A proper understanding of how locusts fly must be based upon knowledge of how the wings are moved. A desert locust was suspended from a balance and placed in an air stream so that it flew under nearly the same conditions as during natural forward flight. Four stroboscopic slow-motion films were selected for measurement. The movements of the wings, i.e. their positions, velocities and accelerations, were then calculated in sufficient detail to show how these quantities vary with time during one complete wing stroke. The aerodynamic lift and drag of the entire natural wing were measured in a wind tunnel with the wing arranged in different positions relative to the flow. By placing it in the boundary layer of the tunnel, the wind speed was graded from tip to base in approximately the same way as during the actual flight. There is therefore no error due to scale effect or to the induced drag. In most respects the wings resemble ordinary, slightly cambered airfoils. Their characteristics are given as polar diagrams. The kinematic and aerodynamic analyses make it possible to calculate the forces which act upon the locust at any instant of time. It is here necessary to presuppose that the non-stationary flight situations are essentially similar to a sequence of stationary situations. For locusts, this presupposition is justified: (i) from theoretical estimates of the quantitative effect of non-stationary flow; and (ii) from control measurements of the average thrust and lift produced during flight. It was found that the calculated vertical force, when averaged over an entire wing stroke, equalled the average reduction in body weight, as measured directly on the flight balance. Similarly, the average thrust of the wings corresponded to the drag of the body. The analysis shows how the aerodynamic forces vary during the wing stroke. The hindwings are responsible for about 70 % of the total lift and thrust. About 80 % of the lift is produced during the downstroke. During flight at normal lift the angles of attack (middle part of wing) are small during the upstroke and vary between 10 and 15° during the downstroke. When the lift was larger or smaller than the body weight these figures increased or decreased respectively. The forewings are peculiar in two ways: (i) during the middle part of the downstroke a true flap (the vannus) is put into action; (ii) during the upstroke the proximal part has a Z-shaped cross-section and gives but little lift and drag. The hindwings are characteristic in that the posterior part (vannus) is flexible and becomes moulded by the wind, increasing the angle of attack at which stalling occurs to about 25°. Since both the movements of the wings relative to the body and the aerodynamic forces are known at any instant, the exchange of power with the surrounding air can be calculated. The moments of inertia of the wing mass being known, the power for accelerating the wings can also be estimated. The sum of these contributions is the power which passes the wing fulcrum; this estimate is used in a later paper (part IX) where the energetics of flight is discussed in detail. The diagrams are correct to scale. The restriction of freedom caused by the suspension is discussed, together with the possible errors of a stationary analysis.


The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system is a dynamic extracellular protease system that regulates both proteolytic and non-proteolytic events associated with cancer progression. In earlier studies, we have demonstrated that radiation-induced cell adhesion was associated with uPAR expression and downregulation of uPAR effectively inhibited radiation-induced cell adhesion of medulloblastoma cells. Herein, we further investigated the impact of uPAR downregulation on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), a key regulator component of the uPA system, and its role in cell adhesion. With radiation treatment, the levels of uPAR and PAI-1 increased in D283 and UW228 cells. Surprisingly, knockdown of uPAR elevated the levels of PAI-1. The increase in PAI-1 levels in uPAR-knocked down cells was regulated by activation of cJUN/CREB signaling molecules. Moreover, studies show that the reduced interaction between uPAR and integrin α5β1 plays a critical role in PAI-1 release into the extracellular matrix, thereby enhancing the cell detachment process. Incubation of medulloblastoma cells with Tiplaxtinin-PAI-039, a potent PAI-1 activity inhibitor, increased the association of uPAR with integrin α5β1 and cell adhesion. Interestingly, prolonged inhibition of PAI-1 activity adversely affected cell viability; we were able to revert this effect by exogenously supplementing cells with recombinant PAI-1. Moreover r-PAI-1 showed no significant effect on cell adhesion whereas it increased the association of uPAR with integrin α5β1. Expression of full-length (FL) uPAR elevated uPA and PAI-1 levels both at the transcriptional and the translational levels. These increased PAI-1 levels play a pivotal role in regulating uPA activity by binding and translocating integrin α5β1 towards the uPA/uPAR complex. Taken together, the results of the present study lead us to conclude that levels of uPAR and integrin α5β1, and their association on the cell surface dictate the function of PAI-1 to maintain extracellular homeostasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5187. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5187


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of percutaneous treatment of PAVFs through the results of long-term follow-up.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Transcatheter embolization of PAVFs using spring coils was performed in seven patients (six women and one man) with nine PAVFs, between 1989 and 1995, who were followed up at least one year. The size of the nine PAVFs ranged from 4 mm to 70 mm in diameter (mean 26 mm). Two fistulas were huge, 70 x 45 mm and 60 x 65 mm in diameter. Embolization was performed twice in three patients and once in four patients. In the two patients with huge PAVFs, after anchoring metallic "spiders" into the feeding artery, the largest coils were positioned and entangled with the "spider" followed by the placement of smaller coils to fill in the center of the feeding artery.

RESULTS
No severe complications were seen in the short-term follow-up. Arterial oxygen pressure improved in all patients with low oxygen pressure. Five patients with seven fistulas, six of which disappeared on chest X-ray film, are still alive after follow-up ranging from one year and 10 months to seven years and nine months. The two patients with huge fistulas died more than one year after treatment, one of hemoptysis of the contralateral lung and the other of pulmonary fibrosis.

CONCLUSION
Complete embolization of a medium-sized feeding artery can cure this anomaly.


The need to use high volumes of data and the high competition are only two reasons which make necessary the use of information technologies. The objective of our research is to establish the impact of information technologies on the accounting department of the Romanian companies. In order to achieve it, starting from the literature review we made an empirical research based on a questionnaire. We investigated the types of technologies used, the reasons which led to the implementation of certain technologies, the benefits brought by the use of the information technologies, the difficulties brought by the implementation and the future effects of the applications. The conclusions show that there is an evolution in the degree of implementation of the information technologies in the Romanian companies, compared with the results of other studies conducted a few years before. Keywords—Information technologies, impact, company, Romania, empirical study.


The existence of sexual partnerships that overlap in time (concurrent relationships) is believed by some to be a significant contributing factor to the spread of HIV, although this is controversial. We derive an edge-based compartmental model which allows us to investigate and compare disease spread in populations with and without concurrency. We can identify regions of parameter space in which its impact is negligible, and other regions in which it plays a major role. We also see that the impact of concurrency on the initial growth phase can be much larger than its impact on the equilibrium size. We see that the effect of concurrency saturates, which leads to the perhaps surprising conclusion that interventions targeting concurrency may be most effective in populations with low to moderate levels of concurrency.


Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls protecting them from a myriad of environmental challenges. For successful habitat adaptation, extracellular cues are perceived at the cell wall and relayed to downstream signaling constituents to mediate dynamic cell wall remodeling and adapted intracellular responses. Plant malectin-like receptor kinases, also known as Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like proteins (CrRLK1Ls), take part in these perception and relay processes. CrRLK1Ls are involved in many different plant functions. Their ligands, interactors, and downstream signaling partners are being unraveled, and studies about CrRLK1Ls' roles in plant species other than the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana are beginning to flourish. This review focuses on recent CrRLK1L-related advances in cell growth, reproduction, hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, and, particularly, immunity. We also give an overview of the comparative genomics and evolution of CrRLK1Ls, and present a brief outlook for future research.


In recent years, a number of drugs have been identified which may alter the response to oral anticoagulants in man. Phenylbutazone and its congeners are probably the most widely recognized drugs capable of enhancing the hypoprothrombinemic action of oral anticoagulants. Other drugs which may enhance the anticoagulant response include acetaminophen, antibiotics, clofibrate, diphenylhydantoin, disulfiram, indomethacin, methylphenidate hydrochloride, methandrostenolone and norethandrolone, phenyramidol hydrochloride, quinidine and quinine, salicylates, thiouracils, and dextrothyroxine sodium. Conversely, barbiturates may decrease the anticoagulant effect of coumarin drugs and necessitate larger doses for effective anticoagulation. The failure to anticipate a reduced coumarin requirement when the barbiturate is discontinued may result in excessive anticoagulation. A similar effect has been demonstrated for the following drugs: antacids, chloral hydrate, cholestyramine resin, corticosteroids, ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, griseofulvin, haloperidol, meprobamate, and contraceptives administered orally. Mechanisms responsible for these interactions have been elucidated for a number of drugs. 1-10 Numerous case reports confirm bleeding complications


We prepared four series of triphenylamine (TPA)-based luminogens with various functional groups (diphthalic imide, tetracarboxylic acid, diphthalic anhydride, and pristine TPA) and substituted groups (–H, –Br, –CHO, and –CN), and corresponding fluorescent polyimides (PIs) were prepared from triarylamine-based dianhydride monomers with various aromatic and aliphatic diamine monomers for the investigation of their photophyscial behaviors. In the solution state, the introduction of strong electron acceptors such as formyl and cyano substituents in the luminogens induced strong emissions due to hybridized local and charge-transfer transitions (HLCTs). However, aggregated molecules containing these pendant electron-accepting groups resulted in quenching fluorescence behavior due to intermolecular interactions and energy transfers. Furthermore, the competition of aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effects was investigated and is discussed.


