Small Micro Enterprises in retail sector is currently faced many problems, declining sales, difficulty in obtaining supplies, impeded dilivery and distribution, lack of information technology knowledge and business network barriers. This study aims to determine the business management strategies of Ali Murah Shop Madinah post Covid-19 pandemic as retail practice description in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The study refers to Henry Mintzberg strategy (position, plan, perspective, project, dan prepare). Research type is descriptive and data collection methods using structured interviews conducted to 3 informan. This research also used social learning approaches to get deeply analysis. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative. The results of the study explained that business management strategy post pandemic Covid-19 Ali Murah Shop Madinah can be implemented in order to get improvement and sustainable development attached by management strengthening in marketing, human resources, finance and operations field as strategic steps to create an efficient and effective business existence. Furthermore, regarding social learning approaches, Ali Murah Shop Madinah are required to have good knowledge management and absorptive capacity especially in protocol which prevent Covid-19 transmission. Future research is expected to get empiricaly analysis for objective result obtaining that also supported by quantitative and qualitative analyze (mix methods).


The field-induced multiferroic transition in TbMnO3 has been studied by neutron scattering. Apart strong hysteresis, the magnetic transition associated with the flop of electronic polarization exhibits a memory effect: after a field sweep, TbMnO3 does not exhibit the same phase as that obtained by zero-field cooling. The strong changes in the magnetic excitations across the transition perfectly agree with a rotation of the cycloidal spiral plane indicating that the inverse Dzyaloshinski-Moriya coupling causes the giant magnetoelectric effect at the field-induced transition. The analysis of the zone-center magnetic excitations identifies the electromagnon of the multiferroic high-field phase.


Due to the ever-increasing global competition in the market, most Taiwan companies have attempted to transform their business from OEM to ODM, and thus continue to create niche values. "One-stop Shopping" design services have emerged as an innovative business model during this trend, particularly in high-tech industries. In this model, a design company collaborates with various manufacturing companies integrates different core competences, leverages individual resources, and thus offers complete product development services as a virtual enterprise. International customers can outsource NPD as a whole to the service team through a leading design company. This paper describes such a business innovation based collaborations of SME's. Important findings regarding the innovation are generalized from a case study, including value creations, potential risks, and enabling methods. Finally, we propose a protection buffer theory that facilitates the execution of this business model.


Hereditary variation of 21 blood proteins coded by 22 monomorphic and 9 polymorphic loci was compared in 171 couples and 120 women with repeated spontaneous abortions in anamnesis (experimental group) and 183 couples with normal fertility (control group). Significant elevation of frequency of rare protein electrophoretic variants, marked deviation in distribution of genotypes for polymorphic loci, alteration in observed heterozygosity level were not found in experimental group. Statistically significant decrease in average value of D index (D = (hobs-hexp)/hexp; hobs, hexp--observed and expected heterozygosity per locus) was found in women of experimental group.


Musculoskeletal rheumatoid arthritis is a disease that effects many elderly, the disease causes many such complaints, sore feet, knees, hips, waist, arms, neck and various other joints, and con sequences of the disease rheumatoid arthritis may experience paralysis due to spinal damage. With the high number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis due to the increasing number of eldrly in particular boast in the Tarok Dipo villages community health centers Guguk Panjang Bukittinggi working area, one effort to reduce rheumatoid arthritis pain that is with a warm lemongrass compress because lemongrass contains the enzyme cylo – oxygenase and has a pharmacological effect that is hot and spicy flavor that can reduce pain in patiens with rheumatoid arthritis. This study aims to look at the influence of warm lemongrass compress to decrease the intensity of pain in the elderly rheumatoid arthritis Tarok Dipo villages community health centers Guguk Panjang Bukittinggi working area. This study used an experimental metnod of one-group pretest-postest design using a total sampling with a sample of 20 people, collecting data through interviews with measuring outcomes assessment using the numeric rating scale and with observation we can get result with used scale Wong Barker (Scale Face), mean pain intensity before a warm lemongrass compress 4,90 and after warm lemongrass compress 2,95. The results abtained rheumatoid arthritis pain intensity difference before and after warm lemongrass compress. This is evidenced by the t-test t value obtained at 10,563 with a significance value = 0,000, with a warm lemongrass compress these results can be used as an alternative to reduce pain intensity and pain felt by the elderly suffering rheumatoid arthritis. It was concluded that a warm lemongrass compress effect on rheumatoid arthritis decrease pain intensity and can be resumed as intervention can be carried out independently by people with rheumatoid arthritis


BACKGROUND
In older women covered by Medicare, relationships among physician recommendation, mammography in the past 2 years, and clinical breast examination (CBE) in the past year were systematically explored with a variety of predisposing, enabling, and situational factors identified in the Systems Model of Clinical Preventive Care.

METHODS
A population-based survey of women age 65 years and older was conducted in five National Cancer Institute's Breast Cancer Screening Consortium geographic areas. Analyses focused on women with a regular physician and site of care (n = 5318).

RESULTS
Physician recommendation and mammography use declined with women's increasing age and increased with income, education, and insurance. CBE and mammography increased with number of physicians and breast cancer family history; mammography use decreased with worsening health status. Recommendations were higher among physicians who were younger, female, and internists. Family practitioners were older and male; women who saw family practitioners reported characteristics associated with decreased screening-lower income, education, and insurance-and seeing only one physician.

CONCLUSIONS
Public policy and health system changes that create a uniform system of finance and service performance expectations may reduce the persistent discrepancy in physician recommendation and mammography use due to sociodemographics and physician specialty.


46BR is a human fibroblast strain derived from an immunodeficient young female of stunted growth. The diploid fibroblasts as well as a Simian Virus 40-transformed cell line are hypersensitive to killing by many DNA-damaging agents, exhibit a slightly increased level of spontaneous sister chromatid exchange, and show a defect in DNA ligation in vivo. 46BR is now shown to have abnormal DNA ligase I and is similar in this regard to cell lines derived from Bloom's syndrome patients. In a direct comparison, both 46BR and several Bloom's syndrome lines were found to be hypersensitive to the cytotoxic effect of simple alkylating agents, 46BR being more markedly sensitive. Bloom's syndrome lines do not exhibit the strong delay in joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication characteristic of 46BR. The cell line 46BR probably has a mutation in the gene encoding DNA ligase I different from those occurring in classical cases of Bloom's syndrome.


This paper presents the experimental results of an on-going research project on geopolymer lightweight concrete using two locally available waste materials—low calcium fly ash (FA) and oil palm shell (OPS)—as the binder and lightweight coarse aggregate, respectively. OPS was pretreated with three different alkaline solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide, and sodium silicate as well as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for 30 days; afterwards, oil palm shell geopolymer lightweight concrete (OPSGPC) was cast by using both pretreated and untreated OPSs. The effect of these solutions on the water absorption of OPS, and the development of compressive strength in different curing conditions of OPSGPC produced by pretreated OPS were investigated; subsequently the influence of NaOH concentration, alkaline solution to FA ratio (A/FA), and different curing regimes on the compressive strength and density of OPSGPC produced by untreated OPS was inspected. The 24-hour water absorption value for OPS pretreated with 20% and 50% PVA solution was about 4% compared to 23% for untreated OPS. OPSGPC produced from OPS treated with 50% PVA solution produced the highest compressive strength of about 30 MPa in ambient cured condition. The pretreatment with alkaline solution did not have a significant positive effect on the water absorption of OPS aggregate and the compressive strength of OPSGPC. The result revealed that a maximum compressive strength of 32 MPa could be obtained at a temperature of 65°C and curing period of 4 days. This investigation also found that an A/FA ratio of 0.45 has the optimum amount of alkaline liquid and it resulted in the highest level of compressive strength.


OBJECTIVE
After axonal injury, macrophages rapidly infiltrate and become activated in the mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) but not the central nervous system (CNS). We used the dorsal root pathway to study factors that modulate the response of macrophages to degenerating axons in both the PNS and the CNS.

METHODS
Lewis rats underwent transection of dorsal roots (Group 1), stab within the spinal cord (Group II), crush at the dorsal root entry zone (Group III), transection of dorsal roots combined with a CNS lesion (Group IV), or systemic administration of a known activator of macrophages, lipopolysaccharide, alone (Group V) or combined with transection of dorsal roots (Group VI). ED-1 antibody stained for macrophages and activated microglia at 7, 14, and 42 days postinjury.

RESULTS
At early time points, Group I demonstrated ED-1 cells in the PNS but not the CNS portion of the degenerating dorsal roots. Group II revealed ED-1 cells near the stab lesion. Group III demonstrated ED-1 cells adjacent to the dorsal root entry zone crush site. Group IV revealed ED-1 cells along both the PNS and the CNS portions of the degenerating dorsal roots when the CNS lesion was placed near the transected roots. Group V demonstrated few ED-1 cells in the PNS and the CNS, whereas Group VI revealed a marked ED-1 cellular response along both the PNS and the CNS portions of the transected dorsal roots.

CONCLUSION
Local CNS trauma and systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide can "prime" macrophages/microglia, resulting in an enhanced response to degenerating axons in the CNS. Such priming might prove useful in promoting axonal regeneration.


