Introduction. The Economics of DomesticConsumption. Sharing the Same Table Consumption and the Family. I'm Hungry Mum: The Politics of Domestic Bugeting Household Spending. Personal Spending are the Control of Money in Marriage. Money Patterns of Responsibility in Marriage Money, Money, Money. The Significance of Food and Clothing in Family Life. It's a Pleasure to Cook for Him: Food, Mealtimes and Gender in some South Wales Households. Food and Family Ideology, Gender and the Gift. The Case of Family Clothing Economy. The Power Relations of Leisure and Media Reception. Leisure and the Household. Housewives and the Mass Media. The Act of Reading the Romance. The Gendered Framework of Family Viewing . Technology and Tradition: Audio-visual Culture among South Asian Families in West London Leisure. Lifestyle and the Construction of Social Position. The Uses and Interpretations of Household Technologies. Black and Decker versus Moulinex. Domestic Technology: Labour-Saving or Enclaving? Technology in the Domestic Environment. Contextualising Home Computing: Resources and Practice. The Gendered Use of the Telephone. An Australian Case Study. The Cultural Construction of Home. My Own Fireside. The Creation of The Middle-Class Home. Inside Pram Town: A Case Study of Harlow House Interiors 1951-61. Gender and the Construction of Home Life. Popular Tast and Erudite. Repertoire: The Place and Space of Television in Brazil. Home Decoration as Popular Culture Constructing Homes, Gender and Classes in Norway.


Vaccines are one of the most effective and successful strategies employed to date to prevent and increase the population's immunity against several viral diseases. However, vaccine hesitancy among populations poses a potential danger to global health. This study focused on determining the vaccine acceptance rate and associated key determinants among veterinarians. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey among veterinarians was conducted in the month of April 2021. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify key predictors for vaccine acceptance among veterinarians. A total of 305 veterinarians participated in this survey, of whom 39 respondents (12.8%) had received the COVID-19 vaccine. The vaccine acceptance rate among respondents was 38.3% (excluding those that have taken the vaccine). Only 37.0 % of the respondents were confident about the safety and efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine in circulation in the country. Major perceived drivers for vaccine acceptability were safety (91.8%), possible adverse reactions (85.6%) and global acceptability (75.7%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of vaccine acceptance increased by 2.3 times among male veterinarians than females (95% CI: 1.358-3.900; p = 0.002) in the multivariate model. In Nigeria, little is known about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (VA) and predictors among animal healthcare providers, including veterinarians. The study found gender as a key sociodemographic predictor for VA. There is a need to address the sociodemographic determinants of vaccine hesitancy through public health efforts and increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and coverage in Nigeria.


QDs may offer significant advantages in environmental and bead-based applications where the target cells need to be discriminated above background fluorescence. We have examined the possible applications of QDs for flow cytometric measurements (FCM) by studying their excitation - emission spectra and their binding to paramagnetic beads. We labelled beads with either QDs or a commonly-used fluorochrome (FITC) and studied their fluorescence intensity by FCM. Flow cytometric comparisons indicated that the minimum fluorophore concentration required for detection of QDs above autofluorescent background was 100-fold less than for FITC.


OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to determine the breast cancer risk levels and its relation with the frequency of breast self-examination practices in women who were 20 years old and over.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This descriptive study was conducted on 867 women, who were 20 years old and over presenting to a family medicine outpatient clinic for any reasons. The participants filled in the "Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form" which is recommended to assess the risk of breast cancer by the Ministry of Health. The participants' risk levels have been classified as low, medium, high, and the highest risk.

RESULTS
The mean age of the participating women was 38.2±13.4 years, 69.7% (n=604) were married, 54.8% (n=475) were housewives, 33.9% (n=294) were working, 42.7% were graduated from primary school. The average risk score of the patients for breast cancer was 131.26 ±45.11 (50-325). As a result of this study, 87.3% (n=757) of the women were identified as having a low breast cancer risk, 12.6% (n=109) medium and 0.1% (n=1) of them were identified as having a high risk. The data demonstrated that 75.5% (n=655) of the women weren't doing breast self-examination (BSE). The rate of previous breast USG or mammography screening was 33.7% (n=292). There were no statistical relations between the breast cancer risk levels and BSE (p=0.396).

CONCLUSION
The risk of developing breast cancer was low among the women in the study group and breast self-examination rates were insufficient. In addition to training women by emphasizing the importance of breast self-examination in early diagnosis, the breast cancer risk questionnaire - an easy to implement, simple and costless tool - is recommended to be administered in the primary health care centers.


In two experiments in a virtual pool the participants were trained to find a hidden platform placed in a specific position in relation to one (Experiment 1) or two (Experiment 2) objects; then, all the participants received a test trial, without the platform, and the time spent in the segment where the platform should have been was measured. In Experiment 1, groups differed in the distance between the landmark and the hidden platform. Test results showed that the control acquired by the landmark was different depending on its relative distance from the platform: Closer landmarks acquired a better control than distant ones. In Experiment 2, two objects, B and F, were simultaneously present during acquisition. Object B was just above the hidden platform (i.e., a beacon for the platform) while object F was above the edge of the pool (i.e., a frame of reference). On the test, the spatial location of B in relation to F was manipulated in the different groups and a generalization gradient was found: Participants spent more time in the segment where B was when B was in front of F (training position), and this time decreased symmetrically with distance of B from F. The two experiments provide convergent evidence of spatial learning effects in a virtual task with humans.


Full-field magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy at high spatial resolution down to 20 nm is used to directly observe field-driven domain wall motion in notch-patterned permalloy nanowires. The depinning process of a domain wall around a notch exhibits a stochastic nature in most nanowires. The stochasticity of the domain wall depinning sensitively depends on the geometry of the nanowire such as the wire thickness, the wire width, and the notch depth. We propose an optimized design of the nanowire for deterministic domain wall depinning field at a notch.


Background With the introduction of direct acting antivirals, treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hard-to-reach populations is now feasible. Therefore, new cost-effective and reliable test methods are needed. Determination of HCV antibodies and HCV-RNA from dried blood spots samples could represent one such method. Here we examined whether anti-HCV could be detected—and HCV-RNA quantified—from dried blood spots, sent by regular mail. We also investigated, if IP-10 determined from dried blood spots correlated with fibrosis progression appraised by transient elastography. Method Forty chronic HCV infected patients were consecutively enrolled. At baseline and after six months, dried blood spots were prepared from blood collected by venous puncture, dried for 4–6 hours, then stored in gas-impermeable plastic bags with a desiccator, before being sent by regular mail. At each visit, approximately six months apart, paired venous samples was obtained and analyzed for anti-HCV, HCV-RNA and IP-10. Results Anti-HCV was found in 66/67 of the dried blood spots. Sixty-six paired samples were available for HCV-RNA analysis. A statistically significant correlation was found between log HCV-RNA concentrations in plasma, and log HCV-RNA obtained from (P < 0.0001, Pearson's R 0.6788, R2 0.4607). HCV-RNA, derived from DBS samples, was lower than the corresponding plasma concentration, reflected by a Bland-Altman bias of 3 with SD of bias ± 0.6472. We found no correlation between IP-10 and fibrosis progression. Conclusions We identified anti-HCV in 66/67samples, and quantified IP-10 and HCV-RNA from dried blood spots, dried at room temperature and sent by regular mail. HCV-RNA concentrations from the dried blood spots were lower than corresponding plasma values; a probable result of heparin coated test tubes. We found no correlation between IP-10 and fibrosis progression. Overall, dried blood spots could be a cost-effective and easy-to-use alternative to standard tests for the diagnosis of HCV infections.


In his article"Transcending Classical Invariant Theory"(J.A.M.S., 1989, Vol 2), Roger Howe established a correspondence between representations of a dual pair of reductive groups. This correspondence is known as Howe's correspondence or local theta correspondence. In my paper"Unitary Representations and Theta Correspondence for Classical Group of Type I"(to appear in J. Func. Anal.), we proved that theta correspondence over the real field preserves unitarity under certain restrictions, generalizing some results of Jian-Shu Li (Invent. Math., Vol 97, 1989). In this paper, we study the compositions of theta correspondences. Under certain favorable conditions, we prove that the composition of theta correspodence yields unitary representations. We call this process quantum induction. Quantum induction resembles parabolic induction in various ways. Some results in this paper were announced at ICM-2002.


The research investigates the determinants of foreign direct investments in agriculture in the countries of Danube region. Pooled model of agricultural foreign direct investment inflows based on the theoretical framework of Ownership Location Internalization paradigm was formulated and estimated by using ordinary least squares method and panel data for the period from 2009 to 2016. The results suggest that the foreign direct investments in agriculture of the region are primarily resource-seeking, although market-seeking investments are also present. There is also evidence of sector-specific impact of certain frequently examined determinants which contradict theoretic expectations and highlight the importance of the sector-level studies of foreign direct investment. The research adds to the limited literature concerning foreign direct investment determinants in the context of agriculture and has significant implications for the agricultural and foreign investment policymakers.


