Partial depositions of phosphorous study were carried out to monitor the rate of its concentration at various formations, sequentially to ground water aquifers. The study where carried out through the development of mathematical model, the derived equation formulated generated theoretical values, the model values where compared with experimental values, both parameters developed a best fit as presented from the figures, the rate of phosphorous deposition generated the highest concentration at eighteen metres at the period of sixty days, while the lowest were expressed at thirty metres at the period of hundred days.  The concentration   at the highest degree where found within the fine and coarse sand formation, this is under the influences of high degree of void ratio and permeability in the study location, but at the aquiferious zone were the lowest concentration were recorded, the concentration reduces compared to the deposition within three to eighteen metres were the highest concentration where expressed , the concentration within the aquiferious zone were found to produce a parameters that must be compared with world health organization, if  the ground water  produced at those depth will be good for human utilization, the model is imperative because partial deposition in the study location can be monitored to determine the growth rate of microbial population  migrating to ground water aquifer in the study area.


This paper presents predictions of fatigue crack initiation life for three distinctly different, irregular load histories, each applied to keyhole-notched compact tension specimens at several maximum load levels and using two different structural steels. Three computerized prediction methods (Landgraf, Wetzel, and a Nominal Stress Range approach) are used. All predictions are based on load histories condensed to 10% of their original number of reversals by the "Racetrack Method." This method, which is described in detail, selects the most damaging overall ranges in an irregular load history while preserving the sequence of the original loading. Predictions are compared with test data for the two dozen combinations of loading type and level and steel used. Comments are made on the relative merits of the different prediction methods.


Whilst reports of value tensions between new managerialism and Catholic education have emerged as a key theme in the academic literature, there remains little empirical understanding of how teachers negotiate these complex terrains in Catholic schools. Drawing on qualitative data from teachers in two Catholic post-primary schools in Northern Ireland, this paper sought to explore how Catholic teachers developed a distinctively Catholic ethos against a culture of 'creeping managerialism'. The paper has shown that despite the predominance of managerial practices, tensions between managerialist values and the 'Catholic ethos' did not emerge in either context: in one school managerialism permeated the school and the Catholic ethos was constructed within this context. In the other school a staff process of spiritual renewal had consolidated a commitment to the Catholic faith and social inclusion. It was argued that the dialogical engagement around Catholic values may help Catholic schools defend against the harsher manifestations of managerialism without compromising the pupils' capacity to realise their academic potential.


Data-driven functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping is being increasingly utilized to assess brain connectomics at rest in the healthy brain and its disruption in neuropsychiatric diseases with the underlying assumption that the spatiotemporal hub distribution is stationary. However, recent studies show that functional connectivity is highly dynamic. Here we study the temporal variability of the local FCD (lFCD) at high spatiotemporal resolution (2-mm isotropic; 0.72s) using a sliding-window approach and 'resting-state' datasets from 40 healthy subjects collected under the Human Connectome Project. Prominent functional connectivity hubs in visual and posterior parietal cortices had pronounced temporal changes in local FCD. These dynamic patterns in the strength of the lFCD hubs occurred in cortical gray matter with high sensitivity (up to 85%) and specificity (> 85%) and showed high reproducibility (up to 72%) across sessions and high test-retest reliability (ICC(3,1) > 0.5). The temporal changes in lFCD predominantly occurred in medial occipitoparietal regions and were proportional to the strength of the connectivity hubs. The temporal variability of the lFCD was associated with the amplitude of the low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). Pure randomness did not account for the probability distribution of lFCD. Shannon entropy increased in proportion to the strength of the lFCD hubs suggesting high average flow of information per unit of time in the lFCD hubs, particularly in medial occipitoparietal regions. Thus, the higher dynamic range of the lFCD hubs is consistent with their role in the complex orchestration of interacting brain networks.


Xenogeneic antisera have been prepared against human monocytes, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. The reactivity of these antisera against a variety of normal and neoplastic cells is described. Reed-Sternberg cells from three cases of Hodgkin's disease failed to react with xenogeneic anti-T and anti-monocyte sera, but reacted with an anti-B serum. A further three cases were examined with monoclonal antibodies. Negative results were obtained with monoclonal anti-T and positive results were given by monoclonal antibodies directed against DR and HLA antigens.


Regional distribution of genetic diversity in widespread species may be influenced by hybridization with locally restricted, closely related species. Previous studies have shown that Central American East Pacific populations of the wide‐ranged Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, harbour higher genetic diversity than the rest of its range. Genetic diversity in this region might be enhanced by introgression with the locally restricted Avicennia bicolor. We tested the hypotheses of ancient hybridization using phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and intergenic chloroplast DNA; we also tested for current hybridization by population level analysis of nuclear microsatellites. Our results unveiled ancient ITS introgression between a northern Pacific Central American A. germinans lineage and A. bicolor. However, microsatellite data revealed contemporary isolation between the two species. Polymorphic ITS sequences from Costa Rica and Panama are consistent with a zone of admixture between the introgressant ITS A. germinans lineage and a southern Central American lineage of A. germinans. Interspecific introgression influenced lineage diversity and divergence at the nuclear ribosomal DNA; intraspecific population differentiation and secondary contact are more likely to have enhanced regional genetic diversity in Pacific Central American populations of the widespread A. germinans.


The use of packet filters has increased considerably due to the growth of Internet users and network services. A number of header fields must be examined by the filter, causing delay for each packet processed. The problem is compounded when considering multiple filters across a network. To maximize network performance, it would be desirable to minimize the number of packet filters for each path across a domain. Due to the interactions of rules between filters, the underlying network topology and the actions of dynamic routing protocols, it is computationally infeasible to implement this strategy by collectively considering all packet filters across the network. A simpler approach is the elimination of a filter by merging two filters on a common network segment. This work presents a novel packet filter merging algorithm using decision diagrams. A large number of practical and simulated experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique and possible enhancements are considered in the conclusion. The results show an average 20% performance improvement can be obtained using the technique.


Using Przeworski et al.'s paradigmatic work on democracy and development as a touchstone, this review examines East Asia's lessons for comparative politics. It focuses particularly on the challenges that China and South-East Asia present for modernization theory, a foundation stone of political science. In most of the rich world, including north-east Asian cases of modernization such as Korea and Taiwan, economic development and democratization have tended to go hand in hand. In South-East Asia, by contrast, almost none of the expected relationships between democracy and development seems to work. The most striking anomaly of all today is China, which appears to be moving ever further away from democratic reform as it grows richer. This disjuncture between theory and practice is explored, along with other, more positive, East Asian contributions to scholarship on democracy and development.


Approximately 30 years ago, the finding that prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) was antigenically distinct from other acid phosphatases opened an era in the measurement of prostate cancer. Many immunoassays have been developed but their clinical significance has been limited. Studies comparing one or more assays in the same population of men with prostate cancer population have concluded that no differences were found in the sensitivities of the assays when the upper limits of normal were selected to provide equal specificities.


Insulin Analogues and Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes To the Editor The SWITCH 1 randomized clinical trial compared the effect of 2 insulin analogues, insulin degludec vs insulin glargine, on the frequency of hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 diabetes and risk factors for hypoglycemia.1 According to the study protocol, the insulin dose was titrated to reach fasting glucose values between 71 mg/dL and 90 mg/dL (3.9-5.0 mmol/L). Such low target values increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia. The American Diabetes Association2 and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence3 in the United Kingdom recommend fasting glucose values that range from 90 mg/dL to 130 mg/dL. Also, professional diabetes organizations suggest less-stringent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets and, thus, higher target glucose values for patients at risk of severe hypoglycemia to prevent this complication. In the SWITCH 1 study, the authors did just the opposite. They increased the basal insulin dose in these vulnerable patients to 0.5 U/kg body weight (calculated from the data on body weight in Table 1 and basal insulin in eTable 5 in Supplement 2 of the article) and provoked a high frequency of severe hypoglycemic events throughout the study period, reaching 86 events per 100 patient-years in the insulin degludec group and 105 events per 100 patient-years in the insulin glargine group. We are concerned that the study design exposed patients at increased risk of severe hypoglycemia. It remains unclear whether the small pharmacokinetic difference between insulin degludec and insulin glargine (which increases with higher insulin doses)4 would still translate into a clinically meaningful difference in the frequency of hypoglycemic episodes if a more appropriate basal insulin dose was given. When the quality of care of all patients with type 1 diabetes followed up at our institution in 2011 was analyzed, a median HbA1c of 7.1% was found, with a mean basal insulin dose of only 0.26 U/kg of body weight and a frequency of 15 severe hypoglycemic events per 100 patient-years, whereas 72% of patients did not experience any severe hypoglycemic event in the last 5 years.5


Context. The GRAVITY instrument was commissioned on the VLTI in 2016 and is now available to the astronomical community. It is the first optical interferometer capable of observing sources as faint as magnitude 19 in K band. This is possible through the fringe tracker, which compensates the differential piston based on measurements of a brighter off-axis astronomical reference source.
Aims. The goal of this paper is to describe the main developments made in the context of the GRAVITY fringe tracker. This could serve as basis for future fringe-tracking systems.
Methods. The paper therefore covers all aspects of the fringe tracker, from hardware to control software and on-sky observations. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between the group-delay controller and the phase-delay controller. The group-delay control loop is a simple but robust integrator. The phase-delay controller is a state-space control loop based on an auto-regressive representation of the atmospheric and vibrational perturbations. A Kalman filter provides the best possible determination of the state of the system.
Results. The fringe tracker shows good tracking performance on sources with coherent K magnitudes of 11 on the Unit Telescopes (UTs) and 9.5 on the Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs). It can track fringes with a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.5 per detector integration time, limited by photon and background noises. During good seeing conditions, the optical path delay residuals on the ATs can be as low as 75 nm root mean square. The performance is limited to around 250 nm on the UTs because of structural vibrations.


