Graphene is an atomically thin but stable layer form of hexagonal carbon and has attracted a lot of attention in the research community over the last few years because of its unique electronic properties [Geim & Novoselov, 2007; Guisinger and Arnold, 2010]. Graphene exhibits the highest carrier mobility: >100,000 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature [Morozov et al., 2008]. This is not only ~100 times greater than that of Si, but about 10 times greater than state-of-the-art semiconductors lattice-matched to InP, currently regarded the best highspeed materials. The saturation velocity (vsat) of graphene has not been determined clearly yet, but it is estimated to be ~5 times greater than that for Si MOSFETs [Akturk and Goldsman, 2008]. With expected large on-state current density and transconductance per gate capacitance compared to Si, graphene has the potential to offer excellent switching characteristics (capacitance/on-state current) and short-circuit current gain cut-off frequency. Although it is too early to predict, graphene FETs could potentially be processed in a manner compatible with Si CMOS with desirable integration density for system-on-chip applications. While there are numerous challenges (including proper bandgap engineering) to be overcome for graphene to become a mature technology, this material offers unique device and circuit applications including ambipolar RF electronics [Moon et al., 2009].


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of interpersonal communication (IPC) training on practice and patient satisfaction and to determine the acceptability of this training to providers in a developing country.

DESIGN
The study used a pre-post design with treatment and control groups. Data collection methods included interaction analysis of audio-taped clinical encounters, patient exit interviews, and a self-administered questionnaire for health providers.

STUDY PARTICIPANTS
Interaction analysis was based on an experimental group of 24 doctors and a control group of eight with multiple observations for each provider). Exit interviews were carried out with 220 pre-test patients and 218 post-test patients. All 87 health providers who received training responded to the self-administered questionnaire.

INTERVENTION
A brief in-service training programme on interpersonal communications was presented in three half-day sessions; these focused on overall socio-emotional communication, problem solving skills and counselling.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS
The IPC intervention was associated with more communication by trained providers (mean scores of 136.6 versus 94.4; P = 0.001), more positive talk (15.93 versus 7.99; P = 0.001), less negative talk (0.11 versus 0.59; P = 0.018), more emotional talk (15.7 versus 5.5; P = 0.021), and more medical counselling (17.3 versus 11.3; P = 0.026). Patients responded by communicating more (mean scores of 113.8 versus 79.6; P = 0.011) and disclosing more medical information (54.7 versus 41.7; P = 0.002). Patient satisfaction ratings were higher for providers who had received the training and providers reported training to be relevant and useful.

CONCLUSIONS
Further validation of IPC skills and simplification of assessment methods are needed if IPC is to be an area for routine monitoring and quality improvement.


A simple, specific, sensitive and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of 4-methylpyrazole in dog plasma using N-methylnicotinamide-d4 as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished through a simple protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation of 4-methylpyrazole and the IS was performed on a monolithic (Chromolith RP18e ) column using an isocratic mobile phase comprising 0.2% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Elution of 4-methylpyrazole and the IS occurred at ~1.60 and 1.56 min, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 3.2 min. A linear response function was established in the concentration range of 4.96-4955 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were in the ranges 1.81-12.9 and 3.80-11.1%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in dogs.


Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition in the brain of aggregated beta-amyloid peptide, presumed to play a pathogenic role, and by preferential loss of neurons that express the 75-kD neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Using rat cortical neurons and NIH-3T3 cell line engineered to stably express p75NTR, we find that the beta-amyloid peptide specifically binds the p75NTR. Furthermore, 3T3 cells expressing p75NTR, but not wild-type control cells lacking the receptor, undergo apoptosis in the presence of aggregated beta-amyloid. Normal neural crest-derived melanocytes that express physiologic levels of p75NTR undergo apoptosis in the presence of aggregated beta-amyloid, but not in the presence of control peptide synthesized in reverse. These data imply that neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease is mediated, at least in part, by the interaction of beta-amyloid with p75NTR, and suggest new targets for therapeutic intervention.


Tuberculosis (TB) which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects primarily the lungs but it also affects other parts of the body. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of TB and has the highest mortality and morbidity rate compared to other forms of TB. It is common in young children and HIV-infected patients, but is also seen in adults. Despite anti-tuberculosis treatment, TBM is still a major cause of death and neurological sequelae as treatment given to the patients is often delayed. Early diagnosis is challenging due to the non-specific symptoms of TBM and the low number of tubercle bacilli in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Until now, there is no established diagnostic method that can rapidly detect M. tuberculosis in TBM patients with high sensitivity and specificity. The emergence of drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains further complicates the diagnosis and treatment regimen of TBM. This review summarizes challenges of the currently used diagnostic methods and the potential future use of molecular diagnostic methods for TBM.


Summary An approach for 3D surface reconstruction from two uncalibrated views is proposed in this paper. The SUSAN corner detector is used for corners from points in edges, which are detected by Sobel edge operator. After corners matching between two images, the fundamental matrix is estimated to acquire 3D structure from matched corners by an improved weighted linear algorithm, which is based on the epipolar geometry and the absolute conic theory. The triangular textures are acquired by dividing 2D image. Then a realistic 3D surface model is built by mapping the triangular textures to the 3D structure surface. Experiments show that the reconstructed 3D surface models are satisfactory and photo-realistic.


Investment activities are enhanced by a regular positioning in options. Results are presented for the S&P 500 index as the underlying asset. Two base activities, i) long the index and ii) a dynamic portfolio periodically rebalanced to a 60% equity stake, are considered for enhancement. In each case periodic targets are formulated that may involve nontraded strikes. Option positions are sought in traded strikes with a view towards minimizing the capital charge for the risk remaining after the hedge. The capital charge is based on the bid ask spread of a two price economy. Stress levels implicit in the two prices are taken to be consistent with risk neutral valuations falling within the spread. New positions always take account of legacy holdings from previous actions and all open positions are marked to market and delta hedged. The option enhanced businesses are valued using required returns reflecting premia for down and up side risk charges as embedded in the bid and ask prices of two price economies. Option positioning is observed to add market value.


A new reversed-output current-assisted full-bridge ZVS phase-shift PWM DC-DC power converter with a high-frequency transformer has been developed and its characteristics are discussed. Power MOSFETs operating as synchronous rectifier switching devices in the transformer secondary side are implemented in the rectifier stage to reduce conduction power losses and also to extend the ZVS commutation area of the transformer primary side power MOSFETs from the rated load to no load by using reversed output current. The steady-state operation of the proposed phase-shift PWM controlled DC-DC power converter is described in comparison with the conventional ZVS phase-shift PWM DC-DC power converter using diode rectifiers. The practical effectiveness of the proposed ZVS phase-shift PWM DC-DC power converter is proved by using 2.5 kW-32kHz circuit prototype. A 97% efficiency of the proposed isolated DC-DC power converter is achieved.


A novel immobilization method for chloroperoxidase (CPO) via carbohydrate-binding lectin protein, concanavalin A (ConA), was investigated. ConA was attached on the surface of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for effective recovery. CPO showed ∼100% activity recovery after its immobilization on ConA functionalized MNPs. After storing for four weeks, the immobilized CPO still maintained 80% activity while only 46% of activity of free enzyme was retained. Immobilized CPO by biometric magnetic nanoparticles exhibited excellent reusability and enantioselectivity in asymmetric synthesis of modafinil. More than 82% of original conversion rate and 70% enantiomeric excess (ee) value were observed after being run eight times. These results revealed that this immobilization strategy might have great potential in the application of other glycosyl-modified enzymes.


The primary objective of an employment-based retirement plan is to provide a secure and adequate income for workers throughout retirement. In the defined contribution (DC) framework, asset accumulation is a means to the end, but not the end. Drawing retirement income from savings and paying for health care expenses in retirement are the two issues that concern individuals the most as they approach retirement. This article examines the attitudes of near-retirees regarding these risks and their plans for managing them. The author discusses how DC plan design can have a major impact on how individuals convert their retirement savings to retirement income; differences in survey responses between those who have consulted a financial advisor or other financial professional and those who have not; and the role of trust in implementing advice.


Phytic acid consists of 65-80% of the total phosphorus (P) in cereal grains. Its salts are concentrated in the germ and aleurone layers, which are typically removed during milling. We hypothesize that concentrations of different types of P and minerals in milled products will be greatly altered in low phytic acid (lpa) barleys. Seeds of cv. Harrington (control) and four lpa isolines-lpa1-1, lpa2-1, lpa3-1, and M955-were abraded by a laboratory method into five surface layer and four remaining kernel fractions. Results show that phytic acid in the four lpa lines ranged from 75% to 5% of the control. The decrease in phytic acid P concentration was matched almost equally by an increase in inorganic P, so that the rest of P (the sum of all P-containing compounds other than phytic acid P and inorganic P) and total P levels remained relatively unchanged among the five genotypes. These trends were also observed for the processed fractions. The major mineral elements in barley seeds were P, K, Mg, S, and Ca, while minor ones were Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ba. All types of P and other minerals measured were generally concentrated in the outer layers of the grain. Although there were substantial differences in mineral contents of bran fractions among genotypes, the level of phytic acid P had little effect on mineral contents in whole or abraded kernels. One major exception was Fe, which had the highest level in all tissues of M955 genotype. The above findings were all confirmed by analyzing another set of barley samples grown in a different environment. Thus, in general, breeding lpa barleys does not lead to reduced mineral contents in whole grains or elevated mineral levels in milled products.


