Chromosome 13 deletion (Δ13) is one the most common genetic abnormalities observed in multiple myeloma (MM) and confers a poor prognosis. Studies to identify critical tumor suppressor genes in MM till date have lack adequate resolution, and the molecular phenotype associated with Δ13 has not been established. In this study we seek to establish a molecular profile for Δ13 and to finely map the minimal common region of deletion (CDR) on chromosome 13 by using gene expression profiling (GEP) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). GEP was performed on RNA from purified plasma cells of 72 newly diagnosed MM and 50 human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) using the Affymetrix U133A chip and U133plus chip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) respectively. Patients were assigned TC classes which correlates with underlying genetic subtypes. In addition, aCGH was performed on 79 MM samples (36 with GEP data) and 50 myeloma cell lines (HMCLs; 48 with GEP data) using a platform utilizing 60-mer oligonucleotides (Human Genome CGH 44B Oligo Microarrays, Agilent Technologies), which have a resolution of about 70Kb. Raw data was extracted using the Feature Extraction 8.1 and visualized using CGH Analytics 3.2 (Agilent Technologies). To define a signature that reflects the biological consequences of Δ13 and not its close association with some genetic subtypes of MM (example, t(4;14) and t(14;16)), we selected a training cohort consisting of cases belonging to D1, D2, 11q13 and none TC class such that cases with and without Δ13 are balanced for ploidy and TC classes (n=28). A 152-gene Δ13 signature was identified. Its specificity was confirmed by leave-one-out cross validation using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) class prediction algorithm (predictive accuracy of 100% in the training cohort). It was subsequently validated in a validation cohort that includes t(4;14) and t(14;16) that were not use to derive this gene signature, maintaining a high predictive accuracy (88%). This gene-set may therefore reflect core transcriptional consequences of Δ13 and is enriched for genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Using aCGH, 20 patients have Δ13 (mostly whole chromosome) all involving the 13q14–q21 region. Of the 32 HMCLs with Δ13 (whole chromosome or interstitial), 22 have mono-allelic loss of RB1 whereas 4 had bi-allelic loss. Besides RB1 , bi-allelic loss of several other genes in the 13q14–q21 region ( CYSLTR2, CDADC1, ITM2B, PCDH9 ) was also observed. As the CDR is large and contains a number of genes, we utilized a set of criteria (bi-allelic loss in HMCLs, within 13q14–q21 CDR, gene expression significantly correlated with copy number, and loss could explain molecular phenotype) to narrow down the potential candidates. Only RB1 and ITM2B fulfilled these criteria. Furthermore, RB protein levels correlated well with mRNA levels and DNA copy suggesting that even in absence of mutations resulting in bi-allelic loss, mono-allelic loss of RB1 could be tumorigenic through a haploinsufficiency mechanism.


We report here a detailed experimental study to demonstrate the effect of source spectral characteristics such as spectral bandwidth (Deltalambda), peak wavelength (lambda(0)), and shape of the spectrum on the spectral shifts and spectral switches measured due to temporal correlation in a white-light Michelson interferometer operated in the spectral domain. Behavior of the spectral switch characteristics such as the switch position, switch amplitude, and switch symmetry are discussed in detail as a function of optical path difference between the interfering beams. The experimental results are compared with numerical calculations carried out using interference law in the spectral domain with modified source spectral characteristics. On the basis of our results we feel that our study is of critical importance in the selection of source spectral characteristics to further improve the longitudinal resolution or the measurement sensitivity in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and microscopy.


Leukemia poses a serious challenge to current therapeutic strategies. This has been attributed to leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which occupy endosteal and sinusoidal niches in the bone marrow similar to those of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The signals from these niches provide a viable setting for the maintenance, survival, and fate specifications of these stem cells. Advancements in genetic engineering and microscopy have enabled us to critically deconstruct and analyze the anatomic and functional characteristics of these niches to reveal a wealth of new knowledge in HSC biology, which is quite ahead of LSC biology. In this paper, we examine the present understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing HSC niches, with the goals of providing a framework for understanding the mechanisms of LSC regulation and suggesting future strategies for their elimination.


PURPOSE
In this study, the noise reduction properties of the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (IR) on two different CT scanners of 64 and 256-slice were compared and their differences were assessed.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
The homogeneous module of the ACR CT phantom was scanned on the 64 and 256 slices CT scanners from the same vendor in the range of 15 to 40 mA. On each scanner, the data were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP) and at all strengths of IR with the STANDARD kernel. For each reconstruction, a 3D noise power spectrum (NPS) was calculated and the central frequency ratio in the xy plane (CFRxy ), CFR in the z-direction (CFRz ), and noise magnitude ratio (NMR) were derived. CFR is the central frequency ratio of NPS between the denoised image and the FBP image, and NMR is the ratio of the areas under the NPS curves. Ideally, both CFRxy and CFRz should be near 1, indicating minimal texture changes in both xy and z directions, while NMR should be as close to 0 as possible, indicating more noise reduction.

RESULTS
When comparing at strengths with equivalent impact on noise texture, IR on the 64-slice reduced the noise magnitude in the xy plane more than that on the 256-slice. In the z-direction, the IR on the 256-slice produced a central frequency shift on the 256-slice but not on the 64-slice. In addition, the noise reduction effects of the IR on the 256-slice were affected when radiation exposure below 2.0 mGy, but there was no observable dose-dependence on the 64-slice.

CONCLUSIONS
Our noise property analysis revealed that iterative reconstructions on different scanner platforms from the same vendor can be distinct, with unique effects on the noise texture and magnitude in CT images. The IR on 64-slice scanner provides slightly enhanced noise reduction and maintains a noise reduction rate independent of dose, unlike the one on 256-slice scanner. Notably, the IR on the 64-slice scanner was a 2D noise reduction technique (NRT) while the one on the 256-slice was a 3D NRT. These observations showcase the impact of different NRTs on clinical CT images, even when comparing the same NRT on different scanners.


Respiratory involvement is an almost constant feature of als, with a usually rapid progression leading to respiratory failure. These characteristics justify a close follow up, usually at three-month intervals. A systematic, careful clinical evaluation is essential to detect the subtle respiratory symptoms and signs related to respiratory muscle failure. Dyspnea and orthopnea are often late findings in patients with a usually severe functional impairment due to peripheral muscle weakness. Nocturnal respiratory events (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypoventilation) are strongly suggested by daytime hypersomnolence and frequent morning headaches. Physical evaluation is essential to detect accessory muscle recruitment, supine abdominal paradox, and encumbrance of upper or lower airways. Vital capacity (VC) is the most classical lung function test. The major limitation of spirometry is its poor sensitivity to detect a moderate inspiratory muscle weakness. Supine VC may improve the detection of diaphragmatic involvement. Peak expiratory flow during cough (cough PEF) gives an overall evaluation of cough efficiency, values below 160 to 270 L/min suggesting poor airway clearance. Arterial blood gases are performed at first evaluation and subsequently in case of clinical signs, significant deterioration of lung function tests, or sleep desaturations. Hypercapnia is weakly related to lung function results in bulbar patients. A specific evaluation of respiratory muscle strength is mandatory, as these tests are both sensitive and highly prognostic. Possible discrepancies (particularly in bulbar patients) between Maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) justify to perform both measurements and to select the highest pressure. A maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax) below 45 cm H2O may indicate a compromised cough efficiency but the correlation with cough PEF may be poor. Screening nocturnal oxymetry is useful to detect sleep apneas and hypoventilation. Criteria defining significant desaturations remain however controversial. Suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on clinical grounds or oxymetry findings should be confirmed by a conventional polysomnography.


In this article we make theoretical predictions of the thermal rate coefficients for a series of elementary reactions on a C3H7 potential. Perhaps most importantly, we study the association/dissociation reactions for n-C3H7 and i-C3H7 [CH3 + C2H4(+M) ⇄ n-C3H7(+M), C3H6 + H(+M) ⇄ n-C3H7(+M), and C3H6 + H(+M) ⇄ i-C3H7(+M)], where n-C3H7 and i-C3H7 are the propyl radicals and C3H6 is propene. However, in order to provide more information for our kinetic model, we have also included analyses of the association/elimination reaction [C3H6 + H ⇄ CH3 + C2H4] and the abstraction reactions [C3H6 + H ⇄ CH2CHCH2 + H2, C3H6 + H ⇄ CH3CCH2 + H2, C3H6 + H ⇄ CH3CHCH + H2, and CH3 + C2H4 ⇄ CH4 + C2H3]. The theory employs high-level electronic-structure methods to characterize the potential energy surface, conventional transition-state theory to calculate k(T) for the abstraction reactions, RRKM theory to calculate microcanonical, J-resolved rate coefficients for the dissociation processes, and master-equation methods to determine phenomenological rate coefficients k(T,p), for all of the nonabstraction reactions. The agreement between our theory and the experimental results available is remarkably good. The final results are cast in a form that is convenient for chemical kinetics modeling.