The primary purpose of this research is to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species generated by estrogen quinonoids are the main source for the formation of aldehydic DNA lesions (ADL) in genomic DNA. ADL induced by quinonoid metabolites of 17beta-estradiol (E2), e.g. 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), estrogen-3,4-quinones (E2-3,4-Q) and estrogen- 2,3-quinone (E2-2,3-Q), were investigated in calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) under physiological conditions. The abasic sites resulting from the spontaneous depurination-depyrimidination of the modified bases and the aldehydic base and sugar lesions resulting from the oxidative damage to deoxyribose moieties in the DNA molecules were measured by an aldehyde reactive probe and were estimated as the number of ADL per 106 nucleotides. With the addition of NADPH (100 micro M) and Cu(II) (20 micro M), nanomolar levels (100 nM) of 4-OH-E2 and 2-OH-E2 induced approximately 10-fold increases in the number of ADL over control (P<0.001). In parallel, increases in 8-oxoguanine were detected in DNA exposed to 4-OH-E2 and 2-OH-E2 (100 nM) plus Cu(II) and NADPH. Further investigation indicated that the ADL induced by estrogen catechols plus Cu(II) and NADPH were causally involved in the formation of hydrogen peroxide and Cu(I). Both E2-2,3-Q and E2-3,4-Q alone induced a 2-fold increase in the number of ADL over control (P<0.05) in CT-DNA at high concentrations (1 mM). Neither neutral thermal hydrolysis nor lower ionic strength of the reaction medium induced further increases in the number of ADL in E2-3,4-Q-modified CT-DNA. Conversely, with the inclusion of Cu(II) and NADPH, both E2-3,4-Q and E2-2,3-Q (1 micro M) induced parallel formation of DNA single strand breaks and approximately 20-fold increases in the number of ADL over control (P < 0.001). The data also demonstrated that the ADL induced by estrogen quinones with and without the presence of Cu(II) and NADPH contain 69 and 78% putrescine-excisable ADL in CT-DNA, respectively. Additionally, results of the ADL cleavage assay indicate that the ADL induced by estrogen quinones plus Cu(II) and NADPH in CT-DNA were predominantly T7 exonuclease-excisable (50%) and exonuclease III- excisable (20%) ADL, whereas the intact ADL, and other ADL accounted for 5 and 25%, respectively. These results suggest that the ADL induced by estrogen quinones in CT-DNA are derived from oxidative events rather than depurination/depyrimidination of labile estrogen quinone-DNA adducts. Overall, our results are at variance with the idea that depurination of estrogen quinone-DNA adducts is the major source for the formation of ADL in genomic DNA. We hypothesize that in addition to DNA adducts and oxidized bases, the ADL induced by estrogen quinonoid-mediated oxidative stress may play a role in estrogen-induced carcinogenicity.


The rapid adoption of model-driven design (MDD) methodology in SOA-based solution design requires an adaptive tooling environment that can systematically improve designers' productivity. Ideally, the environment should be flexible enough to both handle frequently changing requirements and support new features without intensive coding efforts. In this paper, we provide a coding-free enablement framework to realize such extensible tooling environments based on a mathematical abstraction of key models in SOA solution design using graph theory definition. This abstraction formalizes the SOA modeling logic and semantics, and also guides the implementation of an extensible and customizable tooling environment. As a case study, we illustrate how our framework is able to transform the development style from Java programming to text editing through our implementation of a UML 2.0 based SOA modeling environment using IBMpsilas Rational Software Architect (RSA) development platform.


Place should not be viewed as a physical space that customers patronize because their service experiences in place are shaped by its occupants. This study investigates the effects of social and physical servicescape cues on customers' perception of hotel image formation. Based on data derived from 138 customers at five star hotels in Cairo, social servicescape cues (service employees, other customers and rapport) have been differentiated with physical servicescape cues (facility Aesthetics, spatial Layout, ambient conditions, signs and symbols) in perceiving hotel image. Consequently, a significant positive relationship was found between the social 0.63 (**) and physical servicescape 0.53 (**) drivers and hotel image formation. Moreover, social servicescape was more influential than the physical one where a significant predictive relationship (p < 0.05) was found between Social and Physical servicescape and hotel image formation with variability of 39.8% and 30.2% respectively.


Intraplate volcanic lineaments include ocean island chains and continental rift systems. Basic lavas erupted in such lineaments form a continuum from tholeiitic basalt in the basements of ocean islands to nephelinites and melilitites in continental rifts and as a capping on ocean islands. All these magma types are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (l.i.l.e.) compared with mid-ocean ridge basalts (m.o.r.b.), although isotopic data suggest that their mantle sources had been depleted in l.i.l.e. for long periods. In this paper we present a comparison of geochemical data from several suites of basic volcanic rocks ranging from Hawaiian tholeiite to Ugandan melilitite. L.i.l.e. abundance patterns can, in most cases, be explained by variable degrees of melting of a l.i.l.e.-depleted m.o.r.b. mantle source containing l.i.l.e.-rich streaks. Metasomatic enrichment of the mantle source is not a necessary precursor to magmatism.


We present a hybrid full-wave/quasi-optical electromagnetic model for the design of lens-integrated THz antennas for high frequency non-contact device characterization (0.1-3 THz). The new non-contact probe setup consists of on-chip receiving and transmitting THz antennas in a co-planar waveguide environment. Commercially available THz-frequency extension modules are used in conjunction with microwave vector network analyzers to excite the probes. A hemispherical lens couples the signals into device-under-test using the on-chip antennas. To maximize antenna-to-device coupling over a wide bandwidth, we developed a hybrid electromagnetic model to optimize the THz antenna topology. This paper is focused on the system level computational analysis of the probe structure. The overall signal coupling performance of the non-contact probe is analyzed in a hybrid fashion by propagating the antenna fields computed from the moment method throughout the quasi-optical system.


Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with IgA nephropathy. To study the pathogenetic mechanism of this association the presence of haematuria and circulating IgA containing immune complexes (IgA ICs) in 70 patients with AS was determined. In this retrospective study haematuria was present in 15 patients and 25 patients had IgA ICs. Circulating IgA ICs were shown in 9/15 (60%) of the patients with haematuria and in 16/55 (29%) of those without haematuria. These results suggest that IgA ICs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis have a pathogenetic role in causing IgA nephropathy.


The configuration spaces of software systems are often too large to test exhaustively. Combinatorial interaction testing approaches, such as covering arrays, systematically sample the configuration space and test only the selected configurations. Traditional t-way covering arrays aim to cover all t-way combinations of option settings in a minimum number of configurations. By doing so, they assume that the testing cost of a configuration is the same for all configurations. In my thesis work, we however argue that, in practice, the actual testing cost may differ from one configuration to another and that accounting for these differences can improve the cost-effectiveness of covering arrays. To this end, we introduced a new novel combinatorial object, called a cost-aware covering array where a t-way cost-aware covering array is a t-way covering array that minimizes a given cost function. As part of progress, we developed an algorithm for a simple, yet important scenario, and the results of our empirical studies suggest that cost-aware covering arrays can greatly reduce the actual cost of testing compared to traditional covering arrays. We also defined a framework for defining the cost function but then we observed that manually creating these cost models is impractical. Hence our first future goal is to develop an approach for automatically discovering cost models for complex configuration spaces. Our second future goal is then to develop algorithms to generate costaware covering arrays for more general cost scenarios. Our focus is currently on meta-heuristic search algorithms such as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms to construct cost-aware covering arrays. Another goal is to expand the cost framework to be test-case aware where not every test case is valid for a configuration, hence the cost of running the test suite is actually different for each configuration.


PlanetLab is a globally distributed network of hosts designed to support the deployment and evaluation of planetary scale applications. Support for planetary applications development poses several security challenges to the team maintaining PlanetLab. The planetary nature of PlanetLab mandates nodes distributed across the globe, far from the physical control of the team. The application development requirements force every user to have access to the equivalent of root on each machine, and use of firewalls is discouraged. If an account is compromised, PlanetLab administrators needed a way to track the actions of users on the nodes. If an entire node is compromised, then the administrators need a way to regain control despite the lack of physical access. Encryption was built into PlanetLab to ensure confidentiality and integrity of system downloads. A special reset packet, combined with keeping a boot CD in the machine, enables PlanetLab system administrators to remotely regain control of machines if they are compromised and return to the nodes into a safe known state. The Linux VServer implementation is used to provide root access to PlanetLab users for development purposes while isolating users from each other. A network abstraction layer provides accounting of traffic and allows safe access to raw sockets. These mechanisms have proven very useful in managing PlanetLab. After a compromise of large numbers of PlanetLab hosts, control of the PlanetLab network was regained in 10 minutes. The compromise spawned a review of PlanetLab security, which pointed out a number of flaws. The need for a central site for maintaining PlanetLab was cited as a key weakness. Future work includes distributing the functions of PlanetLab's central administrative database and improving integrity checks.


The purpose of this qualitative, retrospective study was to examine leisure as a context for identity formation among young people (aged 18?22) who self-identified as lesbian/gay while in high school. Phenomenology was the theoretical framework that guided the conceptualization, interviews, and data analysis for this study. Ten participants from the southeastern United States were asked to reflect on their experiences of leisure and the ways in which leisure contexts helped them to negotiate their understanding of themselves and their relationships with others. Although the purpose of the study was not to develop a global, explanatory model about lesbian/gay youth, leisure, and identity, we did, nevertheless, develop overarching themes that describe and grounded theory that explains the role of leisure in the process of identity formation in the lives of these participants. The four themes?reading myself, seeing myself: media consumption; playing myself: sports; and expressing myself: music?led to the con...


Gallagher's theorem is a sharpening and extension of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all tuples of real numbers. We provide a fibre refinement, solving a problem posed by Beresnevich, Haynes and Velani in 2015. Hitherto, this was only known on the plane, as previous approaches relied heavily on the theory of continued fractions. Using reduced successive minima in lieu of continued fractions, we develop the structural theory of Bohr sets of arbitrary rank, in the context of diophantine approximation. In addition, we generalise the theory and result to the inhomogeneous setting. To deal with this inhomogeneity, we employ diophantine transference inequalities in lieu of the three distance theorem.