In the presented studies, a new method for the synthesis of hierarchical porous materials with ZSM-5 zeolite properties was applied. The proposed method is based on the acidification of the zeolite seeds slurry using HCl solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment, enabling the aggregation of zeolite nanoseeds with the formation of the interparticle mesoporous structure. The influence of the duration of zeolite parent mixture aging before and after acidification on the resulting properties of the samples was investigated. The physicochemical properties of the obtained micro-mesoporous samples were analyzed using techniques such as N2-sorption measurements, X-ray diffraction, TG analysis, NH3-TPD and electron microscopy. In the second part of the studies, the influence of the modified zeolite sample parameters (such as porosity, acidity and crystallinity) on their catalytic activity for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from methanol was studied. DME is considered as a future clean alternative to diesel fuel and the development of methods for its synthesis is currently of high scientific interest. It was shown that modification of the porous structure and acidity of the zeolitic samples strongly influences their catalytic activity, selectivity and stability for the DME synthesis process. The micro-mesoporous samples, despite their significantly lower acidity, exhibited high catalytic activity (similar to conventional ZSM-5 zeolite) and enhanced selectivity towards DME, as well as higher stability in a long term catalytic test (higher resistance to the formation of coke deposits) in comparison to standard MFI-type zeolites.


Technological advancements continue to drive changes in our modern society. To keep up with these changes, it is of utter importance to stay competitive, whilst remaining flexible enough to be prepared for future changes. A sector which has struggled in this aspect, traditionally, is self-employed craftsmen - individuals who run a business based upon an aptitude for their trade. This study focuses on Robotic Process Automation, and how it can be adapted by this target group, aiding them with administrative tasks and making their work more efficient in the process. To conduct this research, we performed a literature review, combined with a qualitative data analysis of empirical data, collected through interviews held with relevant informants. The results indicate that RPA could be a suitable solution to aid this type of craftsmen, helping them overcome their hesitancy and lack of knowledge, through the ease of application, and providing other various benefits associated with RPA, including increased efficiency of supporting business processes.


A very complex illness mainly caused by insulin deficit affecting world's
most of the population is Diabetes.
The main types of the Diabetes are Insulin depended diabetes mellitus
(IDDM)-Type 1 or Non-insulin depended diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)-Type
2. Also Gestational diabetes (GDM) is other type observed mainly in the
women.
Type 1 diabetes mostly affects young people (known as juvenile-diabetes
mellitus) and develops ketoacidosis where insulin therapy is needed but is
not taken. Insensibility to insulin is Type 2 which could be the result of
these factors: secretion of abnormal insulin, manifestation and activity of
insulin antagonists or damage of aimed tissues. Gestational diabetes
(GDM) is when pregnant women, who have never had diabetes before,
have a high blood glucose level during pregnancy.
There are wide groups of drugs are available for the treatment of diabetes.
The present review found 78.3% patient adherence to antidiabetic drug
therapy. Although different prevalence of adherence were seen for each
factor studied, the association was not statistically significant. For the
specific treatment health providers assess adherence of patients to drug
therapy in the event of poor glucose control and presumed failure of the
prescribed therapeutic regimen. The review snapshots the type of
diabetes and the treatment of therein.


Summary.  Likelihood methods are often difficult to use with large, irregularly sited spatial data sets, owing to the computational burden. Even for Gaussian models, exact calculations of the likelihood for n observations require O(n3) operations. Since any joint density can be written as a product of conditional densities based on some ordering of the observations, one way to lessen the computations is to condition on only some of the 'past' observations when computing the conditional densities. We show how this approach can be adapted to approximate the restricted likelihood and we demonstrate how an estimating equations approach allows us to judge the efficacy of the resulting approximation. Previous work has suggested conditioning on those past observations that are closest to the observation whose conditional density we are approximating. Through theoretical, numerical and practical examples, we show that there can often be considerable benefit in conditioning on some distant observations as well.


The purpose of this research are: (1) To know the description of organizational culture, management system to Employees commitment at Jambi Provincial Transportation Department. (2) To know the influence of organizational culture on Organization commitment to Jambi Provincial Transportation Department. (3) work management system to Organization commitment to Jambi Provincial Transportation Department (4) To know the influence between organizational culture and management system to Organization commitment at Jambi Provincial Transportation Department. The method of analysis of this research is descriptive and quantitative. The population in the study were the employees of Jambi Provincial Transportation Department. Technique of sampling research using technique of Stratified Sampling. The total sample in this study was 123 respondents. The data were analyzed using 2 (two) ways, namely (1) Using multiple linear regression to find out the factors that influence Organization commitment with t test and F test at significance level (α = 0,05). The result of the research shows that average level of respondent's answer for organizational culture variable (X1) is 60,94 and average level of respondent answer for work management system variable (X2) is 66,41, it shows highest level. The magnitude of influence of organizational culture variable and work management system on Organization commitment at Jambi Provincial Transportation Department is 6,333 (X1) and 3,685 (X2). From the test results simultaneously can be seen that the organizational culture variables and management systems work together have a significant influence on organizational commitment. Meanwhile, it is also known that work management system variables are more dominant in influencing Employees commitment to Jambi Provincial Transportation Department.
Keywords: organizational culture, work management system, Organization commitment


operativepneumonia (so-called) is describedas if it were a mere variant of ordinary lobar pneumonia,and stressis not laid upon the importance of bronchial obstruction and interferencewith the cough refiex in its retiology; consequentlythe treatment prescribed (in four lines) is inadequate. On page 283 there is described an urgent operation for torsion of an ectopic kidney; nephrectomy was done and most surgeonswould have been content with this. But not so our author; he removed the appendix en pa,8sant. These blemishes, however, serve to accentuatethe generalexcellenceof this book, which is full of useful instructions and reminders. The OchsnerSherren (expectant) treatment of appendicitis of over fifty hours' duration is jUdiciously discussed. Bailey advisessuprapubicdrainageafter closure of a perforated peptic ulcer practically as a routine; but surely this is not necessarywhen operation is done within eight or ten hours of perforation. On page 296 nephrostomyis advised for pyonephrosis,but most urologists would probably do nephrectomyif, as is usual, the kidney is dead, and the patient's general condition is good enough to stand the making of an efficiency test of the other kidney; too often after nephrostomy a fistula is left and secondary nephrectomycan be one of the most difficult of operations.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide. However, T2DM still remains underdiagnosed and undertreated resulting in poor quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Given this ongoing burden, researchers have attempted to locate new therapeutic targets as well as methodologies to identify the disease and its associated complications at an earlier stage. Several studies over the last few decades have identified exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that are released by cells, as pivotal contributors to the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications. These discoveries suggest the possibility of novel detection and treatment methods. This review provides a comprehensive presentation of exosomes that hold potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Additional focus is given to characterizing the role of exosomes in T2DM complications, including diabetic angiopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic wound healing. This study reveals that the utilization of exosomes as diagnostic markers and therapies is a realistic possibility for both T2DM and its complications. However, the majority of the current research is limited to animal models, warranting further investigation of exosomes in clinical trials. This review represents the most extensive and up-to-date exploration of exosomes in relation to T2DM and its complications.


In this study, the effect of Guar gum in three concentrations of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 gram per each kilogram of skim milk, containing 0.4% fat in producing Iranian white cheese was investigated. Control cheeses were prepared in two forms, that one of them was full fat cheese, made up from milk that containing 3.2% of fat and complete milk without Guar gum, and the other one was reduced fat cheese (containing 0.4%), without adding any gum. Results showed that chemical, textural, and rheological features of Iranian white cheese improved by increasing Guar gum's concentration up to 0.75 g. In present study, full fat control cheese had the least textural and rheological features extent of G′, G″, G*, σ and E that texture was soft and desirable. Produced cheese with 0.75 g of Guar gum was close to full fat control cheese. However, by increasing Guar gum's concentration to 1 g, these indices showed increment, and were close to reduced fat control cheese. Reduced fat control cheese had the most of G′, G″, G*, σ, and E indicating its hard texture and so undesirability. It can be concluded that Guar gum can be used as a fat replacer to decline energy-producing feature and its texture improvement as well.


Face recognition is one of the most active research topics in the interdisciplinary areas of biometrics, pattern recognition, computer vision and machine learning. Nowadays, there has been significant progress on automatic face recognition in controlled conditions. However, the performance in unconstrained conditions is still unsatisfactory. Face recognition systems in real-world environments often have to confront uncontrollable and unpredictable conditions such as large changes in illumination, pose, expression and occlusions, which introduce more intra-class variations and degrade the recognition performance. Compared with these factor related problems, the occlusion problem is relatively less studied in the research community.

The overall goal of this thesis is to design robust algorithms for face recognition with occlusions in unconstrained environments. In uncontrollable environments, the occlusion preprocessing and detection are generally very difficult. Compared with previous works, we focus on directly performing recognition with the presence of occlusions. We deal with the occlusion problem in two directions and propose three novel algorithms to handle the occlusions in face images while also considering other factors.

We propose a reconstruction based method structured sparse representation based face recognition when multiple gallery images are available for each subject. We point out that the non-zeros entries in the occlusion coefficient vector also have a cluster structure and propose a structured occlusion dictionary for better modelling them. On the other hand, we propose a local matching based method Dynamic Image-to-Class Warping (DICW) when the number of gallery images per subject is limited. DICW considers the inherent structure of the face and the experimental results confirm that the facial order is critical for recognition. In addition, we further propose a novel method fixations and saccades based classification when only one single gallery image is available for each subject. It is an extension of DICW and can be also applied to deal with other problems in face recognition caused by local deformations.

The proposed algorithms are evaluated on standard face databases with various types occlusions and experimental results confirmed their effectiveness. We also consider several important and practical problems which are less noticed (i.e., coupled factors, occlusions in gallery or/and probe sets and the single sample per person problem) in face recognition and provide solutions to them.


