Recent attention in quickest change detection in the multisensor setting has been on the case where the densities of the observations change at the same instant at all the sensors due to the disruption. In this work, a more general scenario is considered where the change propagates across the sensors, and its propagation can be modeled as a Markov process. A centralized, Bayesian version of this problem is considered, with a fusion center that has perfect information about the observations and a priori knowledge of the statistics of the change process. The problem of minimizing the average detection delay subject to false alarm constraints is formulated in a dynamic programming framework. Insights into the structure of the optimal stopping rule are presented. In the limiting case of rare disruptions, it is shown that the structure of the optimal test reduces to thresholding the a posteriori probability of the hypothesis that no change has happened. Under a certain condition on the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence between the post- and the pre-change densities, it is established that the threshold test is asymptotically optimal (in the vanishing false alarm probability regime). It is shown via numerical studies that this low-complexity threshold test results in a substantial improvement in performance over naive tests such as a single-sensor test or a test that incorrectly assumes that the change propagates instantaneously.


Drilling wells with long departure for extended reach applications is indeed a difficult task. Adding dual lateral sections involves increased risks, thus feasibility studies for wells design and execution purposes are critical. However, the success of this challenging campaign has enabled a new way of cost saving for wells construction.
 This case study demonstrates the solutions during drilling and completion by using a single surface slot with two strings for deep water and gas injection wells in shallow coastal water field in UAE.
 Dual laterals with long departure involve risks associated with drilling and completion, especially for long sections at high inclinations.
 The process involves optimization of the well trajectory to minimize the inclination at whipstock setting depth in order to reduce the drilling footage in the dense formations. Optimizing the Bottom Hole Assembly and drilling parameters to improve the rate of penetration (ROP), always targeting shoe to shoe runs; optimizing the retrievable whipstock type selection together with retrieving procedure; improving the completion design in high inclination at nipple depth to be able to set the packer and test the tubing successfully.
 Drilling one for two is the most beneficial point that this well construction practice has offered. Exiting from a congested surface location expose to the highest risk of Anti Collision, now reducing to 50% the exposure minimizing HSE risks. Saving surface facility while delivering two reservoir drains for better productivity is the key element for cost reduction. Most importantly, the concept is feasible and proven.
 Surface location has become increasingly more congested in this field thus much higher collision risk, drilling and completion technical constraints are being pushed beyond their limit to target deeper and further reach reservoirs. Lessons learnt and recommendations have been captured to establish the basis for continuous performance improvement. This paper presents a novel approach to well construction with increasing efficiency, integrity from all involved parties, reducing operational risks while significantly reducing cost, and ultimately increasing productivity and profitability.


: In a content-based publisher subscriber system it is very challenging to provide security mechanisms. This paper presents an approach making use of the cloud environment at the middleware. Google Cloud Pub/Sub brings the scalability, flexibility, and reliability of enterprise message-oriented middleware to the cloud. The identity based cryptography is used for the authentication of publishers and subscribers.


Zinc K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy of Zn adsorbed to silica and Zn-bearing minerals, salts and solutions was conducted to explore how XANES spectra reflect coordination environment and disorder in the surface to which a metal ion is sorbed. Specifically, XANES spectra for five distinct Zn adsorption complexes (Znads) on quartz and amorphous silica [SiO2(am)] are presented from the Zn-water-silica surface system: outer-sphere octahedral Znads on quartz, inner-sphere octahedral Znads on quartz, inner-sphere tetrahedral Znads on quartz, inner-sphere octahedral Znads on SiO2(am) and inner-sphere tetrahedral Znads on SiO2(am). XANES spectral analysis of these complexes on quartz versus SiO2(am) reveals that normalized peak absorbance and K-edge energy position generally decrease with increasing surface disorder and decreasing Zn-O coordination. On quartz, the absorption-edge energy of Znads ranges from 9663.0 to 9664.1 eV for samples dominated by tetrahedrally versus octahedrally coordinated species, respectively. On SiO2(am), the absorption-edge energy of Znads ranges from 9662.3 to 9663.4 eV for samples dominated by tetrahedrally versus octahedrally coordinated species, respectively. On both silica substrates, octahedral Znads presents a single K-edge peak feature, whereas tetrahedral Znads presents two absorbance features. The energy space between the two absorbance peak features of the XANES K-edge of tetrahedral Znads is 2.4 eV for Zn on quartz and 3.2 eV for Zn on SiO2(am). Linear combination fitting of samples with a mixture of Znads complex types demonstrates that the XANES spectra of octahedral and tetrahedral Znads on silica are distinct enough for quantitative identification. These results suggest caution when deciphering Zn speciation in natural samples via linear combination approaches using a single Znads standard to represent sorption on a particular mineral surface. Correlation between XANES spectral features and prior extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) derived coordination environments for these Znads on silica samples provides insight into Zn speciation in natural systems with XANES compatible Zn concentrations too low for EXAFS analysis.


Assuming that the basis for all types of professional education lies in the educational system of the specific country, as well as in the functions of those institutions for which the future generation of professionals is being educated, at the beginning of this paper the library and information landscape in the Federal Republic of Germany is highlighted. This is followed by an overview of the current structure of primary, secondary, and higher education and of the various professional library career "tracks" in relationship to the specific tasks in the areas of librarianship and documentation. Similarities and differences between these two areas are pointed out which in the past resulted in the development of different curricula. In the focal point of these observations are the combined training programs for librarians and documentalists at the college level which already have been offered for several years in various German library schools. Their background and the sequence of study are delineated in terms of both theory and practice, and the curriculum content of these programs is observed with a perspective to the practical demands of the professionals and in comparison with efforts for separated professional training for careers in documentation centers and libraries.


This paper presents a model and a solving algorithm for integrated planning of rolling-stock and train driver resources in railway transportation (at the national French railway company SNCF). We first propose a mixed integer linear programming model where coupling constraints are introduced to ensure the consistency between the uses of the two resource types. Some numerical experiments obtained with a standard solver are shown and compared with those obtained using a classical sequential approach. Because solving this model for real-life instances with a standard solver is too time-consuming, a Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed.


A work addressing historic preservation in Honduras does not currently exist. This thesis focuses on highlighting present historic preservation issues and challenges in Honduras through the government institution in charge of the field, the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History (IHAH) and its management practices. After introducing a short history of Honduras' capital, the Municipality of the Central District (M.D.C.), the thesis then addresses the present historic preservation issues and challenges within the M.D.C. through its local-government management office, the Historic Center Management office (GCH). The last chapter presents two case studies as evidence of the Honduran government's weak historic preservation planning management. The IHAH's and GCH's weakness is evidence of the central government's lack of interest in cultural and historic education and preservation. This has resulted in the carelessness and destruction of numerous historic and heritage properties. One of the major issues of the IHAH is the lack of national standards for the planning of historic preservation in the country. Additionally, it is unfortunate that although historic preservation awareness is developing, hands-on historic preservation activities are not developing at the same pace needed to save the many national and local endangered heritage and historic properties. The qualitative research methodology from both secondary and primary sources was used in the creation of this thesis. Much of the information was collected through oral interviews, study reports, government reports, books, institutional magazines, newspaper articles, and museum information. The thesis concludes that in spite of the issues Honduras and its citizens face, the challenges and issues of the historic preservation field in the country are solvable. The recommendations laid out as part of the SWOT analyses provide clear, actionable, and measurable improvements that may be implemented at all levels of government.


Background: The rapid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide and put them at the edge of collapsing. As the capacity of intensive care units (ICUs) is limited, deciding on the proper allocation of required resources is crucial. Objectives: This study aimed to create a machine learning (ML)-based predictive model of ICU admission among COVID-19 in-hospital patients at the initial presentation. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1225 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients during January 9, 2020 - January 20, 2021. The top clinical parameters contributing to COVID-19 ICU admission were identified based on a correlation coefficient at P-value < 0.05. Next, the predictive models were constructed using five ML algorithms. Finally, to evaluate the performances of models, the metrics derived from the confusion matrix, classification error, and receiver operating characteristic were calculated. Results: Following feature selection, a total of 11 parameters were selected as the top predictors to build the prediction models. The results showed that the best performance belonged to the random forest (RF) algorithm with the mean accuracy of 99.5%, mean specificity of 99.7%, mean sensitivity of 99.4%, Kappa metric of 95.7%, and root mean squared error of 0.015. Conclusions: The ML algorithms, particularly RF, enable a reasonable level of accuracy and certainty in predicting disease progression and ICU admission for COVID-19 patients. The proposed models have the potential to inform frontline clinicians and health authorities with quantitative tools to assess illness severity and optimize resource allocation under time-sensitive and resource-constrained situations.


Capgras Syndrome or Illusion of the Doubles is studied from a personal case. Its clinical and organic cerebral aspects are emphasized. We think that the occurrence of Capgras Syndrome should incite the clinician to look for a cerebral lesion, even in a definite psychopathological situation.


Portrait of Leo Herrera, a University of North Texas student and an active member of SWOOP. SWOOP, a student-managed advertising and public relations agency at the University of North Texas.