BACKGROUND
Permissive hypoxaemia describes a concept in which a lower level of arterial oxygenation (PaO2) than usual is accepted to avoid the detrimental effects of high fractional inspired oxygen and invasive mechanical ventilation. Currently however, no specific threshold is known that defines permissive hypoxaemia, and its use in adults remains formally untested. The importance of this systematic review is thus to determine whether any substantial evidence is available to support the notion that permissive hypoxaemia may improve clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.

OBJECTIVES
We assessed whether permissive hypoxaemia (accepting a lower PaO2 than is current practice) in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients affects patient morbidity and mortality. We planned to conduct subgroup and sensitivity analyses and to examine the role of bias to determine the level of evidence provided.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) 2013, Issue 11, part of The Cochrane Library; MEDLINE (1954 to November 2013); EMBASE (1980 to November 2013); CINAHL (1982 to November 2013) and ISI Web of Science (1946 to November 2013). We combined the sensitive search strategies described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in MEDLINE and EMBASE. For ongoing trials, we also searched the following databases: MetaRegister of ControlledTrials and the National Research Register. We applied no language restrictions.

SELECTION CRITERIA
RCTs and quasi-RCTs that compared outcomes for mechanically ventilated critically ill participants, in which the intervention group was targeted to be hypoxaemic relative to the control group, and the control group was normoxaemic or was mildly hypoxaemic, were eligible for inclusion in this review. Exact values defining 'conventional' and 'permissive hypoxaemia' groupings were purposely not specified, and the manner in which these oxygenation goals were achieved also was not specified. We did state however that the intervention group required a target oxygenation level lower than that of the control group, and that the control group target levels should be in the range of normoxaemia or mild hypoxaemia (not hyperoxaemia).

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. Using the results of the above searches, two review authors (EG-K and KM) independently screened all titles and abstracts for eligibility and duplication. No discrepancies were encountered, nor was it necessary for review authors to contact the first author of any trial to ask for additional information.

MAIN RESULTS
Our search strategy yielded a total of 2419 results. After exclusion of duplications, 1651 candidate studies were identified. Screening of titles and abstracts revealed that no studies met our inclusion criteria.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This comprehensive review failed to identify any relevant studies evaluating permissive hypoxaemia versus normoxaemia in mechanically ventilated critically ill participants. Therefore we are unable to support or refute the hypothesis that this treatment strategy is of benefit to patients.Given the substantial amount of provocative evidence derived from related clinical contexts (resuscitation, myocardial infarction, stroke), we believe that this review highlights an important unanswered question within critical care.  In the presence of two competing harms (hypoxia and hyperoxia), it will be important to carefully evaluate the safety and feasibility of permissive hypoxaemia before proceeding to efficacy and effectiveness trials.


Objective: To audit and categorize pathological lesions and conditions that occurred in the orofacial region among children aged up to 15 yrs. Setting: Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional audit based on archival records and material between 1985 to 2005. Results: Biopsy results were generated into 11 categories whence most common lesions encountered were in the categories of soft tissue benign neoplasms (35.1%) and soft tissue malignant neoplasms (21.8%). Remarkably, Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the category of malignant soft tissue neoplasia constituted 11.8% of all the lesions biopsied while haemangiomas and tuberculous adenitis comprised 8.1% and 3.8% respectively. The age groups revealed the highest burden (37.1%) among the 0 to 5-year-olds followed by the 11 to 15-(34.5%) and 6 to 10-year-olds (28.4%). The orofacial site distribution among the 211 biopsied cases included 62.1% in the mandibular 29.9% in the maxillary region and 8% in the tongue areas. Malignant neoplasms of the bone were rare and all were diagnosed in the mandible. Overall, malignant neoplasms of soft tissue were significantly more in the age group of 6 - 10 years as well as in males than females. On the other hand, significantly more benign soft tissue neoplasms occurred in females than in males. Main Outcome Measure: There is great diversity and preponderance of soft tissue than skeletal orofacial lesions on the present audit. Significantly, clinicians should maintain high index of suspicion regarding the remarkably high frequency of diagnosing BL and tuberculous lymphadenitis in such a population in this era of HIV infection/AIDS.


The recent revision (table 1) of the definition of a cardiomyopathy by the World Health Organization1 recognises that ventricular dysfunction can result from a failure to correct volume or pressure overload in valve disease or to control hypertension. Loss of myocardium caused by coronary artery disease also leads to severe ventricular dysfunction. All of these end stage conditions are categorised as specific cardiomyopathies. The second form of cardiomyopathy is caused by intrinsic disorders of the myocardium itself and is subdivided on the basis of the pathophysiology. Such a functional rather than an aetiological classification has drawbacks but reflects our current state of knowledge. The different functional abnormalities produce characteristic changes in ventricular shape easily recognised in short axis echocardiographic planes and by pathologists (fig 1).

View this table:

Table 1
The cardiomyopathies, as defined by the World Health Organization1

Figure 1
The morphological expression of the intrinsic cardiomyopathies as seen in short axis cuts across the right and left ventricle at mid septal level. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be symmetric or asymmetric. HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; RCM, restrictive cardiomyopathy; ARVD, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; EMF, endomyocardial fibrosis; OCM, obliterative cardiomyopathy,

The pathophysiological entity dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is heterogeneous with regard both to its pathogenesis and its morphology. Common to the whole group is a poorly contracting dilated left ventricle with a normal or reduced left ventricular wall thickness. The lack of an increase in left ventricular wall thickness tends to mask a significant increase in left ventricular mass. In the terminal stages thrombus may develop in the apices of both ventricles. The histological changes within the myocardium are listed above. The individual myocytes are increased in length rather than in width and lose the normal number of intracellular contractile myofibrils, and thus appear empty and vacuolated on histology (fig 2). The degree of …


PURPOSE
The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether quizzes using moodle are useful for academic achievement in a medical English class and to introduce moodle to educators based on the author's teaching experience.

METHODS
After a final examination in a medical English class, the author surveyed (scale of 1 low to 5 high) the degree of satisfaction of students and the usefulness of quizzes provided on the author's homepage using moodle. Students had been recommended to solve the quizzes on the homepage voluntarily. The author analyzed statistical differences of the final examination scores between the students who completed the quizzes and those who did not.

RESULTS
A total of 59 students completed the survey (collection rate=81.9%). On the question of satisfaction about the medical English class and the question of usefulness of quizzes, scores of mean, maximum, and minimum were 4.29 (SD=0.56), 5, and 3, and 4.03 (SD=0.72), 5, and 2, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the final examination scores were observed between the students who completed quizzes and those who did not.

CONCLUSION
A tool for students' self-directed study is needed for improving academic achievement. In particular, various educational programs and environments provided by moodle are thought to be very useful. The quizzes the author made with moodle were very effective in the aspect of achievement.


The number of Internet users has grown exponentially. The evidence is not only demonstrated by figures in developed countries but also in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Internet technology has been adopted for multiple applications like e-government, e-learning, and e-commerce. Many prior studies found that e-commerce provides advantages. For instance, flexibility and efficiency are advantages which can be achieved by e-commerce. However, e-commerce has disadvantages such as frauds that remain serious threats. Recent reports have found that fraud incidents on e-commerce are increasing with many victims and losses. These reports are likely to affect the trust of parties which are involved in e-commerce systems, particularly customers. Therefore, this study attempts to address this problem by investigating the presence of trust and cyber-fraud perceptions on customers' intentions to purchase using e-commerce.
This study developed a conceptual model by integrating trust and cyber-fraud perceptions using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) made up of attitude towards behaviour, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Trust in this model is defined by two constructs of trust of sellers and trust of the (Internet) medium. In addition, previous studies have not investigated cyber-fraud perception as a moderator of the relationship between trust of sellers and intention to purchase using e-commerce. Accordingly, this relationship was tested to reveal the role of cyber-fraud perceptions. Furthermore, direct effects of cyber-fraud perceptions, trust of sellers, and trust of the (Internet) medium towards intentions to purchase in e-commerce were also examined.
The study was undertaken in Indonesia by investigating customers' perspectives of e-commerce transactions. A survey was conducted through an online questionnaire and received 602 valid respondents. For data analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied. Since the distribution of data was non-normal, a model fit examination employed bootstrapping. The results of this examination demonstrate that the model is robust, parsimonious, and fits the data well.
The results of the study indicate that Indonesian customers' purchase intentions using e-commerce are negatively influenced by their cyber-fraud perceptions. Consequently, the more information on or the more experience with cyber-fraud incidents customers have, the more likely they will not commit transactions in e-commerce. However, cyber-fraud perceptions do not decrease customers' trust of sellers when intending to buy in an e-commerce environment. In addition, cyber-fraud perceptions do not influence attitude towards behaviour of customers. Furthermore, trust of sellers, attitude towards behaviour, subjective norm and perceived behavioural controls are essential factors to promote customers' purchase intentions using e-commerce. In contrast, trust of the (Internet) medium is not necessarily an influence on e-commerce customers' intentions to purchase. In relation to customers' attitudes towards behaviours, tests show that trust of the (Internet) medium influences this factor, whereas cyber-fraud perceptions and trust of sellers do not.
The study highlights that cyber-fraud perceptions and trust of sellers are two salient factors of concern to e-commerce retailers. Consequently, sellers are urged to have programs to advance seller-buyer relationships. Furthermore, in order to develop and counter publicity creating negative customers' perceptions toward cyber-fraud, sellers are advised to educate customers regarding e-commerce systems security and proper behaviour while completing transactions. Finally, other parties such as governments and commerce agencies are urged to provide support in developing a safe e-commerce environment.