The anthropological activity of providing ethnographic descriptions is much like the linguistic activity of providing grammatical descriptions. Both offer rules that account for the occurrence of some phenomena (such as, for instance, particular household types or particular sequences of vocal noises), but at the same time rule others out. How the rules are 'discovered' is irrelevant to their status, and their degree of cognitive reality need not be crucial in judging their significance. The rules stand or fall only by their ability to account for linguistic or cultural behavior.


The principal objective of the study was the construction and evaluation of an attention questionnaire. A corollary of the study was to determine the common factors between the Attention Questionnaire (AQ) and the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). The AQ and the LCI (1999) were applied jointly to a sample of 1577 first-year university students. To start with the AQ was subjected to a principal factor analysis. It yielded three factors which were identified as Concentration Ability, Arousal and Distractibility. Three scales were formed which yielded reliabilities of 0,886, 0,757 and 0,863 respectively.Multiple battery factor analysis was used to establish the common factor structure of the two instruments. Autonomy and Internal Control were strongly related to Concentration Ability.


The /spl mu/ synthesis design method was evaluated for a flexible rotor magnetic bearing system with a five-axis-control system using both simulations and experiments. After modeling the full-order system using the finite element method, the autors obtained a reduced-order model in the modal domain by truncating the flexible modes. After choosing appropriate weighting functions with respect to frequency, they designed the /spl mu/-synthesis control system using the /spl mu/-toolbox in MATLAB. They then carried out simulations of the control system for a flexible rotor magnetic bearing system with a five-axis-control system and obtained good performance. Next, they conducted experiments to verify the robustness of the controllers on a test rig during initial levitation. The /spl mu/ controllers provided robust stability and performance over a wide range of parameter variations in the test rig.


The effects of radiation on the heart have been well described including acute and chronic pericarditis, myocardial fibrosis, accelerated arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries. However, valvular dysfunction secondary to mediastinal irradiation has received less attention. We report two cases who developed valvular dysfunction associated with coronary artery disease possibly caused by mediastinal irradiation and a review of the literature regarding surgery for radiation induced valvular disease. Both patients underwent aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. With increasingly prolonged survival following mediastinal irradiation, we believe that long term follow up in patients who receive mediastinal irradiation is indicated.


The authors describe a case of acute appendicitis associated "serrated" adenoma (SA). to the histological finding of a SA is a colorectal pre-cancerous lesion which presents the morphological and architectural characteristics of hyperplasic polyps, combined with aspects of adenomatous dysplasia. SA can eventually evolve into a malignant cancer, similarly to classic adenomatous polyps. Clinical and pathological aspects of this lesion are hereby analysed, with respect to recent Literature data.


The objective of the study is to investigate the strategies for the decarbonization of the oil and gas industry. Strategies are general programmes of action with an implied commitment of emphasis and resources to achieve a basic mission. The greatest problem facing humanity is to transit from fuel-based energy system to a sustainable and decarbonized system. There is no industry with the greatest sustainability challenges than the oil and gas industry because they are known to be among the most polluting industries in the world. The research methodology involved the use of literature review and case study of some companies, data was collected and thematically analyzed. The study findings revealed that oil and gas company can decarbonize the industry by various strategies such as changing power sources, implementing improved technologies and adopting energy efficiency in their operations, flaring through improved additional gas processing and infrastructure, reducing routine flaring through improved reliability of equipment, rebalancing portfolio, the use of renewables, electrifying operations, increasing the use of carbon capture and storage. transformation of carbon dioxide into useful product for example, the use of Carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery. In summary it is recommended that the oil and gas industry should diversify by incorporating other forms of energy and technologies with less polluting carbon dioxide and other green gas emission to decarbonize the system. Capacity building and training of personnel is very necessary to cope with these transition strategies in order to meet the Paris climate change target.


We develop simple queuing models for a single node in a server farm and analytically study the impact of switching delay on the performance-energy trade-off. The objective is to compare how an optimized static speed scaling scheme performs against two (gated and linear) optimized dynamic speed scaling schemes, where the processor can be switched off when it is idle but the penalty is the switching delay (time to wake up the processor from the off state). In the gated scheme, the processor speed is zero when the server is idle and constant otherwise, and in the linear scheme the processing speed scales linearly with the number of jobs. Our results demonstrate that the switching delay can have a considerable impact on the optimal trade-off. The linear scheme is always better than the gated scheme and, when the switching delays are long, even the static scheme can be better. In practice, the trade-off is affected highly by the parameters and our models allow an explicit evaluation of the trade-off.


Thrombotic disorders have emerged as serious threat to society. As anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapies are usually associated with serious bleeding complications, the focus has now shifted to regulating and maintaining platelets in an inactive state. In the present study we show that nanosilver has an innate antiplatelet property and effectively prevents integrin-mediated platelet responses, both in vivo and in vitro, in a concentration-dependent manner. Ultrastructural studies show that nanosilver accumulates within platelet granules and reduces interplatelet proximity. Our findings further suggest that these nanoparticles do not confer any lytic effect on platelets and thus hold potential to be promoted as antiplatelet/antithrombotic agents after careful evaluation of toxic effects.


Extremum-seeking control is a useful tool for the steady-state performance optimization of plants for which the dynamics and disturbance situation can be unknown. The case when steady-state plant outputs are constant received a lot of attention, however, in many applications time-varying outputs characterize plant performance. As a result, no static parameter-to-steady-state performance map can be obtained. In this work, an extremum-seeking control method is proposed that uses a so-called dynamic cost function to cope with these time-varying outputs. We show that, under appropriate conditions, the solutions of the extremum-seeking control scheme are uniformly ultimately bounded in view of bounded and time-varying external disturbances, and the region of convergence towards the optimal tunable plant parameters can be made arbitrarily small. Moreover, its working principle is illustrated by means of the performance optimal tuning of a variable-gain controller for a motion control application.


Generally, RSBI uses English as the language of instruction for the teaching and learning process. It then can raise some problems. One of them is concerned with teachers who actually teach non-English subjects. Then anxiety comes up among them as they have to teach students using English whereas they are difficult to master English and do not have much time to prepare it. So they are in need of effective and efficient English training dealing with their lack of time and motivation. This study deals with the development of classroom pre-fabricated expressions as the material of English teacher training. This study was conducted by Research and Development method of Borg and Gall (1983: 657659). The data were taken from the teachers' training of TK Negeri Bertaraf Internasional (TK NBI) including questionnaires, interviews and transcription of pre-fabricated expressions. There were eight teachers taking part in the training and becoming the object of this study. In order to analyze, describe, and interpret their teaching performances, the transcriptions of their talks in teaching were measured by using a rubric. The results of the study showed that (1) the problematic situations faced by the teachers of TK NBI were most of them did not speak English actively and they also did not often use English as a part of their teaching process, (2) the development of pre-fabricated expressions had undergone four stages, such as: teachers' needs analysis and baseline level setting, development of preliminary form of products, preliminary field testing and first products revision, and main field testing, (3) classroom pre-fabricated expressions were proven to be helpful to improve non-English teachers' talk in delivering the materials using English in class. Classroom pre-fabricated expressions are needed by nonEnglish teachers who should teach using English in RSBI schools. It makes them sure that teaching using English is not a hard thing to do and arranging English to teach in class or interact with students can be done in a relatively short time. From these findings, it is suggested that classroom pre-fabricated expressions can be used for English training for non-English teachers in RSBI schools. Pre-fabricated expression also can be used as a motivator and one of mind frames which can stimulate the teachers to be able to conduct teaching learning process in English.
Keywords: pre-fabricated expressions, scaffolding talks, RSBI school, teacher training


For prospective applicants many variables can factor into the decision to pursue fellowship level training. The purpose of the present study was to give prospective applicants an idea of the financial implications of podiatric foot and ankle fellowship. To calculate the net present value (NPV), weighted mean income data (clinical, general, research, associated research) from podiatric foot and ankle surgeon's (FAS's) with and without fellowship training was obtained. Income from general payments, research, and associated research was collected from manual searches of Open Source Payments. Demographic and clinical income data (based on 2080 hours) for graduate fellows from 4 programs was collected using an anonymous online survey. Socioeconomic data from the 2018 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (ACFAS) compensation survey was used for comparison. The NPV of podiatric FAS's with/without fellowship training was $4.2 million and $3.03 million, respectively. The comparative NPV and cumulative net income difference over 30 years was $1.2 million and $2.5 million, respectively. The mean comparative income difference for fellowship trained podiatric FAS's annually was as follows: clinical (+$69,145.00), general (+$21,797.00), research (+$1,833.00), and associated research (+$414.00). The present study is the first attempt to provide prospective applicants with an idea of the financial implications of podiatric foot and ankle fellowship. Based on the positive NPV, pursuing an ACFAS recognized podiatric foot and ankle fellowship in advanced reconstruction could be considered an "acceptable financial investment", which may positively affect career earnings. Prospective applicants should be cognizant that the NPV varies between fellowship programs. Therefore, the data presented from graduate fellows of the programs included may not be generalizable to graduate fellows from other programs.