This paper proposes a 6-DoF measurement method for industrial parts with complex shape based on monocular vision. Offline template library building, image layering preprocessing and evolutionary optimization matching are studied. Firstly, a 3D model is created using the CAD file of the target part, and a matching template library of the target model with multiple pose information under different observation directions is established offline. This method of creating a matching model based on CAD files extends the matching algorithm to space 6-DOF pose detection for complex structural parts. Then the improved Chamfer Match method is used to process the image, and the distance map is layered by the edge inclination angle, so that the established matching degree function between the image and the template has higher sensitivity and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved. Finally, the evolutionary optimal search Genetic Algorithm is used to further improve the matching efficiency. We build a monocular vision measurement system to perform 6-DOF measurement experiments of two industrial parts with different structures, and also evaluate the dynamic tracking abilities. The results show that the position measurement error of this method is within 2mm, the attitude measurement error is about 3°, and the single measurement time is within 500ms. It basically meets the requirement of real-time tracking of dynamic targets.


A Pichia pastoris cell‐surface display system was constructed using a Flo1p anchor system, which was developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The lipase fromRhizopus oryzae with a pro sequence (ProROL) was used as the model protein and was genetically fused to the anchor consisting of amino acids 1–1099 of Flo1p (FS anchor). The resulting fusion protein FSProROL was expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (pAOX1). The fluorescence microscopy of immunolabeled P. pastoris cells revealed that ProROL was displayed on the cell surface, and Western blot analysis revealed that the fusion protein FSProROL was noncovalently attached to the cell wall and highly glycosylated. The lipase activity of P. pastoris cells was affected by the methanol concentration for the induction phase. Surprisingly, the activity of lipase displayed on the cells incubated at 60 °C was not only stable but also increased to about 6.5 times the initial value after 4 h incubation.


Much progress has been made in recent years on the diagnostic value, Ag specificity, and pathogenic roles of autoantibodies correlated to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. However, carbohydrate Ag-specific autoantibodies that may also play important roles in RA have largely been ignored. In this article, we report that serum levels of Abs capable of recognizing α1,4-polygalacturonic acid [(PGA); major structural component of pectin] strongly correlate with RA in humans. The measurements of PGA-specific Abs (PGA-Abs) in sera are comparable to rheumatoid factors and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide Abs as serological diagnostic markers for RA in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Immunohistochemical staining results indicate that the PGA-Abs selectively bound synovial membrane cells and chondrocytes in the joints of both humans and rabbits (but not rodents). Induction of PGA-Abs by s.c. immunization of rabbits with carrier protein–conjugated synthetic PGA led to severe inflammatory reactions (synovial hyperplasia, small vessel proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration) in the joints. Injection of affinity purified anti-PGA IgG into the synovial cavity of rabbits resulted in accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β in synovial fluid, as well as local pathological damage. We conclude that the PGA–cross-reactive moiety represents a major autoantigen in the joints and can be targeted by autoantibodies capable of triggering arthritogenic responses in vivo.


Strategy for Enhancing the Quality of Private Schools (Case StudyinSMP X Kab. Semarang). SMP X is one of the private formal educational institutions are faced with the problem how to improve its quality. Research which is conducted in the junior X aims to identify opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses junior X to the right strategic planning to increase quality. This research used qualitative methods. Data obtained from the parties who know the conditions and circumstances of junior X. The results showed there were opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses derived from SMP X. Those factors are dominant factors to improve the quality of junior X, because of deal with eight standardize education. Identification result of situations and conditions, it's formulated several strategies that can be used to improve the quality of SMP X. Some strategies are more focused on quality improvement through learning, fulfillment of infrastructures, quality improvement of educators cooperation programs with other partnersip.


Abstract Objective: To explore the biological function and mechanism of miR-96-5p in gastric cancer. Methods: The expression of differently expressed microRNAs (DEMs) related to gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) prognosis was identified in GAC tumor samples and adjacent normal samples by qRT-PCR. A target gene miR-96-5p was selected using TargetScan, miRTarBase, miRDB databases. The combination of miR-96-5p and ZDHHC5 was verified by luciferase receptor assay. To further study the function and mechanism of miR-96-5p, we treated MGC-803 cells with miR-96-5p inhibitor and si-ZDHHC5, then detected cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion ability, as well as the expression of ZDHHC5, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and COX-2 by Western blot. Results: Compared with adjacent normal samples, the levels of miR-96-5p, miR-222-5p, and miR-652-5p were remarkably increased, while miR-125-5p, miR-145-3p, and miR-379-3p were significantly reduced in GAC tumor samples (P<0.01), which were consistent with bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, ZDHHC5 was defined as a direct target gene of miR-96-5p. miR-96-5p silence significantly reduced cell viability, increased cell apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration and invasion, as well as inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 and COX-2 and promoted Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 level in MGC-803 cells (P<0.01). Notably, ZDHHC5 silence reversed the inhibiting effects of miR-96-5p on MGC-803 cells growth and metastasis Conclusion: Our findings identified six microRNAs (miRNAs; miR-96-5p, miR-222-5p, miR-652-5p, miR-125-5p, miR-145-3p, and miR-379-3p) related to GAC prognosis, and suggested that down-regulated miR-96-5p might inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis via increasing ZDHHC5 expression enhance MGC-803 cell apoptosis, as well as decrease MGC-803 cell metastasis.


This article introduces the definitions of three "probabilities of causation" suggested by Pearl (1999) , which are used to evaluate the causal effect of an exposure on a disease in epidemiological studies. Pearl (1999) and Tian and Pearl (2000a, 2000b) provided identification formulas for three "probabilities of causation" from statistical data under some assumptions. In order to examine the estimation accuracy problem, this article derives variance estimators for three "probabilities of causation" correspondent to each case in Pearl (1999) and at the same time clarify their properties. In addition, we conduct simulation experiments and show that the proposed method can approximate sufficiently to the variance of "probabilities of causation." The results of this article provide a complete framework for using "probabilities of causation" effectively in order to analyze responsibility and susceptibility in epidemiological studies.


Bismuth(III) hexafluoroacetylacetonate reacts readily with the first row transition-metal species to produce trinuclear heterobimetallic coordination complexes Bi2M(beta-diketonate)8 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn). This unique, general approach may offer new possibilities for developing single-source molecular precursors for advance oxide materials.


Ecosystems and human health are directly affected by atmospheric ammonia, by unbalancing the vegetation nutrient cycle and causing respiratory troubles both directly and through the formation of fine particles. In Europe, agricultural practices are the dominant source of atmospheric ammonia. It is released to the atmosphere by volatilization of fertilizer applied to soils and decay of organic matter. Then, it reacts with acids (such as sulphuric, nitric and chlorine acids) or nitrogen oxides (all produced in high concentrations from anthropogenic activities) to produce ammonium aerosols, whose concentrations over Europe and Paris megacity are particularly high during springtime pollution events, as occurred in 2014 and 2015.

Difficulties for measuring ammonia by in situ techniques are induced by its polarity, which causes accumulation in inlets and sampling tubes. Remote sensing is therefore a valuable alternative method to measure ammonia, without direct interaction with the sample. Measurements of ammonia total atmospheric columns using the OASIS observatory are routinely made in the Paris suburbs since 2009 using a medium spectral resolution BRUKER Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Spectra of radiation emitted by the sun and absorbed by the atmosphere were recorded every 10 minutes, under clear sky conditions, enabling the observation of the diurnal evolution of ammonia concentrations.

Our work provides a new analyse of the diurnal evolution of ammonia over the Paris megacity during springtime pollution events. For this, we use measurements of total atmospheric columns of ammonia derived from the ground-based OASIS observatory for the first time and from satellite approaches, such as that from IASI and other available satellites. Furthermore, this study takes into account the influence of meteorological conditions and atmospheric chemical composition, of gaseous and particulate phases, from surface measurements simultaneously performed at Palaiseau, in the Paris region.


The surface modification of the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) coated with Tin oxide by sol-gel route was investigated and various treatments such as microwave irradiation, sonication were employed and the structural, morphological and photoluminescence analysis were studied. X -ray diffraction pattern exhibits the tetragonal structure with (1 1 0),(1 0 1), (2 1 1) strong peaks. The microwave assisted samples had well grown structure. The surface morphology of SnO2 coated MWCNTs shows the modified surface of the CNTs. The room temperature photoluminescence analysis shows blue and green emission peaks. The calculated stokes shift lies between 2.5-3.5 eV which shows the band gap value of Tin oxide.