Abstract In the Gåsborn area, West Bergslagen, central Sweden, Mn-silicate-magnetite-jacobsite skarns were formed as the result of three successive processes. (1) Deposition of exhalative-sedimentary manganiferous iron-ore-bearing sediments together with cherts and volcanics. (2) Intrusion of a synvolcanic anorogenic granite and some slightly younger gabbros and tonalites: under influence of these intrusives the manganiferous iron-ore-bearing sediments were metamorphosed into (a) rhodonite(I)-magnetite-pyrophanite-garnet assemblages; (b) (manganiferous) hedenbergite(I)-allanite-titanite-garnet-magnetite assemblages; (c) tephroite-jacobsite-pyrophanite-garnet assemblages and (d) magnetite-bearing quartzites. (3) Release of hydrothermal fluids from the granite and subsequent alteration of the above assemblages into metasomatic infiltration skarns, consisting of rhodonite(II), garnet, hedenbergite(II), biotite, actinolite or edenite (with up to 20.11 wt.% MnO), chlorite, bementite, fluorite, helvite, rhodochrosite, hematite, rutile and accessory galena, sphalerite, wittichenite, aikinite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The maximum temperature (T) and pressure (P) during contact metamorphism are estimated at 550°C and 1.0 kbar respectively. The fluid under influence of which the metasomatic infiltration skarns were formed was relatively rich in Fe, Cl and F and carried little or no Mg and Mn. During early diagenesis (beginning of stage 2) fo 2 was between the hematite/magnetite (hm/mt) and the hausmannite + hematite = jacobsite buffers (h + m = j). During stage 2, with increasing T, fo 2 changed from above to below hm/mt. Magnetite and jacobsite at some distance from the hydrothermal veins from which the metasomatic skarn-forming fluids were released, were altered during stage 3 into hematite. Magnetite in, and close to the hydrothermal veins was not altered to hematite, implying an increase in fo 2 to above hm/mt with increasing distance from these veins.


Oleylamine-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with sizes ranging from 5 to 13 nm and narrow size distributions (<10%) are synthesized by using a seeded growth approach. Water-solubility is achieved by using a UV-induced ligand exchange approach, resulting in transfer from the organic to an aqueous phase.


Historically, diabetes identity has been examined at the individual level as it relates to clinical outcomes and self-management practices. Yet, identity is not experienced as an individually isolated phenomenon. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) examine the social meaning of diabetes identity and (b) formulate a theoretical model of diabetes identity through a sociopolitical lens. Adults living with diabetes engaged in a diabetes online community (N = 20) participated in a 60-minute semi-structured interview focused on social diabetes experiences and diabetes identity. Seven themes emerged related to illness, individuation, and culture, resulting in a novel theoretical model of diabetes identity: willingness to identify, tales of the un-sick, legends of the responsible, a tradition of change-making, sense of sameness, mystification of difference, and diabetes as a unifying social category. Our study extends previous literature focused on self-management practices and compliance, resulting in a theoretical model of diabetes identity centered around social change.


The purpose of this work is fast design optimization of the seal chamber. The study includes the mass transfer between lower and upper chamber on seal chamber for hot water application pumps. The use of Fluent 12.1 commercial code made it possible to capture complex flow with heat-mass transfer, radiation, Tailor instability, and buoyancy effect. Realizable k-epsilon model was used for turbulence modeling. Radiation heat losses were taken into account. The temperature distribution at seal region is predicted with respect to heat addition. Results show the possibilities of the model simplifications by excluding the water domain in low chamber from calculations. CFD simulations permit to improve seal chamber design to meet target water temperature around the seal. This study can be used for the analysis of different seal chamber configurations. Keywords—CFD, heat transfer, seal chamber, high temperature water


The article surveys contemporary Israeli historiography of the 1917 revolutions, focusing mainly on studies that appeared in Hebrew, but also considering some works by Israeli historians that were published in Russian and English. The article examines the research problems addressed by Israeli historians, including such questions as the inevitability vs. unpredictability of the February and October revolutions; the conflicting character of the Russian revolutionary cultures; elements of modern utopianism in the revolutionary ideology; and individual and communal survival during the revolutionary era. Special attention is paid to the representation of the 1917 revolutions in Jewish history, including biographies of historical figures who were active in both the Russian revolutionary and the Jewish national movement in Palestine. The article claims that the studies of Israeli historians are characterized by a rich documentary basis and approach the 1917 revolution as a profound cultural, and not only political and social, event.


We consider the problem of fitting a low rank tensor $A\in\mathbb{R}^{{\mathcal I}}$, ${\mathcal I} = \{1,\ldots,n\}^{d}$, to a given set of data points $\{M_i\in\mathbb{R}\mid i\in P\}$, $P\subset{\mathcal I}$.
The low rank format under consideration is the hierarchical or TT or MPS format. It is characterized by rank bounds $r$ on certain matricizations of the tensor. The number of degrees of freedom is in ${\cal O}(r^2dn)$.
For a fixed rank and mode size $n$ we observe that it is possible to reconstruct random (but rank structured) tensors as well as certain discretized multivariate (but rank structured) functions from a number of samples that is in ${\cal O}(\log N)$ for a tensor having $N=n^d$ entries.
We compare an alternating least squares fit (ALS) to an overrelaxation scheme inspired by the LMaFit method for matrix completion.
Both approaches aim at finding a tensor $A$ that fulfils the first order optimality conditions by a nonlinear Gauss-Seidel type solver that consists of an alternating fit cycling through the directions $\mu=1,\ldots,d$.
The least squares fit is of complexity ${\cal O}(r^4d\#P)$ per step, whereas each step of ADF is in ${\cal O}(r^2d\#P)$, albeit with a slightly higher number of necessary steps.
In the numerical experiments we observe robustness of the completion algorithm with respect to noise and good reconstruction capability.
Our tests provide evidence that the algorithm is suitable in higher dimension ($>$10) as well as for moderate ranks.
Keywords: MPS, Tensor Completion, Tensor Train, TT, Hierarchical Tucker, HT, ALS.


Summary. In this article, we formalize integral linear spaces, that is a linear space with integer coefficients. Integral linear spaces are necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov´asz) base reduction algorithm that outputs short lattice base and cryptographic systems with lattice [8].


BACKGROUND
The interactions of individuals participating in space simulation studies can give us valuable information about ways that space crew members relate with one another. A promising method of investigating such interactions is based on the Kelly repertory grid technique.

HYPOTHESES
We predicted that in a space simulation crew: 1) one's personal self-concept would become closer to concepts about other crew members in a cohesive crew, and vice-versa, and 2) the similarity of one's ego images in the past, present and future influences that person's position in the group.

METHOD
Crews from two isolation studies lasting 135 and 90 days at the Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow were evaluated using a modification of the Kelly repertory grid technique. Members assessed each other on a monthly basis and during off-nominal simulated docking periods.

RESULTS
During both isolations, crew members were unsuccessful in making their personal self-concepts move closer to their concepts about fellow crew members. Crew disintegration resulted, with one member becoming an outsider whose personality was characterized by a disintegrated ego-image and an infantile type of the present ego.

CONCLUSIONS
In small isolated groups, failure to make personal self-concepts become more like concepts about other crew members can lead to group disintegration and tension and can result in the appearance of an outsider who has a disintegrated ego-image and an infantile present ego.


Introduction Antibody therapeutic strategies have served an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, even as their effectiveness has waned with the emergence of escape variants. Here we sought to determine the concentration of convalescent immunoglobulin required to protect against disease from SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian golden hamster model. Methods Total IgG and IgM were isolated from plasma of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent donors. Dose titrations of IgG and IgM were infused into hamsters 1 day prior to challenge with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-1. Results The IgM preparation was found to have ~25-fold greater neutralization potency than IgG. IgG infusion protected hamsters from disease in a dose-dependent manner, with detectable serum neutralizing titers correlating with protection. Despite a higher in vitro neutralizing potency, IgM failed to protect against disease when transferred into hamsters. Discussion This study adds to the growing body of literature that demonstrates neutralizing IgG antibodies are important for protection from SARS-CoV-2 disease, and confirms that polyclonal IgG in sera can be an effective preventative strategy if the neutralizing titers are sufficiently high. In the context of new variants, against which existing vaccines or monoclonal antibodies have reduced efficacy, sera from individuals who have recovered from infection with the emerging variant may potentially remain an efficacious tool.


