In value creating contexts, customers often have to be clear about the roles they are required to perform (Kleinaltenkamp et al., 2012; Bitner et al., 1997), and may be required to develop their knowledge and skills in order to participate (Hibbert et al., 2012). This typically necessitates the ability to use and integrate resources in exchange encounters containing social and economic actors (Kleinaltenkamp et al., 2012; Hibbert et al., 2012; Arnould et al., 2006; Sheth and Uslay, 2007) to co-create value for each other (Vargo and Lusch, 2008; Payne et al., 2008). This research adds to the burgeoning literature on customer resource integration that calls for more insights into the roles of customers in creating their own value (Hibbert et al., 2012; Kleinaltenkamp et al., 2012; Arnould et al., 2006). This can help firms to develop an appreciation of the customer value process and design co-creation activities that can support their customers' capability to create value (Vargo, 2007; Vargo and Lusch, 2004; 2008; Sheth and Uslay, 2007; Prahalad and Ramaswamy, 2004; Payne et al., 2008; Frow et al., 2010).

The research has indicated that customers learning styles in do-it-yourself activities reflected learning styles represented in experiential learning theory (ELT) (Kolb, 1984). ELT stipulates that individuals learn by experiencing, reflecting, thinking, and acting. Knowledge is seen as a transformation of experience along two continua: (1) how individuals best grasp experiences (i.e., concrete experience versus abstract conceptualisation), and (2) how individuals best transform experiences (i.e., reflective observation versus active experimentation). The study identified five distinct learning styles adopted by DIY members, which differ along these two continua and are reflective or active-orientated. Adhering to existing typologies, these were labelled as Diverging, Assimilating, Converging, Accommodating, and Balancing styles and helped shape customers' learning self-management and self-regulation processes and use of learning resources.


The problem of control systems design for nonlinear plants still has no exhaustive solution. This problem is commonly solved on the basis of transformation of the nonlinear plant equations to some simple. Such approach simplifies the solution of the control system design problem and makes the solution analytical. For design of the optimal control systems for the nonlinear plants, their equations are expedient to transform to Jordan controlled form (JCF). The analytical design method of the optimal control systems for nonlinear plants with using the JCF of their equations is proposed in this paper. This problem has a solution if all plant state variables are measured. The JCF exists, if the nonlinear plant is completely controllable. The proposed method includes two steps. At the first step, a linearization control is designed by a nonlinear reversible transformation of the plant state variables. Under the linearization control, the system equations are linear and stationary in the new variables. Theorem about existence of a linearization control is proved. At the second step, the optimal control is designed as optimal in the sense of a minimum of nonlinear quadratic criteria. This control is designed using solution of the Riccati equation. Optimality of the obtained nonlinear control is proved also. Design of the optimal control systems for nonlinear plants using JCF is expedient, because the equations of many real plants have JCF or can be easily transformed to this form. Frequently, the plant equations convert into this form if the state variables are designated in appropriate way. The example of the optimal control system design for nonlinear plant is given. Key-Words: Nonlinear plant, reversible transformation, Jordan controlled form, linearization control, optimal control, nonlinear quadratic criteria.


A selective medium (BATS), which contains arginine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source and which also contains streptomycin, allowed growth of 18 mosquito-pathogenic strains of Bacillus sphaericus. It inhibited the growth of 68% of the nonpathogenic B. sphaericus strains tested as well as other Bacillus spp. and aquatic bacteria.


Firms registered outside the United States and listed on a primary U.S. exchange may provide their U.S. shareholders with financial statements prepared under their domestic (non-U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Securities and Exchange Commission requires such firms to reconcile their reported earnings and shareholders' equity to U.S. GAAP as part of a Form 20-F filing. These reconciliations provide a set of precise measures of the differences created by alternative accounting practices. We use the reconciliations to address two questions. First, are the differences in U.S. and non-U.S. GAAPas summarized in the aggregate reconciliations of earnings and shareholders' equity value-relevant? That is, do the reconciliations of accounting data to U.S. GAAP increase the associations between accounting measures and price (or return)?


: The EC Directive on financial instruments markets 2004 (MiFID) has introduced a number of order and trade publication obligations imposed on organised exchanges, alternative trading systems (ATS), and the class of broker dealers that execute transactions in shares internally. This article investigates the impact of MiFID's trade transparency rules on the trading volume of EU equity markets in a forward-looking mode. We use data extracted from the closest possible precedent and examine trading volume levels before and after trading in FTSE100 stocks on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) shifted from the quote-driven Stock Exchange Automatic Quotation System (SEAQ) to the order-driven securities electronic trading service (SETS). This change resulted in significantly increased transparency standards. Trading volume is measured on the basis of three criteria: volume-based turnover, value-based turnover and turnover ratio. No evidence is found indicating that higher transparency standards lead per se to higher levels of trading volume. Therefore, the impact of MiFID's transparency rules on trading volume in EU equity markets should become a matter of further study following their implementation. global financial markets. He is the of the International Financial Services Regulation LLM at the University of Manchester and a Senior Research Fellow of InLEGGO. Stavros Degiannakis is an Adjunct Lecturer in Athens University of Economics and Business and Adjunct Assistant Professor in University of Central Greece. He has an extensive number of publications in international journals in the areas of applied economics, econometrics and statistics. He also serves as member of the editorial board and referee in international journals.


The case records of nine dogs and six cats with post-incisional hernia were managed by surgical correction at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, between January 1980 and June, 1998. Dogs and cats presented focal peritonitis that were treated by fluid replacement, antibiotic therapy, copious abdominal lavage, surgical debridement and reparation. This terapeutic protocol was efficient and all animals survived.


The development of highly scalable single cell transcriptome technology has resulted in the creation of thousands of datasets, over 30 in the retina alone. Analyzing the transcriptomes between different projects is highly desirable as this would allow for better assessment of which biological effects are consistent across independent studies. However it is difficult to compare and contrast data across different projects as there are substantial batch effects from computational processing, single cell technology utilized, and the natural biological variation. While many single cell transcriptome specific batch correction methods purport to remove the technical noise it is difficult to ascertain which method functions works best. We developed a lightweight R package (scPOP) that brings in batch integration methods and uses a simple heuristic to balance batch merging and celltype/cluster purity. We use this package along with a Snakefile based workflow system to demonstrate how to optimally merge 766,615 cells from 34 retina datsets and three species to create a massive ocular single cell transcriptome meta-atlas. This provides a model how to efficiently create meta-atlases for tissues and cells of interest.


Stretchable fabrics have gained much interest in the last few years because their higher comforts and aesthetic properties. The main parameters which control the stretchable fabric properties were found to be spandex linear density and draft ratio. In this research paper, the influences of these variables on color properties of stretchable fabrics were investigated. Color properties of the stretchable fabrics were characterized by whiteness index, K/S values, and colorfastness to washing, rubbing and perspiration. The results of this work showed that color properties of the stretchable woven fabrics were affected by independent variables. Generally, impact of spandex draft ratio on color properties was more pronounced than the effects of spandex linear density.


The aim of this study was to analyze the psychosocial effects of severe caries in 4-year-old children in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The clinical examination was conducted by a single examiner in order to select children with severe caries and caries-free (kappa = 1). Of the 861 children examined, 77 (8.1%) had severe caries and 225 (23.6%) were caries-free. Data were collected by applying validated questionnaires answered by the parents or guardians. Most of the parents or guardians of children with severe caries reported that their children complained of toothache (72.7%), and a significant portion stated that their children had problems eating certain kinds of food (49.4%) and missed school (26.0%) because of their teeth. Most of the parents or guardians of children with severe caries (68.8%) stated that oral health affects their children's life, while the same was stated by 9.8% of the parents or guardians of the caries-free children. Severe caries was found to have a negative impact on children's oral health-related quality of life.


Oligochaetes living in the Mijares River close to the Sitjar reservoir, and polychaetes from the brackish and marine waters of a channel flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, both in the province of Castellón (Spain), were examined for the presence of actinosporea. An aurantiactinomyxon was isolated from 60 specimens of the oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi collected from the river, but no actinospores were isolated from 160 polychaetes collected from the sea channel. The aurantiactinospores were detected by the cell-well plate method. The detected species are not identical with any of the aurantiactinomyxon forms hitherto described in the literature. This is the first report on the occurrence of an actinosporea in Spanish waters.


A patient with large conjunctival melanoma in the superior fornix is described. The disease was treated by excision of the mass combined with cryotherapy delivered to the surrounding flat intraepithelial areas of involvement. The patient was free from local recurrence and metastatic spread for 37 months after surgery


A CMOS controllable constant-power source for variable resistive loads is presented. Its operation is based on the resistive mirror which keeps the equality of the resistive original resistance and the resistive image resistance. Stability requirements are in accordance with the requirements of the basic approach itself enabling large load resistance dynamic range. Two designs are considered. Prototypes based on discrete components have been experimentally verified. Relative errors of the generated power with the discrete values in the range from 0.48 to 10.8 mW, for the load resistance range from 0.5 to 1.5 kQ, are smaller than 2.2%. Also, for the generated power of 6 mW, the load resistance range from 0.2 to 5.6 kQ with the relative error smaller than 0.7% has been achieved.