We present an atomistic 3-D simulation study of the performance of graphene-nanoribbon (GNR) Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors (SBFETs) and transistors with doped reservoirs (MOSFETs) by means of the self-consistent solution of the Poisson and Schrodinger equations within the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism. Ideal MOSFETs show slightly better electrical performance for both digital and terahertz applications. The impact of nonidealities on device performance has been investigated, taking into account the presence of single vacancy, edge roughness, and ionized impurities along the channel. In general, MOSFETs show more robust characteristics than SBFETs. Edge roughness and single-vacancy defect largely affect the performance of both device types.


s of papers to be submitted should be sent to the organizers until 15 January 1999. 11 World Congress of the International Industrial Relations Association (IIRA) "Developing competitiveness and social justice: the interplay between institutions and social partners", 22-26 September 1999, Bologna, Italy. Info: Congress secretariat, IIRA Congress, Sinnea International, Via Ronco, 3 I-40013 Castelmaggiore (BO), Italy. Phone: ++39-51632 9511, Fax: ++39-51-632 5050. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. EURODATA Newsletter No.7 36 EURODATA Research Archive The EURODATA Research Archive is an infrastructural unit of the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES) at the University of Mannheim (Germany). The archive has two basic objectives which are closely related to each other: • to provide an adequate data infrastructure for the Centre's comparative research on European societies and European integration; • to contribute to the establishment of a European infrastructure for comparative social research. EURODATA's work is structured by own medium-term development and three-annual work plans, relating to three areas of activity: • the systematic and continuous provision of metainformation on official statistics and social science data from the private sector (information archive); • the development and maintenance of a library with statistical publications from statistical institutes, ministries, para-official institutions and certain intermediary organisations from the private sector (statistics library); • the provision of computerised information, with a particular focus on the development of an integrated file system with historical time series and institutional information (file archive). EURODATA Research Archive Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES) D-68131 Mannheim, L 7,1 Phone: +49-621-292 1741 Fax: +49-621-292 1723 E-Mail: email@example.com Administration and Staff: Peter Flora (Scientific Director), Franz Kraus (Managing Director), Franz Rothenbacher, Daniele Caramani. Secretariat: Marianne Schneider


Over the past several decades, a new kind of labor politics has emerged in new venues (state and local levels), focusing on new governing institutions (employment laws), involving new strategies by labor unions, and featuring new organizational forms ("alt-labor"). The timing, form, and content of these developments have been powerfully shaped by the persistence of the increasingly outmoded but still authoritative national labor law, which has constrained and channeled the efforts of workers and their advocates to respond to growing problems. While the new institutions and organizations provide new substantive rights for workers and alternative vehicles for voice and collective action, the layering of these new forms alongside the old—without displacing the latter—has generated new problems without solving the problems produced by the ossification of labor law in the first place. Using novel empirical data and analysis, this article documents these changes, explores their causes, and considers their consequences for the changing politics of workers' rights.


ABSTRACT Open-ended survey questions crucially contribute to researchers' understandings of respondents' experiences. However, analyzing open-ended responses using human coders is labor-intensive. Structural topic modeling (STM) is a text mining method that discover topics from textual data. We demonstrate the use of STM to analyze open-ended survey responses to understand how parents coped during the COVID-19 lock-down in Singapore. We administered online surveys to 199 parents in Singapore during the COVID-19 lock-down. To show a STM analysis, we demonstrated a workflow that includes steps in data preprocessing, model estimation, model selection, and model interpretation. An 18-topic model best fit the data based on model diagnostics and researchers' expertise. Prevalent coping methods described by respondents include "Spousal Support," "Routines/Schedules," and "Managing Expectations." Topic prevalence for some topics varied with respondents' levels of parenting stress and whether parents were fathers or mothers. STM offers an efficient, valid, and replicable way to analyze textual data such as open-ended survey responses and case notes that can complement researchers' knowledge and skills. STM can be used as part of a multistage research process or to support other analyses such as clarifying quantitative findings and identifying preliminary themes from qualitative data. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15228835.2022.2036301 .


In this investigation, the conventional and advanced exergy analysis is used to obtain information about the conditions of the heat exchangers belonging to a crude oil distillation unit, previously to future studies to establish the most cost-efficient moments for the execution of maintenance activities in the exchangers. Conventional, unavoidable, avoidable, endogenous, and exogenous exergy destruction is calculated and the combinations between these last four terms. Mexogenous analysis is applied to individualize the relationships between the exchangers of the network. The results put the total exergy destruction at over 61.6 MW, being 63% avoidable. Five heat exchangers are considered critical because they concentrate the highest rates of exergy destruction, corresponding to 39% of the total exergy destruction in the network, this categorization allows focusing the improvement works on heat exchangers that will produce a substantial increase in the efficiency of the preheat train. Additionally, to evaluate the performance in a better way, the effect of unavoidable exergy destruction on performance measurement of exchangers through the exergy efficiency is studied, indicating that in some cases removing the unavoidable part can increase the second law efficiency by more than fifteen percentage points.


The study of "irreversibility line" and magnetization curves of a YBCO superconductor prepared by melt-textured growth method is presented. It is shown that the temperature T* above which the magnetization is reversible can be identified with the temperature above which Jc is negligible, demonstrating the Yeshurun and Malozemoff's theory about "irreversibility line".


A wide range of inorganic crystal hydrates possessing proton conductivity is analysed. The possible mechanisms of defect formation and proton transfer are considered, including those for a series of specific compounds. The main directions in the search of compounds having high proton conductivity at room temperature are outlined. The bibliography includes 65 references.


ABSTRACTThis essay analyses a politically tinged painting by Xu Beihong (1895–1953), a representative modern Chinese painter. He composed the work in 1949, just before the founding of the People's Republic of China, or the New China. In this article's discussion of the perplexing work, the author attempts to unveil Xu's understanding of revolution and of the relationship between art and politics, in relation to his difficulties in exploring and practicing art in the early Republic period (1912–1949). Based on this, the author discusses the painter's mindset in the social and political context of the New China. She also tries to reveal that Xu's art practices were restrained by the realities he was in – a crucial point to understanding his achievements and predicaments. As an artist who resisted the western modernism in the course of modernization, and who idealistically pursued the highest good and beauty through "realist" approaches and historical expressions, Xu's predicaments interestingly reflect the ...


This study aims to find the surrounding indigenous pesantren through the kyai leadership style in educating students. The method used is a systematic review through review articles using inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Article searches were accessed from internet searches in the database, namely: proquest.com, Scincedirect and google scholar with the keywords leadership style, Kyai leadership, and santri education. Data analysis was done by collecting articles that met the inclusion criteria collected and examined systematically. Search for literature published from 2015 to 2020. The results of the study showed that the kyai's leadership style in educating students was a leader who had unique characteristics and became an example for his students and had a duty to carry out the task of developing this nation and country. The figure of a kyai who was sincere, simple and tenacious in educating and disciplined in carrying out his duties, this was all reflected in the characteristics of a teacher in Islam, namely, as Murabbi, Muallim, Muaddib and Mudaris. Therefore, the kyai is an exemplary and charismatic figure who is able to influence both within the pesantren and outside the pesantren or in society, so that the students will be similar to the leader of the pesantren, namely the kyai when they have graduated.


Background: A key and dominant feature of human breast cancer is the morpholiogical, molecular and genomic heterogeneity evident in the disease. This presents a problem in both understanding the mechanisms of progression and in developing therapeutic options. Although mouse models of cancer have traditionally been used to simplify the study of human disease, we suggest that there are opportunities to also model the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancer. Recently we have used signatures of cell signaling pathways to investigate the pattern of gene expression in a Myc initiated mouse model of breast cancer. This revealed the presence of a number of distinct subgroups that correlated with the histological variation. An examination of the predicted activation of E2F transcription factors revealed that individual E2Fs were differentially regulated in the various subtypes of Myc driven breast cancers. Materials and Methods: To directly test the computational prediction that E2Fs had divergent roles in breast cancer, we interbred MMTV-Myc transgenic mice with E2F knockout mice. Mammary gland morphology, tumor latency, growth rate and histology were then examined. The resulting tumors were also examined through microarrays (Affymetrix 430A 2.0) for gene expression and activation of gene expression signatures using our previously characterized methods. Results: The ablation of E2F1 resulted in a decrease in Myc initiated tumor latency and an increase in growth rate of the resulting tumors. Conversely, E2F2 and E2F3 mutant backgrounds resulted in a delay of tumor formation and a marked decrease in incidence. The E2F3 mutant background also result in tumors that grew significantly more slowly compared to the wild type controls. Investigating the mechanism behind these effects revealed that E2F1 loss was associated with a decrease in apoptosis in the normally highly apoptotic Myc tumors. E2F2 and E2F3 effects were a result of reducing the Myc mediated effects to the mammary gland, reducing the pool of susceptible cells. In addition to examining the mechanism that resulted in latency alterations we examined the tumors from the various backgrounds to determine whether loss of the individual E2Fs had effects on the genomic heterogeneity through gene expression analysis. This revealed that the E2F2 null tumors had a reduction of the EMT tumor type, a finding we validated through a histological examination. Finally, to determine whether the role of the E2Fs in the mouse model would translate to human breast cancer we examined a panel of human tumors and noted that a low probability of E2F2 activation was associated with extended relapse free survival times. Discussion: Previous studies have illustrated that breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Here we have predicted and then genetically tested a variable role for the E2F transcription factors in a heterogeneous mouse model of breast cancer. This genetic test has illustrated the power of the genomic signatures in predicting involvement of signaling pathways in breast cancer. In addition, we demonstrated a key role for the E2Fs in both a mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis and in human breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-03-04.