We demonstrate high-resolution, raster-scanning display systems based on pairs of orthogonally scanning, surface-micromachined mirrors. The first mirror of the raster-scanning pair determines the line-scan rate of the display and is driven at its resonant frequency which is on the order of 4.7 kHz. The second mirror, driven at a frequency below its resonance and scanning orthogonally to the first mirror, determines the image refresh rate. Both mirrors have a maximum optical scanning angle of 15/spl deg/. Single-chip and two-chip scanners are demonstrated. The resolution of the single-chip display, based on average pixel size, is 102/spl times/119 pixels. The curvature of the mirror surfaces are characterized and optically compensated to achieve this resolution.


Biogenic amines have been used as chemical indicators to estimate bacterial spoilage of foods, particularly fish and fish products, cheese, and fermented foods. So far many chromatography methods have been developed to detect biogenic amines in foods. Although these instrumental analyses exhibit good sensitivity, they cannot be used as rapid detection methods due to the chemical treatment of the samples and the time-consuming process involved. For the rapid and simple detection of biogenic amines, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits are commercially available. In addition, analytical systems with enzyme-based amperometric biosensor detection have been increasingly developed. The biosensors used to detect the biogenic amines are based on the action of either amine oxidases or amine dehydrogenases that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines to the corresponding aldehydes and ammonia. This review mainly focused on the principle, development, and applications of the detection methods for rapid detection of biogenic amines in foods.


The change in cataloging standards to Resource Description and Access (RDA) has had most catalogers stocking up on physical and digital resources to aid in the interpretation and implementation of this new standard. Higgins's contribution to these resources, Cataloging and Managing Film and Video Collections : A Guide to Using RDA and MARC 21 , aims beyond RDA guideline interpretation and MARC field help by seeking to fill gaps in knowledge of film creation and distribution. His premise is that for catalogers to successfully describe and provide access to film and video collections, the cataloger must understand the various rolls of filmmakers, means of film distribution, and technical aspects of film and video formats. The book also covers aspects of film and video collection management, which support Higgins's comprehensive approach to the topic.


Summary: This project provided policy-makers with an understanding of the complexity of property finance, its role in the supply of all housing types and tenures and the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on property lending. Description The researchers interviewed property developers and financiers in Western Australia, New South Wales and Victoria who were involved in high density, medium density in-fill and affordable housing developments. Debt finance remains crucial for developers to finance projects since it opens development opportunities for those without up-front capital and allows them to reduce risk. While some larger developers (e.g. Australian Real Estate Investment Trusts) have adequate access to finance, small to medium sized developers have faced difficulties especially since the global financial crisis. This has negatively impacted housing supply especially in-fill development. Financing affordable housing for the not-for-profit sector is materially assisted through the National Rental Affordability Scheme (NRAS) although it does take time for lenders to understand such schemes. Financing further affordable housing development is limited, because banks treat loans to the sector as cash flow loans rather than loans against assets. Continued growth of the sector will make it easier to leverage finance in future. Policy-makers are unable to directly influence lending decisions but can make a difference to the general investment environment through: Recognising the diversity of developers in the industry and their differing responses to policy initiatives and the adverse effect planning uncertainty and excessive regulation can have on development feasibility. Involving the financial sector in planning reform to reduce uncertainty. Encouraging small and medium scale in-fill development by avoiding delays, equitable infrastructure charging, and flexibility around parking requirements. Partnering with developers through joint-venture arrangements (e.g. guaranteeing to purchase unsold units). Educating developers about low risk avenues for investment through demonstration programs, such as the Keystart shared home ownership scheme.


Kang Derwent and Linsenmeier (2000) reported that the a- and b-waves of the cat electroretinogram (ERG) are resistant to hypoxemia, at least for PaO2 above 40 mm Hg. The a-wave may be resistant because the photoreceptor can increase glycolysis during hypoxemia. This hypothesis was tested by making the animal hypoglycemic, which should minimize the ability of the photoreceptor to switch to glycolysis. The ERG of dark-adapted anesthetized cats was recorded between an Ag/AgCl electrode in the vitreous humor and a reference electrode near the eye. Responses to bright flashes of diffuse white light were recorded at 3-min intervals during hypoxic episodes at three levels of blood glucose. The moderate hypoglycemia (50 to 70 mg/dl) had a relatively small effect on the a-wave amplitude. Furthermore, the a-wave amplitude increased transiently by 16 ± 7% within 30–40 min of the start of severe hypoglycemia (20 to 40 mg/dl), before recovering to near normal. Severe hypoglycemia alone decreased the b-wave amplitude by 15 ± 13%. Combined hypoxemia and hypoglycemia decreased the b-wave amplitude more than the a-wave amplitude. At all levels of blood glucose, b-wave decreases began at a higher PaO2 than the a-wave changes. For both the a- and b-waves, hypoxemic effects began at higher PaO2 when the animal was hypoglycemic. The increased sensitivity to hypoxemia during severe hypoglycemia suggests that a switch from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism ordinarily protects the retina from moderate hypoxemia. Because the a- and b-waves were affected to different degrees and at different PaO2s, it is unlikely that inner retinal changes are caused completely by changes in the photoreceptor.


The Web has been quickly "deepened" by horde searchable databases online, where information is hidden behind query interfaces. The Deep Web, i.e., content hidden behind HTML forms, has long been recognized as a noteworthy gap in search engine coverage. Since it speaks to an extensive segment of the structured data on the Web, accessing to Deep-Web content has been a longstanding challenge for the database community. The rapid development of the World-Wide Web poses phenomenal scaling difficulties for universally useful crawlers and web search engines. This paper survey on different methods for deep-web interfaces and also focuses on crawlers. As deep web develops at a quick pace, there has been expanded enthusiasm for procedures that assist proficiently with locate deep-web interfaces. Then again, because of the substantial volume of web assets and the dynamic way of deep web, accomplishing wide scope and high effectiveness is a challenging issue. To overcome this issue proposes a two-stage framework, namely SmartCrawler, for efficient harvesting deep web interfaces. Also proposes a system which implements new classifier Naïve Bayes instead of SVM for searchable form classifier (SFC) and a domain-specific form classifier (DSFC). Proposed system is contributing new module based on user login for selected registered users who can surf the specific domain according to given input by the user. This is module is also used for filtering the results.


The study examines whether error exposure training can enhance adaptive performance. Fifty-nine experienced fire-fighters undergoing training for incident command participated in the study. War stories were developed based on real events to illustrate successful and unsuccessful incident command decisions. Two training methodologies were compared and evaluated. One group was trained using case studies that depicted incidents containing errors of management with severe consequences in fire-fighting outcomes (error-story training) while a second group was exposed to the same set of case studies except that the case studies depicted the incidents being managed without errors and their consequences (errorless-story training). The results provide some support for the hypothesis that it is better to learn from other people's errors than from their successes. Implications for training are discussed.


Other than loss of income to family members, little attention has been given to costs incurred by women with breast cancer and their families. Informal costs, such as the family labor for patient care and nonreimbursed out-of-pocket expenditures to care for the patient with breast cancer, need to be considered. Informal costs of women who survived for at least 3 months after the observation are compared with informal costs of a group of patients who died during the subsequent 3 months. Data for this longitudinal descriptive study were obtained from a convenience sample of 62 women with new or recurrent breast cancer. Data were collected at intake and at 3-month intervals across the 6-month observation. Data are presented for the out-of-pocket costs, primary family care-giver and "other" family labor costs, and total costs. Considering all costs, the 3-month average was $2,720 (SD, $3314) for the survivors and $7905 (SD, $5448) for the decedents. Regressions of costs on predictors were performed; survivors' status and patient dependencies in activities of daily living were the only significant predictors. Family care costs need to be considered along with the formal and direct reimbursable medical costs as an essential component of breast cancer care cost.


Photosynthetic oxygen evolution takes place in the thylakoid protein complex known as photosystem II. The reaction center core of this photosystem, where photochemistry occurs, is a heterodimer of homologous polypeptides called D1 and D2. Besides chlorophyll and quinone, photosystem II contains other organic cofactors, including two known as Z and D. Z transfers electrons from the site of water oxidation to the oxidized reaction center primary donor, P+.680, while D+. gives rise to the dark-stable EPR spectrum known as signal II. D+. has recently been shown to be a tyrosine radical. Z is probably a second tyrosine located in a similar environment. Indirect evidence indicates that Z and D are associated with the D1 and D2 polypeptides, respectively. To identify the specific tyrosine residue corresponding to D, we have changed Tyr-160 of the D2 polypeptide to phenylalanine by site-directed mutagenesis of a psbD gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. The resulting mutant grows photosynthetically, but it lacks the EPR signal of D+.. We conclude that D is Tyr-160 of the D2 polypeptide. We suggest that the C2 symmetry in photosystem II extends beyond P680 to its immediate electron donor and conclude that Z is Tyr-161 of the D1 polypeptide.


Spatial perception is one of the main determinants of the relationship between people and space. People adopt the place they live in and assign a meaning to it or vice versa. The direction of behavior is determined by the positive or negative impressions of the person in a place. For this reason, parameters based on the cognitive processes of spatial perception are also used in the evaluation of the quality of the space. How urban space is perceived also guides urban planning and design studies. For this, it is important to know how the urban space is organized in the mental map of individuals and what effect it has on people. Based on this idea, it is aimed to obtain base maps that can be used for urban planning and design studies in this study. The study was carried out in the historical center of the city of Tarsus and its surroundings. In the first stage of the study, the perceptual values of the historical city center and its surrounding structures, open spaces and green spaces were mathematically revealed. At this stage, where experts were decisive, four Gestalt principles (similarity, proximity, closure and continuity) were used. In the second stage, it was tried to transform the perception values into perceptual maps in the GIS environment. Thus, base maps that can be used in urban planning and design studies have been obtained. Perceptual values in the base maps were found to be quite different from each other in terms of structures, open spaces and green spaces. The main reason for this result has been accepted that the elements that do not reflect spatial knowledge and experiences affect the integrity of perception by taking place in the historical city center over time. When the base maps are interpreted, it becomes clear that it is important to ensure spatial integrity and continuity by prioritizing spatial knowledge and historical experiences in urban planning and design activities in the historical city center and its surroundings.