Modification of unit characters.-An epoch in the perennial controversy between " mutationists " and " selectionists " is marked by CASTLE'S20 shift from the latter to the former school. This investigator has previously held a leading place among "selectionists," with his modification by selection of the hooded character of rats. His change in~point of view has been effected mainly by some of his own results. The cross between his plus race (+3 .73) of hooded rats and a wild race brought a reduction in the grade of the hooded character as it appeared in the extracted hooded F2 young. Repeated recrossing of these extracted individuals with the wild race finally resulted in extracted hooded rats of the grade +3 .04. CASTLE concluded that the hooded character had been modified to this degree by its successive contacts with the germ plasm of the wild race. More recently he crossed his minus race (-2 .63) with the same wild race. Repeated F2 extractions showed successively the grades -0.38,


Using Bayesian methods to apply computational models of cognitive processes, or Bayesian cognitive modeling, is an important new trend in psychological research. The rise of Bayesian cognitive modeling has been accelerated by the introduction of software such as Stan and PyMC3 that efficiently automates the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling used for Bayesian model fitting. Unfortunately, Bayesian cognitive models can struggle to pass the computational checks required of all Bayesian models. If any failures are left undetected, inferences about cognition based on model output may be biased or incorrect. As such, Bayesian cognitive models almost always require troubleshooting before being used for inference. Here, we present a deep treatment of the diagnostic checks and procedures that are critical for effective troubleshooting, but are often left underspecified by tutorial papers. After a conceptual introduction to Bayesian cognitive modeling and MCMC sampling, we outline the diagnostic metrics, procedures, and plots necessary to identify problems in model output with an emphasis on how these requirements have recently been improved. Throughout, we explain how the most commonly encountered problems may be remedied with specific, practical solutions. We also introduce matstanlib, our MATLAB modeling support library, and demonstrate how it facilitates troubleshooting of an example hierarchical Bayesian model of reinforcement learning implemented in Stan. With this comprehensive guide to techniques for detecting, identifying, and overcoming problems in fitting Bayesian cognitive models, psychologists across subfields can more confidently build and use Bayesian cognitive models.All code is freely available from github.com/baribault/matstanlib.


Extraadrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine neoplasms with an incidence of 2-8 per million. They emanate from embryonic neural crest cells and are composed mainly of chromaffin cells located in the paraaortic sympathetic chain. They synthesize, store and secrete catecholamines due to which they may present with symptoms of hypertension like headache, sweating and palpitationand sometimes they may present with vague symptoms like pain abdomen and lump abdomen.On the other hand, they may remain silent and nonfunctional. Histopathologically and tumor marker wise, nonfunctional and the functional tumours are absolutely same. Primary methods of pre-operative diagnosis include imaging techniques which also help in surgical planning and pre-operative preparation of the patient. Nonfunctional tumours often escape preoperative diagnosis and create intraoperative complications. We present a case of nonfunctional extraadrenal retroperitonealparaganglioma occurring in a 50-yearold male patient presenting with mass per abdomen. On Ultrasonongraphy, suspicion was towards a retroperitoneal mass of probable lymph nodal origin. On CT Scan , A large well defined heterogeneously enhancing mass lesion with solid and necrotic areas and few tiny foci of central calcifications is seen in left side of mesenteric measuring 11.4cm *11.7cm*9.6cm(AP*TD*CC). No bowel invasion is seen. Prominent vessels are seen around the mass. IMPMass lesion left side of abdomen – likely mesenteric origin (? Malignant). The patient was posted for surgical resection of the mass. Per-operatively, the patient developed hypertensive crisis. Post operative period was uneventful and patient recovered well. This report highlights the importance of preoperative diagnosis which is vital in the management of extraadrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma.


In the present study, the four estuaries were selected from the South Gujarat region to appraise the impact of industrial pollution in the estuarine water samples. The study focused on the tidal variation of nutrients, which disclosed that concentrations of NO2–N, NO3–N, NH4–N, TN, and reactive silicates were higher in low-tide whereas pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were higher in high-tide water samples. The results of high BOD and low DO expose the anthropogenic inputs in these estuaries during the low-tide. The results of physico-chemical and nutrients parameters of water showed that the pollution level is strongly influenced by tidal and seasonal changes. Pearson's correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) are applied to a hydrological and hydrographical dataset for finding the spatial-temporal variation during the tidal difference. This study suggested that there is an impact of industrial pollution and anthropogenic inputs on the estuarine water of the study area.


There is an increasing interest in deploying Internet protocol television (IPTV) over next-generation broadband networks which will allow services beyond basic triple-play functionalities. The IEEE 802.11 is considered today as the de-facto wireless access network for the last mile connections. Wireless IPTV can therefore become a reality in scenarios such as hot-spot, home, enterprise, airport, etc. The realm of wireless IPTV also brings forth challenges and new issues to overcome for enabling high quality delivery of time sensitive video content. Moreover, compressed video data are highly sensitive to wireless channel errors. In this paper, we present the promises and challenges of wireless IPTV.


Worldwide information exchange and availability, communication without limits will become basic needs of future generations. The information and communication technologies do not only serve for realizations of these aims they also have a high potential to contribute to a sustainable development. Though, there are critical ecological, social, economic and cultural trends which cannot be ignored and which may cause adverse effects on sustainability. In this paper the ecological dimension of sustainability will be particularly considered. The vision of sustainable mobile products should be based on closed product and material loops without emission of pollutants. Important steps for transition from today's to sustainable products are described in this context.


Training is important in preparing employees. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is an effective method to systematically translate customer requirements into project specifications. This study presents the use of QFD method in development of training project. It is a qualitative research conducted in the industry services company. The results show that the use of QFD is an effective alternative for managers to develop or improve their training projects.


Background The present study was design to investigate the effect of isoliquiritin (ISL) pretreatment on multi-territory perforator flap survival and blood vessels of Choke II zone in rats.Methods A total of 80 adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into ISL group and normal saline group, and subsequently and subjected to multi-territory perforator flap operations on the left flank. Afterwards, rats in ISL group were intraperitoneally injected with ISL, and rats from normal saline group were intraperitoneally injected with equal amount of normal saline. After seven days, the surviving flap area was calculated, the density of microvessels and (vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)were measured in Choke II zone. In addition, blood vessels of the flap were subjected to lead oxide-gelatin radiography.Results The flap survival area was significantly enhanced in rats from the ISL group compared with that from the saline group (P < 0.01). HE staining indicated significantly higher microvascular density in Choke II zone in the ISL group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays showed that the expression of VEGF in the ISL group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the vascular structure in Choke II zone of the flap was clearer, with more new blood vessels and more complete vascular structure in the potential zone from the ISL group, in comparison with those from the normal saline group.Conclusion ISL is beneficial to the multi-territory perforator flap survival in rats.


We developed a new technique to adjust the pulmonary artery band at surgery by monitoring the mitral valve flow velocity, which is indirectly indicative of the pulmonary flow. We employed this technique for 10 consecutive patients aged from 5 days to 5 months (mean, 1 months) weighing from 2.7 to 4.4 kg (mean, 3.3 kg). Underlying disease was aortic coarctation or interrupted+ventricular septal defect in 7 patients, single ventricule in 1 patients and miscellaneous defects in 2 patients. The pulmonary artery was exposed through a left lateral thoracotomy and a 3 mm wide Teflon tape was placed around the main pulmonary artery. The transducer of the Doppler echocardiography was placed along the left sternal border. The band was tightened gradually until the maximum velocity of the mitral valve flow decreased to around 70% of the previous level. During banding procedure, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and left ventricular contractility were monitored continuously. If bradycardia, unacceptable hypoxemia or ventricular dysfunction occurred, the band was released. The mitral valve flow velocity decreased rapidly by just a little additional tightness of the band between the range of 50% to 80% of the previous level. This technique enabled a very fine adjustment (less than 0.5 mm plication) and postoperative management has become very easy. Although there is a limitation of this technique that monitoring of the mitral valve flow velocity cannot be applied to the patients with significant interatrial shunt or mitral regurgitation, we conclude that this technique is simple and useful to obtain the optimum constriction of the pulmonary artery with excessive pulmonary blood flow.


Early findings relating to individual difference, crime and health are presented from a major new longitudinal study of adolescent development in Edinburgh. 4300 boys and girls (aged 12-13) completed self-report questionnaires containing two abbreviated measures of personality (assessing dimensions of social alienation and impulsivity) and one of self-esteem, together with measures of offending, victimisation and experience of adverse health behaviours. Results suggest that, even in early adolescence, substantial numbers of young people have lifetime experience of both problem behaviour and victimisation and that the various measures tended to co-occur to a moderate extent. Subjects reporting the most problems tended to possess a personality configuration characterised by high levels of impulsivity and social alienation, and lower levels of selfesteem. Whilst important gender differences emerged in terms of global personality scores and behavioural measures (males reporting more ?extreme? values for both), the degree of problem co-occurrence and its association with personality is virtually identical across gender. Findings can be interpreted to an extent with reference to recent theories relating low self-control to generalised risk behaviour. The strong association of risk and personality with victimisation however, forces a re-consideration of the mutual (and perhaps gendered) interaction between individual differences and environment as regards adolescent psychosocial risk