Because of the circulating energy in the ON/OFF state of zero voltage (ZVS) and zero current (ZCS) quasi-resonant converters, the topologies do have a power factor or DC/RMS ratio although they are subjected to a DC input source. The reactive power varies with normalized frequencies, affecting the efficiency of the converter, accordingly. This paper introduces an intrinsic power loss factor which is closely related to the currents flowing through the switching and resonant elements. High efficiency can only be achieved by employing low loss components, reducing the output current rating for ZVS and increasing current for ZCS, elevating the characteristic impedance of resonant components, and operating in a bounded frequency range with high DC conversion ratio. Comparisons between ZCS and ZVS topologies in terms of efficiencies and stress are verified by computer simulation and experimental data.<<ETX>>


Summary This paper discusses how to include security into existing communication services in a way that increases the users' trust. Throughout this paper, we discuss a security architecture that enables secure communication services to both satisfy the users' security needs and protect investments into existing network infrastructure. Adding security implies penalties in cost, quality of service, or usage pattern. Thus, our proposal aims at optional security services that are activated by users on demand. We accomplish this by exploiting existing service interfaces to plug-in security services call-by-call. Communication services offer many benefits and become essential in people's business and private lives. Therefore, architects of communication networks need to address the users' security requirements more carefully than in the past. By including open security interfaces throughout the communication system design, users gain flexibility in choosing those security solutions that satisfy their requirements most efficiently. As the whole is no more secure than the weakest of its parts, separating security sensitive functions from highly complex communication functions promotes security. Additionally, this approach leads to security services that are mostly independent of the communication services they protect. Thus, these security services can be universally used and implemented in highly secure runtime environments. These portable and secure runtime environments can accompany the users wherever they go.


Safflower is a multi-purpose oilseed crop, primarily known for good quality oil containing highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content (>80%) among edible oils. In this study, a core subset of 148 safflower accessions representing 15 countries, predominantly of Indian origin, was evaluated for agronomic traits and characterized for genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) using 44 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci across 11 linkage groups to enable its utilization in breeding and genetic mapping purposes. The collection had substantial variation for seed yield-related traits. SSR allelic variation was low as indicated by average number of alleles (3.6) per locus, gene diversity (0.314) and polymorphism information content (0.284). Cluster analysis (neighbour-joining tree) revealed five major genotypic groups with very low bootstrap support. STRUCTURE analysis showed recognizable population structure; based on membership coefficients ( ≥ 0.75), 52% accessions were classified into four populations (K= 4) and the remaining 48% accessions into admixture group. High F st values (0.30–0.48) suggested that the populations were substantially differentiated. Analysis of molecular variance results showed that maximum of genetic variation (85%) was explained between individuals within the population suggesting that the population structure was only weak. About 1.9% of SSR locus pairs were in LD, which appeared to be low. High phenotypic variation, mild population structure and low level of LD among unlinked loci suggested that the core subset can be explored for association mapping of seed yield components in safflower.


BACKGROUND
The advent of night-time exchange devices (NXDs), such as the Quantum, gives the client on home peritoneal dialysis the option of five exchanges well spaced in a day or, for those who need only four exchanges a day, the ability to change their long dwell to the daytime.

PURPOSE
To ascertain whether we were able to attain the NKF-DOQI recommended Kt/V of 2.0 for CAPD clients by adding a fifth exchange utilizing the Quantum NXD or by introducing a long daytime dwell for clients who only needed four exchanges per day. We also looked at alternative uses for a NXD.

METHOD
As part of our CQI process for all clients on home peritoneal dialysis, dialysis adequacy testing is performed two weeks after the start of full prescription and biannually thereafter. In this study, the first group of clients, the "lifestyle group", changed to using the NXD to allow more daytime freedom. This first group had repeated 24 hour dialysate collections to ensure they maintained adequate Kt/Vs. The second group of clients, the "adequacy group", had Kt/Vs falling below the NKF-DOQI recommendation of 2.0. This second group had their peritoneal dialysis prescription optimized utilizing a computer modeling program. Their prescription was then changed accordingly Two weeks after the change in prescription, 24 hour dialysate collections were repeated for each client to ensure the new Kt/Vs were within the predicted parameters.

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS
We were able to attain the NKF-DOQI recommended Kt/V, utilizing the CANUSA recommended fill volumes, for all clients underdialyzed on CAPD through the addition of a fifth exchange using the NXD. Other clients who may benefit from the use of NXDs are those who need more daytime freedom.


I must begin this address with an apology for the uncommunicative nature of the title of my paper as announced in your programmes. As often happens, the title had to be chosen in advance of the birth, even perhaps of the conception, of the matter which it professes to describe: its vagueness must, therefore, be explained as a precautionary attempt to provide for all contingencies. Actually, the particular subject of this paper is The language of the social sciences; and I would ask you, therefore, to be good enough to append those words as a sub‐title.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great attention and spurred rapid development in both fundamental research and device applications. The search for exotic physical properties, such as magnetic and topological order, in 2D materials could enable the realization of novel quantum devices and is therefore at the forefront of materials science. Here, we report the discovery of twofold degenerate Weyl nodal lines in a 2D ferromagnetic material, a single-layer gadolinium-silver compound, based on combined angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations. These Weyl nodal lines are symmetry protected and thus robust against external perturbations. The coexistence of magnetic and topological order in a 2D material is likely to inform ongoing efforts study the rich physics in 2D topological ferromagnets.


BackgroundAmong the various causes of death, colorectal carcinoma represents the second highest cause in frequency both in men and in women. A colorectal cancer is diagnosed every 3.5 minutes and a person dies of colorectal cancer every 9 minutes. In 2018, in Italy were recorded around 51.000 new cases, with a mortality rate of over 18.000 deaths. There is clear evidence demonstrating that the identification and treatment of cancer at an early stage positively influence the reduction in mortality. Colonoscopy is the most effective technique used to identify and remove polyps, thus avoiding the costs related to surgical treatment and hospitalization.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the costs of the system Endotics for robotic colonoscopy as an alternative to conventional diagnostic colonoscopy performed under anaesthesia at the University Hospital of Pisa.MethodsThe cost analysis was developed according to the Budget Impact Analysis method application, an essential and complementary part of the Health Technology Assessment evaluation, which has the main purpose of assessing the financial sustainability of new health technology, estimating the consequences of its use and diffusion in a specific context characterized by the limited availability of resources. The observation period covered a time interval of 3 months, during which an average of 43 colonoscopic procedures per day was performed and mapped and a total of 23 colonoscopes were used. ResultsOverall, the work done has allowed identifying the cost of a conventional painless diagnostic colonoscopy performed in our institution which amounts to € 426.25. The valuation of the costs of the robotic colonoscopy amounted overall to € 441.25.ConclusionsThe ideal procedure to diagnose a colon disease should be safe, well-tolerated, possibly non-invasive, with high diagnostic accuracy and, not least, cost-effectiveness. The results of this study suggest that in the University Hospital of Pisa the costs related to robotic colonoscopy performed with the Endotics system are superimposable to those of conventional painless colonoscopy, reducing the overall risk associated with the colonoscopic procedure maintaining a high diagnostic accuracy with a greater tolerability by the patient, thus pushing the colonoscopy towards "the ideal procedure".


The sera of 663 pregnant women with unknown immune status were tested for HI rubella antibodies between 1975 and 1978 because of exposure to rubella or presence of clinical symptoms. The majority of sera were from women in the first three months of pregnancy. Comparison of the distribution of antibody titers with those in a control group of 670 nonpregnant women of the same age showed no significant difference. The percentage of seronegative subjects was 8.6 in pregnant and 10.5 in nonpregnant women. Eighteen women (2.7%) became infected with rubella virus during pregnancy. Ten of these were devoid of rubella antibodies, representing 17.5% of the seronegatives. Diagnosis was confirmed by seroconversion and rise in antibody titer. The remaining 8 women had antibodies in the first blood specimen. Diagnosis was established by a fourfold or greater increase in titer or by the demonstration of rubella specific IgM-antibodies in a single specimen. It is of interest that almost all the pregnant women with rubella infection had clinical symptoms such as fever or exanthem. The results of this study show that the aim of complete rubella prophylaxis in women of childbearing age has not yet been achieved. It is therefore necessary to increase the uptake of rubella vaccine by schoolgirls and reduce the percentage of seronegative adult women by single vaccination and vaccination in the postpartum period.


The great advances in power electronic technology and the rapid development of power semiconductor devices both in power and switching frequency ranges, have led to all increasing interest in the use of insulated gale bipolar transistor (IGBT) device in industrial applications. At the same time, the importance of simulation in the research and development increases. For years, this fact could be observed in microelectronics whereas in power electronics simulation has mostly been restricted. This lack of simulation is due to limitation in two key elements: simulation tools and models for power devices like IGBT. The aim of this paper, is to present a new approach which consists in defining our computer program (numerical model) of the IGBT based on the finite element technique (FEM), to offer an easy to use IGBT and other devices for our program, showing short computing time and reasonable accuracy, to predict and understand the behavior of various topologies of devices, to perform automated layout of the device to overcome some of the difficulties associated with analytical methods and to identify the failure mechanisms, then we propose some remedies. The validity of our computer program (this approach) is confirmed by comparison between simulation and theory results as well as the manufacture's data, and a good agreement is recorded for IGBT devices.