"Runaway" pacemaker is a rare entity that occurs when a malfunctioning artificial cardiac pacemaker abruptly accelerates its pacing rate above the set upper rate limit. This can result in life‐threatening dysrhythmia. Runaway pacemaker used to occur more frequently in older model pacemakers, but now with newer pacemaker generators, runaway pacemaker is a rare entity. We report the case of a runaway pacemaker in a modern CPU‐controlled pacemaker in a 79‐year‐old man presenting with lightheadedness and review the literature regarding this rare entity.


Food is the basis for all activities of the human body. People ingest food, digest, absorb, and use it to obtainvarious nutrients to ensure the normal functioning of the body's functions, so as to engage in various activitiessuch as production and life. Meat has always been loved by people because of the variety of cooking methods,rich nutrition and delicious taste. When it is paired with other foods, it can also promote the secretion ofdigestive juices, which helps digestion. Long-term consumption can strengthen the body, to enhance immunity.There are many possible benefits of carnivores that are not yet clear. The main ingredients in meat are water,protein and fat. This article mainly analyzes the dietary nutrition of meat and association with track and fieldtraining fatigue. Exercise-induced fatigue is a very common phenomenon in sports training, which can causephysical discomfort and decline in exercise function, thereby affecting the training effect. This article studies themechanism of sports fatigue, analyzes the causes, and proposes solutions to the diagnosis and effective recoveryof sports fatigue in track and field training, so as to improve the training quality of athletes and ensure the safetyof training. purpose.


Hybrid machining processes growing popularity in the processing of difficult-to-cut materials due to their distinct merits over individual machining processes attributed by an amalgamation of two or more machining mechanisms simultaneously. This research study deals with the response surface methodology and artificial neural network with backpropagation algorithm–based mathematical modeling of electro-discharge diamond grinding of Inconel 718 superalloy. The matrix experiments were designed based on central composite design. The wheel speed, current, pulse-on-time, and duty factor were chosen as control factors, while material removal rate and average surface roughness (Ra) were chosen as performance parameters. The analysis of variance test shows that the wheel speed is the major factor influencing both the material removal rate and the Ra and contributes 89.03% and 79.10% on material removal rate and Ra, respectively, followed by current which contributes 4.43% and 8.38% on material removal rate and Ra, respectively. The modeling and predictive abilities of developed artificial neural network model (4-24-2) were related to the response surface methodology model using root mean square error and absolute standard deviation. The predicted values of material removal rate and Ra by response surface methodology and artificial neural network are in close agreement with the actual experimental results.


Collaborative machine learning and related techniques such as federated learning allow multiple participants, each with his own training dataset, to build a joint model by training locally and periodically exchanging model updates. We demonstrate that these updates leak unintended information about participants' training data and develop passive and active inference attacks to exploit this leakage. First, we show that an adversarial participant can infer the presence of exact data points -- for example, specific locations -- in others' training data (i.e., membership inference). Then, we show how this adversary can infer properties that hold only for a subset of the training data and are independent of the properties that the joint model aims to capture. For example, he can infer when a specific person first appears in the photos used to train a binary gender classifier. We evaluate our attacks on a variety of tasks, datasets, and learning configurations, analyze their limitations, and discuss possible defenses.


Thrombotic microangiopathy, manifesting as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or hemolytic uremic syndrome, is a common complication in cancer patients. It shares the pathogenic microvascular occlusive lesion and many clinical manifestations as the classical TTP, but the spectrum of complications varies widely. Several subsets are seen, including a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in advanced cancer, chemotherapeutic drug-associated microangiopathy and those with the transplant setting. The prognosis is not as favorable as in classical TTP. Anecdotal reports indicate that responses are seen with plasma exchange and with immunoadsorption.


: Halymenia durvillei is a red alga distributed along the coasts of Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. Previous studies have shown that an ethyl acetate fraction of H. durvillei (HDEA), containing major compounds including n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-butyl-5-hexyloctahydro-1H-indene, 3-(hydroxyacetyl) indole and indole-3-carboxylic acid, possesses high antioxidant and anti-lung cancer activities. The present study demonstrated that HDEA could protect mouse skin fibroblasts (L929) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) against photoaging due to ultraviolet A and B (UVA and UVB) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP3), as well as increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation, upregulations of mRNA transcripts of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase ( SOD ), heme oxygenase ( HMOX ) and glutathione S-transferase pi1 ( GSTP1 ), and procollagen synthesis. The results indicate that HDEA has the potential to protect skin cells from UV irradiation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which leads to decreasing intracellular ROS and MMP production, along with the restoration of skin collagen.


The Enlightenment, considered an age of rationalism, is not normally associated with miracles. In this intriguing book, however, Jane Shaw presents accounts of inscrutable miracles that occurred to ordinary worshippers in early modern England. She considers the reactions of intellectuals, scientists and physicians to these miraculous events, and through them explores the relations between popular and elite culture of the time. Miraculous events in England between the 1650s and the 1750s were experienced mainly by Protestants, rather than by Catholics. The book looks at the political and social context of these events as well as interpretations and explanations of them by scientists, the Court and the Church, as by preachers, pamphleteers, friends and neighbours. Shaw links the lived religion of the time to intellectual history and amends the hitherto received view. The religious practice of ordinary people was as crucial to the development of Enlightenment thought as the philosophical and theological writings of the elite. Jane Shaw was educated at Oxford, Harvard and the University of California, Berkeley. She is Dean of Divinity, Chaplain, and Fellow of New College, Oxford, and co-editor (with Alan Kreider) of 'Culture and the Nonconformist Tradition' (1999).


Sprout vegetables containing various types of polyphenols and flavonoids, are known to have anti-in- flammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-obesity activities. However, there have been few reports on the anti-diabetic efficacy of sprout vegetables. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of sprout extract obtained from buckwheat, beet, rape, broccoli, kohlrabi, red young radish, and dachai, in high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus mice. The mice were fed a HFD (60% calories as fat) for 8 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (75 mg/kg). The diabetic mice were divided into four groups: standard diet (STD, 10% calories fat), HFD, HFD with sprout extract (SPE) and HFD with metformin (MET). After 4 weeks, body weight gain was much lower in both SPE and MET groups than in HFD group. In contrast, there was no difference experiment groups regarding food intake ratio. The level of fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in the SPE and MET groups compared to the HFD group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in the SPE and MET groups were significantly ameliorated in comparison to the HFD group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol in the SPE and MET groups were remarkably reduced in comparison to the HFD group, and HDL cholesterol concentration was higher in the SPE and MET groups than in the HFD group. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels were between SPE and HFD groups. The serum insulin and leptin concentrations were significantly reduced in both the SPE and MET groups compared to the HFD group. Therefore, these results indicate that sprout extract could improve insulin resistance and attenuate blood glucose level in HFD/STZ-induced type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus mice. We conclude that this study may provide positive insights into sprout extract as a functional food ingredient for treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.


We investigated the effect of the molar ratio of the Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 (Nd-422) phase in a NdBa2Cu3Ox (Nd-123) superconductor on the superconducting properties of a large-sized single-domain Nd-system melt-textured bulk fabricated using a seeding and temperature gradient method in 0.1% oxygen atmosphere. The single domain of Nd-system superconductors, about 18 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness, was fabricated reproducibly. The maximum Jc value was about 4.5 × 104 A cm−2 at 77.3 K and self-field, and the maximum trapped field was about 0.34 T when the molar ratio of Nd-123/Nd-422 was 1/0.25.


We stimulated electrically (in-vitro) vagina muscle cells and rabbit bladder muscle and epithelial cells, in order to see the effects on growth rate in the cultures. In two medium cultures ¿A¿ (control) and ¿B¿ (stimulated) we obtained a significant difference cell growth stimulating with a bipolar wavelet with 400 mVpp and 200 Hz of frequency applied on vagina muscle cells in passing 3, and a 150 mVpp wavelet (with 3.33 Hz, and 10 Hz) on rabbit bladder muscle and epithelial cells for primary culture, passing 2 and 3. We present the results generated by stimulating on muscle and epithelial cells cultures to obtain different viability and proliferation in comparison to control cells. These results (and future ones) will be used to find an optimal wavelet to control the growth factor in cells to improve the quality of neo-tissues in human bladder.


Complex functions, generally feature some interesting peculiarities, seen as extensions of real functions. The visualization of complex functions properties usually requires the simultaneous visualization of two-dimensional spaces. The multiple Windows of GeoGebra, combined with its ability of algebraic computation with complex numbers, allow the study and exploration of complex functions of one complex variable not only through the traditional techniques but also by the use of Domain Colouring techniques. Here, we will show how we can use GeoGebra to explore complex functions, using several representations obtained by the creation of new tools, which complement the ones already provided by this software. Our tools were designed to be used by students attending the first academic year of engineering or science courses. They can and should be used as an educational tool in collaborative learning environments. The main advantage in their use is the promotion of deductive reasoning (conjecture/proof) in individual terms, and the promotion of mathematical discussions in collective terms. In the literature review done so far, few references were found involving the study of this topic by the use of a single software.