Saturating pulse fluorescence measurements, well known from studies of higher plants for determination of photosystem II (PS II) characteristics, were applied to cultures of the green alga Dunaliella teitiolecta (Chapter 2). The actual efficiency of PS II (φ PS II ), the maximal efficiency of PS II (F v /F m ), and both photochemical and non- photochemical fluorescence quenching were determined for cultures of D. tertiolecta growing under varying light intensities. The rate of PS II electron flow (J E ) estimated as the product of φ PS II , and the photon flux density (PFD), appeared to correlate well with growth rates determined for the D. tertiolecta cultures . The results indicated that the saturating pulse fluorescence method may be successfully used to determine photosynthetic characteristics of phytoplankton. However, an increase of sensitivity by a factor 1000 was found to be needed for the application of this technique to in situ measurements. Conditions were outlined which have led to the development of the Xe-PAM fluorometer with a manyfold higher sensitivity.The relation between photosynthetic oxygen evolution (J 0 , expressed as oxygen production per chlorophyll a ) and J E was investigated for the marine algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum, D. tertiolecta, Tetraselmis sp., Isochrysis sp. and Rhodomonas sp , by varying the ambient PFD (Chapter 3). At limiting light a linear relation was found in all species. At PFD's approaching light saturation linearity was lost. The observed non-linearity at high M's is most probably not caused by photorespiration but by a Mehler-type of oxygen reduction. The relationship could be modelled by including a redox-state dependent oxygen uptake. The linear range between J E and J 0 extends to a PFD which is 2 to 10 times higher than the PFD at which the species were grown. The ratio of J E and J 0 in the light-limited range is species dependent and related to differences in absorption cross-section of PS II (σ PS II ). The ratio of J E and J 0 in the light-limited range is not dependent on temperature. F v /F m was found to be temperature dependent with an optimum near 10 °C in the diatom P. tricornutum .The photosynthetic electron flux in a phytoplankton sample (PEF) was shown to depend on the product of J E (= φ PS II  · PFD), σ PS II and the number of PS II (n PS II ) in the sample (Chapter 4). A mathematical expression was derived which relates the minimal fluorescence (F 0 ) to n PS II and σ PS II under the condition that the spectral distribution of the ambient light and the measuring light are identical. This condition can be approximated measuring F 0 with the Xe-PAM fluorometer. The experimental conditions under which the relationship between PEF, φ PS II ,  and F 0 is valid, were examined. The maximal value of φ PS II (F v /F m ) was shown to be independent on the wavelength under the measuring conditions. The apparent F v /F m depends on the intensity of the measuring light and the duration and intensity of the saturating light pulse. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the minimal fluorescence can be used as a measure of PS II excitation in the light. F 0 , obtained with the broad band excitation light of a filtered Xenon flash lamp, thus was used as a measure for the product of  n PS II and σ PS II . The relationship between PEF calculated with this expression and net oxygen evolution (phytoplankton oxygen flux, POF, expressed as oxygen production per sample volume) was found to be similar in the diatom P tricornutum and the green alga D. tertiolecta. Therefore we conclude that the use of PEF as a measure for POF yields better results than the use of J E for J 0 . The Xe-PAM fluorometer was found to be sensitive enough for coastal applications.The relation between PEF and carbon fixation (phytoplankton carbon flux, PCF, expressed as the carbon dioxide fixed per sample volume) was examined in cultures of Isochrysis sp. , Phaeocystis sp. macroflagellates and Skeletonema costatum (Chapter 5). The F 0 used to calculate PEF was measured at the start of the experiments. Both the PFD and the duration of the incubation were varied. As found before for the relation between J E and J 0 , the relation between PEF and PCF was also approximately linear at limiting light and deviated from linearity at saturating light. The linear range between PCF and PEF also extends to a PFD which is 2 to 10 times higher than the PFD at which the species were grown. The length of the incubation did not affect PEF and PCF except for the highest PFD (1530 μmol m -2 s -1 ). The decline of F v /F m of the samples irradiated at the highest PFD showed a fast component within 30 minutes incubation and a minor slow component, indicating that photoinhibition was induced in the first 30 minutes.PEF, PCF, oxygen production and their relationships were furthermore examined during phytoplankton development in a mesocosm at the field station (Chapter 6). PEF was calculated from F 0 , φ PS II  and the PFD which were continuously monitored for three weeks in the upper water layer of the mesocosm. In addition PEF and PCF were estimated from laboratory measurements on samples taken from the mesocosms. Daily primary production in the mesocosm, measured as either PSII electron flow (PPE) or carbon fixation (PPC), was calculated using a photosynthesis model. Daily photosynthetic oxygen evolution (PPO) was calculated from changes in the oxygen concentration over the day. In the period between the 2 blooms the ration of PPO and PPE was higher than during the peak of the blooms. The ratio of PPC and PPE was much more constant. In general PPE gave a reasonable measure of both PPC and PPO.The effects of chlororespiration and state transitions on F 0 were determined in the diatom P. tricornutum (Chapter 7). Inhibition of chlororespiration by antimycin A or anaerobiosis did not affect F v /F m . The observed F 0 was insignificantly (8%) increased upon addition of antimycin A and slightly decreased upon illumination with farred light (6 μmol m -2 s -1 ). These effects might be attributed to chlororespiratory activity, but could as well be caused by reduction of Q A by the weak fluorescence measuring light. Addition of the uncouplers CCCP or nigericin did not increase the maximal fluorescence (F M ). The data show that under our conditions reduction of Q A and energy dependent quenching in the dark by chlororespiration do not occur in P. tricornutum . Light-induced increases in F M , therefore, are suggested to be caused by state transitions. Use of the F 0 to estimate photon capture in the light might lead to an underestimation of the PEF The error is estimated to be not more than about 10 % as calculated from the increase in maximal fluorescence in the light.The present work illustrates that the fluorescence pulse method is a reliable technique to get insight into the photosynthetic performance and gross primary production of the population of algal cells in a marine ecosystem.


(1) Regulation of the number of genes for rRNA: amplification, magnification, compensation. (2) Control of the transcription of rRNA: (a) relation to gene dosage, conditional mutants; (b) selective effects ofactinomycinD on rRNA synthesis, comparison with other DNA-binding drugs; (c) response to protein-synthesis inhibition, effects of osmoticity, temperature; (d) response to the physiological state of the cell, behaviour in proliferative non-proliferative transitions, mitosis, development. (3) Regulation at the level of processing and assembly: (a) extent of interdependence of the syntheses of various ribosomal components in drug inhibition, mitosis, development; (b) requirement of concurrent synthesis for proper assembly; (c) aberrant processing under conditions of methyl or protein deprivation; (d) wastage ofrRNA in processing. (4) Regulation at the level of turnover: (a) differences between growing and non-growing cells; (b) selective degradation of non-functional ribosomes.


Hyperpigmentation as primary symptom is rare in vitamin B12 deficiency. This adolescent non vegetarian girl presented with hyperpigmentation, anaemia, glossitis and weight loss. She was worked up to find out the cause of anemia and hyperpigmentation. Addison disease was a strong provisional diagnosis. Her cortisol level was normal and megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency was found. All of her symptoms were dramatically improved by injectable cobalamin. As vitamin B12 deficiency is a treatable condition so it should be ruled out in patient presenting with hyperpigmentation. Early replacement therapy also prevents multisystem involvement like bone marrow failure and demyelinating neurological disease.


A recent study by Elgeti et al. used multiparticle collision dynamics to simulate a long-standing problem: the approach of sperm to surfaces, and subsequent accumulation. The authors highlight differences in their predictions with those of the earlier Stokes flow simulations of Smith et al. attributing the differences to methodological flaws in the earlier article. In this Comment, we discuss the criticisms leveled in detail, and review some recently published work that shows how species-specific details of cell morphology provides a more likely explanation for the differing predictions of the two studies. We also highlight experimental work that supports the study of Smith et al.


Background: Following our hypothesis that oxidative stress might play a primary role in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI), we investigated if ethyl pyruvate (EPy) with potent antioxidant activity might prevent or alleviate RIRI induced in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: (A) Sham, (B) renal ischemia/reperfusion (RIR), (C) RIR with EPy supplement (RIR+EPy), and (D) RIR with Mann supplement (RIR+Mann). Mannitol (Mann), a preoperative agent being clinically used, was tested for comparison with EPy. Rats were subjected to 40-min ischemia, followed by 24-h reperfusion. Either EPy or Mann was given to rats 30 min prior to ischemia and immediately before the reperfusion period. Results: The RIR and RIR+Mann groups showed palpable kidney injuries with the ~5-fold elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels, indicating renal dysfunction. However, the kidneys in the RIR+EPy group appeared merely normal (similar to the Sham's) with the basal BUN/Cr levels, indicating normal renal function. No effects on histology, BUN or Cr were yet seen with Mann. Moreover, specific kidney injury markers were up-regulated and oxidative stress was also ~2.1-fold severer in the RIR group, whereas little changes in those markers and oxidative stress were seen with EPy supplement (RIR+EPy). Conclusions: Although oxidative stress feasibly plays a key role in RIRI, EPy with antioxidant activity is capable of protecting the kidneys from such an assault. Thus, EPy (not Mann) should be considered as an effective perioperative renoprotective agent that could be used clinically.


Four ionization beam profile monitors (IPM's) are in RHIC to measure vertical and horizontal profiles in the two rings. Each IPM collects and measures the distribution of electrons in the beamline resulting from residual gas ionization during bunch passage. The IPM's performed well during the 1999 commissioning run and early in the 2000 run. However as the bunch intensity increased there was a beam-induced ringing that increased in amplitude until it saturated the amplifiers and made the IPM's unusable. Near the end of the run the cause of the ringing was found and one IPM was fixed. At the start of the 2001 run all four IPM have EM1 shielding installed.


This paper describes several experiments designed to train prosodic phrasing models for Chinese TTS systems and to investigate the underlying rules that control Chinese prosody. First, we collected 559 sentences from news programs and built a large corpus for modeling Chinese prosody. Second, we selected 20 features and used classification and regression trees (CART) and transformational rule-based learning (TRBL) techniques to generate phrasing rules automatically. Lastly, we propose a computer aided error-driven method of designing rule templates, and integrate it into the TRBL algorithm. The experimental results show that we achieve a high success rate of 94.5%, and we also get a set of well comprehensible rule templates which may give us insights into the relationship between Chinese syntax and p rosody.


