Embryonic rat retinae were transplanted to the brains of newborn rats, and the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons in the retinal tissue was studied 1-2 months after transplantation, using the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemical method. The results showed that distinct TH-positive cells were identified in all retinal transplants examined. The somata of the majority of these TH-immunoreactive cells were located along the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer in the retinal transplants; the processes of these cells were distributed mainly in the outer portion of the inner plexiform layer. This pattern is comparable to that observed in retinae of normal and host rats, suggesting that the organization of the catecholaminergic neurons in the transplant is largely similar to that in the normal retina. However, a reduction of the immunoreactivity in the plexiform layers and subpopulations of TH-positive cells with somatic diameter smaller than 8 microns or larger than 18 microns was observed in most of the retinal transplants studied. This implies that the organization of the catecholaminergic system in the transplant may not be as intact as in the normal retina.


Pineal hormone melatonin synchronizes insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis with solar periods. Misalliance between melatoninmediated circadian rhythms and insulin secretion characterizes diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). Insulin deficiency in T1DM is accompanied by increased melatonin production. Conversely, T2DM is characterized by diminished melatonin secretion. In genome-wide association studies the variants of melatonin receptor MT2 gene (rs1387153 and rs10830963) were associated with fasting glucose, beta-cell function and T2DM. In experimental models of diabetes melatonin enhanced beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis, improved insulin resistance and alleviated oxidative stress in retina and kidneys. However, further investigation is required to assess the therapeutic value of melatonin in diabetic patients.


Seagrasses host an extremely diverse microbiome that plays fundamental roles in seagrass health and productivity but may be sensitive to shifts in host physiology. Here, we observed a leaf reddening phenomenon in Zostera muelleri and characterized bacterial assemblages associated with green and reddened leaves to determine whether this change in leaf pigmentation stimulates shifts in the seagrass microbiome. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we observed that the microbiome associated with 4 different leaf pigmentation categories (i.e. green, white, purple and black) differed significantly, with substantial changes in microbiome composition when the tissue is whitened (non-pigmented). Actinobacteria, Rhodobacteraceae, Erythrobacter, Sulfitobacter and Granulosicoccus were enriched in black and/or purple tissues and discriminated these microbiomes from those associated with green leaves. Contrastingly, all 'discriminatory' zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTUs) were depleted within the communities associated with white samples. While 40% of the abundant zOTUs identified were exclusively associated with a single pigmentation category, only 3% were shared across all categories, indicating partitioning of the phyllosphere microbiome. However, a significant proportion of the 'normal' (green) leaf core microbiome was also retained in the core communities associated with black (70%) and purple (70%) tissues. Contrastingly, no core zOTUs were maintained in the white tissues. These results indicate that environmentally driven physiological shifts in seagrasses, such as leaf reddening expressed in response to high irradiance, can impact the seagrass leaf microbiome, resulting in significant shifts in the microbiome of reddened leaves with the most extreme expression (in white tissue of reddened leaves).


Mental contamination (MC), the experience of dirtiness in the absence of a physical contaminant, has established links with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Shame and guilt have well-documented relationships with symptoms of PTSD and may play a role in the development and maintenance of MC. The present study examined whether trauma-related shame and guilt prospectively predicted daily MC and symptoms of PTSD among 41 women with a history of sexual trauma. Women completed baseline and twice-daily assessments of MC and symptoms of PTSD over a 2-week period and baseline measures of trauma-related shame and guilt. Two sets of hierarchical mixed linear regression models examined individual and combined fixed effects of baseline trauma-related guilt (guilt cognitions and global guilt) and shame in predicting daily trauma-related MC and symptoms of PTSD. Trauma-related shame positively predicted both daily MC and PTSD. This association remained robust even when accounting for the experience of trauma-related guilt. Neither trauma-related guilt cognitions nor global guilt predicted daily MC or PTSD. While other studies have addressed shame related to sexual assault, this is the first study to demonstrate a positive prospective relationship between shame and trauma-related MC. Findings regarding PTSD and shame are consistent with a growing literature. Further research is needed to better understand the temporal relationships between trauma-related shame, MC, and symptoms of PTSD, including how these variables interact and change over the course of PTSD treatment. A better understanding of the factors influencing the development and maintenance of MC can inform efforts to more easily target and improve MC, and subsequently PTSD.


During this period detection of abnormal driving is more important. It give safety to passengers and drivers in vehicle . In our proposed method deep learning methods used for abnormal driving behavior prediction. Deep learning classification methods are more applicable of various fields. The applications are computer vision, speech finding, language processing, audio identification, medical image analysis, bioinformatics and self driving cars. Our simplified method we use three deep learning methods such as CNN, Deep Residual Network and Visualized Geometric Group16. The CNN extract high level features such as hidden object in an image and doesn't need hand designed features. For the purpose we use one dataset that contain 22,424 color frames (images).In the existing system that use novel deep learning fusion methods to detect abnormal driving behavior and the accuracy of that dataset is 82%. Our proposed method revealed an accuracy 87.44%. So new method more better than the existing method.


Research Summary: We examine in detail how one large mobile phone manufacturer develops its anti-counterfeit strategy and seizes counterfeit products on the market. We couple qualitative data (observations from 150 counterfeit sales points worldwide, two focus groups, a survey with 151 respondents, interviews with 90 informants) with econometric analysis of 3,333 fights the focal firm undertook against more than 2,000 counterfeiters in 75 countries over 6 years (2006 – 2011). We focus on firm's seizure of counterfeit products when consumers' safety is at risk. As the firm is more sensitive to product safety than counterfeiters, we found that the firm generally performs larger seizures when unsafe products are involved, but this is less true in the firm's main market, likely because higher profitability offers higher incentives to counterfeiters. Managerial Summary: In companies' fight against counterfeiters, product safety plays a pivotal role. We suggest that companies have a particularly high incentive to seize counterfeit products when the product carries potential safety risks, because the occurrence of safety issues seriously harms its reputation. This research explores the anti-counterfeit strategy undertaken by a large manufacturer operating in the market of mobile phones and in the market of ancillary products (e.g., batteries and chargers). Results show that larger seizures occur in the ancillary rather than in the mobile phone market because while authentic companies have high incentives to seize mobile phone and accessories, as both involve safety risks, counterfeiters have a greater incentive in the main market and thus put less effort in ancillary markets.


Objectives Despite the proliferation of mobile mental health apps, evidence of their efficacy around anxiety or depression is inadequate as most studies lack appropriate control groups. Given that apps are designed to be scalable and reusable tools, insights concerning their efficacy can also be assessed uniquely through comparing different implementations of the same app. This exploratory analysis investigates the potential to report a preliminary effect size of an open-source smartphone mental health app, mindLAMP, on the reduction of anxiety and depression symptoms by comparing a control implementation of the app focused on self-assessment to an intervention implementation of the same app focused on CBT skills. Methods A total of 328 participants were eligible and completed the study under the control implementation and 156 completed the study under the intervention implementation of the mindLAMP app. Both use cases offered access to the same in-app self-assessments and therapeutic interventions. Multiple imputations were utilized to impute the missing Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 survey scores of the control implementation. Results Post hoc analysis revealed small effect sizes of Hedge's g = 0.34 for Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Hedge's g = 0.21 for Patient Health Questionnaire-9 between the two groups. Conclusions mindLAMP shows promising results in improving anxiety and depression outcomes in participants. Though our results mirror the current literature in assessing mental health apps' efficacy, they remain preliminary and will be used to inform a larger, well-powered study to further elucidate the efficacy of mindLAMP.


The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture in 138 patients with earthquake-caused PTSD using Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). 138 cases enrolled were randomly assigned to an electro-acupuncture group and a paroxetine group. The electro-acupuncture group was treated by scalp electro-acupuncture on Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Shenting (GV 24), and Fengchi (GB 20), and the paroxetine group was treated with simple oral administration of paroxetine. The efficacy and safety of the electro-acupuncture on treatment of 69 PTSD patients were evaluated using Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) according to clinical data. The total scores of CAPS, HAMD, and HAMA in the two groups after treatment showed significant efficacy compared to those before treatment. The comparison of reduction in the scores of CAPS, HAMD, and HAMA between the two groups suggested that the efficacy in the treated group was better than that in the paroxetine group. The present study suggested that the electro-acupuncture and paroxetine groups have significant changes in test PTSD, but the electro-acupuncture 2 group was more significant.