1. The capillary resistance test has been studied by a special technic of capillary microscopy.

2. Seventeen cases of hemorrhagic diseases of differing etiology have been thus studied.

3. The site of capillary hemorrhage has been localized to the arteriolar end of the capillary loop.

4. Selective damage to the arteriolar-capillary junction will explain many types of hemorrhagic syndromes.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to thank the honorary staff of the Westminster Hospital for permission to study cases under their care. I am much indebted to Dr. P. Hansell and Miss F. E. McAdoo of the Westminster Hospital Department of Medical Photography for assistance with the illustrations.


Abstract Famotidine, an antiulcer drug belonging to the H2 antagonists class of pharmacological agents, was recently shown to potently inhibit human (h) and bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 188.8.131.52). We investigated the inhibitory effects of famotidine against all classes of CAs from the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3273 β-CA, as well as the CAs from the nonpathogenic bacteria/cyanobacteria Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonensis, S. azorense, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, Colwellia psychrerythraea and Nostoc commune. The δ- and ζ-CAs from the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, the fungal enzymes from Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata and Malassezia globosa, as well as the protozoan enzymes from Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum, were also investigated. Anopheles gambiae β-CA was also investigated. All these enzymes were effectively inhibited by famotidine, with affinities between the low nanomolar to the micromolar range. The best inhibition was observed against C. glabrata β-CA and TweCAζ, with KIs ranging between 13.6 and 22.1 nM.


This article offers a brief historical analysis of cultural heritage professions, which were the domain of a fairly narrow circle of people in Italy until 1975, when a full-fledged Ministry specifically dedicated to the sector was created and regional, provincial, and local entities started hiring personnel. The unrestricted admission to universities, since 1970, opened the doors to a far higher number of students than in the past, in fact exceeding the real staffing needs of public agencies. The article examines the new field of activity associated with the improvement of cultural heritage resources and services to be offered to visitors/customers. A slow process of administrative decentralisation is underway, and the relationship between public and private parties is evolving towards new forms of partnership, which can benefit from the use of specifically trained professionals. Finally, the article examines how universities are attempting to adapt their training programs to satisfy market demand, as well as how they should define procedures for certification of the degrees granted in cultural economics and cultural management. The point of this article is that cultural managers must have a solid grounding in humanistic studies and understand how to assert the values of culture in the market.


This paper reappraises Perzyna‐type viscoplasticity for the constitutive modelling of granular geomaterials, with emphasis on the simulation of rate/time effects of different magnitude. An existing elasto‐plastic model for sands is first recast into a Perzyna viscoplastic formulation and then calibrated/validated against laboratory test results on Hostun sand from the literature. Notable model features include (1) enhanced definition of the viscous nucleus function and (2) void ratio dependence of stiffness and viscous parameters, to model the pycnotropic behaviour of granular materials with a single set of parameters, uniquely identified against standard creep and triaxial test results. The comparison between experimental data and numerical simulations points out the predicative capability of the developed model and the complexity of defining a unique viscous nucleus function to capture sand behaviour under different loading/initial/boundary and drainage conditions. It is concluded that the unified viscoplastic simulation of both drained and undrained response is particularly challenging within Perzyna's framework and opens to future research in the area. The discussion presented is relevant, for instance, to the simulation of multiphase strain localisation phenomena, such as those associated to slope stability problems in variably saturated soils.


Abstract Osteosarcomas of the cranial bones need a large surgical radical resection. The best option to reconstruct mandible defect after resection is the free fibula flap. In our patient an acute ischaemic leg occurred just after the free fibula flap harvest for mandible reconstruction. The abnormal distribution of the calf arteries leads to catastrophic consequences. The peroneal artery could be the main dominant artery of the leg in a small number of patients. We reported an extremely rare case of "peronea magna", described in less than 0.2% of the global population. A careful preoperative workup of the calf vessels is required in all the patients who need free fibula flap harvest.


This paper contains a theoretical treatment of a scheme for determining phase-dependent features of a single mode of quantized light fields in general states. The proposal involves using a three-level atom, in a cascade configuration, as a detector. The cascade atom, which is on two-photon resonance with the field, is prepared in a coherent superposition of the upper and lower levels, and detection involves measuring the probability of the cascade atom being in the upper level. The results depend on the phase difference between the amplitudes for the field being in N and N + 2 photon states in the number state basis, and are important in describing nonclassical states, such as squeezed and Schrödinger cat states. The analysis is based on a standard dressed atom model approach and a Fourier treatment of the measured signal. The experimental possibilities of realizing this scheme are also discussed.


The aim of this article is to list some of the best economic practices in India. It enlists the practices which have been a role model in their areas for other states and for the entire country to follow. These economic practices have been successful in the country. These practices are related to diverse fields like agriculture, decentralization, economy, transparency and accountability. The practices enlisted here have some relation with the economy and economics.


One of the consequences caused by problems that occur in HIV patients is a change in the quality of life, particularly that relating to spirituality. This article offers a systematic review of previous studies regarding the spiritual safety of HIV patients. Inclusion criteria for article searches were studies conducted on patients with HIV, over 18 years of age, diagnosed with HIV for more than 6 months, qualitative studies, and exploring spiritual experiences. The quality assessment of each article was carried out using the standard format of the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Study. The results of this study include eight articles matching the criteria, and produce four themes that can represent all the articles analyzed: getting closer to God; having hope and life goals; needing support; and finding meaning in life. By identifying and classifying the spiritual experiences of HIV patients, it is hoped that their families will be able to provide motivation in dealing with the problems that occur. It is also hoped that practitioners will be able to use the results of this study as material in collecting assessment data on HIV patients.


Frailty models are used to model survival times in the presence of overdispersion or group-specific random effects. The latter are distinguished from the former by the term "shared" frailty models. With the release of Stata 7, estimation of parametric non-shared frailty models is now possible, and the new models appear as extensions to the six parametric survival models previously available. The overdispersion in this case is represented by an unobservable multiplicative effect on the hazard, or frailty. For purposes of estimation this frailty is then assumed to either follow a gamma or inverse-Gaussian distribution. Parametric shared frailty models are the next logical step in the development in this area, and will soon be available as an update to Stata 7. For these models, the random unobservable frailty effects are assumed to follow either a gamma or inverse-Gaussian distribution, but are constrained to be equal over those observations from a given group or panel. Frailty models and shared frailty models for parametric regression with survival data will be discussed, along with avenues for future development at Stata Corp. in this area, in particular, an application of the frailty principle to Cox regression. Series: United Kingdom Stata Users' Group Meeting, 2001


Background. Severe anterior post-burn contracture (PBC) of the neck poses the anaesthesiologist some difficult problems and results in difficult intubation when extension of the atlanto-occipital joint is impaired. Such patients must therefore have the PBC scar released before other procedures are performed, in order to ensure airway control. Objectives. To show our experience with quick surgical neck release of patients with severe anterior PBC of the neck to facilitate direct laryngoscopy and orotracheal intubation (OTI). Material and methods. A prospective study of patients with severe anterior PBC of the neck was carried out from January 2003 to December 2007 in the Burns Unit of Mosul Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. The patients were given ketamine, after which a release incision was made over the anterior PBC of the neck scar. OTI was then performed successfully. Results. Twelve patients with severe neck PBC (3 males, 9 females; age range, 7-37 yr; mean age, 20 yr) all had successful OTI after PBC release under intravenous ketamine. None showed any complications attributed to the anaesthesia.


The need for frequent insulin injections to achieve optimal glycemic control remains a major barrier to initiating and maintaining insulin therapy in diabetes. The inhaled route of insulin administration offers many potential advantages. However, there are ongoing concerns regarding the pulmonary safety of inhaled insulin. Published studies reporting pulmonary safety and data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration were reviewed. All studies were open-label, included adult subjects with type 1 and 2 diabetes, and excluded patients with underlying lung disease. Inhaled insulin was compared with subcutaneous insulin and oral agents. Inhaled insulin is associated with small, consistent reductions in lung function, primarily forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)). The small reductions in lung function occurred early (within 12 weeks) and did not progress over time. The magnitudes of the reductions were 30-50 mL for FEV(1) and 0.5-1.0 standard units for DL(CO). Collectively, the data indicate that inhaled insulin is safe in studies with duration up to 4 years. The Food and Drug Administration requires monitoring of lung function on a regular basis.