In recent years one of the most common problems that occur in the human urinary system is kidney stones or urinary stones. There are many Methods of medical imaging that can be used to examine parameters of human kidneys, for example magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), x-ray computed tomography (CT), ultrasound imaging (US), and many others. This detection is very important for the doctor to determine the status of the kidneys and also to visualize any abnormalities present in the kidney [2]. Any person affected with a problem in kidney suffers with a pain in early stage. The detection of abnormalities of kidney inside the body is a main field of study in medical research by bio-medical image processing[1-4], Due to some abnormalities (speckle noise) in ultrasound or MRI images and artifacts, wrong diagnosis may happen by analyzing the scanned image. Therefore in this work the main focus is on development of new hardware implementation based on neural network architecture for detection of kidney stone in real time by optimizing area, power and speed on FPGA [5]. This algorithm implemented on Vertex-II Pro FPGA device and simulated in matlab [9].


Innovative new products offer agri-food producers and processors an opportunity to differentiate their output from the commodities prevalent in the sector. Unfortunately, many new products do not live up to initial expectations and are eventually abandoned. However, even with products that are doomed to fail, there is occasionally a period of time after their introduction when strong, but fallacious, indicators of success appear. Sometimes the initial appearance of success is so strong that new entrants rush in, increasing demand and prices for production capacity, thereby strengthening the illusion of industry success. Eventually, supply catches up to the unsupported demand and the bubble bursts. The fall is often dramatic and painful. This paper provides a retrospective examination of the economic factors surrounding one example of such a situation, the Ontario emu bubble between 1993 and 1996.


Objective: The main objective of the study was to describe and compare the spiritual wellbeing of people with terminal illness with the spiritual well being of apparently healthy people. Methodology: the study was developed with a quantitative, descriptive and comparative approach. It included 44 patients hospitalized at the Luis Carlos Galan Clinic and 44 people with similar characteristics but apparently healthy. The spiritual well being was measured with the Ellison Spiritual Wellbeing Scale®. Results: the general level of spiritual well being of the people with terminal illness was high as well as its religious component. The level of the existential component of the spiritual well being in the same group was medium. In the apparently healthy people the general level of spiritual wellbeing and the level of its religious and existential components were high. Conclusion: when the spiritual wellbeing of people with terminal illness was compared with the spiritual well being of apparently healthy people, a higher general spiritual well being and a higher existential component of the spiritual wellbeing was found in the group of the apparently healthy people. No differences were found in the religious component of the spiritual wellbeing between the groups.


Abstract The wind correction to the evaporation rate of electrically suspended water droplets has been measured for Reynolds numbers between 1 and 6. The results agree well with those of Kinzer and Gunn. During evaporation, Rayleigh instabilities have also been observed. At instability, the charge variation ΔQ is of the same order as that observed by other workers, but under the present experimental conditions there is no detectable change of mass.


In this article the discovery of the Jones Polynomial will be discussed, emphasizing the way in which it illustrated the remarkable unity between distinct parts of Mathematics, each with its own language, but initially without a dictionary.


In order to study synchronous generator's asynchronous operation during loss of field, the Field-Circuit Coupled Time-Stepping Finite Element Model (T-S FEM) is built, in which the saturation of magnetic circuit, magnetic distortion, and harmonic field and so on are considered. The simulation modeling is verified by testing. The physical process of the synchronous generator's asynchronous operation during loss of field is analyzed. On that basis, take a single-machine infinite-bus for example, two conditions of the synchronous generator's asynchronous operation during loss of field are simulated, one of which is excitation opened circuit, and the other is excitation shorted circuit. The difference under excitation opened circuit between T-S FEM and PSD-BPA simulation is bigger than excitation shorted circuit.


A standard result in the literature on durable goods is that if buyers have foresight regarding a durable goods seller's future pricing strategies, then the seller cannot perfectly price discriminate intertemporally. In a finite time horizon framework where buyers are large and finite in number, Bagnoli, Salant, and Swierzbinski (1989) constructed numerical examples in which the seller of the durable product is able to perfectly price discriminate across its consumers. This paper extends the examples in Bagnoli et al. to a general model of a durable-goods seller selling over a finite horizon to any finite number of individually significant consumers with different reservation prices for the product and provides a complete characterization of the equilibrium pricing strategies of the seller.


It is plausible that, for pharmacologic and physiologic reasons, antisecretory treatment reduces the chances of rebleeding from gastric and duodenal ulcers and thereby reduces operation and death rates. Currently available evidence is not strong enough to confirm this, in part because trials have been too small to detect any differences present, and perhaps in part because drug doses have been too low to achieve the desired antisecretory potential.


In order to investigate the magnetic properties of GaAs:Er,O, we performed X-band ESR measurement on three different Er-concentration samples in the temperature region from T = 4.6 K to 18 K. Three types of Er-related ESR signals were observed below 18 K. The temperature dependence of the signal intensities and the result of the line shape analyses suggest that the luminescent related Er centers have a singlet-like ground state: that is, the Er-related centers are not homogenously distributed in GaAs:Er,O, and Er3+ ions can be antiferromagnetically coupled via the super exchange interaction. Moreover, we have shown that the Er-concentration dependence of intensities of ESR absorption has a strong correlation with the Er-concentration dependence of the PL intensities of GaAs:Er,O


In light of the prominent role of socio-materiality in contemporary social scientific, and particularly educational research, this article uses two practice-based theories to investigate the experiences of German business management professionals on a U.K.-based DBA delivered in Germany. We specifically take concepts from cultural historical activity theory and actor network theory to explore the evolving relationships between professional and academic identities as revealed in qualitative interviews with individual students and supervising faculty. The discussion underlines the potential of these theories to produce rich understandings of the identity formation of researching professionals. We conclude that professional doctorates should be seen not just as specific forms of advanced professional training but as complex and indeterminate processes. Findings suggest that earning a professional doctorate degree often feels like a journey leading to some form of metacognitive shift from a problem-solving mindset to a more critical appreciation of different ways of knowing.


The healthcare and welfare policies of nations, as well as the amount of investments put into these areas, vary across countries. Investments in healthcare and welfare have been increasing worldwide which brings the question of assessing the efficiency of these investments. There are, however, difficulties in evaluating the effectiveness of such investments due to differences in countries' economic development levels and due to the differences in data definition issues. There are only a limited number of studies in the literature that employ consistent and comparable indicators across countries. This study evaluates the healthcare investment efficiency and health competitiveness efficiency of 34 developing countries in Asia using a two-stage dynamic data envelopment analysis approach. Furthermore, we employ a broader measure of indicators on national healthcare and welfare policies and outcomes, in addition to the investment data on healthcare and welfare expenditures. Our findings indicate that the establishment of an investment environment with a consolidated approach and management is an important factor that increases the efficiency of investments in healthcare and welfare sectors. A consistent delivery of the national policy strategy is also crucial for reaching the medium-and long-term targets for each country. For example, if a country establishes healthcare and welfare policies that focus on improving its indicators with low efficiencies, the output will be improved and a better return on investment will be ensured in a long-term perspective.


The urgency of proprietary restriction and domination over the land more emphasized on the society's interests at large. This view rely on philosophy of Pancasila related to the social justice meaning for whole Indonesia citizen. Then this restriction implementation intended State endowed a justice for land owner particularly the investors. State warrant the restriction by over taking   and revoke land title right and either individually or business entity whenever it against the general accepted. It remind the spirit of Article 33 paragraph (3) said : "earth and water and the richness contained inside them powered by State and utilized as much as possible for the people's prosperity". This provision confirmed by restriction guarantee through Article 7, 8, 9 and 10 which relevance with land domination restriction. Therefore in this case it is necessary to be organized and improvement in land restriction implementation systematically connected with agraria reform. Government enact the policies over attribution authority by laws to perform the restriction on domination and land proprietary for the sake of justice for whole Indonesia citizen. These authority can be run through concrete methods that is doing an action take over and revoke the land title permit as regulated Article 18 UUPA (Agraria Law).Keywords: land proprietary, land domination, restriction guarantee, article 33 paragraph (3)


The objective of this research are (1) to study the learning achievement of students
who touch by inquiry and expository teaching strategies, (2) to study the difference of
learning achievement of students on physics who have the higher early competency and
the lower early competency, and (3) to study whether there is an interaction between
learning strategy and the early ability, in influence the learning achievement of students
in Physics.
The research is quasi experiment study. Population for this research are 160 from 4
(four) classes at SMA Negeri I Subdistrict of Binjai, while the sample is 80 students from
2 classes using cluster random sampling. Before the treatment, the early competency test
was conducted to classified the higher and low interest rate of students. The learning
achievement test applied in testing hypothesis was tried to know the validity and
reliability of the test. The results is of 45 test items there is 37 test items that fulfill the
requirement (valid). Coefficient of reliability of learning achievement test of student is
.995 and coefficient of reliability of early ability of students is .741 the data analysis
method applied in this research is descriptive statistic to present the data and inferential
statistic for testing the hypothesis. The hypothesis was tested using 2 way Anova. Before
the application of analysis, the normality test for the data was conducted by Liliefors and
variance homogenity tests by Bartlett and Fisher tests.
The result of hypothesis testing show that (1) the learning achievement in physics
of student who taught by inquiry learning strategy is higher than student taught by
expository learning strategy.This is indicated by Fcalculated = 46.40 > Ftable = 3.12 on significant level α = 0.05. (2) the students who have the higher early ability has a higher learning achievement study in Physics than student who has the lower early ability.This is
indicated by Fcalculated = 49.39 > Ftable = 3.12 on significant level α = 0.05, and (3) there is
an interaction between learning strategy and early ability level in influence the learning
achievement of students in Physids. This is indicated by Fcalculated= 12.29 > F table = 3.12 on significant level α = 0.05 and freedom degree dk = (1.76).
The results of this research show that in order to increase the learning achievement
in Physics, the inquiry learning strategy is a superior strategy for student who have the
higher early ability level. While for the students who have the lower early ability is
preferred touch by expository learning strategy.