We here propose improved version of elastic graph matching (EGM) as a face detector, called the multi -scale EGM (MS-EGM). In this improvement, Gabor wavelet-based pyramid reduces computational complexity for the feature re presentation often used in the conventional EGM, but preserving a crit ical amount of information about an image. The MS-EGM gives us hig her detection performance than Viola-Jones object detection algor ithm of the AdaBoost Haar-like feature cascade. We also show ra pid detection speeds of the MS-EGM, comparable to the Viola-Jones m thod. We find fruitful benefits in the MS-EGM, in terms of t opological feature representation for a face. Keywords—Face Detection, Gabor Wavelet Based Pyramid, Elastic Graph Matching, Topological Preservation, R edundancy of Computational Complexity.


OVCA1/DPH1 (OVCA1) encodes a component of the diphthamide biosynthesis pathway and is located on chromosome 17p13.3. Deletions in this region are associated with Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Ovca1/Dph1 (Ovca1)-null mice exhibit multiple developmental defects, including cleft palate, growth restriction and perinatal lethality, suggesting a role in the craniofacial abnormalities associated with MDS. Conditional ablation of Ovca1 in neural crest cells, but not in cranial paraxial mesoderm, also results in cleft palate and shortened lower jaw phenotypes, similar to Ovca1-null embryos. Expression of transgenic myc-tagged Ovca1 in craniofacial structures can partially rescue the cleft palate and shortened mandible of Ovca1-null embryos. Interestingly, Ovca1-null mutants are resistant to conditional expression of diphtheria toxin subunit A in both neural crest cell and paraxial mesoderm derivatives. However, OVCA1-dependent diphthamide biosynthesis is essential for neural crest cell-derived craniofacial development but that is dispensable for paraxial mesodermal-derived craniofacial structures in mammals. These findings suggest that OVCA1 deficiency in the neural crest contributes to the craniofacial abnormalities in patients with MDS. Also, our findings provide new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to the craniofacial defects of MDS.


Introduction Dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) was recently linked to the development of impulse control disorders such as pathological gambling (PG), hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, and binge or compulsive eating. Antiglutamatergic agents including amantadine (Ama) reduce these behaviors in PD and non-PD patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate the changes in executive functions, emotions, and reward/loss processing during Ama treatment in PD patients. Methods Thirty-three patients affected by idiopathic PD were selected from a cohort of 1,096 PD patients and categorized in three different groups: ten affected by PG (PD-PG); nine PD patients with other impulse control disorder (PD-ICD); and 14 PD patient without any psychiatric disorder (PD-CTR-controls). For the neuropsychological evaluation, the following behavioral tasks where administered: the Stroop, the emotional Stroop, and the monetary reward/loss risk-taking tasks. Results During Ama treatment, PD-PGs showed a decrease in risky choices and an increase in non-risky choices (t(9)=−2.40, P<0.05 and t(9)=2,67, P<0.05 uncorrected, respectively). Between-group comparison showed a significant decrease in risky choices for PD-PG with respect to PD-CTR (t(22)=−4.16, P<0.01), and a decreased accuracy for positive words in comparison between PD-PG and PD-ICD (t(17)=−7,49, P<0.01) and PD-PG and PD-CTR (t(22)=−4.29, P<0.01). No within- and between-group differences were observed for Stroop task. Discussion Our data showed that Ama add-on therapy reduces hypersensitivity to reward and sustains activation toward uncertainty in PD-PG patients. These finding might explain the behavioral mechanism underlying the effect of antiglutamatergic drugs.


The authors obtained self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, and parent reports of depression and social and academic competence on 490 3rd graders and 455 6th graders near the beginning and end of the school year. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that (a) measures showed significant convergent and discriminant validity; (b) within-wave correlations between constructs were large and significant, although the depression-social competence correlation was larger than the depression-academic competence correlation; (c) the cross-wave stability of all constructs was remarkably high; and (d) social competence at Wave 1 predicted depression at Wave 2 for 6th graders after controlling for depression at Wave 1. Depression did not predict change in either academic or social competence over time. Implications for competence-based and failure-based models of child depression are discussed.


The jadomycin-derived compound l-digitoxosyl-phenanthroviridin was isolated from fermentations of Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 grown in nutrient-deficient media with l-lysine as the sole nitrogen source. Structural elucidation was accomplished using a combination of high-resolution MS, LC-MS/MS, and 1D- and 2D-NMR. The compound was evaluated against the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 human tumor cell line screen in both the one-dose and five-dose screens, and cytotoxicity was compared to a small library of jadomycin analogues to probe the structure-activity relationship.


In treating of diet in the chronic catarrhal inflammations of the stomach and intestines it is not intended to limit the discussion to those cases only which are usually classed as such. Our present exact methods show that chronic gastric catarrh in its earlier stages is rarely accompanied by nausea or vomiting and not always by pain in the stomach itself; also that cases of gastritis grave enough to have seriously impaired the health may be characterized by an increase rather than by a diminution of the appetite. Again the same methods prove the frequent coexistence of catarrhal disease in the small intestines and persistent constipation or constipation alternating with diarrhea when the disease has become more advanced. Obstinate chronic diarrhea points usually to an aggravated catarrhal inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane complicated in many cases with ulceration. A proper regulation of the diet is important in most derangements


The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive systems with the different stress relaxation abilities are prepared by varying the curing agent from 0.3% to 3.0% and the effect of the stress relaxation ability of pressure-sensitive adhesive system on the durability of LCD polarizer was investigated. The stress relaxation ability of the crosslinked pressure-sensitive adhesive systems was measured by transient tensile test and dynamic viscoelastic test. And the durability was evaluated by the light-leakage test of polarizer coated with the pressure-sensitive adhesive after it was aged under the condition of 60°C and the relative humidity of 95% for 72 h. It was observed that the stress relaxation ability of pressure-sensitive system is decreased with the crosslinking density, as intended. And the pressure-sensitive adhesive with the lower stress relaxation ability exhibited the lower light-leakage and consequently the higher durability than the other PSA systems. This observation is obviously contradictory to the previous design strategy of PSA system and the reason for this observation was discussed briefly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007


This study provides data on a number of factors that influence phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in rat liver. By means of a method which utilizes crude liver homogenates, the enzyme activity was determined in rat liver obtained from early embryos to 150-day-old animals. The activity increases with age to a maximum at the young adult age of 50–60 days and then declines. The most rapid increase in activity was found between 18–21 days. The female rat livers show a rapid decline in activity with increasing age, then stabilize at a lower activity than males after maturity is reached. Fasting causes a marked drop in activity, and diets deficient in phenylalanine cause a decrease in the enzyme activity. High casein diets, which increase the phenylalanine and total amino acid intake, had no apparent effect on the level of enzyme activity.


Experiment E36 at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) will study the decay of stopped kaons to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, the experiment aims to provide the most stringent test of lepton universality to date in a measurement of the ratio of the Ke2 and Kμ2 decay widths, and will simultaneously search for light new particles, such as a heavy sterile neutrino or a dark photon. The experimental setup is based on the upgraded detector of KEK experiment E246 and includes a large-acceptance toroidal spectrometer for tracking charged particles with high resolution, combined with a photon calorimeter with large solid angle. The current status of the upcoming experiment and the planned measurements will be presented.


We studied caching behavior in the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae in the Dawu, Guo Luo, Qinghai Province from July to October of 2004 when caching behaviour occurs. Counts of cradaled plant species were obtained using placement, quadrat sampling, and transection methods. The results showed that in the growing season plateau pika cached hay-piles for feeding in the winter. Plant species chosen by the plateau pika reflected their habitat vegetation. Plants collected by plateau pika were placed on plants with spacious leaves to prevent the hay-piles from rotting. The results of excavation indicated that plateau pika habitually store food in holes.


Meinhard Bayani Cardenas received the 2011 Early Career Hydrologic Sciences Award at the 2011 AGU Fall Meeting, held 5–9 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award is for significant early career contributions to hydrologic science.


Basically, the main objective of this project is to design and construct an aerodynamic
hybrid electric vehicle and also minimizing the overall vehicle weight and body part by
usingother alternatives sources instead of steel.
The reason of concentrating on aerodynamic is due to the Coefficient of Drag (Co) that
exerts on the vehicle body and hence by reducing the force will increase the car
performance. Moreover, the conventional car body is not practical to be used for hybrid
electric vehicle. Thus, lightweight material has to replace the conventional usage of steel
as car external body in order to maintainand increasethe performance while reducing the
fuel consumption.
The study involves on the existing car as the point of references by upgrading or
changing the body part, which is not applicable for hybrid electric vehicle. In fact,
feasibility study has to be done to understand the concept. The process flows start from
the design, testingand until the construction of the prototype car as the practical solution.