The therapy of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases has changed many times in recent years. Treatment strategy of Hodgkin's disease is now based on risk adaptation, including not only the results of pretreatment diagnostic and prognostic factors but also the repeated PET/CT (restaging) made in the early treatment period. Possible reduction of irradiation therapy may contribute to lower the risk of secondary tumors, which are common late complications of radiochemotherapy. Autologous stem cell transplantation is the therapy of choice in chemosensitive relapsing patients. The complete remission rate today in Hodgkin's disease is around 85%. In the heterogenic group of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, progression of indolent lymphomas (CLL, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, cutaneous lymphomas, etc.) is slow in case of natural course. Their therapy is mostly palliative and complete remission with the latest treatment modalities is not possible. Aggressive lymphomas are characterized with rapid progression and early death without treatment.Most of them respond to chemotherapy and irradiation.With an adequate therapy, 60-70% of patients reach complete remission (CR) and 40-50% of them remain in remission. Using immune- and radioimmune therapy in indolent and aggressive NHL groups gives possibility to influence G0 tumor cells as well. Their use in combination with classic chemotherapy leads to more complete remissions and better therapy results. The introduction of routine PET/CT made the first and repeated staging of NHL more precise and contributed to more effective treatment. Using autologous stem cell transplantation in chemosensitive patients may improve outcome in selected patients.


Analysis on selection diversity performance of mobile receivers over frequency non-selective Rician fading channels in Middleton's Class A impulse noise is presented. By employing the characteristic function, the bit error rates of both binary DPSK and FSK are derived. The analysis is exact and shown accurate in the simulation.


The kinetic mechanism of NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 188.8.131.52) from the Archaeon Haloferax mediterranei was studied in 3 M KC1 and in glycerol. Haloferax mediterranei is a halophilic organism requiring 20-25% NaCl for optimal growth, so its enzymes are stabilised by high salt concentrations. We have replaced the salt by 20% (v/v) glycerol in order to analyse if the kinetic properties and kinetic mechanism of the enzyme change at lower salt concentrations in order to apply the enzyme in a bioreactor. The kinetic mechanism was studied by initial velocity measurements with, product and substrate analog inhibition. Product and substrates analog inhibition experiments indicate that (a), NADP+ is a competitive inhibitor versus NADPH indicating that NADP+ and NADPH both bind to free enzyme and (b), the binding order of substrates is NADPH, α-ketoglutarate and ammonium. The results suggest that the mechanism in the amination reaction, with and without salt, is the same: sequential ordered with A (NADPH) binding in steady state and B (a-ketoglutarate) in rapid equilibrium, with a dead-end (abortive) complex EC, and the last substrate bound is ammonium (C).


There is, without question, an interest within the military services to understand, account for, and adapt to the cognitive state of the individual warfighter. As the field of neuroscience has matured through investments from numerous government agencies, we are on the cusp of being able to move confidently from the lab into the field--and deepen our understanding of the cognitive issues embedded in the warfighting environment. However, as we edge closer to this integration--it is critical for researchers in this arena to understand the landscape they are entering-reflected not only in the challenges of each task or operational environment but also in the individual differences intrinsic to each warfighter. The research papers in this section cover this spectrum, including individual differences and their prediction of adaptability to high-stress environments, the influence of sleep-deprivation on neurophysiological measures of stimulus categorization, neurophysiological measures of stress in the training environment and, finally, real-time neural measures of task engagement, mental workload and vigilance. It is clear from this research, and other work detailed in this supplement, that the judicious use of neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and physiology in the applied environment is desirable for both researchers and operators. In fact, we suggest that these investigations merit a field designation unto their own: Operational Neuroscience. It is our hope that the discussion of this new field of study will galvanize others to increase the confidence and utility of this research through their own investigations.


The distribution of grain size in coastal sediments may provide information on the existence and environment of the sedimentation processes and their transport. Ten samples were tested for sieve analysis. the samples was sieved in sieves arranged from coarse to fine as follow (4, 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.355, 0.12, 0.075, 0.038 mm and pan). Samples were analyzed with AAS for Cd, Ni, Cu, Mn and Fewhile V and Aswere measured by using the ICP technique. The overall result was as shown: Al>Fe>Mn>V>Cu>As>Pb>Ni>Cd. The Arsenic concentration exceeded the detection limits, for most metals, the presence of heavy metals in multiple classes of particle sizes showed greater accumulations in fractions of fine-scale. That the level of metals increases as the size of the particle decreases excluding for Fe, Ni, and Pb The low E.F. in both bulk and fractionated samples. The high E.F. values in ST.5 for Pb in 0.15 mm and ST.8 for Ni in 0.355mm fractions exceeded 2.0. According to The results of I-geo, the sediments were contaminated with Al, As, Fe, and Pb, while they were uncontaminated with the elements Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and the degrees of contamination differed according to this criterion.


Several grabens superimposed on the previous contractional structures have been developed in the central sector of the Iberian Chain during the post-orogenic stage. Teruel and Calatayud grabens were formed in a first rifting phase (Miocene-Lower Pliocene). The second extensional phase is recorded by Late Pliocene-Quaternary grabens superimposed and/or inset with respect to the previous basins (Rio Grio, Munebrega, Daroca and Jiloca depressions). This article reviews the existing knowledge on the main Quaternary faults (distribution, seismogenic potential) in the study area and discusses its limitations: (1) Two new grabens (Rio Grio and Munebrega) have been recently documented on the basis of geomorphological mapping, suggesting that our knowledge on the distribution of Quaternary faults in the Iberian Chain is still limited. (2) Available data on cumulative displacement and long-term slip rate is scarce for a number of faults mainly due to the lack of correlatable markers on both sides of the faults and/or lack of numerical dates. (3) Our capability to estimate earthquake recurrence and elapsed time is largely limited due to the scarcity of paleoseismological data. Only the Munebrega W Fault and the Concud-Teruel Fault have been studied. The paleoearthquake record inferred for the former is probably under-represented and the latter fault has received different interpretations. The paper also includes the main results of a trenching investigation carried out in a graben generated by interstratal dissolution of evaporites, which allowed us to propose some criteria that may help to differentiate between tectonic (seismogenic) and gravitational (nonseismogenic) faults.


Background: Inpatient consultation to hematologist increased in incidence and the role of hematologist as consultant continues to expand. But the resons for, frequency, and the result of inpatient hematologic consultation are largely unstudied. The aim of this study was investigation for the profiles of inpatients and their hematologic problems evaluated and managed by the hematology consultation of tertiary hospital. Methods: In this report, we evaluatded 354 consecutive patients with abnormal hematologic manifestation consulted for hematology department from March 2003 to Februery 2005. We prospectively recorded the demographics of the patients for whom consultation was requested, the reason of consultation, provisional diagnosis of the referring service, the final diagnosis and outcome of the patients in each case. Results: The consulted patients were 354 among 55,704 inpatients (0.6%). Approximately half the patients were female (54%). The median age was 55 years (range: 16–85) and the most frequent age group was the 6 th decade. The median length of hospitalization was 26 days (range: 4–188) and the median interval from admission to initial consultation was 6 days (range: 1–76). In a third cases of consultations, the hematologic abnormalities were found newly after admission. The departments requesting consultation frequently were neurosurgery (24%), general surgery (11%), divisions of internal medicine (11%), orthopedic surgery (9%), and neurology (9%). The common causes of consultation were as follows: anemia (29%), thrombocytopenia (21%), pancytopenia/bicytopenia (16%), coagulation abnormality (15%) and thrombocytosis (7%). While anemia was the most common reason of consultations from medical services (internal medicine, neurology, psychology, rehabilitation medicine, etc), thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy were the frequent reasons of consultations from surgical services (general surgery, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, etc.). The best part of anemia were IDA (43%) and anemia of chronic disease (33%). Drugs made up 38% of the cause of thrombocytopenia and the suspected drugs were anticonvulsants and antibiotics. A half of pan/bicytopenia were caused by drug-related or vitB12/folate deficiency. 40% of coagulopathy resulted from nonspecific or undefined cause. Bone marrow examination was required in 30 cases (8%). Careful evaluation of patients with hematologic problem sometimes revealed occult bleeding, liver disease or hematologic disease such as myelodysplastic syndrome, immune thrombocytopenic purpura or chronic myeloproliperative disorder. Almost physicians avoided making presumptive diagnoses and requested consultation for abnormal laboratory findings, leaving it to the hematologist to determine the cause. Conclusion: Although It provides a small cross-sectional findings of the types of patients and problems seen by hematologist during inpatient consultation, these informations may be helpful to provide optimal inpatients care for hematologist and to improve the quality of the consultation process by the referring service.


In this paper, results of the simulated interaction of microwaves in the near-field region of a waveguide with a fractured Tibia are presented. The Tibia bone fracture is one of the most difficult fractures to treat because of the slow healing process which may take up to 5 months. The human body is modeled as a three layer medium: skin, fasciae with fat, muscle and bone. Each of these layers is characterized by its dielectric properties. These properties influence the incident, transmitted and reflected waves. In this paper, simulation results of Tibia bone healing monitoring using an X-band open ended rectangular waveguide operating in the near-field region at microwave frequencies are presented. An extensive optimization process was performed to arrive at optimal measurement parameters. Frequency of operation and the material that fills the waveguide were investigated to improve the sensitivity of detection and to monitor five different stages of the healing process. Both phase images and radiation patterns show that using rectangular waveguides has great potential in monitoring the healing process of the Tibia bone.