Two cases in 2012 involved employment discrimination claims. In one, a Catholic diocese had refused to renew the contract of a teacher who had sought in vitro fertilization. In another, earlier case, a Lutheran elementary school had terminated the contract of a teacher for "damaging her working relationship" with the school by "threatening to take legal action" when she was not permitted to return to work after disability leave related to narcolepsy. In both cases, the employers have argued that the employee's discrimination claims should be dismissed solely because of the religious character of the employer organization. The specific legal defenses in each suit differ somewhat, but ultimately they both rely on the First Amendment to exempt religious employers from civic responsibilities imposed by law on other private employers.


PurposeThis study aimed to examine the comparability of the ActiGraph 7164 and wGT3X-BT wear time, count-based estimates, and average time per day in physical activity of different intensities. MethodsWe studied 87 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants 48–60 yr of age who simultaneously wore the 7164 and wGT3X-BT accelerometers at the waist in 2015–2016, with wear time of ≥4 of 7 d, ≥10 h·d−1 for both monitors. Freedson cutpoints (counts per minute) were used to define sedentary (<100), light (100–1951), moderate (1952–5724), and vigorous activity (≥5725). Agreement was evaluated using paired-difference tests, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland–Altman plots. Given systematic differences in count-based estimates between monitors, a calibration formula applied to the wGT3X-BT values was obtained by linear regression. ResultsTotal detected wear time minutes per day was nearly identical between the 7164 and the wGT3X-BT (881.5 ± 70.9 vs 880.3 ± 78.1, P = 0.72). The wGT3X-BT values were calibrated to the 7164 values by dividing counts by 1.088. After calibration, no differences were observed between the 7164 and the wGT3X-BT in total counts per day (310,184 ± 129,189 vs 307,085 ± 135,362, P = 0.48), average counts per min per day (349.5 ± 139.5 vs 346.5 ± 147.2, P = 0.54), sedentary (513.2 ± 93.6 vs 509.6 ± 98.6, P = 0.23), light (335.3 ± 81.5 vs 338.7 ± 81.1, P = 0.22), moderate (31.0 ± 21.9 vs 30.3 ± 23.4, P = 0.31), or moderate-to-vigorous minutes per day (33.1 ± 24.6 vs 32.0 ± 26.0, P = 0.13). A significant difference was observed for vigorous minutes per day (0.2 ± 1.0 vs 0.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.01); however, the absolute difference was marginal. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent agreement for all measures (0.95–0.99). ConclusionsAfter applying a calibration formula, the 7164 and wGT3X-BT were comparable for total wear time, count-based estimates, and average minutes per day in sedentary, light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous activity. Findings illustrate a novel methodological approach to facilitate accelerometer data harmonization.


though it still reflects current practices. Franchising is discussed, but there is no consideration of the current legal status of contracts. Havenga has collected some very interesting materials on resale price maintenance. His discussion of the effects of maintained prices is thorough, very carefully documented, and current. His discussion of the differences of attitudes toward resale price Journal of Marketing, July 197 4


The optical implementation of mathematical spatial operators is a critical step toward achieving practical high-speed, low-energy analog optical processors. In recent years, it has been shown that using fractional derivatives in many engineering and science applications leads to more accurate results. In the case of optical spatial mathematical operators, the derivatives of the first and second orders have been investigated. But no research has been performed on fractional derivatives. On the other hand, in previous studies, each structure is dedicated to a single integer order derivative. This paper proposes a tunable structure made of graphene arrays on silica to implement fractional derivative orders smaller than two, as well as first and second orders. The approach used for derivatives implementation is based on the Fourier transform with two graded index lenses positioned at the structure's sides and three stacked periodic graphene-based transmit arrays in middle. The distance between the graded index lenses and the nearest graphene array is different for the derivatives of order smaller than one and between one and two. In fact, to implement all derivatives, we need two devices with the same structure having a slight difference in parameters. Simulation results based on the finite element method closely match the desired values. Given the tunability of the transmission coefficient of the proposed structure in the approximate amplitude range of [0,1] and phase range of [-180, 180], on top of the acceptable implementation of the derivative operator, this structure allows obtaining other spatial multi-purpose operators, which are a prelude to achieving analog optical processors and even improving the optical studies performed in image processing.


In the paper, we take up a
new method to prove a result of value distribution of meromorphic functions:
let f be a meromorphic function in , and let , where P is a polynomial. Suppose that all zeros
of f have multiplicity at least , except possibly finite many, and as . Then has infinitely many zeros.


The aim of this work is to evaluate cutting pres-sures, resulting force and maximum temperature in hard turning of hot work steel AISI H11. This steel is hardened to 50 HRC, machined by a mixed ceramic tool (insert CC650 of chemical composition 70%Al2O3+30%TiC), free from tungsten on Cr-Mo-V basis, insensitive to tempera-ture changes and having a high wear resistance. It is em-ployed for the manufacture of highly stressed diecasting moulds and inserts with high tool life expectancy, plastic moulds subject to high stress and forging dies. The tests of straight turning were carried out according to the method of planning experiments. The results made it possible to study the influence of cutting variables (feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut) on cutting pressures, on resulting force and temperature in cutting zone. The effect of flank wear (VB) on cutting pressures is also studied. Mathemati-cal model was deduced to express the influence degree of each cutting regime element on the maximum temperature. Thus, the ranges of best cutting conditions adapted, were given.This study confirms that in dry hard turning of this steel and for all cutting conditions tested, the major pressure is the radial pressure.


†† Summary New framework of situation assessment oriented plan recognition (SAOPR) based on the closed loop of "Cognition, Prediction, Validation" is proposed for the application of military situation assessment, and its implementing method has been researched too. In this paper firstly the workflow of the closed loop process is analyzed and the SAOPR framework is extracted. For to explain the describility and the calculability of the closed loop process, several concepts of situation elements are defined and the SAOPR architecture including the plan recognition algorithm is designed. Then the plan recognition knowledge model of SAOPR has been discussed. The designed model has a structure of knowledge hierarchy which consists of much kind of nodes as action, event, situation and purpose. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that SAOPR could describe clearly the evolvement process of battlefield situation assessment, so it is expectable for SAOPR to play a useful role in situation assessment system.


There has been no concept of the ways of stabilizing the status in patients with unstable angina and preventing further coronary heart disease progression. The application of stress tests suggests that consequent use of transesophageal cardiac pacing and bicycle exercise makes it possible to work out an appropriate regime of graded exercise, to objectivize the patients' status to noninvasively evaluate the coronary reserve, to indirectly define the number of diseased vessels and their topology, and to evaluate the efficiency of therapy. To supplement stress echocardiography to examination techniques is of interest in studying left ventricular performance and segmental contractility. Based on their own studies, by using long-term monitoring of the status in terms of clinical features, dynamics of coronary reserve and myocardial function, changes in the blood lipid spectrum, immune link, the morphofunctional properties of platelets, neurohumoral factors, the authors propose a classification of unstable angina. The detected clinical and morphofunctional determinants of restabilization allow one to optimize a long-term management of patients with unstable angina, to identify groups at various risk and to improve the patients lifestyle in adequate drug correction.


The physiological mechanisms underlying photoperiodism in insects have been studied extensively, although the associated molecular machinery remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate the roles of the circadian clock gene cycle (cyc) and the endocrine regulator gene myoinhibitory peptide (Mip) in the photoperiodic response of the brown‐winged green bug Plautia stali Scott (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Typically, adult females of this species develop their ovaries under long‐day conditions, whereas they suppress its development under short‐day conditions. We find that RNA interference (RNAi) directed against cyc causes malfunction of the circadian clock governing the locomotor activity rhythm and yields abnormal activity profiles not only under constant darkness, but also under light/dark conditions. RNAi directed against cyc and Mip disrupts the photoperiodic response in ovarian development. cyc RNAi suppresses the ovarian development even under long‐day conditions, whereas Mip RNAi induces it even under short‐day conditions. We propose that the core circadian clock gene cyc regulates the photoperiodic response and that Mip is the causal regulator of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpus allatum. Neither photoperiod, nor cyc RNAi affect Mip mRNA levels, and therefore it remains unknown how the photoperiodic information is processed and mediated by Mip.


This research is aimed at knowing whether students" speaking ability can be improved by using Two Stay Two Stray and what are the strengths and weaknesses of Two Stay Two Stray in teaching speaking in the second semester students of FPBS IKIP Mataram in the academic years of 2013/2014. This research uses Classroom Action Research (CAR) which is taken from Kemmis and McTanggart"s design; it consists of 2 cycles. Every cycle consists of four phases those are: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subject of this research is the students in II d of FPBS IKIP Mataram. Field note, questionnaire, and test are used in collecting the data. There are three tests used in this research, they are: pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2 with the standard of students" successful was 65. The findings of the research showed that (1) The students" speaking ability improved; (2) Related to the field note results showed that the students were more confident and enthusiast in speaking. It can be seen from their participation in the class, in the conversation, and their performance in group work; and (3) Related to the questionnaire result, it is proved that the response of the students toward Two Stay – Two Stray in teaching speaking is 96%. Based on all those findings, it can be concluded that the application of Two Stay Two Stray can improve the students" speaking ability.