3548 Background: Elderly patients are often intolerable in combination of cytotoxic agents. Recently, Trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab has been shown as good candidate for the vulnerable patients. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Patients aged 70 years and older with previously untreated, unresectable, metastatic colorectal cancer, who were not deemed to be candidates for oxaliplatin-based or irinotecan-based chemotherapy regimens, were included in this trial. Treatment consisted of trifluridine/tipiracil (35 mg/m2 orally a day on day 1-5 and day 8-12) with bevacizumab (5mg/kg intravenously on day 1 and day 15), given every 4 weeks until disease progression. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were response rate (ORR), Overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs). Results: Between 2017 January and 2018 March, 39 patients were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of patients were male/female : 17/22, median age : 77.5 (range: 70-88) and PS: 0/1 : 31/8. The ORR of 37 patients were assessed by the central review committee. The best response was 40.5(15/37) % (95% CI: 24.8-57.9), and the disease control rate was 86.5 (32/37) % (95% CI: 71.2–95.5). The AEs which were frequent as grade 3 or 4 were leucopenia (71.8 %), neutropenia (48.7 %), anorexia (12.8 %), febrile neutropenia (10.3 %) and fatigue (10.3 %). No treatment related death was reported. Conclusions: The combination of trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Hematological adverse events were need for caution. The primary endpoint of PFS will be presented in the end of this year. Clinical trial information: UMIN000025241.


The objective of this study was to investigate the feeding value of extruded corn in a corn silage-based ration for high-producing Holstein cows during mid lactation. Sixteen multiparous and 8 primiparous Holstein cows (106 +/- 49.7 d in milk; 43.7 +/- 5.27 kg of milk/d) were paired based on parity, days in milk, milk production, and body condition score and assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a randomized block design for 10 wk including a 2-wk adaptation period. Cows were fed a total mixed ration and milked 3 times per day. Diets contained 44% forage (3:1; corn silage:grass silage), 44.7% grain, and either extruded corn (EXC) or finely ground corn (FGC) at 11.3% of ration dry matter. No significant differences were detected in dry matter intake, milk protein yields, fat-corrected milk yields, or body condition score between cows fed FGC and cows fed EXC. Multiparous cows fed EXC produced more milk during wk 3 through 8 with a reduced milk fat content compared with multiparous cows fed FGC. Milk protein content was greater for primiparous cows fed EXC during wk 5 through 8 compared with primiparous cows fed the FGC ration. The major effect of feeding 2.7 kg/d of EXC compared with FGC was an increase in milk production and a reduction in milk fat content for multiparous cows, and an increase in milk protein content for primiparous cows.


This thesis provides a feminist institutionalism analysis of the gendered power structure of the U.S. military. It argues that femininity is placed in a disadvantaged position to masculinity in the U.S. Armed Forces, even as formal policies evolve and move the U.S. military toward formal gender equality. This thesis utilises aspects of new institutionalism theory to analyse how institutional change has occurred in respect to the gender power structure. It explicates processes of change that have occurred in the U.S. military and highlights the role of both agency and structure in the evolution of the institution. It also explores what factors of the institution continue to discriminate against women in order to explain why more change has not yet occurred, as of 2013. In order to evaluate the above issues, this thesis draws on data from interview and survey respondents to explicate their experiences in order to provide a clear picture of the masculine-oriented informal norms of the U.S. military institution. It also provides a case study of sexual assault in the military to evaluate the tension between stagnant informal norms and advancing formal policies. This thesis argues that the disadvantaged status of women in the U.S. military can be explained by evaluating the past formal policies and informal norms and values of the U.S. Armed Forces.


The homothallic, filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora is self-fertile and produces sexual fruiting bodies (perithecia) without a mating partner. Even so, S. macrospora transcriptionally expresses two pheromone-precursor genes (ppg1 and ppg2) and two pheromone-receptor genes (pre1 and pre2). The proteins encoded by these genes are similar to α-factor-like and a-factor-like pheromones and to G-protein-coupled pheromone receptors of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been suggested that in S. macrospora, PPG1/PRE2 and PPG2/PRE1 form two cognate pheromone–receptor pairs. To investigate their function, we deleted (Δ) pheromone-precursor genes (Δppg1, Δppg2) and receptor genes (Δpre1, Δpre2) and generated single- as well as double-knockout strains. No effect on vegetative growth, fruiting-body, and ascospore development was seen in the single pheromone-mutant and receptor-mutant strains, respectively. However, double-knockout strains lacking any compatible pheromone-receptor pair (Δpre2/Δppg2, Δpre1/Δppg1) and the double-pheromone mutant (Δppg1/Δppg2) displayed a drastically reduced number of perithecia and sexual spores, whereas deletion of both receptor genes (Δpre1/Δpre2) completely eliminated fruiting-body and ascospore formation. The results suggest that pheromones and pheromone receptors are required for optimal sexual reproduction of the homothallic S. macrospora.


Hepatitis B can be effectively prevented by hepatitis B vaccination. However, hyporesponse to the hepatitis B vaccine has been found in both human and inbred mice with particular MHC alleles or haplotypes, but the mechanisms underlying this poor response remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the hyporesponse to hepatitis B vaccination using B10.S-H2s/SgMcdJ (B10.S, H-2s, poor responder) and C57BL/10J (B10, H-2b, good responder) mice. We observed that the B10.S mice displayed a hyporesponse to HBsAg vaccine but a normal response to 3 other foreign antigens (influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine, tetanus toxoid and ovalbumin). In B10.S mice immunized with HBsAg, the levels of serum anti-HBs IgG, the number of HBsAg-specific IgG-secreting plasma cells and HBsAg-specific Th cells were considerably lower than that in B10 mice. Further, the findings of the insufficient maturation (CD86), co-stimulation (CD40) and migration (CCR7) activities of DCs together with the inadequate activation of the HBsAg-specific Th cells by APCs were identified as part of the reason for the HBsAg hyporesponse in B10.S mice, which supports the hypothesis that measures aimed at promoting the maturation, co-stimulation or migration of APCs to enhance Th cell activation may be a useful strategy for the development of new hepatitis B vaccines.


Aging is a biological process being experienced. The experience of ageing is associated with disappointment and renuciation. Thus, aging is a task which can be mastered in different ways.--It is asserted that there is an ageing having a social sense.--It is demonstrated by some parameters which advancements and which hindrances may play a role in ageing as well as which defective developments may be possible. The traditional norms and ideas from former generations as well as the social evaluation of age have to be taken into consideration when an approach to the problems of aging is designed.--The different situation of the sexes is briefly outlined.--The physician can help best if he himself is able to cope with his own ageing.


Summary
The successful performance adjustment of team newcomers is an increasingly important consideration given the prevalence of job-changing and the uncertainty associated with starting work in a new team setting. Consequently, using sensemaking and uncertainty reduction theories as a conceptual basis, the present study tested work experience as a potential resource for newcomer performance adjustment in teams. Specifically, we tested work experience as a multidimensional predictor of both initial newcomer performance and the rate of performance change after team entry. We tested hypotheses using longitudinal newcomer performance data in the context of professional basketball teams. Although the traditional quantitative indicators of the length and amount of work experience were not meaningfully associated with newcomer performance adjustment, their interaction was. In addition, the qualitative indicator of newcomers' past transition experience revealed a significant, positive association with the rate of newcomer performance improvement following team entry. These results suggest that work experience is a meaningful facilitator of newcomer adjustment in teams and emphasize the dual consideration of both quantitative and qualitative work experiences. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A core skill to acquire during our medical education is the ability to identify the sick child. When presenting cases to my mentors in general practice, emergency departments and paediatric services, a recurring question asked of me was, 'What does the mother think? How worried is she that this child is really sick?' A mother's intuition ranks highly when we are looking to form a diagnosis and establish how unwell their child is.


Q-methodology was used to investigate the health beliefs of Chinese clinical nurses and nurse academics. Twenty-eight participants from one hospital and nursing school in China were involved. The four stages of this study included: (i) concourse development from literature review, Internet searches, and key informant interviews; (ii) A pilot study to develop the Q-sample from the concourse; (iii) participants sorted the Q-sample statements along a continuum of preference (Q-sorting); and (iv) PQ data analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Five viewpoints were revealed: (i) factor 1--health management and the importance of evidence; (ii) factor 2--challenging local cultural belief, and Eastern and Western influences; (iii) factor 3--commonsense; (iv) factor 4--health and clinical practice; and (v) factor 5--health and nursing education. This study presents a need for nurses and nurse academics to think critically, examine their long-held health beliefs, and promote the use of evidence-based practice.


We describe a manufacturing screening task, the diagnosis of defects on a computer board. Then we describe several strategies used by expert troubleshooters performing the task. These strategies use "inexact models" of the components and connections on the board. A prototype expert system has been implemented that uses the strategies and models. The strategies and models are robust because they are applicable to a wide range of problems, including problems not previously encountered. Brittleness is a common problem with diagnostic systems. We propose the use of these types of strategies to increase the robustness of diagnostic systems.


COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing pneumonia, lesions in the cardiovascular system and other organs, high mortality risk, especially in geriatric patients. Due to the great relevance, this study was aimed at describing the case of severe COVID-19 with development of multiple organ failure. Materials and methods. Available accompanying medical documentation (outpatient charts, medical history) was analyzed. Clinical and morphological analysis was carried out by providing description of macro- and micropreparations; histological methods (hematoxylin and eosin staining, Lee reaction) were used. Results. Female patient K.G., 69 years old, was hospitalized to the therapeutic department diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Acute coronary syndrome with ST segment elevation was made on 04/20/2020. A competing diagnosis: severe community-acquired bilateral multi-segmental pneumonia. The patient's condition was aggravated wile applying therapy followed by biological death occurred. An autopsy revealed bilateral subtotal hemorrhagic pneumonia. Macroscopic lung examination demonstrated "lungs filled with red fluid". In the brain — perivascular and pericellular edema, hyalinosis, blood stasis and sludge, marked dystrophic and necrotic neuronal changes. Cardiomyocyte fragmentation, areas of perivascular sclerosis with inflammatory infiltrates as well as erythrocytic sludge are found in the heart and blood vessels, respectively. A weak positive reaction according to Lee method was observed. Such clinical and morphological case demonstrates along with lung damage involvement of the heart resulting in acute coronary syndrome (morphologically manifested by ischemic myocardial dystrophy) and the brain. Thus, premorbid background in elderly patients results in developing acute pulmonary heart failure, pulmonary and cerebral edema.


Recent work has suggested that the electrical self-potential (SP) geophysical technique may be used to noninvasively map redox conditions associated with contaminant plumes or bioremediation schemes. The proposed mechanism linking SP response and redox involves the generation of a current source and sink in the subsurface whereby electrons are transferred between anoxic and oxic environments via a conductive biofilm and/or biominerals, creating a biogeobattery. To investigate the conditions required for biogeobattery formation, we successfully created contrasting redox zones in a flow-through column setup. In this setup, an oxic section, containing clean sand, transitioned into an Fe(III)-reducing section. Fe(III) reduction was mediated by either a natural microbial community or a pure culture of the model organism Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in two different column experiments. Visual observations and electron microscopy showed that ferrihydrite was sequentially transformed to goethite and magnetite; despite this change, no SP signal was generated in either column. Electron microscopy suggested that in the pure culture column, S. oneidensis MR-1 cells did not form a continuous, interconnected biofilm but rather interacted with the iron (oxyhydr)oxide surfaces as individual cells. In our experiments we therefore did not form the conductor of the biogeobattery. We thus conclude that generation of a biogeobattery is nontrivial and requires specific geochemical and microbiological conditions that will not occur at every contaminated site undergoing microbially mediated redox processes. This conclusion suggests that SP cannot be used in isolation to monitor subsurface biogeochemical conditions. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.


Vehicle crashes account for over one million fatalities and many more millions of injuries annually worldwide. Some roads are safer than others, so driving routes optimized for safety may re- duce the number of crashes. We have developed a method to estimate the probability of a crash on any road as a function of the traffic volume, road characteristics, and environmental condi- tions. We trained a regression model to estimate traffic volume and a binary classifier to estimate crash probability on road seg- ments. Modeling a route's crash probability as a series of Ber- noulli trials, we employ the Dijkstra routing algorithm to compute the safest route between two locations. We find that, compared to the fastest route, the safest route is approximately 1.7 times as long in duration and about half as dangerous. We also show how to smoothly trade off safety for travel time, and demonstrate how drivers could be offered several route options, each with different crash probabilities and durations.


Generating a high-quality explainable summary of a multi-review corpus can help people save time in reading the reviews. With natural language processing and text clustering, people can generate both abstractive and extractive summaries on a corpus containing up to 967 product reviews (Moody et al. 2022). However, the overall quality of the summaries needs further improvement. Noticing that online reviews in the corpus come from a diverse population, we take an approach of removing irrelevant human factors through pre-processing. Apply available pre-trained models together with reference based and reference free metrics, we filter out noise in each review automatically prior to summary generation. Our computational experiments evident that one may significantly improve the overall quality of an explainable summary from such a pre-processed corpus than from the original one. It is suggested of applying available high-quality pre-trained tools to filter noises rather than start from scratch. Although this work is on the specific multi-review corpus, the methods and conclusions should be helpful for generating summaries for other multi-review corpora.


With the parameters fitted by the particle multiplicity, the energy density at chemical freeze-out, and the charged particle elliptic flow, we have studied the effects of the hadronic mean-field potentials on the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) correlation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions based on a multiphase transport model. The hadronic mean-field potentials are found to delay the emission time of the system and lead to large HBT radii extracted from the correlation function. Effects on the energy dependence of $R_o^2-R_s^2$ and $R_{o}/ R_{s}$ as well as the eccentricity of the emission source are discussed. The HBT correlations can also be useful in understanding the mean-field potentials of protons, kaons, and antiprotons as well as baryon-antibaryon annihilations.


We have investigated the performance analysis of DF (Decode-And-Forward) based cooperative system using co-operative MRC (C-MRC) at the destination with co-channel interference in Rayleigh fading channels. The performance of C-MRC is compared with maximal-ratio combining (MRC) using the effective Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of the system. It is seen that performance of C-MRC technique is much better than that of MRC. The Monte Carlo simulations are provided to illustrate the effect of interference on the performance where interference channels are independent and identically distributed.


One of the Bank's services is the launch of an ATM card (Automated Teller Machine). Literally ATM can be interpreted as an automatic cash register or often called an Automated Teller Machine which means an automatic cash register without a person, placed inside or outside the bank's yard that can issue cash and handle routine banking transactions, such as depositing, withdrawing money, transfer between accounts, settlement or payment of credit card bills. However, at this time many ATM facilities provided by the Bank have been misused by criminals to commit crimes, one of which is the wedge trick mode, this wedge trick is an ATM card entered by a customer who is inserted into this ATM can enter but will be difficult to get out. as if the ATM card was swallowed by the machine even though it was only stuck, this crime with the jamming mode can be classified as a criminal act of theft by violating the provisions of Article 363 of the Criminal Code. The problem approach in this study uses a normative approach, which is done by approaching the problem from a legal perspective, discussing and then reviewing books, statutory provisions and those related to the problems to be discussed. The results of the study concluded that efforts to overcome the crime of theft of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) block mode by the West Lampung Police are through penal efforts (criminal law) and non-penal efforts (not / outside of criminal law), in addition to efforts made by the Police West Lampung in this response is carried out by increasing the activity of raids, patrols and guarding, but only when a crime occurs, does not involve the surrounding community and parties from the Bank and there is no cooperation with other parties and the West Lampung Police officers are inconsistent in carrying out operations/patrols. to prevent the most likely crime of theft by breaking into Automated Teller Machines (ATM). The inhibiting factors are internal factors and external factors, where internal factors include law enforcement itself. The imbalance of the rules used makes these crimes still increase from year to year. External factors include the lack of care and awareness from the public who do not report to the police. In addition to other inhibiting factors, namely the law that regulates it, law enforcement officers and legal culture factors.


Wireless Sensor Networks are a promising solution for indoor location systems. However, many of these systems rely on algorithms that use parametric models of the channel propagation where the parameters can be time variant. This paper introduces a new technique based on a Bayesian filtering method that estimates network nodes positions at the same time that propagation model parameters are extracted. Experimental results show the location estimation improvement of the introduced technique.


Little is known about either the process of periplasmic protein folding or how information concerning the folding state in this compartment is communicated. We present evidence that SurA, a periplasmic protein with peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity, is involved in the maturation and assembly of LamB. LamB is a trimeric outer membrane porin for maltodextrins as well as the bacteriophage lambda receptor in Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that SurA is involved in the conversion of unfolded monomers into a newly identified intermediate in LamB assembly, which behaves as a folded monomer. The absence of SurA blocks the assembly pathway and leads to accumulation of species prior to the folded monomer. These species also accumulate when the stress sigma factor sigmaE is induced by LamB overexpression. We suggest that accumulation of species prior to the generation of folded monomer is a stress signal sensed by sigmaE.


The annealing of damage generated by low-energy ion implantation in polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) and amorphous silicon (a-Si) is compared. The rate of heat release between implantation temperature and $350\char21{}500\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ for Si implanted in both materials and for different ions implanted in poly-Si shows a very similar shape, namely, a featureless signal that is characteristic of a series of processes continuously distributed in terms of activation energy. Nanocalorimetry signals differ only by their amplitude, a smaller amount of heat being released after light ion implantation compared to heavier ones for the same nominal number of displaced atoms. This shows the importance of dynamic annealing of the damage generated by light ions. A smaller amount of heat is released by implanted poly-Si compared to a-Si, underlining the effect of the surrounding crystal on the dynamic annealing and the relaxation of the defects. Damage accumulation after $30\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{keV}$ Si implantation is also characterized by Raman scattering and reflectometry, featuring a similar trend in a-Si, poly-Si, and monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) with a saturation around $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Si}∕{\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$. Considering these results together with other recent experiments in c-Si and molecular dynamic simulations, it is concluded that the damage generated by low-energy ion implantation that survives dynamic annealing is structurally very similar if not identical in both crystalline and amorphous silicon, giving rise to the same kind of processes during a thermal anneal. However, the damage peak obtained by channeling saturates only above $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Si}∕{\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$. This suggests that between 4 and $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Si}∕{\mathrm{nm}}^{2}$, further damage occurs by structural transformation without the addition of more stored energy.


A nurse who sustained serious arm and shoulder injuries in 1988 has been awarded £178,850 in compensation. The award, which is the highest ever paid to a nurse who has sustained a non-back injury, came three years after Wirral HA admitted responsibility, but gave the nurse just £2,500.