The kinetics of appearance of the precursors of SuppA cells (capable of inhibiting CTLp leads to CTL) or SuppB cells (capable of inhibiting (stem cells leads to CTLp) in neonatal mice, as well as the appearance of SuppA/SuppB cells in mice given neonatal innoculations of semiallogeneic spleen cells has been investigated. The data obtained are consistent with the idea that SuppA cells have a natural role to play in the induction of neonatal tolerance, whereas SuppB cells may be more important for the maintenance of the tolerant state. Unlike the level of SuppB cells, the level of SuppA cells in tolerant mice seems to be modulated by the presence of the tolerizing determinants. Data are provided to show that SuppB cells, once induced in tolerant mice, can adoptively transfer specific allograft unresponsiveness to newborn syngeneic mice in the absence of added tolerizing antigen, whereas SuppA cells are not able to do so. These data fit the notion that SuppB cells may be responsible for the phenotype of clonal deletion.


Microphthalmia and cerebral atrophies were induced in mouse embryos after injection of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) into the conceptus at midgestation. The concepti of ICR mice on day 8.5 of gestation were injected with MCMV through the uterine wall, then pregnancies were allowed to continue. On day 15.5 of gestation, microphthalmia was observed in 19.2% of the MCMV-injected embryos (1 x 10(4) plaque-forming units). As the survival rate decreased when pregnancies were allowed to continue further, incidence of microphthalmia decreased, whereas cerebral atrophies, determined by examining the histological sections, were observed in 17.6% of the surviving mouse fetuses on day 18.5 of gestation. Microphthalmia was confirmed by microscopically measuring the eyes on the serial coronal sections. There were two types of microphthalmia: one with marked hypoplastic eye with periglobular mesenchymal proliferation, the other with small eye and lens without the mesenchymal proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibodies specific to the nuclear antigen of MCMV. Viral antigen-positive cells were widely distributed in the mesenchymes around the oral and nasal cavities and in the mesenchymes around the brain, especially in the endothelial cells of the vessels and the perivascular mesodermal cells. In the eyes, viral antigen-positive cells were observed in mononuclear blood cells in the cavities of the vitreous bodies. These results suggest that the primary target of congenital cytomegalovirus infection may be the mesenchymal cells; then the infection extends to the eyes and brain. In addition, the mesenchymal infection may also disrupt their organogenesis, resulting in microphthalmia and cerebral atrophy. This experimental system may provide a model similar to congenital cytomegalovirus infection in humans.


Valence bond SCF calculations have been carried out on identity proton transfers of the type X−H + X- → X- + H−X and X−H+ + X → X + X−H+ for systems where X = F-, Cl-, Br-, OH-, SH-, NH2-, PH2-, CH3-, SiH3-, OH2, NH3, and PH3. A hybrid consisting of three contributing structuresreactantlike, productlike, and ionic (X- H+ X- or X H+ X)gives reasonable results, though additional structures afford a slight further decrease in energy. Energies somewhat below Hartree−Fock and reasonable weights are obtained. Calculated barriers agree well with those obtained by high-level ab initio calculations with correlation. Insights into the factors determining barrier height are obtained.


Outage probability and Bit Error Rate (BER) are both important link quality parameters for wireless communication systems. In this paper, the error in dB between the MultiResolution Frequency-Domain ParFlow (MR-FDPF) model and the channel measurement is first modeled to follow the normal distribution which is verified by performing the Lilliefors goodness of fit test. Then a realistic BER map as well as its confidence interval can be predicted. In addition, the normally distributed error in dB can be regarded as a kind of lognormal shadowing introduced by the MR-FDPF model due to, for instance, the inaccurate scenario modeling. Then a realistic outage probability can be computed by taking into account both the large scale lognormal shadowing and the small scale Nakagami-m fading.


Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems encountered by neonatal infants
Objectives: 1-To identify an incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in neonatal in Mosul city. 2-To determine the risk factors which may associated with hyperbilirubinemia.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on 440 neonates attending the Al-Khansaa Teaching Hospital and Ibin-Sena Teaching Hospital in neonatal intensive care units. The study aimed to identify the prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia among neonates and to determine the associated risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in Mosul city, through out 28th December 2009 to the end of 28th April 2010.
Results: The study revealed that the (35%) of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, male neonates were (66% ), while (34%) were female, the mean birth weight was (2.674) kg., the mean peak bilirubin level was ( 13.67) mg/dL,
Conclusion: Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems encountered by the neonatal infants in Mosul city, the male gender showed more effected than female for the development of hyperbilirubinemia, neonates of mothers with low educational level are more effected by hyperbilirubinemia than good education, positive family history of jaundice in sibling had higher significant risk for hyperbilirubinemia than those with negative history, poor feeding had significant risk for hyperbilirubinemia than jaundiced neonates with good feeding, maternal age > 25 years had a significant relationship between mother age and neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.
Recommendation: Screening for hyperbilirubinemia in 1st three days of life by nurses , provide parents with information about treatment and complication, education and training the nursing staff about hyperbilirubinemia and encouraging the women and men to have pre-marital test for Rh factor.


Over the last 7 decades, 23 exotic fish species have been introduced into the inland waters of Greece. Some introductions were deliberately planned to take advantage of particular ecological or economic qualities of the species concerned. These include rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus sp., vendace, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes). Other introductions, such as that of pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (L.), and false rasbora, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel), were unintentional. Further transfers were made of species between various basins within the country, including common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., tench, Tinca tinca (L.), crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch), and Aristotle's catfish, Silurus aristotelis Garman. Some species have become fully acclimatized and have built up important populations. In other cases, the transfers and introductions have had considerable negative impacts, particularly where introduced species have outcompeted native forms, as in the cases of the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard), versus Greek toothcarp, Valencia letourneuxi (Sauvage), in the western Greek marshes, and of Aristotle's catfish versus the wels, Silurus glanis L., in Lake Volvi.


Lyme disease is a multisystem disease caused by infection with Borrelia. Cardiac involvement occurs during the disseminated phase of the disease, usually within weeks to a few months after the onset of infection. The most common clinical feature of Lyme carditis is atrioventricular (AV) conduction block, however, it can also cause cardiomyopathy and myopericarditis. With widespread travel, we need tests that have high sensitivity, irrespective of the borrelial species and the area where it was acquired. We believe that C6 peptide test will help us diagnose imported Lyme disease earlier in the course than the current CDC recommended two-tiered approach which might result in delayed or missed diagnosis.


Objective The comparison of Staining silver mRNA differential display with autoradiography mRNA differential display method was performed during Isolating and cloning the multidrug\|resistance\|related genes in gastric cancer SGC7901 cell line. Methods To establish drug\|resistance human gastric cancer SGC7901/VCR cell induced by vincristine. Different drug\|resistance related genes in SGC7901/VCR were screened with staining silver and autoradiography mRNA differential display method. Results The mRNA differential display method with silver staining was short time, lower cost, and convenience for acting. Autoradiography mRNA differential display method, which can get more differential low\|abundance DNA bands, was superior to silver staining method. There was no difference during re\|amplifying of differential DNA bands, cloning, sequencing, hybridization for identification and false positive rate using them. Conclusion The silver staining mRNA differential display method was better for rapid screening of high\|abundance differential expressed genes; the later was benefited for visualizing more differential expressed genes between SGC7901 cell and SGC7901/VCR cell.


We report, in detail, on precursor concentration monitoring in the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) by ultrasonic measurement and a newly developed feedback system to solve reproducibility problems. The fluctuation of the flow rate of dipivaloylmethanate (DPM) compounds has been clearly observed. We have proposed a feedback system using an ultrasonic concentration analyzer and two sets of mass flow controllers for each precursor, and have proven the validity of the operation.


A 10-year-old male African elephant (Loxodonta africana) at Samburu National Reserve in Northern Kenya, weighing approximately 1,600 kg, presented with an umbilical hernia in October 2013. Umbilical herniorrhaphy was carried out under field conditions. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using etorphine hydrochloride for 3 hours during the surgery. This case report details both the surgical and anesthetic procedure carried out to correct the hernia, and the eventual successful recovery of the elephant from anesthesia. However, the elephant died weeks after the surgery and a postmortem could not reveal the cause of death because predators had scavenged the carcass. The challenges of the surgical procedure and outcome including possible causes of death are highlighted in this report.


This study compares the performance of Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) precipitation ensemble forecasts in Brazil and evaluates different analog-based methods and a logistic regression method for postprocessing the GEFS forecasts. The numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts were evaluated against the Physical Science Division South America Daily Gridded Precipitation dataset using both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting evaluation metrics. The results show that the ensemble precipitation forecasts performed commonly well in the east and poorly in the northwest of Brazil, independent of the models and the postprocessing methods. While the raw ECMWF forecasts performed better than the raw GEFS forecasts, analog-based GEFS forecasts were more skillful and reliable than both raw ECMWF and GEFS forecasts. The choice of a specific postprocessing strategy had less impact on the performance than the postprocessing itself. Nonetheless, forecasts produced with different analog-based postprocessing strategies were significantly different and were more skillful and as reliable and sharp as forecasts produced with the logistic regression method. The approach considering the logarithm of current and past reforecasts as the measure of closeness between analogs was identified as the best strategy. The results also indicate that the postprocessing using analog methods with long-term reforecast archive improved raw GEFS precipitation forecasting skill more than using logistic regression with short-term reforecast archive. In particular, the postprocessing dramatically improves the GEFS precipitation forecasts when the forecasting skill is low or below zero.