As a kind of strategic resource, competitive intelligence is a kind of information activity of higher level. "Com- petitive intelligence" and "sports information" "sports competitive intelligence", it is a new understanding and awareness of the old "sports information" in the new period, which belongs to the "intelligence" and "competitive intelligence" the subordinate concept. In this paper, combining with the specific characteristics of sports and sports, the competitive intelli- gence and the core competence theory is extended to competitive sports field. In this paper based on lifting of competitive sports in China from the view of core competitiveness, using empirical research and case analysis, mathematical statistics and empirical research methods, in-depth and detailed discussions of sports competitive intelligence enhance the role of athletics sports of our country and implementation mechanism, build a sports competitive intelligence activity paradigm and enhance our country athletics sports competition performance model.


Abstract A model of the servomechanism used for high-powered actuators in mechanical systems consists of a position feedback loop around the cascade connection of a memoryless saturation function with an integrator with a large time constant. The saturation function in the servomechanism has a linear high gain characteristics for a small input and so the equivalent time constant of the actuator servomechanism becomes small. As the input to the saturation function becomes larger than the linear range for a drastic control demand, the output of the saturation function becomes constant irrespective of the input magnitude and the actuator response has a rate saturation determined by the large time constant of the integrator and so the time lag of the actuator response behind the demand results in the actual plant input much different from the demand and the plant may exhibit an undesirable behavior of the system. Therefore in this paper we consider a control method for a system with rate saturations in the actuator servomechanisms to keep stable by switching the controller gain according to the input magnitudes to the saturation functions so that the inputs to the saturation functions are controlled within the permissible maximum absolute values which are decided according to each level of LQ controller gain groups determined beforehand to ensure the local absolute stability of the total system whose conditions are expressed as a linear matrix inequalities optimization problem by introducing a Lure-type Lyapunov function. In a piecewise linear control the switching function selects a controller gain group by on-line monitoring the inputs to the saturation functions in the actuator servomechanisms. The effectiveness of the design method is illustrated with a practical example of dynamic positioning(DP) system.


The incipience of two-phase flow in discharging branches from a stratified gas-liquid region has major implications in industrial applications where safety is of concern. An experimental investigation of the liquid side flow field at the onset of gas entrainment, in a single downward oriented discharging branch, was presented. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure the liquid side flow field in horizontal and vertical planes. Averaged velocity profiles were presented and demonstrated a highly radial flow. The particle image velocimetry data were validated using continuity and showed that the mass flow rate to be in the range of 10-25% of the expected value. Further, the vortex-free flow field assumption, used previously in the development of analytical and empirical models, was found to be reasonable.


Hieronymus van Aken (Aachen) named himself "Bosch" after his home-city s'-Hertogenbosch. For his depictions of hell with human beings tormented by demons and monstrous beasts he was famous already in his lifetime. Until today the fascination and interpretation of his pictorial world overshadows the elucidation of his artistic idiom and capacity. This probably may cause the many contradictory attributions and opinions concerning authenticity and chronology of his work.

The Dresden double-sided drawing of St. John with the Virgin on the recto and St Magdalen on the verso, ranks among the most puzzling works on paper, discussed and attributed to Hieronymus Bosch. On the basis of stylistic analysis and the development of the figurative composition the present paper tries to establish the drawing's art-historical position: its drawing-style, in pen and ink, corresponds with a series of apostles, copies after Jan van Eyck from the 1440s, and is also reflected in the mid-fifteenth-century Utrecht miniature grisaille technique, while the specific arrangement of St. John and the Virgin is closely linked to the French manuscript painting, like the Rohan Hours from the mid-1430s. This, together with the watermark which points to the paper of Louvain origin from about 1425/30, speaks for an execution of the drawing in the southern Netherlands around 1430–1440; it has nothing in common with Hieronymus Bosch.


Ferulago trojana E. Akalin & Pimenov sp. nov., is described from western Turkey. It is closely related to F. confusa, F. silaifolia and F. thirkeana. Diagnostic characters of these species and European F. sylvatica are discussed. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 146, 499–504.


The authors present their fuzzy control sodium nitroprusside perfusion (SNP) system and its clinical performance in regulating mean arterial pressure in postsurgical patients in the cardiac surgical intensive care unit. A wide variation of patient sensitivity to SNP was experienced during the clinical trials, which was handled satisfactorily by the fuzzy controller. In conclusion the authors expect their fuzzy control SNP delivery system to perform well for most patients.<<ETX>>


Crop processors on forage harvesters have become readily available and widely used by North American
livestock producers. Past research has shown that intensive mechanical processing at the time of cutting can improve the
fiber digestibility of alfalfa and grasses, and questions have surfaced as to the potential effectiveness of a crop processor
on a forage harvester to also improve the animal utilization of wilted forages. Processing wilted alfalfa with crop
processing rolls was effective in increasing the level of plant tissue disruption, as quantified by leachate conductivity, by
more than 30% in all cases and similarly reduced particle-size from the theoretical-length-of-cut. Processed material
was visibly darker and more bruised than control treatments. Processor roll clearance and cutterhead theoretical-length-
of-cut had a greater effect on crop physical properties than did processing roll speed difference. Processing
wilted alfalfa increased harvester energy requirements by 36 to 113% depending upon crop moisture and the feeding
characteristics of the processing rolls as affected by the aggressiveness of the tooth profile. Processing wilted alfalfa
increased the crops in situ dry matter disappearance at 12 and 24 h by greater than six percentage units and increased
the instantly soluble fraction by up to seven percentage units. However, processed alfalfa did not affect lactation
performance of Holstein dairy cows.


The proximal iron ligand in horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is His-170. The H170A mutant of polyhistidine-tagged HRP (hHRP) has been expressed in a baculovirus system and has been purified and characterized. At pH 7, the Soret maximum of the mutant is at 414 nm rather than 403 nm. Resonance Raman spectra indicate that the protein is primarily 6-coordinate low-spin in the ferric state with a band in the ferrous state at 212 cm-1 indicative of distal histidine coordination to the iron. Exogenous imidazole (Im) binds to the enzyme with Kd = 22 +/- 4 mM. Reaction of H170A hHRP with H2O2 does not give spectroscopically detectable compound I or compound II intermediates but results in gradual degradation of the heme group. Nevertheless, H170A hHRP is catalytically active, and its guaiacol and ABTS peroxidase activities are improved 260- and 125-fold, respectively, in the presence of saturating concentrations of Im. The Km for the stimulatory effect of Im is 24 mM for both guaiacol and ABTS. The pH profile of H170A hHRP differs from that of wild-type hHRP, but the differences are essentially eliminated by Im. The rate of formation of "compound I" for H170A hHRP, determined by steady state kinetic methods, is k1 = 16 M-1 s-1 without Im and k1 = 2.4 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 with Im. The corresponding rate for wild-type hHRP is k1 = 4.4 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. The results indicate that Im binds in the cavity created by the H170A mutation, coordinates to the heme iron atom, and restores a large part of the catalytic activity by rescuing the rate of compound I formation. However, this rescue of the catalytic activity by Im is possibly limited by coordination of the heme to the distal histidine (His-42) in the H170A mutant. Thus, a primary function of the proximal histidine is to tether the iron atom to disfavor sixth ligand binding, particularly coordination of the iron to the distal histidine. In addition, strong hydrogen bonding of the proximal ligand may be critical for facilitating O-O bond cleavage in the formation of compound I.


As households get smaller worldwide, the extent of sharing within households reduces, resulting in rising per capita energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This article examines for the first time the differences in household economies of scale across EU countries as a way to support reductions in energy use and GHG emissions, while considering differences in effects across consumption domains and urban-rural typology. A country-comparative analysis is important to facilitate the formulation of context-specific initiatives and policies for resource sharing. We find that one-person households are most carbon- and energy-intensive per capita with an EU average of 9.2 tCO2eq/cap and 0.14 TJ/cap, and a total contribution of about 17% to the EU's carbon and energy use. Two-person households contribute about 31% to the EU carbon and energy footprint, while those of five or more members add about 9%. The average carbon and energy footprints of an EU household of five or more is about half that of a one-person average household, amounting to 4.6 tCO2eq/cap and 0.07 TJ/cap. Household economies of scale vary substantially across consumption categories, urban-rural typology and EU countries. Substantial household economies of scale are noted for home energy, real estate services and miscellaneous services such as waste treatment and water supply; yet, some of the weakest household economies of scale occur in high carbon domains such as transport. Furthermore, Northern and Central European states are more likely to report strong household economies of scale—particularly in sparsely populated areas—compared to Southern and Eastern European countries. We discuss ways in which differences in household economies of scale may be linked to social, political and climatic conditions. We also provide policy recommendations for encouraging sharing within and between households as a contribution to climate change mitigation.


This article explores the concept of integrated care and how the assistant practitioner (AP) role will be key in delivering the components required to improve patient and service outcomes. The educational and learning components necessary to embrace this role are discussed, in particular the collaborative learning approach within a foundation degree programme at Staffordshire University.