The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) genes are key regulatory genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which are independently involved in maintaining low levels of β-catenin in the cell. In addition to genetic and epigenetic alterations, some genetic polymorphisms in the genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cancer, including breast cancer. In the present study we analyzed the association of genotype and haplotype status of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2229992 and rs11283943, in the APC and MCC genes, respectively, with an increased risk of breast carcinogenesis in a breast cancer and control population from eastern India. We observed a significant association of the rs11283943 SNP with increased breast cancer risk. Two specific haplotypes involving the minor allele of rs11283943 were found to be associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significant association of the 2–2 genotype (genotype homozygous for the rs11283943 minor allele) with decreased survival (p=0.045) of the breast cancer patients in our study, in particular patients with early-onset BC.


Author(s): Francis, Stephen Starko | Advisor(s): Buffler, Patricia A; Selvin, Steve | Abstract: The etiology of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer, is unknown. A role for infection is supported by considerable research over the last twenty years. Despite this evidence and many infection related hypotheses, no definitive infectious agent has been identified. Until recently broad surveys of the microbiome were not possible. Modern developments in next generation sequencing and bioinformatics however now allow unbiased investigation into the astounding diversity of organisms that inhabit the human body. This dissertation describes the first comprehensive analysis of tissue from children with childhood leukemia using metagenomic (the study of non-human nucleic acids) and epidemiologic methods. Metagenomes in pre treatment bone marrow from the Fallon, NV ALL cluster and other ALL non-clustered cases from California were interrogated for known and novel infections. A putative and potentially novel human virus was found in the Fallon cases. To investigate viruses involved more broadly in childhood ALL, viromes of pre-treatment bone marrow from children with acute myloid leukemia (AML) and from children with ALL (who we assumed to have similar background infections) were compared. In children with ALL, a greater intensity of viral infection as well as a significant difference in the expression of viral packets originating from double stranded DNA viruses was observed. Using 16s based bacterial metagenomics, no difference was observed in bacterial diversity between the groups showing the absence of differential contamination and suggesting that bacteria do not play a role in ALL. These results suggest a possible putative causal agent in the Fallon Nevada leukemia cluster and increased viral infection driven by double stranded DNA viruses in non-clustered children with ALL.These data contribute to an etiologic hypothesis of ALL where a combination of pre-natal and post-natal events lead to leukemia. First, an underlying genetic predisposition, combined with an in utero infectious exposure, cause chromosomal anomalies and immune dysregulation. This followed by postnatal events, including toxic and infectious exposures that further modify adaptive immunity lead to a greater intensity of infections. This feeds the loop of enhanced b-cell production that facilitates virally induced self- mutation caused by foreign nucleic acids invading pre b-cells. Resulting in an ABOBEC arbitrated hypermutation. Eventually the loop of enhanced yet less competent b-cell production, RAG mediated over mutation, increased infection leading to pre b-cell viral nucleic acid loading, and APOBEC caused self mutation remove the proliferative and apoptotic cellular checks. The result is childhood ALL.


More and more people use the Internet to work on duties of their daily work routine. To find the right information online, Web search engines are the tools of their choice. Apart from finding facts, people use Web search engines to also execute rather complex and time consuming search tasks. So far search engines follow the one-for-all approach to serve its users and little is known about the impact of gender and age on people's Web search behavior. In this article we present a study that examines (1) how female and male web users carry out simple and complex search tasks and what are the differences between the two user groups, and (2) how the age of the users impacts their search performance. The laboratory study was done with 56 ordinary people each carrying out 12 search tasks. Our findings confirm that age impacts behavior and search performance significantly, while gender influences were smaller than expected.


The challenges encountered after the financial crises of 1997 98 and 2008 09 have revealed some valuable lessons with regard to monetary policy. In a small open economy, such as that of Indonesia, the multiple challenges facing monetary policy as a result of capital flow dynamics, amid inflationary pressures, suggest that the monetary authorities should employ multiple instruments. This paper shows that coordinated implementation of a policy instrument mix should ultimately be part of an important strategy for optimally managing the monetary policy trilemma in the current climate, which is fraught with widespread uncertainty. It also shows that a post-GFC monetary policy framework in Indonesia is, generally, characterized by "enhanced" ITF. in "enhanced: ITF, the policy framework continues to adhere to an inflation target as the overriding objective of monetary policy. The main characteristics of ITF will remain, namely, that the inflation target is announced publicly and that the monetary policy is forward-looking, transparent, and clearly accountable. However, the ITF is implemented in a more feasible manner, which means that Bank Indonesia must not only look at the inflation target merely in terms of policy formulation but also consider a number of other factors, including financial sector stability and the dynamics of capital flows and the exchange rate. Therefore, achievement of macroeconomic stability not only is tied to monetary stability (price stability) but also interacts with financial system stability.


In this article, electrical performance analysis of high-speed interconnection and power delivery network (PDN) in low-loss glass substrate-based interposers is conducted considering signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI). The low-loss glass substrate is a superior alternative to silicon substrate in terms of high-speed signaling and fabrication yield. However, the low-loss of the substrate is vulnerable to power/ground noise in the PDN since the low-loss property of the substrate cannot suppress the noise naturally. In this article, an in-depth electrical performance analysis is conducted based on various measurements and simulations to fully benefit the advantages of the low-loss glass substrate. First, the fabrication process and test vehicles for the analysis are explained. Using the test vehicles, the electrical performance of the glass interposer's high-speed interconnection is compared with those of silicon and organic interposers. The insertion loss, eye-diagrams, and signal bandwidths of three interposer channels are compared and analyzed based on electromagnetic (EM) and circuit simulations. Also, the electrical performance of the through glass via (TGV) channel is measured and compared with through silicon via (TSV) channel. The high-speed interconnection of the glass interposer showed better performance for most of the parameters which is more suitable for maintaining the SI. Even though the low-loss of the glass substrate ensured the SI, power/ground noise issues in the PDN must be analyzed and solved. In this article, various cases inducing the power/ground noise in the PDN are considered, simulated, and measured. To solve the issues, ground TGV design and electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) design are proposed for an efficient broadband suppression of the noise generated in the glass interposer PDN.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of volume-based 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters regarding the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) in patients with uterine cervical cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched until January 19, 2018. We included studies that evaluated pretreatment MTV or TLG as a prognostic factor in uterine cervical cancer with event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) as the endpoints. Effect sizes of the prognostic value of MTV and TLG were measured in terms of hazard ratio (HR) and were meta-analytically pooled. Multiple subgroup analyses stratified to clinicopathologic and PET/CT variables were performed to explore heterogeneity.

RESULTS
Twelve studies including 660 patients were included. Prognoses were worse in patients with high MTV and TLG, with pooled HRs of 5.89 (95% CI, 3.85-9.01; p < 0.00001) and 5.82 (95% CI, 3.62-9.35; p < 0.00001), respectively, for EFS and 6.62 (95% CI, 3.44-12.73; p < 0.00001) and 7.75 (95% CI, 3.48-17.27; p < 0.00001), respectively, for OS. At multiple subgroups analyses, the prognostic values of MTV and TLG for EFS were consistently significant, with pooled HRs of 5.08-7.30 and 4.80-15.83, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Volume-based FDG PET/CT parameters were significant prognostic factors in patients with uterine cervical cancer. In spite of clinical and methodologic differences across the studies, patients with high MTV or TLG had a higher risk of adverse events or death.


A recently developed electrodiagnostic technique, the combined sensory index (CSI), has been recommended for its greater sensitivity in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The CSI requires a greater number of procedures and therefore involves greater time, cost, and patient discomfort than does conventional electrodiagnostic testing. The CSI is composed of three commonly used electrodiagnostic techniques. There is a close correlation between the components of the CSI, and in most cases, all three components of the CSI are in agreement. We performed a study to develop and validate an algorithm that could be used to identify subsets of patients with CTS in whom CSI testing is particularly useful. Subjects were consecutive outpatient veterans referred by a heterogeneous group of specialists and generalists for electrodiagnostic evaluation of paresthesias in a median distribution with nocturnal exacerbation of symptoms. The CSI served as our gold standard. Using our simple algorithm, we found that in approximately 95% of cases, it was unnecessary to perform the CSI. This management strategy improves patient comfort and reduces electrodiagnostic cost while identifying the minority of patients for whom the CSI is indicated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1078–1082, 2001


In the paper the MicroTCA.4 based optical frontend readout (OFR) electronics and its applications for beam arrival time monitor (BAM) and fast beam based feedback (BBF) is presented. The idea is to have a possibility to monitor the modulation density of the optical laser pulses by the electron bunches and apply this information for the BBF. The OFR composed of double width fast mezzanine card (FMC) and advanced mezzanine card (AMC) based FMC carrier. The FMC module consists of three optical channel inputs (data and clock), two optical channel outputs (beam arrival time), 250 MSPS ADCs, clock generator module (CGM) with integrated 2.8 GHz voltage control oscillator (VCO). The optical signals are detected with 800 MHz InGaAs photodiodes, conditioned using 2 GHz current - feedback amplifiers, filtered by 3.3 GHz differential amplifiers and next direct sampled with 16 - bit 900 MHz of analog bandwidth ADCs. The CGM is used to provide clock outputs for the ADCs and for the FMC carrier with additive output jitter of less than 300 fs rms. The BAM application has been implemented using Virtex 5 FPGA and measured with its performance at Free Electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) facility.