The lumbar pseudomeningocele (PSM) is an uncommon condition, mainly, after a lumbar blunt trauma. The authors present a rare case of PSM following a lumbar blunt trauma which did not show any abnormalities in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar region. Firstly, the patient underwent to conservative treatment that fail and then it was performed a surgical approach of the lumbar area, however, the lumbar !uid collection appeared again and a lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) was then performed with complete successful. One year and half afterwards the LPS the patient continues asymptomatic. The standard treatment of this condition remains uncertain, but the conservative treatment followed by LPS is a good option and can be done in several cases.


In the paper, an investigation of copper metallurgical slags found in the South Urals and dating to the Bronze Age between 4000 and 1300 BCE is carried out. Four main mineralogical types are distinguished according to their mineral composition: Cr-rich spinel containing olivine, sulphide-containing olivine, sulphide containing glassy and pyroxene type. First type of slags is composed of zoned olivine, magnetite and glass having relicts of Cr-rich spinels and serpentinites that indicate the use of azurite-malachite ores from ultrabasic rocks. These finds were determined in sites of the Early Yamna period in the Cis-Urals and are widespread in Sintashta culture. The second type is composed of skeletal olivine crystals, magnetite and wustite with copper sulphides droplets. It type belongs to Alakul period. The raw material sources are sulphide ores from a secondary enrichment zone of VMS, skarn and Cu-porphyry deposits. The sulphide containing glassy type is mainly composed of glass with copper and sulphide droplets. The slags were recovered in the Srubna sites. The raw material sources were rich sulphide ores of cupriferous sandstones. The pyroxene type is composed of augite, pigeonite and/or wollastonite with a small amount of glass and sulphide inclusions. According to the composition of glass, slags can be distinguished into the Cis-Uralian type, including cupriferous sandstones, and Trans-Uralian type having various volcanogenic-hydrothermal deposits as raw materials. Essential Ca, P, Ba and REE impurities in slag glass demonstrate the use of barite, calcite and bone fluxes. The phase diagrams, crystallisation temperatures and experimental data revealed that slag melt temperatures ranged between 1150–1300 ° C.


Cortical compression can be a significant problem in many types of brain injuries, such as brain trauma, localized brain edema, hematoma, focal cerebral ischemia, or brain tumors. Mechanical and cellular alterations can result in global changes in excitation and inhibition on the neuronal network level even in the absence of histologically significant cell injury, often manifesting clinically as seizures. Despite the importance and prevalence of this problem, however, the precise electrophysiological effects of brain injury have not been well characterized. In this study, the changes in electrophysiology were characterized following sustained cortical compression using large-scale, multielectrode measurement of multiunit activity in primary somatosensory cortex in a sensory-evoked, in vivo animal model. Immediately following the initiation of injury at a distal site, there was a period of suppression of the evoked response in the rat somatosensory cortex, followed by hyper-excitability that was accompanied by an increase in the spatial extent of cortical activation. Paired-pulse tactile stimulation revealed a dramatic shift in the excitatory/inhibitory dynamics, suggesting a longer term hyperexcitability of the cortical circuit following the initial suppression that could be linked to the disruption of one or more inhibitory mechanisms of the thalamocortical circuit. Together, our results showed that the use of a sensory-evoked response provided a robust and repeatable functional marker of the evolution of the consequences of mild injury, serving as an important step toward in vivo quantification of alterations in excitation and inhibition in the cortex in the setting of traumatic brain injury.


Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex, multifactorial disease and the underlying pathogenesis is unclear. It is essential to improve our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of CAD for developing effective methods of early diagnosis and treatment.Results: We recruited 190 participants including normal coronary artery (n = 49), stable coronary artery disease (n = 93) and acute myocardial infarction patients (n = 48). We combined metagenomics (16S rRNA sequencing and gut microbiome whole-genome sequencing) and multi-type metabolomics (serum, faeces and urine) analyses to determine the correlations among metabolites, the microbiota and clinical indexes to identify biomarkers of CAD. Compared with the faecal metabolites, serum and urine metabolites exhibited strong correlation with clinical indexes. Comparing the three types of metabolome, we discovered that the faecal and urine metabolome was more suitable than the serum metabolome for correlation analysis with the microbiota. Furthermore, we found that the serum and urine metabolome was more suitable than the faecal metabolome for correlation analysis with the clinical indexes. We constructed, for the first time, the relationship networks among the microbiota, metabolites and pathways. Through the relationship network analysis, we identified some important differential metabolites and delineated how these metabolites are related to the differentially abundant microbes.Conclusions: In our research, we used metagenome and multi-type metabolome profiling based on hundreds of samples to figure out the correlations among metabolites, microbiota and clinical indexes. In addition, we firstly constructed the relationship networks of microbiota, metabolites and pathways. We believe our findings can help the researchers to further understand the pathogenesis of CAD.


Streptomyces species are important producers of bioactive compounds such as antibiotics, antitumor and immunosuppressant drugs. Around two-thirds of all known natural antibiotics are produced by these bacteria and antibiotic production is linked to sporulation. The discovery of new bioactive compounds has declined since the 1960s but genome sequencing has revealed the potential to identify many more bioactive compounds. They are many secondary metabolite gene clusters which are inactive (silent) under laboratory conditions. We characterize the highly conserved actinobacterial two component system MtrAB which coordinates sporulation with secondary metabolite production in the two model organisms Streptomyces venezuelae and S. coelicolor. Deletion of the histidine kinase gene mtrB resulted in increased production of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in S. venezuelae and actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin in S. coelicolor. Chloramphenicol is not usually produced under laboratory condition which suggests that deleting mtrB can activate silent antibiotic clusters. Additionally, we introduced point mutations at the D56 phosphorylation site of MtrA by CRISPR-Cas9 to abolish phosphorylation. This mutant shows the same phenotype as the ΔmtrA strain and chloramphenicol production is increased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to identify MtrA targets and revealed that MtrA likely controls secondary metabolite production by binding to the promoter regions of cluster situated regulators in both model organisms. Additionally, MtrA binds upstream of genes involved in DNA replication and cell division. To our knowledge this is the first evidence of the connection of development and secondary metabolite production by a two component system.


Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the association of mental well-being and depression with periodontal clinical attachment loss among young adults in postwar urban population of Sebha city, Libya. Materials and Methods: Mental well-being and depression were assessed using Arabic versions of World Health Organization (WHO) five well-being index and major depression inventory (ICD-10), respectively. Random sample of 149 subjects were studied. Degree of periodontal attachment was measured at six sites per tooth using a rigid manual periodontal probe. Result and Conclusion: A total of 59.11% of the studied samples had healthy mental well-being state, whereas 40.81% had poor mental well-being. The severity of depression was stronger in males than in females. In the present study mental well-being, depression, and all its categories did not have any significant effect on periodontal attachment loss. Further studies and health interventions can be planned based on this data.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the preliminary clinical results of prosthetic gingival reconstruction in vertical bone defect patients.

METHODS
The study included 31 partial or edentulous patients (male 22, female 9) with 152 implants supporting fixed prostheses from February 2002 to January 2011 in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The implant-supported fixed prostheses with artificial gingival material to compensate for vertical defect were delivery after implant healing period. At time of prostheses delivery, a panoramic radiograph was taken. The results were evaluated according to California Dental Association by two prosthodontists. Clinical observation included survival of the implants, integrity of the restoration, complication of prosthesis and degree of satisfaction of the patients.

RESULTS
A total of 152 implants supported fixed prostheses with artificial gingival materials to compensate vertical bone defect were delivered. No implants lost, and the survival rate was 100% during the follow-up period. The sore of acceptance of prosthesis was 96.8%. All patients were satisfied with the clinical results.

CONCLUSIONS
The artificial gingival reconstruction technique is feasible for vertical bone defect patients.


Febrile convulsions defined as a convulsion associated with a rectal temperature of 38°C or more are common in children under 4 years: about 3% of children will have had one before reaching school age. The susceptibility to febrile convulsions is probably inherited as a dominant trait.1 Although most children who get febrile convulsions cease to have seizures of any kind as they grow older, prolonged or severe convulsions may sometimes lead to permanent sequelae. About 17% of children whose first fit occurs with fever will later have attacks when afebrile.2 3 These patients have a relatively high incidence of abnormal neurological signs and perinatal abnormalities including mental and motor retardation before the first fit.2 3 Perinatal abnormalities of the CNS increase the liability to any type of epilepsy, be it post-traumatic, due to metabolic causes, or associated with fever.