The notion of a person's memory style (elaborated in Sehulster, 1988) was investigated as it relates to the presentation of self. A memory style is defined as a combination of a subject's (perceived) ability in verbal memory, auto- biographical memory, and prospective memory, as measured by the Memory Scale (Sehulster, 1981b). In addition to filling out the Memory Scale, 325 subjects completed a 72-item questionnaire that tapped descriptions of abilities and experiences. The range of abilities and experiences was drawn loosely from Gardner's (1985) notion of multiple intelligences. Distinct patterns of self-report were observed for different memory styles. For instance, a love of listening to music was associated with the memory style that is high in both verbal and autobiographical memory but low in prospective memory; a love for numbers and mathematics was associated with the memory style that is high in both verbal and prospective memory but low in autobiographical memory. The results suggest broad individual differences in information processing. Gender differences are discussed in relation to memory styles.


OBJECTIVES
Social isolation and loneliness are two different aspects of social connections. Whether social isolation and loneliness precede depressive symptoms, or depressive symptoms precede feelings of loneliness and social isolation, or both, has not been fully established. This study aims to examine the possible reciprocity in the relationship between the two aspects of social connections and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults.

METHODS
This study analyzed four waves of data (2008-2016) from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 5,393 individuals) and investigated within-person level cross-lagged associations of social isolation and loneliness with depressive symptoms using random intercept cross-lagged panel models.

RESULTS
This study revealed a unidirectional relationship between social isolation and depressive symptoms and a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms at the within-person level. Specifically, net of trait levels and prior states, earlier state depressive symptoms predicted future state social isolation. That is, when adults feel depressed more frequently than they usually do, they are more likely to be socially disconnected than usual at a later time. In the reverse direction, earlier state social isolation did not predict future state depressive symptoms. Within-person deviation in prior expected depressive symptoms predicted deviation in expected loneliness four years later and vice versa. Moreover, the strength of the two cross-lagged effects did not differ.

DISCUSSION
Social isolation and loneliness are linked to depressive symptoms differently. Though depressive symptoms might be a potential antecedent of social isolation, they might be both a potential antecedent and an outcome of loneliness.


Course-focused and comprehensive, Poole's Textbook on Contract Law provides an accessible overview of the key areas on the law curriculum. This book has been guiding students through contract law for many years. It places the law of contract clearly within its wider context, including the growing distinction between commercial and consumer contracting, before proceeding to provide detailed yet accessible treatment of all the key areas encountered when studying contract law. Part 1 considers formation, looking in detail at agreement, certainty and agreement mistakes, the enforceability of promises and the intention to be legally bound. Part 2 looks at content, interpretation, exemption clauses and unfair terms, performance, and breach. Part 3 considers the enforcement of contractual obligations including remedies, detailed treatment of damages for breach of contract, privity and third party rights, and discharge by frustration. Part 4 looks at methods of policing the making of a contract, such as non-agreement mistakes which render the contract void, misrepresentation, duress, undue influence, unconscionable bargains, and illegality. The book also includes references to relevant EU consumer legislation and introduces students to the various attempts (international and European) to produce a harmonized set of contract principles.


The proposed Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (THIC) requires 408 regular arc quadrupoles. Two full-size prototypes have been constructed and tested. The construction uses the single-layer, collarless concept which has been successful in the RHIC dipoles. Both the magnets attained short sample current, which is 60% higher than the operating current. This corresponds to a gradient of 113 T/m with a clear bore of 80 mm. The preliminary field measurements are in agreement with the calculations with the exception of an unexpectedly large skew sample.<<ETX>>


Random Boolean formulae, generated by a growth process of noisy logical gates are analyzed using the generating functional methodology of statistical physics. We study the type of functions generated for different input distributions, their robustness for a given level of gate error and its dependence on the formulae depth and complexity and the gates used. Bounds on their performance, derived in the information theory literature for specific gates, are straightforwardly retrieved, generalized and identified as the corresponding typical-case phase transitions. Results for error-rates, function-depth and sensitivity of the generated functions are obtained for various gate-type and noise models.


Web 2.0 technological developments have mainly drawn the interest of young people recently, due to the social aspects, and have played an important part in supporting various activities at Edge Hill University. The use of this technology can help educators create effective online learning communities. Teaching and learning in any subject can sometimes become mundane but in order that students are motivated it is sometimes necessary to use an innovative approach. The methods adopted at Edge Hill University (EHU) are to use a baseline VLE (Blackboard) at module level, virtual learning groups (Moodle) for collaboration to enable learners who would otherwise physically be unable to meet to come together in cyberspace, and Web 2.0 technology to explore the potential of social and virtual worlds (Second Life TM ).


Golden hamsters were submitted to i.p. administration during 4 weeks of 8 anthracyclines, adriamycin (ADM), detorubicin (DTR), daunorubicin (DNR), 4'-epi-adriamycin (eADM), adriamycin hydrochloride (ADMh), rubidazon (RBZ), aclacinomycin (ACM) and AD32, at doses equivalent to 3/4 of those which are optimally oncostatic on murine L1210 leukemia. The comparative study of the mortality, the electron microscopic (EM) alterations of the myocardium, and the light microscopic (EM) alterations of the myocardium, and the light microscopic (LM) lesions of the skin, show that ACM and AD32 are the least toxic drugs. EM detected almost no early lesions of myocardium in ACM treated animals, but, after 4 week's treatment, severe cardiac alterations appeared which, like those after AD32 treatment, are non lethal and reversible. Similarly. LM revealed no histologic changes in the skin following ACM and AD32 administrations, but pathologic alterations, atrophy and alopecia, were observed in animals receiving all other drugs.


Background Generalized bone loss and an increased risk of fractures are regarded as complications in rheumatoid arthritis. Variable clinical factors, inflammatory activity, and treatment regimens may contribute to the development of bone loss. Objectives We evaluated the association between the baseline disease activity and the changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after 1 year of treatment in a cohort of patients with recently diagnosed active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 106 (92 women and 14 men) patients with recent onset RA from ASERA cohort were included in this study. Data on patient's demographic factors, disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), and anti-rheumatic drugs were obtained. Baseline and 1 year of follow up BMD in proximal femur sites (i.e., the total femur, femur neck, and trochanter) and lumbar spine were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Univariate regression analyses were performed to determine association between clinical parameters and BMD loss after 1 year. Results The mean age of women and men was 50 ± 11 years and 59 ± 7 years, respectively and 54 patients in 92 women were postmenopausal status. The mean baseline DAS28 was 5.4 ± 1.2 (range; 2.6-8.6) and 30 (28.3%) patients were diagnosed as osteoporosis at baseline. After 1 year of treatment, the mean annualized rates of bone loss in the total femur, femur neck, trochanter, and L-spine were -1.41%/yr, -1.31%/yr, -2.07%/yr, and -0.78%/yr, respectively. Age, smoking, menopause, and high DAS28 were associated with prominent BMD loss in femur neck. Higher cumulative dose of corticosteroids was associated with significant bone loss in the spine and femur. The use of bisphosphonate had no significant protected effect against BMD loss in one year of treatment. Conclusions High baseline disease activity and increased dose of steroids are significantly associated with accelerated BMD loss in patients with active RA. Our findings suggest that suppression of inflammation at the initial treatment might reduce the bone loss and limited use of steroids can be essential for bone preservation. References Changes in bone mineral density in patients with recent onset, active rheumatoid arthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases (2008). 67(6). 823-8 Disclosure of Interest None Declared


The experiment was conducted under in-vivo condition in a betelvine baroj at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. Nineteen isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii collected from different regions of Bangladesh designated as isolate-1 to isolate-19. Soil inoculated with S. rolfsii exhibited mycelial growth on the soil surface and around the base of the betelvine plant within 2-4 days after inoculation. Only 2 days after inoculation were required to manifest cottony colony on soil surface near root zone of inoculated betelvine plants by the isolate-3, 5, 7, 9 and 12. The first disease symptoms were observed within 6 to 16 days after inoculation where minimum days were required by the isolate-9 and maximum by the isolate-2 and 14. The highest lesion length (6.50 cm) was produced by the isolate-9 and isolate-13. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic in some cases, disease delayed due to their degree of pathogenicity. The isolate-9 showed highest disease incidence of 100% which was superior as compared to all other isolates at 15 days after inoculation. The isolate-19 showed least disease incidence of 66.66% even at 30 days after inoculation. Among the isolates, the most pathogenic one was isolate-9 collected from Kaligonj upazilla of Jhenaidah.


In order to produce a radioactive ion beam of /sup 14/O/sup +/, a 10 cm-diameter, 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) driven multicusp ion source is now being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. In this paper we describe the ion source performance with respect to its capability as an ion source for radioactive ion beam (RIB) production using Ar, Xe and a 90% Ar/10% CO gas mixture. In addition ion optic simulations for the radioactive beam line leading to the design of the ion beam extraction/transport system for the actual experimental setup will be discussed.