This paper summarizes the results of processing GPS data from the AMSAT Phase 3D (AP3) satellite for real-time navigation and post-processed orbit determination experiments. AP3 was launched into a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) on November 16, 2000 from Kourou, French Guiana, and then was maneuvered into its HEO over the next several months. It carries two Trimble TANS Vector GPS receivers for signal reception at apogee and at perigee. Its spin stabilization mode currently makes it favorable to track GPS satellites from the backside of the constellation while at perigee, and to track GPS satellites from below while at perigee. To date, the experiment has demonstrated that it is feasible to use GPS for navigation and orbit determination in HEO, which will be of great benefit to planned and proposed missions that will utilize such orbits for science observations. It has also shown that there are many important operational considerations to take into account. For example, GPS signals can be tracked above the constellation at altitudes as high as 58000 km, but sufficient amplification of those weak signals is needed. Moreover, GPS receivers can track up to 4 GPS satellites at perigee while moving as fast as 9.8 km/sec, but unless the receiver can maintain lock on the signals long enough, point solutions will be difficult to generate. The spin stabilization of AP3, for example, appears to cause signal levels to fluctuate as other antennas on the satellite block the signals. As a result, its TANS Vectors have been unable to lock on to the GPS signals long enough to down load the broadcast ephemeris and then generate position and velocity solutions. AP3 is currently in its eclipse season, and thus most of the spacecraft subsystems have been powered off. In Spring 2002, they will again be powered up and AP3 will be placed into a three-axis stabilization mode. This will significantly enhance the likelihood that point solutions can be generated, and perhaps more important, that the receiver clock can be synchronized to GPS time. This is extremely important for real-time and post-processed orbit determination, where removal of receiver clock bias from the data time tags is needed, for time-tagging of science observations. Current analysis suggests that the inability to generate point solutions has allowed the TANS Vector clock bias to drift freely, being perhaps as large as 5-7 seconds by October, 2001, thus causing up to 50 km of along-track orbit error. The data collected in May, 2002 while in three-axis stabilized mode should provide a significant improvement in the orbit determination results. Introduction This report summarizes the efforts to date in processing GPS data from the AMSAT Phase 3D (AP3) satellite. Thus far, the data have been processed primarily to examine GPS satellites tracked, signal levels, Doppler shifts, etc. Selected data sets have also been processed to determine the AP3 orbit from the GPS pseudorange and carrier phase data. The preliminary results suggest that GPS-based orbit determination is feasible for satellites in a highly elliptical orbit (HEO), but there are many important considerations to take into account if such an approach is to operationally support science missions. AP3 was launched into a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) on November 16, 2000 from Kourou, French Guiana, and then was maneuvered into its HEO over the next several months. Transponder operation started on May 5, 2001. It carries two Trimble TANS Vector GPS receivers: the A receiver for receiving signals at apogee and the B https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020060774 2020-02-07T07:26:01+00:00Z


Campylobacter jejuni is one of the important bacterial pathogens causing entero-invasive diarrhea; however, C. jejuni infection is rarely complicated by bacteremia or extra-intestinal localization. In the domestic literature, the majority of the relevant reports have focused on Campylobacter fetus, which causes bacteremia more frequently than enteritis, but there are no reports of C. jejuni bacteremia in Korea. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain. Blood cultures revealed curved Gram-negative bacilli and small, mucoid, gray colonies on blood agar plates at 37C. Biochemical tests showed oxidase-positive colonies. To confirm the species, 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed. The isolate exhibited 99.7% homology to C. jejuni subsp. jejuni. The patient was treated with third-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside and had negative blood cultures after three days of treatment. She fully recovered within four days with no complications. (Korean J Clin Microbiol 2011;14:110-114)


Sentencing studies consistently show that male offenders receive more severe sentences than females. However, theory-based explanations for gender disparities in sentencing, which posit lenience is partially based on caregiver status, may be less relevant for crimes against children. This study leverages Pennsylvania Sentencing Commission data to assess sentence type and length among adults convicted of child neglect or physical abuse between 2006 and 2016. Employing bivariate and multivariate statistics, we found that, although female perpetrators make up the majority of child neglect and physical abuse perpetrators in the Child Protective Services system, they are a minority of those convicted. If convicted, women received less harsh sentences than men, consistent with the disparate gender patterns found in general criminal sentencing research.


The new Hamiltonian formulation of complex general relativity first given by Ashtekar (1986) is derived from an action principle for connections in a bundle isomorphic with the complexified tangent bundle. On introducing spinors or orthonormal frames one obtains the theory in the spinorial or triad form respectively, as given by Jacobson and Smolin (1987), and Goldberg (1988). The more usual spinorial or triad Hamiltonian formalisms for real Lorentzian gravity are also recovered. In the present derivation stress is put on geometrical structures involved. Spinors are introduced in two different from standard ways, which causes some structural simplifications to occur in the general complex case. The role of reality conditions is expounded.


Structural and stratigraphic evidence from the Oligo-Miocene John Day Formation in north-central Oregon indicates that the regional structural trends were formed during early Tertiary time prior to deposition of the John Day Formation, and that a period of deformation began late in John Day time and continued into Picture Gorge Basalt time. The Monument Dike Swarm is at right angles to the tightest structures formed in late John Day time. The short time span involved for this period of deformation, the outpouring of basalt, and the establishment of the right-angle relation of dike swarm to fold trend suggests that the three events are related. The Blue Mountain anticline, which extends from the vicinity of Prineville to the region of the Wallowa Mountains in northeastern Oregon, has had a long-time controlling influence on structural patterns of the region, perhaps since mid-Paleozoic time, and appears to be the result of a major deep-seated earth feature, the nature of which is not known.


The aim of this article is both an attempt to identify the relationship between various disciplines of management sciences (change management, process management) and the reference to the issue of their integration. This seems to be a significant problem in the context of the inevitability of making changes in the organization (with a relatively fast pace), and still rising complexity of the organization, with at the same time decreasing of their operations recurrence. The article is a review − it integrates and interprets the current state of knowledge in the area of change management, processes management and projects management, pointing to the need and opportunities for integration/symbiosis of various sub-disciplines of management. It was developed primarily using the critical analysis of literature.


In many industries, value added services are increasingly provided by value networks. Such value networks are enabled by information technologies, allowing for a flexible transmission of information products. New technical capabilities are a key driver for further development. Universities and companies face similar challenges in order to respond flexibly to new requirements. This article examines technical and organizational potentials of cloud computing with regard to ubiquitous information products and services in value networks. Technically, the virtualization technology enables the efficient use of resources in a value network. From the organizational perspective, cloud computing itself is structured as a value network and supports exchange relationships between the actors. Cloud computing improved technically and organizationally, thereby fostering a sustainable development of value networks for ubiquitous information products and services.


Autism (MIM 209850) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder of unknown aetiology with profound consequences for patients and their families. Strong evidence from twin and family studies indicates the importance of genetic factors in the development of idiopathic autism, although it is clear that these influences are complex. This review focuses on recent molecular investigations to identify susceptibility loci implicated in autistic disorder.


Teaching environmental science to non-STEM majors provides several challenges. EVPP 110 (Ecosphere I: Introduction to Environmental Science) has no pre-requisites, so students come with different levels of previous science education. Reasons for enrollment differ: some students having a strong interest in the subject, while others enrolled to fulfill degree requirements. In teaching the lab section of this course, I emphasized the connections between natural science, social science and cultural science to increase student engagement. Goals were 1) demonstrate that conservation goes beyond science and is at the nexus of many disciplines; and 2) show students how this material relates to their own field. One method was to create extra credit field trip opportunities to places like Huntley Meadows Park, a wetland that was once slated to become a waste disposal site. To receive credit, students wrote short papers on their experiences, plants and animals observed, the history of the park and connections to conservation. Guest speakers from GMU organizations were invited into the lab, including those from the Rooftop Greenhouse and the Honey Bee Initiative, to offer tours and volunteer opportunities. This work has benefitted my own Ph.D. research by helping me tailor content for non-scientists, including policymakers, NGOs and the private sector. This is particularly relevant to my efforts to conserve American eel (Anguilla rostrata), which is not usually a charismatic species. I recommend other graduate students consider implementing an interdisciplinary approach to teaching core courses to take into account the cultural and intellectual diversity of the Mason community.For more information about teaching in the disciplines:A' https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/teaching-in-the-disciplines


On a purely logical basis it is obvious that when middle-ear adhesions prevent the ossicular chain from operating in a normal fashion the simplest procedure to follow is that of somehow breaking up the adhesions so that the mobility of the connection between tympanic membrane and oval window is restored. More than three-fourths of a century ago such techniques were tried with varying degrees of success. Speaking in terms of present-day audiometry, however, the techniques for measuring hearing were nowhere near as quantitative as those existing today and success was measured generally in terms of any noticeable improvement in hearing the spoken voice. Even with this generous (to the surgeon) method of determining "successful" surgery it was soon obvious that, to be specific, attempts to mobilize the stapes to restore hearing in cases of otosclerosis were not restoring hearing in more than about 25% of the patients. The "progress" of


The development of facile, rapid and cost-effective strategies for sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers in human samples is of great significance for early diagnosis of malignant tumors related diseases. In this work, we develop a high-performance electrochemical biosensor based on highly active dual nanozyme amplified system, i.e., ultrathin two-dimension (2D) conductive metal-organic framework (C-MOF) nanosheets (NSs) decorated with high-density ultrafine gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs), and explore its application in sensitive detection of cancer biomarker H2O2 in live cells. The C-MOF NSs {i.e., Cu-HHTP (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene)-NSs} provide large surface area and abundant active open metal sites (Cu-O4), which could improve the catalytic activity of Cu-HHTP-NSs towards H2O2. Moreover, abundant exposed O atoms also serve as anchor sites for the deposition of high-density ultrafine Au-NPs (∼3 nm) without agglomeration. Owing to the synergistic contributions of high catalytic activity of Cu-HHTP-NSs and Au-NPs as well as their unique structural and electrical properties, the as-prepared nanohybrid modified electrode exhibits good sensing performances to H2O2 with an extremely low detection limit of 5.6 nM (3σ rules) and a high sensitivity of 188.1 μA cm-2 mM-1. Furthermore, the proposed nanozymatic electrochemical biosensor has been applied in real-time tracking H2O2 released from different human colon cells to identify colon cancer cells from normal colon epithelial cell, which demonstrates its great prospect for early diagnosis and management of various cancer diseases.