The aims of this study are: a) know the level of satisfaction that the young handball player has to perform various technical and tactical actions, by play category; b) Meet the technical-tactical actions that the player prefers to perform during games and trainings, by play category; c) find out how much like to play offense and defense to the handball players, by play category; d) Analyze the type of action play they prefer shares by play category; e) know the numbers game situations preferred in each play category. For that purpose a selective study was developed in U-14 and U-16 categories, both male and female, who participated in the Championship of Spain Handball by territorial selections in 2012. We used like instrument "Preferences and Satisfaction Questionnaire in handball players". The most significant results showed that: a) the action that players most like to execute is the shot, both U14 and U16; b) players prefer to be on offense than defense; c) players perceive that they like their coaches is to defend; d) certain defensive actions receive a high score in terms of preference, this may be due to perception players have about what it is they like their coaches; e) U16 prefer to use more complex actions against U12 who prefer more simple actions. These data may be used to facilitate the teachinglearning process of young players and achieve greater satisfaction in practice.


Considering that oral preparations made with peel green bananas (e.g. flour and extracts) demonstrated healing effects on mucous membranes and skin, this study evaluated the healing and the antimicrobial property of a topical preparation based on extract of Musa sapientum L., Musaceae, (apple banana) in surgically induced wounds in the skin of male Wistar rats, 100 g. The extract was obtained by decoction, the presence of tannins was detected by phytochemical screening and 10% of the extract was incorporated into the carbopol gel (CMS gel). The processes of healing and bacterial isolation were evaluated in the following experimental groups: control (no treatment), treatment with placebo or with the CMS gel. The healing of surgical wounds treated with the CMS gel was faster when compared with the control and placebo groups and the treatment with CMS gel also inhibited the growth of pyogenic bacteria and enterobacteria in the wounds. The results indicate that the extract of Musa sapientum epicarp has healing and antimicrobial properties (in vivo), probably, due to tannins.


RF currents at frequencies well above the ion plasma frequency can be easily suppressed in the space charge sheath of a Langmuir probe by using a suitably chosen low capacitance series resistor R. Such a resistor was used to eliminate the influence of RF currents on the probe characteristics: for blocking harmonics in RF discharges with driving frequencies of the order of , such as the commonly used 13.56 MHz discharges and also for blocking the fundamental in discharges at higher frequencies (27 MHz and above). The influence of the resistor R on the probe characteristics was eliminated either numerically or automatically by including the series resistor into the negative feedback loop of a current - voltage converter circuit made from a low frequency operational amplifier. Its output was directly used as the probe current signal. RF blocking by a combination of a resistor and two resonant coils for 13.5 MHz and 9.5 MHz respectively, is shown to result in probe characteristics which are unperturbed even around the space potential.


To study the specific actions of relaxin through RXFP1 in human cells, it would be advantageous to develop cell populations with permanent RXFP1 knockdown (KD). We have developed and assessed four microRNA against human RXFP1. One of the four designed microRNA displayed significant RXFP1 KD as assessed by reduced relaxin binding when co-transfected with human RXFP1 into HEK-293T cells. The selected microRNA sequence was subsequently retrovirally delivered into the human dermal fibroblast cell line BJ3 which natively expresses RXFP1. The RXFP1 KD BJ3 cells displayed diminished RXFP1 mRNA expression and complete loss of ability of relaxin treatment to reduce collagen deposition after TGF-beta1 stimulation. The retroviral expression of miRNA to successfully silence RXFP1 expression is an invaluable tool to investigate receptor specificity, signalling and possible off-target effects of newly developed relaxin analogs.


MANY ELEMENTS of the Korsakow psychosis or amnestic confabulatory state appear during the process of recovery from brain injuries such as those resulting from acute head injuries and ruptured intracranial aneurysms. After emergence from coma and the return of verbal responsiveness, amnesia, confabulation, disorientation for place and time, reduplicative delusions (reduplicative paramnesia), and misidentification of persons and objects are commonly expressed. These phenomena have been variously defined, classified, and interpreted. (In this paper, confabulation is defined as the fictitious narrative of some past event or events. Reduplication for place is the statement that there are two or more places, usually the hospital, of the same or similar names, although only one exists. Reduplication for person is the attributing of two or more identities to a single person, such as claiming that a ward attendant is also a classmate or that a nurse


This interesting monograph contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Enzymes in Urine held in Switzerland in October 1967. This program was under the direction of H. Wirz, J. H. Wilkinson, and H. Mattenheimer. Many authorities from various disciplines were brought together to discuss this field which is beginning to realize some clinical significance. There are a total of 11 chapters, each followed by a general discussion; these are probably the most valuable parts of the book, together with rather excellent bibliographies and numerous cases. One chapter in particular, by J. H. Wilkinson from Philadelphia, on the "Diagnostic Significance of Enzyme Determinations in the Urine" is outstanding. He describes in considerable detail the normal values as well as the disturbed levels for lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase found in various disease states. Unfortunately, as he has pointed out, neither enzyme is specific in differential diagnosis. He summarizes by stating


Abstract Background: Laparoscopic right hepatectomy (LRH) is one of the most challenging procedures. Right liver resections have been always performed in open procedure and open right hepatectomy (ORH) was initially considered as routine way. Moreover, it is unclear how beneficial the minimally invasive technique is to patients; thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to acquire a more reliable conclusion about the feasibility and safety of LRH compared with ORH. Methods: We comprehensively searched the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using the key words. Meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager, with results expressed as odds ratio and weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. The fixed-effect model was selected initially if high heterogeneity was not present between the studies; otherwise, the randomized-effect model was used. Subgroup analysis was performed based on different surgical methods of pure laparoscopic operation or hand-assisted operation. Results: Seven studies with 467 patients were included. In the overall analysis, less intraoperative blood loss (MD = –155.17; 95% CI, –238.89, –71.45; P = .0003) and a shorter length of stay (MD = –4.45; 95% CI, –5.84, –3.07; P < .00001) were observed in the LRH group compared to the ORH group. There were fewer overall complications (OR = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.90; P = 0.03) and severe complications (OR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.58; P = .002;) in the LRH group than in the ORH group. The disadvantage of LRH was the longer operative time (MD = 49.39; 95% CI, 5.33, 93.45; P = .03). No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in portal occlusion, rate of R0 resection, transfusion rate, mild complications, and postoperative mortality. In the subgroup analysis, intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the pure LRH group and hand-assist LRH group compared with ORH group. Length of stay was shorter by use of pure LRH and hand-assisted LRH manners than ORH. The incidence rate of complications was lower in the pure LRH group than in the ORH group. In contrast, there was no significant difference between hand-assisted LRH group and ORH group. Conclusion: Compared to ORH, LRH has short-term surgical advantages and leads to a shorter recovery time in selected patients. We speculate that the operative time of LRH is closer with ORH. Overall, LRH can be considered a feasible choice in routine clinical practice with experienced surgeons, although more evidence is needed to make a definitive conclusion.


Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) has been used successfully to delineate reservoir vertical and lateral connectivity and properties of the produced fluids. The DFA tools can measure bulk fluid properties such as gas/oil ratio (GOR), light-end compositions (CO2, C1, C2, C3–C5 and C6 ), oil-based mud (OBM) filtrate contamination level, color (optical density) that is linearly related to the heavy ends (asphaltenes and/or resins), live fluid density and viscosity, etc. in real time at downhole conditions.
Because of overbalance of drilling and formation pressures, and miscibility of OBM filtrate with formation hydrocarbons, the sampled hydrocarbon fluid is usually contaminated by OBM filtrate. This OBM filtrate contamination affects an accurate characterization of the reservoir fluid. On the other hand, DFA flowline temperature is slightly different than formation temperature. DFA flowline pressure, however, may be significantly different from formation pressure because the flowline pressure can be below the formation pressure when the DFA sensor is beside the probe/packer or above the formation pressure when it is on the output side of the pumpout within the Wireline Formation Tester (WFT). Therefore, decontamination of OBM filtrate on fluid properties and conversion of them from flowline to formation conditions are of great importance to interpret DFA measurements. A new reliable method has been developed in real time for characterizing downhole reservoir fluids, decontaminating OBM filtrate on the DFA-measured fluid properties and converting the DFA data from the flowline to formation conditions. The method has been validated against laboratory measurements of different types of reservoir fluids and OBM filtrates with successful results. This methodology establishes a powerful approach for conducting decontamination of OBM filtrate on DFA measurements in real time at downhole conditions.


The Primary Teacher Education (PrimTEd) project was established in response to concerns about the pre-service preparation of primary teachers in South Africa. In order to inform the development of appropriate pre-service mathematics courses, an initial need in the PrimTEd project was to establish the nature of the mathematical knowledge of pre-service teachers both near the start and also near the end of their studies, through an online assessment. This paper describes the design of this PrimTEd online mathematics test and reports on the performance on the test of first-year and fourth-year primary mathematics student teachers, at three different universities. The overall performance of students together with the small differences between first and fourth year student performance indicate a need for student teachers to revisit primary school mathematics in a way that provides a deep understanding of key mathematical concepts in order to be better prepared for future teaching careers.


