ITS sequences from isolated populations of Acer in the Colchic region allow direct assumptions about the origin, evolution, and radiation of one of the most abundant West Eurasian tree species, Acer campestre L., the field maple. We inferred the molecular evolution of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the nuclear-encoded 35S rDNA cistron in Acer campestre using a range of methods including sequence- and distance-based phylogenetic networks and motif analyses. The data basis for our inference are 344 sequenced clones from 51 individuals of A. campestre, essentially covering the modern distribution range of the species, and 27 individuals representing other species of Acer section Platanoidea. Our results indicate that Acer campestre comprises 2 cryptic species, 1 of which is confined to North-East Turkey and South-West Georgia (ancient Colchis region). Detailed analysis shows that the Colchic genotype is generally more similar to other species of the section than the main genotype of Acer campestre sampled from North Turkey to the Pyrenees. In the light of the fossil record and general differentiation patterns in West Eurasian Acer, we conclude that the Colchic genotype represents a survivor of the initial radiation within section Platanoidea, predating the formation of modern species.


Cross-adaptation has been interpreted as a measure of the degree to which odors share common sensory channels. How structural similarity, in the absence of perceptual similarity, influences cross-adaptation is unknown. The present study assessed cross-adaptation by structurally similar, but perceptually different, odorants. Magnitude estimates for a 10:1 mixture of (E)- and (Z)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (3M2H), a principal component of human underarm odor, decreased following adaptation to a mixture of (E)- and (Z)-ethyl esters of 3M2H (EE3M2H), which possess a pleasant, fruity odor. Cross-adaptation was asymmetric; adaptation to 3M2H did not significantly affect the perceived intensity of EE3M2H. By contrast, there was no significant cross-adaptation between 3M2H and the fruity-smelling ethyl esters of its homologues, 3-methyl-2-octenoic acid (EE3M20) and 3-methyl-2-pentenoic acid (EE3M2P). Similarity ratings revealed no differences among the three ethyl esters in their perceptual similarity to 3M2H (i.e. all were rated equally dissimilar to 3M2H). Molecular modeling studies revealed no difference in the charge distribution of these molecules. Rather, differences in the shape and size of the hydrophobic part of the molecule may determine the extent of cross-adaptation. These results demonstrate that structurally-similar, yet perceptually-distinct, odorants may cross-adapt and suggest that the extent of cross-adaptation may be affected by the degree of structural, as well as perceptual, similarity.


Among applications of the piezoelectric effect in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), several employ membranes as the active region of the device. We have developed a new multilayered piezoelectric composite plate finite element that improves the modeling of piezoelectric membranes. In this paper we present the implementation of the element within the finite element package FEMEngine. We demonstrate the validity of the theory and use the implementation to simulate a viscosity sensor for food-stuff monitoring. Our work is motivated by the fact that the accurate modeling of piezoelectric multilayered membranes is not possible with currently available commercial finite element software.


This essay examines public constructions of criminal justice by considering a series of scandals around British policing in the late 1920s. Centring on concerns about London's Metropolitan Police, this crisis led to two parliamentary investigations in 1928. This analysis of the "police and public" debates contributes to the histories and theories of the "public sphere", especially the multiplicity of publics and the importance of debates around particular issues and of rhetoric in forming public opinion. In exploring the creation of—and tensions within—such a public imaginary though the "police and public" debates, I focus on the role of an ideal of Britishness and the extent to which efforts to create a rhetorically unified "public" remained haunted by underlying political and institutional conflicts. Ultimately, this case study highlights the limits on the ability of public opinion to influence the criminal justice system, as, despite public and political pressure, no fundamental reforms of the police resulted from the issues raised in this case.


Existing social or content-based approaches to filtering-by-example are difficult to apply to image data. To realize a filtering-by-example system for image data, we propose a new approach to combine social and content-based filtering techniques. A content-based sub-system provides two types of clusters, equivalent items and virtual users, to overcome a disadvantage of social filtering, that is, a shortage of ratings. Since items similar in visual properties are not always similar in user tastes, a social sub-system controls the content-based sub-system with an evaluation function that estimates the validity of content-based clusters according to user ratings. Based on this approach, we have developed an image database, Web Graphics Navigator, that recommends graphics for Web pages according to the users' tastes. The database has been open to the public on the World-Wide Web to obtain user ratings. A preliminary observation of the user data shows promising results.


Book synopsis: This Companion to Victorian Poetry provides an introduction to many of the pressing issues that absorbed the attention of poets from the 1830s to the 1890s. It introduces readers to a range of topics - including historicism, patriotism, prosody, and religious belief. The thirteen specially-commissioned chapters offer insights into the works of well-known figures such as Matthew Arnold, Robert Browning and Alfred Tennyson, and the writings of women poets - like Michael Field, Amy Levy and Augusta Webster - whose contribution to Victorian culture has in more recent years been acknowledged by modern scholars. Revealing the breadth of the Victorians' experiments with poetic form, this Companion also discloses the extent to which their writings addressed the prominent intellectual and social questions of the day. The volume, which will be of interest to scholars and students alike, features a detailed chronology of the Victorian period and a comprehensive guide to further reading.


INTRODUCTION
Conventional frontal radiography is mandatory in trauma patients and usually sufficient to detect rib fractures, even though the alignment of bone fragments or projection difficulties may sometimes hinder their depiction. Therefore, there exists moderate disagreement between clinically suspected rib fractures and radiographic findings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We report our personal experience with US in the detection of rib conditions (fractures and bruises), missed at preliminary radiography. Five symptomatic patients with suspected rib fractures underwent radiographic and US studies. All patients were examined with a real time unit (RT 2800, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA) with a 7.5 MHz linear probe.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
US demonstrated rib fractures in 4 patients with negative radiographic findings and a parosteal hematoma in one patient. We conclude that US can detect the rib fractures missed at conventional radiography and show rib cartilage conditions, costochondral dislocations and parosteal hematomas. Therefore we suggest the routine use of this technique in all chest trauma patients, as a useful complement to frontal radiographs, for both management and forensic purposes.


Structured Abstract Purpose – Recent studies demonstrate the serious influence of social media on scholarly communication. However, scientists from academia seem to be rather carful in trying new technologies (Kaiser, Köhler, Weith 2016), with most preferring private channels first (Pscheida et al., 2013). Nevertheless, science and innovation are a public issue of wide interest. Communication is a fundamental prerequisite for transfer of information and creation of knowledge, but not sufficient to sustainably implement knowledge in society (Johnson & Chang 2000). Any innovative development from R&D needs to be published and distributed by means of communication and learning. Only if processes of learning are added relevant knowledge can be converted into actions and become effective (Larsen-Freeman 2013). Design/methodology/approach – New media technologies open up a variety of technological tools and innovative individual and organizational collaboration patterns. Does science consider such opportunities? What kind of data can be used to investigate the ICT / social media usage from a functional perspective? The authors decided to build their argumentation on two cases studies, describing the structural design of research networks, which are indeed quite similar. Therefore, the funding measure "Sustainable Land Management" as well as the research network "eScience Saxony" were considered. Both combine a series of smaller R&D projects within the context of a wider network. The data shows, however, differences in structure and scope (some projects follow a transdisciplinary approach while others do not) as well as further similarities in relation to the usage of social media. Originality/value – As a research question it is examined how actors of network projects design processes of transfer and implementation of knowledge in their project networks. For the empirical investigation, qualitative data of the two cases is obtained and evaluated systematically. The findings emphasize (1) the equality of knowledge communication and organization of joint learning experiences and, moreover, (2) similar conceptual understanding of transfer across projects. Moreover, they (3) consider similar media scenarios as appropriate. Marginally, also (4) processes of communication and learning receive attention – which are used as the operationalization of transfer and implementation in the studied networks. Practical implications – The aim of the research presented is to investigate the various effects of the research networks as a specific form of organizational intervention (Härtel et al, 2015). The authors thereby give attention to the transfer and implementation strategies from the perspective of knowledge communication, in respect of knowledge management, and use theoretical approaches from different disciplines including developmental and social sciences (Stützer et al., 2013) as well as education and organizational studies to elaborate the meaning of research and innovation networks.


Analysis of data mining on data sales aims to process data with limited attributes to know information that can be generated from processing of such data. The utilization of Clustering Method are expected to answer the needs of processing the data to figure out the pattern of most purchases and distance of purchases up to the day of departure at the data in two years on PT Garuda Indonesia, Batam Branch. Data Mining Processing aims to process sales data into information or knowledge which plays an important role as one of the solutions in determining the future strategy. The use of the K-means algorithm aims to see algorithm processing capabilities with limited attributes. The purpose of using this method is to obtain the largest purchasing frequency information each month as well as consumer purchasing patterns as reference in establishing business recommendations as well as acquiring knowledge which will be useful for PT Garuda Indonesia, Batam Branch. By considering the existence of business competition of other airline companies, the result is expected to bring feedback as material input for the company in the future.