We show the capabilities of a downhole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array in detecting, locating, and characterizing low‐magnitude earthquakes occurring in the vicinity of the Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) site in Utah. Continuous data for 10.5 days were acquired in a monitoring well at the FORGE geothermal site during the initial stimulation of an enhanced geothermal system in April–May 2019. Earthquake activity beneath Mineral Mountains, Utah also occurred within 10 km of the FORGE monitoring well. During the experiment, four earthquakes were cataloged by routine processing of the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. Our processing of DAS data finds 77 earthquakes during that period, of which 16 are visible on the regional network. Five additional events are found by template matching DAS data. The magnitude of completeness obtained by DAS processing is better by at least M = 0.5 than the dense surface array around the FORGE site. Depth estimation using DAS is more reliable than using a surface array. While a single vertical DAS array is limited in terms of event location due to its azimuthal ambiguity, multiple DAS wells or a combination of a downhole array with surface stations or near‐surface horizontal DAS could jointly resolve locations. All detected events probably originated from the two active source areas, located 3–5 and 8–10 km away from the FORGE site, respectively. Recorded events can be reliably clustered into several distinct families thanks to the spatial density and large number of DAS channels.


Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were measured in 16 obese female subjects before and after a short-term fast of four days. The mean body weight loss was 2.9 +/- 0.8 kg. Serum triglycerides decreased, serum, LDL, and HDL cholesterol increased significantly. Furthermore there was a significant reduction of the serum apolipoprotein B concentration, while apolipoprotein A I did not change. The atherogenic ratio apo B/apo A I were significantly lowered by the fasting period.


Language is a natural psychological phenomenon, indispensable to all humans in society.
This article presents the theoretical foundations on communication in process quality
management, bringing studies dealing with communication and ISO 9001:2000 management,
aiming at investigating how these variables have been perceived in organizations.
The importance of the steps that should permeate the communication process is highlighted
through published research, concluding on the need for studies that demonstrate
the importance of subjectivity in the communication process, a present phenomenon in any
interpersonal relationship.


The D4 dopamine receptor gene (DRD4) polymorphic region, which is possibly related to the personality trait known as Novelty Seeking in humans, was examined in equids. Partial nucleotide sequences in exon 3 of DRD4 gene were compared among several species in genus Equus. Inter-and intra-species differences were observed, as well as between two domestic horse breeds, Thoroughbred and Kiso pony (Japanese native pony). In equids, these variations were consisted of as many as 9 fold repeats of 18 bp variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) type polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).


Olive oil production gives two high polluting refuses: the semisolid Olive Pomace (OP) and the liquid Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW). These refuses actually present either from technology or from social point of views high disposal problems. An approach able to solve these problems seems to be the Anaerobic Digestion (AD), which permits to obtain a stabilized sludge and a biogas with high content of methane. OP and OMWW contain some recalcitrant constituents as lignocelluloses and polyphenols which are able to inhibit the AD. At this aim, in the present work some physical and chemical pretreatments were accomplished by AD fermentation tests. After each pretreatment the polyphenols concentration were evaluated against nopretreated mixture. The best results were obtained with salts additions (FeCl3 and CaCO3) which make the simultaneous actions of reducing the polyphenols concentration by flocculation phenomena and increasing the biodegradation of recalcitrant ligno-cellulosic materials


In this paper, the authors assert that the principles set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities require a paradigm shift in the law of capacity so that the question is no longer: Does a person have the mental capacity to exercise legal capacity? The question is instead: What types of supports are required for the person to exercise his or her legal capacity?

The authors advocate for a conception of legal capacity that includes as a minimum the capacity to express one's intention or will in ways that at least one other person can reasonably describe as meaningful. Based on this minimum threshold, the authors argue for a reformulation of the concept of legal capacity based on three decision-making statuses: (1) legally independent status – where there is reasonable evidence that the person has the ability, by him or herself or with assistance, to understand information that is relevant to making a decision and to appreciate the reasonably foreseeable consequences of a decision; (2) supported decision-making status – where a person needs support from others to express or represent him or herself to third parties, and/or to process information; and (3) facilitated decision-making status – where a person has significant disabilities, is not able to act legally independently, does not have a trusting and committed relationship based on shared life experiences and personal knowledge, and for whom not even a co-decision-maker could discern his or her will or intention without deeper knowledge of the person and his/her ways of communicating. This last status is conceptualized as temporary until an appointed facilitator can learn how to understand the person's intention or will through his or her unique way of communicating.

The authors advocate for a positive duty on the state and on third parties to provide supports and accommodations to facilitate decision-making. Specifically, they propose that the right to access supports includes a right to access the types of supports and combinations of supports that most enhances each person's autonomy based not on disability status but on the particular individual making the decision and the nature of the decision itself. The authors set out detailed mechanisms for safeguards, monitoring, information provision, enforcement and independent advocacy to ensure that the autonomy of persons in various decision-making statuses is maximized and such persons are safe from serious adverse effects, including abuse and neglect. The effect of the paradigm shift that the authors propose is to widen the concept of legal capacity so that more persons with intellectual, cognitive and psychosocial disabilities would be found legally capable and thus their autonomy would be respected.


Phosphor plays an important role in LED packages by converting the wavelength of light and achieving specific color. The property and degradation of phosphor are strongly affected by the temperature. Some structural factors have been investigated in this paper and their effects are evaluated. Remote phosphor is an effective approach to improve the performance and reliability of LED modules and products. It is a trade-off that the final product design depends on both the thermal performance and the cost.


Perforation of a gastric or duodenal ulcer is a most serious condition. The prognosis is extremely grave unless recognized early and quickly followed by direct and heroic treatment. Of all the acute maladies to which humanity is heir, none is more grave and none more spectacular when attended by successful treatment. The treatment is purely surgical. However, Moynihan 1 reports two cases successfully treated by medical means during the acute stage; but in each instance the cases came to operation at a later date. We occasionally hear of deaths from "acute indigestion," but proper investigation would prove, in the majority of instances, that there was a perforation of either a gastric or duodenal ulcer. This should not occur at the present time. The burden of diagnosis will rest with the general practitioner and, even though an accurate diagnosis may not be made, at least there are always sufficiently grave signs


Bone development and formation during embryogenesis as well as postnatally during bone remodeling is a complex process controlled systemically and locally by hormones, growth factors and matrix molecules. Transglutaminases (TGases) are the protein cross-linking enzymes, which have long been implicated in bone development and formation. Two members of TGase family, TG2 (also called tissue transglutaminase) and FXIIIA (the enzymatic A subunit of coagulation factor XIII), are expressed in chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The results of analyses in vivo and in vitro accumulated to date indicate an important role of these enzymes in promoting chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. These effects could be mediated by protein cross-linking activity of TGases, by GTPase activity of TG2 or via non-catalytic signaling effects. The aim of this review is to summarize the available data regarding the expression, localization and activity of TG2 and FXIIIA in mineralizing tissues and to discuss a number of mechanisms by which TGases could exert their promineralizing effects.


During much of the 1980s, US wage growth has been unexpectedly slow in the face of relatively low unemployment rates and high capacity utilization rates. This collection of papers resulting from the Wage Structure Conference held by the Federal Research Bank of Cleveland, November 1989, helps explain labour market behaviour in that period. The contributors - academic and research economists in labour economics - provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the wage-setting process in the US labour market.


Approximately 6% of metastatic breast cancers arise de novo. While systemic therapy (ST) remains the treatment backbone as for patients with metachronous metastases, locoregional treatment (LRT) of the primary tumor remains a controversial method. The removal of the primary has an established role for palliative purposes, but it is unclear if it could also determine a survival benefit. Retrospective evidence and pre-clinical studies seem to support the removal of the primary as an effective approach to improve survival. On the other hand, most randomized evidence suggests avoiding LRT. Both retrospective and prospective studies suffer several limitations, ranging from selection bias and outdated ST to a small sample of patients. In this review we discuss available data and try to identify subgroups of patients which could benefit the most from LRT of the primary, to facilitate clinical practice decisions, and to hypothesize future studies design on this topic.


Informatics department of Petra Christian University has used to practice programming for students at programming studio, especially students who take algorithms and programming course. The system is currently implemented is to provide practice programming skill according to their ability. Assessment is done by calculating the points of all questions are done correctly. Problem which occurs at about the work in programming studio is plagiarism among students' work. Unfortunately, plagiarism checking consumes a lot of time. In one semester, each student can do about 100 questions. If the total of students taking programming course, at least 100 people, we need many people to do this work. Departing from this problem, we design and develop an application to check for plagiarism between two different answer files from the same question. The degree of similarity is calculated using combined method of Jaccard similarity coefficient and cosine similarity coefficient. This system is able to check similarities in source code files are the work of students with moderate levels of complexity.