Abstract : This report presents the results of a Phase I marine remote sensing survey for the West Bay Diversion Project on the Mississippi River, Plaquemines Parish, louisiana. These investigations were conducted during February 13 - 20, 2000, by R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. on behalf of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (USACE-NOD). The study was undertaken to assist the USACE-NOD in satisfying its responsibilities under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. All aspects of the investigations were completed in accordance with the Scope-of-Work, and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation (Federal Register 48, No 190,1983). The survey area consists of two areas, of which both lie in the Mississippi River, near Cubits Gap, from Old Quarantine to the Head of Passes. The first area measures approximately 4 mi (6,485 m) long and 500 ft (152 m) wide, and encompassed approximately 244 acres. This area is proposed to be maintained for anchorage. The second area is an area within the limits of the Cut/Diversion and measures approximately 4,600 ft (1,402 m) long and 1,239 ft (378 m) wide, and covered roughly 130.8 acres. The objectives of this study were to identify specific targets within the project area that might represent significant cultural resources, and to provide the USACE-NOD with management recommendations for such resources. These objectives were met with a research design that combined background archival investigations and a marine archeological remote sensing survey. Archeological investigations consisted of a controlled marine remote sensing survey of approximately 67.0 linear miles of river bottom. This survey utilized a differential global positioning system (DGPS), a digital recording side scan sonar, a recording proton procession magnetometer, a fathometer, and hydrographic navigational computer software.


In the globalizing world, knowledge and information (and the social and technological settings for their production and communication) are now seen as keys to economic prosperity. The economy of a knowledge city creates value-added products using research, technology, and brainpower. The social benefit of knowledge-based urban development (KBUD); however, extends beyond aggregate economic growth. "Knowledge-Based Urban Development" covers the theoretical, thematic, and country-specific issues of knowledge cities to underline the growing importance of KBUD all around the world, providing academics, researchers, and practitioners with substantive research on the decisive lineaments of urban development for knowledge-based production (drawing attention to new planning processes to foster such development), and worldwide best practices and case studies in the field of urban development.


Summary The Archaean high-grade gneiss terrain of eastern Hebei Province, N.E. China, is unusual in that it contains abundant banded iron-formations at amphibolite or granulite facies. The Archaean terrain is divisible into three: an area between Taipingzhai and Malanyu comprising granulite-facies tonalitic gneisses formed about 2.5 Ga (the Qianxi Gneisses); farther south is an amphibolite-granulite-facies terrain consisting of enclaves of iron-formations and metasediments (Shuichang supracrustal association) within orthogneisses (Qianan Gneisses) which are in general more potassic; in the extreme south of the Archaean outcrop the oldest rocks, the Caozhuang group (c. 3.5 Ga in age) consist of a series of amphibolites, iron-formations and metasediments enclosed within granodioritic and granitic gneisses. The Qianan Gneisses comprise 'charnockites' of c. 2.7 Ga age, tonalitic to granodioritic gneisses and a variety of highly deformed granodioritic and granitic gneisses of uncertain age. P-T conditions range from 7–8 kb and c. 700°C in the north near Taipingzhai to 5–6.5 kb and 650–750°C near Shuichang and 4.5–6.0 kb and 600–650°C in the southernmost area. Thus deeper crustal levels are exposed in the north, but it is not known whether the transition is gradual or whether different crustal levels have been brought together by thrusting or by vertical movements along shear zones.


The use of herbal plants as food additives in animal nutrition to enhance meat processing efficiency and meat quality has been reviewed. Today, the consumer demand is safety, nutritive value, taste, uniformity, meat variety and good appearance of meat products. Thus, to meet the consumers' demand, development of product and research should be improved. Studies have been shown that the use of herbs, spices, and their extracts are of the major interventions, which were adopted in the industry of the meat for improving its quality traits. In the present paper, the most recent literature about use of bioactive compounds in herbal plants for evaluating a number of parameters related to meat quality, including fat content and distribution, water content, water holding capacity, collagen content, pH, tenderness color, Lipid oxidation and flavor were reviewed.


The Euler-Korreweg model results from a modification of the standard Euler equations governing the motion of compressible inviscid fluids through the adjunction of the Korteweg stress tensor, which takes into account capillarity effects in regions where the density experiences large variations, typically across interfaces for fluids exhibiting phase changes. One of the main difficulties in the analysis of the Cauchy problem for this model, a third order system of conservation laws, is the absence of dissipative regularization, since viscosity is neglected. The Cauchy problem for isothermal fluids in one space dimension has been addressed by the authors in an earlier paper, using Lagrangian coordinates. Here the Cauchy problem is investigated in arbitrary space dimension N, still for isothermal fluids, and a variable capillarity coefficient. A local well-posedness result is obtained in Sobolev spaces as though the density gradient and the velocity field were solutions of a symmetrizable hyperbolic system. More precisely, well-posedness is shown for Hs+1 x H-s (s > N/2 + 1) perturbations of smooth global solutions, either constant states or traveling profiles. In addition, almost-global existence is proved for small enough perturbations, and a blow-up criterion is shown. Proofs rely on a suitable extended formulation of the system, which turns out to amount to a nonlinear degenerate Schrodinger equation coupled with a transport equation, and on a priori estimates without loss of derivatives for the extended system, which necessitate various 'gauge' functions to cancel out bad commutators.


We propose an on-current (above threshold voltage) model of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs). The model includes the study of the effect of trap state density, poly-Si inversion layer thickness and temperature on the TFT characteristics. Effective carrier mobility and I-V characteristics are described by considering the mechanism of capture and release of carriers at grain boundary trap states and the thermionic emission theory. It is found that at low as well as at high doping concentrations, the effective carrier mobility (µeff) increases with increasing temperature whereas a dip is observed at intermediate doping concentration. At very high and very low doping concentration the effect of temperature on the mobility is found to be almost negligible. Calculations reveal that effective carrier mobility and drain current increase as the gate bias increases and are larger for a lower trap state density. The calculated value of activation energy decreases as the gate bias increases and is larger for a larger poly-Si inversion layer thickness. A comparison between the present predictions and the experimental results shows reasonably good agreement.


This study compared the Spanish (Castilian) and French versions of the 16PF5 and of the NEO-PI-R in Spanish and Swiss samples. The five-factor solution for the 16PF5 only seems clear for the Castilian version, but not for the French version. Indeed, the congruence coefficients for the Tough-Mindedness and the Self-Control dimensions are low. On the other hand, the five-factor solutions are highly similar for both countries concerning the NEO-PI-R, and the congruence coefficients are above .95 for all five dimensions. The low cross-cultural replicability for the 16PF5 makes it difficult to analyze the differences at the mean level for this inventory. For the NEO-PI-R, the differences are generally very small and globally account for 2.6% of the total variance. Spaniards seem to have slightly lower scores on Actions and slightly higher scores on Dutifulness. These differ- ences could either be due to translation problems, sample selection, or cultural differences.


This paper provides information on possibilities to reduce air pollution by preventive cleaner production techniques, which bring double benefit: improvement of environmental performance and enhancement of competitiveness at the same time. Air protection is considered to be investment needing however, we would like to show that there can be also non investment measures find providing significant reduction of air emissions and economic savings. These possibilities are illustrated on the example of Czech pharmaceutical enterprise VUAB. Background information on demonstration project is given, main cleaner production measures and their effects described and some observations are given in conclusions.


Migrational behavior of anchoveta ( Engraulis ringens ) in the Northern Humboldt Current System between September 2019 and September 2020 is analyzed. Acoustic, biological, and oceanographic data and information from the several research cruises carried out by the Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) during this period were considered. The results showed the presence of transitory warm oceanographic events that induced the anchoveta population to make horizontal and vertical migrations in their search for cold conditions, the adult specimens (bigger than 12 cm of total length) retracted near the bottom of the platform being inaccessible to the fishing fleet; after the normalization of environmental conditions, their abundance was accessible to the fishing fleet. Therefore, the fishing activity in the second season of anchoveta fishing in 2019 had a negative impact due to the joint action of environmental events and events of a biological nature (entry of strong recruitment and migration). The anchoveta was preferably found in cold coastal waters that varied in the seasons. In the spring of 2019, it was found in temperatures lower than 22.1°C, in the summer of 2020 at temperatures lower than 23.1°C, and in the winter of 2020 at temperatures lower than 17.2°C; as for, salinity was always found in values lower than 35.2. The strategy of the migratory behavior of the anchoveta concerning its habitat in this period has allowed it to remain in its abundance in the Humboldt Current System, which added to adequate fishing management will allow it to maintain its sustainability.


: This article explores the nursing management techniques for this common invasive treatment. It relates to UKCC Professional Development categories: Educational development and Reducing Risk.


Numerous works are proposed to improve or evaluate the capabilities of Large language models (LLMs) to fulfill user instructions. However, they neglect the possibility that user inputs may inherently contain incorrect information due to users' false beliefs or malicious intents. In this way, blindly adhering to users' false content will cause deception and harm. To address this problem, we propose a challenging benchmark consisting of Inductive Instructions (INDust) to evaluate whether LLMs could resist these instructions. The INDust includes 15K instructions across three categories: Fact-Checking Instructions, Questions based on False Premises, and Creative Instructions based on False Premises. Our experiments on several strong LLMs reveal that current LLMs can be easily deceived by INDust into generating misleading and malicious statements. Hence we employ Self-Critique prompting to encourage LLMs to not only critique themselves like in previous works but also the users, which show remarkable improvement in handling inductive instructions under both zero-shot and few-shot settings.