Supraglottitis is a disorder with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality in adults. Of the 25 patients we reviewed, 18 were black, representing the largest series of black adults with this condition reported in the medical literature. The mean age for black men was 14 years younger than previously described adults with supraglottitis. The index of suspicion for supraglottitis should be high in young adults with odynophagia out of proportion to findings on oropharyngeal examination. Indirect laryngoscopy will confirm the diagnosis and allow prompt initiation of treatment. Early recognition and treatment will avoid complications.


Ribosomal S6 kinase is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in the regulation of cell viability. There are two subfamilies of ribosomal s6 kinase, (p90rsk, p70rsk). Especially, p90rsk is known to be an important downstream kinase of p44/42 MAPK. We investigated the role of p90rsk on ethanol-induced cell proliferation of HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with 10~50 mM of ethanol with or without ERK and p90rsk inhibitors. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The expression of pERK1, NHE1 was measured by Western blots. The phosphorylation of p90rsk was measured by ELISA kits. The expression of Bcl-2 was measured by qRT-PCR. When the cells were treated with 10~30 mM of ethanol for 24 hour, it showed significant increase in cell viability versus control group. Besides, 10~30 mM of ethanol induced increased expression of pERK1, p-p90rsk, NHE1 and Bcl-2. Moreover treatment of p90rsk inhibitor attenuated the ethanol-induced increase in cell viability and NHE1 and Bcl-2 expression. In summary, these results suggest that p90rsk, a downstream kinase of ERK, plays a stimulatory role on ethanol-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression by activating anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and NHE1 known to regulate cell survival.


PURPOSE
Bleeding is the main cause of postoperative complications during hepatic surgery. Blood loss and transfusions increase tumor recurrence in liver metastases from colorectal cancer. A high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) device with an integrated ultrasound imaging probe was developed for the treatment of colorectal liver metastasis.

METHODS
The HIFU toroidal-shaped transducer contains 256 elements (working frequency: 3 MHz) and can create a single conical lesion of 7 cm3 in 40 s. Then, the volume of treatment can be significantly increased by juxtaposing single lesions. Presented here is the use of this device in an animal model as a complementary tool to improve surgical resection in the liver. Before transecting the liver, a wall of coagulative necrosis was performed using this device in order to minimize blood loss and dissection time during hepatectomy. Resection assisted by HIFU was compared to classical dissections with clamping [intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM) group] and without clamping (control group). For each technique, 14 partial liver resections were performed in seven pigs. Blood loss per dissection surface area and resection time were the main outcome parameters.

RESULTS
Conserving liver blood inflow during hepatic resection assisted by HIFU did not increase total blood loss (7.4 +/- 3.3 ml cm(-2)) compared to hepatic resection performed during IPM and controlled blood inflow (11.2 +/- 2.2 ml cm(-2)). Lower blood loss was measured on average when using HIFU, even though difference with clamping (IPM) was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Resection assisted by HIFU reduced blood loss by 50% compared to control group (14.0 +/- 3.4 ml cm(-2), p = 0.03). The duration of transection when using HIFU (13 +/- 3 min) was significantly lower compared to clamping (23 +/- 4 min, p < 0.01) and control (18 +/- 3 min, p = 0.02). Precoagulation also resulted in sealing blood vessels with a diameter of less than 5 mm, and therefore the number of clips needed in the HIFU group was significantly lower (0.8 +/- 0.2 cm(-2)) when compared to clamping (1.6 +/- 0.2 cm(-2), p < 0.01) and control (1.8 +/- 0.4 cm(-2), p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
This method holds promise for future clinical applications in resection of liver metastases.


Abstract Background: The optimal primary external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) radiation schedule for malignant epidural spinal cord compression (MSCC) remains to be determined. The ICORG 05-03 trial assessed if a 10 Gy single fraction radiation schedule was not inferior to one with 20 Gray (Gy) in five daily fractions, in terms of functional motor outcome, for the treatment of MSCC in patients not proceeding with surgical decompression. This article reports on two of the secondary endpoints, Quality of life (QoL), assessed according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) version 3.0 (EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium) and pain control assessed using a visual analog scale. Methods: A randomized, parallel group, multicenter phase III trial was conducted by Cancer Trials Ireland (formerly All-Ireland Cooperative Oncology Research Group, ICORG), across five hospital sites in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Patients were randomized to 10 Gy single fraction of EBRT or 20 Gy in five fractions in a 1:1 ratio. Patients with baseline and 5-week follow up QoL data are included in this analysis. Findings: From 2006 to 2014, 112 eligible patients were enrolled for whom 57 were evaluated for this secondary analysis. After adjusting for pre-intervention scores, there was no statistically significant difference in post-treatment Summary scores (excl. FI and QL), or pain scores between the two RT schedules at 5 weeks and 3 months following EBRT. There was a statistically significant relationship between the pretreatment and post-treatment Summary scores (p =  .002) but not between the pre-treatment and post-treatment pain scores. Interpretation: Primary radiotherapy for the treatment of MSCC significantly improves QoL in patients not proceeding with surgical decompression. After adjusting for pre-intervention scores, there was no statistically significant difference between a 10 Gy single fraction radiation schedule and one with 20 Gy in five daily fractions on post-treatment QoL Summary scores. For most patients, an effective treatment with low burden would be desirable. A single fraction schedule should be considered for this group of patients.


Biomarker rutin was analyzed in methanol extracts of leaves of five different species of genus Ficus (Ficus carica, Ficus nitida, Ficus ingens, Ficus palmata and Ficus vasta) by NP-HPTLC (Method I) and RP- HPTLC methods (Method II). The development and validation for method I was carried out with silica gel 60F254 plates using EA: GAA: FA: H2O (10:1:1:2.5, v/v/v/v) as developing system. Method II was carried out on silica gel 60F254 RP-18 plates using mobile phase ACN: H2O (4:6 v/v). Both analyses were scanned at 305 nm and were found to give well resolved peak of rutin at Rf0.28±0.01 and 0.68±0.03 for Method I and Method II, respectively. The percentage of rutin was found to be 0.51% & 0.66% in F. ingens, 0.24% & 0.54% in F. palmata and 0.14% & 0.17% in F. vasta by Method I & Method II, respectively. Method II (RP-HPTLC) was found to be more accurate, precise and sensitive than Method I. Method II can be used as an important tool for standardization and quality control of bulk drugs and in-process formulations of rutin.


Nuclear level densities play an important role in nuclear reactions such as the formation of the compound nucleus. We develop a microscopic calculation of the level density based on a combinatorial evaluation from a realistic single-particle level scheme. This calculation makes use of a fast Monte Carlo algorithm allowing us to consider large shell model spaces which could not be treated previously in combinatorial approaches. Since our model relies on a microscopic basis, it can be applied to exotic nuclei with more confidence than the commonly used semiphenomenological formuals. An exhaustive comparison of our predicted neutron s-wave resonance spacings with experimental data for a wide range of nuclei is presented.


Microglia are a resident population of phagocytic immune cells that reside within the central nervous system (CNS). During gestation, they are highly sensitive to their surrounding environment and can alter their physiology to respond to perceived neural insults, potentially leading to adverse influences on nearby neural progenitors. Given that bisphenol A (BPA) itself can impact developing brains, and that microglia express estrogen receptors to which BPA can bind, here we asked whether fetal microglia are responsive to gestational BPA exposure. Accordingly, we exposed pregnant dams to control or 50 mg of BPA per kg diet during gestation to investigate the impact of maternal BPA on embryonic hypothalamic microglia. Gestational BPA exposure from embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5) to E15.5 resulted in a significant increase in the number of microglia present in the hypothalamus of both male and female embryos. Staining for microglial activation using CD68 showed no change between control and prenatal BPA-exposed microglia, regardless of sex. Similarly, analysis of cultured embryonic brains demonstrated that gestational BPA exposure failed to change the secretion of cytokines or chemokines, regardless of embryo sex or the dose (50 μg of BPA per kg or 50 mg of BPA per kg maternal diet) of BPA treatment. In contrast, live-cell imaging of microglia dynamics in E15.5 control and gestationally-exposed BPA hypothalamic slices showed increased ramification of microglia exposed to BPA. Moreover, live-cell imaging also revealed a significant increase in the number of microglial phagocytic cups visible following exposure to gestational BPA. Together, these results suggest that gestational BPA exposure impacts embryonic hypothalamic microglia, perhaps leading them to alter their interactions with developing neural programs.