Background: We studied a smart insulin pen cap that can be plugged to several brand of insulin pens, to track insulin administration via smart-phone Bluetooth technology, with alarm/reminder system aiming. Methods: This pilot randomized, cross-over design study assessed the use of a smart insulin pen cap in improving adherence, glycemic control and patient satisfaction in insulin-treated patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Eighty patients on basal insulin ± oral agents with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) between 7.0% and 12.0% were randomized to a 12-week active phase receiving alarms/reminders and a 12-week control/masked phase without feedback. We assessed differences between groups on treatment adherence, insulin omission, and mistiming of insulin injections, HbA1c, treatment satisfaction (using Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire Status). Results: Compared to the control/masked phase, the active phase resulted in lower mean daily blood glucose (147.0 ± 34 vs 157.6 ± 42 mg/dL, P < .01); and greater reduction in HbA1c from baseline (−0.98% vs −0.72%, P = .006); however, no significant differences in treatment adherence, insulin omission or insulin mistiming were observed. High patient satisfaction scores were reported in both active and control phases, with DTSQc of 15.5 ± 3.7 and 14.9 ± 3.6, respectively. Statistical models showed no residual effect after cross-over between active and control phases. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study indicates that this smart insulin pen cap was effective in improving glycemic control with overall good satisfaction in insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Future studies are needed to confirm its potential for improving care in insulin treated patients with diabetes.


In this study a U-type tank, consisting of two lateral reservoirs connected by means of an horizontal channel, is considered either as a passive or controlled anti-rolling device for ships.Initially, forced oscillation tests have been conducted at CEHIPAR for the U-type tank on a moving platform for different frequencies and also for different amplitudes of the pure roll forced motions adopting two distinct configuration: passive and controlled by means of two air valves installed on top of two lateral reservoirs. The most important aspect was to obtain a large set of roll restoring moments, for both passive and controlled configurations, which could give a discrete distribution of the roll restoring moments along the entire range of wave frequencies of interest. On a first study, a detailed account of model tests was presented, the method of analyzing the experimental results was discussed, and the experimental data of the U-type tank was compared with results from Lloyd's linear frequency domain model, where non-linear effects with the amplitude of the forced motions was thoroughly addressed.In this paper, the stabilizing effects of the same U-tank installed onboard a typical containership has been first analyzed with two distinct tools: WaMIT wave interaction 3D analysis software, and the two degrees-of-freedom numerical model referred above. In second place, the experimental data of the controlled U-type tank has been compared and contrasted with results from a nonlinear time domain model, where the controller of the air valves has been also included. Therefore, some preliminary conclusions could finally be drawn about the stabilizing effects of U-type tanks as passive and controlled anti-rolling devices.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Abstract:This study explores the changing nature of public confidence and its formation in non-democratic societies. The existing literature suggests that public confidence in democratic societies is understood as citizens' support for democratic values, while in a non-democratic context citizens' confidence is often equated to an assessment of government competence. However, heavy use of social media weakens the link between government competence and public confidence in non-democracies. Using World Values Survey data for Kazakhstan, we find that performance-based confidence no longer holds in a non-democratic state when social media become the main source of information. These findings suggest that social media promote the diffusion of global standards among citizens of authoritarian societies.


Editorial office publishes the summary of a joint seminar held by the Russian International Affairs Council (RIAC), the Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO) and the World Economy and International Relations journal. The event was dedicated to the role of Africa in global politics, prospects and problems of its cooperation with Russia and other countries. The seminar on "The Role of Africa in Global Politics "the Year of Africa" in Russia" took place on March 28, 2023. The main part of the discussion included contributions by Andrey Kortunov, RIAC Academic Advisor; Irina Abramova, Head, RAS Institute of Africa, RAS Presidium Member, RAS Corresponding Member, RIAC Member; Andrey Maslov, Head, Center for African Studies at Higher School of Economics (HSE); Ivan Loshkarev, Research Fellow, Institute for International Studies (IIS), Associate Professor, Department of Political Theory, MGIMO University; Vasiliy Kashin, Head, Center for Comprehensive European and International Studies, HSE, RIAC Member. The discussion also included remarks by Yulia Melnikova, RIAC Program Manager; Lora Chkoniya, Junior Research Fellow, Center for Middle East and African Studies, IIS, MGIMO University; Maya Nikolskaya, Junior Research Fellow, Center for Middle East and African Studies, IIS, MGIMO University; Sergey Karamaev, Junior Research Fellow, Group of Regional Political Problems of the South and East, IMEMO, Ibragim Ibragimov, Research Fellow, Regional Relations Study Group, IMEMO, and Vsevolod Sviridov, Expert, Center for African Studies, HSE.


Nano- and microstructures of silicon (Si) exhibit electric and magnetic Mie resonances in the optical regime, providing a novel platform for controlling light at the nanoscale and enhancing light–matter interactions. In this Review, we present recent development of colloidal Si nanoparticles (NPs) that have wide range of applications in nanophotonics. Following brief summary of synthesis methods of amorphous and crystalline Si particles with high sphericity, optical responses of single Si particles placed on a substrate are overviewed. Then, the capability as a nanoantenna to control light–matter interactions is discussed in different systems. Finally, collective optical responses of Si NPs in solution are presented and the application potentials are discussed.


During the last 2 decades, interest in and use of alternative modalities of health care has proliferated. As the public demand for such therapies increased, nursing has been among a few of the health professions to fill this need. Some of these therapies may prove to be valuable, others may be shown to be ineffective, and others may be harmful. Presently, many alternative methods have not been tested by using rigorous scientific methods. In addition, standardization in education and credentialing of practitioners of these modalities is lacking. As health care professionals, nurses have a responsibility to their patients and to their profession to validate the safety and efficacy of their practice. It is incumbent on the recognized bodies of the nursing profession to address these serious issues. The safety of patients and the reputation of the profession of nursing may depend on it.


Introduction: Acute cholangitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain that develops because of stasis and infection in the biliary tract. The most frequent causes of biliary obstruction are biliary calculi, benign biliary stricture, and malignancy. Case presentation: Here we report a case presented with septic shock and acute ascending cholangitis on top of an altered anatomy in the form of disruption of the head and Wirsung duct of the pancreas, complete avulsion of the CBD at the ampulla of vater and deformed duodenal bulb after an old road traffic accident sustained thirty-five years back. Initial resuscitation, and antibiotic therapy with urgent decompression have been done. Definitive surgery has been performed in the form of dismantling of prior cholecystojejunostomy, exploration and resection of common bile duct with cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with adhesiolysis. Conclusions: Definitive surgery remained the mainstay of treatment for extrahepatic biliary and pancreatic trauma to prevent future life-threatening complications. MDT approach is the optimal choice for dealing with critically ill patients. Utilization of the full capabilities of endoscopic and interventional radiology services deemed mandatory for urgent and timely management.


Background: The incidence of difficult tracheal intubation includes not only difficult and failed intubation but also difficult laryngoscopy (DL) and difficult mask ventilation. Aim: The study was done to compare the sonographic assessment of tongue thickness (TT) and condylar mobility with traditional airway assessment scores for prediction of difficult intubation (DI). Settings and Design: This experimental, randomized prospective study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesia, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethical and Research Committee, this study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun. After obtaining written and informed consent, 385 subjects of either sex between 18 and 60 years of age, undergoing various elective surgeries under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, were selected. The number of attempts at intubation, the need for alternative DI approaches, and invasive airway access or cancellation of the procedure due to inability to secure the airway were noted. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Categorical data were assessed by Chi-square test, while independent t-test/Mann–Whitney test was used to determine the association between continuous data. Results: Age, inter-incisor distance (IID), body mass index (BMI), and Mallampati score were positively correlated with TT. BMI (kg.m−2) >26.0, modified Mallampati scoring >2, IID ≤5 cm, TT >6 cm, and condylar mobility >10 mm were significantly more among subjects with DL and difficult tracheal intubation. Conclusion: Ultrasonography can be used in elective settings to rule out any possibility of difficult airway and to prevent airway-related complications.


Objective:CD8⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺regulatory T(Treg) cells are reduced in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP). However, the role of these cells in nasal polyps(NP) has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of budesonide treatment on these cells and to assess their roles in neutrophilic NP. Method:Eight neutrophilic CRSwNP patients were enrolled and received budesonide nasal spray treatment for three months. Nasal samples were obtained from normal mucosa or NP and cultured in vitro. CD8⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cells were isolated and purified from normal or NP tissues and cultured in vitro. Then transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and its mRNA were examined in those cell cultures. After that, those cells were administered into NP cultures. Finally, the concentrations of myeloperoxidase(MPO) and interferon(IFN) -γ were evaluated in those tissue cultures. Result:CD8⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cells were decreased in NP compared to normal tissues. Budesonide treatment did not increase the percentage of those cells in NP. TGF-β and its mRNA were enhanced in CD8⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cell cultures from NP versus those from normal tissues. In addition, levels of MPO and IFN-γ were reduced after CD8⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cells administration. Conclusion:These findings indicated that CD8⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cells may play a role in the regulation of neutrophilic inflammation, and budesonide treatment may not influence these Treg cells.


We study the arterial vascularization of the trunk of the optic nerve partialarly in its anterior part in human. We injected in the carotids, a mass of colored an radio opaque substance, in the whole cadaver that allows simultaneously a visual study and a radiologic control of the results. This one is completely insufficient to allow a study of details; so we used the diaphanisation as described by Spalteholz; we were able to confirm Hayreh's results: the ophthalmic artery has a variable pathway according to individus but overcrosses the most frequently the optic nerve. The posterior ciliary arteries have also an origin pathway very variable; the posterior external ciliary is the most commonly present. The central retinal artery takes its origin the ophthalmic artery no more than half of the cases, and elsewhere from a common trunk with the ciliary arteries, or even from branches of those last arteries. It always penetrates the nerve in its inferior face and is responsable of its vascularization in periphery by the man of its pial branches and in depth by its intra neural branches.