The focus of the study is placed on the institute of funded pension, which has been repeatedly transformed throughout its existence. In this regard, the first part of the article analyzes the results of the theoretical comprehension of forming the accumulative element of the pension system, presented in foreign sources, as well as reforms in a number of countries. The next round of reforming the institution of funded pension in the Russian pension system is associated with its transformation from a system of obligatory pension insurance to a system of non-state pension provision. Based on the results of comparative analysis, SWOT analysis, analysis to identify correlation dependencies, the hypothesis is put forward that the transfer of the funded pension to a voluntary format will not lead to the construction of a full-fledged three-tier pension system and will not solve the problem of increasing the level of pension provision for the majority of future Russian pensioners by itself. Despite the fact that the official version of the future configuration of the domestic pension system has not yet been presented, but based on its previous versions developed by the Ministry of Finance and the Bank of Russia (in this regard, a SWOT analysis of the Guaranteed Pension Plan scheme is carried out in the second part of the article), it can be concluded that the main goal of the reform - to establish the status quo for the funds of pension savings "frozen" on the individual pension accounts of insured persons in 2014; to transfer the obligations for a funded pension to the insured persons themselves, making its format voluntary. The risks of such a transformation are already visible: a decrease in the coverage of those who can form such a pension, continued stagnation of the system of non-state pension provision. This was confirmed by the data of the conducted survey of participants and experts on the pension market, who preferred the mandatory format of a funded pension (which is disclosed in the third part of the article). In conclusion, calculations are presented that reveal a direct relationship between the growth of wages and the amount of a funded pension, as well as an inverse relationship between the level of wages and the coefficient of replacement of lost work with a pension. It is concluded that the voluntary formation of a funded pension can be successful if, simultaneously with the reform of the pension system, the salary system is reformed, incentive measures and mechanisms for employers ' participation in this process are developed; the mechanisms of state participation in the formation of a funded pension are defined, guarantees for ensuring the safety of pension savings are legally established. The practical significance of the work is that its results can be used in the development of the final configuration of the Russian pension system.


The effect of chest wall configuration on the diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) was evaluated in five healthy subjects with an esophageal electrode for both interference pattern EMGdi (voluntary contractions) and electrically evoked diaphragm compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). Diaphragm CMAPs (both unilateral and bilateral) were evaluated for the baseline-to-peak amplitude (Ampl), the time from the onset of the CMAP to first peak (T1), root mean square (RMS), and center frequency (CF) values of the CMAP power spectrum. CF values from the interference pattern EMGdi power spectrum were also calculated. For CMAPs obtained at an electrode position least influenced by variations induced by electrode positioning, Ampl increased with diaphragm shortening from functional residual capacity (FRC) to total lung capacity (TLC) by 101 and 98% (unilateral and bilateral, respectively). Bilateral CMAP RMS values increased 116% from FRC to TLC. CMAP T1 values decreased with diaphragm shortening from FRC to TLC by 1.1 and 2.1 ms for the unilateral and bilateral stimulations, respectively, and CF increased for the bilateral diaphragm CMAPs with diaphragm shortening. CF values from the interference pattern EMGdi did not show any consistent change with chest wall configuration. Thus CF values of the interference pattern EMGdi obtained with an esophageal electrode can be considered reliable for physiological interpretation, at any diaphragm length (if electrode positioning and signal contamination are controlled for), contrary to the diaphragm CMAPs, which are sensitive to changes in chest wall configuration. It is speculated that the different results (over the effects of chest wall configuration on interference pattern EMGdi and diaphragm CMAPs) amy be because of summation properties of the signals and how these influence the EMG power spectrum.


A chassis dynamometer study was carried out by the University of Southern California in collaboration with the Air Resources Board (CARB) to investigate the physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics of diesel emissions of particulate matter (PM) from heavy-duty vehicles. These heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) were equipped with advanced emission control technologies, designed to meet CARB retrofit regulations. A HDDV without any emission control devices was used as the baseline vehicle. Three advanced emission control technologies; continuously regenerating technology (CRT), zeolite- and vanadium-based selective catalytic reduction technologies (Z-SCRT and V-SCRT), were tested under transient (UDDS) (1) and cruise (80 kmph) driving cycles to simulate real-world driving conditions. This paper focuses on the characterization of the particle bound organic species from the vehicle exhaust. Physical and chemical properties of PM emissions have been reported by Biswas et al. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 5622-5634) and Hu et al. (Atmos. Environ. 2008, submitted) Significant reductions in the emission factors (microg/mile) of particle bound organic compounds were observed in HDDV equipped with advanced emission control technologies. V-SCRT and Z-SCRT effectively reduced PAHs, hopanes and steranes, n-alkanes and acids by more than 99%, and often to levels below detection limits for both cruise and UDDS cycles. The CRT technology also showed similar reductions with SCRT for medium and high molecular weight PAHs, acids, but with slightly lower removal efficiencies for other organic compounds. Ratios of particle bound organics-to-OC mass (microg/g) from the baseline exhaust were compared with their respective ratios in diesel fuel and lubricating oil, which revealed that hopanes and steranes originate from lubricating oil, whereas PAHs can either form during the combustion process or originate from diesel fuel itself. With the introduction of emission control technologies, the particle bound organics-to-OC ratios (microg/g) decreased considerably for PAHs, while the reduction was insignificant for hopanes and steranes, implying that fuel and lubricating oil have substantially different contributions to the total OC emitted by vehicles operating with after-treatment control devices compared to the baseline vehicle since these control technologies had a much larger impact on PAH OC than hopanes and steranes OC.


The High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter provides remotely sensed imagery at the highest spatial resolution at 25–50 cm/pixel of the surface of Mars. However, due to the spatial resolution being so high, the total area covered by HiRISE targeted stereo acquisitions is very limited. This results in a lack of the availability of high-resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) which are better than 1 m/pixel. Such high-resolution DTMs have always been considered desirable for the international community of planetary scientists to carry out fine-scale geological analysis of the Martian surface. Recently, new deep learning-based techniques that are able to retrieve DTMs from single optical orbital imagery have been developed and applied to single HiRISE observational data. In this paper, we improve upon a previously developed single-image DTM estimation system called MADNet (1.0). We propose optimisations which we collectively call MADNet 2.0, which is based on a supervised image-to-height estimation network, multi-scale DTM reconstruction, and 3D co-alignment processes. In particular, we employ optimised single-scale inference and multi-scale reconstruction (in MADNet 2.0), instead of multi-scale inference and single-scale reconstruction (in MADNet 1.0), to produce more accurate large-scale topographic retrieval with boosted fine-scale resolution. We demonstrate the improvements of the MADNet 2.0 DTMs produced using HiRISE images, in comparison to the MADNet 1.0 DTMs and the published Planetary Data System (PDS) DTMs over the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover's landing site at Oxia Planum. Qualitative and quantitative assessments suggest the proposed MADNet 2.0 system is capable of producing pixel-scale DTM retrieval at the same spatial resolution (25 cm/pixel) of the input HiRISE images.


There are many environmental, occupational and medical substances that cause dysregulation of autoimmunity. Among these substances, the effects and causative mechanisms of silica particles and asbestos fibers are discussed in this review. Many epidemiological studies have shown a significant association between silica exposure and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-related vasculitis. Although the importance of NALP3 inflammasome as the initial immune reaction against silica particles has been recognized, the processes that form the various autoimmune diseases in silica-exposed patients remain unclear. Silica can activate various immune cells and cause an unbalance of regulatory T cells, responder T cells and T helper 17 cells, which might be key factors in understanding the silica-induced autoimmune alteration. In contrast, asbestos exposure shows a smaller association with autoimmune diseases. However, interesting findings have been reported regarding anti-endothelial and mesothelial cell antibodies detected in asbestos-exposed patients. Further investigations may contribute to elucidation of the mechanisms involved in environmental factor-induced modification of autoimmunity. doi:10.11482/KMJ-E42(1)15 (Accepted on May 11, 2016)


Having on several journeys, extending over more than twenty years, had occasion to traverse the valley of the Rhine, from the plains between the sea and Cologne to its sources in the Alps, I have long desired to explain, if possible, the physical origin of the valley, and especially of the part that lies between the Drachenfels and Basel. Other occupations for the last thirteen years prevented me from revisiting the greater part of the ground; and I had therefore no opportunity of testing the truth of such hypotheses as had occurred to me. Last summer I revisited the country, spending nearly six weeks on the investigation of the subject; and the following paper embodies the broader conclusions at which I arrived. First, however, it may be useful briefly to sketch the great features of the valley of the Rhine, from its sources to its mouth.


Three boundary value problems involving parallel-plate waveguides terminated in various combinations of electric and magnetic walls are investigated. The analysis leads to infinite sets of linear algebraic equations, which are appropriately truncated and solved on an electronic computer. The results are applied to several problems: to the scattering matrix of the symmetrical four-port junction of parallel-plate or rectangular waveguides; to the symmetrical four-port junction of center strips of a balanced strip-transmission line; to a specially truncated right-angle bend in paralIel-plate and rectangular waveguides; and to mitred bends in strip-transmission lines.


The paper shows the role of study and analysis of systemic properties of the equipment of cockpits for its optimization. This paper describes and classifies pilot's errors caused by disadvantages of the total systemic quality of various components of the equipment. The paper presents methods for eliminating causes of some erroneous actions of pilots.


