was superior to frit/water slurries at 40 wt % concentrations. 4 tables.


This paper presents an experimental study of surface wettability on a stainless plate in a high-temperature, high-pressure environment. Using a pressure vessel, we measured contact angles of water droplets at temperatures from 20 to 300°C and a constant pressure of 15 MPa, as an indicator of macroscopic surface wettability. Measured contact angles decreased with temperature below 250°C, clustering around a straight line at temperatures below 120°C and around another line in the range from 120 to 250°C. At temperatures above 250°C, on the other hand, the contact angles remained constant, independent of temperature, and contrary to the existing theoretical model, no highly hydrophilic condition or null contact angle condition was achieved.© 2004 ASME


Objective: To assess the knowledge of children who participated in an Oral Health Educational Program (OHEP) on the subject "tooth care". Methods: The study was conducted on children aged 6 to 9 years, participating in activities developed twice a week in an OHEP during one academic year. Data were collected by redactions and drawings. Drawings were analyzed according to the methodology proposed by Taylor, Roth and Mayberry. The redactions were analyzed according to the citation of hygiene items and the content presented, taking as theoretical reference the content analysis of Bardin. Results: All children mentioned the toothbrush and toothpaste as oral hygiene items. As a negative aspect to oral health, candies were mentioned by 74.4% of children, with greatest citations of confections, chewing gum and lollipop. All redactions mentioned aspects of toothbrushing, such as frequency, technique and/or quality. The consequences of "not caring" were also present, and were related to dental caries, edentulism, halitosis, pain, and personal relationship. The reason for caring was also mentioned, and was related to the importance of teeth for the individual, and "clean", "healthy" and "bright" teeth. Conclusion: The children presented satisfactory understanding on tooth care, evidencing the importance of oral health education programs for this population.


CV Athaya Mineral is an industry that runs its business in the production and distribution of bottled drinking water. At the time of distribution of its products, errors often occur, namely the interpretation of demand data in each distribution chain and information received. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal lotting technique for the distribution of these products using the Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP) method. From the results of data processing, the retail value of Kede Osa was obtained with a total cost of Rp. 233.696, New Store retail with an amount of Rp. 417,336, retail Ari JP Rp. 99,727, Simpang Remi retail Rp. 165,140, retail Mita Jaya Rp. 619,981. The conclusion of this study is the distribution of the Distribution Requirement Planning method for all Dance products (Glass, Small Bottles, Medium Bottles, and Gallons) to five retailers (Kede Osa, Toko Baru, Ari JP, Simpang Remi, and Mita Jaya) using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a lotting technique with the cheapest distribution costs, except for New Store retailers using the Lot For Lot (LFL) lotting technique.


New expressions are developed for the perfect reconstruction of the boundary regions of a finite-length signal after subband processing. The time-invariant filter bank is required to be uniform and paraunitary, using FIR filters regardless of phase or symmetry. They accommodate a linear boundary extension in the analysis section, and avoid periodic extensions or storage of extended subband signals. The reconstruction methods are based on the formulation of linear systems that are built as a function of the filters. >


Background
Globally, across all professions, assessing clinical practice has challenged educators for decades. The literature suggests that practice-based assessments are not fit for purpose. Problems relate to subjectivity, inaccuracy, difficulties in understanding the language used in competency statements and distinguishing different levels of competence. In nursing, threats to public safety have been identified when underperforming students enter the nursing register.
Aim
To make practice-based assessment of pre-registration nursing students fit for purpose.
Method
The critical pragmatist epistemology adopted in this study guided a solutions-focused, two-phase mixed method study. The theoretical framework comprised the concepts of assessment for learning and authentic assessment.
In Phase one, 100 stakeholders involved in pre-registration nurse education were invited to participate in a two-round Delphi study. In round one, participants (n=48) provided free-text interpretations of three level descriptors for the professional attitude, behaviour and responsibility competency statements in the Pan London Practice Assessment Document. Content analysis was used to develop a draft scoring rubric. In round two, participants (n=51) scored their agreement to the statements in the draft rubric using a five-point Likert scale. A clear stakeholders' consensus (ranging from 86% to 100%) was reached in all categories of the rubric.
In Phase two, the consensus-based scoring rubric was evaluated regarding its effectiveness in enhancing practice-based assessments of student nurses' practice performance. Paired mentors and final year nursing students were recruited (n=51) to use the rubric during a clinical placement. Two, specifically-designed online questionnaires collected quantitative and qualitative data from individual mentors and students. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data. Content analysis was used to analyse open-ended questions.
Results
Completed questionnaires were submitted by 44 nursing students and 39 practice mentors. Merged quantitative and qualitative results revealed that the consensus-based scoring rubric improved mentors' and students' understanding of the language and levels of competency statements, enhanced self-assessment and feedback provision, including enhanced mentor-student mutual understanding and dialogue. Intersubjectivity emerged as an original perspective to further understand practice-based assessment.
Conclusion
The consensus-based scoring rubric made practice-based assessment more fit for purpose.
Recommendations
All disciplines should consider adopting consensus-based scoring rubrics to make practice-based assessments fit for purpose. The psychometric properties of scoring rubrics and their usefulness in various contexts should be researched.


Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine how multidimensional event operation quality factors (i.e., game operation, stadium quality, game accessibility, and store operation) would influence perceived value and in turn affect consumption behavior of spectators at the Wuhan Tennis Open. Based on reviewing literature, interviewing event managers, and conducting observations of event operations, a questionnaire was developed and administered during a recent Wuhan Open. Structural equation model analyses revealed that to a varying extent, the event operation quality factors had positive effects on perceived value, which was in turn statistically predictive of consumption intention (β = .38, p < .01). Findings from the current study would provide Chinese sporting event organizers with better understanding of consumer evaluations of event service quality and their impacts on perceived value and subsequently consumption behavior. Sport organizations can benefit from the present study in terms of developing strategic plans and high-quality event services for attracting and retaining spectators.


This study answers how profitability changes from a lender and borrower perspective. Using the FBFM data for periods from 1995 to 2004, we find that the variables that explain the profitability of a lender and borrower differ. Further, doing the regression according to categories, gives us different results in the significance of the explanatory variables.


To date, research on feedback in second language (L2) writing has primarily focused on feedback per se, with little attention paid to the teachers' professional development with regard to feedback in writing. This study aims to explore the ways in which two secondary teachers in Hong Kong attempted to implement feedback innovation in their writing classrooms after receiving some professional development input, as well as the factors that influenced their attempts at feedback innovation. The findings indicate that the teachers were unable to fully translate into practice the feedback principles acquired from teacher education and reveal a string of factors that influenced their attempts at feedback innovation. The study has implications for teacher education and teacher professional development, shedding light on how teachers can be supported to bring innovation to conventional feedback approaches in the writing classroom.


The widespread use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a time and frequency measurement reference was discussed in the July-September 2001 issue of Cal Lab. This article describes other radio signals that serve as alternatives or backups to GPS. It describes signals used to calibrate and control frequency standards, and signals that synchronize time-of-day clocks in products including wristwatches, cellular phones, pagers, televisions, video cassette recorders, and car radios.


Tolcapone, a catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor, can interfere with the metabolism of levodopa and dopamine and could prolong the motor effect induced by levodopa in parkinsonian patients. To test this hypothesis, we studied the motor effect induced by three acute administrations of a dose of levodopa-benserazide (Madopar) with either 200 mg or 400 mg of tolcapone or placebo, in a double-blind latin-square design. The duration of the on-phase could be compared in 10 parkinsonian patients suffering from square-shaped motor effect. In comparison to placebo, 200 mg and 400 mg of tolcapone significantly increased the mean duration of the on-phase by 61.7 min ( +/- 19.4 SEM) and by 72.2 min ( +/- 18.5), respectively. This clinical effect is suggested to be related mainly to the increase in levodopa area under the curve and half-life induced by tolcapone. The intensity in dyskinesias was increased by 400 mg of tolcapone. Tolcapone appears to be well tolerated and could be helpful as an adjuvant treatment to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations.