CONTEXT
Mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene often cause lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH). In this disorder an impairment of steroid synthesis leads to adrenal and gonadal insufficiencies with a particular female genital phenotype in both human karyotypes. Pregnancy in LCAH has not been yet reported.

OBJECTIVE
We describe the first cases of pregnancy in a LCAH female patient bearing the L275P mutation in the StAR gene.

DESIGN
We studied the gonadal function, pubertal development, and apply the appropriate hormonal therapy to support pregnancies.

PATIENT
A 46,xx patient of French Canadian descent was diagnosed with LCAH at the age of 4.5 months. Substitution therapy with glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids led to normal growth and development. Progressive pubertal development started at the age of 11 7/12 yr. Menarche occurred at 14 2/12 yr with normal regular menstruations thereafter but without ovulation.

RESULTS
Clomiphene stimulation induced the first pregnancy at 25 4/12 yr of age. Spontaneous abortion occurred after 6 wk gestation. The second pregnancy (with clomiphene stimulation) was induced at the age of 26 yr. Progesterone (Prog) therapy was added at the 17th day of the cycle to protect pregnancy. Vaginal delivery of dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy occurred at 30 wk gestation (two normal weight male babies). Two years later, again under clomiphene stimulation, she underwent another successful singleton pregnancy and delivered a normal weight female baby at 36 wk. The pregnancies were almost uncomplicated.

CONCLUSION
Despite the dysfunctional StAR, pregnancy is possible under the proper therapeutic strategy.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

ErbB2 overexpression is strongly associated with invasive cancer with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Similarly, increased expression of lysosomal proteases, cysteine cathepsins, is observed in several cancers and correlates with enhanced angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. We recently showed that ErbB2 level correlates positively with cysteine cathepsin B and L levels in primary breast cancer and that ErbB2 regulates the expression of cathepsins B and L leading to their increased activity in several ErbB2-positive breast cancer cell lines. The increased cysteine cathepsin activity is essential for the invasion of ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells in 3-dimensional (3D) Matrigel cultures and is mediated by novel signaling network that involves TGFβR, ERK2-MAPK, PAK4, PKCα and CDC42bpβ kinases and two transcription factors, MZF1 and ETS1.

With a pharmacological protein kinase inhibitor screen, using the ErbB2 inhibitor Lapatinib as positive control, we have now identified three inhibitors putatively targeting this novel ErbB2-induced signaling network. Our data shows that the treatment of ErbB2-positive, highly invasive breast or ovarian cancer cells with any of these inhibitors specifically reduces cysteine cathepsin expression, activity and invasion of these cancer cells in 3D Matrigel cultures. It also reverses lysosomal distribution from the invasion supporting pericellular position to less-invasive perinuclear position, where the lysosomal exocytosis and secretion of lysosome contents to extracellular space to assist extracellular matrix proteolysis becomes less likely. In this study we have identified novel inhibitors for ErbB2-induced invasion and discovered a novel, function for clinically used ErbB2 inhibitor Lapatinib in the regulation of lysosomal function and trafficking.

Citation Format: Tuula Kallunki, Ditte M. Brix, Bo Rafn, Knut Kristoffer Bundgaard Clemmensen, Sofie Hagel Andersen, Noona Ambartsumian, Marja Jaattela. Targeting ERBB2-induced, lysosome-mediated invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3149. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3149


Multilingual dictionaries and parallel text corpora provide a powerful means for discovering the shared linguistic knowledge across languages. One of the phenomenathat has been revealed in many languages (English, Italian, Russian and especially German), but still not treated cross- linguistically, is the close relationship between the verbal aspect and Aktionsart (a syntactic- semantic category covering the manner of action, action type, verbal character or aspectual character) as well as the fact that both the aspect and Aktionsart are result of the derivational process. For the proper interpretation of Aktionsart in any language, the function of prefix in the derived verb is the mostimportant: if the prefix exhibits the function of semantic modification, then it signifies Aktionsart of the derived verb, causing the change of verbal aspect as well. In our recent research we discovered the unique semantic features of verb prefixes in Croatian and captured them in the Croatian verb valency lexicon CROVALLEX. The syntactic and semantic connection between base verbs and derived prefixed verbs was revealed and modeled as rules which contribute to the enrichment of the CROVALLEX lexicon. We analyzed all productive derivational verb prefixes in Croatian and proved that the prefix entails not only the change in the verbal aspect, but, more importantly, the change in the lexical meaning of the verb, the change in valency frame (both the number of arguments and the surface forms) as well as the syntactic-semantic class.We proved that the process of prefixation establishes connection between different base verbs that start to share the same semantic feature due to the prefix attached. Furthermore, when determining the typology of semantic features of each productive prefix in Croatian we realized that the features implicated by prefixation usually mean temporality (inchoative, punctuative, durative, iterative), locativeness, direction (adlative, ablative, perlative), dimension (intensive, diminutive), state change (resultative, mutative), transformativity, distribution, comitativity, etc. Our future step is to discover the possibility for the automatic cross-linguistic transfer of these semantic features from Croatian to Latin, Italian and German (as well as vice versa), using available digital texts of bilingual and multilingual dictionaries(digitized in the Croatian Dictionary Heritage and Croatian European Identity projector collected from free Internet sources). As a result, we plan to capture the semantic parameters of verb classes in each language that unify verbs with a certain syntactic and semantic behavior, proving the possibility to generalize the knowledge of the cross-linguistic transfer to acquire the syntax and semantics of verbs in all four languages. Research questions posed here will reveal if there is a possibility to extract the specific semantics and function of verb prefixes cross-linguistically, providing a framework for the description and comparison of individual languages. We believe that our present work sets markers for the future research, but also determine the Croatian share in the European language diversity.


Reading is a dominant skill in translating. This study investigates if the reading skills of the trainees influence translating and which of the instruction, form or meaning focused translation instruction, is more effective in improving the reading skills of ELT students. The subject pool for the study consisted of 75 undergraduate students who have taken the Translation (from English to Turkish) at the Department of English Language Teaching, Gazi University: 40 for the experimental group, and 35 for the control group. The subjects took the Translation course for 10 weeks in the first term of the 2009-2010 academic year. As a result of the study it can be said that both groups improved their reading skills but the trainees in the experimental group which received meaning focused translation instruction showed better improvement than the control group.


The N-end rule pathway is a proteolytic system in which N-terminal residues of short-lived proteins are recognized by recognition components (N-recognins) as essential components of degrons, called N-degrons. Known N-recognins in eukaryotes mediate protein ubiquitylation and selective proteolysis by the 26S proteasome. Substrates of N-recognins can be generated when normally embedded destabilizing residues are exposed at the N terminus by proteolytic cleavage. N-degrons can also be generated through modifications of posttranslationally exposed pro-N-degrons of otherwise stable proteins; such modifications include oxidation, arginylation, leucylation, phenylalanylation, and acetylation. Although there are variations in components, degrons, and hierarchical structures, the proteolytic systems based on generation and recognition of N-degrons have been observed in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes examined thus far. The N-end rule pathway regulates homeostasis of various physiological processes, in part, through interaction with small molecules. Here, we review the biochemical mechanisms, structures, physiological functions, and small-molecule-mediated regulation of the N-end rule pathway.


We previously conducted a trial of an 'individualized' regimen, in which cancer patients were vaccinated with peptides after the confirmation of pre-existing peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors. In this study, we performed a new trial of 'pre-designated' regimen, in which cancer patients were vaccinated with peptides that were frequently selected as vaccine candidates in the preceding individualized regimen. Eighteen cancer patients (10 with uterine cervical cancer and 8 with gastric cancer) were enrolled in the new regimen. The pre-designated regimen was well tolerated by all patients. Although peptide-specific CTL precursors and humoral responses increased in the majority of patients with the pre-designated regimen, neither of the responses correlated with clinical outcome. Three patients had long stable disease, and their pre-vaccination peripheral blood mononuclear cells contained peptide-specific CTL precursors reactive to more than 2 of 4 peptides. With the pre-designated regimen, the levels of pre-existing immunoglobulin G reactive to non-vaccinated peptides decreased in 5 of 15 patients with progressive disease, and their time to progression was very short, whereas such a decrease was rarely observed in the preceding individualized regimen. These results suggest that the pre-designated regimen can elicit a primary immune response, but may incidentally suppress pre-existing immune responses.