This study examined the Class Size and Productivity in Primary Schools in Ekiti State using Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti State as a case study. This is necessary because of the perceived primary school teachers ineffectiveness in the performance of their duties. A sample of two hundred teachers was drawn from twenty schools in the local government through the simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire tagged "Class Size and Teachers' Productivity" was used to collect the data for this study. The instrument was validated by using test re-test method of testing reliability and the reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained and this was considered high enough for reliability. The data obtained were analysed using frequency counts, percentages and Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis. The study revealed that the level of teachers' productivity in primary schools in the local government under study was low. The study also revealed that teachers would prefer to teach small classes where they can easily manage their students and impart knowledge to them with little or no stress to large classes. The study further showed that, there is a significant relationship between class size and teachers' productivity. It is therefore recommended based on these findings that urgent steps should be taken by the government and all stakeholders in education to ensure proper funding of primary schools through the provision of essential infrastructures in order to reduce the ratio of students to a teachers to a manageable size. This is necessary in order to achieve appreciable level of teachers' productivity.


The mechanism of operation of the `interface-engineered' high-Tc Josephson junctions with ion-modified barrier has been discussed. The analysis is performed for a YBaCuO base electrode modified by Ar+ and O+ ions. Using the diffusion coefficients of each YBaCuO component it is shown that at the counter-electrode deposition temperature (about 780 °C) the O and Cu defects anneal out and the Ba and Y sublattice disorder remains the only factor to play an important role in YBaCuO interface modification. The nature of the barrier in these devices seems to be very complicated, probably `insulator/normal conductor/superconductor with reduced critical temperature' and the junctions can be described as S-I-N-S´-S.


The hematopoietic system undergoes rapid changes during embryogenesis; therefore, studying this process requires accurate embryo staging. In the mouse, timed pregnancies can routinely be set and controlled; however, accurate staging of human pregnancies is more problematic, compounded by different ways that gestational age is assessed. Although developmental biologists calculate gestational age based on the woman's last ovulation (postovulatory gestational age), clinicians evaluate it from the first day of the last menstrual period (postmenstrual gestational age), using ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length. Recording the postmenstrual gestational age of the human embryo largely meets the needs of the medical care. However, it will exceed postovulatory gestational age, which is the true developmental age of the embryo, by 2 weeks in the normal case of a regular menstrual cycle with mid-cycle ovulation and may differ by an unknown duration when the date of ovulation is unknown, which is almost always the case. These ambiguities in gestational age determination introduce significant discrepancies in research into early human embryogenesis. The Carnegie staging system, originally described by Streeter and refined by O'Rahilly and Müller, covers the whole human embryonic period (the first 56 days of development) and divides it into 23 Carnegie stages (CSs). Each CS is based on both external and internal morphological criteria and is not directly dependent on gestational age. Human embryos determined clinically to be of the same gestational age can belong to different CSs, and conversely, human embryos belonging to the same CS can be of different gestational ages. Therefore, embryos categorized only according to their gestational ages are not accurately staged with regard to their developmental status. The Carnegie system is internationally accepted and provides a staging standard for research purposes. However, it is not uncommon in the literature to see staging such as "22-day-old human embryo" or "6-week-old human embryo," sometimes without specification of whether this is the postovulatory or postmenstrual gestational age. On some occasions, damage to the embryo leaves little chance to perform staging using morphological criteria. Recently, we investigated hematopoietic stem cell development in the early human embryo. The study was approved by the Lothian Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent was provided according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Embryonic specimens were obtained after elective medical termination of pregnancy with written consent and ethical approval of the protocol. Developmental stages were determined according to the Carnegie staging system, and we assessed how these correlated with postmenstrual gestational dating. The postmenstrual gestational age was determined for 89 embryos based on ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length. The embryos were split into 6 groups based on developmental stage (CS 12–17). A mean postmenstrual gestational age and a 95% confidence interval were calculated for each of the groups (Figure 1). For embryos categorized as CS 12–15, the 95% confidence intervals of the postmenstrual gestational age overlapped between the 4 groups, indicating that postmenstrual gestational age cannot be used to distinguish between CS 12–15 human embryos. Also, there was no relationship between postmenstrual gestational age of individual CS 12–15 embryos and the CSs to which they were assigned (correlation coefficient r 5 .251; P 5 .101). However, CS 16 and 17 embryos could be distinguished based on their postmenstrual gestational age at a 95% confidence level, and there was a direct relationship between postmenstrual gestational age and the CSs to which they belonged (r 5 .536; P , .001). These data demonstrate that postmenstrual gestational age cannot be used to accurately stage human embryos under CS 16. This is of particular importance for those working in the field of human developmental hematopoiesis because the first human hematopoietic stem cells emerge at CS 14.


Background The care of patients with Huntington's disease (HD) requires a multidisciplinary approach involving a wide range of services that can support the individual in each stage of HD as well as addressing the needs of those around him. A multidisciplinary approach to the family with HD comprises a variety of specialized services, such as neurology, psychiatry, neuropsychology, clinical genetics, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy, dietician, and dentistry. Social services are an integral part of the management of an HD family. Aims To share experiences from a social services perspective from a German HD clinic. Material and methods Summary of experiences from case management. Results/outcome HD patients require a lot of support from social services. They need advice on their welfare rights, insurances, and benefit from help with financial advisors, disability, employment advisors, peer support groups, housing support services, day-care services, personal care, occupational therapy services, and drivers' licensing authorities. Conclusions Social services are a key component of the care of an HD patient.


One of the classical ways of learning programming is to divide programming tasks into large groups, so-called programming theorems, and then to trace the specific tasks back to the programming theorems. Each teaching method introduces a different amount of programming theorems into the learning pro-cess, occasionally even combining them. In this article we will show that the basic and complex pro-gramming theorems have the same origin; consequently, it would be enough to present one theorem and trace everything back to it. At the end of the article, then, we will explain the practical use of still introduc-ing more theorems.


Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used in biological studies to dissolve drugs and enzyme inhibitors with low solubility. Although DMSO is generally thought of as being relatively inert, it can induce biological effects that are often overlooked. An example that highlights this potential problem is found in a recent report demonstrating a pathogenic role for natural killer T (NKT) and natural killer (NK) cells in acetaminophen‐induced liver injury (AILI) in C57Bl/6 mice in which DMSO was used to facilitate acetaminophen (APAP) dissolution. We report that NKT and NK cells do not play a pathologic role in AILI in C57Bl/6 mice in the absence of DMSO. Although AILI was significantly attenuated in mice depleted of NKT and NK cells prior to APAP treatment in the presence of DMSO, no such effect was observed when APAP was dissolved in saline. Because of this unexpected finding, the effects of DMSO on hepatic NKT and NK cells were subsequently investigated. When given alone, DMSO activated hepatic NKT and NK cells in vivo as evidenced by increased NKT cell numbers and higher intracellular levels of the cytotoxic effector molecules interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and granzyme B in both cell types. Similarly, when used as a solvent for APAP, DMSO again increased NKT cell numbers and induced IFN‐γ and granzyme B expression in both cell types. Conclusion: These data demonstrate a previously unappreciated effect of DMSO on hepatic NKT and NK cells, suggesting that DMSO should be used cautiously in experiments involving these cells. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)


A recent lattice prediction of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$, with a 2.1 $\sigma$ deviation from the experimental value, has triggered several studies of possible contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. We have recently updated the SM prediction, including all known short-distance and long-distance contributions, our result $\mbox{Re}\left(\varepsilon'/\varepsilon\right) = (15 \pm 7)\cdot 10^{-4}$ is in complete agreement with the experimental measurement. In addition, we emphasize on the importance of the long-distance re-scattering of the final pions in $K \to \pi \pi$ for a correct prediction of $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$.


During the past three decades azole compounds have been developed as medical and agricultural agents to combat fungal diseases. During the 1980s they were introduced as orally active compounds in medicine and the number of such azole drugs is likely to expand in the near future. They act by inhibiting cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51), a key enzyme in the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. Azole antifungals now represent a successful strategy for antifungal development. A universal step in the biosynthesis of membrane sterols and steroid hormones is the oxidative removal of the 14α-methyl group from sterol precursors by sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). This enzyme is a primary target in treatment of fungal infections in organisms ranging from humans to plants, and development of more potent and selective CYP51 inhibitors (azoles) is an important biological objective. However, their clinical value has been limited by their relatively high risk of toxicity, the emergence of drug resistance, pharmacokinetic deficiencies, and/or insufficiencies in their antifungal activities. Despite recent developments, there is still need for genuinely broad-spectrum and low-toxicity azole antifungal agents. In this review molecular basis of how azoles interact with their target enzyme is discussed. Indeed, the understanding of the molecular basis of such interaction will help in the design of more active CYP51 inhibitors.


The series connection \Sigma_{12} linear time-invariant systems \Sigma_1 and \Sigma_2 that have minimal state space system descriptions is considered. From these descriptions strict system equivalent polynomial matrix system descriptions in the manner of Rosenbrock are derived. They are based on the factorization of the transfer matrix of the subsystems as a "ratio" of two right or left coprime polynomial matrices. They give rise to a simple polynomial matrix system description of the tandem connection \Sima_{12} . Theorem 1 states that for the complete controllability and observability of the state space system description of \Sigma_12 it is necessary and sufficient that certain "denominator" and "numerator" groups are coprime. Consequences for feedback systems are drawn in Corollary 1. The role of pole-zero cancellations is explained by Lemma 3 and Corollaries 2 and 3.


Coumarins are naturally occurring, aromatic secondary messengers with a benzopyrone scaffold and they have aroused significant interest due to their bioactivity and pharmacological properties. Coumarins occur in many different microorganisms, few animals and ubiquitously in plants such as grasses, papilionaceaes, tonka beans, in yellow melilots, Chinese cinnamon, woodruff, mahaleb cherry and dates. Although a huge number of pathways for the syntheses of coumarins are known, new routes to access coumarin derivatives still gain a high value in the field of organic synthesis. The possible applications of coumarins are manifold. They are not only used in medicinal chemistry but also e.g. for living cell imaging based on their fluorescent properties.