Clause G6 of the New Zealand Building Code, dealing with inter%tenancy noise, only provides an acceptable solution for a concrete floor with carpet and underlay and a bare soffit. However, designers and customers require a variety of floor coverings and ceilings to meet their needs and expectations. This paper sets out to address this shortfall in the code, by the provision of simple, cost effective alternatives which meet clause G6 performance requirements. The instigation of the work was essentially to investigate impact noise and various floor coverings, and the effectiveness of a proprietary concrete decking system 'Hibond', manufactured by Dimond Industries ltd. The prediction of impact isolation is a rather difficult issue, and therefore an empirical test program was chosen as a pragmatic option. Essentially, the project is in two parts; firstly, impact noise and secondly, airborne noise. The impact isolation items included several types and qualities of carpet and underlay, together with tiles, cork and timber surfaces. The airborne insulation items included various methods of supporting a plasterboard soffit and the effect of a cavity absorber. The outcome was a range of both commercial and residential solutions for a proprietary concrete floor system, which met the verification requirements of clause G6 in respect of both IIC and STC. Emphasis was given to the need to bridge the gap between the difficulty of prediction by acousticians and the pragmatic requirements of the end user. Ken McGunnigle B.Sc (Hons), M.Phil (Building Acoustics), ARICS (UK), ANZIQS, MNZIBS, BRANZ Accredited Adviser Problem solving – on site Acoustic development of building systems


We have developed intelligent agent software for onboard system autonomy. Our approach is to provide control agents that automate crew and vehicle systems, and operations assistants that aid humans in working with these autonomous systems. We use the 3 Tier control architecture to develop the control agent software that automates system reconfiguration and routine fault management. We use the Distributed Collaboration and Interaction (DCI) System to develop the operations assistants that provide human services, including situation summarization, event notification, activity management, and support for manual commanding of autonomous system. In this paper we describe how the operations assistants aid situation awareness of the autonomous control agents. We also describe our evaluation of the DCI System to support control engineers during a ground test at Johnson Space Center (JSC) of the Post Processing System (PPS) for regenerative water recovery.


In an effort to facilitate personalized medical approaches, the continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biochemical information using wearable technologies can enable a detailed understanding of an individual's physiology. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of oxygen-containing free radicals which function in a wide range of biological processes. In wound healing applications, the continuous monitoring of ROS through a wearable diagnostics platform is essential for the prevention of chronicity and pathogenic infection. Here, a versatile one-step procedure is utilized to fabricate optical core-shell microfibrous textiles incorporating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for the real-time optical monitoring of hydrogen peroxide concentrations in wounds. The environmentally sensitive and non-photobleachable fluorescence of SWCNTs enables continuous analyte monitoring without a decay in signal over time. The existence of multiple chiralities of SWCNTs emitting near-infrared fluorescence with narrow bandwidths allows a ratiometric signal readout invariant to the excitation source distance and exposure time. The individual fibers encapsulate the SWCNT nanosensors for at least 21 days without apparent loss in structural integrity. Moreover, the microfibrous textiles can be utilized to spatially resolve peroxide concentrations on a wound surface using a camera and can be integrated into commercial wound bandages without being altered or losing their optical properties.


Contact tracing with mobile applications is an attractive approach for many governments and industry initiatives to address the Covid-19 pandemic. However, many approaches today have severe privacy and security issues, and many of them also fail to offer a sustainable contact tracing infrastructure due to the demanding energy consumption. This work makes several contributions towards overcoming these limitations. First, we propose a privacy-preserving architecture for contact tracing that leverages a fixed infrastructure of BLE beacon transmitters. Second, we evaluate the feasibility of adopting batteryless or energy-harvesting BLE beacons to make this architecture more sustainable and green. Finally, we identify practical research challenges and opportunities for academia and industry to advance and realize the proposed privacy-preserving and sustainable contact tracing architecture.


Room-temperature ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO films are grown on Si (001) substrates by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the Zn1−xMnxO films have the single-phase wurtzite structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the existence of Mn2+ ions in Mn-doped ZnO films. Furthermore, the decreasing additional Raman peak with increasing Mn-doping is considered to relate to the substitution of Mn ions for the Zn ions in ZnO lattice. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements demonstrate that Mn-doped ZnO films have ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature.


This essay considers the tradition of criticism against Athenian democracy, in both ancient and modern times. Often this critical tradition has been seen to adduce greater interest than the very democratic experience from which it arose; in this it has been aided, in part, by the asserted absence of an ancient theory of democracy. Yet there are significant traces of a democratic theory in the ancient sources, which ought to serve both as a theoretical and ideological riposte to the critics. Some of the modern objections to classical Athenian democracy take up the argument of the ancient critics and display an anti-democratic orientation (German scholarship between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries). Others, however, are motivated by a certain sensibility, grown out of liberalism and the legal state, as well as the emancipation of women and the abolition of slavery. Nevertheless, these objections are sometimes lacking in historical perspective. If we reassess Athenian democracy, it may yet be seen to constitute a useful point of reference, at a time when the current model of democracy finds its legitimacy questioned.2


Zener tunneling in a binary array of coupled optical waveguides with transverse index gradient is shown to produce a sequence of regular or irregular beam splitting and beam recombination events superimposed to Bloch oscillations. These periodic or aperiodic Zener-Bloch oscillations provide a clear and visualizable signature in an optical system of coherent multiband dynamics encountered in solid-state or matter-wave systems.


Recognition of stop codons by class I release factors is a fundamental step in the termination phase of protein synthesis. Since premature termination is costly to the cell, release factors have to efficiently discriminate between stop and sense codons. To understand the mechanism of discrimination between stop and sense codons, we developed a new, pre-steady state kinetic assay to monitor the interaction of RF1 with the ribosome. Our results show that RF1 associates with similar association rate constants with ribosomes programmed with stop or sense codons. However, dissociation of RF1 from sense codons is as much as 3 orders of magnitude faster than from stop codons. Interestingly, the affinity of RF1 for ribosomes programmed with different sense codons does not correlate with the defects in peptide release. Thus, discrimination against sense codons is achieved with both an increase in the dissociation rates and a decrease in the rate of peptide release. These results suggest that sense codons inhibit conformational changes necessary for RF1 to stably bind to the ribosome and catalyze peptide release.


Helpful sources for literary criticism assignments for works written after 1865. Originally developed for Vicki Moulson's Summer 2011 ENG 232 course.


Over the past two decades, there has been an exponential increase in studies investigating posttraumatic growth (PTG) in samples exposed to various traumatic experiences. The prevalence of PTG following trauma has been variable, and mixed findings have emerged pertaining to factors associated with PTG. To date, however, there has been a notable paucity of research that has considered the PTG phenomenon in relation to lifespan developmental, cognitive, and humanistic theories. The objective of this review is to evaluate the prominent theory of PTG proposed by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996) in context of the theories of Erikson and Maslow, as well as Frankl's theory of meaning-making postadversity. Methodological issues are also considered to inform the advancement of future research in this field.


This research explores the learning process of entrepreneurs in relation to the parallel processes of personal and business development. Building on theories of individual learning and of the business life‐cycle, this paper discusses the impact of critical incidents from an individual perspective and, in particular, their role within entrepreneurial learning. A phenomenological case study approach was employed, with the sample consisting of six small business owners. The interviews concentrated on the developmental history of the business, focusing on critical incidents as they arose in the general conversation. The findings emphasise the complexity of the concept of "critical incident" and demonstrate that entrepreneurs often face prolonged and traumatic critical periodsor episodes, illustrating the emotionally‐laden nature of these events. Furthermore, the critical incidents described here resulted in fundamental, higher‐level learning, and highlight the need for mentoring support programmes designed to help entrepreneurs to interpret critical incidents as learning experiences, in order to increase the power of the learning outcomes. The authors conclude by stressing the need for further theory development that conceptualises the complex and dynamic interactivity between the individual and the business.


It is proved that the physics of the Luttinger model is insensitive to the variation of the potential range. New exact Luttinger Green functions are computed.


The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is one of the rapidly growing technology, because day by day people needs and expectations are extending beyond boundaries. This P2P technology is started from file sharing, video streaming and P2P computing. Basically in this P2P computing, those who are in on-line all will act likes as a server or client. If they are having data segments then it will act as server otherwise clients. Generally the data segments are preserving at the peers in different levels such as hard cache and soft cache. Based on the popularity the video contents can be downloaded. Normally the most popular data segments are placed on the cache which is downloaded either from video server of from neighboring peers. There are so many of cache replacement algorithms have been introduced to replace the old data segments with newly arrived data segments. While arriving new data segments the old data segments removed from the queue i.e. cache, so the availability of the data content is presented very low. To overcome this problem multilevel cache is protecting the old segments in order to increase the speed. Generally P2P system the request will go at the neighbouring peer that particular neighbouring peer having is less connectivity then the client can receive the data segments slowly. Therefore overcoming this category of connectivity problem, we recommended bandwidth based cluster. After client registration, the video server build cluster based on bandwidth size. Once the request from client / server received immediately the video server finds highest bandwidth and LFU peer in their cluster and then service is redirected. The NS2 simulator result shows that constant bit rate video deliver is acceptable End-to-End Transmission Delay, which is autonomous on the Constant bit rate and autonomous on the connection rate.


Neural network model is a model of brain's cognitive process. Neural network originated as a model of how the brain works and has its beginnings in psychology. Today, neural network models are used to solve numerous problems associated with forecasting, pattern recognition, classification, manufacturing, medical diagnostic, signal processing, system control, checking, and modelling among others. This paper reveals the processes involved in using a neural network model in forecasting future events by effectively and efficiently utilizing extracted rules from trained neural networks and domain knowledge of the applied area. The structural method of operations and rules of extraction of neural networks were also discussed.