With the growing influence of digital applications in building maintenance, and the considerable pressures on NHS budgets, the Building Engineering Services Association (BESA), examines some of the latest digital advances, and the potential cost savings for the health sector by harnessing them. One key focus is the SFG20 maintenance standard owned and maintained by the Association -'the UK's leading professional body for building and engineering services contractors' -which is about to be expanded again 'to provide comprehensive support for healthcare facilities by incorporating a Healthcare Functional Set developed in collaboration with IHEEM'. The new 'module' will be launched at this month's Healthcare Estates event.


Case–control Study of SUDEP Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW Neurology 2005;64:1131–1133 Purpose To examine the influence of various factors on the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods The authors investigated 154 cases in which a postmortem examination was performed. Each case had four controls with epilepsy from the community, matched for age and geographic location. Backward stepwise conditional logistic regression analysis was performed, and odds ratios for risk and protection were determined. Results The risk of SUDEP was increased with a history of generalized tonic–clonic seizures in the previous 3 months (odds ratio [OR]: 13.8; 95% CI: 6.6 to 29.1). The presence of supervision at night was found to be protective (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8) when a supervising individual shared the same bedroom or when special precautions such as a listening device were used (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.0 to 0.3). Conclusions This work lends support to the view that SUDEP is a seizure-related phenomenon and that control of tonic–clonic seizures is important in its prevention. Nocturnal supervision seems to protect against SUDEP.


OBJECTIVE
To assess a new deep learning-based MR reconstruction method, "DLRecon," for clinical evaluation of peripheral nerves.

METHODS
Sixty peripheral nerves were prospectively evaluated in 29 patients (mean age: 49 ± 16 years, 17 female) undergoing standard-of-care (SOC) MR neurography for clinically suspected neuropathy. SOC-MRIs and DLRecon-MRIs were obtained through conventional and DLRecon reconstruction methods, respectively. Two radiologists randomly evaluated blinded images for outer epineurium conspicuity, fascicular architecture visualization, pulsation artifact, ghosting artifact, and bulk motion.

RESULTS
DLRecon-MRIs were likely to score better than SOC-MRIs for outer epineurium conspicuity (OR = 1.9, p = 0.007) and visualization of fascicular architecture (OR = 1.8, p < 0.001) and were likely to score worse for ghosting (OR = 2.8, p = 0.004) and pulsation artifacts (OR = 1.6, p = 0.004). There was substantial to almost-perfect inter-reconstruction method agreement (AC = 0.73-1.00) and fair to almost-perfect interrater agreement (AC = 0.34-0.86) for all features evaluated. DLRecon-MRI had improved interrater agreement for outer epineurium conspicuity (AC = 0.71, substantial agreement) compared to SOC-MRIs (AC = 0.34, fair agreement). In >80% of images, the radiologist correctly identified an image as SOC- or DLRecon-MRI.

DISCUSSION
Outer epineurium and fascicular architecture conspicuity, two key morphological features critical to evaluating a nerve injury, were improved in DLRecon-MRIs compared to SOC-MRIs. Although pulsation and ghosting artifacts increased in DLRecon images, image interpretation was unaffected.


While the so-called Rodney King video of a black man being beaten by a number of white policemen taken by a man named George Holliday on 3 March 1991 has been broadcast world-wide via CNN, the sound-track of that recording has attracted a much lesser degree of attention. This may in part be due to the fact that the quality of the sound-track is adversely affected by noise generated by a police helicopter. This case report focuses on different aspects of forensic phonetic work: enhancement of audio records of disputed utterances, and the examination of specific types of background noise.


Professor Roentgen presented the roentgen ray in 1895. The subsequent history of radiology is characterized not by steady, but by stepwise advancement. Each new innovation produced a forward surge followed by a period of refinement in which the new method was developed and exploited to the very limits of its diagnostic yield.


This paper describe how permeable pavement effects day time and night time thermal environment during summer in subtropical Taiwan. The experiment was carried out on one type of conventional pavement (dense grade asphalt concrete/DGAC) and three types of permeable pavements (permeable asphalt pavement/PAC, concrete, grass block/ GB, and permeable interlocking concrete block/PICB) used 2012 data on summer time (June-September). The result shows that there were surface temperature differencesamong the four types of pavement, particularly during at noon. The use ofpermeable asphalt pavement decreasesthe temperature up to 0.571°C, and up to 10.042°C, and 8.402°C when using GB and PICB, respectively.During the night, there was no difference between DGAC and PAC, while the GB and PICB decreased up to 6.265°C and 5.521°C, respectively.The result also shows that pavement surface temperature affects outdoor and indoor temperature particularly on the 1 st and 2 nd floor.


In this review recent publications are cited for a number of antimutagens. The molecules surveyed are potential or proven "desmutagens" or "interceptors." These are biologically prevalent or synthetic molecules that are most often small metabolites proficient in binding to, or reacting with, mutagenic chemicals and free radicals. Many of this class of "blocking agents" are "soft" and "hard" nucleophiles with consequently varying abilities to react with particular classes of electrophiles, the major classes of direct‐acting mutagens. Although they serve as a first line of defense against mutagens and carcinogens, many interceptor molecules are under‐investigated with regard to their spectra of activity and their possible relevance to prophylaxis or treatment of human disease states.


We study products of random isometries acting on Euclidean space. Building on previous work of the second author, we prove a local limit theorem for balls of shrinking radius with exponential speed under the assumption that a Markov operator associated to the rotation component of the isometries has spectral gap. We also prove that certain self-similar measures are absolutely continuous with smooth densities. These families of self-similar measures give higher dimensional analogues of Bernoulli convolutions on which absolute continuity can be established for contraction ratios in an open set.


Monolithic fuel is a candidate fuel form that is being considered for the conversion of high-performance research reactors. This plate-type fuel consists of a high-density, U-Mo fuel in a monolithic form that is sandwiched between zirconium diffusion barriers and encapsulated in an aluminum cladding. To date, many plates were irradiated with a satisfactory irradiation performance, demonstrating that the conceptual design works. The program is now moving to the qualification phase, a predecessor to the timely conversion of the target reactors. To qualify this fuel system, the program must show that the fuel plates have predictable behavior, meet the safety standards, and perform well in reactors. The requirement of a satisfactory irradiation performance under normal operating conditions is primarily demonstrated by a successful testing. To demonstrate that the fuel system has a predictable behavior, the several key material properties should be quantified accurately since these properties are needed to estimate the thermal and mechanical behavior of the fuel system. Although, there is a large set of thermophysical property data available for unirradiated material, the property data for irradiated fuel is scarce. Since irradiation causes drastic effects in material, a significant change in material properties occurs. Consequently, using representative degradation models becomes essential for accurate performance assessments. This work examines thermal conductivity of U-10Mo, by evaluating recent experimental data from the literature and available theoretical models. The study has discovered inconsistencies in the literature data, revealing that previously developed theoretical models fail to predict the thermal conductivity of irradiated fuel.


Studies have shown that design of double-layered grids based on classical theories may lead to unsafe design. For square-on-diagonal grids, the load carrying capacity is almost the same as the buckling load. Therefore the buckling load can be used as the critical load in the design. In this study, the non-linear behavior of the grids is considered using shell analogies to determine the critical load. By applying the theorem of study and energy to a dimple, an empirical formula to predict the buckling load of thin spherical shells was derived. Then using finite element modeling, post-buckling load was identified and used to calculate the value of constant C. It is observed that the buckling load is proportional to t, which gives a critical load close to what is observed in experiments and a more realistic load as compared to the Classical theory prediction. Loaddeflection curves drawn for the grids and their equivalent continuum shells correlate closely showing that the findings are valid.


effects The primary consequence of positive selection is to render thymocytes responsive to cytokines and chemokines expressed in the thymic medulla. In the present study, our main objective was to discover which cytokines could support the differentiation of positively selected thymocytes. To this end, we have developed an in vitro model suitable for high-throughput analyses of positive selection and CD8 T-cell differentiation. The model involves coculture of TCR hi CD5 int CD69 (cid:2) double-positive (DP) thymo-cyteswithpeptide-pulsedOP9cellsand (cid:1) c-cytokines.WereportthatIL-4,IL-7,andIL-21have nonredundant effects on positively selected DP thymocytes. IL-7 signaling phosphorylates STAT5 and ERK; induces Foxo1 , Klf2 , and S1pr1 ; and supports the differentiation of classic CD8 T cells. IL-4 activates STAT6 and ERK and supports the differentiation of CD8 int PD-L1 hi CD44 hi EOMES (cid:3) innate CD8 T cells. IL-21 is produced by thymic epithelial cells and the IL-21 receptor- (cid:4) is strongly induced on DP thymocytes undergoing positive selection. IL-21 signaling phosphorylates STAT3 and STAT5, but not ERK, and does not support CD8 T-cell differentiation. However, IL-21 has a unique ability to up-regulate BCL-6, expand DP thymocytes undergoing positive selection, and increase the production of mature T cells. Our data suggest that injection of recombinant IL-21 might enhance thymic output in subjects with age- or disease-related thymic atrophy. ( Blood . 2013;121(1):107-117)


Organometallic complexes formed by transition metals clusters and benzene molecules have already been synthesized, and in selected cases display magnetic properties controlled by external magnetic fields. We have studied Ni$_n$Bz$_n$ complexes made of nickel atoms surrounded by benzene molecules and here we focus specifically on the magnetic molecule Ni$_{3}$Bz$_{3}$. By means of calculations including relativistic spin-orbit terms, we show that this molecule reveals a large magnetic anisotropy energy of approximately 8 meV, found with the easy axis perpendicular to the metal atoms plane. Note that the matching bare Ni$_{3}$ cluster have similar magnetic anisotropy, however the easy axis is in-plane. Covering with benzene molecules is thus switching the easy axis from in-plane for Ni$_3$ to out-of-plane for Ni$_{3}$Bz$_{3}$. The large out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy of Ni$_{3}$Bz$_{3}$ suggests that this molecule could indeed be used as part in the design of molecular magnetic memories.