Analysing the areal distribution of earthquakes produced in the Carpathian Basin the conclusion can be drawn that only certain parts can be considered active along fracture lines, namely those parts which separate individually moving blocks. Generally accepted working theory states that if one fracture line ever generated an M-magnitude earthquake then at any point of the same line a similar or larger tremor may happen again. However, this principle is not supported by domestic experiences.In accordance with focal depths analysis we are going to verify that earthquakes were produced within more or less consolidated layers inside subsiding basins. Our analysis is aimed to explain the possible origin of earthquakes within small depth range and to point out the practical benefit of these investigations.We present also an analysis on the possible origin of "basin tremors" not taken so far into consideration and we offer a plausible explanation. Uncertainties of focal depth (hypocenter) determinations will also be given and we define relations between the focal depth (h), the magnitude (M), and the epicentral intensity (Io). The result will be presented in tables and comparison will be given between the focal depth data determined by us and by others.Finally viewpoints will be presented to help the recognition of earthquake foci and to set earthquake hazard determination on a real basis.


This paper provides a detailed study of trace gases and meteorology at two sites, one a suburban site in Hong Kong (labelled TC), the other a coastal site (labelled WS), with few local anthropogenic emissions, on the edge of the South China Sea. The sites are separated by ∼ 40 km. Emphasis is given to ozone episodes (>100 ppbv) and near episodes, which occurred on a number of occasions, some extending over 9 days, during two ∼50 day periods in August, September; October, November 2013. The results are rationalised in detail using a range of modelling techniques: a zero dimensional box model study using the master chemical mechanism (MCM); the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to provide wind fields and coupled with the CMAQ model to provide an Eulerian representation of the physical and chemical processes over a wide


The English Language is widely used in nearly all countries around the world, and Tanzania is not an exception. Learning theories such as humanism, cognitivism, constructivism, and behaviourism are applied as a way to achieve the expected aims of English learning and teaching in Tanzania. This study aims to understand the challenges of using behaviourism theory in English language learning and teaching. This will be important for everyone involved in education, particularly English language teaching: Teachers, parents, textbook and/or supplementary book writers, syllabus designers, policymakers, education planners, and other educational stakeholders. This study opts to use a qualitative approach based on case study design to guide the study. The study used two instruments; a documentary review and an interview. The interview involved six primary teachers from different primary schools in Tanzania. The documentary review entailed reading various academic articles that contained information about behaviourism theory in English teaching. The finding indicates that challenges to using behaviourism theory in teaching English can be categorised into learner-based, teacher-based, and environmental-based. Learner-based challenges include such psychological problems as anxiety, which limit the application of key principles of behaviourism theory in teaching English. Teacher-based challenges include the ability of teachers, especially in the application of key principles of behaviourism theory in teaching English to primary school students in Tanzania. In conclusion, among other things, regular in-service training for primary school teachers, curriculum revision, and improvement of teaching and learning will be critical in minimising the challenges of using behaviourism theory in teaching English in Tanzanian primary schools.


Quality-Diversity optimisation (QD) has proven to yield promising results across a broad set of applications. However, QD approaches struggle in the presence of uncertainty in the environment, as it impacts their ability to quantify the true performance and novelty of solutions. This problem has been highlighted multiple times independently in previous literature. In this work, we propose to uniformise the view on this problem through four main contributions. First, we formalise a common framework for uncertain domains: the Uncertain QD setting, a special case of QD in which fitness and descriptors for each solution are no longer fixed values but distribution over possible values. Second, we propose a new methodology to evaluate Uncertain QD approaches, relying on a new per-generation sampling budget and a set of existing and new metrics specifically designed for Uncertain QD. Third, we propose three new Uncertain QD algorithms: Archive-sampling, Parallel-Adaptive-sampling and Deep-Grid-sampling. We propose these approaches taking into account recent advances in the QD community toward the use of hardware acceleration that enable large numbers of parallel evaluations and make sampling an affordable approach to uncertainty. Our final and fourth contribution is to use this new framework and the associated comparison methods to benchmark existing and novel approaches. We demonstrate once again the limitation of MAP-Elites in uncertain domains and highlight the performance of the existing Deep-Grid approach, and of our new algorithms. The goal of this framework and methods is to become an instrumental benchmark for future works considering Uncertain QD.


A new species of the genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 is described from Catalonia (Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula). Prionotropis xausi n. sp. was collected in a steppic calcareous grassland with low shrubs and scattered rocks, dominated by Buxus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Thymus and Poa species. P. xausi n. sp. is characterized by the pronotum in dorsal view narrow and in lateral view with the principal transverse sulcus between prozona and metazona clearly incised. Females squamipterous with the tegmina extending at most to the end of second abdominal segment. Males sub-brachypterous with the tegmina reaching the 5th abdominal tergite and the epiproct visible. Inside hind femora at the base to the middle part and inside hind tibia red. Phallic complex with the epiphallus more long than wide with short posterior edge and the penis valves long. This new species is compared to the similar species P. rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 , P. azami Uvarov, 1923 and P. hystrix (Germar, 1817) and to the species presents in Catalonia P. flexuosa (Serville, 1838) and P. ancosae Olmo-Vidal, 2017. P. xausi is the species of the genus Prionotropis with the smallest males.


BACKGROUND
 Since the turn of this century, the internet has become an invaluable resource for people seeking health information and answers to health-related queries. Health question and answer websites have grown in popularity in recent years as a means for patients to obtain health information from medical professionals. For patients suffering from chronic illnesses, it is vital that health care providers become better acquainted with patients' information needs and learn how they express them in text format.

 OBJECTIVE
 The aims of this study were to: (1) explore whether patients can accurately and adequately express their information needs on health question and answer websites, (2) identify what types of problems are of most concern to those suffering from chronic illnesses, and (3) determine the relationship between question characteristics and the number of answers received.

 METHODS
 Questions were collected from a leading Chinese health question and answer website called "All questions will be answered" in January 2018. We focused on questions relating to diabetes and hepatitis, including those that were free and those that were financially rewarded. Content analysis was completed on a total of 7068 (diabetes) and 6685 (hepatitis) textual questions. Correlations between the characteristics of questions (number of words per question, value of reward) and the number of answers received were evaluated using linear regression analysis.

 RESULTS
 The majority of patients are able to accurately express their problem in text format, while some patients may require minor social support. The questions posted were related to three main topics: (1) prevention and examination, (2) diagnosis, and (3) treatment. Patients with diabetes were most concerned with the treatment received, whereas patients with hepatitis focused on the diagnosis results. The number of words per question and the value of the reward were negatively correlated with the number of answers. The number of words per question and the value of the reward were negatively correlated with the number of answers.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This study provides valuable insights into the ability of patients suffering from chronic illnesses to make an understandable request on health question and answer websites. Health topics relating to diabetes and hepatitis were classified to address the health information needs of chronically ill patients. Furthermore, identification of the factors affecting the number of answers received per question can help users of these websites to better frame their questions to obtain more valuable answers.


Aim: To test a non-invasive presurgical protocol for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on "anatomo–electro–clinical correlations". Methods: All consecutive patients with suspected TLE and seizure history <2 years were entered into the protocol, which included video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three different TLE subsyndromes (mesial, lateral, mesiolateral) were identified by combined anatomical, electrical, and clinical criteria. "Tailored" surgery for each subsyndrome was offered. Patients with seizure history <2 years, MRI evidence of temporal mass lesion, and concordant interictal EEG and clinical data bypassed video-EEG monitoring and were directly scheduled for surgery. Results: Lesionectomy was performed without video-EEG recording in 11 patients with tumorous TLE. Of 146 patients studied with video-EEG, 133 received a TLE diagnosis. Four were excluded for neuropsychological risks, eight refused surgery, and 121 underwent surgery. Of 132 consecutive patients who underwent surgery, 101 had at least one year of follow up. They were divided into a "hippocampal sclerosis/cryptogenic" group (n = 57) and a "tumours/cortical organisation disorders" group (n = 44). In the first group, extensive temporal lobectomy (ETL) was performed in 40 patients, anteromesial temporal lobectomy (AMTL) in 17 patients. At follow up, 47 patients were seizure free. In the second group, lesionectomy plus ETL was performed in 23 patients, lesionectomy plus AMTL in six patients, and lesionectomy alone in 15 patients. Thirty nine patients were seizure free. Conclusions: These findings suggest that different TLE subsyndromes can be identified accurately using non-invasive anatomo–electro–clinical data and can be treated effectively and safely with tailored surgery.


Methods for improving the robustness of panel forming including the introduction of process sensing and feedback and control has resulted in significant gains in the quality of parts and reduced failures. Initial efforts in implementing closed-loop control during panel forming used active tool elements to ensure that the total punch force followed prescribed trajectories. However, more recently local forces within the tooling have been demonstrated to not only follow desired force trajectories but have been shown to increase the operational envelope of the tooling compared to open-loop tests and even closed-loop test where the total punch force had been controlled. However, what has not been examined is the effect of local force, especially during closed-loop control panel forming operations on the total punch force measured during forming. This paper addresses this by comparing the results of both open-loop tests and closed-loop tests and examining the effects on both local and total punch forces. It was found that while open-loop forming with various constant draw bead depths resulted in varying total punch forces, once closed-loop control was implemented the total punch forces followed virtually identical trajectories.
 The tooling for this project included local force transducers and a total punch force transducer. In addition, active draw beads could be controlled during forming and a flexible blank holder with variable blank holder forces were part of the setup.