ABSTRACT This article argues for an expansion of the idea of the first-in-family student to include the student whose spouse or partner has not been to university. Between 2015 and 2016, a qualitative longitudinal study, guided by Gadamer's hermeneutic philosophy, was undertaken. Twenty-nine undergraduate women nursing students who began university in a heterosexual intimate relationship participated. All 29 were interviewed in their fourth semester of their degree (or part-time equivalent), and 23 of these 29 completed a second interview in their last semester. Thematic analysis of the resultant 52 interviews revealed the participants who were the first person in their intimate relationship to go to university faced a series of difficulties associated with this relationship. The partners of these women were less willing to share in the university journey and offered little emotional support. Participants experienced personal growth and widened worldviews during their degree, and developed a more liberal stance on gender roles within the relationship. The women's changing perspectives and their partners' ongoing lack of emotional, and also practical support, tested the dynamics of the intimate relationship. The situations of tension and conflict that ensued challenged the women's progression and with this, the stability and functioning of the relationship itself. Higher education initiatives are proposed to support this vulnerable student group. This includes partner outreach activities, enhanced pastoral support systems, and a flexible and responsive approach from the university to women who experience relationship difficulties during their degree. Further research is required to build a body of evidence around the first-in-relationship student experience.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure.

DESIGN
Neurosurgical intensive care patients requiring intracranial pressure monitoring and mechanical ventilation were studied in a randomized, controlled study.

SETTING
Tertiary care, neurosurgical intensive care unit.

PATIENTS
Eighteen patients were enrolled in the study. Patients had posttraumatic head injuries (n = 9), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 7), obstructive hydrocephalus (n = 1), and intracerebral hemorrhage of unknown cause (n = 1).

INTERVENTIONS
Patients had PEEP levels of 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O applied to their lungs.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Changes in intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure were measured. The results were analyzed separately for patients with normal and increased intracranial pressure (> 15 mm Hg). PEEP at 5 cm H2O had no effect on intracranial pressure in the group with normal intracranial pressure. However, PEEP at 10 and 15 cm H2O produced a significant (p < .05) increase in intracranial pressure (1.9 and 1.5 mm Hg, respectively). In the group with increased intracranial pressure, no significant change in intracranial pressure occurred at any of the PEEP levels used. In both groups, cerebral perfusion pressure was unchanged throughout.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with normal intracranial pressure, PEEP at 5 cm H2O did not significantly alter intracranial pressure. The clinical relevance of the intracranial pressure increase at PEEP levels of 10 and 15 cm H2O is questionable because cerebral perfusion pressure did not change and remained > 60 mm Hg. In patients with increased intracranial pressure, higher levels of PEEP did not significantly change intracranial pressure or cerebral perfusion pressure.


Introduction: In Brazil, in a joint initiative of the Ministries of Health and of Education and Culture, the Program for the Promotion of Changes in Medical School Curricula (PROMED) was created, in order to give financial support to medical schools for the development and implementation of curricular changes to the medicine courses. Objective: To ascertain the influence of PROMED on the interaction between the Brazilian public healthcare system (SUS) and the universities. Method: Using the qualitative method by way of content analysis of the Bardin, interviews with 19 coordinators of the medicine courses which received financial support from PROMED were carried out and analyzed. Results: Subcategories which express the current relation between SUS and the universities were found: the need to train SUS professionals and the teaching staff involved, the lines of research directed toward SUS and partnership relations as part of the student learning process, the strengthening of SUS and the internal problems. Conclusions: Observing the needs of the relationship between SUS and the curricular changes it was noted that the public health services are of extreme importance as part of the training process of the medical student. Besides favoring practice, it establishes student activities within the health services, the evaluation of the policies, planning and management of the health services in activities of training and social communication in healthcare, linked to community organizations or diverse social entities. Thus, problems associated with the healthcare service can be identified, as well as the health conditions and life style of the population.


Introduction: This study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum (HEG) disease and subclinical inflammatory factors such as Hemoglobin to red cell distribution width ratio (HRR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocytes to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), eosinophil to lymphocyteratio (ELR), which are known to be closely associated with inflammation in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum.Material method: This retrospective case control study was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021. A total of 215 pregnant women, 121 with hyperemesis gravidarum and 94 healthy pregnant women, were included in the study. HEG patients were divided into three groups according to the modified PUQE classification as mild (n=38), moderate (n=41), and severe (n=42).Results: HRR, PLR, NLR, and MLR values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the HEG group compared to the control group, and ELR values were lower (p<0.05). MON, NEU, PCT, PLR, NLR, MLR values increase from mild to severe in HEG patients. EO, LYM, and ELR values decreased (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between HEG and PCT (rho=0.45, p< 0.001), PLR (rho=0.76, p< 0.001), NLR (rho=0.79, p< 0.001), MLR (rho=0.81, p< 0.001) values. There was a significant negative correlation between ELR (rho= 0.72, p< 0.001) and HEG.Conclusion: NLR, PLR, and PCT are inflammatory markers that increase in patients with HEG and have predictive value for HEG development. In our study, we suggested the use of two new prognostic markers for patients with HEG. We think that our study will be a source for further studies on the subject.


Psychiatric symptoms are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and some patients have poor drug therapeutic efficacy. We report a successfully treated case of psychiatric symptoms after TBI using deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC)-nucleus accumbens (NAc) in a 76-year-old woman. The patient suffered from auditory hallucination, mood changes, and insomnia caused by TBI. Psychological test assessment showed the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were 30, 35, and 96 respectively. Head magnetic resonance imaging scan showed right temporal lobe encephalomalacia. Head magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed bilateral basal ganglia choline increased relatively. After DBS to the ALIC-NAc, the target parameters were adjusted. The psychiatric symptoms were completely improved and the result of head MRS was normal in the end. The current report declares that DBS is reversible, adjustable and safe in the treatment of psychiatric symptoms caused by TBI. DBS to the ALIC-NAc should be considered as a possible treatment choice once a patient showed psychiatric symptoms after TBI.


The epithelium represents the first and most extensive line of defence against pathogens, toxins and pollutant agents in humans. In general, pathogens have developed strategies to overcome this barrier and use it as an entrance to the organism. Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp. are amoebae mainly responsible for intestinal dysentery, meningoencephalitis and keratitis, respectively. These amoebae cause significant morbidity and mortality rates. Thus, the identification, characterization and validation of molecules participating in host-parasite interactions can provide attractive targets to timely intervene disease progress. In this work, we present a compendium of the parasite adhesins, lectins, proteases, hydrolases, kinases, and others, that participate in key pathogenic events. Special focus is made for the analysis of assorted molecules and mechanisms involved in the interaction of the parasites with epithelial surface receptors, changes in epithelial junctional markers, implications on the barrier function, among others. This review allows the assessment of initial host-pathogen interaction, to correlate it to the potential of parasite invasion.


Orthographic and morphological heterogeneity of historical texts in premodern Slavic causes many difficulties in pos- and morphological tagging. Existing approaches to these tasks show state-of-the-art results without normalization, but they are still very sensitive to the properties of training data such as genre and origin. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the heterogeneity and size of the training corpus influence the quality of pos tagging and morphological analysis. We observe that UDpipe trained on different parts of the Middle Russian corpus demonstrates a boost in accuracy when using less training data. We resolve this paradox by analyzing the distribution of pos-tags and short words across subcorpora.


Physical and magnetic properties of soft magnetic CoNiFe films electrodeposited under centrifugal forces were investigated. It was demonstrated that employing an external centrifugal force during the deposition process provides stronger magnetic properties of the soft magnet electrodeposited. Based on the approach proposed, preparation of soft magnetic CoNiFe film with Bs higher than 2.1 T and Hc lower than 1.1 Ωe is possible. For a conventional CoNiFe film with Bs of 1.96 T (electrodeposited under Earth's gravity), the saturation induction can be increased to 2.14 T by applying a 290g centrifugal force during the electrodeposition process, while the Hc approximately remained the same. It is thought that this enhancement provided by an applied centrifugal force is due to the increase of bcc/fcc ratio, where this increase is not associated with a significant crystallite growth in this case.


Nowadays the educational methodologies are being reconsidered to allow the successful achievement of the skills of the future computer engineer. The issue is based on adapting these methodologies from the point of view of the competences provided by the subjects. This work in progress focuses on identifying typologies subjects through data mining techniques. This categorization allows experts to study the best way of adapting the educational models in order to guarantee the acquisition of the expected competences.


This article provides a retrospective and understanding of the development of automatic learning methods. The beginnings are visualized as a discipline within Computer Sciences in the subcategory of Artificial Intelligence, its development and the current transfer of knowledge to other areas of Engineering and its industrial applications. Based on the publications about machine learning and its application contained in the Web of Science database, records from 1986 to 2017 are downloaded. After a description of the technological profile, a new approach is introduced to the classification of a discipline based on the year of appearance of those terms that define it. Mining of technological texts and network theory has been applied to extract the terms and interpret their evolution. They are the those that define the stages of emergence, development and maturation of the discipline Machine learning. The novelty of this approach lies in the technical nature of applied research in Machine Learning, which aims to be a guide for the development of future engineering applications and to make technology transfer toindustry visible.