Waste delivered to the Marszów Plant was tested in order to research the effect of seasonal fluctuations on the quantity and composition of generated municipal waste and on the quantity and composition of selectively collected waste. Waste samples were collected once a month from November 2019 to October 2020. The results of the analysis showed that the quantity and composition of municipal waste generated during a week are different in terms of the subsequent months of the year. The quantity of generated municipal waste per capita per week ranges from 5.75 to 7.41 kg (cap·wk)−1, on average 6.68 kg (cap·wk)−1. The maximum values of the weekly indicators for generating the main material components of waste per capita were higher than the minimum by several up to more than 10 times (textiles). The total quantity of selectively collected paper, glass and plastics increased significantly during the conducted research at a rate of approx. 5% per month. The level of recovery concerning this waste over the period between November 2019 and February 2020 averaged at 29.1%, and between April and October 2020 it was nearly 10% higher (39.0%). The material composition of selectively collected waste in subsequent measurement series often differed. It is difficult to link the observed changes concerning the quantity and composition of the analysed waste streams with the seasons of the year, although weather conditions undoubtedly impact the consumption and functioning models of people, thus impacting the size of waste streams.


After the introduction of the Internet and several social media platforms, advertisers use narrative advertisement to influence potential consumers. However, consumers are becoming more vocal and critical and with the easy accessibility of the Internet, and engage in online discussions that can potentially influence the attitude towards a brand or product and the intention to purchase. Through product reviewing on YouTube, consumers can share and express their opinion regarding a specific brand or product with other consumers. Advertisers are now collaborating with these reviewers through sponsorship deals in order to talk about their brand, and thus advertise and promote them. Via comments with different sentiments on YouTube, users can discuss and express their opinion and emotion towards the associated brand which is being talked about in the video. This research sets out to investigate the potential influence these user comments underneath a video on YouTube has on the brand and product that is being reviewed by a consumer. The research is guided by the following research question: How and to what extent do the sentiment of own and others' YouTube comments and review type influence brand attitude and purchase intention of products featured in a review video on YouTube? A quantitative research method was conducted, using a survey to retrieve data from the participants in order to analyse and help answer the research question. The experiment consisted of a (paid) product review video and linked this to user comments, which were chosen after performing a sentiment analysis, potentially influencing the brand attitude and purchase intention of the participant. This classical experimental design consisted of ten separate conditions and retrieved 412 completed surveys. According to the analysis of the findings, the sentiment of chosen comments on YouTube influences brand attitude positively. Subsequently, brand attitude has a positive relation with purchase intention. Conversely, reading comments that other users have written do not influence any behaviour towards commenting or attitude towards a brand. Also, a narrative advertising strategy used into product reviewing on YouTube is not of importance in the end. This study recommends similar researching for distinct products, while focusing on target groups, even outside the social media platform of YouTube.


Significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing both the performance and long-term stability of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to promote their practical application. In this context, a self-assembled monolayer composed of a dye molecule is demonstrated for the first time to be efficient in passivating the surface of the hole transport layer, NiO x, in the p-i-n PSCs through multiple functions, including the minimization of energy-level offset, reducing surface trap states, and enhancing wetting between NiO x and perovskite layers coupled with increasing perovskite crystallinity. Consequently, the dye monolayer has sufficiently improved the hole extraction efficiency and suppressed the charge recombination, validated by steady and transient photoluminescence measurements and the electrochemical impedance analysis. Concurrently, a mixed layer of BaSnO3 nanoparticles and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl (PCBM) (barium stannate (BSO)/PCBM) was exploited as an efficient electron transport layer, resulting in superior electron transport properties and correspondingly excellent device stability. By incorporating these bifacial modifications, the device performance of the inverted PSC was propelled to 16.2%, compared with 14.0% for that without any interfacial and compositional engineering. Benefiting from the excellent crystallinity of the perovskite through dye passivation and the blocking of moisture, oxygen, and ion migration by using the hybrid BSO/PCBM layer, over 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency has been preserved for the device after exposure to ambient air for 650 h.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor currently treated with a combination of surgery, radiation, and non-specific chemotherapy, posing a significant threat to the developing child. Genomics has illuminated the extensive intertumoral heterogeneity of medulloblastoma and identified four distinct molecular subgroups. Group 3 and Group 4 subgroup medulloblastomas account for the majority of pediatric cases, yet, oncogenic drivers for these subtypes remain poorly understood. Here we report a series of prevalent, highly disparate genomic structural rearrangements, restricted to Groups 3 and 4, resulting in specific and mutually exclusive activation of the growth factor independent 1 family proto- oncogenes, GFI1 & GFI1B. Diverse mechanisms of structural variation activate GFI1/GFI1B expression through relocation of their coding sequences to genomic regions of transcriptionally active chromatin. Moreover, Gfi1 and Gfi1b each cooperate with Myc, an important oncogene in Group 3 medulloblastomas, to drive tumor initiation in mice. These data reveal GFI1 and GFI1B as novel medulloblastoma oncogenes, warranting their prioritization for molecularly targeted therapy of a marked proportion of Group 3 and Group 4 patients.

Citation Format: Catherine Lee, Paul A. Northcott, Thomas Zichner, Peter Lichter, Jan O. Korbel, Stefan M. Pfister, Robert J. Wechsler-Reya. Structural variants shuffle chromatin to activate GFI1 family oncogenes in medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-203. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-203


ABSTRACT
Objective: To assess awareness and knowledge regarding club foot in parents of children with clubfoot.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dow University hospital among 105 parents of children who have club foot and were either under treatment or at the completion of treatment. Using a well-designed questionnaire face-to-face interview of the parents was done. Research team members themselves got the questionnaires filled
Results: 113 parents participated in the study. Out of them 86(72.3%) knew that what is clubfoot, 46(38.7%) replied that they don't know what actually the clubfoot is. Regarding use of Internet for medical problems, 80 (67.2%) replied that they don't use Internet whereas only 30(67.2%) uses Internet for information regarding health issues. When the parents were asked that how they came to know that club foot is treatable and by whom they were referred to our center, 74(62.2%) were referred by the parents, 25(21.0%) by gynecologist, 9(7.6%) and 5(4.2%) by paramedical staff and health workers when the respondents were asked regarding any information through television and newspaper 105(88.2%) replied that they don't get any information whereas only 8 (6.7%) replied positively. Only 2(3%) respondents said that they have attended seminar regarding clubfoot whereas 111(97%) said they have never attended the same. 92(77.3%) respondents said that they didn't get any information regarding clubfoot by any health workers whereas only 20(16.8%)got information from public health workers.
Conclusion: Clubfoot is a common congenital foot anomaly but due to lack of awareness it has been neglected resulting in a lifelong disability. It is a need of hour that awareness regarding club foot should be increased and health care providers should make good communication with parents so that they could understand what is the problem, how it will be managed and how long to keep in follow up in order to avoid recurrence.


This study presents basic information on the mechanical properties and long-term deformations of high-strength steel fiber rein-forced concrete(HSFRC). The Influence of steel fiber on modulus of elasticity, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength, and drying shrinkage and creep of HSFRC are investigated, and flexural fracture toughness is evaluated. Test results show that Test results show that the effect of steel fibers on the compressive strength is negligible, and the modulus of elasticity of HSFRC increased with the increase of fiber volume fraction. And the effect of fiber volume fraction(V f ) and aspect ratio(l f /d f ) on tensile strength, flexural strength and toughness is extremely prominent. It is observed that the flexural deflection corresponded to ultimate load increased with the increase of V f and l f /d f , and due to fiber arresting cracking, the shape of the descending branch of load-deflection tends towards gently. Also, the effect of addition of various amounts of fiber on the creep and shrinkage is obvious. Especially, the effect of adding fibers to high-strength concrete is more pronounced in reducing the drying shrinkage than the creep.


more crffective rnethod is searched as a unti-corrosion treatment of this atlcy, ln this study, it is dcveloping the technique covered ±o Magnesium altoy material, using aluminum material as surface tunic material in order to prevent the corresien of a magnesium alloy. The dothing Qf the Magnesium maberial is carried eut by diffusio" bonding with aluminum, and further. the wurk processing of the superplastic deformation is used and carried eut in orcler to raise bonding intenslty. The bonding intenslty of the manufactured composite material has impreved rather than what carried out selid state bonding.


Arteriovenous (AV) shunt vessels connect arterioles directly to the venous side. These vessels play a role in thermoregulation and in the pathophysiology of migraine. Tracer microspheres are excellent tools to study drug effects on AV anastomoses. Microspheres with a diameter of 15 microns are unable to pass through capillary vessels, but they readily cross AV shunt vessels and are transported to the lungs and trapped there. We investigated the effects of antihypertensive agents on AV shunt flow in anaesthetized rabbits and we also measured nutritional blood flow in the ear, an organ known to have both nutritional and AV shunt vessels. Nitroprusside sodium tended to increase and prazosin strongly increased AV shunt flow. The calcium antagonist isradipine, by contrast, decreased AV shunt flow even though it is also a vasodilator. Spirapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, elicited similar effects. The centrally acting antihypertensive agent guanfacine strongly decreased AV shunt flow. These effects did not correlate with the drug effects on nutritional blood flow, which were, however, so variable that none of them reached statistical significance. The following trends were seen: nitroprusside sodium, isradipine, and guanfacine increased nutritional blood flow, but prazosin, a dilator of AV shunts, did not. The amount of blood crossing through AV shunts from the arterial to the venous side is considerable (up to 15% of cardiac output before drugs). A drug-induced increase is not associated with an apparent benefit but causes a hyperdynamic circulation that might contribute to the hemodynamic load of the heart.