The accurate input-output universe of discourse (UOD) on which membership functions are defined is hard to acquire, especially for nonlinear multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) systems, and control accuracy will reduce greatly in the steady state due to limited fuzzy control rules. This paper presents a design scheme for the adaptive fuzzy logic controllers to control a MIMO system with online changeable input-output UOD of the controller, which could solve two problems mentioned above to a great extent. We obtain fuzzy inference rules that are defined by the error and change of error to describe the variation law of the input-output UOD according to the current trend of the controlled process, so the proper widths of the UOD can be derived from the fuzzy inference rules dynamically in real-time. Simulation results for the nonlinear MIMO system show the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic controller.


In this study, 5-story structures were designed in accordance with KBC2009 for inelastic time history analysis of RC IMRF. Bending moment-curvature relationship for beam and column was identified with fiber model and bending moment-rotation relationship for beam-column joint was calculated with simple and unified joint shear behavior model and moment equilibrium relationship for the joint. The hysteretic behavior was simulated with three-parameter model suggested in IDARC program. The analytical results showed that the inelastic shear behavior of the joint could be neglected in the structural design for seismic design category C but the structure of category D did not satisfy the criteria of FEMA 356 for collapse prevention performance level.


I. INTRODUCTION This past June, the Court of Appeals, in a unanimous opinion, upheld the constitutionality under the New York State Constitution of a plan, passed by the New York State Legislature in early 2011, which allows livery cabs to pick up passengers in the boroughs outside of Manhattan who hail the livery cabs from the street. (1) The statute also expands the number of traditional yellow cabs accessible to persons with disabilities. (2) The ruling was a victory for New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who had turned to the state legislature to pass the Hail Accessible Inter-borough License Act, known as the HAIL Act, (3) when the New York City Council did not act on his original proposal. (4) Without the City Council's approval, however, the law could only survive under the New York State Constitution's Home Rule Clause if it served a "substantial" state interest. (5) While the Court of Appeals found that it did, and while the court's decision will presumably make it easier for passengers outside of Manhattan to hail livery cabs, this convenience does not come without a real cost: the court's cursory dismissal of the plaintiffs' home rule challenge leaves open critical questions about the scope of the State Constitution's protection of local governance. (6) Although the Court of Appeals' ruling does not bode well for the future of home rule in New York State, as discussed below, there are a number of ways that the Court of Appeals can provide guidance to both state and local governments going forward. II. THE HAIL PROGRAM Prior to the enactment of the HAIL Act, only licensed yellow taxicabs with medallions (7) were permitted to pick up passengers on the streets of New York City or at the city's airports. (8) Another category of for-hire cabs, known as livery cabs, were only allowed to pick up passengers who had prearranged for their pick-up by telephone or otherwise. (9) The HAIL Act dramatically changes this status quo by allowing livery drivers with new HAIL licenses to accept street hails in the outer boroughs and in northern Manhattan (above East 96th Street on the East Side and above West 110th Street on the West Side), but not at New York City airports. (10) Yellow taxis will still maintain the exclusive right to pick up passengers on the streets of Manhattan outside of the "HAIL zone" and at the airports. (11) In order to qualify for a HAIL license, livery vehicles will have to install taxi meters to measure the fare, among other requirements. (12) The HAIL Act further directs the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC) to issue the new HAIL licenses in three installments over the course of three years. (13) Twenty percent of the new HAIL livery licenses are to be set aside for wheelchair accessible vehicles. (14) In order to further increase the number of handicap-accessible for-hire vehicles in New York City, the HAIL Act allows the City, "acting by the mayor alone," to direct the TLC to issue up to two-thousand new medallions for traditional yellow taxicabs, provided that they are wheelchair accessible. (15) In addition, the Act requires the TLC to establish a program to provide grants totaling up to fifty-four million dollars to support the introduction of accessible vehicles into the HAIL fleet. (16) The potential benefits of the statutory scheme are clear. Along with increasing the number and accessibility of for-hire vehicles in underserved areas, the HAIL Act legalizes, and hence regulates, what was previously an unlicensed and under-regulated industry. (17) Passengers hailing HAIL-licensed cars can now be secure in knowing that livery vehicles have been inspected for safety and benefit from upgrades the program requires: taxi meters, which ensure that passengers pay a fair rate without having to haggle; Global Positioning System (GPS) locators, which help passengers recover lost property; and credit card readers, which make it easier for passengers to pay. …


Solar‐driven methanation represents a potentially cost‐efficient and environmentally friendly route for the direct hydrogenation of CO2. Recently, photothermal catalysis, which involves the combination of both photochemical and thermochemical pathways, has emerged as a promising strategy for the production of solar fuels. For a photothermal catalyst to efficiently convert CO2 under illumination, in the absence of external heating, effective light harvesting, an excellent photothermal conversion and efficient active sites are required. Here, a new composite catalyst consisting of Ni nanoparticles supported on barium titanate that, under optimal reaction conditions, is able to hydrogenate CO2 to CH4 at nearly 100% selectivity with production rates as high as 103.7 mmol g–1 h–1 under both UV–visible and visible irradiation (production rate: 40.3 mmol g−1 h–1) is reported. Mechanistic studies suggest that reaction mostly proceeds through a nonthermal hot‐electron‐driven pathway, with a smaller thermal contribution.


This paper identifies the level of satisfaction on present facilities provided in shopping malls in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Literature review, data collection on case study access audit, selected interviews and questionnaires combined with details from observations and photographs were used to explore on how to achieve friendly and accessible spaces for all. The audit examined predetermination designed criteria against existing building to measure the suitability and appropriateness of the building to people with sensory disabilities and mental disabilities. Findings revealed that weaknesses found are caused by poor design and planning, lack of enforcement on policies and limited guidelines. Recommendations for the future are highlighted with options and proposed guidelines in respect to the person with disabilities (PWDs) need. The finding has provided a benchmark for consultants, local authorities and those who have interest in local built environment.


Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) therapy has been associated with de novo development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report a 48-year woman with chronic hepatitis C, who developed low grade fever, joint aches and pains, painful mouth ulcers, shortness of breath, dry cough and pleuritic chest pain after 2 months of completion of treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha. These clinical manifestations and the relevant immunologic investigations were in favour of SLE. She responded well to corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine treatment.


We consider a multi-armed bandit problem with $M$ latent contexts, where an agent interacts with the environment for an episode of $H$ time steps. Depending on the length of the episode, the learner may not be able to estimate accurately the latent context. The resulting partial observation of the environment makes the learning task significantly more challenging. Without any additional structural assumptions, existing techniques to tackle partially observed settings imply the decision maker can learn a near-optimal policy with $O(A)^H$ episodes, but do not promise more. In this work, we show that learning with {\em polynomial} samples in $A$ is possible. We achieve this by using techniques from experiment design. Then, through a method-of-moments approach, we design a procedure that provably learns a near-optimal policy with $O(\texttt{poly}(A) + \texttt{poly}(M,H)^{\min(M,H)})$ interactions. In practice, we show that we can formulate the moment-matching via maximum likelihood estimation. In our experiments, this significantly outperforms the worst-case guarantees, as well as existing practical methods.


Kerogen of the Chattanooga Shale in eastern Tennessee and adjacent areas is known to be of predominantly terrestrial origin. The Chattanooga Shale may be viewed as a high-ash, low-rank coal. Recent detailed studies of peat from The Everglades of Florida have led to the observation that the rate at which cellulose is degraded is reduced as the mineral content increases. Knowing of the contribution of terrestrial plant material to the sediments that later became the Chattanooga Shale (which is 75 to 85% mineral matter), we believe that those sediments probably contained an accumulation of cellulose. Slow, anaerobic degradation of that cellulose by methanogenic bacteria would be expected to result in the formation of methane that would then dissolve in other organic componen s of the sediment. Only in those regions where the contribution of aquatically derived organic detritus to the sediment was significant would appreciable amounts of ethane, propane, and higher gaseous hydrocarbons be expected, perhaps as products of low-temperature thermal processes. These considerations suggest that study of the composition of kerogen in the Chattanooga Shale and its correlatives could delineate those regions of the eastern Devonian shales most likely to be the best sources of methane. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1576------------


Background: Laxatives are over-the-counter medications used as a treatment for constipation. The lipid-lowering effect of the long-term use of laxatives has been proposed. Aim: To investigate the possible impact of the chronic use of laxatives on serum lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze data related to patients who received laxatives for six or 12 months or more in the KAUH database system. BMI, weight, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HbA1c data were collected retrospectively from hospital records for three time points: baseline, six months, and 12 months of laxative treatment from the starting date for each patient. Results: A total of 106 patients' records fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 46 (43%) males with a mean age of 66 and 60 (57%) females with a mean age of 63. A significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels was observed in those who used laxatives for 12 months. Furthermore, an overall BMI and ALT reduction was seen in the combined. On the other hand, HbA1c levels appeared to improve in the combined group but not statistically significant. The change in the cholesterol level could be observed in patients receiving statin treatment and those without, with no statistical significance between the two groups. Conclusion: Chronic laxative use for 12 months or more is associated with a decreased total and LDL-C level with no significant effect on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in BMI and ALT. This effect is more prominent with combined therapy. Further multicentric studies on larger sample sizes are recommended to confirm our findings.