This
paper assesses firstly the impact of the level and the composition of public expenditures on growth and secondly the link
between public investment and private investment in Togo. For this purpose, a
neoclassical growth model and a private investment model were estimated using
Two-Stage Least Squares. The findings highlight that during the period
1980-2013, the composition of public expenditures, contrarily to the level, had
significant effect on economic growth. In
fact, the public consumption had a negative impact whereas public
investment had a positive impact on growth. Moreover, the study finds out that
increasing public expenditures involves crowding-out effect on private investment. In the light of the results, the paper
invites the Togolese government to
change the composition of public expenditures by giving priority to the investment with careful arbitrage between private
and public expenditures.


Domain adaptation refers to the problem of leveraging labeled data in a source domain to learn an accurate model in a target domain where labels are scarce or unavailable. A recent approach for finding a common representation of the two domains is via domain adversarial training (Ganin & Lempitsky, 2015), which attempts to induce a feature extractor that matches the source and target feature distributions in some feature space. However, domain adversarial training faces two critical limitations: 1) if the feature extraction function has high-capacity, then feature distribution matching is a weak constraint, 2) in non-conservative domain adaptation (where no single classifier can perform well in both the source and target domains), training the model to do well on the source domain hurts performance on the target domain. In this paper, we address these issues through the lens of the cluster assumption, i.e., decision boundaries should not cross high-density data regions. We propose two novel and related models: 1) the Virtual Adversarial Domain Adaptation (VADA) model, which combines domain adversarial training with a penalty term that punishes the violation the cluster assumption; 2) the Decision-boundary Iterative Refinement Training with a Teacher (DIRT-T) model, which takes the VADA model as initialization and employs natural gradient steps to further minimize the cluster assumption violation. Extensive empirical results demonstrate that the combination of these two models significantly improve the state-of-the-art performance on the digit, traffic sign, and Wi-Fi recognition domain adaptation benchmarks.


Tunnel ionization of semiconductor deep impurity centres has been investigated in a field of far-infrared radiation where photon energies are several factors of ten smaller than the binding energy of the impurities. Depending on the radiation electric field strength, ionization is caused by phonon-assisted tunnel ionization or direct electron tunnelling. Applying high-power pulsed lasers, two types of impurities have been studied: substitutional on-site acceptors in Ge and autolocalized centres in . The experimental results are analysed in terms of the theory of multiphonon and cold carrier emission of deep impurities in the adiabatic approximation. Tunnelling times have been measured for both types of impurities. Due to different tunnelling trajectories of on-site and autolocalized centres, the tunnelling time is in the first case larger and in the other case smaller than the reciprocal temperature multiplied by universal constants. This allows us to distinguish in a direct way between the two types of configuration potentials of impurities. The results demonstrate that high-frequency far-infrared laser pulses may be used to study the elementary process of tunnelling in extremely large electric field strengths, avoiding contact phenomena and avalanche breakdown.


Most visual analytics platforms are memory-based and are therefore limited in the volume of data handled. Moreover, the integration of each new algorithm (e.g. for clustering) requires integrating it by hand into the platform. Finally, they lack the capability to define and deploy well-structured processes where users with different roles interact in a coordinated way sharing the same data and possibly the same visualizations. We have designed and implemented EdiFlow, a workflow platform for visual analytics applications. EdiFlow uses a simple structured process model and is backed by a persistent database, storing both process information and process instance data. We are now adding Provenance Management in EdiFlow since the workflow manager already maintains a rough provenance information from the structure of the modules. We are considering improving this information and would like to get feedback from the community.


Background : Excessive fat tissue deposition anterolaterally to the upper airway has been identified as a contributing factor to the development of OSA. 1 Objective : To explore the relationship of soft tissue thickness of the anterior neck, measured by ultrasonound, with the presence and severity of OSA. Study and Methods : Cross-Sectional Study. Ultrasound measurements of anterior neck thickness at the vocal cords(VC), thyroid isthmus(TI) and suprasternal notch(SN) were assessed in 106 patients in both supine and sitting positions. BMI, Neck circumference (NC) and Modified Mallampati score (MM) were obtained. All patients underwent a one-night polysomnogram where presence and severity of OSA were determined. Results : Ultrasound measurements of the anterior neck thickness at all levels were found to be positively correlated with AHI both in supine and sitting positions(table 1). In a multivariate linear regression analysis, anterior neck thickness at the level of the TI measured during supine(22.85 +/-9.41, 95% CI 4.18-41.51; p=0.017) and sitting (18.81 +/-8.29, 95% CI 2.36-35.26; p=0.025) positions remained positively and significantly correlated with AHI after correcting for age, BMI, NC, MM and gender. Conclusions : In our study group, ultrasound measurement of anterior soft tissue thickness at the level of the thyroid isthmus appears to be positively correlated with AHI. References : 1. Mortimore I.L. et al.AJRCCM 1998;157:280–3.


Predation and cannibalism among ciliate pr edation and cannibalism among ciliate pr edation and cannibalism among ciliate pr edation and cannibalism among ciliate pr edation and cannibalism among ciliate protozoans (Ciliophor oans (Ciliophor oans (Ciliophor oans (Ciliophor oans (Ciliophora: Entodiniomor Entodiniomor Entodiniomor Entodiniomorphida: phida: phida: phida: phida: Ophryoscolecidae) in the r oscolecidae) in the r oscolecidae) in the r oscolecidae) in the r oscolecidae) in the rumen of sheep ( umen of sheep ( umen of sheep ( umen of sheep ( umen of sheep (Ovis aries aries aries aries). ). ). ). ). The objective of the present study was to record the occurrence of predation and cannibalism among ciliate protozoans in the rumen of sheep. The analyzed samples consisted of ruminal contents of five fistulated Santa Inez crossbred sheep, maintained in a natural caatinga (scrubland) pasture in the municipality of Sertânia, Pernambuco. Six samples of ruminal content were obtained from each sheep (total of 30 samples) and fixed in formalin at 18.5% (v/v). One 1 ml aliquot was obtained from each sample of ruminal content and received tree drops of a lugol solution for staining and identification of protozoa ciliates. These aliquots were analyzed in slides and coverslips, at randomly determined fields. An instance of predator-prey interaction was observed among ciliates of Ophryoscolecidae Stein, 1859, where Elytroplastron bubali (Dogiel, 1928) preyed on Enoploplastron triloricatum (Dogiel, 1925) and on species of Epidinium Crawley, 1923 and Entodinium Stein, 1859. Cases of cannibalism were observed among specimens of E. bubali, which consist of the first record this type of interaction in this species. This is, moreover, the first record of occurrence of E. bubali in the rumen of sheep in Brazil.


We study the high frequency Hall conductivity in a two-dimensional (2D) model of conduction electrons coupled to a background magnetic skyrmion texture via an effective Hund's coupling term. For an ordered skyrmion crystal, a Kubo formula calculation using the basis of skyrmion crystal Chern bands reveals a resonant Hall response at a frequency set by the Hund's coupling: ~ωres ≈ JH . A complementary real-space Kubo formula calculation for an isolated skyrmion in a box reveals a similar resonant Hall response. A linear relation between the area under the Hall resonant curve and the skyrmion density is discovered numerically and is further elucidated using a gradient expansion which is valid for smooth textures and a local approximation based on a spin-trimer calculation. We point out the issue of distinguishing this skyrmion contribution from a similar feature arising from spin-orbit interactions, as demonstrated in a model for Rashba spin-orbit coupled electrons in a collinear ferromagnet, which is analogous to the difficulty of unambiguously separating the d.c. topological Hall effect from the anomalous Hall effect. The resonant feature in the high frequency topological Hall effect is proposed to provide a potentially useful local optical signature of skyrmions via probes such as scanning magneto-optical Kerr microscopy.


This thesis examines the impact of women promotoras on community development in Nicaragua. Promotoras have become crucial catalysts and mediators of local development by enhancing community outreach, broadening participation, enabling individual/collective empowerment, and finding creative ways to collaborate with community members. Their work expands women's leadership roles, while contributing to overall project sustainability. Key to the promotoras' success is their own process of personal transformation through community work based on popular education and capacity building. However, organizational, cultural and economic limitations present challenges to the promotoras' approach; for instance, traditional machista attitudes question women's ability to occupy leadership positions, while economic constraints force promotoras to leave their voluntary positions in favour of better-remunerated work. The contributions and limitations of promotoras' work are relevant for policy-makers, practitioners and funders of community development, especially that oriented towards poor women.


Image intensity profiles (IIPs) are calculated for selected cross sections of contact hole arrays for a circular source and objective in the presence of the defocus aberration. The IIPs for selected cross sections of contact holes are compared with IlPs from correspondingly dimensioned gratings. At resolution levels equal to or greater than 0.9 lambda/N.A., the predicted contact hole image quality should be similar to that attainable from correspondingly dimensioned line-space gratings. Although the shapes of the contact holes appear to be predicted well, in some cases the experimental contact hole to grating dimensional comparison indicates significantly less than perfect imaging characteristics. Advanced lens systems with similar resolution ratios but different depth of focus characteristics are also compared for contact hole imaging. Contact hole imaging characteristics are much more sensitive to residual aberrations in the optical lens system and can provide a convenient measure of the relative magnitude of these aberrations.


Abstract Building on literature that suggests motives and opportunities for national versions of IFRS practice, we examine whether there are systematic differences in IFRS accounting policies between countries. Using information from the annual reports of companies in the blue chip indices of the largest five stock markets that use IFRS, we reject a null hypothesis that IFRS practice is the same across countries. For 16 accounting policy issues, we find instead significant evidence that pre‐ IFRS national practice continues where this is allowed within IFRS. By this, we document the existence of national patterns of accounting within IFRS. We also point out some policy implications that arise from our findings.