Lysosomal storage disorders are rare multiorgan, degenerative conditions requiring invasive treatment. Rare disorders pose unique challenges; therefore, exploring their impact is crucial for understanding family needs. This novel review aimed to understand the psychosocial outcomes for parents of children with lysosomal storage disorders. Five electronic databases were systematically searched. Thirty‐eight (23 qualitative, 10 qualitative and 5 mixed methods) studies were included, analysed using a sequential explanatory narrative synthesis and appraised for their methodological quality. Quantitative data revealed the multifaceted impact on parents' psychological and social wellbeing. Qualitative data informed the challenges that these parents faced which were expressed within three main themes: (a) Uncertainty and the unknown, (b) All‐encompassing impact and (c) Finding a way forward. The synthesis demonstrated that factors associated with the condition (symptoms, behaviour and severity) had a substantial negative impact on parental outcomes, upheld by concurrent loss (deterioration and poor prognosis) and uncertainty. This substantive integrated review revealed considerable unmet parental psychosocial needs.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on kinematic parameters during a 5 km road race, and to establish how men and women fatigue differently. 17 highly competitive distance runners (9 male, 8 female) were videoed (50 Hz) as they completed the English National 5 km championships. Three-dimensional kinematic data were analysed using motion analysis software (SIMI, Munich). Data were recorded at 950 m, 2,400 m, and 3,850 m. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant decrease in speed (p < 0.01) which occurred due to both decreased step length and cadence (p < 0.05). Differences in speed, step length and contact time between men and women were found (p < 0.05). Athletes can reduce the risk of fatigue by using appropriate racing tactics.


Measures for the control of schistosomiasis were implemented in Egypt beginning 1922. This shows that developing endemic countries are facing this problem for near 70 years. However, results in the control of this infection have not been satisfactorily obtained in spite of the technologies and strategies recently developed. The idea that social and economic components are relevant in the control of schistosomiasis is not new although its extension and profundity have not usually been well understood. More recently, most of the workers have recognized that the focal distribution of the prevalence rates of schistosomiasis should not be neglected in the control of the infection. At present, field work projects on the control of schistosomiasis are being developed in rural areas of two Brazilian studies (Espírito Santo and Pernambuco). The adopted strategy aims to interfere in the complex relationships between man and his bio-social-cultural environment, without forgetting that the unequal distribution of the space is a consequence of the political and economic organization of the Society.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Meningococcal serogroup B disease (MenB) is endemic in the UK and continues to cause the majority of invasive meningococcal disease. Two broadly protective protein-based MenB vaccines are now licensed and available, both with wide age indications. Whilst the UK recently became the first country to routinely vaccinate infants against MenB, a recommendation has not yet been extended to older age groups who can also now benefit from these vaccines. Areas covered: This review summarizes the evidence supporting the rationale for adolescents and adults in the UK to consider MenB vaccination. Expert commentary: Although MenB disease is rare, the UK reports one of the highest annual incidence rates within the European region, with over a third of cases occurring in those aged 10+ years. Overall, the case fatality rate following MenB disease in the UK is 4.2% but can be more than twice as high in teenagers and adults than in infants, and survivors are often left with life-changing disabling sequelae. MenB outbreaks are unpredictable and continue to occur in regions where it is endemic. These outbreaks often affect students attending school or university, with living on a campus being an important risk factor. Concerned individuals in this age group should consider MenB vaccination.


The effect of high temperatures on harvest index (HI) and morphological components that contribute to HI was investigated in two lines (Bd21 and Bd21-3) of Brachypodium distachyon, a C3 grass recognized as a tractable plant, to address critical issues associated with enhancing cereal crop yields in the presence of global climate change. The results demonstrated that temperatures ≥32 °C eliminated HI. Reductions in yield at 32 °C were due primarily to declines in pollen viability, retention of pollen in anthers, and pollen germination, while abortion of microspores by the uninucleate stage that was correlated with abnormal tapetal development resulted in yield failure at 36 °C. Increasing temperatures from 24 to 32 °C resulted in reductions in tiller numbers but had no impact on axillary branch numbers per tiller. Grain developed at 24 and 28 °C primarily in tiller spikes, although spikes on axillary branches also formed grain. Grain quantity decreased in tiller spikes but increased in axillary branch spikes as temperatures rose from 24 to 28 °C. Differential patterns of axillary branching and floret development within spikelets between Bd21 and Bd21-3 resulted in higher grain yield in axillary branches of Bd21-3 at 28 °C. The response of male reproductive development and tiller branching patterns in B. distachyon to increasing temperatures mirrors that in other cereal crops, providing support for the use of this C3 grass in assessing the molecular control of HI in the presence of global warming.


OBJECTIVES: The goal was to determine the features of clinical usage of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in this country in terms of utilization, indications, and practice and demographic characteristics of those who use FNA. STUDY DESIGN: A survey was mailed to otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons (OTO-HNSs) in the United States. The results were totaled and analyzed for indications for FNA performance, practice setting, age, and geographic location of practitioners. RESULTS: The most common indications for use of FNA were in the diagnoses of neck, thyroid, salivary, and other masses in the head and neck. In the survey group the average number of FNAs performed per month was 4.7 per respondent practitioner. FNA was statistically related to age (older physicians performed it less) and region of the country. FNAs are performed at a lower rate in the West. CONCLUSIONS: FNA is a commonly performed procedure. Certain groups of OTO-HNSs (older, located in western states) do not perform FNA as commonly as other OTO-HNSs. Further education regarding the merits of FNA is needed.


Progress in optical wireless communication (OWC) has unleashed the potential to transmit data in an ultra-fast manner without incurring large investments and bulk infrastructure. OWC includes wireless data transmissions in three optical sub-bands; ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. This paper discusses installing infrared OWC, known as free space optics (FSO), systems on top of installed radio frequency (RF) networks for outdoor applications to benefit from the reliability of RF links and the unlicensed broad optical spectrum, and the large data rates carried by laser beams propagating in free space. We equally review commercially available solutions and the hardware requirements for RF and FSO technology co-existence. The potential of hybrid RF/FSO for space communication is further discussed. Finally, open problems and future research directions are presented.


PURPOSE
This systematic review verified the usefulness/limitations of static surgical guides during implant surgery in the edentulous maxilla. The PICO question was: "Does the use of digitally generated surgical guides vs conventional techniques affect the following outcomes: surgical complications, implant complications, prosthesis complications, implant survival, prosthesis survival, economics, patient satisfaction, and maintenance intervention?"

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The electronic searches retrieved 2,588 unique articles from which eventually 36 full-text articles were read for eligibility. Because no randomized controlled clinical trials could be found, the PICO question had to be reformulated, now only looking to the outcome of digitally generated surgical guides without comparison with conventional techniques.

RESULTS
Although long-term data are lacking, the outcome of implants placed with a static guide and of the prosthetic reconstruction seems similar to that expected from conventional techniques. The number of surgical complications with guided surgery is negligible. Guided flapless implant surgery offers slightly more comfort for the patient; however, the economic benefits are unclear.

CONCLUSION
Implant therapy via static surgical guides in the maxilla is predictable, with slightly more comfort for the patient but with only minor economic advantages.


Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

Background: The measurement of biomarkers present in the bodily fluids of cancer patients represents an important avenue for the development of minimally invasive tests to predict tumorigenesis, disease recurrence, or treatment response. A great deal of work along these lines has already been devoted to blood, given its systemic exposure and extensive availability through tissue banks. However, blood is a dynamic biofluid with a proteome under continuous metabolic and homeostatic regulation. Alternatively, urine represents a biofluid that is inherently quiescent in that all molecular and proteolytic activity is largely complete upon sampling. Additional characteristics of urine including its high level of temperature stability and low-complexity matrix resulting from renal filtration have led many to propose urine as an alternative or companion to blood for biomarker studies.

Methods: We performed an analysis of biomarkers present in the urine and serum of patients diagnosed with ovarian, pancreatic, and breast cancer utilizing multiplexed bead-based immunoassays developed for the Luminex® xMAP® platform. Ovarian and breast cancer patients were compared to matched healthy controls while the pancreatic cancer patients were compared to a group of patients diagnosed with benign pancreatic conditions. Each case/control group was tested for 10-15 biomarkers identified as informative for each cancer type through previous population-based analyses of serum biomarkers.

Results: In our analysis, nearly all of the tested biomarkers were detectable in urine and many of the biomarkers exhibited mean relative differences of greater magnitude in urine versus serum. Our multivariate analysis identified several urine multimarker panels capable of discriminating the cancer from the control groups with high sensitivity and specificity. The use of a 4-biomarker panel comprised of 3 urine biomarkers and one serum biomarker resulted in the discrimination of ovarian cancer patients from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 100% at 95% specificity. For the ovarian and pancreatic cancer comparisons, urine/serum multimarker panels outperformed the best serum biomarker panels identified. A urine 5-biomarker panel was identified in the breast cancer comparison that demonstrated a high discriminatory power in both training and validation sample sets.

Conclusions: Our results support the use of urine biomarkers as alternatives and/or companions to serum biomarkers for the diagnosis of selected human cancers.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4567.


Advances in the RFID technology has made it universally present especially in the field of logistics for goods tracking. However, more and more applications are emerging enabling RFIDs to be used in a abundance of unique scenarios. Presence of moisture in an LPG, LNG pipe can decrease the quality of the gas and is one of a major problem for the industry. A wireless monitoring system using low frequency RFIDs as moisture sensors can detect the received energy of the transmitted signal using our proposed energy detector algorithm which is used extensively for spectrum sensing in Cognitive Radios to prevent such hazards. In this paper, we have employed a simple Energy Detector concept to exploit the renowned behavior of the RFID's signal reception and energy absorption with diverse environments. The decision for presence of moisture was made using the threshold values of the energy detector. The experiments were also performed in Wireless Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University at Qatar to verify the simulation results and the channel impulse response. In this study, we have shown that the RFID system can be able to send information regarding the presence of moisture for quality monitoring of liquefied gas and enable us to detect and make decisions on the basis of the energy detected from the RFID antenna system.


Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, which is regulated by intracellular Ca 2+ signals, plays a crucial role in the control of blood glucose levels. Although Ca 2+ signals in β-cells have been analyzed using in vitro/ex vivo preparations including cell lines, isolated β-cells and isolated islets, in vivo Ca 2+ imaging has proved to be challenging. Thus, while activities of β-cells in living animals are under the influence of autonomic nervous system, hormones and other substances, Ca 2+ signals of β-cells under physiological conditions have remained elusive. We here report an in vivo β-cells Ca 2+ imaging method using a transgenic mouse line expressing a genetically encoded Ca 2+ indicator YC-Nano50. Using the method, we succeeded in analyzing Ca 2+ signals in β-cells in laparotomized mice under anesthesia, and observed synchronized Ca 2+ oscillations in β-cells within individual islets. Furthermore, simultaneous Ca 2+ imaging in multiple islets revealed synchronized Ca 2+ oscillations among islets, which is the basis for pulsate insulin secretion that underlies the oscillation of blood insulin level. The present method is expected to help us gain deeper insight into the regulation of insulin secretion and diabetes.


The thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is currently a standard technology of gas turbine hot gas path parts to achieve a highly reliable long life operation of engines for a power supply. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD. (MHI) has applied the TBC on the gas turbine blades, vanes and combustor parts. TBC system consists of MCrAlY as a bondcoat for oxidation protection at elevated temperature and YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia) as a topcoat for efficient thermal barrier. The conditions where TBC has been in service are at the temperature up to 1500°C and with combustion gas environment. As far as the blades and the vanes are concerned, the MCrAlY bondcoat is coated by low pressure plasma spray (LPPS) or high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) system, and the YSZ topcoat is coated by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) system. In the case of the combustor parts, both the MCrAlY bondcoat and the YSZ topcoat are coated by APS. To increase the reliability and prolong the service life of the applied TBC in the gas turbine, it is very important to verify the coating properties, optimize the coating process parameters and control the coating process.


The effect of setting the gain control of a hearing aid to a position just lower than that required to produce audible oscillation was investigated in the condition where the main feedback pathway was an earmold vent of either diagonal (side-branch) or parallel configuration. Results indicated that, with this gain control setting, suboscillatory feedback effects were superimposed on the filtering effect of the earmold vent. The outcome was the formation of spurious peaks in the frequency response of the hearing aid. Most of the data were collected using a KEMAR manikin and the effects were confirmed by measurements made in real ear canals. It is recommended that this gain control setting be avoided in hearing aid fitting.


A method for measuring the radial profile of the lower‐hybrid‐driven current in a low‐density tokamak plasma using electron‐cyclotron wave attenuation is discussed. This diagnostic scheme is reminiscent of the transmission interferometry approach, commonly used in tokamaks to measure the plasma density, but now the wave amplitude instead of the phase is measured. Wave attenuation of the ordinary mode at ωp ≪ ω < ωc along vertical chords is measured; at these frequencies, the waves are absorbed by the superthermal tail sustained by lower‐hybrid waves and the local wave absorption coefficient is proportional to the noninductive current density. The radial profile of this current is obtained from Abel inversion. An application to the Tore Supra tokamak is presented.


Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, reflecting a dispositional orientation which, according to theory, is associated with coping and resiliency, was highlighted in a study focusing on the association between stressful life events and the development of suicidal ideation and behaviour in the young. During their first stressful week of basic training, 663 male Norwegian conscripts answered a questionnaire focusing on their lifetime and current suicidal ideation and behaviour. The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide was 21.7% and 2.6%, respectively. Suicide ideators and attempters had on average significantly lower SOC scores compared to respondents with no suicidal ideation or behaviour. Furthermore, a stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed SOC to be a good predictor of current suicidal ideation in this non‐clinical population, accounting for 21% of the total variance.


This study examines financial capacity of various types of rice farming households in the Mekong Delta. Household financial capacity was elicited and quantified through interviews with 449 households practicing rice-based farming systems in four agro-ecological zones of the Mekong Delta. Household net income, long-standing debt, and savings represent the three key parameters of household financial capacity. Analysis of farm size classes revealed that financial capacity was weak, especially among households with farms that were less than one hectare. Agricultural production was the primary component of household net income. The level of diversity of non-rice crops did not contribute significantly to increased household income. Net household income was positively correlated with farm size, land use circle (i.e., number of crops in a field), and non-farm activities. Mean household savings accounted for 27 percent of total net household income, and mean long-term debt was 11 percent of household savings. The low financial capacity of rice-based farming households introduces substantial challenges for Mekong Delta farmers to recover production costs caused by irregular weather patterns associated with climate change.


Immunotherapy strategies that are able to induce T cell infiltration into tumors and activate a cytotoxic T cell response have the potential to destroy the tumor. Although T cells can mediate clearance of a tumor, thymic selection and the suppressive microenvironment limit their effectiveness. To overcome poor tumor immunogenicity, we have developed a unique platform that enables the generation of ImmTACs (Immune-mobilising monoclonal TCRs Against Cancer); these are comprised of an affinity enhanced TCR specific for a cancer antigen fused to an anti-CD3 scFv. The TCR end targets and binds MHC class I/peptide complex displayed on cancerous cells while the anti-CD3 scFv end engages polyclonal T cells to mediate a potent anti-tumor response. The most advanced ImmTAC, IMCgp100, targets the HLA-A2/gp100280-288 epitope presented by melanoma cells. IMCgp100 is currently in a Phase I/IIa clinical trial for advance malignant melanoma and is showing promising clinical efficacy in some patients. Here we report a series of in vitro experiments evaluating IMCgp100 mechanism of action. IMCgp100 is able to redirect T cells from healthy donors or from melanoma patients to destroy cancer cells and secrete a range of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with T cell trafficking into tumors; some of these cytokines also induce upregulation of inhibitory pathway molecules. We show that effector memory cells in the CD8+ and CD4+ T cell compartments are very efficient in eliminating melanoma cells and in expanding upon IMCgp100 engagement. The effects of combining IMCgp100 with agents that relieve the suppression imposed by immune check-point molecules have also been investigated. Citation Format: Giovanna Bossi, Rupert Kenefeck, Caroline Caroline Boudousquie, Jane Harper, Joseph Dukes, Nathaniel Liddy, Samantha Paston, Tara Mahon, Peter Molloy, Malkit Sami, Emma Baston, Brian Cameron, Annelise Vuidepot, Namir Hassan, Bent K. Jakobsen. ImmTACs re-direct the immune system efficiently to eradicate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4873.


This study discusses the impact of trust and the acceptance of technology on consumer intention to purchase on line at www.kaskus.us. The focus of the study was to test whether privacy, security, trust, risk, perceived usefulness and ease of use influence student intention to purchase online. The sample taken are from Accounting Department Universitas Islam Indonesia students who purchase on line at the web site kaskus.us. The data were analyzed using multiple regression and SEM, then calculated with SmartPLS software. The results indicate that privacy and security have positive influence ontrust. Moreover, perceived usefulness and ease of use have positive and significant effect on interest in purchasing online. On the contrary trust have negative effect on the risk to buy online. Lastly, risk have negatively effect and not significant with the intention to purchase on line. Keywords:   security, privacy, trust, risk, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intention, online purchase


The case of a 19-year-old white female who presented with marked respiratory distress and pleuritic chest pain following freebased cocaine smoking is presented. A ventilation-perfusion scan revealed radioactive aerosol trapping in the large airways with multiple ventilation defects of the small airways, a finding compatible with reactive airway disease of the large airways and concomitant mucous plugging of the small airways. Freebased cocaine, impurities of the freebasing process, or admixtures to the freebased cocaine provided prior to smoking, are proposed as possible etiologies in what appears to be a condition of environmentally induced reactive airway disease, a previously unreported effect of cocaine use.


In this article we describe health care workers (HCWs') experiences and perceptions of meeting clients exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Qualitative content analysis of in-depth interviews from 16 informants resulted in four main themes. The first, "internalizing women's suffering and powerlessness," describes HCWs' perceptions of violence, relating it to gender relations. The second, "caught between encouraging disclosure and lack of support tools," refers to views on possibilities for transparency and openness. The third, "Why bother? A struggle to manage with limited resources," illustrates the consequences of a heavy workload. Last; "striving to make a difference," emphasizes a desire to improve abilities to support clients and advocate for prevention.


The United States is becoming more vulnerable to natural hazards mostly because of changes in population and national wealth density—more people and more societal infrastructure have become concentrated in disaster-prone areas. For most of the 20th century, the United States has been largely spared the expense of a catastrophic natural disaster. A great earthquake (magnitude 8 or larger) has not struck a major metropolitan area since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. An extreme or catastrophic hurricane (Class 4 or 5) has not struck directly a major urban area since the one that hit Miami, Florida, in 1926. Yet even without such disasters, which might create losses well over $100 billion, the overall costs of natural hazards, such as extreme weather, drought, and wildfires, are estimated at $54 billion per year for the past 5 years, or approximately $1 billion per week [National Science and Technology Council, 1997].