This work is a sociological case study of the disputes among expert biologists in the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry. I argue that the disputes among experts are structured by the interest groups who sponsored expert testimony. Interest groups varied in their resources, organizational structure, interaction experiences, and basic defensive or critical argumeLltative stance. This variability is shown to be related to the cohesiveness of expert arguments across seven major debating points. Open-ended interviews form the basis of most of the analysis. Since the populations are small, extensive quotations from the responses of participants are used at many points. The analysis is qualitative at many crucial points. The interviews are supplemented by an analysis of hearing transcripts, supporting material presented at the Inquiry, and published materials relating to the Inquiry. The argument is constructed using an image of all action, including scientific reasoning, as interpretive action. Although a social product, action is considered to be a complex interpretive process. The importance of this image of action is developed in the assessment of the influence of various scientific and non -scientific issues to the opinions of scientists as experts. I treat statements by participants as part of arguments which, iii I suggest, are unclear as to their motivational implications. Within this framework, I consider the importance of interest groups for the structuring of expert arguments. I argue that the major industrial proponent was able to present an extremely cohesive set of eJ!;pert arguments because of a variety of factors including their greater resources, their longer time to prepare a case, and their experience of having to defend a position. In contrast, critics, with their relatively meager resources, shortage of time, and position of critic, presented a far less cohesive set of expert arguments. This lack of a parallel structure in arguments runs counter to the dominant image, in the literature, of a more clearly polart2;ed debate in conflicts among experts.


Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) has been enabled by the deployment of smart meters and is currently the subject of active research, focused mainly in medium-voltage distribution grids (MVDGs). This article proposes a modified weighted least-squares (WLS) DSSE for low-voltage distribution grids (LVDGs) where the neutral conductor is grounded only at the MV–LV substation. DSSE methods developed for MVDGs are not applicable in such systems due to the significant voltage drop across the neutral conductor. The proposed DSSE includes the neutral voltage in the state vector, and the measurement functions are modified accordingly. To address any convergence issues and to enhance the accuracy of the proposed DSSE, virtual measurements are introduced for the neutral voltage. The effectiveness of the proposed DSSE is illustrated in a real LVDG and in the IEEE European low-voltage test feeder under different operating conditions, smart meter classes, and system layouts. In addition, a Monte Carlo analysis is performed for highlighting the importance of the proposed modifications to the WLS DSSE. Among others, the analysis indicates that the proposed method converged in all trials, despite including the neutral voltage in the state vector.


This project examines the premise 'Monuments take precedence over Measurements' in order to better understand how it has come into existence and how it has gained such acceptance within the surveying profession. Investigation has been conducted into recent changes to law and/or regulations to determine if they have caused an impact on how the premise is applied to boundary determination and how this impact may affect the surveying profession when examining the process for obtaining approvals for new boundary definitions, in particular with water boundaries. From this research and analysis the aim is to develop a recommended procedure for surveyors to follow which will help facilitate the approval process for new boundary definitions such as with Mean High Water Mark (MHWM) redefinitions.

Within the surveying profession, the premise has received its precedent from numerous Australian law cases with some of the more recognised cases utilising prior discussions
from overseas sources to aid in reaching judgement. These international sources are wide-ranging, but particularly from American experiences. Over the years since these
judgements the principles behind them have evolved to the point that there now exists an approximate hierarchy as to the relative importance of different types of evidence
used in boundary definitions.

This hierarchy has been included in several publications over the years with the most notable being its inclusion in NSW Surveyor General's Directions No.7 (2004). An
amendment was made to water boundary legislation in 2003 which modified the doctrine of erosion, wearing away, and accretion, building up, of land by natural means
in coastal areas causing these types of claims in redefining MHWM to require a much greater level of investigation than was previously required.

A number of sites where a redefinition of MHWM have been applied for are reviewed. These sites show the complexities that arise in different locations and the processes that were followed in the redefinition applications. From an analysis of these study sites a
procedure has been developed which will provide surveyors with a better guideline to follow in preparing redefinition applications. This research has also prompted several recommendations that could enable quicker processing of applications.


This paper critically examines the role of communication In agricultural and rural development In the Kingdom of Swaziland, a small but strategically located country In Southern Africa. The paper discusses the contributions of the government of Swaziland In communication planning for development, but contends that the major flaw In the current approach to development communication In Swaziland has been the undue attention given to the source of development communication and development programmes, rather than the recipients. The paper then proposes a need-based lntegrattve model of communication that recognizes the importance of recipient participation In the planning, dissemination and diffusion of development programmes.


At room temperature, the mid-infrared spectra of geometrically frustrated natural atacamite (hydroxyl copper chloride, beta-Cu2(OH)3Cl) in the range of 4 000-400 cm(-1) were measured by FTIR spectrometers, and meanwhile its Raman spectrum in the range of 4 000-95 cm(-1) was obtained by Jobin Yvon LabRAM HR800 Raman spectrometer. According to its crystal structure parameters, the authors confirmed the characteristic peaks of sample 4 000-2 500-1 000 cm(-1) in the functional group region and 1 000-550-200-95 cm(-1) in the fingerprint region, and also explored its microscopic origin Five distinct regions were assigned: the hydroxyl stretching vibration v(O-H) determined by the overall environment around the hydroxyl group; the overtones generated by the sum or multiplication of fundamental frequencies of hydroxyl bending vibration; the hydroxyl bending vibration modes delta(O-H) of the combination of delta(Cu-O-H) and delta(O-H...HCl); the vibration modes of strongly bonded planar CuO4 units; the vibration modes of weakly bonded linear-triatomic chain Cl-Cu-O/Cl. The bands were assigned in accordance with its crystal structure parameters, which is more reasonable to establish the relationship between its molecular structure and its respective spectral properties.


C-dot is a 0-dimensional nanoparticle with photoluminescence properties and can be synthesized from plants, such as the Kesumba Keling plant. Kesumba Keling contains a red pigment sourced from the bixin and norbixin dyes containing functional groups like ‒ COOH and ‒ COO ‒ . These functional groups are anticipated to enhance the luminescence intensity produced by C-dot. This research focuses on synthesizing C-dots from Kesumba Keling seeds and seedpods using hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. It also involves an analysis of how different solvents and passivation agents affect the luminescence of C-dots, along with a comparison of the resulting fluorescent colors. The highest yield, at 73.26%, was achieved when using Kesumba Keling seedpods and ethanol as the solvent without adding urea. Furthermore, C-dots synthesized using ethanol as the solvent display a stronger luminescent glow compared to those produced using double-distilled water as the solvent. Additionally, all C-dots synthesized in this study emit a blue luminescence. Characterizing C-dots using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer reveals absorption peaks at two different wavelengths: 260 ‒ 280 nm and 320 ‒ 340 nm. These absorption peak results align with C-dot characteristics, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. When comparing the intensity of C-dots, those derived from Kesumba Keling peel using the double-distilled water solvent with the addition of urea exhibit a higher intensity (measuring at 0.99) than C-dots obtained from Kesumba Keling peel using ethanol as a solvent with added urea. The solvothermal method is deemed the most effective for C-dot synthesis, as it yields the highest luminescence intensity, accompanied by an emission wavelength shift to 491.65 nm.


Effects of the repetitive current pulses of microstimulation on spatio-temporal neuronal excitations in the primary visual cortex in mouse cerebral slices in vitro were examined by utilizing the voltage-sensitive dye imaging technique. The amplitude and spatial extent of the population spike directly induced by the stimulus pulse was significantly reduced in response to successive stimulus pulses at 200 Hz. This suggested that the high-frequency microstimulation may not be efficient for inducing the neuronal spiking, at least, in vitro.


High performance computing systems are today composed of tens of thousands of processors and deep memory hierarchies. The next generation of machines will further increase the unbalance between I/O capabilities and processing power. To reduce the pressure on I/Os, the in situ analytics paradigm proposes to process the data as closely as possible to where and when the data are produced. Processing can be embedded in the simulation code, executed asynchronously on helper cores on the same nodes, or performed in transit on staging nodes dedicated to analytics. Today, software environnements as well as usage scenarios still need to be investigated before in situ analytics become a standard practice. In this paper we introduce a framework for designing, deploying and executing in situ scenarios. Based on a component model, the scientist designs analytics workflows by first developing processing components that are next assembled in a dataflow graph through a Python script. At runtime the graph is instantiated according to the execution context, the framework taking care of deploying the application on the target architecture and coordinating the analytics workflows with the simulation execution. Component coordination, zero-copy intra-node communications or inter-nodes data transfers rely on per-node distributed daemons. We evaluate various scenarios performing in situ and in transit analytics on large molecular dynamics systems simulated with Gromacs using up to 2048 cores. We show in particular that analytics processing can be performed on the fraction of resources the simulation does not use well, resulting in a limited impact on the simulation performance (less than 9%). Our more advanced scenario combines in situ and in transit processing to compute a molecular surface based on the Quick surf algorithm.