Coolability of an ex-vessel debris bed in severe accident conditions is considered from the risk perspective. The concept of "load versus capacity" is employed to quantify the probability of failure (local dryout). Possible choices of "load" and "capacity" in terms of heat fluxes, thermal power or melt mass are discussed. Results of Monte Carlo simulations of distribution functions for the local heat flux and the dryout heat flux at the debris bed top point (defined as the extensions of one-dimensional counterparts) are presented. A surrogate model for the dryout heat flux is developed by the generalization of two-dimensional simulation results. Dryout probabilities are obtained under the conservative assumptions (neglecting the coolability improvement due to side ingress of water into a non-flat debris bed), and from the surrogate model. Outlook is given for the prospective development of the risk-informed approach to debris bed coolability in the context of comprehensive severe accident risk analysis.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Traditionally, men have been the primary face and voice of live broadcasting. Limited research has compared Designated Market Areas by news content. This study compared and analyzed gender representations between large and small market news programs in the Northwest region of the United States. Hard news stories are those which audiences expect to be included in a newscast and are more likely time-sensitive. Soft stories, on the other hand, are those known to be not as crucial or time-sensitive as hard stories. The purpose of this study was to examine two major topics: (1) gender representation as news anchors and reporters, and (2) gender representation in types of stories covered. Data of gender representation was compared and analyzed between a large and small news market. Notable differences and similarities between both markets were revealed. This study found female news reporters present 16% more hard stories than male reporters even when females were underrepresented as overall news talent compared to male news talent. Males represented 55% of news talent compared to females at 45% of news talent. Male anchors also presented more news stories as overall news talent, indicating visible gender inequality in the presentation of news stories. Another important purpose of this study was to introduce a preliminary study by comparing and analyzing gender representation data by television market size. An important difference found regarding news anchors, was the large market sample more equally represented both males and females as anchors, whereas the small market sample did not. The data revealed a 56% disparity by exhibiting males 78% of the time and females only 22% of the time in the small news market. Both markets also displayed significant differences in the total count of news anchors, reporters, and news content.


Introduction: Tribulus terrestris is an herbaceous, annual plant that belong to family Zygophyllaceae naturalized in the Americas and Australia. The aim of this study was to overview anti-infertility effects of Tribulus terrestris. Objective: This review article is aimed to overview anti-infertility effect of Tribulus terrestris. Methods: This review article was carried out by searching studies in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and IranMedex databases. The initial search strategy identified about 107 references. In this study, 62 studies were accepted for further screening and met all our inclusion criteria [in English, full text, Anti-infertility effect, Tribulus terrestris and dated mainly from the year 2002 to 2016.The search terms were "Anti-infertility effect, Tribulus terrestris "pharmacological effects". Result: The result of this study suggested that the Tribulus terrestris possess anti-infertility activity in both men and women as TT increases some of the sex hormones, possibly due to the presence of protodioscin in the extract. It is shown that TT extract aphrodisiac activity probably due to androgen increasing property of TT. Conclusion: it was concluded that T. Terrestris extract and C. officinalis extract exhibited concentration-dependent relaxation in an organ bath. Besides, T. terrestris extract is safe and effective in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. A positive effect of TT administration on rat sperm production, associated with unchanged levels of circulating androgens was observed.


Isoetes L. is an ancient, primitive genus of lycopsids. The genus occupies a unique position in plant evolution as the closest relatives of tree lycopods. The morphological characters, namely leaf size, comb, and sporophyll size, are used diagnostically to help in the identification of the Isoetes species. Thus, species identification of Isoetes is always problematic and the knowledge on the genetic relationship of Isoetes species is also limited. Therefore, in order to find a suitable method for species identification and estimation of genetic relationship among different species of Isoetes, a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used for the described purpose. Out of 150 decamer primers tested, 58 produced good amplification products. A total of 4442 amplification products were scored and only 3479 bands (78.11%) were found to be polymorphic, with sizes ranging from 200 to 5500 bp. Unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average cluster analysis revealed a clear genetic difference among Isoetes species. The scientific data presented in this study suggest that RAPD-PCR could be a valuable tool for identification and estimation of genetic relationship among species of Isoetes L.


The multiple phase screen method is widely used for modelling the electromagnetic propagation in a turbulent medium. In this technique, the turbulent phase screens are classically generated from a continuous Von-Karman Kolmogorov scintillation spectrum. Recent works led to the development of an auto-coherent split-step wavelet propagation method based on a discrete formulation of the parabolic wave equation. In this configuration, the use of continuous spectra is no more suitable. In this paper, we propose an auto-coherent generation method of the turbulent phase screens. To do so, a discrete formulation of the classical Von-Karman Kolmogorov spectrum is introduced. The impact of the modelled turbulence is finally discussed through the computation of the log-amplitude variance to validate this approach.


Introduction Efforts to identify the immune-correlates responsible for resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are fundamental to develop new treatment strategies and an effective vaccine against HCV. We have previously shown that imbalanced natural killer (NK)-cell subsets, with hyper-expression of co-inhibitory markers, are associated with chronic HCV infection. Aim In this study we aim to assess the role of NK-cells in determining the outcome of acute HCV infection in a cohort of well characterised patients. Method We analysed 12 patients with acute HCV infection who met the following criteria: ALT>10xULN, exposure to HCV within previous 4 months and HCV-RNA(+). Viral load was determined by qPCR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at 3 time-points (baseline, BL; month 1, M1; month 6, M6) were stained with fluorochrome-labelled antibodies to NK-cells (CD3/CD56/CD16). Proportions of CD56dim(CD16bright) and CD56bright(CD16dim) subsets and expression of PD-1/PD-L1 were evaluated by 6-colour flow cytometry and correlated with HCV-RNA and ALT at each time-point and over-time. Supernatants from cell-cultures in the presence of HCV-antigens were collected for cytokine analysis and quantification. Results Six patients resolved HCV spontaneously (Resolvers), whilst six developed chronic infection (Chronics). At presentation, mean viraemia and ALT levels did not differ between Resolved and Chronic patients. In Resolvers HCV-RNA became undetectable at M3, which was then followed by ALT normalisation. Overall, Resolvers had higher proportions of total NKs than Chronics (p=0.023). Cytotoxic CD56dim NK cells were also higher in Resolvers (p=0.001), and became progressively predominant within their total NK pool, as shown by their progressive increase of the CD56dim/CD56bright ratio, which differentiated Resolvers from Chronics after M1 (p=0.01). In Chronic patients' cytotoxic CD56dim NK cells had, however, an overall greater expression of the cytotoxicity marker CD16 (p=0.008). Chronic patients also had higher proportions of both subsets of NK cells expressing the immunoinhibitory marker PD-1 (p=0.02), and stronger per-cell expression of the immunoinhibitory ligand PD-L1 on CD56dim NK cells (p=0.001). Analysis of clinical parameters revealed that in Resolvers the progressive increase of CD56dim/CD56bright ratio correlated with the decline of HCV-RNA over-time (r=−0.997, p=0.042), due to reduction of CD56bright (r=0.999, p=0.011) and expansion of CD56dim (r=−0.997, p=0.041). At M1, Resolvers' CD56dim were positively correlated with ALT (r=0.820, p=0.046). Conclusion In patients with acute HCV infection the proportions and evolution of the two functionally distinct NK cell subsets differ in patients that resolve the infection compared to those who become chronically infected. A favourable outcome of infection is associated with the establishment of a defined NK profile, with predominance of CD56dim (cytotoxic) NK cells with low expression of the immunoinhibitory markers PD-1 and PD-L1, which may be linked to an improved early clearance of virus-infected hepatocytes, as shown by the correlation of this subset with serum HCV-RNA and ALT decline.


Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a voracious predator of soft-bodied insects such as juveniles of scale insects and the black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) is an important pest of several crops, such as the olive tree. However, the predatory efficiency of C. carnea on S. oleae has been unstudied yet. The present work aimed to study the functional response of larvae of C. carnea fed on S. oleae nymphs. In a controlled laboratory environment, increasing densities of S. oleae second and third nymph stages were offered to newly emerged specimens of the three larvae instars of C. carnea. After 24 h, the number of killed S. oleae was recorded and the functional response of C. carnea was assessed. The three larval stages of C. carnea displayed a type-II functional response, i.e., killed prey increased with higher S. oleae densities up to a maximum limited by the handling time. The attack rate did not significantly differ among the three instars while the maximum attack rate was significantly higher for the third instar. The handling time of the first larval instar of C. carnea was higher than that of the third instar. Our results demonstrated that S. oleae could act as a food resource for all larval stages of C. carnea. Furthermore, the third larval stage of the predator was the most efficient in reducing S. oleae densities. These results suggest that C. carnea larvae could contribute to S. oleae control in sustainable agriculture.


Objective Payers, providers and policymakers in the USA are interested in developing interventions that reduce preventable or modifiable healthcare use among high-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients. This study seeks to describe how and why complex interventions for HNHC patients lead to more appropriate use of healthcare services. Design A realist review which develops programme theories from causal explanations generated and articulated through the creation of context–mechanism–outcome configurations. Methods Electronic databases (including PubMed and Embase) and gray literature from January 2000 to March 2021 were searched. All study designs were included if the article provided data to develop our programme theories. Included studies were conducted in the USA and focused on interventions for adult, HNHC patients. Results Data were synthesised from 48 studies. Identifying HNHC patients for inclusion in interventions requires capturing a combination of characteristics including their prior use of healthcare services, complexity of chronic disease(s) profile, clinician judgment and willingness to participate. Once enrolled, engaging HNHC patients in interventions requires intervention care providers and patients to build a trusting relationship. Tailored, individualised assistance for medical and non-medical needs, emotional support and self-management education empowers patients to increase their participation in managing their own care. Engagement of care providers in interventions to expand support of HNHC patients is facilitated by targeted outreach, adequate staffing support with shared values and regular and open communication. Conclusions Building relationships with HNHC patients and gaining their trust is a key component for interventions to successfully change HNHC patients' behaviors. Identifying HNHC patients for an intervention can be best achieved through a multipronged strategy that accounts for their clinical and psychosocial complexity and prior experiences with the healthcare system. Successful interventions recognise that relationships with HNHC patients require the sustained engagement of care providers. To succeed, providers need ongoing emotional, financial, logistical and practical resources. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020161179.