This paper reports the investigation of the chiral interaction between 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) enantiomers and an immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral phase. For that, suspended-state high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H HR-MAS NMR) was used. 1H HR-MAS longitudinal relaxation time and Saturation Transfer Difference (STD NMR) titration experiments were carried out yielding information at the molecular level of the transient diastereoisomeric complexes of MDMA enantiomers and the chiral stationary phase. The interaction of the enantiomers takes place through the aromatic moiety of MDMA and the aromatic group of the chiral selector by π-π stacking for both enantiomers; however, a stronger interaction was observed for the (R)-enantiomer, which is the second one to elute at the chromatographic conditions.


This study aims to simultaneously forecast and investigate the optimization process characterization of the design of controlled parameters in the injection process of polypropylene molding including injection pressure combination, clamping force, injection temperature, injection speed, and holding time, and their interaction to produce qualified plastic by minimizing defects. The experimental methods used the central composite design of response surface method with five factors and a variety of levels. This method is more effective because it is an improvement on and a development from previous studies—especially those related to the plastic molding process. Additionally, it can simultaneously predict and optimize the obtaining of the highest quality plastic products as well as minimizing defects. The results are in the form of a combination of control level factors and interactions among the factors that generate the robust output of plastic products with minimum defects. Moreover, the optimum settings of the parameters provides a global solution at an injection temperature of 275°C, injection pressure of 75 bar, injection speed of 98%, clamping force of 88 tons, and a holding time of 8 seconds to generate a response to product probability defects by 0.0062. The benefit is that it can reveal the behavior and characteristics of parameter design and their interactions in the plastic injection molding process to produce qualified plastics and minimize product defects.


OBJECTIVE
Although stigma associated with serious mental illness, substance abuse disorders, and depression has been studied very little is known about stigma associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study explored stigma related to PTSD among treatment-seeking Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) combat veterans.

METHOD
Sixteen treatment-seeking OEF/OIF veterans with combat-related PTSD participated in focus groups. We used qualitative methods to explore PTSD-related stigma.

RESULTS
Common perceived stereotypes of treatment-seeking veterans with PTSD included labels such as "dangerous/violent," or "crazy," and a belief that combat veterans are responsible for having PTSD. Most participants reported avoiding treatment early on to circumvent a label of mental illness. Participants initially reported experiencing some degree of self-stigma; however, following engagement in treatment they predominantly resisted these stereotypes. Although most participants considered combat-related PTSD as less stigmatizing than other mental illnesses, they reported difficulties with reintegration. Such challenges likely stem from both PTSD symptoms and veterans' perceptions of how the public views them. Most reported that fellow combat veterans best understood them.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Awareness of public stereotypes impacts help seeking at least early in the course of illness. Peer-based outreach and therapy groups may help veterans engage in treatment early and resist stigma.


This paper proposes an original method for UHF band radio propagation measurements by use of existing TV broadcasting waves and describes how to develop a mobile measurement system for UHF band radio propagation in mobile outdoor environments. And the paper shows measurement limitation, frequency selectivity, antenna directivity and temperature characteristics of our developed measurement system. As a result of experiments in UHF band radio propagation, the paper shows the received level contour map of Hiroshima City. This map clarifies that the received level is dependent on the surrounding features.


In this paper, we present a method for epileptic seizure prediction from intracranial EEG recordings. We applied correlation dimension, a nonlinear dynamics based univariate characteristic measure for extracting features from EEG segments. Finally, we designed a fuzzy rule-based system for seizure prediction. The system is primarily designed based on expert's knowledge and reasoning. A spatial-temporal filtering method was used in accordance with the fuzzy rule-based inference system for issuing forecasting alarms. The system was evaluated on EEG data from 10 patients having 15 seizures.


The research presented in this thesis aimed to apply the approach provided by situational crime prevention (SCP) to the prison environment to explore the usefulness of closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance. SCP has rarely been applied to the prison environment and few studies have explored the effectiveness of CCTV in prison. Four overarching research questions were addressed: (1) What is the nature of CCTV surveillance in prison?, (2) 'What purposes are associated with CCTV surveillance in prison?, (3) How effective is CCTV surveillance at achieving its intended purposes?, and (4) 'What drawbacks are associated with CCTV in prison environments? Aspects of each of these overarching research questions were addressed through three studies conducted at four prisons. The first study explored the nature of CCTV surveillance in prison by examining the CCTV system and operational options that had been adopted in prison and managers attitudes regarding the purposes, effectiveness, and drawbacks of CCTV. This study was based on content analyses of legislation and procedure, information about the CCTV systems in prison, physical audits of prisons (r-4), and interviews (n6) that were conducted with managers. Findings based on content analyses of legislation and procedure indicated that CCTV was used to monitor visits, detention units, and observation units. Additional hardware that had been integrated with CCTV systems suggested that access control, fence security, and improving the safety of personnel wearing personal distress monitors were purposes of camera surveillance. Managers indicated that CCTV served a wider range of purposes (prevention, detection, improving safety, gathering evidence, and access control) but raised some doubt regarding the effectiveness of CCTV due to the way it was used.
Given the doubt raised by managers regarding the efficacy of CCIV surveillance in prison, the second study explored officer and prisoner attitudes regarding the purposes, effectiveness, and drawbacks of CCTV surveillance in prison. This study was based on surveys that were conducted with officers (11=136) and prisoners (ii=193) from four prisons. The purposes and effectiveness of CCTV surveillance were examined on the basis of whether camera surveillance was believed to be targeted at officers, prisoners, or visitors. Findings indicated that officers and prisoners attached a wide range of purposes to CCTV surveillance but believed CCTV was ineffective at achieving many of these purposes for particular users of the environment. The negative or controlling aspects of CCTV surveillance were viewed as being targeted at prisoners or visitors while the beneficial effect of CCTV at improving safety was viewed as being targeted at officers. Safety and the effect that CCTV had on safety were examined using the approach provided by SCP. Findings indicated that camera surveillance had a positive impact on safety. Drawbacks that were attached by officers tended to focus on system deficiencies while prisoners emphasised the impact that camera surveillance had on privacy. The third study used archival operational data to deternthe how effective CCTV surveillance was at preventing prisoner misbehaviour at four prisons and to explore whether camera surveillance was more effective at preventing or displacing instrumental than hostile prisoner-on-prisoner assaults. Findings suggested that camera surveillance was associated with lower levels of misbehaviour. Weapon status (no/yes) and the number of perpetrators (one/more than one) were used as proxies to determine whether assaults were hostile or instrumental. A greater proportion of instrumental assaults were found to occur in locations that were not under camera surveillance, suggesting that they had either been prevented or displaced by camera surveillance. Overall, the findings suggest that the benefits of CCTV in ptison were not fully realised due to the way camera surveillance was used. Factors impacting on the effectiveness of CCIV included that a passive monitoring strategy was used, the lack of or inability to constantly monitor or record the camera system, and the existence of blind-spots. Findings also suggested that CCIV may be more useful at preventing instrumental rather than hostile assaults. Despite these findings, evidence suggested that CCTV had a positive effect on safety and prisoner misbehaviour. The implications of these findings are discussed.


Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular events. The functions of sumoylation are often mediated by downstream effector proteins harboring SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) that are composed of a hydrophobic core and a stretch of acidic residues. MBD1-containing chromatin-associated factor 1 (MCAF1), a transcription repressor, interacts with SUMO-2/3 and SUMO-1, with a preference for SUMO-2/3. We used NMR spectroscopy to solve the solution structure of the SIM of MCAF1 bound to SUMO-3. The hydrophobic core of the SIM forms a parallel β-sheet pairing with strand β2 of SUMO-3, whereas its C-terminal acidic stretch seems to mediate electrostatic interactions with a surface area formed by basic residues of SUMO-3. The significance of these electrostatic interactions was shown by mutations of both SUMO-3 and MCAF1. The present structural and biochemical data suggest that the acidic stretch of the SIM of MCAF1 plays an important role in the binding to SUMO-3.


Bloom filters (BF) are widely used for approximate membership queries over a set of elements. BF variants allow removals, sets of unbounded size or querying a sliding window over an unbounded stream. However, for this last case the best current approaches are dictionary based (e.g., based on Cuckoo Filters or TinyTable), and it may seem that BF-based approaches will never be competitive to dictionary-based ones. In this paper we present Age-Partitioned Bloom Filters, a BF-based approach for duplicate detection in sliding windows that not only is competitive in time-complexity, but has better space usage than current dictionary-based approaches (e.g., SWAMP), at the cost of some moderate slack. APBFs retain the BF simplicity, unlike dictionary-based approaches, important for hardware-based implementations, and can integrate known improvements such as double hashing or blocking. We present an Age-Partitioned Blocked Bloom Filter variant which can operate with 2-3 cache-line accesses per insertion and around 2-4 per query, even for high accuracy filters.


Abstract A new lithostratigraphy is presented for the Skiddaw Group (lower Ordovician) of the English Lake District. Two stratigraphical belts are described. Five formations are defined in the Northern Fells Belt, ranging in age from Tremadoc to early Llanvirn. They are all mudstone or sandstone dominated, of turbidite origin; in ascending order they are named the Bitter Beck, Watch Hill, Hope Beck, Loweswater and Kirk Stile formations. Two formations are defined in the Central Fells Belt, ranging in age from late Arenig to Llanvirn. These are the Buttermere Formation – a major olistostrome deposit – overlain by the Tarn Moor Formation, consisting of turbidite mudstones with volcaniclastic turbidite sandstone beds. A revised graptolite and new acritarch biostratigraphy for the Skiddaw Group is presented with eight graptolite biozones and thirteen acritarch assemblages and sub-assemblages. The provenance of the group is assessed from detailed petrographical and geochemical work. This suggests derivation, in the early Ordovician, largely from an old inactive continental arc terrane lying to the southeast, with the appearance of juvenile volcanic material in the Llanvirn. Comparisons and correlations of the Skiddaw Group are made with the Isle of Man and eastern Ireland.