This article discusses new functions of museums and considers the role of a school museum as an information and communication space within an educational institution. The author presents a variety of genres of school museums and examines their communicative potential in the context of the culture of participation. It is important to note that a range of pedagogical challenges aimed at developing polycode texts in the museum space includes the students' participation in the creation of a virtual museum. New forms of school museums (news Museum, mini-city Museum) and activities (art residence) are proposed. The activity of school Museum is viewed through the prism of informal education. Special attention is paid to using an interactive technology as an effective learning tool. The creation of a virtual school Museum acts as a new learning tool. Therefore, the author concludes that a school museum and its operation need examining from the perspective of informal education.
Keywords: school museum; information and communication space; educational institution, polycode text; virtual museum; informal education


Number-resolving single-photon detectors represent a key technology for a host of quantum optics protocols, comprising quantum state preparation, quantum metrology, entanglement distribution, and quantum computing. Despite significant advances over the last few decades, state-of-the-art technology can distinguish only very low photon numbers with high fidelity. We show that (artificial) atoms coupled to photonic waveguides constitute an ideal platform to entirely absorb incident photonic wavepackets, even in the presence of disorder and finite Purcell factors, with a fidelity increasing with the number of atoms. Absorption is achieved through engineering a decay channel to a metastable state, such that readout of the atomic state after absorption allows number-resolving photon detection.


We investigated the potential of a laser selection in the broad optical range, from ultraviolet through visible to infrared (excitation wavelengths of 325, 532, 785, and 1064 nm) for combined analysis of Earth‐relevant extremophiles (Xanthoria elegans, Buellia frigida, and green alga of Circinaria gyrosa), carbohydrate molecules, as well as Mars and Moon surface regolith simulants as analog mineral mixtures (P‐MRS, S‐MRS, LRS, and JSC‐1). We show that the optimization of the laser photon energy provides (for at least one of the chosen excitation wavelengths) high‐end quality Raman spectra for each examined sample. In most cases, the infrared spectral range is advanced for biological samples, while an excitation in the visible and ultraviolet spectral range is often favorable or at least sufficient for accurate identification/resolution of mineral phases under the illuminated laser spot on the planetary surface simulants. Ultraviolet excitation does not always deliver significant contrast of the Raman Stokes responses to the induced photoluminescence in the studied biomolecules. Most prominent features in the Raman spectra of the biological samples are assigned to their specific pigments, also considered as biomolecular signatures of the extremophiles. The critical issue of specific advantages and limitations of each particular excitation source implies study for gaining scientific return from Raman spectroscopy for exobiological prospecting, for instance, the best trade between a single or dual excitation wavelength(s) for both biological and geological spectral data.


In order to study the subunit composition of 5-HT3 receptors (5-HT3R), we report that (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) can enhance the function of both nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) comprised of alpha4/beta2 subunits, and heteromeric channels assembled from serotonin 5-HT3R and alpha4 nAChR subunits. MTSEA has no effect on homomeric 5-HT3 receptor channels.


Recent studies conducted in small cohorts of children have indicated that broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) may develop earlier after HIV infection compared to adults. To define the frequency and kinetics of bnAb responses in a larger pediatric cohort, we evaluated plasma from 212 ART-naïve, children living with HIV aged 1 to 3 years. Neutralization breadth and potency was assessed using a panel of 10 tier-2 viruses and compared to those of adults with chronic HIV. Further, the magnitude, epitope specificity and IgG subclass distribution of Env-specific antibodies were also assessed using a binding antibody multiplex assay. We found that 1-year-old children demonstrated neutralization breadth comparable to that of chronically-infected adults, and breadth continued to increase with age such that the pediatric cohort overall exhibited significantly greater neutralization breadth than adults (p= 0.014). Similarly, binding antibody responses increased with age, and the levels in 2 to 3 year-old children were comparable to those of adults. Overall, there was no significant difference in antibody specificities or IgG subclass distribution between the pediatric and adult cohorts. Interestingly, the neutralization activity was mapped to a single epitope (CD4 binding site, V2 or V3 glycans) in only 5 of 38 pediatric broadly neutralizing samples, suggesting a polyclonal neutralization response may develop in most children. These results contribute to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the early life immune system may present advantages for the development of an effective HIV vaccine. Author summary Understanding the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies during natural HIV infection is critical to provide insights for the development of an effective vaccine. In this study, we used a large cohort (n=212) of HIV infected children aged 1-3 years old to define the frequency and kinetics of broad neutralization in comparison to adults with chronic HIV. We also evaluated the magnitude and epitope specificity of HIV Env-specific antibodies in children and adults. We observed that both the binding and neutralizing antibody responses increased with age. However, by one year of age, children had neutralization breadth comparable to that of chronically infected adults; and overall, 1-3 year-old children demonstrated higher neutralization breadth than adults. Only slight differences in epitope-specificity and IgG subclass distribution were observed between children and adults, suggesting that these factors are not major contributors to the observed age-related difference in neutralization breadth. The epitope specificity of the neutralizing antibodies could not be mapped in the majority of children, suggesting that their response may be polyclonal. Our study contributes to the body of work indicating a potential advantage of the early life immune system for the elicitation of broad neutralization.


Oil and rock samples collected throughout the northeastern Timan Pechora basin identify key oil families and correlate these oil families to stratigraphic units that sourced them based on distinctive molecular characteristics. Three distinctive hydrocarbon systems have been identified within the northeastern Timan Pechora basin. Hydro carbons, both oil and gas, are found in clastic and carbonate reservoirs from the Lower Silurian to the Triassic. Three major oil families have been identified based on physical properties, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. Family A oils are found in Permian-Silurian reservoirs within the Sorokin swell and Upper Devonian reservoirs within the eastern and western edges of the Khoreyver depression. This oil family is sourced from an Upper Devonian bitumen-laminated carbonate mudstone informally known as the domanik facies. Family B oils are found only in Upper Devonian reservoirs within the central Khoreyver depression. This oil family is most likely sourced from Upper Devonian hypersaline marine mudstones with significant bacterial input. Many of the family B oils were generated at temperatures less than that for peak oil generation. Family C oils are found in Carboniferous-Lower Devonian reservoirs within the northern Sorokin swell. This family is sourced from marine mudstones that have Gloecapsamorpha prisca, as well as other marine algae, present. Organic-rich Lower Devonian and Silurian shales contain similar molecular characteristics and are potential sources for the family C oils.


This study was conducted to evaluate the hermetic and common storage systems on the milling quality of six varieties of paddy, Bg 352, Bg 300, Bg 358, Bg 360, At 405 and At 306. Paddies were first solar dried to moisture content of 12±1% (wb) and then disinfested with chloroform before storage. The six varieties were stored in hermetic IRRI- super bags and common poly-sack bags at an air temperate of 30±5 ° C and a relative humidity of 80±5%. After 4½ months of storage, samples were tested for gas content, moisture content (MC), thousand grain mass (TGM), grain hardness, grain dimensions, whiteness (WH), milling parameters, and true density (D T ) with their initial condition. Oxygen content dropped to 13.7% within 4 ½ months and carbon dioxide rose to 2.4% in the hermetic IRRI-super bag. The results showed that MC of the poly-sack stored paddy (13-13.6%) significantly increased (p 0.05) was found in milling parameters and other properties among two storage methods. However, different quality parameters were observed according to the varietal differences under all test conditions. The results of this study suggest that hermetic storage of dried paddy has no adverse effect on milling yield, grain whiteness and other quality parameters up to 4 ½ months of storage.


With the aid of simple numerical models, we discuss a particular aspect of the interaction between stellar orbital periods inside elliptical galaxies (Es) and the parent cluster tidal field (CTF), i.e., the possibility that collisionless stellar evaporation from Es is an effective mechanism for the production of the recently discovered intracluster stellar populations (ISP). These very preliminary investigations, based on idealized galaxy density profiles (such as Ferrers density distributions) show that, over an Hubble time, the amount of stars lost by a representative galaxy may sum up to the 10% of the initial galaxy mass, a fraction in interesting agreement with observational data. The effectiveness of this mechanism is due to the fact that the galaxy oscillation periods near its equilibrium configurations in the CTF are of the same order of stellar orbital times in the external galaxy regions.


Educational institutions are said to be advanced if they are successful in both academic and non-academic fields. Success in this non-academic field includes the attitudes and behavior of students who are good and have noble character. Awareness of how important character education is for the next generation of this nation is growing and putting hope in its development in the field of education. The purpose of this research is of course to find out and be able to implement more about character education from an Islamic perspective. By using qualitative research methods, the researchers obtained results regarding the Islamic perspective in character education and its implementation at the elementary school level. The researchers obtained the results from the questionnaire and then processed the data through descriptive-qualitative analysis. By understanding the various opinions the researchers succeeded in getting the results of the Implementation of Islam in Character Education in Elementary Schools.