The present article deals with the theoretical study on electrophoresis of hydrophobic and dielectric spherical fluid droplets possessing uniform surface charge density. Unlike the ideally polarizable liquid droplet bearing constant surface ζ-potential, the tangential component of the Maxwell stress is nonzero for dielectric fluid droplets with uniform surface charge density. We consider the continuity of the tangential component of total stress (sum of the hydrodynamic and Maxwell stresses) and jump in dielectric displacement along the droplet-to-electrolyte interface. The typical situation is considered here for which the interfacial tension of the fluid droplet is sufficiently high so that the droplet retains its spherical shape during its motion. The present theory can be applied to nanoemulsions, hydrophobic oil droplets, gas bubbles, droplets of immiscible liquid suspended in aqueous medium, etc. Based on weak field and low charge assumptions and neglecting the Marangoni effect, the resultant electrokinetic equations are solved using linear perturbation analysis to derive the closed form expression for electrophoretic mobility applicable for the entire range of Debye-Hückel parameter. We further deduced an alternate approximate expression for electrophoretic mobility without involving exponential integrals. Besides, we have derived analytical results for mobility pertaining to various limiting cases. The results are further illustrated to show the impact of pertinent parameters on the overall electrophoretic mobility.


We report here the synthesis, crystal structure, characterization and anticancer activity of a copper(ii)-hydrazone complex, [Cu(MeBHoVa)(H2O)2](NO3) (for short, CuHL), against human breast cancer cells on monolayer (2D) and spheroids/mammospheres (3D). The solid-state molecular structure of the complex has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The conformational space was searched and geometries were optimized both in the gas phase and including solvent effects by computational methods based on DFT. The compound has been characterized in the solid state and in solution by spectroscopic (FTIR, Raman, UV-vis) methods. The results were compared with those obtained for the hydrazone ligand and complemented with DFT calculations. Cell viability assays on MCF7 (IC50(CuHL) = 1.7 ± 0.1 μM, IC50(CDDP) = 42.0 ± 3.2 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50(CuHL) = 1.6 ± 0.1 μM, IC50(CDDP) = 131.0 ± 18 μM) demonstrated that the complex displays higher antitumor activity than cisplatin (CDDP) on 2D and 3D human breast cancer cell models. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations showed that CuHL could interacts with DNA, inducing a significant genotoxic effect on both breast cancer cells from 0.5 to 1 μM. On the other hand, CuHL increases the ROS production and induces cell programmed death on breast cancer cells at very low micromolar concentrations (0.5-1.0 μM). Moreover, the compound decreased the amount of breast CSCs on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells reducing the percentage of CD44+/CD24-/low cells from 0.5 to 1.5 μM. In addition, CuHL overcame CDDP with an IC50 value 65-fold lower against breast multicellular spheroids ((IC50(CuHL) = 2.2 ± 0.3 μM, IC50(CDDP) = 125 ± 4.5 μM)). Finally, CuHL reduced mammosphere formation capacity, hence affecting the size and number of mammospheres and showing that the complex exhibits antitumor properties on monolayer (2D) and spheroids (3D) derived from human breast cancer cells.


The popularity of mobile Internet and the application of big data and
 artificial intelligence technology have brought new development
 opportunities for the online rental industry. A large number of rental apps
 have rapidly occupied the market. Rental apps can help tenants screen and
 reserve housing in real time according to their needs, so users' demand for
 products has gradually changed from satisfying basic functional needs to
 providing good user experience.Objective: Because existing researches mainly
 focus on the construction of user experience index system of rental APP and
 the subjective evaluation of the user experience of APP, few scholars have
 conducted researches on the user experience of rental APP based on
 physiological experiments. Therefore, this study applied the eye-movement
 technology of D-lab experimental platform to conduct a comparative study on
 the user experience of four representative rental apps, and compared the
 functions, interactive process architecture and interface layout design of
 the four apps, providing reference value for the design of similar
 apps.Content: In this experiment, four representative rental apps in design
 are selected as experimental materials, namely Anjuke, Beike, Ziroom and
 Baletu. The experimental task was to ask the participants to select the
 matched housing resources and complete the rental on the four apps according
 to the given rental conditions. The whole experiment was completed based on
 the D-Lab experimental platform, which could record the interactive
 behaviors and eye movement data of participants during the experiment. After
 the experiment is completed, participants need to accept the interview of
 subjective evaluation of user experience, and the experience and existing
 problems of users in the process of use will be recorded as auxiliary
 materials for evaluation. Finally, based on interactive behavior video, eye
 movement data, fixation path diagram and heat map, this paper compared and
 analyzed the four apps from two aspects of interactive process architecture
 and interface layout design.Results: (1) The results of eye movement data
 showed that the order of average gaze count and average saccadic count was
 Anjuke > Baletu > Ziroom > Beike, which might be because the
 interface information density of Anjuke was relatively high and the layout
 lacked regularity, which made it difficult for users to search the target
 information. The layout of the interface of Ziroom and Beike is sparse, and
 the interest area of users is less. (2) According to the analysis of user
 interaction behavior, Anjuke has various functions, and users need to jump
 to the page several times to select the target function, which is a
 complicated interaction process; The interface function partition of Baletu
 is clear, the navigation function division is primary and secondary, and the
 interaction process is simple. (3) According to the analysis of the
 interface layout based on the heat map, it can be seen that the functional
 modules of Anjuke are not clearly divided and the interface layout is not
 easy to operate; The interface layout of Baletu adopts card design, compact
 layout, clear structure, and unified color style, good identification and
 aesthetics.


Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables consolidation of the control plane of a set of network equipments with a fine-grained control of traffic flows inside the network. In this work, we demonstrate that some coarse-grained scheduling mechanisms can be easily offered by SDN switches without requiring any unsupported operation in OpenFlow. We leverage the feedback loop - flow statistics - exposed by SDN switches to the controller, combined with priority queuing mechanisms, usually available in typical switches on their output ports. We illustrate our approach through experimentations with an OpenvSwitch SDN switch controlled by a Beacon controller.


An automated analysis approach, which can automatically characterize fault and subsequent relay operation, is the focus of this paper. It utilizes synchronized samples captured during transients from both ends of the transmission line to detect, classify, and locate transmission-line faults and can verify that the tripped line has indeed experienced a fault. The proposed method is tested for several faults simulated on an IEEE 118-bus test system and it has been concluded that it can detect and classify a fault using prefault and postfault recorded samples within 7 ms of fault inception and can accurately locate a fault with 3% accuracy. This time response performance is highly desirable since with the increasing use of modern circuit breakers, which can open the faulty line in less than two cycles, the time window of the captured waveforms is significantly reduced due to the unavailability of measurement signals after breakers open.


and have steadfastly refused to mix dialysis equipment used for acute and chronic dialysis patients. In addition, for the past four years I have used home dialysis exclusively.' I do, however, feel qualified to speak on the subject of shunt sepsis. In the past two years at the National Kidney Centre 42 patients have been treated, employing a technique involving no specific precautions when handling cannulas-that is to say, no masks were worn, no gloves were worn, and the skin around the shunt was only cleaned if debris or discharge was present. Five significant shunt infections have occurred in 17 years of patient treatment using this technique, which compares more than favourably with the figures reported by the working party, referring to patients treated at centres where the care of cannulas has become so fastidious as to make the expansion of this form of treatment extremely difficult. It is my personal belief that the fundamental health of the patient, and particularly the health of his skin, is more important in resistance to infection then any preventive measures taken at the time of handling the cannulas. Perhaps the increase in dialysis frequency of three to four times a week that we practise at the National Kidney Centre has contributed to the success of our results. In addition, of course, the domestic environment in which the patients are trained, together with the accent on the patients handling their own cannulas, may again be contributory factors. Finally, I would like to confirm the observation made by Brescia et al.,' reported in their communication, that there has been no sepsis associated with the use of* the arteriovenous fistula as an alternative to the external shunt. In five patients using the internal fistula in their own homes for a period of between 1 to 11 months (total patient experience 27 months) there has not been a single episode of skin infection, nor the requirement for the use of a single antibiotic in any patient during this period of time. I believe this last observation may be of the utmost clinical importance in the future management of patients on maintenance haemodialysis.-I am, etc.,


Governments around the world are
moving to boost participation in tertiary
education. In Australia the participation
agenda informed the 2008 Bradley
Review of Australian Higher Education
recommendation that closer alignment
of vocational and higher education be
implemented as part of a strategy for
increasing the proportion of!ow SES,
regional, and Indigenous graduates. Although in recent years both coalition
and labor federal governments have
moved away from some of the Bradley
recommendations, there remains a broad
desire to increase participation in higher
education. However, growing budget
constraints have forced higher education
sector players to pursue innovative
partnerships that transcend traditional
distinctions between universities and
vocational training centres and between
federally funded institutions and those
resourced by the states. The evolving partnership between the
University ofTasmania and th~ state's
VET suppliers provides an example of
successful co-production of education
in a previously fragmented policy arena.
The partnership's initial success can be
attributed to the fact it has delivered what
Mark Moore, in 1995, called 'public
value' in that it mobilised institutional
resources and organisational capability in
pursuit of widely recognised policy goals.
In these terms, the partnership represents
a useful model of relevance beyond the
bjgher education sector. The Bradley Review outljned proposals
~e .igued to raise overall participation
111 tertiary education with a particular
emphasis on increasing educational
oppoi:cunities for students from low
ocio-economic backgrounds. These aims
are particuhrJy pertinent in Tasmania given its low rates of participation in
higher education and poor performance
against key educational outcomes -
especially in reading, scientific literacy,
and numeracy. Given this context and
amid a growing determination to improve
tertiary education outcomes, in 2012 the
University ofTasmania and the Tasmanian
Government signed a partnership
agreement that included a commitment
to work together to increase educational
attainment in the state.