This remarkable book is, the author tells us, an exercise in 'a form of archival archaeology'. The reason is that so much of the fabric of the Ferrara created by Ercole d'Este, second Duke of Ferrara, was destroyed by an earthquake in 1570. Dr Tuohy's exhaustive research in the remarkably full, largely unstudied, archives provided him with the raw material for a 'reconstruction' which his imagination and lucid prose have brought about. At the end of the book, one has a more intimate knowledge of Ercole's Ferrara than of many surviving cities. The author's command of the documentation is total; but so is his knowledge of every scrap of original building and of the lay-out of the city. The principal glory of Ercole's court was a complex of buildings that formed the ducal palace, which included the Palazzo del Corte, the Castel Vecchio (surviving, but much changed in the sixteenth century) and a number of important gardens. In addition, he built palaces and villas elsewhere in the city and in the surrounding countryside; his ecclesiastical programme created fourteen foundations between 1493 and 1505 alone, and enlarged twelve others. Like Ferigo da Montefeltro, Ercole funded much of this work out of his career as a condottiere, and his absence under contract to Florence in 1479 provided the first big opportunity and the money to transform his already considerable inheritance of buildings into a new ducal palace. Then, in 1492, Ercole set about doubling the size of the city as a whole. If little visibly remains of Ercole's ducal capital, we are left in no doubt that it was, as the author asserts, 'as splendid as any in Italy'. Dr Tuohy has recourse to the account books to take us step by step through the transformation of the city and room by room through the vanished palace. The detail is immense (the number of bricks used, their price, the names of workmen, the colour of the paint, the type of carving) but it is always pertinently deployed and never overwhelming. The fact that the book is so readable owes much to the pleasing style in which it is written, but also to its admirable organization into broad chapters (for example, and tellingly, 'The ephemera of magnificence') cleverly sub-divided into manageable essays on specific topics. This highly original, even radical, book, invites us to reconsider our fundamental assumptions about the nature of the 'renaissance' itself. The rich mixture of culture at the Ferrara court as revealed here has perhaps more to tell us now than the familiar astringencies of Florence. Dr Tuohy clearly demonstrates that Ercole d'Este was a major patron of the arts, 'the most prolific builder of the fifteenth century', without peer as an architect among his contemporaries, not excluding the Medici: indeed, especially not excluding the Medici. For the sake of his posthumous fame, however, Ercole desperately needed a Vasari. In a sense, he may finally have found one.


Wireless networks are poised to enable a variety of existing and emerging multimedia streaming applications. As the use of wireless local area networks spreads beyond simple data transfer to bandwidth-intense, delay-sensitive, and loss-tolerant multimedia applications, addressing quality of service issues become extremely important. Currently, a multitude of protection and adaptation strategies exists in the different layers of the open systems interconnection (OSI) stack. Hence, an in-depth understanding and comparative evaluation of these strategies are necessary to effectively assess and enable the possible trade-offs in multimedia quality, power consumption, implementation complexity, and spectrum utilization that are provided by the various OSI layers. This further opens the question of cross-layer optimization and its effectiveness in providing an improved solution with respect to the above trade-offs. In this article we formalize the cross-layer problem, discuss its challenges, and present several possible solutions. Moreover, we also discuss the impact the cross-layer optimization strategy deployed at one station has on the multimedia performance of other stations. We introduce a new fairness concept for wireless multimedia systems that employs different cross-layer strategies, and show its advantages when compared to existing resource allocation mechanisms used in wireline communications. Finally, we propose a new paradigm for wireless communications based on competition, which allows wireless stations to harvest additional resources or free up resources as well as optimally and dynamically adapt their cross-layer transmission strategies to improve multimedia quality and/or power consumption.


The paper is a reflection on the book The New Science of Politics: An Introduction by the German-American political philosopher Eric Voegelin. The book is considered as a classic work in the field of the political theory of the 20th century. The first edition of the book was published in 1952, but its Russian translation was only completed in 2021. The author notes that although Voegelin's thought is clear, the reading of the work may be difficult because Voegelin re-invents the terms that were already established in the scientific field, such as positivism, Gnosticism, the philosophy of history, the philosophy of consciousness, etc. To clarify the thinker's contribution to political philosophy, the author addresses several studies that describe this contribution. After a brief enumeration of the components of this 'contribution', the author discusses how fully these points are reflected in The New Science of Politics. It turns out that although this work is based on six lectures, it contains all the topics of Voegelin's political theory. The author further clarifies several key terms of the philosopher, and proceeds to the presentation of Voegelin's concept. This technique makes Voegelin's political theory crystal clear. Finally, the author turns to the context of "before-Rawls" political theory and briefly describes how the jurist and (later) political scientist Hans Kelsen reacted to Voegelin's work. The author also analyses the polemics between Hannah Arendt and Voegelin, explaining why Arendt's reaction to Voegelin's criticism might seem strange, although it should not be considered as such. He concludes by referring to some excellent assessments of Voegelin's philosophy, and states that the great hope that Voegelin would become the most important philosopher of the twentieth century did not come true.


Recurrent and serious otitis media, and 2 Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia episodes evoked an immune system deficiency in a 6-year-old girl. Upon investigation of the complement system, CH50 activity was moderately reduced and C4 antigen level was normal contrasting with low C3 antigen level. Factor 1 was undetectable. Factor I deficiency is rare, and its diagnosis has important practical consequences. Thanks to preventive antibiotic therapy with penicillin V and vaccinations against Neisseria meningitidis and S. pneumoniae, life expectancy and quality of this child can be significantly improved.


A test has been developed to detect the clustering of cases of a disease within households. An example of the calculations on some data from a filariasis survey is given, but the test could more generally be applied to any disease whose natural history is unknown, and where a test of space-time interaction is impractical. The test is compared to that of Mathen and Chakraborty. The pair statistic used was shown to have slightly higher power than the Mathen statistic for some simulated epidemics using alternative hypotheses with a probability of infection which was linear in the number of cases currently in the household. This power difference might be expected to increase with alternatives having a more extreme form of clustering than that with the linear infection probability function. The calculation of the moments of the pair statistic under the null is considerably simpler than for the Mathen statistic; this is particularly true with unequal house sizes. Further, the pair statistic has a distribution which is in general at least as well approximated by the normal as is the Mathen statistic.


BACKGROUND
Neurodegenerative disorder are persistently increasing and relentlessly affecting the individuals, families and society as whole. Regrettably these disorders are resistant to the available drugs, the outcomes are only palliative while the side effects of the therapy harm the patient compliance as well as treatment. Drugs from venomous source have been considered as an effective alternative for such types of disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Due to emerging advancement in the field of proteomics, genomics and molecular biology, characterization and screening of these novel compounds become more assessable.

CONCLUSION
In this reverence, the present study reviews the current consideration of the mode of action and the future prediction concerning the use of novel compounds isolated from arthropods and other venomous animals in the treatment of major neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.


A nanoplasmonic "transceiver" was assembled to examine the efficiency of coupled plasmonic antennas and their resonance interactions. In particular, plasmonic focusing receiver antenna coupled to transmitting annular antenna having a short central plasmonic wire was measured. The receiver collected incoming radially polarized light and efficiently focused and coupled it to a rear side transmitter comprised of a short resonant plasmonic wire and annular aperture. Transmission spectra exhibited a substantial signature of the wire Fabry-Perot resonances. The wire antenna crossection was improved by nearly 3 orders of magnitude by the focusing antenna system.


With the advent of System-On-Chip (SOC) technology, there is a pressing need to enhance the quality of design tools available and increase the level of abstraction at which hardware is designed, implemented and programmed. This would reduce the gap between what is currently achievable technologically, and what hardware engineers are capable to produce given time to market constraints. Hardware development should hence become easier and less time consuming, without scarifying the implementation efficiency. Towards this goal, we present in this paper a simple structural high-level hardware language called HIDE+, particularly suitable for the rapid generation of highly parameterised, and highly efficient, hardware cores. We detail the syntax and semantics of HIDE+ and illustrate how highly scaleable, parameterised and optimised architectures can be described and automatically generated from it, using a small set of constructors. HIDE+ offers a much more abstract way of describing hardware than is possible with traditional hardware description languages such as VHDL or Verilog. Although less abstract and extensive than other electronic system language environments, HIDE+ does not compromise on hardware efficiency. It can thus be of great use to SOC design as an Intellectual Property (IP) development environment.


ABSTRACT Using an isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus that is less susceptible in vivo to amphotericin B than most other isolates, we compared different doses of liposomal nystatin (L-nystatin), liposomal amphotericin B (L-amphotericin), and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) with amphotericin B deoxycholate. Four experiments with intravenously infected neutropenic mice were conducted. A dose of L-nystatin at 10 mg/kg of body weight was toxic (the mice had fits or respiratory arrest). The optimal dosage of L-nystatin was 5 mg/kg daily on days 1, 2, 4, and 7 (90% survival). This was superior to L-amphotericin (5 mg/kg [P = 0.24] and 1 mg/kg [P < 0.0001]), ABLC (5 mg/kg [P = 0.014] and 1 mg/kg [P < 0.0001]), and amphotericin B deoxycholate (5 mg/kg [P = 0.008]). In terms of liver and kidney cultures, L-nystatin (5 mg/kg) was superior to all other regimens (P = 0.0032 and <0.0001, respectively). Higher doses of L-amphotericin (25 and 50 mg/kg) in one earlier experiment were more effective (100% survival) than 1 mg of L-amphotericin per kg and amphotericin deoxycholate (5 mg/kg) in terms of mortality and both liver and kidney culture results and to L-amphotericin (5 mg/kg) in terms of liver and kidney culture results only. ABLC (25 mg/kg) given daily for 7 days was superior to ABLC (50 mg/kg [P = 0.03]) but not to ABLC at 5 mg/kg or amphotericin B deoxycholate in terms of mortality, although it was in terms of liver and kidney culture results. No dose-response for amphotericin B (5 and 1 mg/kg) was demonstrable. In conclusion, in this stringent model, high doses of L-amphotericin and ABLC could overcome reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B deoxycholate, but all were inferior to 5- to 10-fold lower doses of L-nystatin.