When rhodopsin is bleached by light, its prosthetic group, retinene, is broken away from its original sites of attachment on the protein, opsin. This process can be expected to uncover new groups on opsin, at the least those groups which had been involved in holding retinene, and perhaps others, associated with some general loosening of structure of the protein. Indeed it has been recognized that the bleaching of rhodopsin possesses some of the characteristics of a protein denaturation (Wald, 1935-36; Mirsky, 1936; Wald and Brown, 1951-52). Only two changes in the protein have heretofore been measured. Broda and Victor (1940) reported that on bleaching, the isoelectric point of frog rhodopsin shifts from 4.47 to 4.57. Wald and Brown (1951-52) found that the bleaching of rhodopsin (frog, cattle, squid) exposes 2 to 3 sulfhydryl groups for each retinene molecule liberated. This last observation implied that at sufficiently alkaline pH to ionize sulfhydryl groups, the bleaching of rhodopsin should liberate hydrogen ions. This is indeed the case. If a slightly alkaline rhodopsin solution (pH 9-10) is brought into balance in a pH meter, exposure of the solution to bright white light causes an immediate deflection of the needle in the acid direction. There is no a pciori reason to believe that the changes in rhodopsin on bleach° ing are confined to sulfhydryl groups or alkalinepH. We undertook therefore the titration of rhodopsin over its entire stability range, and a study of the acid-base changes associated with bleaching.


Examines the benefits of education and training. Shows that only a very low percentage of graduates or people with higher education qualifications are unemployed. Suggests that we should become a learning society in order to become internationally competitive. Concludes that achieving national targets for education and training is essential to our national prosperity and competitiveness.


Introduction: are rare but devastating complication after median sternotomy following cardiac surgery. Especially in the presence of artificial material or inadequate preliminary muscle flaps, the pedicled omentum flap is due to its immu-nological properties, the predetermined flap in salvage procedures. Methods: We treated 14 patients suffering a mediastinitis and open thorax using a pedicled omentoplasty as a salvage procedure because of persisting DSWIs. Omentoplasty was performed in combination with a split skin graft and the wound was closed by a vacuum-assisted therapy for 7 days. The patients' sex and comorbid risk factors supporting DSWIs as well as the postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Retrospective analysis of 14 patients (10 males and four females) after a follow-up time of 24 months was performed. The average age was 75 years (range: 67–83). Heart surgery took place electively in eight cases, in three cases urgently and three for emergency reasons. The preoperative Euro Score was 16 (range 3.51–42.58). We had no flap loss in any patients. The skin graft showed a full take in all patients. Two patients needed revision of an abdominal wound dehiscence after laparotomy and one patient developed hernia in the late outcome. Discussion: The greater omentum flap has, over many years, become an ideal partner in the coverage and treatment of DSWIs. Especially due to its immunologic capacity and amorphous structure, it has the ability to fill up cavities and cover infected artificial material so residual infections can be controlled.


The temperatures of the roots, the apical meristem, and the shoots of Zea mays plants were varied independently of each other and the rates of leaf extension were measured. When the temperature of the apical meristem and region of cell expansion at the base of the leaf was kept at 25 °C, changes of leaf extension in response to changes of root and shoot temperatures were less pronounced. When the temperature of the meristematic region was changed by increments of 5 or 10 °C from 0 to 40 °C, and the root and shoot temperatures were kept at 25 °C, rapid changes in leaf extension occurred. It was concluded that the rates of leaf extension were controlled at root-zone temperatures of 5 to 35 °C by heating or cooling of the meristematic region. Changes in rates of leaf extension in response to changes in air temperature were attributed to direct effects on the temperature of the meristematic region and on the physiology of the leaf.


Aim – to compare the treatment results of the acute period of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with a complicated course depending on the method used for occlusion of the aneurysm – microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Material and methods. The treatment results of patients with aneurysmal SAH were analyzed, among which 124 cases (49.6 %) with the complicated course were identified and divided into a "coiling" group and a "clipping" group. The severity of SAH was determined using the Hunt-Hess and WFNS clinical scales, and the Fisher radiological scale. The result was evaluated according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results. Age gradation and gender differences in the compared groups did not have a significant difference. An almost equal number of aneurysms of the anterior cerebral – anterior communicating artery complex was noted, 54.84 % in the "coiling" group and 61.29 % in the "clipping" group. The "coiling" group was dominated by internal carotid artery aneurysms (32.26 %), while middle cerebral artery aneurysms prevailed in the "clipping" group (35.48 %). There were no significant differences in the severity of SAH (mean value (mv)): WFNS in the "coiling" group – 2.1 and Hunt– Hess – 2.63, in the "clipping" group – 2.1 and 2.7, respectively; the mv on the Fisher scale was 3.5 in the "coiling" and 3.4 – in the "clipping" group. The mv of the dysfunction degree according to mRS amounted to 2.64 in the "coiling" group and 3.5 in the "clipping" group. A good treatment result (mRS score of 1–2) was noted in 67.7 % of cases in the "coiling" group, while in the "clipping" group – in 37.1 %. Mortality rate was 17.7 % in the "coiling" group and 19.3 % – in the "clipping" group. There was a direct correlation between the SAH severity according to the Hunt–Hess and WFNS scales and mRS. There was no correlation between the SAH severity according to the Fisher scale and mRS. Conclusions. With the same severity of complicated aneurysmal SAH according to the generally accepted scales, the functional treatment outcome was better in the "coiling" group. The Fisher scale did not correlate with the functional outcome defined by mRS. Microsurgical "clipping" often resulted in the development of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus.


Public support for political actors and institutions depends on the frames emphasized in elite debate, especially following a political controversy. In the aftermath of Bush v. Gore, the Supreme Court made itself the object of political controversy because it effectively ended the 2000 presidential election. Opponents of the decision framed the Supreme Court ruling as partisan and "stealing the election," while supporters framed it as a principled vote based on legal considerations. Using survey data, we examine how framing the controversy in these terms shaped the Court's public support. In so doing, we examine the distinction between specific support (e.g., confidence in officeholders) and diffuse support (e.g., institutional legitimacy). We find that framing the decision in terms of partisan decision making influences specific support, but it does not affect diffuse support. However, framing the justices' motives in terms of ending the election, a specific consequence of the decision, reduces diffuse s...


Conductance fluctuations of a heterojunction of mesoscopic size have been observed by sweeping a magnetic field or applying a short-voltage pulse for stimulating low-frequency conductance jumps. The last method provides a new way for doing statistics over an ensemble of microscopically different samples. The two methods yield a Gaussian distribution of the conductance fluctuations, whose variance agrees with the theory of universal conductance fluctuations. The variance of the jump distribution is shown to be larger when time-reversal symmetry is satisfied than when a magnetic field is applied. This means that a transition between the orthogonal and unitary Wigner-Dyson ensembles has been observed in quantum transport.


As decision makers of online trading, consumers make trading decisions according to their perceived profit value. Considering both the objective profit value and consumers' trust profit (or loss) value according to the evaluation of historical buyers, this paper proposed an analysis method about perceived profit value based on prospect theory. Firstly, it described the variables related to the calculation of perceived profit value. Next, based on the thought of reference de- pendent, loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity, it calculated consumers' perceived value according to each evaluation grade. Then, it used the distorted probability judgment thought to achieve the corresponding perceived weight of each evaluation grade according to its statistical probability. Finally, it calculated consumers' total perceived profit value based on the above. An example was illustrated to explain the concrete calculation processes.


Background: Vitrification is a simple and ultra rapid technique for the conservation of fertility. In this study, we compare the in vitro development of preantral follicles obtained from fresh specimens with vitrified- warmed mouse ovaries. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 20, 14-day-old female mice (NMRI). Ovaries were vitrified with a solution containing ethylene glycol, ficoll 70 and sucrose in PB1 (EGFS40) for 5 min, and transferred directly into liquid nitrogen and stored for one week. Fast warming was done by descending sucrose at room temperature. Preantral follicles with 100-130 µm in diameter were mechanically isolated from fresh and vitrified-warmed ovaries and cultured in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mIU/ml rFSH, 1% ITS, and 20ng/ml mrEGF in vitro for 10 days. Diameter of follicle, and, survival rate and number of antral follicles in both groups were compared using t-test and chi-square test, respectively. Results : Isolated follicles from the vitrified and nonvitrified groups survived and grew in vitro culture. On the day 6 survival rates in the vitrified and fresh control groups were 72.1% and 78.6%, and, on the day 10, they were 66.9% and 72.6%, respectively. Follicle antrum formation was 37.5% in the vitrified group while it was 43.5% in the fresh group in the 10th day. On the day 2, the mean diameters of fresh and vitrified follicles were 158.11 ± 11.23 and 155.48 ± 8.35 and on the day 4, they were 201.56 ± 9.87 and 193.42 ± 8.46, respectively. There was no significant difference between the control and vitrified groups in these variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, cryopreservation of the ovary by vitrification seems to be a promising method to preserve ovarian follicles.


A concept introduced previously as an approach for finding superposition formulae for solutions of nonlinear PDEs and an explanation of various types of wave interactions in such systems is developed further, both from the theoretical and technical point of view. In its framework, which is the framework of the multidimensional superposition principle, a straightforward and self-consistent technique for constructing the related invariant manifolds in a soliton case is proposed. The method is illustrated by simple examples, which, in particular, show in principle the generality that exists between superposition formulae for conventional linear and nonlinear soliton equations. The demonstration that the so-called truncated singular expansions associated can be with some sort of the above soliton invariant manifolds is also presented.