In the seventh century the kingdom of Samarkand sent formal gifts of fancy yellow peaches, large as goose eggs and with a color like gold, to the Chinese court at Ch'ang-an. What kind of fruit these golden peaches really were cannot now be guessed, but they have the glamour of mystery, and they symbolize all the exotic things longed for, and unknown things hoped for, by the people of the T'ang empire. This book examines the exotics imported into China during the T'ang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907), and depicts their influence on Chinese life. Into the land during the three centuries of T'ang came the natives of almost every nation of Asia, all bringing exotic wares either as gifts or as goods to be sold.Ivory, rare woods, drugs, diamonds, magicians, dancing girls - the author covers all classes of unusual imports, their places of origin, their lore, their effort on costume, dwellings, diet, and on painting, sculpture, music, and poetry. This book is not a statistical record of commercial imports and medieval trade, but rather a "humanistic essay, however material its subject matter."


Increased incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prerequisite for searching new therapeutic approaches, primarily with an opportunity of site-directed impact on the colon lesion. UC pathogenesis is associated with dysregulated immune response, and limited effectiveness of basic therapy for the disorder. Vitamin D3 exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other properties, it has been shown to be effective in some autoimmune diseases, thus prompting us to study its effect on immune status in UC. We aimed for studying the effect of vitamin D3, as a component of original rectal suppositories, upon clinical course and indexes of immune status in experimental UC. UC in rats was modeled with 3% oxazolone solution. The vitamin D3-containing suppositories (1500 IU) weighing 300 mg were administered per rectum every 12 hours for 6 days. On days 2, 4 and 6 of UC, the clinical features were assessed as well as blood leukocyte counts, numbers of CD3 + , CD45RA + ; absorbing and NBT-reducing abilities of blood neutrophils were determined; IgM, IgG, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in serum were also studied. The DAI index increased in non-treated UC, along with raised neutrophil numbers in blood, their absorption and NBT-reducing activity was also increased, the total number of lymphocytes, including CD3 + , CD45RA + became higher, serum concentrations of IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 increased. Local use of vitamin D3 in UC reduces DAI parameters, causes decrease in blood neutrophil counts, reducing and partially restoring absorptive and NBT-reducing abilities of neutrophils, decline of total lymphocyte counts in blood, partially restoring the CD3 + and CD45RA+ numbers, causing decline and partial restoration of serum IgM, IgG, IL-6, IL-8 concentrations. An association between clinical signs and indexes of immune status in UC was established under the conditions of vitamin D3 use. Conclusions: The protective effect of vitamin D3 in UC can be mediated by its antioxidant effect, changes in production of immunoregulatory cytokines, modulation of Th1-, Th2-, Th17-dependent reactions and Treg activity, being a pre-requisite for further studies to clarify the mechanism of vitamin D3 immunotropic action in UC,with an opportunity of using it in clinical practice.


The spatiotemporal development of electron densities within homogeneous overvolted discharges in N2 is investigated by optical means during the early build-up phases. The use of photomultiplier techniques rather than image devices enables a quantitative comparison between experiment and one-dimensional model calculations. The influences of space-charge fields and photosuccessors on discharge development are investigated. Considerable electron densities are also detected in front of the primary avalanche even during the early, field-distortion-free stages of the development.


This paper aims to investigate an emerging method for delivering online learning for the purposes of staff development. This teaching method, named Bite Sized Learning (BSL), is based on the following principles: 1. Course length is short, around one or two weeks. 2. One task is delivered each day. 3. Tasks are short, around 30 minutes. The intention of BSL is to meet the commonly cited needs of work based learners – flexibility in time, place and mode of consumption – and enable more accessible and more effective staff development in higher education. To this end, BSL is underpinned by research in work based learning, just in time learning, communities of practice and human attention spans. This study relates to a qualitative study carried out on a series of BSL courses, delivered to academic staff at Edinburgh Napier from 2012 to 2014. Staff members took part in four instances of the course and were asked for feedback on their experience. A thematic analysis process was carried out on this feedback in order to determine the effectiveness of BSL, the advantages it brings and ways in which it can be developed. Thematic analysis showed that BSL was very well received by participants and that it carries a number of advantages over traditional one-block methods of staff development. Evidence is presented to show that BSL enables effective learning and allows academic staff to participate in development when they otherwise could not. The daily delivery format was found to increase the priority of online learning and build motivation to complete each task, while keeping the tasks short and focused reduced the mental barriers to students in beginning the work. The analysis forms the basis for a BSL model of learning, and avenues of future development are proposed.


In the last few years, the number of patients with chronic diseases requiring constant monitoring increased rapidly, which motivates researchers to develop scalable remote health applications. Nevertheless, the amount of transmitted real-time data through current dynamic networks with limited and restricted bandwidth, end-to-end delay, and transmission power; limits having an efficient transmission of the data. Motivated by the high energy consumed for transmission, applying data reduction techniques to the vital signs at the transmitter side present an efficient edge-based approach that significantly reduces the transmission energy. However, a new problem arises, which is the ability of receiving the data at the server side with an acceptable distortion rate (i.e., deformation of vital signs because of inefficient data reduction). In this paper, we introduce a Deep Learning (DL) approach based on Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE), to compress and reconstruct the vital signs in general and Electroencephalogram Signal (EEG) specifically with minimum distortion. The results show that using CAE provides efficient distortion rate while maximizing compression ratio. However, learning makes CAE application-specific, where each CAE model is designed specifically for a certain application.


Cadmium sulfide sulfonatedpoly (styrene-divinylbenzene) [CdS/SO 3 H-P(S-DVB)] nano composites with different CdS contents were successfully synthesized by ion exchange and precipitation processes at SO 3 H-P(S-DVB) matrix. The characterized, dielectric property and ionic conductivity of the nano composites were also examined. The polymermatrix and the chemical interaction between CdS nano particleswith polymer were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The CdS nano particles was confirmed from Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet - Visible (DR UV-Vis), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analysis results. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques were used to observe the particle size of the nano composites,while amorphology of the nano composites was also investigated using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) techniques. The SEM and TEM studies showed that the CdS nano particles are attached on the surface of polymer matrix. Dielectric property and ionic conductivity of the nano composites have been studied using an Impedance Analyzer, respectively. Present study shows that the influence of CdS nano particles loading levels on the dielectric property and ionic conductivity of the nano composites. The dielectric constant and ionic conductivity of the CdS/SO 3 H-P(S-DVB) nano composites decreased with increasing content of CdS nano particles as effect replacing of proton by CdS nano particles, respectively. Keywords: Cadmium sulfide-sulfonatedpoly (styrene-divinylbenzene), Nano composites, Dielectric property, Ionic conductivity.


Phosphoramido acid esters (CH3)2NP(O)X(p-OC6H4-CH3) (containing P-Cl (1), P-O (2), P-F (3), P-CN (5), and P-N (4,6) bonds, X for 2, 4 and 6 is OCH3, (C2H5)2N and morpholin) have been synthesized to investigate the structure-activity study of AChE enzyme inhibition, through the parameters logP, δ31P and IC50. After their characterization by 31P, 31P{1H}, 13C, 1H NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy, the parameters logP and δ31P (31P chemical shift in NMR) were used to evaluated the lipophilicity and electronical properties. The ability of compounds to inhibit human AChE was predicted by PASS software (version 1.193), and experimentally evaluated by a modified Ellman's assay.


In multi-converter power electronic systems, different power electronic converters are integrated together to form a complex and extensively interconnected system. In general, there are two kinds of loads in these systems. One group is conventional loads, which have positive incremental impedance characteristics. They are mainly considered as constant voltage loads that require regulated voltage for their operation. The other group is tightly regulated power electronic converters and motor drives sinking constant power from their input buses. The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the dynamic interactions between these loads in the multi-converter DC power electronic systems. Furthermore, a nonlinear robust stabilizing controller based on the feedback linearization technique for DC/DC PWM converters is presented.


programmes are 'likely to influence viewers' political opinions only to the extent of confirming those they already hold' (p. 125). Crameri argues that 'without social media and the internet, the Catalan independence movement could not possibly have progressed so far in such a short space of time' (p. 27), yet her book is devoid of any analysis which examines this very topic. In the concluding chapter she acknowledges that further research is required in this field, but perhaps inclusion of this area would help strengthen what is a well-researched and detailed but clear and critical study. This shortcoming aside, the interdisciplinary character of the book, indisputably its main strength, makes it relevant and accessible for scholars and students alike.