In this work, the effects of Argon plasma surface modification have been studied on electrospun P(HOLA-e-CL) Clay Nanofiber Compositesin order to investigate the imposed limitation and possibilities to improve surface characteristics on fibrous assemblies. The evolution of induced changes in surface morphology and wettability by the plasma treatment has been characterized for increasing plasma exposure time using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and water contact angle measurements. Exfoliation and dispersion of DEALA MMT within P(HOLA-eCL) matrix was confirmed through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).


Palabras captura de generación Abstract In this research paper, we propose a method to adapt the gaits trajectories of a human being to a humanoid robot. To achieve this goal, first we made an experiments with with two different motion capture systems to obtain the joint trajectories of human walking. The trajectories obtained by motion capture serve as input to a trajectory generator off-line, called dynamic filter that takes into account the kinematic and dynamic constraints necessary to prevent the robot fall while walking. To validate the trajectories, a simulator was used for the robot Bioloid Premium Kit based on the V-Rep environment. After, these were implemented on the real robot. Even though the motion generation is done offline, the dynamics filter is a good option for making in automated way the trajectories generation.


The possibility that radio frequency beam generated electromagnetic interference (EMI) could disrupt the operation of particle detector electronics has been of some concern since the inception of short pulse electron colliders more than 30 years ago [1]. Some instances have been reported where this may have occurred but convincing evidence has not been available. This possibility is of concern for the International Linear Collider (ILC). We have conducted test beam studies demonstrating that electronics disruption does occur using the vertex detector electronics (VXD) from the SLD detector which took data at the SLC at SLAC. We present the results of those tests, and we describe the need for EMI standards for beam and detector instrumentation in the IR region at the ILC.


In this paper I argue that "Crime-Control Vigilantism" is a legitimate response to crimes committed in a "pseudo-state of nature." In the first part, I define and delineate what exactly is meant by "Crime-Control Vigilantism," explaining the six major characteristics that most philosopher agree make certain actions vigilantism.
In section two I explain John Locke's conception of the "Natural Executive Right," the right all men have in a state a nature. It is from the voluntary transfer of this right to a governing state or established order that the state acquires the rights to make and enforce laws. However, when the state is disbanded or fails in some crucial duties, the "Natural Executive Right" is transferred back to every man.
In the third section of the paper I define what I call "pseudo-states of nature" and apply Locke's conception of the "Natural Executive Right" to prove that vigilantism is permissible in such circumstances. Roughly, pseudo-states of nature are situations in which the state has failed to function in some important way, such as crime control or the protection of its citizens, yet still exists as a framework of laws and ideals. Because the state has failed in a crucial way, it is akin to the state of nature in that respect, and so the natural right to punish—the "Natural Executive Right"—is returned to the citizens of such a state, allowing for extra-legal or vigilante, punishment.
Lastly, I discuss some of the problems and objections against vigilantism, including Alon Harel's integrationist argument. I also delineate and address several other objections to vigilantism, concluding that in a state or "pseudo-state of nature" where the established order has failed in some vital duties, vigilantism is a legitimate and just recourse when punishing wrongdoers.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a huge epidemiological burden and is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterized by chronic inflammation and bacterial colonization. Chronic bacterial colonization leads to chronic inflammation and epithelial damage that in turn may increase bacterial colonization and predispose to acute bacterial infection. Acute exacerbations are a major cause of hospitalization and lead to a deterioration in pulmonary function. Antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations is a cornerstone of medical treatment. Conversely, the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in COPD in the stable state is controversial. From a theoretical point of view, antibiotic prophylaxis is intriguing as it could break the vicious circle between chronic bacterial colonization, inflammation and epithelial damage; however, evidence is scarce. This paper reviews the literature and focuses on the most recent data shedding light on this fascinating dilemma.


The study was designed to find out the cerebral hemispheres oscillations in stimuli processing during the 24-hour period of wakefulness in isolated subjects remaining in a monotonous environment. Stimuli processing speed from the 24-hour constant routine periods (06.00-06.00 h) of a larger experiment were analysed for the purpose of this paper. Parallel sets of words and pictures were exposed laterally using a purpose-designed computer program. The subjects reacted to pictures or words by pressing appropriate buttons. The significant dominant ultradian rhythms (around 4 h) in the processing speed of words addressed to the right hemisphere were found and of pictures addressed to the left hemisphere. Longer significant dominant periodicities (around 12 h) appeared in the processing speed of words addressed to the left hemisphere and of pictures (around 8 h) addressed to the right hemisphere. Ultradian rhythmicity of the central nervous system functioning is suggested.


(Received April 6, 1971) The basic mechanism in the rapid decrease of the saturation magnetization of Ni-base dilute alloys with increasing concentration of non-transition elements is elucidated by carrying out an ab initio calculation with the use of the pseudo-Greenian method which was developed previously for the general use in the calculation of electronic structure of metals and alloys. It is the essential point of the mechanism that the number of s and p symmetry states be low the Fermi level does not change very much even in the presence of a deep impurity potential because of the interference between the d band and the OPW state of host Ni. A useful expression of the Greenian of pure Ni which is needed in the calculation is derived also by use of the pseudo-Greenian method.


We report a case of massive upper-limb edema necessitating disarticulation, in a cancer survivor who tended to ignore instructions regarding preventive exercises since 2002 after completion of her treatment for breast cancer. However, she was in a family situation where she was constrained to physically involve in daily chores. Consequently, she presented 14 years later with a lymphedematous arm which weighed over 31 kg, necessitating disarticulation. We highlight the role of preventive exercises in postmastectomy patients and also the efficacy of continuous nerve block techniques in preventing the development of phantom limb pain in cases of disarticulation and amputation. The role of family support for a working female cancer survivor in a country like India needs to be addressed. We salute her commitment to her family as also her grit and determination. Shoulder disarticulation was the last choice for this woman. We also want to highlight the role of the community in monitoring and preventing such disasters.


According to national hospice data in Hungary, approximately 1,600 healthcare employees and volunteers work in hospice care (country population of 9.9 million). The aim of the study was to identify and examine influential relationships among several variables that may affect well-being among female hospice workers. Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted utilising survey responses of 179 female hospice workers, including 79 nurses. Path analysis revealed that work over-commitment (being employed in more than one job) contributed to decreased psychological well-being through increased perceived stress, sleep difficulties and vital exhaustion. A greater sense of coherence was associated with lower levels of subjective stress, depressive symptoms and vital exhaustion and negatively correlated with over-commitment. Overall, even though the physical and mental burden of the workers is increasing because of increased use of hospice, according to these results, most still engaged in hospice work. Deeper analysis of the sense of coherence may point to development of effective interventions that can help maintain well-being of hospice workers and reduce attrition.


Brain tumors are the most common malignant neurologic tumors with the highest mortality and disability rate. Because of the delicate structure of the brain, the clinical use of several commonly used biopsy diagnosis is limited for brain tumors. Radiomics is an emerging technique for noninvasive diagnosis based on quantitative medical image analyses. However, current radiomics techniques are not standardized regarding feature extraction, feature selection, and decision making. In this paper, we propose a sparse representation-based radiomics (SRR) system for the diagnosis of brain tumors. First, we developed a dictionary learning- and sparse representation-based feature extraction method that exploits the statistical characteristics of the lesion area, leading to fine and more effective feature extraction compared with the traditional explicitly calculation-based methods. Then, we set up an iterative sparse representation method to solve the redundancy problem of the extracted features. Finally, we proposed a novel multi-feature collaborative sparse representation classification framework that introduces a new coefficient of regularization term to combine features from multi-modal images at the sparse representation coefficient level. Two clinical problems were used to validate the performance and usefulness of the proposed SRR system. One was the differential diagnosis between primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and glioblastoma (GBM), and the other was isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 estimation for gliomas. The SRR system had superior PCNSL and GBM differentiation performance compared with some advanced imaging techniques and yielded 11% better performance for estimating IDH1 compared with the traditional radiomics methods.


Femtocells are low-power, low cost, backward compatible and portable wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator's network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections. Femtocells are taken as a promising option today by mobile operators for improving coverage and provide high-data-rate services in a low cost manner. Femtocells are installed at locations where users are experiencing unsatisfactory radio coverage or they require high-data-rate. There are many technical challenges for femtocells but the main technical challenge is the efficient location management. The conventional location management mechanism will not work efficiently in NGWN (Next Generation Wireless Networks) in future. This paper analyzes the technical issues and proposes an efficient location management mechanism for NGWN femtocells. Here, we have taken the paging delay and paging cost issues for performance analysis, which will show the effectiveness and advantages of the mechanism. The proposed mechanism can be taken into consideration for implementing it at a large scale in NWGN networks.


I write to provide clarification to the recent JVIM publication on seizure disorders in goats and sheep by Chigerwe and Aleman. The authors are to be commended for this analysis, as reports of seizure disorders in large animal species are few. The seizures in the reported subjects were mostly nonepileptic and primarily the result of polioencephalomalacia—approximately 40% of the goats and 60% of the sheep—but the subjects nevertheless presented initially with seizures. I would be remiss in failing to point out an error made by the authors in their abstract, however, where they stated that "Currently, no reports describing seizure disorders in goats and sheep are available." They also stated that "Goats and sheep are more likely to be presented for examination for seizures than are cattle". We have previously reported a case of focal epilepsy in a Nubian goat and generalized epilepsy in a Hereford cow. Both cases were true epilepsy but initially presented clinically just as seizure disorders. Both case workups included extensive electroencephalographic and pharmacologic evaluations. As a consequence, such cases are probably less rare than suggested by the authors.