Among dust particles of various origins collected in the MAST vessel, large quantities of carbon nanoparticles are observed. They are produced in the coldest plasma regions from the nucleation of carbonaceous species originating from physical and chemical erosion of the graphitic plasma facing components. On the other hand, laboratory plasmas studies show that in an environment of reactive carbonaceous species, complex chemical pathways lead to various molecular precursors which depend strongly on plasma conditions. The latter vary very often in a tokamak. Nevertheless, the final nanoparticles produced in laboratory plasmas and in MAST present similarities, giving indications on common growth processes in the plasma.


A thermally stimulated current technique is used to depopulate shallow electronic charge carrier traps in poly(ethylene terephthalate) films. In undoped films, a broad energy distribution of traps are populated following irradiation. By introducing a chemical dopant that acts as a deep photocarrier trap, the shallow trap population and subsequent transport of photocarriers is radically reduced. Based on results for films containing known dopant concentrations, the authors estimate the density and trapping parameters of the intrinsic trap states.


We examine the global legal entity identifier (LEI) system for the identification of participants in financial markets. Semi-structured interviews with data professionals revealed the many ways in which the LEI can improve both business process efficiency, and counterparty and credit risk management. Larger social benefits, including the monitoring of systemic financial risk, are achievable if it becomes the accepted universal standard for legal entity identification. Our interviews also review the substantial co-ordination and investment barriers to LEI adoption. To address these, a clear regulatory-led road map is needed for its future development, with widespread application in regulatory reporting.


Abstract In Ethiopia, home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders (MNPs) was introduced in 2015 as a new approach to improve micronutrient intakes. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with intake adherence and drivers for correct MNP use over time to inform scale‐up of MNP interventions. Mixed methods including questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions were used. Participants, 1,185 children (6–11 months), received bimonthly 30 MNP sachets for 8 months, with instruction to consume 15 sachets/month, that is, a sachet every other day and maximum of one sachet per day. Adherence to distribution (if child receives ≥14 sachets/month) and adherence to instruction (if child receives exactly 15[±1] sachets/month) were assessed monthly by counting used sachets. Factors associated with adherence were examined using generalized estimating equations. Adherence fluctuated over time, an average of 58% adherence to distribution and 28% for adherence to instruction. Average MNP consumption was 79% out of the total sachets provided. Factors positively associated with adherence included ease of use (instruction), child liking MNP and support from community (distribution and instruction) and mother's age >25 years (distribution). Distance to health post, knowledge of correct use (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66–0.81), perceived negative effects (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54–0.99) and living in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People Region (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.52–0.67) were inversely associated with adherence to distribution. Free MNP provision, trust in the government and field staff played a role in successful implementation. MNP is promising to be scaled‐up, by taking into account factors that positively and negatively determine adherence.


3056 Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes oxidative degradation of heme to form biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. Increasing evidences have indicated the critical role of HO-1 in cytoprotection and more diverse biological functions. HO-1 has been reported to stimulate tumor cell growth and proliferation. And several tumors, including renal cell carcinoma, prostate tumor, hepatoma, and sarcoma, express a high level of HO-1. We previously demonstrated that HO-1 was expressed highly in A549 cells than other lung cancer cell lines. We aimed to investigate whether inhibition of HO-1 may induce apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. ZnPP, specific HO inhibitor, significantly decreased the viability of A549 cells than other lung cancer cells in a dose-dependant fashion. Consistent with viability, HO enzymatic activity also decreased. Moreover, ZnPP induced the generation of intracellular H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. A549 cells, next, were transfected by HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced apoptosis, and Nrf2 siRNA resulted in a decrease of HO-1 expression. However, NFkB siRNA had no influence on the expression of HO-1. These finding suggest that increasing HO-1 expression in A549 cells may be resulted from the transcriptional activation of Nrf2, and inhibition of Nrf2-HO-1 pathway induces apoptosis. Therefore it provides new important insights into the possible molecular mechanism of the antitumor therapy. Key word : Heme oxygenase-1, Nrf2, Lung Cancer


In this paper, we propose a deployment framework for future indoor small cell networks that will be beneficial for the venue owner/campus, micro-operator (uO), end-users and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). The research is motivated by ongoing struggle to improve indoor coverage, to meet ever increasing capacity demands and to develop 5G access solutions to be ready for future use cases. The framework conceives an indoor small cell deployment for the campus, operated and managed by the uO, which leverages network slicing to provide the campus with local customized service, while at the same time also acting as a neutral host for participating MNOs. The proposed framework will be beneficial in terms of reduced costs, additional revenues, dedicated services, coverage, and spectrum utilization. In the end, the framework is contended to be economically viable and more beneficial than Wi-Fi deployments. The total cost of ownership (TCO) is calculated per access point type and then the TCO for current total capacity is calculated for each option. The analysis shows that although small cells are expensive on a unit basis but the overall network can be cheaper and more beneficial than a Wi-Fi deployment.


As huge consumers of water and energy, healthcare sector have a significant environmental impact The healthcare sector is accountable for answering countless the most dangerous effects of climate change and pollution, deadly environmental emissions and other greenhouse gases itself This study aims to observe empirically the effect of healthcare expenditure and heath sectors growth on CO2 during Covid 19 outbreak in Malaysia As the world has awakened to the potential risks of Covid 19, there has been a massive effort to add capacity to the healthcare system rapidly In Malaysia, apart from stressing the need for the public to strictly adhere to the Movement Control Order (MCO), the government an immediate boost in funding for healthcare services through initial stage fiscal policy response to Covid 19 outbreak This research used Dynamic Panel Data Model also known as longitudinal study This study explained Dynamic Panel Data System GMM Estimation model is fitting to interpret the outcome, indicate healthcare expenditure and healthcare growth on Covid-19, inflation rate and unemployment rate have significant relationship with CO2 emission Empirical findings suggest that CO2 emissions policies reforms are required to channelize healthcare sector growth to a more government spending resulting from fiscal policy designed by the government of Malaysia The regulators of other countries should pull out CO2 emissions policies to achieve sustainable economic growth and health sector growth development The results provide important information to allow comparisons of the health-care sector with other economic sectors in Malaysia and the global healthcare sector in terms of CO2 emission In particular, the results are intended to contribute to the understanding of the CO2 emission of national healthcare systems so that policymakers, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, can develop relevant CO2 emissions mitigation policies © 2020, Econjournals All rights reserved


Experimental data on lithium ion batteries with LiCoO2 as cathode and SSG (a modified natural graphite) as anode showing good uniformity, high capacity and good cycling behavior are reported. Three cells were cycled for 500, 1060 and 1600 cycles, the changes of the graphitic anode material were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and capacity measurements in order to identify the mechanism of capacity fading of these lithium ion batteries. During cycling, the graphitic structure is very stable and evidently does not change. However, the electrolyte solution continuously reacts with the anode material during cycling and the thickness of the surface film on the anode material increases with cycling, which leads to a change of the surface composition, increase of charge transfer resistance and decrease of the height of redox peaks in cyclic voltammograms. The comparison of the capacity fading of the anode material and the complete lithium ion batteries shows clearly that the anode mainly contributes to capacity fading of lithium ion batteries due to reactions of electrolyte solution constituents with the anode material during cycling. These results provide valuable clues for manufacturing lithium ion batteries with improved cycling behavior.


Protein lysine acetylation (PLA) is a crucial post-translational modification in organisms that regulates a variety of metabolic and physiological activities. Many advances have been made in PLA-related research; however, the quick and accurate identification of causal relationships between specific protein acetylation events and phenotypic outcomes at the proteome level remains unattainable due to the lack of in situ targeted modification techniques. In this study, based on the characteristics of transcription-translation coupling in bacteria, we designed and constructed an in situ targeted protein acetylation (TPA) system fusing the dCas12a protein, guiding element crRNA, and bacterial acetylase At2. Rapid identification of multiple independent protein acetylation and cell phenotypic analyses in gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive C. ljungdahlii demonstrated that TPA is a specific and efficient targeting tool for protein modification studies and engineering.


A U-shaped oscillating water column (U-OWC) device has been investigated to enhance power extraction by placing the bottom-mounted vertical barrier in front of a conventional OWC. Then, the optimal design of a U-OWC device has been attempted by using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. First, the analytical model is developed by a matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM) based on linear potential theory. Using the developed analytical model, the input and output features for training an ANN model are identified, and then the database containing input and output features is established by a Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method. With 200 samples, an ANN model is trained with the training data (70%) and validated with the remaining test data (30%). The predictions on output features are made for 4000 random combinations of input features for given significant wave heights and energy periods in irregular waves. From these predictions, the optimal geometric values of a U-OWC are determined by considering both the conversion efficiency and wave force on the barrier. It is found that a well-trained ANN model shows good prediction accuracy and provides the optimal geometric values of a U-OWC suitable for wave conditions at the installation site.


We used quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-replication transmission electron microscopy to determine at molecular resolution the organization of microfilaments at the cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemma of Xenopus myocytes. We demonstrate that actin microfilaments interact with the sarcolemma in two distinct ways. In one, which resembled focal contacts in Xenopus fibroblasts [Samuelsson et al., 1993: J. Cell Biol. 122:485-496], bundles of microfilaments approached the sarcolemma at sites containing aggregates of membrane-associated particles. Immunogold cytochemistry showed that these particle aggregates contained vinculin, talin and beta 1-integrin. In the second, which covered most of the cytoplasmic surface of the sarcolemma, individual actin microfilaments formed an extensive, lattice-like array. Particle aggregates associated with this array of actin microfilaments also labeled with antibodies to vinculin, talin and beta 1-integrin. The unique, lattice-like association of actin microfilaments with the membrane in Xenopus myocytes suggests that the organization of actin filaments over most of the sarcolemma is distinct from focal contacts, mediating widespread associations of the actin cytoskeleton with the cytoplasmic membrane face.