This thesis is analysis-based survey in which our task was to find out the suitability of IEEE 802.15.4 for the RFID systems in terms of power. We studied the different RFID systems. We analyzed the IEEE 802.15.4 to see how much this protocol can facilitate the RFID application, but we just considered the 2.4 GHz physical band as Free2move uses this band for its RFID products. Since semi-passive1 RFIDs are the closest competitors of the active RFID, so we also compared the IEEE 802.15.4 with ISO 18000-4 (mode2) to find out their pros and cons. We also tried to evaluate the hardware architecture proposed by Free2move. We compared proposed hardware components with other competitors available in the market. The main point of focus during hardware evaluation remained its power efficiency. As concluding part we have proposed an idea for using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in semi- passive RFIDs.


Fibrinolysis is an important hemostatic process initiated either by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or pro-urokinase (pro-UK) released from endothelial cells. These agents act preferentially on plasminogen by converting it to the active molecule plasmin. This initiates the clot lysis process, which may take several days for completion. Most patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have PTFE grafts for chronic hemodialysis. When these grafts are thrombosed, they are either surgically revised or percutaneously thrombolysed. When these measures fail another access is created without removing the clotted graft. However, it is possible that de-clotting of these thrombosed PTFE grafts can occur spontaneously. Once the graft develops an endothelial lining, these cells can contribute to the fibrinolytic process by secreting tPA or pro-UK. Because this endothelial lining may be less developed than that of a normal vessel, the fibrinolytic process may occur at a slower rate or not at all. Frequent cannulation during hemodialysis can denude existing endothelium, further contributing to the inadequacy of the graft to initiate thrombolysis. In practice, once the PTFE is clotted, the graft is ignored if it is not considered for declotting. In such circumstances the re-canalization process could be overlooked, resulting in the unnecessary placement of additional accesses. Presented here are three patients with clotted grafts in which re-canalization occurred without intervention.


Background Vitamin C (Vc) has been found to promote corneal wound healing after alkali burns. However, the specific mechanism and functional modes are still unclear. The present study sought to assess the mechanisms of Vc function on corneal alkali burns. Methods Eighty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: a normal group without alkali injury (n = 10), an alkali injury group without any treatment (1-day group, n = 10), a Vc group treated with topical 10% Vc (Vc group, n = 30), and a control group treated with topical sterile water (control group, n = 30). Except in the blank control group, the alkali injuries were induced in one eye of each mouse. The mice in the treatment group were given Vc by topical application (q 1 h for 6 days), while those in the control group were given topical sterile water. The clinical evaluations, including corneal fluorescent staining, corneal opacity, and neovascularization, were assessed on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 using slit-lamp microscopy. Ten mice at each time point were sacrificed. The protein expressions in the corneas of p63, PCNA, CK3, MPO, CD31, and α-SMA were detected by immunohistochemistry to examine the corneal epithelial stem cells, corneal epithelium wound healing, corneal stroma inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrosis. Results The scores of the corneal epithelium defects, corneal neovascularization, and corneal opacities in the Vc group were significantly decreased compared to the control group on day 10. We found that Vc promoted the activation of the corneal epithelial stem cells as shown by a higher number of p63-positive and PCNA-positive cells and an increased CK3 expression when compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The central corneal re-epithelialization was completed by day 10. Moreover, Vc inhibited MPO, CD31, and α-SMA expressions. These results first indicated that the frequent use of topical Vc in the first 6 days of corneal alkali burns alleviated corneal inflammatory cell infiltration, activated corneal epithelial stem cell activity, and reduced corneal neovascularization and fibrosis within 10 days. Conclusions The study, therefore, showed the therapeutic benefits of Vc on corneal alkali burns and provided new insight into the mechanisms of Vc regulation on corneal wound healing.


The GraphBLAS community has demonstrated the power of linear algebra-leveraged graph algorithms, such as matrix-vector products for breadth-first search (BFS) traversals. This paper investigates the algebraic conditions needed for such computations when working with directed hypergraphs, represented by incidence arrays with entries from an arbitrary value set with binary addition and multiplication operations. Our results show the one-step BFS traversal is equivalent to requiring specific algebraic properties of those operations. Assuming identity elements 0, 1 for operations, we show that the two operations must be zero-sum-free, zero-divisor-free, and 0 must be an annihilator under multiplication. Additionally, associativity and commutativity are shown to be necessary and sufficient for independence of the one-step BFS computation from several arbitrary conventions. These results aid in application and algorithm development by determining the efficacy of a value set in computations.


Amalgam cores with cemented dowels are commonly used to restore endodontically treated teeth. These restorations were widely studied for their mechanical properties; however, less is known about their sealing ability. The effect of the cement type used for the dowel and that of a bonding agent application were studied in a radioactive tracer coronal leakage study. The sealing ability of posts and cores was also compared with that of 5 mm remaining root canal fillings. Composite luting cement provided a better seal than zinc phosphate cement. The seal provided by 5 mm root canal fillings was poorer than that provided by posts and cores. High variability in seal quality was found among all types of posts and cores studied. This may indicate that the seal provided by cemented dowels with amalgam cores is unpredictable. Because neither the remaining root canal filling nor the post and core may be trusted alone for a seal, each should be performed with the greatest care and both covered with a crown as soon as possible.


An overview of the history of projective representations (= spin representations) of groups, preceded by the prehistory of studies on the theory of quaternion due to Rodrigues and Hamilton. Beginning with Schur, we cover many mathematicians until today, and also physicists Pauli and Dirac.


The properties of binary H2 + CH4 clathrate hydrates have been estimated using the extended van der Waals and Platteeuw statistical thermodynamic model that takes into account the lattice relaxation, host-guest, and guest-guest interactions as well as the quantum nature of guest behavior in the clathrate cavities. It has been found that at a small methane concentration in the gas phase the stable hydrate phase has cubic structure II (CS-II) and at a methane concentration of 6% stabilizes cubic structure I, which is metastable in the case of the pure hydrogen hydrate. This is in agreement with recent experimental data. The amount of hydrogen storage depends on the methane concentration in the gas phase as well as the thermodynamic conditions of hydrate formation. Hydrogen storage up to 2.6 wt. % can be achieved in the binary H2 + CH4 CS-II hydrate at T = 250 K.


The House of Our Ancestors is a study of the Mountain Balinese or Bali Aga, an ethnic group with a distinct history and culture who are thought to be the indigenous people of Bali, Indonesia. In popular ideas of Balinese identity, the highland people feature as the conceptual counterpart to the royal houses established in the southern lowlands of the island. Hidden in shadow of this courtly culture, the world of the highland Balinese has been largely ignored even though Bali counts among the most researched localities in the world. This book explores their social organization and status economy from the perspective of an innovative theory of 'precedence'. Regional domains, villages and origin houses among the Bali Aga are all conceived and ranked in reference to the basic ideas of a sacred origin in the past, and of an order of precedence connecting the past with the present. The analysis of precedence ranking, evident at all levels of Bali Aga social organization, leads to the development of a new theory of status for Austronesian societies that departs radically from the notion of hierarchy as proposed by Louis Dumont in his classic study of the Indian caste system.


Background Requirements on tissue fixatives are getting more demanding as molecular analysis becomes increasingly relevant for routine diagnostics. Buffered formaldehyde in pathology laboratories for tissue fixation is known to cause chemical modifications of biomolecules which affect molecular testing. A novel non-crosslinking tissue preservation technology, PAXgene Tissue (PAXgene), was developed to preserve the integrity of nucleic acids in a comparable way to cryopreservation and also to preserve morphological features comparable to those of formalin fixed samples. Methods Because of the excellent preservation of biomolecules by PAXgene we investigated its pathogen inactivation ability and biosafety in comparison to formalin by in-vitro testing of bacteria, human relevant fungi and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). Guidelines for testing disinfectants served as reference for inactivation assays. Furthermore, we tested the properties of PAXgene for detection of pathogens by PCR based assays. Results All microorganisms tested were similarly inactivated by PAXgene and formalin except Clostridium sporogenes, which remained viable in seven out of ten assays after PAXgene treatment and in three out of ten assays after formalin fixation. The findings suggest that similar biosafety measures can be applied for PAXgene and formalin fixed samples. Detection of pathogens in PCR-based diagnostics using two CMV assays resulted in a reduction of four to ten quantification cycles of PAXgene treated samples which is a remarkable increase of sensitivity. Conclusion PAXgene fixation might be superior to formalin fixation when molecular diagnostics and highly sensitive detection of pathogens is required in parallel to morphology assessment.


Inherent human limitations in teaming environments coupled with complex planning problems spur the in-tegration of intelligent decision support (IDS) systems for human-agent planning. However, prior research in human-agent planning has been limited to dyadic inter- action between a single human and a single planning agent. In this paper, we highlight an emerging research area of IDS for human team planning , i.e. environments where the agent works with a team of human planners to enhance the quality of their plans and the ease of making them. We review prior works in human-agent planning and identify research challenges for an agent participating in human team planning.