Drawing upon extensive oral history interviews and long scale participantobservation in two London churches, an ethnically diverse Catholic parish inCanning Town and a predominantly West-African Pentecostal congregationin Peckham, this article compares and contrasts differing Christian expressionsand understandings of 'civic engagement' and gendered articulations of laysocial 'ministry' through prayer, religious praxis and local politics. Throughcommunity organizing and involvement in the third sector, but also throughspiritual activities like the 'Catholic Prayer Ministry' and 'deliverance', Catholicsand Pentecostals are shown to be re-mapping London – a city ripe for reversemission – through contesting 'secularist' and implicitly gendered distinctionsbetween the public and private/domestic, and the spiritual and political. Greaterscholarly appreciation of these subjective understandings of civic engagementand social activism is important for fully recognizing the agency of lay people,and particularly women often marginalized in church-based and institutionalhierarchies, in articulating and actuating their call to Christian citizenship andthe (re)sacralization of the city.


BACKGROUND
Practice concerns associated with the medical prescription and nurses' administration and monitoring of sedatives, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents were identified by the clinical nurse specialist within a surgical intensive care unit of a large, tertiary-care referral center. These concerns were identified using a variety of needs assessment strategies. Results of the needs assessment were used to develop a program of care, including a teaching initiative, specific to these practice areas.

METHODS
The teaching initiative incorporated principles of andragogy, the theory of adult learning. Educational techniques included inservice education, bedside instruction using "teaching moments," competency-based education modules, and integration of instruction into critical care orientation. Content and approach were based on the background and level of experience of participants.

RESULTS
Educational program outcomes included increased consistency in monitoring neuromuscular blockade by clinical assessment and peripheral nerve stimulation. A second outcome was more accurate patient assessment leading to the provision of drug therapy specific to the patients' clinical states, including anxiety or pain.

CONCLUSION
The continuous quality improvement approach offers a model for improving patient care using individualized needs assessment, focused educational interventions, and program evaluation strategies.


We have studied the secretion of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamic explants of male rats at different ages in an attempt to delineate the neuroendocrine mechanism of the onset of puberty. In this paper, we review some of our recent studies and we provide evidence of a dual control played by receptors to neuroexcitatory amino acids. We showed previously that isolated explants of rat hypothalamus could secrete GnRH in a pulsatile manner. The onset of puberty was characterized by a 2-fold increase in frequency of GnRH secretory pulses. This reduction of the interval between GnRH pulses involved an inhibitory autofeedback effect of GnRH on the pulse generator which was shut off following a secretory episode. This period of refractoriness was longer before puberty than after the onset of puberty. Activation of receptors to neuroexcitatory amino acids (N-methyl-D-aspartate; NMDA-type) was involved in the mechanism of pulsatile GnRH secretion. Striking developmental changes in NMDA-receptor-mediated GnRH secretion were demonstrated with a maximal activity around the time of the onset of puberty. Similar changes occurred in orchidectomized animals, indicating that this maturational process was gonad-independent. While evidence accumulated that NMDA receptors were involved in a stimulatory control of GnRH secretion, we found that NMDA receptors mediated an inhibitory effect on GnRH secretion. This inhibitory effect was very potent in the immature hypothalamus and it showed a marked reduction in potency before onset of puberty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus is able to infect many hosts and replicates in high levels in the respiratory tract especially in the lungs of poultry inducing severe lung lesions. In addition to that, HPAI also causes acute deaths as it also affects the brain inducing neuropathology and acute encephalitis. In our research endeavour, we are trying to establish and compare differences in the replication pathway (i) of H5N1 virus in three different host, and we chose to determine the transcriptomes regulated in three normal hosts that can be infected with this virus, that is the lungs from H5NI-infected chickens, primary chicken embryo lung cells and another mammalian tissue culture host i.e. Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells (ii) of two different viruses that cause lesions in the same organs or tissues. In this case we chose, H5N1 and Newcastle disease virus that cause neuropathology in the brains of infected chickens. The main aim here is to demonstrate whether brain neuropathology follow similar pathway in any viral infections through the regulation of its transcriptomes. We realized that through our preliminary studies, the host cellular responses in different organ and cell cultures and of different viruses that cause pathology in the same organs were substantially different from each other. This is demonstrated by the regulation of different sets of differentially expressed transcripts participating in viral replication in each of the experiments. (iii) Finally, we chose to study the protein-protein interactions of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) with cDNA of chicken lungs (main site of infection), in attempts to elucidate the mechanisms of H5N1 viral replication. We identified a novel interaction between H5N1 NP and chicken Aly/REF; a cellular RNA export adaptor protein. Mammalian two hybrid and molecular docking studies showed that NP from different subtypes also binds to both chicken and human Aly/REF. NP and Aly/REF co-localize primarily in the nucleus. siRNA knockdown of Aly/REF had little effect on the export of NP and other viral RNA as there were no significant reductions in virus yields in knockdown infected cells. Interestingly, knockdown of UAP56, another member of the TREX complex showed significant reduction in viral titer in influenza infected cells, suggesting the possible role played by this TREX complex in nucleocytoplasmic transport of viral mRNA. Another interesting finding from our yeast two hybrid screen was the interaction between NP and both the SRSF3 and 9G8. Again, we used mammalian two hybrid and molecular docking to show NP from different subtypes also binds to both chicken and human SRSF3 and 9G8. NP and both the SRSF3 and 9G8 also co-localizes primarily in the nucleus. siRNA knockdown of SRSF3 and 9G8 showed reduction in virus yields in infected cells, suggesting that they also may play a role in aiding viral RNA export. Overall, our data have contributed in understanding the complex interplay between the host and H5N1, specifically on the host cell responses during infection and also how the virus hijacks the host cellular machinery for its own survival.


A deep surface modified TiZr layer was fabricated by high-intensity low-energy titanium ion implantation into zirconium alloy Zr-1Nb. Gas-phase hydrogenation was performed to evaluate protective properties of the modified layer against hydrogen permeation into Zr-1Nb alloy. The effects of ion implantation and hydrogen on microstructure, phase composition and elemental distribution of TiZr layer were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy, respectively. It was revealed that TiZr layer (~10 μm thickness) is represented by α′ + α(TiZr) lamellar microstructure with gradient distribution of Ti through the layer depth. It was shown that the formation of TiZr layer provides significant reduction of hydrogen uptake by zirconium alloy at 400 and 500 °C. Hydrogenation of the modified layer leads to refinement of lamellar plates and formation of more homogenous microstructure. Hydrogen desorption from Ti-implanted Zr-1Nb alloy was analyzed by thermal desorption spectroscopy. Hydrogen interaction with the surface modified TiZr layer, as well as its resistance properties, are discussed.


The huge amount of data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices needs the computational power and storage capacity provided by cloud, edge, and fog computing paradigms. Each of these computing paradigms has its own pros and cons. Cloud computing provides enhanced data storage and computing power but causes high communication latency. Edge and fog computing provide similar services with lower latency but limited capacity, capability, and coverage. A single computing paradigm cannot fulfill all the requirements of IoT devices and a federation between them is needed to extend their capacity, capability, and services. This federation is beneficial to both subscribers and providers and also reveals research issues in traffic offloading between clouds, edges, and fogs. Optimization has traditionally been used to solve the problem of traffic offloading. However, in such a complex federated system, traditional optimization cannot keep up with the strict latency requirements of decision-making, ranging from milliseconds to sub-seconds. Machine learning approaches, especially reinforcement learning, are consequently becoming popular because they could quickly solve offloading problems in dynamic environments with some unknown information. This study provides a novel federal classification between cloud, edge, and fog and presents a comprehensive research roadmap on offloading for different federated scenarios. We survey the relevant literature on the various optimization approaches used to solve this offloading problem and compare their salient features. We then provide a comprehensive survey on offloading in federated systems with machine learning approaches and the lessons learned as a result of these surveys. Finally, we outline several directions for future research and challenges that have to be faced in order to achieve such a federation.


Transcription of a communication from the Supreme Government of the State praising recent actions taken to sustain a local garrison: "…because of those measures the public peace was never threatened, nor was your authority, and neither did the honorable citizenry take part in some revolutionary movements that can and must be considered the worst of criminal acts." 3 pp.


Abstract Moulded interconnect devices (MIDs) are plastic substrates with electrical infrastructure. The fabrication of MIDs is usually based on injection moulding, and different process chains may be identified from this starting point. The use of MIDs has been driven primarily by the automotive sector, but recently, the medical sector seems more and more interested. In particular, the possibility of miniaturisation of three-dimensional components with electrical infrastructure is attractive. The present paper describes possible manufacturing routes and challenges of miniaturised MIDs based on two-component injection moulding and subsequent metallisation. This technology promises cost effective and convergent manufacturing approaches for both macro- and microapplications. This paper presents the results of industrial MID production based on two-component injection moulding and discusses the important issues for MID production that can modulate the qualities of final MID. The results and discussion presented here can be a valuable user guide for mass production of moulded interconnect devices.


Background: Bangladesh has been struggling to reduce the prevalence of childhood undernutrition, which impedes physical and mental capability and accelerates morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The objective of the paper is to examine the changes over time in the association between potential covariates and nutritional status of Bangladeshi children. Methods: The study combined and analyzed data from six waves of Demographic and Health Surveys between 1997 and 2014. Multivariable binary logistic regression models have been fitted to data from individual waves. Overall association has been investigated using forest plots, and meta-regression has been utilized to assess the pace of change in the association over time. Results: Parental education and place of residence showed a consistent association with nutritional status of children. Children from parents with no little education were more likely to be undernourished than those from parents with secondary or higher level of education (odds ratio [OR] in 1997 = 3.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.65–4.22, OR in 2004 = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.58–2.37). On the other hand, gaps in the association of wealth and childhood nutrition have been widening consistently so that in 2014 children from households from the lowest 40% wealth category were 2.66 times (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 2.13–3.33) as likely as to be undernourished than those from upper 20%. Conclusions: The findings have policy implications in terms of developing programs directed to mothers with a relatively poor socioeconomic background. A specific example would be providing nutritional education in relation to importance of childhood nutrition or cheaper nutritious food.