In this paper, problems and solutions are proposed for applying IEC 61850 to Distribution Automation System(DAS). Communication protocol integration in power automation system have issued by IEC standards, IEC 61850 of them has researched for applying IEC 61850 to many areas of power system in spite of that it was made for substation automation system. Especially, DAS is just about to apply IEC 61850 by communication network change from serial to ethernet although DNP 3.0 is used. But it's impossible to apply directly IEC 61850 to DAS by difference of environment which unfixed wide area and separated nodes in power distribution system unlike concept of IEC 61850 is made by Substation Automation System(SAS) environment of limited space. Thus, this paper proposed applications of three types which conceptual, practical, and future to consider problems and solutions when apply IEC 61850 to Ethernet based DAS.


Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed for many psychiatric disorders and revealed a complex polygenic architecture linking mental and physical health phenotypes. Psychiatric diagnoses are often heterogeneous, and several layers of trait heterogeneity may contribute to detection of genetic risks per disorder or across multiple disorders. In this review, we discuss these heterogeneities and their consequences on the discovery of risk loci using large-scale genetic data. We primarily highlight the ways in which sex and diagnostic complexity contribute to risk locus discovery in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome and chronic tic disorder, anxiety disorders, suicidality, feeding and eating disorders, and substance use disorders. Genetic data also have facilitated discovery of clinically relevant subphenotypes also described here. Collectively, GWAS of psychiatric disorders revealed that the understanding of heterogeneity, polygenicity, and pleiotropy is critical to translate genetic findings into treatment strategies.


Operational Technology (OT) systems are becoming increasingly software-driven and connected. This creates new digitalization opportunities but can also increase the risk of cyber security breaches than can have severe consequences. Through a close dialogue with Norwegian actors in the oil-and gas industry and insight into the IEC 62443 standard we propose a process model for continuous risk assessment and mitigation. This paper explains the phases and details of the model and discusses its limitations and further work


Aim: Understanding the prevalence of antibiotic resistance can provide reliable information for selecting treatment options. The goal of this meta-analysis was to observe the primary antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in different regions and time periods of China. Method: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical databases and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure from inception to 20 February 2022. Data on the prevalence of H. pylori primary resistance at various time points were included. A random-effect model was established to calculate the pooled antibiotic resistance. Results: In total, 2150 articles were searched, with 70 meeting the inclusion criteria. The resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin amoxicillin, tetracycline and furazolidone in 2016–2020 were 34% (95% CI: 30–39%), 78% (95% CI: 73–84%), 35% (95% CI: 30–40%), 3% (95% CI: 1–5%), 2% (95%CI: 1–4%) and 1% (95% CI: 0–4%), respectively. Clarithromycin showed regional difference, as the resistance was higher in northern (37%, 95% CI: 32–41%) and western China (35%, 95% CI: 17–54%) than that in southern (24%, 95% CI: 17–32%) and eastern China (24%, 95% CI: 20–28%). Conclusion: The resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin and metronidazole was high and increased over time, whereas resistance to levofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline and furazolidone remained stable.


Vascular cognitive impairment comprises a spectrum ranging from the prodromal stage of vascular mild cognitive impairment (v-MCI) to full-brown vascular dementia with a varying degree of Alzheimer's pathology and vascular comorbidity. In this review, we discuss the relationships of hypertensive small vessel disease (HSVD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which are the representative types of subcortical and cortical small vessel diseases, respectively. HSVD predominantly affects the penetrating artery territories, and CAA is located at the cerebral cortices admixed with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The former causes lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions, whereas the latter results in subcortical hemorrhage and white matter lesions. Recent development in magnetic resonance imaging has enabled differentiation of CAA-related micro-lesions including lobar cerebral microbleeds, cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cortical microinfarcts. Both HSVD and CAA are differentially located in the brain, but patients with higher degree of CAA are predisposed to have more severe HSVD. Therefore, it is likely that these diseases progress in concert with each other with advancing age. The interaction between HSVD and CAA may explain the pathophysiology of VCI and but further investigations are required to understand this.


In this paper, a speed control system for a three-phase induction motor was modelled and designed within LabVIEW software environment. After structuring the dynamical model of the motor, a current controller was developed to stabilize the system and avoid a wind-up situation. Then, a speed controller was designed, using PID and Field Weakening techniques, to generate the reference current values. The field-weakening algorithm is used to achieve stability at speeds that are higher than the nominal one. An estimator is used to calculate the flux angle and the electromechanical speed of the motor. As a result, the system achieved the desired speed with good transient and steady state responses. In addition, the system proved to be robust when the torque load is applied in all cases.


In this paper the authors model the impact of state ownership as a component of the corporate financial architecture on corporate performance and conduct a cross-country analysis of this effect in order to identify the geopolitical differences. The cross-country analysis is focused on the level of development of the institutional mechanisms, designed to protect minority shareholders. The major findings of the paper are in line with a number of research papers' results obtained in the developed and emerging markets. The contribution of this paper is the joint analysis of two different factors: state ownership and investor protection level and the development of the corporate performance model taking into account the joint influence of these factors as well as their interrelation.


Open-vocabulary dense prediction tasks including object detection and image segmentation have been advanced by the success of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP). CLIP models, particularly those incorporating vision transformers (ViTs), have exhibited remarkable generalization ability in zero-shot image classification. However, when transferring the vision-language alignment of CLIP from global image representation to local region representation for the open-vocabulary dense prediction tasks, CLIP ViTs suffer from the domain shift from full images to local image regions. In this paper, we embark on an in-depth analysis of the region-language alignment in CLIP models, which is essential for downstream open-vocabulary dense prediction tasks. Subsequently, we propose an approach named CLIPSelf, which adapts the image-level recognition ability of CLIP ViT to local image regions without needing any region-text pairs. CLIPSelf empowers ViTs to distill itself by aligning a region representation extracted from its dense feature map with the image-level representation of the corresponding image crop. With the enhanced CLIP ViTs, we achieve new state-of-the-art performance on open-vocabulary object detection, semantic segmentation, and panoptic segmentation across various benchmarks. Models and code will be available at https://github.com/wusize/CLIPSelf.


The dynamics of Pinus mugo krummholz during concomitant change in pastoral land use and climate in central Italy since the mid-20th century was investigated. Krummholz dynamics were detected using sequential aerial photography and fitted to a logistic regression model with elevation, grazing, proximity to beech forest, and proximity to krummholz as explanatory variables. Dendrochronological series were correlated with temperature and precipitation and fitted to a linear model. During this period krummholz doubled in extent and migrated 35–65 m upslope. Expansion was positively associated with krummholz proximity, residual pastoral grazing, and proximity to beech forest beyond 10 m and negatively associated with elevation and beech forest closer than 10 m. The logistic regression model forecasts krummholz migration by an additional 30 m upslope by 2060. During the 20th century, winter and spring minimum temperatures increased but did not result in increased radial stem growth of P. mugo. The combined evidence suggests that krummholz dynamics can be explained by the legacy of summer pastoralism and the dispersal limitations of P. mugo, rather than by climate change.


The algebraically special frequencies of Taub-NUT black holes are investigated in detail in comparison with known results concerning the Schwarzschild case. The periodicity of the time coordinate, required for regularity of the solution, prevents algebraically special frequencies to be physically acceptable. In the more involved Kerr-Taub-NUT case, the relevant equations governing the problem are obtained.


Graph-structured data is ubiquitous in science, engineering and has been successfully used in various real-life applications for social networks, molecular graphs, and biological networks. Hence, it is worth exploring prospective mechanisms to deal with the unprecedented growth in volumes and problem complexity of graph-structured data. Graph representation learning has recently emerged as a new promising paradigm, which learns a parametric mapping function that embeds nodes, subgraphs, or the entire graph into low-dimensional continuous vectors. In this thesis, we focus on developing novel and advanced graph embedding models for the two most popular types of graphs: undirected graph and knowledge graph.


To elucidate the mechanisms of protective effect of M6434 on experimental shock, the authors examined the effects of this compound on the survival time and hemodynamic changes in severely hemorrhagic-shocked dogs. We also examined the effects of M6434 on contractile tension of isolated canine ventricular strips and on venous return in dogs with cardiopulmonary bypass in normal and shock state. Intravenous infusion of M6434 at 10 micrograms/kg/min prolonged survival and maintained mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and first derivative of left ventricular pressure at higher levels than those in the control group, whereas dopamine (10 micrograms/kg/min) did not significantly affect survival time and hemodynamic parameters. M6434 did not change contractile tension in electrically stimulated canine ventricular strips. M6434 (20 micrograms/kg/min) increased the venous return of dogs with cardiopulmonary bypass in both shock and normal state. Phenylephrine (20 micrograms/kg/min) slightly increased venous return in normal state, but not during shock. Dopamine had no effect at 20 micrograms/kg/min, but it increased venous return in both states at 50 micrograms/kg/min. These results suggest that M6434 may improve the hemodynamic derangement in severe hemorrhagic shock through decreasing venous blood pooling.