The electromechanical properties of [111]-oriented tetragonal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2O3)-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) crystals were investigated for potential high frequency ultrasonic transducers. The domain-engineered tetragonal crystals exhibit an ultrahigh free dielectric permittivity e33T > 10 000 with a moderate electromechanical coupling factor k33 ∼ 0.79, leading to a high clamped dielectric permittivity e33S of 2800, significantly higher than those of the rhombohedral relaxor-PT crystals and high-K (dielectric permittivity) piezoelectric ceramics. Of particular significance is that the [111]-oriented tetragonal crystals were found to possess high elastic stiffness, with frequency constant N33 of ∼2400 Hz m, allowing relatively easy fabrication of high-frequency transducers. In addition, no scaling effect of piezoelectric and dielectric properties was observed down to thickness of 0.1 mm, corresponding to an operational frequency of ∼24 MHz. These advantages of [111]-oriented tetragonal PIN-PMN-PT c...


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts reduce portal pressure and can control ascites in patients with cirrhosis. We carried out a controlled study to evaluate this procedure for the management of refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis and to clarify its mechanism of action.

METHODS
Twenty-five patients with refractory ascites were included in the trial; 13 were randomly assigned to shunts and 12 to paracentesis. Four patients in each group were Child-Pugh class C and the others were class B. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 34 months. Hemodynamic values, liver and renal tests and neurohumoral factors were measured before and at 4 months after inclusion.

RESULTS
Shunts were successfully placed in 10 out of 13 patients. At 4 months, ascites had improved in all class B patients in the shunt group and in none of the patients in the paracentesis group (p < 0.05); ascites did not improve in any of the class C patients in either of the groups. At 2 years, the overall survival rate was 29 +/- 13% (mean +/- SE) in the shunt group and 56 +/- 17% in the paracentesis group (p < 0.05). In class B patients, there was no significant difference in mortality. At 4 months, portal pressure was significantly lower than before the shunt, while plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly higher and plasma levels of renin and norepinephrine significantly lower.

CONCLUSIONS
In this trial, intrahepatic shunts were effective on refractory ascites in patients with cirrhosis. However, the overall survival rate was lower in shunted patients than in those treated with paracentesis. The efficacy of intrahepatic shunts on ascites was only observed in class B patients. Survival did not improve in class B patients, and decreased in class C patients compared to paracentesis. The efficacy of shunts on ascites might be due to neurohumoral factors which control natriuresis and depend on hepatic sinusoidal pressure.


The authors report on a year's experience with psychiatric patients from aborigine tribes in West Malaysia. Of the 20 cases seen, all but one were psychotic and 16 were also classified as schizophrenic. Withdrawal and running away were common symptom patterns. Only one patient came from a deep jungle area; the others were from fringe areas where sociocultural disruption was more evident. Because of a good preexisting medical service, these patients were easily managed in a hospital that emphasized their own culture. Follow-up in the jungle or villages by aborigine staff members and the use of long-acting injectable phenothiazines resulted in continued improvement of the patients.


Salmonella enterica is a major cause of gastroenteritis usually caused by animal-based contaminated foods. Since the current passive surveillance is not sufficient to detect all infections and infection sources, we determined the prevalence of Salmonella isolated from sewage influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and compared the characteristics of human and food isolates to identify the infection sources. Sewage influent samples were collected monthly from two WWTPs located in the Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, for three years. Serotypes, antimicrobial resistances, isolation periods, isolated areas, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of six isolates belonging to five serotypes were consistent with those of the isolates from patients. Real-time PCR for Salmonella indicated that sewage influents reflect cases of patients infected with Salmonella, including unreported cases. Serovars Schwarzengrund and Anatum were predominant in sewage, but not in humans, and their characteristics were closely related or identical to those isolated from poultry heart and liver, respectively. These results suggest that sewage influent contains Salmonella isolates from humans and that some originated from unreported human cases infected by poultry-associated products. Therefore, it is necessary to take countermeasures against Salmonella infection based on the unreported cases, which would be disclosed by analysis of sewage influent.


Inter and intra regional migration in Nigeria has been very dynamic from the pre-colonial through the colonial, post colonial to this modern era in the migration history of the country, however, there remain paucity of reliable and current migration data in the country. In addition, the changing pattern and characterization of inter and intra regional migration between and within the states and geo-political zones in Nigeria further require examination for planning and policy intervention in both the area of origin and destination. The aim of the paper, therefore, is to analyze the changing face or pattern of inter and intra regional (states and geo-political zones) over time; its characterization in terms of the demography of migrants (the increasing of female into the migration stream); explanatory factors or drivers, in terms of existing socio-economic inequalities, urbanization, trade and commerce, conflict and terrorism.


Vibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events. Among them, V. tasmaniensis LGP32 behaves as a facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster hemocytes, a property rather unusual in vibrios. Herein, we asked whether LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis could result from coincidental selection of virulence factors during interactions with heterotrophic protists, such as amoeba, in the environment. To answer that question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster-farming areas to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae of the Vannella genus that were found abundant in the oyster environment. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by amoebae and this phenotype was dependent on previously identified virulence factors: the secreted metalloprotease Vsm and the copper efflux p-ATPase CopA. Using dedicated in vitro assays, our results showed that these virulence factors act at different steps during amoeba-vibrio interactions than they do in oysters-vibrio interactions. Hence, the virulence factors of LGP32 are key determinants of biotic interactions with multiple hosts ranging from protozoans to metazoans, suggesting that the selective pressure exerted by amoebae in marine coastal environments favor coincidental selection of virulence factors.


When using carbons grains as adsorbent, the 3D bed pore structure can have a large impact on the operation of the filter, through the modification of the transport properties inside the bed. In order to gain insight into the relation between morphology and transport properties, X-ray microtomography coupled with image analysis was used to characterize the 3D porous structure of activated carbons packed beds. Two different tube-to-particle ratios were investigated by changing the filter diameter. Polydispersed commercial granular activated carbon with mean particle size close to 1 mm was used. Specifically dedicated image analysis algorithms were developed to determine the total porosity, the pore size distribution, and the radial porosity profiles. For both filter diameters, the total porosity measured by image analysis was very close to the value determined 'physically' knowing the carbon mass, its bulk density and the dimension of the filter The comparison of the pore size distributions indicates that void sizes are almost normally distributed around only one maximum for the large filter, while the distribution is larger and presents a more complex shape in the small filter. The radial porosity profiles showed an increase of the porosity from the center of the filter to the wall accompanyied with an oscillatory behaviour at the small scale. A deeper analysis based on the power spectrum indicated a periodic behaviour in the large filter, with a characteristic length matching well with the carbon particle size: the carbon grains are uniformly packed layer by layer in the bed. In the small filter, oscillations were found to be not periodic suggesting an uneven packing of grains.


Abstract. The contribution is focused on Alessandro Antonelli's project for the seat of the new italian parliament in Turin. The project, unrealized, began back in 1860, when the annexation to the Piedmont of Tuscany and the Emilia asked for the building in the capital of a decent seat for the National Parliament. It had to be situated on the area of the ex Carignano garden, behind the homonym building and the "antonellian" Collegio delle Provincie, in the heart of the city, that comes to be as representative place of the absolutist and dynastic power, through the phases of XVIIIth century of amplification and architectural-urbanism new configuration. To deepen therefore the knowledge of Antonelli's project and to understand better the reasons that have brought to the choice to locate in Palazzo Carignano the Italian Parliament, is has been chosen to deepen the relationships between the building and the city, through a punctual iconografic and archivistic documentation that it has allowed to read the development of the building among XVIIth and XIXth century, also in relationship to the urban transformation, putting to comparison the various projects of the contest with the Baroque existence. Through the restitution of virtual images it has been possible to optimize the hypothesis, putting not only to fire the philosophy of the project, but above all Antonelli's way to measure himself with such an incisive existence in the city as the "guariniano" Palazzo Carignano and to bring back the linguistic choice to the amplest circle of the works that the architect realized in the city of Turin.


The aim of the paper is to develop a framework of governance structures based on of researcher motivations and structures to commercialize academic research into economic value. We do this by case studies of academic researchers who have considered commercializing their research findings in the field of stem cell biology. The empirical cases let us further expand the typology of governance structures for commercialization of research discoveries from academia to industry. The main finding is a number of collaborative governance structures between the researchers and industry with corresponding business models, indicating that many researchers prefer to stay in academia and use commercialization as a vehicle for enlarging their research inside and outside academia. 1 Corresponding author: Lars Bengtsson, Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Management, PO Box 520, 392 25 Ronneby Sweden email@example.com Tel: +46708-129945


This paper aims at understanding how a better relationship between infrastructure and landscapes can be established, by encouraging new ways to experience and effectively use the places that are located near the infrastructural nodes. The work starts from the identification of a specific case study: the landscape in-between the cities of Milan and Turin, that are connected by the infrastructural bundle made of the three lines of the regional/historical railways, the motorway and the new tracks of the high speed train. The research highlights cultural heritage sites and places of interest, points out a series of areas and routes that connect them with the infrastructure. The Milan 2015 Expo could in this sense be a very powerful catalyst, by encouraging these intermodal uses of the infrastructural bundle to reach and truly experience the agricultural and cultural landscapes located around it


Increases in intensity of X-radiation in the ground layer of the atmosphere observed during various atmospheric phenomena in two points: Apatity (Kola Peninsula) and Bar- entsburg (Spitsbergen) have been studied. A clear relation- ship between the increases and such atmospheric phenom- ena as rain and snowfall has been found. It is shown that these increases are not connected with any radionuclides. This research suggests that the principal cause of high-energy photons increase during precipitations are bremsstrahlung X rays created by energetic electrons accelerated by elec- tric fields in the clouds. A possible mechanism of generation of X ray photons is discussed.