The reliable operation of a swing check valve in the main feed water system of a power plant is most essential for successful shout-down process. A failure to close the valve at proper time often leads to the instability of the main feed water system, or even to an emergency stop of the power plant. In reality it is a very difficult task to monitor the behavior of a swing check valve. Furthermore it is impossible to see the motion of the valve. In this work two measurements were carried out simultaneously to determine the precise valve closure time. The dynamic pressure measurements were made at the inlet and outlet regions of the swing check valve. The transient vibration of the valve housing in the direction of water flow was also measured, which enabled the measurement of the transient vibration of the valve housing near valve closure. By comparing the results produced from these measurements the precise valve closure time could be determined. By carrying out order tracking technique using the dynamic pressure signals and pump rpm signal, the complicated dynamic problems inside the main feed water system can be more easily dealt with. This measurement scheme might be implemented in a power plant on a real-time basis without much difficulty. If this could be implemented, valuable information essential for shut-down operations can readily be passed on to the main control room. The feasibility of this implementation was demonstrated by this experimental work.


Antibodies and other new antibody-like formats have emerged as one of the most rapidly growing classes of biotherapeutic proteins. Understanding the structural features that drive antibody function and, consequently, their molecular recognition is critical for engineering antibodies. Here, we present the structural architecture of conventional IgG antibodies alongside other formats. We emphasize the importance of considering antibodies as conformational ensembles in solution instead of focusing on single-static structures because their functions and properties are strongly governed by their dynamic nature. Thus, in this review, we provide an overview of the unique structural and dynamic characteristics of antibodies with respect to their antigen recognition, biophysical properties, and effector functions. We highlight the numerous technical advances in antibody structure prediction and design, enabled by the vast number of experimentally determined high-quality structures recorded with cryo-EM, NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Lastly, we assess antibody and vaccine design strategies in the context of structure and dynamics.


Focusing on such metaphors as communion and cannibalism in a wide range of Western literary works, Maggie Kilgour examines the opposition between outside and inside and the strategies of incorporation by which it is transcended. This opposition is basic to literature in that it underlies other polarities such as those between form and content, the literal and metaphorical, source and model. Kilgour demonstrates the usefulness of incorporation as a subsuming metaphor that describes the construction and then the dissolution of opposites or separate identities in a text: the distinction between outside and inside, essentially that of eater and eaten, is both absolute and unreciprocal and yet fades in the process of ingestion--as suggested in the saying "you are what you eat."Kilgour explores here a fable of identity central to Western thought that represents duality as the result of a fall from a primal symbiotic unity to which men have longed to return. However, while incorporation can be desired as the end of alienation, it can also be feared as a form of regression through which individual identity is lost. Beginning with the works of Homer, Ovid, Augustine, and Dante, Kilgour traces the ambivalent attitude toward incorporation throughout Western literature. She examines the Eucharist as a model for internalization in Renaissance texts, addresses the incorporation of past material in the nineteenth century, and concludes with a discussion of the role of incorporation in cultural theory today.


In a deep aquifer associated with an accretionary prism, significant methane (CH4) is produced by a subterranean microbial community. Here, we developed bioreactors for producing CH4 and hydrogen (H2) using anaerobic groundwater collected from the deep aquifer. To generate CH4, the anaerobic groundwater amended with organic substrates was incubated in the bioreactor. At first, H2 was detected and accumulated in the gas phase of the bioreactor. After the H2 decreased, rapid CH4 production was observed. Phylogenetic analysis targeting 16S rRNA genes revealed that the H2‐producing fermentative bacterium and hydrogenotrophic methanogen were predominant in the reactor. The results suggested that syntrophic biodegradation of organic substrates by the H2‐producing fermentative bacterium and the hydrogenotrophic methanogen contributed to the CH4 production. For H2 production, the anaerobic groundwater, amended with organic substrates and an inhibitor of methanogens (2‐bromoethanesulfonate), was incubated in a bioreactor. After incubation for 24 h, H2 was detected from the gas phase of the bioreactor and accumulated. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested the dominance of the H2‐producing fermentative bacterium in the reactor. Our study demonstrated a simple and rapid CH4 and H2 production utilizing anaerobic groundwater containing an active subterranean microbial community.


Dam removal is an increasingly common stream restoration tool. Yet, removing dams from small streams also represents a major disturbance to rivers that can have varied impacts on environmental conditions and aquatic biota. We examined the effects of dam removal on the structure, function, and composition of benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities in a temperate New England stream. We examined the effects of dam removal over the dam removal time-series using linear mixed effects models, autoregressive models, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and indicator and similarity analyses. The results indicated that the dam removal stimulated major shifts in BMI community structure and composition above and below the dam, and that the BMI communities are becoming more similar over time. The mixed model analysis revealed that BMI functional groups and diversity were significantly influenced by sample site and several BMI groups also experienced significant interactions between site and dam stage (P < 0.05), while the multivariate analyses revealed that community structure continues to differ among sites, even three years after dam removal. Our findings indicate that stream restoration through dam removal can have site-specific influences on BMI communities, that interactions among BMI taxa are important determinants of the post-dam removal community, and that the post-dam-removal BMI community continues to be in a state of reorganization.


This study examines the reading and writing strategies of one student, Yuko, over a 3-year period and traces the process she went through to acquire college-level academic literacy in English, her second language. Multiple data sources included interviews with the student and two of her political science professors, classroom observations, and texts from 10 courses in three disciplines—including course materials and the student's writing, with instructors' comments. The investigation was enriched by a cross-cultural perspective, for Yuko described learning strategies in two languages and learning environments in two countries, Japan and the United States. Data analysis suggests that her educational background shaped her approach to U.S. academic discourse practices and the way she theorized about those practices. Her theory and her analysis of her own experience changed over time, raising questions about cross-cultural interpretations of student learning.


Water resource scarcity increases societal instability, poverty, and economic recession. Therefore, sound water resource management is vital to alleviating water crises in the agricultural, domestic, and industrial sectors. Southeast Iran, which currently lacks good water resource management, is experiencing a severe water crisis. Taking Zabol and Zahedan as examples, this paper seeks to optimize water allocation between the two cities using a dynamic bi-level programming model; the upper level objective minimizes the deviation between water demand and supply, and the lower level objective maximizes the net economic benefits in each sector. A sensitivity analysis is then conducted on the different sources of available water to provide more information on water allocation over time.


We are presenting a case of renal failure with anti-GBM and p-ANCA antibodies positive. Patients with dual antibodies are considered to be a vasculitis-variant of anti-GBM antibody nephritis. These patients may have atypical presentation and it may delay diagnosis and treatment. Recurrence rate is higher in these patients. We reviewed the literature of cases and studies on cresenteric glomerulonephritis with anti-GBM and p-ANCA positive patients. We recommend that patients suspected with pulmonary-renal syndrome should be checked for anti-GBM and p-ANCA antibodies, should undergo renal biopsy and should should have close long term follow up to watch for recurrence.


A remotely maintainable force-reflecting servomanipulator concept is being developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as part of the Consolidated Fuel Reprocessing Program. This new manipulator addresses requirements of advanced nuclear fuel reprocessing with emphasis on force reflection, remote maintainability, reliability, radiation tolerance, and corrosion resistance. The advanced servomanipulator is uniquely subdivided into remotely replaceable modules which will permit in situ manipulator repair by spare module replacement. Manipulator modularization and increased reliability are accomplished through a force transmission system that uses gears and torque tubes. Digital control algorithms and mechanical precision are used to offset the increased backlash, friction, and inertia resulting from the gear drives. This results in the first remotely maintainable force-reflecting servomanipulator in the world. 10 references, 4 figures, 1 table.


. The feasibility of numerical simulation of kinetic processes in narrow-gar, semiconductors under heavy field emission current is demonstrated. The description of the conduction-band electron behaviour based on the kinetic approach to the process of electron field emission from semiconductors is carried out using the particle method. The three-dimensional character of electron scattering in the momentum space by the phonons and ionized impurities is taken into account. Impact ionization initiated by electrons is also considered as the essential electron energy dissipation mechanism lor narrow-gap semiconductors. On the basis of the numerical results for a onedimensional n-InSb-emitter structure it is found that at room temperature substantial electron gas cooling takes place near the n-InSbvacuum interface and the emission process is governed by thermalized electmns from the r valley.


Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation route at 80 °C. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) confirmed cubic inverse spinel structure of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The average crystallite size of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles estimated by X-ray line profile fitting was 12±2 nm for high intensity peak (311). The particle size, distribution and surface morphology was estimated using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with average particle size of 16±2 nm. Raman spectra of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibits phonon modes corresponding to tetrahedral sites (679 cm) and octahedral sites (465 cm) respectively. The saturation magnetization MS for CoFe2O4 sample is found to be 63 and 82 emu/g at 300 K and 10 K respectively. The cubic magnetic anisotropy constant K1 and saturation magnetization MS are obtained by fitting M versus H isotherm to the saturation approach law. By fitting, K1 and MS is 2.16 x10 J∕m and 66 emu/g respectively at 300 K. The cubic magnetic anisotropy constant K1 = 5.49 ×10 J∕m is evaluated at blocking temperature of 144 K. The particle size and L−S coupling is responsible for superparamagnetic behaviour of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Fitting of FC curve provides Curie temperature at TC = 823K using modified Bloch's law for CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Tunable particle sizes by controlling the magnetic anisotropy and L−S coupling will tailor magnetic properties and usage in bio-medical applications. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.