Generally, air pollution refer to the release of various pollutants into the air which are threatening the human health and planet as well. The air pollution is the major dangerous vicious to the humanity ever faced. It causes major damage to animals, plants etc., if this keeps on continuing, the human being will face serious situations in the upcoming years. The major pollutants are from the transport and industries. So, to prevent this problem major sectors have to predict the air quality from transport and industries .In existing project there are many disadvantages. The project is about estimating the PM2.5 concentration by designing a photograph based method. But photographic method is not alone sufficient to calculate PM2.5 because it contains only one of the concentration of pollutants and it calculates only PM2.5 so there are some missing out of the major pollutants and the information needed for controlling the pollution .So thereby we proposed the machine learning techniques by user interface of GUI application. In this multiple dataset can be combined from the different source to form a generalized dataset and various machine learning algorithms are used to get the results with maximum accuracy. From comparing various machine learning algorithms we can obtain the best accuracy result. Our evaluation gives the comprehensive manual to sensitivity evaluation of model parameters with regard to overall performance in prediction of air high quality pollutants through accuracy calculation. Additionally to discuss and compare the performance of machine learning algorithms from the dataset with evaluation of GUI based user interface air quality prediction by attributes.


Dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI was applied at 7 T in the rat olfactory bulb (OB) with pulsed delivery of iso-amyl acetate (IAA) and limonene. Acquisition times for single-slice and whole OB data were 8 and 32 s, respectively, with spatial resolution of 220 x 220 x 250 micrometer. On an intrasubject basis, short IAA exposures of 0.6 min separated by 3.5-min intervals induced reproducible spatial activity patterns (SAPs) in the olfactory nerve layer, glomerular layer, and external plexiform layer. During long exposures ( approximately 10 min), the initially dominant dorsal SAPs declined in intensity and area, whereas in some OB regions, the initially weak ventral/lateral SAPs increased first and then decreased. The SAPs of different concentrations were topologically similar, which implies that whereas an odor at various concentrations activates the same subsets of receptor cells, different concentrations are assessed and discriminated by variable magnitudes of laminarspecific activations. IAA and limonene reproducibly activated different subsets of receptor cells with some overlaps. Whereas qualitative topographical agreement was observed with results from other methods, the current dynamic blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI results can provide quantitative SAPs of the entire OB.


This paper proposes an efficient scheme for quantum communication between two atoms trapped in distant cavities which are connected by an optical fibre. During the operation, all the atomic system, the cavity modes and the fibre are not excited. The quantum state is mediated by the vacuum fields. The idea can be used to realize quantum entanglement between two distant atoms via vacuum.


The Dictyostelium discoidium G-box binding factor (GBF) is required for the induction of known postaggregative and cell-type-specific genes. gbf-null cells undergo developmental arrest at the loose-mound stage due to the absence of GBF-targeted gene transcription. GBF-mediated gene expression is activated by stimulation of cell-surface, seven-span cAMP receptors, but this activation is independent of heterotrimeric G-proteins. To further characterize GBF, we assayed a series of GBF mutants for their ability to bind a G-box in vitro and to complement the gbf-null phenotype. In vitro DNA-binding activity resides in the central portion of the protein, which contains two predicted zinc fingers. However, in vivo GBF function requires only one intact zinc finger. In addition, expression of some GBF mutants results in a partial complementation phenotype, suggesting that these mutants are hypomorphic alleles. We used a 2.4-kb GBF-promoter fragment to examine the regulation of GBF expression. GBF promoter-reporter studies confirmed the previous finding that GBF transcription is induced by continuous, micromolar extracellular cAMP. We also show that, like the activation of GBF-regulated transcription, the induction of GBF expression requires cell-surface cAMP receptors, but not heterotrimeric G-proteins. Finally, reporter studies demonstrated that induction of GBF-promoter-regulated expression does not require the presence of GBF protein, indicating that GBF expression is not regulated by a positive autoregulatory loop.


Many basic engineering techniques rely on fundamental science that is so well embedded and accepted, that it becomes effectively 'invisible' to the average user. Doppler Shift is one such physical phenomenon that is widely used throughout science and engineering, but often without being noticed. Probably the most familiar scientific application of Doppler is the measurement of the speed of stars, to identify the expansion of the Universe since the 'Big Bang'. But in engineering and R&D, it can and is being used as a powerful vibration measurement tool. Using laser-based interferometric techniques, with Doppler Frequency Shifting in one path of the interferometer, velocities and displacements as subtle as those of the hearing mechanisms of flies and as fierce as the motion of Formula 1 engines valves can be measured This paper describes the basics of Doppler Shift and its use within Laser Doppler Vibration and Velocity measurement instruments. It will cover the extremely wide performance capabilities of the technique and the practical advantages of such instruments, with some practical examples of how and where they are currently being used. Of these examples, many are unique and would not be practical or even feasible without the availability of such tools


NRG1 is a gene that encodes for a protein that binds to a receptor of the tyrosine kinase family which is essential for the survival of the central nervous system development during embryogenesis. Mutation of the NRG1 gene causes aganglionosis, which leads to Hirschsprung disease. Two brothers of Acadian descent presented with a history of Hirschsprung disease, in association with other anomalies including congenital heart disease, learning difficulties, developmental issues, and hypopigmented hair patch. Molecular analysis in both siblings revealed a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the NGR1 gene (c.235C>T [p.Arg79*]), that was inherited from an unaffected father. This family expands our knowledge about the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic mutation in the NRG1 gene with intrafamilial variability and the likely reduced penetrance for the phenotypic expression.


Employing both computational and manual content analysis, the study examined how then-President Donald J. Trump weaponized his rhetoric before the Capitol storm on January 6, 2020. The authors analyzed 19 speeches (N = 19), resulting in 801 paragraphs (N = 801), of Trump from November 7, 2020, to January 6, 2021, collected from the White House and his campaign platforms. Within 19 speeches, the most frequently used words centered around achievements of Trump's administration and alleged election fraud. Eight hundred-one paragraphs further identified Trump's rhetoric style, using the frameworks of weaponized communication and bonding-bridging rhetoric. Over half of the 801 paragraphs contained weaponized communication cues, while 296 paragraphs used bonding tactics. There were indeed differences in the rhetoric employed between the White House speeches and the campaign ones.


Pistacia vera fruit, one of the leading products of today's sweet and snack sector, which has been seen in the history of the kingdom, are able to support daily nutritional needs and treatment of many diseases due to the phenolic and flavonoid content in the literature. Especially the studies on colon cancer and breast cancer are remarkable potential antitumoral activity of pistachio examined. The aim of this study is to examine in more detail the P. vera plant, in which we have previously tested the methanol-hexane extracts of the seed and the test and obtained positive results. As well as observing the cytotoxic activities of the plant extracts and active ingredients obtained from different parts on the lung cancer cells. After counting A549 and HUVEC cell lines which replicated in the medium, were added on 96 well plate. Then, different part of plants extract and 2 major active ingredients also added. Then MTT dye was applied and measured spectrophotometrically. P. vera extracts and active ingredients which studied cytotoxic activity research were found to be effective in all cell lines in general. Particularly P. vera 's remaining after the fruit parts, methanol extract which obtained from waste containing leaf and stem parts and PVK-1 active agent showed selective activity on normal cells and cancer cells, therefore we consider that it has a high therapeutic index. We believe that this plant should be imparted to sciences and health sector with further studies.


Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a synucleinopathy, which presents dysautonomia, as its common non-motor symptom. Some research suggests the existing interplay between the autonomic nervous system dysfunction and glucose metabolism dysregulation in PD. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic disorders with particular emphasis on glucose metabolism in patients with PD and atypical parkinsonism (AP). Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was performed by analyzing 461 clinical data of consecutive patients diagnosed with PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) hospitalized from 2019 to 2021 in the authors' institution. The study group included 350 patients (303 PD, 14 MSA, 33 PSP), aged 65.8 ± 9.7 years (42% were female). Laboratory results (fasting glycemia, lipid parameters, TSH, homocysteine and vitamin D3 levels) were collected. The patient's clinical condition was assessed in III part of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS p. III), Hoehn–Yahr scale, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Impaired fasting glycemia (IGF) was more prevalent in PD than in the PSP (43.43% vs 18.18%; p = 0.043). Similarly, PD presented a higher level of fasting glycemia (102.4 ± 16.7 mg/dl vs 92.2 ± 16.1mg/dl; p = 0.042). According to lipid parameters, patients with PD showed lower LDL cholesterol (92.3 ± 44.3mg/dl vs 119 ± 61.0mg/dl; p = 0.016) and lower BMI compared to patients with PSP (26.1 ± 4.0kg/m 2 vs 29.3 ± 4.4 kg/m 2 ; p = 0.024), but there were no statistically significant differences in triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol levels. Males with PD presented greater frequency of IFG (35.05% vs 50.6%; p = 0.042), higher fasting glycemia (99.1 ± 14.3mg/dl vs 103.7 ± 14.7mg/dl; p = 0.006), lower total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and BMI compared to women with PD. Conclusion: Our investigation supports an association between synucleinopathies and glucose metabolism dysregulation.