This paper describes the design of a measurement system for supraharmonic emissions in the frequency range of 2 to 150 kHz, and analyzes the measurements obtained in real grid scenarios. The measurement system is first characterized in the laboratory. The Design of Experiment approach then uses an adequate number of experiments to identify the effects and interactions of factors responsible for supraharmonic emissions. For each of these experiments, the measured supraharmonic emissions are analyzed and quantified using the discrete Fourier transform. Next, this data is studied using the Analysis of Variance method, which enables identifying the critical factors that generate supraharmonic emissions in the network. The measurement and analysis results show the individual effects and interactions between these factors.


In this study, we elucidated and analyzed the structure of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different regions. This study revealed differences in the structure of the gut mycobiota among Caprinae animals from different geographical environments. Based on previous findings, correlations between fungal and bacterial communities were analyzed. This study adds to previous research that has expanded the present understanding of the gut microbiome of Caprinae animals. ABSTRACT The fungal community, also known as mycobiota, plays pivotal roles in host nutrition and metabolism and has potential to cause disease. However, knowledge of the gut fungal structure in Caprinae is quite limited. In this study, the composition and diversity of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different geographical locations (Anhui, Jilin, Guangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and Tibet) were comprehensively characterized by analyzing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of the fungal community. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, which, respectively, accounted for 90.86 to 95.27% and 2.58 to 7.62% of sequences in samples from each region. Nonetheless, the structure of the gut mycobiota was largely different in Caprinae animals in the different provinces. Therein, Sporormiaceae and Thelebolaceae were the dominant fungal families in the samples from Tibet, whereas their abundance was generally low in other regions. The intestinal diversity of individuals from Guangxi was higher than that in other regions. In addition, there were 114 differential genera among all regions. Finally, the co-occurrence network revealed 285 significant correlations in cross-family pairs in the guts of Caprinae animals, which contained 149 positive and 136 negative relationships, with 96 bacterial and 86 fungal participants at the family level. This study has improved the understanding of the mycobiota of ruminants and provided support for the improvement in animal health and productivity. IMPORTANCE In this study, we elucidated and analyzed the structure of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different regions. This study revealed differences in the structure of the gut mycobiota among Caprinae animals from different geographical environments. Based on previous findings, correlations between fungal and bacterial communities were analyzed. This study adds to previous research that has expanded the present understanding of the gut microbiome of Caprinae animals.


Although HIV is still seen by many as a disease affecting younger adults, it is known that at least 11% of individuals with AIDS in Britain are over the age of 50. It is likely that this older age representation will continue and increase and whilst much is known about the psychological wellbeing of younger individuals with HIV, it is crucial that we consider the differing experiences and needs of older adults with the disease. Fifty-two adults with HIV over the age of 54 were referred to the Department of Psychological Medicine between June 1990 and December 1996. Data for these patients were compared with corresponding information for a random sample of younger patients with HIV. The older adults were found to differ significantly from the younger individuals on a variety of social, psychological and medical variables including social isolation, employment worries, sexuality, previous psychiatric history and stage of HIV at referral. It seems that current HIV services may actually alienate a significant proportion of potential users through not being sensitive to the needs and views of these older individuals. This must be addressed by policy makers and practitioners to ensure that psychiatric and psychological services become more acceptable and accessible to the older adult.


Pulmonary rheumatoid nodules [PRNs] are a well described manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis [RA]. Fungal colonisation of these nodules is a rare phenomenon. We report a case of Aspergillus colonisation of multiple cavitary rheumatoid nodules in a young female patient with long-standing seropositive RA with 'bull's eye' appearance on computed tomography [CT]. The 'bull's eye' appearance inside PRNs should raise the suspicion of possible fungal colonisation. In patients with RA, a high index of suspicion for the fungal colonisation should be considered by the clinicians treating pulmonary cavitary nodules.


Based on the conserved amino acid sequence (DLKPEN) of serine–threonine protein kinase from several fungi, a degenerate primer was designed and synthesized. Total RNA was isolated from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Using RACE-PCR, full-length cDNA of a putative serine–threonine protein kinase gene was cloned from T. lanuginosus. The full-length cDNA of T. lanuginosus protein kinase was 2551 bp and contained an 1806 bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein kinase precursor of 601 amino acid residues. Sequencing analysis showed that the cloned cDNA of T. lanuginosus had consensus protein kinase sequences. Conservative amino acid subdomains which most serine–threonine kinases contain can be found in the deduced amino acid sequence of T. lanuginosus putative protein kinase. Comparison results showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of T. lanuginosus putative protein kinase was highly homologous to that of Neurospora crassa dis1-suppressing protein kinase Dsk1. The putative protein kinase contained three arginine/serine-rich (SR) regions and two transmembrane domains. These showed that it might be a novel putative serine–threonine protein kinase.


This paper analyzes an effective technique for stabilizing pure explicit time dif ferencing in the numerical computation of multidimensional nonlinear parabolic equations. The method uses easily synthesized linear smoothing operators at each time step to quench the instabil ity. Smoothing operators based on positive real powers of the negative Laplacian are helpful, and (−Δ)p can be realized efficiently in rectangular domains using FFT algorithms. The stabilized ex plicit scheme requires no Courant restriction on the time step Δt, and is of great value in computing well-posed parabolic equations on fine meshes, by simply lagging the nonlinearity at the previous time step. Such stabilization leads to a distortion away from the true solution. However, that error is often small enough to allow useful results in many problems of interest. The stabilized explicit scheme is also stable when run backward in time. This allows for rel atively easy and useful computation of a significant class of multidimensional nonlinear backward parabolic equations, and complements the quasi-reversibility method. In the canonical case of linear autonomous selfadjoint backward parabolic equations, with solutions satisfying prescribed bounds, it is proved that the stabilized explicit scheme can produce results that are nearly best-possible. Such backward reconstructions are of increasing interest in environmental forensics, where contaminant transport is often modeled by advection dispersion equations. The paper uses fictitious mathematically blurred 512 × 512 pixel images as illustrative examples. Such images are associated with highly irregular jagged intensity data surfaces that can severely chal lenge ill-posed nonlinear reconstruction procedures. Instructive computational experiments demon strate the capabilities of the method in 2D rectangular regions.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the influence of location and movement on subtourniquet pressure (STP) generated by application of a wide-rubber tourniquet (WRT) on equine limbs.

STUDY DESIGN
Randomized experimental cross-over design.

ANIMALS
Six standing, sedated horses.

METHODS
Horses were sedated with detomidine hydrochloride (0.2 μg/kg IV), and 4 investigators applied WRTs to the antebrachium (AB), gaskin (GK), and midmetacarpus (MC) of each horse in a predetermined, randomized order. Subtourniquet pressure was consequently measured at 10-minute intervals (T0, T10, T20, T30) for 30 minutes. Indirect systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured presedation, postsedation, and throughout the tourniquet application period. Target STP was established as SBP + 100 mm Hg. Limb movements at each location were classified as none, low, moderate, or high, on the basis of counts and magnitude.

RESULTS
Mean STP did not change with time (P = .93) and exceeded SBP by 163 mm Hg (95% CI 122-205), 185 mm Hg (95% CI 156-214), and 402 mm Hg (95% CI 351-454) at the AB, GK, and MC, respectively. Mean STP at each location exceeded the target STP in 59 of 70 (81%) of the trials. Limb movements affected STP generated by tourniquets at the AB (P = .04) and MC (P < .0001) but not at the GK (P = .67).

CONCLUSION
Wide-rubber tourniquets applied at the AB, GK, and MC generated STP >100 mm Hg above SBP for 30 minutes in standing, sedated horses.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Wide-rubber tourniquets as applied in this study can achieve and maintain the current recommended STP (SBP + 100 mm Hg) for equine IV regional limb perfusion. Number and magnitude of limb movement can decrease STP over time, potentially reducing the efficacy of a WRT.


BACKGROUND
Nephrin is an essential protein for maintaining the normal structure of the podocyte foot process and the glomerular filtration barrier. To analyse the mechanism of proteinuria and treatment of nephrotic syndrome, we produced and characterized polyclonal anti-human nephrin antibodies using a newly developed genetic immunization technique.

METHODS
An expression vector with full-length or fragmented cDNA of human nephrin protein was administered to female Lewis rats once a week for 12 weeks using a gene-gun method. Antibody production against different fragments of nephrin protein was then analysed by ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation and FACS analysis. We also analysed recognition of native nephrin protein using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, and conducted a functional analysis of in vitro clustering of nephrin protein.

RESULTS
Serum anti-nephrin antibody titers reached a maximum level at 8 or 12 weeks. Four of five antibodies induced with cDNA of five different Ig-like motif fragments showed antigen-specific binding to Escherichia coli and produced recombinant human nephrin protein. Only two of these four antibodies, plus one antibody induced by full-length human nephrin protein cDNA, bound to solubilized native nephrin protein. These three IgG antibodies, subclasses IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b, showed fine granular staining along the glomerular basement membrane of normal human glomeruli and clustering of human nephrin protein on plasma membranes of HEK293 cells.