At the turn of the millennium, several much-noticed studies on the rapid assessment of musical genres by very short excerpts ("plinks") have been published. While at first the research mostly focused on clips of popular pieces of music, the recognition of elements in the millisecond range has since been attracting growing attention in general. Although previous studies point to surprisingly short durations of exposure for above-chance genre recognition (mostly between 125 and 250 ms), interpretations of the results are ambiguous due to blurring factors. For example, varying duration thresholds for genre recognition could have been caused by coarse-meshed iterations, unstable audio-quality of sources used, unsatisfactory sample sizes, and insufficient theoretical foundation. In a pilot study, based on a selection of original stimuli used in related precedent studies, we aim to (a) identify essential spectral low-level audio features of the stimuli; (b) determine spectral cues which are obsolete for rapid assessement by means of a correlation analysis between audio features and recognition rates; (c) test for the reliability of genre recognition performance; and (d) compare the selected excerpt to other sections of the particular song (spectral matching). Spectral analyses of audio features are based on the MIR toolbox and on the software package dBSONIC. Replication of genre recognition is based on online-experiments, and the comparison between sound excerpts and the full song is being conducted by a researcher-developed software application. The work is currently under progress but first results indicate that recognition rate strongly depends on the more or less random selection of excerpts in previous studies, which might not always be representative of an entire song. In future studies, researchers should exert more control over the sound material: for instance, by selecting multiple excerpts from one song which should be controlled for the spectral fit to the whole piece.


The tomato crop is one of the most important daily consumer food crops that enters the consumer basket and its importance called for necessity Study it through a random sample consisting of (145) questionnaires, of which (75) are intended for farmers and (35) are designated for each of the wholesalers and (35) for retailers in the governorate Salah al-Din, and it is necessary to refer to the average number of dunams planted with the crop for the research sample (5.2) dunams, as the production of one dunam amounted to an average of (4.8) tons / dunam, and the average prices of the crop for the producer, wholesaler and retailer amounted to (382-504.4-701.7) dinars/ kg, respectively, the average absolute marketing margin between wholesaler - producer, retailer - wholesaler, retailer - producer amounted to (81.86 - 197.3 - 319) dina / kg, respectively, while the relative marketing margin between wholesaler - farms, wholesaler The retailer, the retailer-farmer (producer) amounted to (19.50%, 26.11%, 42.37%) respectively, and the profits of the retailer from the absolute marketing margin ranked first, while the profits of the wholesaler ranked second, and the marketing efficiency was measured, amounting to The average marketing efficiency according to the three laws of scale (1) amounted to (59.93%), For scale (2) it reached (65.41 %, 43.95%, 32.66%), and for scale (3) it reached (63.16%), it was concluded that it is low when compared with the marketing systems of the rest of the world. (319) dinars, while the profits of the wholesaler from the marketing margin averaged (197.3) dinars. The reason for this is attributed to the ability of the retailer to bargain without providing marketing services. There is scarcity and shortage in wholesale markets, and this in turn leads to many wholesalers monopolizing the crop and selling it at prices that suit them, as well as the necessity for the owners of wholesale offices to perform the necessary marketing functions (sorting, grading, classifying and packing) This study recommended opening new outlets for wholesale sales and expanding wholesale offices, as the study showed that there is a scarcity and shortage in wholesale markets, and this in turn leads to many wholesalers monopolizing the crop and selling it at prices that suit them


Pineal gland tumors in adults account for about 0.4 to 1 % of all intracranial tumors. A wide variety of tumors can occur in the pineal gland. The most common are the pineal parenchymal tumors (pineocytomas, pineoblastomas, and pineal parenchymal tumors of intermediate differentiation), germ cell tumors, and glial tumors. Uncommonly in the pineal gland one may encounter a metastatic tumor, a meningioma or a melanoma. We here report a case of primary pineal gland melanoma with prolonged survival of 56 weeks after radiotherapy alone. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of prolonged survival after radiotherapy alone, without surgical intervention or chemotherapy. Contrary to previous reports, our case demonstrates that a pineal melanoma with leptomeningeal dissemination can still yield a better survival with radiation treatment only.


This article discusses general issues of mechanics of wheel rolling, which were subsequently used for a more detailed study of the friction pair "flexible wheel - supporting surface."


Advanced Methods for Formulation Analysis is authored by Iain Swan and submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Manchester, on 21 September 2015.This thesis concentrates on diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY): a technique in liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that is able to distinguish different chemical species by their size in solution, and measure species? diffusion coefficients. DOSY is an invaluable tool to analyse and resolve the signals of mixtures of chemicals in solution. DOSY measures an ensemble of nuclei in a mixture, using pulsed field gradients (PFGs) to encode, and later decode, the positions of spins. This provides information on the root mean square distance that spins diffuse during a delay between a pair of PFGs, which allows the determination of diffusion coefficients. However, DOSY is susceptible to a number of complications.Where a sample convects, the distance molecules move during the delay is greater than for simple diffusion, and the estimate of the diffusion coefficient becomes greater than the true value. Rayleigh-B�nard convection has been known in NMR for a long time, and is known to result from heating the base of an NMR sample, giving rise to negative vertical temperature gradients. Here, cooling the base (and inadvertently the sides) of the sample is also shown to cause convection from transverse temperature gradients, known as Hadley convection and commonly observed in atmospheric circulation. The theory for convection from transverse temperature gradients is given and recommendations to reduce convection in NMR are made.DOSY analysis can also be challenging where signals from different species overlap. In such instances, it can help to reduce the overlap, which can be achieved by collapsing multiplets into singlet signals: pure shift NMR is a technique that uses band-selection in order to refocus scalar coupling during the free induction decay, leaving pure chemical shift information. However, PFGs can vary in strength across the sample, which can have an effect on band selective experiments, such as Zangger-Sterk pure shift experiments, in the measured peak amplitudes, and where DOSY is combined with the Zangger-Sterk pure shift sequence, the apparent diffusion coefficients are also altered, seemingly as a function of chemical shift. A correction for this is given, simply using a DOSY and a DOSY pure shift experiment, as an alternative to the current literature method (gradient mapping).An investigation into an emulsion, agrochemically important for the delivery of active ingredients (fertiliser,pesticides, etc.) to plants, was then undertaken, in the hopes of finding restricted diffusion, but instead discovering substantial chemical exchange on the diffusional timescale.Finally a program was written for the automated acquisition of DOSY data, without the need for a human controller to calibrate DOSY parameters for the optimum acquisition.


Consumers of the fish market around the world face problems in the identification of fish species and people need to obtain expert assistance to do so. This situation is typically the same in Gaza Strip, the local fish market lacks such an application that exposes people to fraud by some sellers. On the other hand, many poisonous and exposed fishes were caught and sold in the fish market in Gaza Strip. Thus, in this work, an innovative mobile application is proposed for identifying fish species that are commonly available in the Mediterranean Sea and therefore in the local fish market. A considerable number of fish images as a dataset were obtained from El-Hesba and auction markets located next to Gaza Fishing Harbor of Gaza as well as aquaculture farms. The AlexNet was chosen for the proposed model. Moreover, RELU SOFTMAX was chosen for the main network the model exhibit accuracy of 80 %, 0.788 precision and recall of 0.631.


We have studied the effects of the serum from a patient with an unusual form of diabetic syndrome with extreme insulin resistance on the metabolism of rat adipocytes in vitro. This serum and IgG fractions from it inhibited the [125I]insulin binding to isolated adipocytes and stimulated the 2-deoxyglucose uptake, glucose oxidation, and the incorporation of amino acids into protein. In addition, these fractions inhibited the lipolysis induced by beta 1-24 ACTH in isolated adipocytes. The insulin-like effects of this serum and the effects of insulin were not additive at their maximal concentrations. The inhibition of [125I]insulin binding was due to a decrease in receptor affinity rather than to a change in receptor number by Scatchard plot analysis. Both the inhibition of insulin binding and the insulin-like effects on rat adipocytes were neutralized by antihuman IgG. In addition, these insulin-like effects were abolished by trypsin treatment of adipocytes. These facts suggest that this serum has a circulating antibody directed at or near the insulin receptor itself and that this antibody mimics the insulin effect on rat adipocytes by binding to the insulin receptor in vitro.


Supplier selection is the process of finding the appropriate suppliers who can provide the buyer with the right quality products and/or services at the right price, in the right quantities, and at the right time. In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the literature on supplier selection criteria and supplier evaluation approaches is presented. More than 25 major production, manufacturing, operations management, and control journals published in 1995-2018 are reviewed. The literature review is divided into three fields, namely criteria in supplier selection, approaches in supplier selection, and a summary of the survey. This work emphasises the historical progression in these fields and offers the latest findings in this area in an attempt to make it easier for supply chain and logistics engineers to find a convenient principle or technique for supplier selection in various scenarios. Finally, future research directions are suggested.