Significance Cancer chemotherapy often causes side effects that require modulations in dosing, which then reduce anticancer efficacy. Here, we show that targeted inhibition of gut bacterial enzymes alleviates key stages of gut epithelial damage caused by the cancer drug irinotecan, blunts stark gut microbial compositional shifts caused by irinotecan, and enhances irinotecan's antitumor effectiveness by reducing its gastrointestinal toxicity. Irinotecan treats a range of solid tumors, but its effectiveness is severely limited by gastrointestinal (GI) tract toxicity caused by gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes. Targeted bacterial GUS inhibitors have been shown to partially alleviate irinotecan-induced GI tract damage and resultant diarrhea in mice. Here, we unravel the mechanistic basis for GI protection by gut microbial GUS inhibitors using in vivo models. We use in vitro, in fimo, and in vivo models to determine whether GUS inhibition alters the anticancer efficacy of irinotecan. We demonstrate that a single dose of irinotecan increases GI bacterial GUS activity in 1 d and reduces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in 5 d, both blocked by a single dose of a GUS inhibitor. In a tumor xenograft model, GUS inhibition prevents intestinal toxicity and maintains the antitumor efficacy of irinotecan. Remarkably, GUS inhibitor also effectively blocks the striking irinotecan-induced bloom of Enterobacteriaceae in immune-deficient mice. In a genetically engineered mouse model of cancer, GUS inhibition alleviates gut damage, improves survival, and does not alter gut microbial composition; however, by allowing dose intensification, it dramatically improves irinotecan's effectiveness, reducing tumors to a fraction of that achieved by irinotecan alone, while simultaneously promoting epithelial regeneration. These results indicate that targeted gut microbial enzyme inhibitors can improve cancer chemotherapeutic outcomes by protecting the gut epithelium from microbial dysbiosis and proliferative crypt damage.


Adenoid cystic carcinoma (C.A.K.) is a malignant tumor most commonly developing in the main or accessory salivary glands. The most frequent sites of C.A.K are located in the salivary glands of the oral cavity, in particular in the hard palate and with less frequency in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx. The laryngeal localization of C.A.K is extremely rare. The cervical scanner is the imaging of choice for the early diagnosis of CAK of the larynx. Diagnosis is made by pathology examination of the biopsy specimen supplemented by immunohistochemistry. We report the case of a 26-years-old patient, who presented for 18 months, progressive dysphagia to solids, and then laryngeal dyspnea requiring emergency tracheotomy. Surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy was used for treatment.


Surgical treatment is a common clinical intervention for trauma, but postoperative pain and poor nursing lead to slow wound recovery and wound infection. Therefore, it is extremely important to select effective nursing intervention methods to improve the quality of wound treatment. This study explored the application value of the wound care model of medical integration and multidisciplinary-assisted surgery in improving the quality of wound treatment. The results show that medical-nursing integration in multidisciplinary-assisted surgical wound nursing mode can improve the quality of wound treatment and pain level in patients, which is beneficial to improving team cohesion of medical staff and satisfaction evaluation of patients.


Background: The yeast Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal but also the most isolated pathogenic yeast in canine otitis externa. Essential oils (EOs) exhibit antimicrobial activity and thus could be an alternative for treatment of otitis. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro efficacy of EOs against M. pachydermatis isolates from canine ears. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two EOs were tested for their in vitro activity against 15 M. pachydermatis isolates by agar disc diffusion. In addition, diluted EOs were tested and volatile antifungal activity was analysed by vapour assay. Results: Most EOs showed in vitro efficacy against M. pachydermatis. A different susceptibility pattern of tested isolates was found. Overall, the most potential EO was lemon grass. Also, cinnamon leaf, clove, manuka, Indian melissa, oregano, palmarosa, and winter savory oil exhibited a strong antifungal activity. Volatile activity was proven by the inhibiting effect in vapour assay. Conclusion: EOs show in vitro activity against M. pachydermatis. This study gives scientific background for the use of EOs in veterinary medicine. Diverse susceptibility patterns of different M. pachydermatis strains emphasise the helpfulness of an aromatogram as one lead for the best choice of an EO for therapy.


OBJECTIVES
Risk for suicide among female service members/veterans (SM/Vs) is increasing, suggesting a need for additional studies of risk factors in this population. This study examined relationship satisfaction as a correlate of suicidal ideation (SI) after accounting for established risk factors for SI.

METHOD
Partnered female SM/Vs (N = 818) completed a demographic inventory and measures of SI, relationship satisfaction, sexual function, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression.

RESULTS
After accounting for covariates, lower relationship satisfaction, higher depression and PTSD severity, and minority race were associated with the presence of SI. PTSD and depression severity did not moderate this association, suggesting that regardless of mental health symptoms, relationship satisfaction is associated with increased SI risk.

CONCLUSIONS
Screening for relationship satisfaction may identify SI risk in partnered female SM/Vs. Future studies should explore relationship satisfaction as a risk factor for suicidal attempts as not all SM/Vs who experience SI will attempt suicide.


The purpose of this study was to assess the oxygen tension in untreated human periodontal pockets and test the hypothesis that the subgingival environmental is anaerobic in nature. Twenty-six patients with advanced chronic inflammatory periodontal disease participated. A total of 111 untreated pockets, 5 to 10 mm in depth, were selected for the pO2 measurements. Pocket depths, Plaque-Index and Gingival-Index were recorded. The pO2 at the base of the 111 pockets ranged from 5 to 27 mm Hg, with an average of 13.3 mm Hg (1.8% O2). Mean pocket depth was 6.9 mm. Moderately deep pockets (5-6 mm) had a mean pO2 of 15.0 mm Hg, whereas deep pockets (7-10 mm) showed a significantly lower pO2 of 11.6 mm Hg. No correlation was found between the pO2 and the Plaque-Index. Higher Gingival-Index scores tended to be associated with higher pO2 values. The pO2 in untreated periodontal pockets was low. However, it does not represent a completely anaerobic environment. Deep pockets contained less oxygen than moderately deep sites.


Entrepreneurship is seen as a panacea to some of the societal challenges faced by economies nowadays.  It is regarded as a source of employment, innovation, competitiveness, and wealth. Research emphasizes the intentionality of entrepreneurial behaviors as these behaviors are voluntary. The intention to be entrepreneur has been studied extensively. However, few studies considered studying hospitality and tourism students, particularly in Malaysia, knowing that tourism sector is an important contributor to the GDP of the country. Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to examine the effects of the attitudinal determinant on entrepreneurial intention. The sample utilized for the study comprised 206 students from one public university in Malaysia. Regression analysis indicated that self-efficacy is the strongest predictor of entrepreneurial intention followed by attitudes towards entrepreneurship and subjective norms. The model explained over 60% of variance in entrepreneurial intention.


Abstract This faunistic list of ground spider fauna from Turkey includes published records and original data. Eleven species are new to Turkish araneofauna. With this study, a total of 107 species belonging to 26 genera of Gnaphosidae have been recorded from Turkey until the present time. For each species zoogeographical distribution is given. A zoogeographical classification is constructed according to the current distribution of species. The largest groups are those of the widely distributed Palearctic and Europian-Asian.


As a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid, dehydroevodiamine (DHED) derived from Evodia rutaecarpa has recently gained attention because it improves memory failure in Alzheimer's mice. However, its solid forms, which have not yet been elucidated, could be a vital factor affecting its bioactivity and dosage form design. In this study, five DHED-related crystals, including DHED, its hydrochloride anhydrate (DHED·HCl), methanol solvate (DHED·HCl·CH3OH), dihydrate (DHED·HCl·2H2O) and trihydrate (DHED·HCl·3H2O), were obtained via re-crystallization. The five crystals fell into four distinct structural types based on the analysis of their similarities, and DHED·HCl·CH3OH and DHED·HCl·2H2O were proven to be isostructural. The water or solvent molecules incorporated into the crystal lattices via hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions were the main causes of formation of the distinct solid DHED hydrochloride forms. After dehydration at a high temperature, DHED·HCl·3H2O was transformed into an amorphous form (DHED·HCl-AM). Stability tests showed that the two isostructural crystals exhibited the same solid forms under all investigated conditions, and the humidity-induced phase transformation of DHED·HCl was closely tied to the moisture content. Solubility experiments showed that DHED achieved the highest solubility of approximately 3.6 μg ml−1, because of the loose molecular arrangements in DHED with the smallest packing coefficient and lack of π–π interactions. Additionally, transformations among evodiamine (EVO), DHED, DHED·HCl·2H2O and rutaecarpine (RUT) were also revealed: EVO was transformed into DHED·HCl·2H2O in hydrochloric acid-acidified acetone, and all of the solid forms of DHED hydrochloride were converted to RUT at 523 K. The transformations provided a novel and reliable approach to prepare these compounds.


By calculating the surface tensions of the components, composites with innovative thermodynamically induced self-assembled electrically conductive networks were designed, prepared and investigated. Carbon black (CB) was added into a ternary blend system comprised of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), ethylene–acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and polypropylene (PP). Scanning electron microscopy images show that the PMMA/EAA/PP ternary blend forms a tri-continuous phase structure like a sandwich, in which PMMA and PP form a co-continuous phase while EAA spreads at the interface of the PMMA and PP phases as a sheath. The micrographs and resistivity–temperature characteristic curve results indicate that CB fillers are selectively located at the interface of the PMMA and PP phases, namely the EAA phase. The percolation threshold of PMMA/EAA-CB/PP composites is 0.2 vol%, which is only one-fifth of that of PP/CB composites. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


A high-order direct numerical simulation of flow transition over a flat-plate at a free stream Mach number 0.5 is carried out. Formation and development of three-dimensional vortical structures, typically shown as A-vortices, hairpin vortices and ring-like vortices, are observed. Numerical results show that there is a strong downdraft motion of fluid excited by every ring-like vortex in the late-stage of the transition process. At two sides of the vortical structure centerline, the downdraft motions induced by the ring-like vortex and the rotating legs superimpose. This is responsible for the appearance of a high-speed streak associated with the positive spike observed in a previous investigation and the appearance of a high-shear layer in the near wall region.