Background Epistatic interactions among genomic loci are expected to explain a large fraction of the heritability of complex diseases and phenotypic traits of living organisms. Although epistasis detection methods are continually being developed, the current state of the art is exhaustive search methods, which become infeasible when the number of analyzed loci is large. Results We develop a novel latent interaction-based selection method for polymorphic loci as the first stage of a two-stage epistasis detection approach. Given a continuous phenotype and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), we rank the SNPs according to their interaction potential. When tested on simulated datasets and compared to standard marginal association and exhaustive search methods, our procedure significantly outperforms main-effect heuristics, especially in the presence of linkage disequilibrium (LD), which is explicitly accounted for in our model. Applied to real human genotype data, we prioritized several SNP pairs as candidates for epistatic interactions that influence human working memory performance, some of which are known to be connected to this phenotype. Conclusions The proposed method improves two-stage epistasis detection. Its linear runtime and increased statistical power contribute to reducing the computational complexity and to addressing some of the statistical challenges associated with the genome-wide search for epistatic loci.


Providing a vital resource in tune with the massive advancements in accelerator technologies that have taken place over the past 50 years, Accelerator Radiation Physics for Personnel and Environmental Protection is a comprehensive reference for accelerator designers, operators, managers, health and safety staff, and governmental regulators.

Up-to-date with the latest developments in the field, it allows readers to effectively work together to ensure radiation safety for workers, to protect the environment, and adhere to all applicable standards and regulations.

This book will also be of interest to graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics and engineering who are studying accelerator physics.

Features:

Explores accelerator radiation physics and the latest results and research in a comprehensive single volume, fulfilling a need in the market for an up-to-date book on this topic
Contains problems designed to enhance learning
Addresses undergraduates with a background in math and/or science


We study the effects and implications of anisotropies at the scale of galaxy clusters by building an exact general relativistic model of a cluster using the inhomogeneous and anisotropic Szekeres metric. The model is built from a modified Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) density profile. We compare this to a corresponding spherically symmetric structure in the Lemaȋtre-Tolman (LT) model and quantify the impact of introducing varying levels of anisotropy. We examine two physical measures of gravitational infall — the growth rate of density and the velocity of the source dust in the model. We introduce a generalization of the LT dust velocity profile for the Szekeres metric and demonstrate its consistency with the growth rate of density. We find that the growth rate of density in one substructure increases by 0.5%, 1.5%, and 3.75% for 5%, 10%, and 15% levels of introduced anisotropy, which is measured as the fractional displaced mass relative to the spherically symmetric case. The infall velocity of the dust is found to increase by 2.5, 10, and 20 km s{sup −1} (0.5%, 2%, and 4.5%), respectively, for the same three levels of anisotropy. This response to the anisotropy in a structure is found to be strongly nonlinear with respectmore » to the strength of anisotropy. These relative velocities correspond to an equivalent increase in the total mass of the spherically symmetric structure of 1%, 3.8%, and 8.4%, indicating that not accounting for the presence of anisotropic mass distributions in cluster models can strongly bias the determination of physical properties like the total mass.« less


The effectiveness of a computer program, CUES, designed to improve adult ESL students' essays was tested both formally and informally. The formal measures carried out in both the experin7eiital and the control groups included: 1) holistic ratings of both groups' pre- and post- intervention essays, and 2) a comparison of pre- and post-intervention thinking-aloud protocol analyses. The informal measures included a questionnaire administered to the students and critical comments about the program garnered from the students' responses in a 500-ivord essay entitled, "Assess the program CUES." This research provides an opportunity for the author to examine critically the research methods used, and to conclude that both formal and informal evaluation measures provide a balanced assessment of CALL software.


The magnetic properties of Gd/Ho superlattices have been investigated using neutron-diffraction techniques. Between and , the magnetic moments in each Gd block order ferromagnetically in the basal plane with the moments in adjacent Gd blocks antiferromagnetically aligned. At temperatures below , the Ho moments order in a basal-plane helix, while the Gd moments remain ferromagnetically aligned in the basal plane with an alignment between adjacent Gd blocks that is dependent on temperature and the Ho-block thickness. The coherence lengths of the magnetic structures in the growth direction range from 350 A to 800 A. Comparisons are made with the results from previous studies of heavy rare-earth superlattices.


Though poker does not inherently discriminate between men and women, the proportion of men in the game is much higher than that of women. The authors describe the female lived experience in poker, including interactional barriers to participation from the moment they step foot in the door, to individual decisions at the table, and through to the time they depart. In-depth qualitative interviews with 13 recreational and professional poker players are used to explore these issues. Strategies women use to overcome the potentially uncomfortable and intimidating environment to persist in poker play are also explored, such as community-building through women-only poker games and adapting to and forming aggressive play strategies. It is suggested that poker be distinguished as a unique example of gender differences in gambling, a complex group interaction that goes beyond the current theory on gendered gambling preferences.


Abstract We study the effect of entitlement on the willingness to lie. We set up a model of lying where individuals feel more or less entitled to their endowment depending on how they earned it. When given the opportunity to lie to keep their endowment, individuals who feel more entitled are encouraged to lie while others are discouraged. To test the model predictions we use a laboratory experiment where we compare the lying behavior of participants endowed with a high endowment and participants endowed with a low endowment. In one treatment, the allocation of the endowment is decided by participants' performance, and in the other, it is determined by a random draw. Our study shows that deservingness influences lying in an intuitive direction: when participants performance determines income, those who earn less money lie less than those who earn more. We do not find differences in lying when participants perform the same task but lie to keep windfall endowments.


Good corporate disclosure is one principle of good corporate governance (GCG). Many of significant business failures over recent years were later shown to be the result of unethical behavior of management. In order to improve the growing concern, there was accountability and governance reform trigerred by Enron and WorldCom case in U.S. which in turn produced Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In the same time, there is also growing concern of GCG implementation. Implementation of GCG will create corporate sustainability and could be measured with corporate disclosure. Investors also take responsibility to push the corporation toward implementation of good corporate governance. Recent study showed that there is inconsistent finding regarding correlation between corporate sustainability and corporate profitability. Other research also stated that culture is significant in implementing GCG in a firm. Our study which employs  EGARCH econometric model, shows that from four Indonesian corporation that received Annual Report Award for three consecutive years, only one corporation show that good corporate disclosure matter to investors in 2008 (with risk factor). Without using risk factor, we find evidence from the same corporation that their good corporate disclosure affected investors in 2007 and 2008; also, good corporate disclosure from one other corporation in 2008 matter to investors. However, as culture is significant in GCG implementation and yet there is still many corruption and bribery case in Indonesia, we can conclude that because of those culture, good corporate disclosure does not really matter for Indonesian investors.

 Key words: Good corporate governance (GCG), good corporate disclosure, accountability reform, governance reform.


The problem of correlation between historical science and State power, between historical fact and historical myth, is analysed in the article on the investigation example of nonsimple ethno-political situation in Northern Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War. The possibility of consigning to oblivion "annoying" historical facts for the sake of momentary political benefit is rejected. The point of the necessity of the synergetic approach to an analysis of any historical phenomena is proved in the article.


Abstract The most common researched area of damage in a composite material such as carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) used currently in aircraft construction is barely visible impact damage (BVID), significantly reducing mechanical properties. Early detection and qualification would improve safety and reduce the cost of repair. In this context, structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques have been developed that could monitor a structure at any time by using a network of sensors. Widely used discrete ceramic transducers can generate and sense Lamb waves travelling in the structure. Wave propagation must then be analysed for effective damage identification. An effective SHM system is desired to meet several demands, such as minimised weight penalty, non-intrusive system not interfering with the structure performance, cost-effectiveness for implementation with targeted sensitivity and area coverage, capability of monitoring non-accessible and critical hot spot regions, robustness, and reliability. This review starts with an introduction on Lamb waves fundamentals and their use in SHM, and then particularly focuses on methods using piezoelectric transducers and mode selection. Some relevant applications on different structural configurations are discussed. Finally, recent developments on piezoelectric coating and direct-write sensor technology for tailored transducers are highlighted with some thoughts for near future research work.


[1] Multiyear climate variations influence North Pacific storm intensity and resultant variations in wave energy levels. The timing of these decadal fluctuations and strong El Nino's have had a strong influence on long-term trends. Here we investigate variations in the North Pacific wave power, PW, determined from WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model significant wave height, Hs, and peak period data forced by NRA-1 winds spanning the 1948–2008 epoch. Over the entire hindcast, upward trends in Hs and PW, especially in winter, are observed over much of the North Pacific, strongly influenced by an apparent storm intensification after the mid-1970s regime shift. Heightened PW is concentrated in particular regions of the basin, and is associated with increased wave activity during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Wave power events, PE, defined as episodes when Hs exceeded the 90th percentile threshold for at least 12 h, exhibit significant upward trends along much of the U.S. Pacific coast during winter months. Importantly, the hindcast exhibits a recent decrease in PW across much of the North Pacific, in contrast to the long-term increase of PW and Hs. This recent decrease is associated with the prevalent PDO cool phase that developed after the late 1990s. Variability and intensification of coastal PW and PE have important practical implications for shoreline and beach erosion, coastal wetlands inundation, storm-surge flooding, and coastal planning. These considerations will become increasingly important as sea level rises.