CONCLUSIONS
We successfully produced polyclonal anti-human nephrin antibodies by genetic immunization using nephrin cDNA. These new antigen-specific polyclonal antibodies will be useful for functional analysis and tissue staining of native nephrin protein.


Abstract Here we present a method to combine half-hourly publicly available electrical generation and interconnector operational data for Great Britain to create a timeseries that approximates its electrical demand. We term the calculated electrical demand 'ESPENI' that is an acronym for Elexon Sum Plus Embedded Net Imports. The method adds value to the original data by combining both transmission and distribution generation data into a single dataset and adding ISO 8601 compatible datetimes to increase interoperability with other timeseries data. Data cleansing is undertaken by visually flagging data errors and then using simple linear interpolation to impute values to replace the flagged data. Publishing the method allows it to be further enhanced or adapted and to be considered and critiqued by a wider community. In addition, the published raw and cleaned data is a valuable resource that saves researchers considerable time in repeating the steps presented in the method to prepare the data for further analysis. The data is a public record of the decarbonisation of Great Britain's electrical system since late 2008, widely seen as an example of rapid decarbonisation of an electrical system away from fossil fuel generation to lower carbon sources.


Maps are a crucial item of evidence in international law, yet their limitations in terms of constructing reality are not usually considered in depth. Maps are not objective, but rather subjective, and hence political, documents. International courts and tribunals, and international negotiations, often apply maps as if they were unimpeachable. After all, they do appear on their face to be scientific instruments, depicting a photographic and naturalistic representation of reality. However, they are not naturally occurring themselves; they are constructions that function as imperfect models, representing reality for certain purposes. For whatever purposes the map is used, the map must be evaluated, and perhaps deconstructed. This article will examine the various ways in which maps are products of choices, errors and assumptions, and the implications those limitations have for maps when they serve as evidence in international relations.


OBJECTIVE Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a chemokine involved into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and has prognostic value in the acute and chronic phases in patients with acute coronary syndromes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MCP-1/CCL2 concentration was measured in plasma fractions of 363 middle-aged overweight/obese individuals (aged 61 ± 12 years, BMI 30.1 ± 6.6 kg/m2, 15% with type 2 diabetes, and 12% with impaired glucose tolerance) of a population survey carried out in 1990–1991 in Lombardy, Italy (Cremona Study), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was assessed in 2006 through Regional Health Registry files. RESULTS At baseline MCP-1/CCL2 was increased in individuals with type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05) and showed significant correlations with biochemical risk markers of atherosclerosis. After 15 years, among the 363 subjects, there were 82 deaths due to CVD. In univariate analysis age, sex, fasting glucose and insulin, fibrinogen, glucose tolerance status, smoking habit, and MCP-1/CCL2 were associated with CVD mortality. Age, sex, fasting serum glucose, MCP-1/CCL2, and smoking habit maintained an independent association with CVD mortality in multiple regression analysis. In a subgroup of 113 subjects in whom data for C-reactive protein (CRP) were available, its level was not predictive of CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged overweight/obese individuals MCP-1/CCL2 was independently associated with CVD mortality. Further studies will be necessary to establish its role as a surrogate biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target.


In Indonesia, generally the nutrition status value standart use World Health Organization-National Centre for Health Statistics (WHO-NCHS) which written in go healthy card. The method apply computing z-score for indicator by weight body against age. The research objective could get ordinal logistic regression bagging on cluster child nutrient status whereas nutrient status standart WHONCHS. The cluster child nutrition status gotten by cluster analysis method, meanwhile classification function gotten by ordinal logistic regression logit models. The biggest decision result of cluster nutrition status bagging by bootstrap replication 60 times is 76,3%, which capable to decrease classification fail through 22%. Nevertheless, the bagging of WHO-NCHS child nutrition status classification can raise classification decision of one data set model from 75,9% to 76,6%.


PURPOSE
To determine whether low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) affects the rate of early lung cancer detection in a high-risk population, how that rate compares with the rate given in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), whether using LD-CT provides a stage shift in lung cancer, and whether NLST results are reproducible.

METHODS
Patient medical records from a Kentucky community hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who were included had received LD-CT scans from January 2015 through December 2017, were aged 55 years to 79 years, had smoked for at least 30 pack-years or quit smoking in the past 15 years and were able to lie on their backs with their arms over their heads. Patients with any previous cancer were excluded. Retrospective chart review employed to collect data, and summarized quantitative data were used as measures of central tendency (ie, mean and mode).

RESULTS
The study included 2924 patients, with 1483 men (50.7%) and 1441 women (49.3%). Sixty-six patients (42 men, 24 women) had lung cancer, all of whom smoked a maximum of 3.5 packs of cigarettes a day. Of the 66 patients, 7 patients (10.6%) died during the 3-year study timeframe. The study found an average of 2 cancer diagnoses per 100 LD-CT scans, whereas the NLST noted 1 diagnosis for every 320 scans. Mortality rate was associated with lung cancer in this high-risk population, calculated at 239 per 100 000 patients.

DISCUSSION
Compared with NLST findings, this current study found that lung cancer is diagnosed in Kentucky residents at a higher rate, and that this group is at greater risk for developing smoking-related lung cancer. In addition, LD-CT is useful in early lung cancer detection for asymptomatic, high-risk populations and can improve quality of life, prolong life, and reduce overall health care costs.

CONCLUSION
Lung cancer is a public health care problem in the United States and specifically in Kentucky. This situation might improve if legislation prioritizes educating the medical community about the tools available for early detection of lung cancer, including LD-CT.


ZnO films grown on sapphire substrates are implanted with 100-keV Li ions up to a total dose of 1×1016 cm−2. Vacancy-type defects, mostly vacancy clusters, are observed by positron annihilation measurements after implantation. Upon annealing, they first have an agglomeration process which leads to the growth in the vacancy size. After annealing at about 500°C, vacancy clusters grow into microvoids, which is indicated by the positronium formation. With annealing temperature increases to above 500°C, the microvoids begin to recover, and finally all the implantation-induced vacancy defects are removed at 1000°C. No Li nanoclusters can be observed after Li+ implantation.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a program in a domestic violence shelter that focuses on strengthening the connections between mothers and children. The program draws on trauma theory, art therapy, and a recursive model of communication. The paper describes how psychoeducation about the physiological and psychological effects of trauma is helpful to the families. It illustrates how art therapy is used to help the children express and communicate their experience of family violence. The recursive model of sharing information is explained and demonstrated, using examples of issues that frequently arise in the art therapy sessions. These three components used together promote communication within the family and strengthen safe connections.


Purpose Describe the incidence and characteristics of sport-related internal organ injuries due to direct contact mechanisms among high school (HS) and collegiate athletic participants from 2005/06–2014/15. Methods Data from three national sports injury surveillance systems were analysed: High School Reporting Information Online (RIO; HS), National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (ISP; college), and the National Centre for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research (NCCSIR; college and HS). Internal organ injuries were defined as: affecting the internal organs (e.g., kidney, lung); due to direct contact mechanism; resulting in medical care and time loss of 1 or more days (RIO and ISP) or temporary or permanent disability or death (NCCSIR). Descriptive statistics (stratified by surveillance system) included frequencies and incidence rates per 1,000,000 athlete-exposures and 95% confidence intervals (IR: 95% CI). Results During the ten-year period, 174 internal organ injuries were captured across the three systems: 124 HS (RIO); 41 collegiate (ISP); and 9 catastrophic (NCCSIR). Most non-catastrophic internal organ injuries occurred among males (85% RIO; 89% ISP), in football (65% RIO; 58% ISP), during competition (67% RIO; 49% ISP) and due to player-player contact (78% RIO; 68% ISP). The highest rates of injury were in male contact sports: RIO: HS football (IR=11.7: 9.1–14.2), HS lacrosse (IR=10.0: 3.1–16.9); ISP: college football (IR=8.3: 5.0–11.6), college ice hockey (IR=7.9: 1.0–14.7). A quarter of internal organ injuries were season-ending (25% RIO; 23% ISP). Of the 9 catastrophic injuries (NCCSIR), most occurred in high school (7/9) and football (7/9) and were due to player-player contact (6/9). Four resulted in death and 5 resulted in disability. Conclusions Direct contact internal organ injuries occur infrequently, yet when they do occur, may result in severe outcomes. Significance These findings suggest early recognition and a better understanding of the activities associated with the event and use/non-use of protective equipment is needed.


ABSTRACT Patients with celiac disease have an increased risk for severe influenza infection and they show less of a response to certain vaccine types. During the influenza A/H1N1/09 pandemic, we prospectively investigated pandemic vaccine responses in 14 pediatric patients with celiac disease and age-/sex-matched controls. All of the children with celiac disease reached protective antibody titers (≥40) and showed a geometric mean titer comparable with the control group (530 vs 573).


Hypertonic glucose, fructose, and sorbitol solutions were given intravenously to women in the first stage of labour who had ketonuria and ketonaemia as evidenced by a raised blood acetoacetate and 3-hydrosybutyrate. There was no difference in the antiketogenic action of these, which was rapid and effective, but when compared with a control group who were given normal saline they had a high incidence of hyperlactataemia, and nine out of 28 patients developed lactic acidosis after the infusions. The "lactatogenic" effect was shared by all three substrates, and when they are used in the treatment of ketosis of labour, and the mother develops lactic acidosis, they might exacerbate pre-existing lactic acidosis and precipitate fetal distress.