Several quantum gravity and string theory thought experiments indicate that the Heisenberg uncertainty relations get modified at the Planck scale so that a minimal length do arises. This modification may imply a modification of the canonical commutation relations and hence quantum mechanics at the Planck scale. The corresponding modification of classical mechanics is usually considered by replacing modified quantum commutators by Poisson brackets suitably modified in such a way that they retain their main properties (antisymmetry, linearity, Leibniz rule and Jacobi identity). We indicate that there exists an alternative interesting possibility. Koopman-Von Neumann's Hilbert space formulation of classical mechanics allows, as Sudarshan remarked, to consider the classical mechanics as a hidden variable quantum system. Then the Planck scale modification of this quantum system naturally induces the corresponding modification of dynamics in the classical substrate. Interestingly, it seems this induced modification in fact destroys the classicality: classical position and momentum operators cease to be commuting and hidden variables do appear in their evolution equations.


Climate change and global warming pose a great threat to plant growth and development as well as crop productivity. To better study the genome-wide gene expression under heat, we performed a time-course (0.5 to 24 h) transcriptome analysis in the leaf and root of 40-day-old pepper plants under 40°C as well as in control plants. Clustering analysis (K-means) showed that the expression of 29,249 genes can be grouped into 12 clusters with distinct expression dynamics under stress. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and transcription factor (TF) identification were performed on the clusters with certain expression patterns. Comparative analysis between the heat-treated and control plants also identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which showed the largest degree of change at 24 h. Interestingly, more DEGs were identified in the root than in the leaf. Moreover, we analyzed the gene expression of 25 heat shock factor genes (HSFs) in pepper after heat stress, identified five of these HSFs that responded to heat stress, and characterized the role of these genes in heat-tolerant (17CL30) and heat-susceptible (05S180) pepper lines. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the genome-wide heat stress response in pepper.


This letter proposes the design of a new miniaturized circularly polarized (CP) printed square slot antenna (PSSA) fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The characteristics of the design are that the CP operation and impedance matching can be independently achieved. The 3-dB axial-ratio band can be excited by protruding into the slot a halberd-shaped metal strip from the signal line of the CPW, whereas the VSWR ≤ 2 impedance band can be produced by implanting in the slot a grounded asymmetric inverted-T strip. Design rules established for the proposed antenna can effectively reduce the sizes of the ground plane and the slot.


Nowadays, trying to obtain better coverage and performance, and allowed by the low-hardware prices, it is common to deploy a large number of IEEE 802.11 devices in offices, meeting rooms or auditoriums configuring the so called high-density networks. In such a scenario, the shared nature of the transmission medium causes interference problems. Some physical-layer- and link-layer-adaptation mechanisms to palliate those problems have been developed, however, most of them have not been independently implemented and assessed. In this paper, we implement in a simulator some of the existent solutions, compare them in a simulation environment and show that, in some situations, the existing solutions can lead to a starvation problem. Finally, we propose a new mechanism that manages datarate, transmit power and carrier-sense threshold to ameliorate this problem.


This study is devoted to the analysis of international tourism flows directed into Ukraine.
Problem Statement and Purpose. Diagnostics of tourism flows according to regions of the world was carried out and the tendency of the increasing role of tourism both locally and internationally was noticed. The attractiveness of Ukraine for the tourism regions of the world was analyzed in detail by assessing tourist arrivals through the prism of the leading countries selection in each of them. This allows us to analyse the place of Ukraine in the tourism flows of these territories.
Special attention is paid to the flow of tourists within the country and the analysis of the most attractive areas for foreign tourists in terms of regional territories. The aim of the study is a modernized vision of the problem of tourism flows within one of the countries of the Central and Eastern European tourism subregion (according to the UNWTO methodology). The study identified how the geography of tourist origin affects these processes in a particular country (on the example of Ukraine). Due to such research, it is possible to assess changes in the economic, social and political systems, as well as the culture of the country in general and its regions in particular. In addition, it is possible to assess the impact on the population around the world.
Data & Methods. The study of international tourism flows is based on the recommendations of the UNWTO, as well as modern scientific research of national and foreign European researchers. The following research methods were used in the research process: analytical, descriptive, comparative, statistical.
Results. The results of the previous empirical study confirmed that different social groups have their own specific patterns of tourism activity. It also showed what groups responded the most to globalization and the possible consequences it may have for tourism activities. The growing mobility of the population and the consequences of the outbound tourism development are some of the main consequences of globalization. The study showed that the geography of interest in Ukraine by foreign tourists is expanding. To some extent, this can be justified by the war, which significantly reoriented the composition and direction of international tourism flows in Ukraine.