The British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) survey represents the only resource that brings together detailed information on equipment, workforce and workload from the practice of nuclear medicine in the UK. This article is a report of the most recent BNMS survey which was collected during 2019 and 2020. The survey used two methods to collect data: for equipment and workforce, participants created or updated existing online records; for workload information, respondees were asked to submit 12 months of data from local radiology information systems. Following the survey, the BNMS database contained a total of 191 sites (63% of known sites) having either equipment or workforce data or both. In total 39 centres provided workload data which included over 175 000 examinations. A combination of automated tools and visual inspection were used to clean, sort and validate submitted data into formats that allowed further analysis and extraction of useful parameters. Results are presented that the authors believe may be useful for nuclear medicine professionals and other stakeholders. Potential applications include benchmarking for service review and equipment replacement/updating. The survey represents a valuable resource that might be used by the BNMS secretariat to respond to specific queries from BNMS members.


We develop a generalized block replacement model for a k-out-of-n system and determine the optimum policies of both the threshold level for the number of failed components to prevent system failures and the maintenance cycle that minimizes the expected total system cost. To overcome the existing block replacement policies' drawbacks, i.e., it is rather wasteful if a preventive replacement happens just after a failure replacement, in our developed policy, a replacement service for a failure is provided when there are a threshold number of failed components occurring. We also take into consideration the downtime period of each failed component using the order statistics for lifetime and age distributions for k-out-of-n systems. Several numerical examples are discussed to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology derived in this paper.


Based on current knowledge, biological factors that have been investigated in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) include histology of these lesions, the impact of margin status on local recurrence, and several genetic alterations. Optimal integration of these factors in guiding optimal therapy is of great importance, since the incidence of DCIS is rising as a result of population-based mammographic screening. Mastectomy will almost always cure patients with DCIS but represents overtreatment for many. Less extensive treatment options should combine an optimal cosmetic result with the same safety for outcome of disease as mastectomy. To guide such optimal treatment, histological classification is not sufficient and additional biological factors are being investigated for their ability to predict outcome for individual patients with DCIS. In this review, the histological classification of DCIS is described and in addition the emerging knowledge on genetic alterations is summarised. For clinical management of DCIS patients, genetic or other biological factors should be identified that can predict the risk of progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer and distant metastases. At present, insufficient knowledge on prognostic and predictive factors in DCIS is available. Research in this area is hampered by the difficulties in obtaining DCIS tumour tissue, as the tumour cells grow in the lumen of pre-existing ducts and lobules. As the recurrence rates are relatively low and the most relevant clinical endpoint, distant metastases, is indeed very rare, large numbers of patients (hundreds to a few thousand) need to be studied. Integration of translational studies into clinical trials aimed at optimising the treatment of DCIS are required to achieve this goal.


This paper is concerned by the study of barycenters for random probability measures in the Wasserstein space. Using a duality argument, we give a precise characterization of the population barycenter for various parametric classes of random probability measures with compact support. In particular, we make a connection between averaging in the Wasserstein space as introduced in Agueh and Carlier (2011), and taking the expectation of optimal transport maps with respect to a fixed reference measure. We also discuss the usefulness of this approach in statistics for the analysis of deformable models in signal and image processing. In this setting, the problem of estimating a population barycenter from n independent and identically distributed random probability measures is also considered.


This article describes the impact on social services of an innovative model of family care in Moshi, Tanzania, aimed at orphaned children and youth who are affected by HIV/AIDS and their caregivers. We explore three questions: Is social capital created during the provision of social work services? If so, what aspects of the model are responsible for it? How does this social capital influence the participants' educational/occupational aspirations and vision of the future? This qualitative study is based on a case analysis of eight adolescents and their caregivers. Data were collected from in-depth interviews. The unique aspects of a family-oriented, holistic, social service model focused on empowerment and future orientation-generated bridging, bonding, and linking social capital. Youth with more social capital appeared to have clearer visions of their future path. Implications for community-based social work practice serving marginalized and impoverished groups are presented.


Small molecules targeting the FLT3 kinase with an internal tandem duplication mutation (FLT3-ITD) and the Bruton9s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) have shown great potential to treat hematologic malignancies. However, acquired mutations have emerged in resistant/relapsed patients treated with the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib (Smith et al., 2012) or the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib (Woyach et al., 2017), respectively. This study explored the potency and molecular mechanisms of CG9806, a pan-FLT3/pan-BTK inhibitor, in hematologic malignancies relative to other FLT3 or BTK inhibitors commercialized or in development. In FLT3-ITD AML cells, CG9806 induced apoptosis through inhibition of FLT3 signaling (decreased phospho-FLT3, -STAT5 and -ERK) and promotion of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest determined by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, and CG9806 was approximately 10-fold more potent than quizartinib. Although FLT3-ITD is found in 25-30% of AML patients, most AML patients express wild type (WT) FLT3. CG9806 had an IC50 = 11 nM against FLT3 WT-transfected Ba/F3 cells and was superior to quizartinib, gilteritinib and crenolanib FLT3 inhibitors (1,956, 500 and 2,617 nM, respectively). In FLT3-WT AML cell lines, or Ba/F3 cells transfected with FLT3-WT, D835Y, ITD+D835Y, or ITD+F691L, CG9806 markedly decreased phosphorylation of BTK, aurora kinases (AURK) and H3S10, resulting in G2/M arrest or polyploidy, and apoptosis with less or no effect on FLT3-WT activity. In contrast, quizartinib did not affect BTK or AURK signaling, and CG9806 was >2,000-fold more effective than quizartinib on FLT3-WT AML cells in MTS based cell proliferation assays. In B cell malignancies, BTK signaling plays a pivotal pathogenic role. CG9806 decreased BTK phosphorylation in all malignant B cell lines tested (n =10) and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation 50-6,000 times more potently than ibrutinib, an effect which could not be explained by the exclusive inhibition of BTK signaling. Further analysis revealed CG9806 effectively inhibited AURK signaling and caused polyploidy and apoptosis in B cell lines, sequelae which were not induced by ibrutinib. BTK-C481S is the most common mutation induced by treatment with ibrutinib and is associated with ibrutinib resistance in the clinic. CG9806 equivalently inhibited BTK-WT and BTK-C481S in HEK293 transfected cells, whereas ibrutinib was much less potent against the BTK-C481S mutant. The ability of CG9806 to target all WT and mutant forms of FLT3 and BTK, and to inhibit multiple signaling pathways, produces killing of diverse subtypes of hematologic malignancies driven by different genomic aberrations. Considering the efficacy of CG9806 in the absence of observed toxicity in murine AML models, CG9806 appears superior to other FLT3 or BTK inhibitors and is suitable for development in patients with either AML or B-cell malignancy. Citation Format: Hongying Zhang, Andrea Local, Khalid Benbatoul, Peter Folger, Susan Sheng, Cheng-Yu Tsai, Stephen B. Howell, William G. Rice. CG9806, a first-in-class pan-FLT3/pan-BTK inhibitor, targets multiple pathways to kill diverse subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia and B-cell malignancy in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 794.


Abstract This paper explores the relationship between the quality of a sketch and how others perceive the creativity of the idea portrayed by the sketch. In this study, sketch quality is characterized through its line work, perspective, and proportions. Four different toaster ideas were each sketched by four people with different backgrounds and levels of sketching proficiency. Then, 360 reviewers ranked the toasters for idea creativity, referring to a set of four sketches: one sketch for each toaster concept. The level of sketch quality for each toaster concept was varied among one of four quality levels. Higher quality idea sketches were found to correlate with higher creativity rank (p > 0.005), and lower quality sketches correlated with a lower creativity rank (p > 0.0005). A toaster idea portrayed with the highest quality level of sketch was 2.3 times more likely to be ranked as the most creative idea within the given set of idea sketches. The results underscore the importance of how an idea is presented, and support the need for sketching instruction in engineering and design curriculum.


During a building fire, smoke can flow through elevator shafts threatening life on floors remote from the fire. Many buildings have pressurized elevators intended to prevent such smoke flow. The computer program, CONTAM, can be used to analyze the performance of pressurization smoke control systems. The design of pressurized elevators can be challenging for the following reasons: (1) often the building envelope is not capable of effectively handling the large airflow resulting from elevator pressurization, (2) open elevator doors on the ground floor tend to increase the flow from the elevator shaft at the ground floor, and (3) open exterior doors on the ground floor can cause excessive pressure differences across the elevator shaft at the ground floor. To meet these challenges, the following systems have been developed: (1) exterior vent (EV) system, (2) floor exhaust (FE) system, and ground floor lobby (GFL) system.


The basic problem for gravitational wave detectors is to detect very small signals in the presence of noise which is often not Gaussian and not stationary. We cope with this problem by applying data filters, matched to short bursts, based on power spectra obtained online. We describe the new procedure adopted by the Rome group, where the signal-to-noise ratios obtained with various algorithms are compared and the best one is selected. The selected algorithm depends on the noise characteristics at that particular time.


Most queries submitted to a literature search engine can be more precisely written as sentences to give the search engine more specific information. Sentence queries should be more effective, in principle, than short queries with small numbers of keywords. Querying with full sentences is also a key step in question-answering and citation recommendation systems. Despite the considerable progress in natural language processing (NLP) in recent years, using sentence queries on current search engines does not yield satisfactory results. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based method for sentence queries, called DeepSenSe, using citation data available in full-text articles obtained from PubMed Central (PMC). A large amount of labeled data was generated from millions of matched citing sentences and cited articles, making it possible to train quality predictive models using modern deep learning techniques. A two-stage approach was designed: in the first stage we used a modified BM25 algorithm to obtain the top 1000 relevant articles; the second stage involved re-ranking the relevant articles using DeepSenSe. We tested our method using a large number of sentences extracted from real scientific articles in PMC. Our method performed substantially better than PubMed and Google Scholar for sentence queries.