This work uses linear and nonlinear models in order to predict student success and pathways in higher education in the state of Utah. Postsecondary Grade Point Average is used as a metric for success in higher education. Pathways are identified using clustering analyses, which group observations according to various distance measures. Eleven institutional pathways were found for the 2008 cohort of Utah high school graduates. Analyzing enrollment data from 2000–2013, four major trends emerged as distinct patterns of post-secondary attendance (or lack thereof) for the cohort: no attendance, early peaking attendance, late peaking attendance, and completion. Underrepresented Racial Minority (URM) students, low income students and geographically mobile students were overrepresented in the group of No-Goers. After identifying pathways, a Random Forest (RF) algorithm was used in order to predict which pathway a student might take based on high school characteristics. Important variables in the random forest prediction include High School GPA, college courses taken in High School, ACT scores, High School proportion of Low Income students, and High School proportion of URM students. Linear models also showed that demographic variables such as race, mobility, and Low Income status, in addition to Pell Grant status carry significant predictive weight for Postsecondary GPA. Attending schools with high proportions of Low Income or URM students adversely affected students' likelihood of succeeding in college. Pell Grants may have the ability to partially compensate for the disadvantage faced by low income students; Pell Grant eligibility and reception were strongly associated with increased grade point average and retention. The RF algorithm also predicted college attainment correctly at a higher rate than the logistic model. The RF algorithm outperformed Ordinary Least Squares regression models and random coefficients hierarchical linear models in predicting student Grade Point Averages from a test set. The RF algorithm had smaller mean squared error than linear models, as well as smaller absolute medians and quartile values. Due to its accuracy, simplicity and intuitive nature, RF analysis is recommended for future critical quantitative research in higher education. Substantially, the author advocates for an expansion of the Pell Grant program in order to combat the significant postsecondary disadvantages faced by high achieving low income students. Mobility is identified as an underresearched area with high potential impact in postsecondary attainment. Addressing inequities in education pathways, particularly the lasting effects of inferior schools which low income and URM students often attend, will be necessary in the development of the United States as a free, democratic society. Only through critical, equitable, education can members of society liberate themselves from various forms of oppression and reach their full humanity.


Sustainable development of any country to some extent depends on successful accomplishment of construction projects, particularly infrastructures. Contractors have a key role in the success of these projects. Hence, the selection of a competent contractor as a complicated and hard decision process has a vital importance in the destiny of any construction project. Contractor selection is in essence a multicriteria decision-making that ought to encompass so many aspects of the project and the client's requirements on one hand and the capabilities and past records of the contractors on the other hand. Failure in selecting a competent contractor may cause time and cost overruns; quality shortcomings; increasing in claims, disputes and change orders; and even failure of the project. In spite of deficiencies of selecting a contractor by the rule of "the lowest bid price", it still prevails in many countries including Iran. In this paper, a new contractor selection model based on the best-worst method (BWM) and well-known Fuzzy-VIKOR techniques is proposed as a solution to overcome the deficiencies of the traditional "lowest bid price" rule. An illustrative example of a water channel construction project verified the applicability of the proposed model in practice.


Cell-cell interactions are important in intravascular inflammation. Neutrophils and monocytes adhere to the vascular endothelium and release mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and reactive oxygen species. Red blood cells (RBC) from patients with malaria, sickle cell anemia, and diabetes also adhere to endothelial cells. The objectives of this investigation were to develop a bovine system of RBC adhesion to endothelial cells and to begin to investigate the mechanisms involved in the RBC adhesion. We show that 51Cr-RBC adhere to bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC) after stimulation of both cell types with endotoxin (ETX; 50 micrograms/ml). RBC adhesion to BPAEC depended on the ETX concentration and the presence of divalent cations. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase; catalase; and dimethyl sulfoxide) all induced RBC adhesion to BPAEC. Phosphatidylserine, which has been implicated in adhesion of sickle cells and aged RBC to endothelium, reduced RBC adhesion to BPAEC, whether ETX-treated or not. In conclusion, ETX, proinflammatory cytokines and, surprisingly, antioxidants increase RBC adherence to BPAEC monolayers. RBC adhesion to endothelium is decreased by phosphatidylserine.


In conventional photosensitive organic field-effect transistors (FETs) (OFETs) (photo-OFETs) based on p-type organic semiconductors, high work function metals such as Au are generally used as source/drain electrodes, whose photosensitivity is generally low. We report on the performance improvements of photo-OFETs based on palladium phthalocyanine (PdPc) by using Al as source and drain electrodes. It is concluded that the dark currents of the photo-OFET based on PdPc with Al as source and drain electrodes (denoted as Al-PdPc device) are about only one-thousandth of that of the photo-OFET based on PdPc with Au as source and drain electrodes (denoted as Au-PdPc device). This tremendous decrease of dark current results in about a three-order-of-magnitude increase for photosensitivity at the gate and drain voltages of -50 V. The enormous decrease of dark current is ascribed to the Schottky contacts between the Al source/drain electrodes and PdPc. In addition, the Al-PdPc devices show also larger photoresponsivity compared with the Au-PdPc devices.


ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Disease Models & Mechanisms, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Geon Seong Lee is first author on ' Morc2a p.S87L mutant mice develop peripheral and central neuropathies associated with neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis', published in DMM. Geon Seong is a PhD student in the lab of Su Cheong Yeom at Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea, investigating gene-editing therapy for single-nucleotide polymorphism-mediated genetic disorder.


Precise prediction of rotordynamic coefficients for annular type seal of turbomachinery is necessary for enhancing their vibrational stability and various prediction methods have been developed. As the seal passage is designed complicatedly, the analysis based on Bulk-flow concept which has been mainly used in predicting seal dynamics is limited. In order to improve the seal rotordynamic prediction, full Navier-Stokes Equations with turbulent model derived in the seal flow passage have to be solved. In this study, 3D CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis has been performed for predicting rotordynamic coefficients of non-contact type annular plain seal using FLUENT. Comparing with the results of Bulk-flow model analysis, the result of 3D CFD analysis shows good agreement.


Containment of the process of cardiac remodeling is a prerequisite for prevention of development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction. For personalization of therapeutic intervention strategy, it may be of benefit to identify the subset of patients who are at higher risk for development of HF. One such strategy may involve targeted imaging of various components involved in the remodeling process and interstitial fibrosis, including the myofibroblast. This cell type combines characteristics of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, and plays a crucial role in infarct healing and scar contraction. We define molecular targets on myofibroblasts and discuss the feasibility of molecular imaging of these cells for early detection and treatment of patients at risk for development of HF after myocardial infarction.


In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) specific to marigold were developed using the inter-SSR technique and a SSR-enriched genomic DNA library. In addition, SSRs derived from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were also tested for transferability to marigold. In total, 38 polymorphic markers with 112 observed alleles were identified in 20 African marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.) consisting of 14 commercial varieties and six Thai landraces, and six French marigolds (Tagetes patula L.). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 7. The averages of expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.48 and 0.32, respectively. Polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.10 to 0.71, and resolving power (R p) values ranged from 0.23 to 2.77. The SSRs were successfully applied to the differentiation of the 26 marigold samples into clusters of African commercial varieties, Thai landraces and French marigold. The genetic relationship analysis revealed that the African commercial varieties were more closely related to the Thai landraces than to the French marigold. The results of the study indicate that the SSRs developed are effective for genetic diversity analysis, species classification and individual identification.


Teacher professionalism can be recognized if the main task of the teacher is educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, evaluating, and evaluating students can be implemented in early childhood education, basic education, and secondary education. The current problem that often occurs in improving teacher quality is formal recognition from the government of a teacher who is considered a professional. But it has not been implemented properly because there is no certification of teaching certificates that must be possessed by the teacher to get recognition that the teacher can be said to be professional. The general objective of this study is to develop a strategy to improve the professionalism of vocational teachers so that they are more developed to improve vocational level professionalism can improve the development, knowledge and skills of teaching and increase commitment, security and motivation of teachers. The method used in this study uses litelature study. Based on the results of the analysis, the coaching strategy to improve the professionalism of vocational teachers can be done in several ways, namely (1) The Concept of Teacher Development as a System, (2) Development of Teachers through Supervision, (3) Teacher Development through Training, (4) Teacher Development through Education Advanced.


The architecture for a shared memory CPU is described. The CPU allows for parallelism down to the level of single instructions and is tolerant of memory latency. All executable instructions and memory accesses are time stamped. The TimeWarp algorithm is used for managing synchronisation. This algorithm is optimistic and requires that all computations can be rolled back. The basic functions required for implementing the control and memory system used by TimeWarp are described. The memory model presented to the programmer is a single linear address space modified by a single thread of control. Thus, at the software level there is no need for explicit synchronising actions when accessing memory. The physical implementation, however, is multiple CPUs with their own caches and local memory with each CPU simultaneously executing multiple threads of control.<<ETX>>