Interactive digital technologies embedded in urban spaces typically tend to be used to deliver news, context-relevant information and commercial advertisements. To design urban technologies that will serve other ends, we first need to know how people might want to interact with them. Using an ethnographic approach, we collected field data in order to better understand this. This study presents some of the findings of our qualitative evaluation of MÉGAPHONE, an interactive artistic installation deployed in a public space in downtown Montréal, Canada. In this paper, we provide thick descriptions of our detailed field observations and interviews with participants conducted over the ten-week deployment with a deep focus on how users appropriated this system. Our results highlight four public interaction strategies as a set of abstractions that suggest how people might want to make use of interactive public installations: place-making, self-representing, first-person news reporting and bootstrapping online presence with digital recordings.


Abstract:Europe is experiencing its gravest economic crisis since the Second World War. In response, governments have undertaken radical measures. In France, Emmanuel Macron suspended many taxes, rent, and other bills for businesses and promised no company would be allowed to collapse. Germany is "tearing up its fiscal rule book," as the Financial Times put it, finally abandoning its obsession with balanced budgets to fight the crisis. Many countries have essentially nationalized payrolls, promising to cover the wages of workers who would otherwise have been laid off. In the UK, Andrew Bailey, the Bank of England governor, declared that the central bank was willing to pump unlimited quantities of money into the economy to support businesses and households, essentially embarking on an experiment in Modern Monetary Theory.


Code switching (CS) is a normal practice among bilingual and multilingual speakers both in the community at large and at schools despite it being mostly prohibited in most South African classrooms. Even though educators express the banes of CS or even deny its use in the classroom, the study on which this paper draws demonstrates that both teachers and learners engage in CS behaviour in classroom interaction. The paper examines language teaching sessions of Grade 8 and 9 learners in multilingual classrooms in three semi-urban schools in KwaZulu Natal. It demonstrates that in language classrooms, within the framework of OBE, CS involving learners' home and additional languages can be used as a teaching and learning strategy in accomplishing communicative competence, especially grammatical, sociolinguistic and strategic competences, as described by Canale and Swain (1980). The paper concludes by exploring the implications of 'strategic' CS for second or additional language pedagogy, and suggests the need for education role-players to engage in continued consciousness raising as CS is a reality in and outside the classroom. Key words: code-switching, communicative competence, home language, additional language, Outcomes Based Education


Combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a substitutional heteroatom-doping approach is employed to design asymmetric local structures based on highly ordered mesoporous MoO2 nanostructures. Such synergistic strategies on increasing both the number and intrinsic activity of active sites jointly lead to a significant water oxidation performance boost.


The performance of optimum combining (OC) in amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI) is analyzed using a tight approximation for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the destination. Two types of relaying protocols are studied, all-relay transmission with OC and best-relay transmission with OC. When CCI is present only at the destination, both relaying protocols achieve diversity gains up to M when interferer powers are scaled with the source and the relay powers, where M is the number of relays. Best-relay transmission with OC maximizes the spectral efficiency as each communication consumes only two time slots.


Restricting ourselv¢s to dirty type II superconductors, we study the effect of the ther modynamic fluctuation :·of the order parameter in the vortex state. The fluctuation propaga tor for the order parameter in the vicinity of the upper critical field is determined for all tem peratures. The space average of the fluctuation diverges logarithmically in an infinite system, which may imply the instability of the Abrikosov lattice. The excess electrical conductivity in the vortex state due to the thermodynamical fluctua tion of the order parameter is th'en calculated, which diverges like (Hc2-B)-ll2 as the induc tion B approaches the upper critical field. Since the coefficient of this diverging term is reasonably large, we believe that this effect is experimentally accessible. We discuss also briefly the excess conductivity above the upper critical field, where the anomalous term (or the Maki term) is rather important.


Magnetic force microscope (MFM) tips are prepared by coating Si tips of 5, 4, and 3 nm radiuses with Co films by varying the thickness in a range between 5 and 80 nm. The effects of base-Si tip radius and coating thickness on the MFM spatial resolution are investigated. With increasing the thickness from 5 to 20 nm, the resolutions of MFM tips prepared by using Si tips of 5, 4, and 3 nm radiuses improve from 10.2 to 7.7 nm, from 12.1 to 7.3 nm, and from 12.1 to 6.6 nm, respectively. This is due to an increase of signal detection sensitivity related with the coating thickness. With further increasing the thickness, the resolution declines due to an increase of tip radius. The resolution is affected by both the detection sensitivity and the tip radius. A higher resolution is obtained by using a sharper base-Si tip. Magnetic bits of a perpendicular medium recorded at 1900 kFCI (bit length: 13.4 nm) are distinguishable in the MFM image observed by using a tip prepared by coating Si tip of 3 nm radius with 20-nm-thick Co film. An MFM tip prepared by coating sharp base-tip with Co film of optimized thickness is useful to investigate the magnetization structure of future recording media.


We introduce the Virgo Consortium's FLAMINGO suite of hydrodynamical simulations for cosmology and galaxy cluster physics. To ensure the simulations are sufficiently realistic for studies of large-scale structure, the subgrid prescriptions for stellar and AGN feedback are calibrated to the observed low-redshift galaxy stellar mass function and cluster gas fractions. The calibration is performed using machine learning, separately for each of FLAMINGO's three resolutions. This approach enables specification of the model by the observables to which they are calibrated. The calibration accounts for a number of potential observational biases and for random errors in the observed stellar masses. The two most demanding simulations have box sizes of 1.0 and 2.8 Gpc on a side and baryonic particle masses of 1 × 108 and 1 × 109 M⊙, respectively. For the latter resolution the suite includes 12 model variations in a 1 Gpc box. There are 8 variations at fixed cosmology, including shifts in the stellar mass function and/or the cluster gas fractions to which we calibrate, and two alternative implementations of AGN feedback (thermal or jets). The remaining 4 variations use the unmodified calibration data but different cosmologies, including different neutrino masses. The 2.8 Gpc simulation follows 3 × 1011 particles, making it the largest ever hydrodynamical simulation run to z = 0. Lightcone output is produced on-the-fly for up to 8 different observers. We investigate numerical convergence, show that the simulations reproduce the calibration data, and compare with a number of galaxy, cluster, and large-scale structure observations, finding very good agreement with the data for converged predictions. Finally, by comparing hydrodynamical and 'dark-matter-only' simulations, we confirm that baryonic effects can suppress the halo mass function and the matter power spectrum by up to ≈20 per cent.


The systematic combination of N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) with fluoroarenes resulted in twisted push-pull alkenes. These alkenes carry electron-donating cyclicdiamino substituents and two electron-withdrawing fluoroaryl substituents in the geminal positions. The synthetic method can be extended to a variety of substituted push-pull alkenes by varying the NHO as well as the fluoroarenes. Solid-state molecular structures of these molecules reveal a notable elongation of the central C-C bond and a twisted geometry in the alkene motif. Absorption properties were investigated with UV-vis spectroscopy. The redox properties of the twisted push-pull alkenes were probed with electrochemistry as well as UV-vis/NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry, while the electronic structures were computationally evaluated and validated.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the frequency of concomitant adjunctive nasal procedures performed in powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Methods: Retrospective review of 269 consecutive powered endoscopic DCR's performed in 202 patients over a period of 10 years from 2003 to 2013. Patient records were reviewed for demographic data, clinical profiles and surgical notes. Concomitant adjunctive procedures were studied with relation to number of patients, indications, types of procedures (septoplasty, middle turbinoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery or FESS) and complications. Results: 269 powered endoscopic DCR's were performed on 202 patients. The mean age at surgery was 58.4 years (range 20–91 years). Adjunctive nasal procedures were performed in 53.4% (108/202) of the patients. 47% (95/202) required a septoplasty. Among the 95 septoplasty patients, 85 required solo septoplasty and 10 had additional sinus procedure. Middle turbinoplasty was performed in 5.9% (12/202) and septal papilloma excision was performed in 0.49% (1/202). No additional morbidity was noticed with adjunctive procedures. Successful outcomes of DCR were achieved in 96.5% of patients. Conclusion: Simultaneous adjunctive nasal procedures were commonly required with powered endoscopic DCR. Septoplasty and middle turbinoplasty when performed as needed, provides an additional access to lacrimal region and may facilitate successful outcomes.


This study analyzes the variables of slope length, angle, width and depth of the mandibular fossa in archaeological populations to test the impact of consuming hard food items on them. Using those variables, the study suggests a new method for reconstructing the food texture of ancient populations, which is applied to a sample of 27 skulls from the Queen Alia International Airport (QAIA) and 30 skulls from Wadi Faynan (WF): two late Roman archaeological sites. The fossae were molded using a special paste, cut longitudinally and imprinted on tracing paper in order to measure those variables. The results show that the people of WF had consumed harder food stuffs than the people of Queen Alia International Airport. Seen in longitudinal section, consumption of hard food appears to increase the angle of the mandibular fossa relative to those eating softer food.