Strategy synthesis for multi-agent systems has proved to be a hard task, even when limited to two-player games with safety objectives. Generalized strategy synthesis, an extension of generalized planning which aims to produce a single solution for multiple (possibly infinitely many) planning instances, is a promising direction to deal with the state-space explosion problem. In this paper, we formalize the problem of generalized strategy synthesis in the situation calculus. The synthesis task involves second-order theorem proving generally. Thus we consider strategies aiming to maintain invariants; such strategies can be verified with first-order theorem proving. We propose a sound but incomplete approach to synthesize invariant strategies by adapting the framework of counterexample-guided refinement. The key idea for refinement is to generate a strategy using a model checker for a game constructed from the counterexample, and use it to refine the candidate general strategy. We implemented our method and did experiments with a number of game problems. Our system can successfully synthesize solutions for most of the domains within a reasonable amount of time.


People of African descent use direct-to-consumer genomics services such as 23andMe and AncestryDNA for various family histories and health reasons, including identifying and interacting with the previously unknown living African genetic relatives. In this commentary, I argue that it is reasonable to consider that cousin pairs consisting of an African person and a descendant of an African person enslaved in the Americans during the Transatlantic Slave Trade (i.e., a person of African descent) have genealogical ancestors recent enough to be detected using autosomal DNA testing where the pair has shared ancestors in the range of 20-6 generations ago from the present.


A game tree is described that operates in real time within a distributed virtual environment. Such an environment demonstrates asynchronous, highly dynamic qualities which are typically beyond the realm of adversarial game trees. The purpose of this game tree is to rapidly determine the best fighter aircraft maneuver to apply in a given situation involving the subject computer generated aircraft and a single opponent aircraft. The game tree uses fuzzy logic to describe and evaluate the spatial relationship between the two entities. A knowledge base of maneuvers is represented as matrices of three-dimensional points in space. Real time decisions are achieved by calculating a maximum allowable decision time which is dynamically constrained based on distance between entities. A variable look-ahead value models a variety of pilot performance capabilities. This game tree has been successfully tested in a subset of spatial combinations describing the positions and orientations of two opposing aircraft in a distributed virtual environment.


In recent cyber attacks, credential theft has emerged as one of the primary vectors of gaining entry into the system. Once attacker(s) have a foothold in the system, they use various techniques including token manipulation to elevate the privileges and access protected resources. This makes authentication and token based authorization a critical component for a secure and resilient cyber system. In this paper we discuss the design considerations for such a secure and resilient authentication and authorization framework capable of self-adapting based on the risk scores and trust profiles. We compare this design with the existing standards such as OAuth 2.0, OpenID Connect and SAML 2.0. We then study popular threat models such as STRIDE and PASTA and summarize the resilience of the proposed architecture against common and relevant threat vectors. We call this framework as Resilient Risk based Adaptive Authentication and Authorization (RAD-AA). The proposed framework excessively increases the cost for an adversary to launch and sustain any cyber attack and provides much-needed strength to critical infrastructure. We also discuss the machine learning (ML) approach for the adaptive engine to accurately classify transactions and arrive at risk scores.


In hamster ascending thin limb of Henle's loop (ATL) perfused in vitro, we examined halogen selective permeability and effects on Cl- transport. Relative permeabilities for halogens to sodium (PX/PNa) were determined by single salt dilution voltage. (PF/PNA, PCl/PNa, PBr/PNa and PI/PNa were 0.47 +/- 0.09, 3.23 +/- 0.22, 3.23 +/- 0.26, and 0.47 +/- 0.09, respectively. Simultaneous determination of 36Cl and 125I fluxes confirmed that addition of 10(-4) M 5-nitro-2-(3-phenyl-propylamino)-benzoate (NPPB), a Cl- channel blocker, to the bath decreased the flux coefficient for 36Cl (10(-7) cm2/s) from 67.0 +/- 11.7 to 29.5 +/- 7.9 without affecting that for 125I. NPPB also reduced both PCl/PNa and PBr/PNa from 2.67 +/- 0.20 to 0.95 +/- 0.12 and from 2.33 +/- 0.24 to 1.32 +/- 0.12, respectively. Addition of 100 mM Cl- or I- decreased 36Cl flux coefficient from 124.8 +/- 14.3 to 87.7 +/- 13.0 or to 41.0 +/- 11.6 without affecting that for 125I. All other halogens and SCN- also exhibited inhibitory effects on 36Cl flux. These findings support the hypothesis that the putative Cl- channel in the ATL is highly permeable to both Cl- and Br- but less permeable to I-, F-, and SCN-. They suggest that there are at least two functionally distinct components in the process of Cl- transport across the ATL, the binding site and the selective barrier. All halogens may compete against Cl- at the binding site.


The optimal dose of a drug may be defined as that dose that provides the desired therapeutic effects with a minimum of undesirable side-effects. The ease and safety with which a drug is administered is frequently related to the precision with which one can define an optimal dose for a majority of patients requiring the drug. In regard to morphine specifically, there are important reasons why its optimal dose should be carefully defined. First, it is usually employed in the treatment of acute pain when there is a premium on rapid and effective relief and little opportunity for leisurely trial and error individualization. Second, morphine can produce unpleasant and even dangerous side-effects, so that the flexibility in dosage is not as great as is permissible with a drug like penicillin, for example. Third, in regard to the risk of addiction, the view has been expressed that the use of minimal effective doses of morphine reduces the incidence of euphoria,1and evidence has been presented that the development of physical dependence is directly related to the size of the dose administered. Fourth, it is customary for investigators to compare old and new analgesics with morphine as a standard of reference; the optimal dose of the latter drug is particularly appropriate as such a standard.


This paper argues that trust cannot be taken for granted in long-term participatory research and promotes greater consideration to conceptualizing the trusting process as fluid and fragile. This awareness by researchers can reveal to them how the passing of time shapes and reshapes the nature of trusting relationships and their constant negotiation and re-negotiation. The paper draws together literature from different disciplines on the themes of trust, temporality and participatory research and outcomes from interviews and workshops undertaken for The Trust Map project to focus on two key moments that reveal the fragility of trust. These are the subtlety of disruption and trust on trial and trust at a distance. We discuss how trust was built over time through processes of interaction that were continually tested, incremental and participatory.


The sense of touch in our body is something that many of us take for granted. It is after all hard to imagine how we would move and utilize our arms and legs without any sensory feedback. For people who need to use hand prosthetics it is however very clear how they could improve their quality of life if they could "feel" with their hands once again. This could be realized using an artificial sense of touch, a sensory feedback system. There are different ways to accomplish the above. A simple solution would be to pair force sensors on the hand prosthesis with a device which provides mechanical feedback to the user. Such an approach is investigated in this report. The initial step was to build a prototype device which would allow for controlling a DC motor with force input from the user. This system was then used as a test bench to compare results from using two different sensor types, the FSR and SingleTact sensors. With the main findings from this report it can be concluded that a feedback system using both sensor types can work. While the error was reduced to some extent using PI control, further work will be necessary until the system can be used in practice. (Less)


The National Institute of Standards and Technology give the following definition: "Digital rights management is a system of information technology components and services along with corresponding law, policies and business models which strives to distribute and control intellectual property and its right." However, most existing DRM systems are designed for powerful protection. The portability of rights is restricted by close confinement of the DRM protection mechanism. The user's fair use rights are being violated. In this paper we propose a protocol to achieve the fair use by using virtual software token.


Background: Handover is the transfer of responsibility carried out by the shift implementing nurse and then given to the other person in charge using the SBAR technique. The importance of the SBAR technique in handover to reduce malpractice due is to unclear communication, improve teamwork, improve patient safety, and provide complete information on patient conditions.
Objectives: Known process of handover by a nurse on a covid-19 patient at "B" hospital in 2021/2022.
Methods: This research is quantitative research with the type of observational description study with a cross-sectional approach. The instruments used were handover checklist sheets and knowledge questionnaire sheets.
Results: Implementation of the SBAR technique handover on covid-19 patients at "B" hospital Jambi did not perform well with Situation points of 75.4%, from 7 checklist points it was known that nurses were able to mention the patient's name (100%), the day of treatment, and the treating doctor (95.5%), medical diagnosis (100%), and complaints. main patient (81.8%) with good category. The background point is 49.35%, and it is shown that nurses are less able to explain nursing interventions that have been carried out, the patient's allergy history, and the patient's disease history. Point Assessment is 30.3%, of the six highest checklist points, nurses who can mention the patient's vital signs (81.8%) and elimination abilities (95.5%) are in a good category. Point Recommendation (36.6%) of the three points of the nurse checklist provides recommendations for nursing interventions that have been and need to be continued (95.5%). This is supported by the results of the nurse's SBAR technique handover knowledge, namely 59.32% (Know enough).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the research on the implementation of the weigh-in of Covid-19 patients at "B" hospital went poorly with the best aspect at the Situation point of 75.4%, supported by the knowledge of nurses about weighing and receiving, namely 59.32% which was included in the category of Sufficient Know


Soybean is an important global crop for edible protein and oil, and plant height is a main breeding goal which is closely related to its plant shape and yield. In this research, a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed by 1996 SNP-bin markers on the basis of a recombinant inbred line population derived from Dongnong L13 × Henong 60. A total of 33 QTL related to plant height were identified, of which five were repeatedly detected in multiple environments. In addition, a 455-germplasm population with 63,306 SNP markers was used for multi-locus association analysis. A total of 62 plant height QTN were detected, of which 26 were detected repeatedly under multiple methods. Two candidate genes, Glyma.02G133000 and Glyma.05G240600, involving in plant height were predicted by pathway analysis in the regions identified by multiple environments and backgrounds, and validated by qRT-PCR. These results enriched the soybean plant height regulatory network and contributed to molecular selection-assisted breeding.