Letter by Gaberel et al Regarding Article, "Fibrinolysis for Intraventricular Hemorrhage: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature" To the Editor: We appreciated reading the article by Khan et al, evaluating the impact of intraventricular fibrinolysis (IVF) for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). This article represents an interesting update from our previous meta-analysis. Notably, the authors underlined several differences between the 2 studies and noted some mistakes in our data extraction. We think that the identified discrepancies are mainly related to differences in the inclusion criteria. In contrast to Khan et al, we excluded from our analysis patients presenting IVH because of other causes than spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; ie, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, moyamoya disease...). In fact, we consider that IVH caused by deep ICH represents a unique pathological entity which should be differentiated from IVH after aneurismal rupture. Substantial evidence supports our point of view. First, clinical outcome after IVH secondary to deep ICH is different from IVH after aneurismal rupture. We performed an additional metaanalysis including the studies reported by Khan et al and considered separately patients presenting IVH caused by deep ICH and those presenting IVH secondary to aneurismal rupture (we also excluded the article by Naff et al, which we consider not eligible because the treatment allocation of the 8 patients used as a control group is unclear). Mortality rates were 23.7% and 13.1%, respectively, underlying the differences existing between IVH from these 2 pathogeneses. Second, concerning chronic hydrocephalus requiring shunting, the impact of IVF is also different according to the IVH athogenesis. In spontaneous ICH, IVF seems to have no benefit, with an odds ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.40–1.38; n=321). In contrast, in aneurysmal IVH, IVF seems to be benefic, with an odds ratio of 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.79; n=152). These subgroup analyses underline the fact that the impact of IVF may be different in regard to IVH pathogenesis. Third, recent evidence supports difference in pathophysiology between IVH because of ICH and IVH because of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), especially in regard to glymphatic impairment. The glymphatic system is a paravascular pathway devoted to metabolite clearance of the brain. We recently demonstrated that this system is severely impaired after SAH, but not after ICH, and may trigger toxic metabolite accumulation within the brain parenchyma. Interestingly, we showed in an experimental SAH model that IVF restores the function of the glymphatic system. Therefore, in addition to macroscopic clot removal, IVF may restore glymphatic circulation in patients presenting IVH secondary to SAH. This potential beneficial effect is specific to SAH. In conclusion, IVH pathogenesis might significantly influence IVF impact. Therefore, patients having IVH related to spontaneous ICH and those having IVH related to aneurysm rupture should be studied separately, as performed in the CLEAR-III (Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Phase III) trial. Accordingly, a second large trial dealing with aneurysmal IVH is mandatory.


Objective: To examine the relationship between stressful life events and psychological distress, and the subsequent development of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) brain lesions. Background: It has long been speculated that stressful life events and psychological distress are associated with disease exacerbation in MS. This is the first prospective longitudinal study of the relationship between stressful life events, psychological distress, and disease activity as measured by Gd+ brain MRI. Methods: Thirty-six patients (mean age, 44.4 years; 22 women, 14 men) with relapsing forms of MS were assessed once every 4 weeks for 28 to 100 weeks. Assessments included Gd+ MRI, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), the Hassles Scale, and the Profile of Mood States. The SRRS was altered in the following manner: 1) three items that confounded with MS were eliminated, 2) endorsed items were rated for intensity, and 3) the scale was divided into three subscales: major negative events, conflict and disruption in routine, and positive life events. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression to account for intrasubject correlations. Stress and distress measures were used to predict concurrent and future MRI activity. Results: For the total sample of patients, increased conflict and disruption in routine was followed by increased odds of developing new Gd+ brain lesions 8 weeks later (odds ratio, 1.64; p = 0.00083). There was no strong evidence of a relationship between psychological stress or distress and clinical exacerbation. Conclusions: These data provide support for the notion that conflict and disruption in routine are related to subsequent disease activity in MS. However, this relationship is not sufficiently robust to predict clinical exacerbations reliably in individual patients.


A study of the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) and wavelet packet transform (WPT) modulation schemes for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) multicarrier systems is presented. The implementation involves using the FrFT and WPT as the baseband multiplexing kernel, for multicarrier modulation. Using the Alamouti diversity technique a study of FrFT- and WPTMIMO multicarrier systems is studied. At first, we report consistent theoretical and simulated results with those in the original Alamouti work. Then, the scheme is implemented for WPT-MIMO and FrFT-MIMO cases with up to 2x2 receiver diversity. It will be shown that the diversity gain for FrFT is less than the diversity gain for WPT-MIMO modulation. Consequently, it would cost more transmit power to drive FrFT as a baseband multicarrier kernel than the WPT in MIMO systems. Keywords - Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO); Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT); Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT); OFDM; Alamouti Space Time Block Coding (A-STBC).


Analytical evaluation of asymptotic part of the Green's function, in product with piece-wise sinusoidal, entire domain, and travelling wave mode basis functions, is presented. The Sommerfeld type double integral in spectral domain is solved and reduced into a single integral in spatial domain with very short integration range. The derived results lead to develop a computational efficiency improved code, which has been found 27 times faster than the earlier validated common method of moments code.


Traditional machine learning-based methods for the detection of rice degree of milling (DOM) that are not comprehensive in feature extraction and have low recognition rates fail to meet the demand for fast, non-destructive, and accurate detection. This paper presents a digital image processing technology combined with deep learning to implement the classification of DOM of rice. An improved multi-scale information fusion model of the InceptionResNet–Bayesian optimization algorithm (IRBOA) was constructed based on the Inception-v3 structure and residual network (ResNet) model. It enables to automatically extract more comprehensive features of rice and determine the DOM of rice. Additionally, the important hyperparameters in the model were tuned by the BOA to optimize the recognition rate of rice DOM. The results show the hyperparameters optimized using the BOA are those that would not be chosen in manual tuning. The classification precision of the IRBOA model reached 99.22%, 94.92%, and 96.55% for well-milled, reasonably well-milled, and substandard rice, respectively, with an average accuracy of no less than 96.90%. This model improved 7.41% over the traditional machine learning model and at least 1.35% over the fashionable CNN model with strong generalization performance. This method effectively completes rapid, non-destructive, and accurate intelligent detection of rice DOM, which can supply a reliable and accurate technical mean for rice processing enterprises to guide the rice processing process.


The article presents a critical overview of past and present research in the domain of networks in history, based both on methodological and theoretical perspectives. The author argues that concepts and methods of social network analysis should be taken seriously by historians who can be described as much too often relying on a purely metaphorical use of the term network. The very fact that the use of networks terminology seems to be popular and fashionable at the moment should not hinder more serious approaches within the historical sciences.


Existing literature examines control and resistance in the context of service organizations that rely on both managers and customers to control workers during the execution of work. Digital platform companies, however, eschew managers in favor of algorithmically mediated customer control—that is, customers rate workers, and algorithms tally and track these ratings to control workers' future platform-based opportunities. How has this shift in the distribution of control among platforms, customers, and workers affected the relationship between control and resistance? Drawing on workers' experiences from a comparative ethnography of two of the largest platform companies, we find that platform use of algorithmically mediated customer control has expanded the service encounter such that organizational control and workers' resistance extend well beyond the execution of work. We find that workers have the most latitude to deploy resistance early in the labor process but must adjust their resistance tactics because their ability to resist decreases in each subsequent stage of the labor process. Our paper, thus, develops understanding of resistance by examining the relationship between control and resistance before, during, and after a task, providing insight into how control and resistance function in the gig economy. We also demonstrate the limitations of platforms' reliance on algorithmically mediated customer control by illuminating how workers' everyday interactions with customers can influence and manipulate algorithms in ways that platforms cannot always observe.


Q With the development of regional economy, regional innovation capacity becomes the important means to strengthen regional competitiveness and promote economic growth. In this paper, the current situation of the regional innovation capacity in Hebei has been analyzed and appraised through collecting data. At the same time, using the factor analyses, every index of Hebei is compared with the other provinces and cities encircled by the Bohai Sea city group's. Seek regional innovative defects in Hebei Province. Finally, it has been pointed out that promoting the regional innovation capacity of Hebei should improve innovative environment, increase innovative input and strengthen enterprise's innovation ability.


In this paper, we propose the design of a dual-band GPS antenna using in-direct feeding pads. The antenna consists of an upper patch for the GPS L1 band, a lower patch for the GPS L2 band, and two pads on the middle layer for feeding the two radiating patches. A hybrid chip coupler with a phase difference of 90° is employed at the two feeding ports for achieving a broad circular polarization (CP) bandwidth. The proposed antenna shows bore-sight gains of 3.0 dBic(L1) and 5.1 dBic(L2), and axial ratios of 3.3 dB(L1) and 0.3 dB(L2) by measurement. The active element patterns of the fabricated array with 7 elements show bore-sight gains of -0.4 dBic (L1) and -2.4 dBic(L2), respectively. It proves that the proposed antenna structure is suitable for use in GPS array applications.