Thermoresponsive materials and surfaces are widely used in cell culture applications. There is a lot of research work employing thermoresponsive materials with various structure and compositions. However, little is known about the immunological response to the thermoresponsive materials. Macrophage-like transformed murine cell line RAW264.7 was selected as it is a widely used standard model for immune activation analysis. This study proposes to compare the effects of thermoresponsive films with various compositions on macrophage cells. Thermoresponsive materials are a useful utility as a non-enzymatic harvesting system for tissue culture. As RAW264.7 cells are difficult to remove from the substrate by enzymatic methods we also explored the possibility to use thermoresponsive materials for the macrophage cultivation. Spin coating and solvent casting was used to produce films of N-isopropylacrylamide-based polymers from the nanometer to micrometer range. Successful cell adhesion and proliferation was highly dependent on the thickness and composition of the coating. RAW264.7 cells were successfully detached from the coatings upon temperature reduction. Furthermore, results indicate that the RAW264.7 cells remained inactivated as cell secreted cytokine remained at a low level and the surface receptor profile of RAW264.7 was not altered when cells were detached in this manner.


The authors present a case of ectopic spleen complicated by chronic torsion and subcapsular haematoma in an asymptomatic patient. The value of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of these complications is discussed.


This article addresses a reflection on the appropriations that children make of the institutions of early childhood education. With the theoretical reference Michel de Certeau, we approach the marks of children's practices as elements that evidence the movements of resistance on the ordering of places in the daily life of children. Based on a case study involving three institutions from the three largest municipalities of Santa Catarina, the issues presented here are a cut of some elements of this research collected through photographic records and analyzed using the space and place concepts of Certeau.


Fever of unknown origin is a rare condition after solid organ transplant and is generally associated with atypical infections (eg, tuberculosis, fungal infections) and/or lymphoproliferative disorders. Here, we present a kidney transplant patient with a late diagnosis of E148Q mutation-positive familial Mediterranean fever as the cause of fever of unknown origin. A 22-year-old female patient with a previous history of 4 years of hemodialysis and unknown primary renal disease received a deceased-donor kidney transplant at our center 5 years previously. She had an uneventful course in the first 3 years following transplant. After this period, she was hospitalized 3 times during a 4-month period with fever, nausea, vomiting, and atypical abdominal pain. At that time, hemogram results were unremarkable, except for mild leukocytosis and slightly elevated acute-phase reactants; blood, urine, and throat cultures were negative, and there were no remarkable findings on imaging tests. Fever was controlled within 48 hours by administering empiric ampicillin-sulbactam therapy and discontinuing immunosuppressive treatment except steroids. Three successive hospital admissions owing to similar complaints suggested periodic fever syndrome, and therapy with 1 g/day colchicine led to an excellent clinical response with no recurrence of fever or other symptoms. An FMF gene mutation analysis revealed heterozygous E148Q mutation positivity. Continuing the current treatment regimen, the patient did well during at approximately 1.5 years of follow-up. In the Mediterranean region population, familial Mediterranean fever should be considered in the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in patients who have undergone renal transplant. E148Q mutation-positive familial Mediterranean fever has a subclinical course and renal manifestations that differ from AA amyloidosis during childhood and may be responsible for de novo familial Mediterranean fever after renal transplantation.


Background: Subacute intestinal obstruction (SAIO) implies incomplete, intermittent, or recurrent obstruction. The diagnosis of SAIO is usually delayed and several patients continue to suffer from symptoms for weeks and months due to the waxing and waning nature of the disease. Objective: To see the clinical presentation, aetiology, type of management and short-term outcome of the patients of SAIO. Method: This prospective cohort study was performed in the Department of Gastroenterology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh, from Jan 2015 to Dec 2017 over a period of two years. A total of 100 diagnosed patient of SAIO who was admitted during the study period was taken as patients. Patients with acute strangulated and complicated intestinal obstructions were excluded from the study. Results: Males were predominant than female (4.3:1) in this study. Duration of symptom was 3 months in 31.0% cases. A single episode was found in 14.0% cases, 2–3 episodes was in 43.0% cases and >3 episodes in 43.0% cases. Maximum patients (79.0%) had colicky abdominal pain. Eighty-eight patients were treated conservatively and 12.0% were surgical. According to aetiology, 28.0% of cases had intestinal TB, 18.0% had small/large gut adenocarcinoma, 4.0% had Crohn's disease, and 1.0% had post-operative band and adhesions in this study. In this study, 18 (18.0%) patients cured completely, 51.0% partially, 19.0% persistent symptoms and 12.0% were expired. Conclusion: SAIO is more common in a male. Fifty-one (51.0%) patients were diagnosed. Most of the diagnosed cases were intestinal TB (28.0%). Eighty-eight (88.0%) were treated conservatively and among them 19.3% cured completely and 52.3% had partial improvement. Keywords: Subacute intestinal obstruction, intestinal TB, Crohn's disease, short-term outcome Cite this Article Jimma Hossain, Md. Shakhawat Hossain, Md. Naushad Ali et al. Subacute Intestinal Obstruction: Clinical Profile and Short-term Follow up in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Immunology . 2018; 8(3): 19–23p.


Numerous theories of language acquisition have indicated that distributional information is extremely valuable for assisting the child to learn syntactic categories, yet these theories differ over the type of information that is proposed as useful in acquisition. Mintz (2003) has proposed that children utilize the previous word and the following word (AxB frames) for acquiring categories, whereas Monaghan, Chater, and Christiansen (submitted) have suggested that information about the previous word alone provides a rich source of data for categorization. In three modeling experiments we found that bigrams were better than fixed AxB frames for learning syntactic categories in a corpus of child-directed speech. However, presentation of the preceding and succeeding words when these can be processed separately resulted in better learning than presenting the preceding word alone, and also improved performance over presenting the previous two words.


At the tillering stage, larvae of the yellow stem borer (YSB) Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) cause deadhearts after about 1 wk of feeding inside the leaf sheath. At the preheading stage, larvae cause whiteheads after about 4 d of feeding inside the panicle stem. Cultivars that cause high early mortality of YSB larvae are good sources of resistance for breeding programs because many larvae will be killed before they have done sufficient feeding to cause deadheart or whitehead. In this study, we compared early larval mortality of YSB on four indica cultivars. IR36, IR40, IR62, and IR72 rice seedlings were transplanted in a screenhouse at the rate of two seedlings hill-1. One month after transplanting, hills were transferred into 13-cm-diam pots (one hill pot-1) and caged in a greenhouse. There were four replicates for each cultivar. One egg mass (130-135 eggs; approximately 5 × 4 mm) was placed on a hill in each cage. Three days after egg hatching, plants were uprooted from pots and stored at ambient temperature for 0-24 h before being dissected under a binocular microscope. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were compared by LSD.


The study of retinal periphery has a significance in clinical evaluation of an eye. By virtue of it's peculiar characteristics it is prone for certain lesions, and some of them could be pathological. The study by various workers indicates the varied type of pathological lesions residing in the retinal periphery. Various lesions found in this region in supposedly normal persons like paving stone degeneration, Lattice degeneration, cystoid degeneration, white with pressure and white without pressure areas are likely to be missed by routine examination. unless specifically looked for


Pool boiling from a surface featuring micropyramidal reentrant cavities (mouth size 40 /spl mu/m) etched in silicon, bonded to a glass substrate, was studied. All experiments were conducted in the dielectric fluid FC-72 at 1 atm. The heat sink is designed to eliminate spreading through the substrate, and back heat loss. Experimentation showed that the critical heat flux was 12.8 W/cm/sup 2/. A high speed camera (400 frames/s) was used to record and quantify the effect of heat flux on departure diameter and bubble emission frequency. Both departure diameter and frequency showed an increasing trend with heat flux. Comparisons with existing literature are also presented.


The objective of this study was to examine the role of sustainable human resources management (HRM) in supply chain, profitability and resource utilization. The mediating role of operational accuracy was also examined. Finally, the relationship between sustainable HRM, operational accuracy, supply chain, profitability and resource utilization were also examined. The relationship was investigated among the cement manufacturing companies and cement manufacturing companies of Indonesian were selected for the purpose of this study. Finally, data were collected from the Indonesian companies and employees of these companies were the respondents of the study. Finally, 450 questionnaires were distributed among the cement manufacturing companies. The results of the study show that sustainable HRM has a major role to increase operational accuracy. Sustainable HRM practices had a positive effect on supply chain, profitability and resource utilization. Moreover, operational accuracy maintained a positive role to enhance supply chain, profitability and resource utilization among the cement manufacturing companies. Moreover, sustainable HRM showed positive role in operational accuracy and operational accuracy showed positive role to enhance supply chain, profitability and resource utilization.


Christian caring lived out in those around them. The effective ministry of, for example, Scripture Union workers in Approved Schools is not mentioned and this omission may have significance. Indeed, in a discussion about religion in Approved Schools one might have hoped for more comment on the need for a clearer prescntation to young people of personal Christian commitment and its transform-


Russia Abstract. The object of this research is the vocational training of older workers. The purpose is to analyze the impact of vocational training on older workers ' employment. The research methods are theoretical, general scientific and empirical methods; diagnostic, statistical methods, etc. Theoretical and practical results are the following: the vocational training of older workers is an important factor in their employment. The low coverage of older workers participating in vocational training can be overcome by popularizing vocational training as a tool for career development, prolonging their participation in the labor market and adapting them to the labor