: The idea to use artificial intelligence (AI) in civil engineering is as old as AI itself. Since the 1950s, studies on AI applications in civil or bridge engineering have proliferated. Most of these studies have dealt with specialized isolated engineering subtasks. Few of the applications have been delivered to practitioners and were used to advance their work. This paper presents a model of the life-cycle flow of information in bridge engineering as an organizing framework for reviewing previous work on AI applications in bridge engineering. Several common patterns that emerge from the studies are summarized. A subsequent analysis of the status of the bridge stock in many countries suggests that a more integrated approach to AI applications may have a larger practical impact. Several practical areas that can benefit significantly from AI techniques are identified, and several studies are proposed including the AI technology needed and the methodology according to which these applications should be developed.


The Baylor C-Gyro Pump Eccentric Inlet Port Models (C1E) have been developed aiming for a long-term centrifugal ventricular assist device (VAD) as well as a cardiopulmonary bypass pump. The eccentric inlet port models are characterized by their unique inlet port and secondary impeller vanes. An inlet female pivot bearing, which was fixed to a supporting bar in the prototype model, is directly embedded into the ceiling of the pump casing. An inlet port is then placed off-center to avoid the bearing area, and it is angled between 0 to 90 degrees from the upright position. In addition, small secondary vanes were incorporated into the impeller bottom to accelerate the washout flow behind the impeller. These features attained design objectives proposed for higher antithrombogenicity: a seal-less pump chamber, no stationary parts in the blood path, and acceleration of the secondary flow behind the impeller. The first in vivo experiment using C1E pumps showed excellent antithrombogenicity for up to 18 days when the experiment ceased due to severe infection in the calf.


Three circuit models using constant phase elements are investigated to represent the human body impedance against contact currents from 40 Hz to 110 MHz. The parameters required to represent the impedance are determined using a nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) applied to the averaged human body impedance dataset. The three fractional-order models with 4, 6, and 7 parameters are compared to an already existing integer-order, 11-parameter model. Simulations of the fractional-order models impedance are presented and discussed along with their limitations.


>Abstract Seismic waves from the underground atomic explosion of September 19, 1957, were recorded for 45 minutes on multichannel magnetic tape at a point 25 miles north of Holbrook, Arizona, about 370 miles from their source. Twelve vertical-component seismometers were laid out in the form of an L 5,280 ft. by 1,600 ft. to permit determinations of apparent velocity and of direction of arrival. The frequency range recorded, about 6 to 40 cps, was higher than usual in earthquake seismology. During tape playback, supplementary filtering, gain adjustments, and changes in time scale served to improve the quality and legibility of the records. The playback seismograms reveal strikingly well not only to P n and P * waves transmitted and refracted by the crust, but also many others as well. Some of these, as clearly indicated by their directions of arrival, did not originate from the explosion. We have attempted only an elementary interpretation, our main purpose being to make the data available to anyone who might be interested in them. The relatively short wave lengths of the recorded events may make them of unusual significance. In addition to arrival times, we made a few measurements of absolute amplitude and of frequency spectra.


A new idea is investigated in this study to reduce the cover spalling of high-strength concrete columns: installing relatively cheap materials such as household fly screen and wire mesh in the formwork of RC columns. Three materials were chosen in this study: fiberglass fly mesh (FGFM), standard aluminum fly mesh (SAFM), and 12.7×12.7 galvanized steel wire mesh (S12.7 WM). A total of 16 cylindrical specimens with a length of 925 mm and a diameter of 205 mm were cast and tested under concentric, eccentric, and pure bending loading. The testing results showed that S12.7 WM significantly improved the load-carrying capacity under both concentric and eccentric loading but did not significantly increase the ductility of the columns for each load case. FGFM and SAFM significantly improved the ductility of columns under concentric loading, but the significance decreased with the increase in eccentricity.


Lipid and protein molecules anisotropically oriented at a hydrocarbon-aqueous interface configure a dynamic array of self-organized molecular dipoles. Electrostatic fields applied to lipid monolayers have been shown to induce in-plane migration of domains or phase separation in a homogeneous system. In this work, we have investigated the effect of externally applied electrostatic fields on different lipid monolayers exhibiting surface immiscibility. In the monolayers studied, lipids in the condensed state segregate in discontinuous round-shaped domains, with the lipid in the liquid-expanded state forming the continuous phase. The use of fluorescent probes with selective phase partitioning allows analyzing by epifluorescence microscopy the migrations of the domains under the influence of inhomogeneous electric fields applied to the surface. Our observations indicate that a positive potential applied to an electrode placed over the monolayer promotes a repulsion of the domains until a steady state is reached, indicating the presence of a force opposed to the externally applied electric force. The experimental results were modeled by considering that the opposing force is generated by the dipole-dipole repulsion between the domains.


Background There is an existing link between two of the most common diseases, obesity and depression. These are both of great public health concern, but little is known about the relationships between the subtypes of these conditions. We hypothesized that non-melancholic depressive symptoms have a stronger relationship with both body composition (lean mass and fat mass) and dysfunctional glucose metabolism than melancholic depression. Methods For this cross-sectional study 1 510 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study had their body composition evaluated as lean mass and fat mass (Lean Mass Index + Fat Mass Index = Body Mass Index). Participants were evaluated for depressive symptoms utilizing the Beck Depression Inventory, and had laboratory assessments including an oral glucose tolerance test. Results Higher than average Fat Mass Index (kg/m2) was associated with a higher percentage of participants scoring in the depressive range of the Beck Depression Inventory (p=0.048). Higher Fat Mass Index was associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms (OR per 1-SD Fat Mass Index=1.37, 95% CI: 1.13-1.65), whereas higher Lean Mass Index (kg/m2) was associated with a lower likelihood of having depressive symptoms (OR per 1-SD Lean Mass Index=0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.91). Participants with an above average Fat Mass Index more frequently had non-melancholic depressive symptoms (p=0.008) regardless of Lean Mass Index levels (p=0.38). There was no difference between the body composition groups in the likelihood of having melancholic depressive symptoms (Fat Mass Index p=0.83, Lean Mass Index p=0.93). The non-melancholic group had higher Fat Mass Index than either of the other groups (p<0.001), and a higher 2-hour glucose concentration than the non-depressed group (p=0.005). Conclusion As hypothesized, non-melancholic depressive symptoms are most closely related to high fat mass index and dysfunctional glucose metabolism.


We present work in progress on, verified, transformation of a modeling language based on communicating concurrent state machines, SLCO, to Java. Some concurrency related challenges, related to atomicity and non-standard fairness issues, are pointed out. We discuss solutions based on Java synchronization concepts.


As the birthplace of the Central Plains culture, the central area of Henan has formed numerous civilian fortresses with defensive functions based on a unique historical and war background. As one of them, the ancient town of Shenhou, due to its unique Jun porcelain trade culture, makes the defence function closely integrated with daily production and life, and its defence is more meaningful for research. The current drive towards urban modernisation has led to the decline and destruction of traditional rural fortified settlements. The article is a detailed analysis of the defensive features of the ancient town of Shenhou from an architectural and sociological point of view, through field research, combined with relevant historical documents, and concludes that its defensive system consists of a combination of physical and spiritual defences, providing a basis for the study of the conservation of traditional fortified settlements in central Henan.


BACKGROUND
The efficacy of decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation in children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis has not been systematically evaluated.

OBJECTIVES
To systematically review the efficacy of decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation in children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis. We considered the following four interventions: 1) decongestants versus placebo or no medication, 2) antihistamines versus placebo or no medication, 3) decongestant and antihistamine combination versus placebo or no medication, 4) nasal irrigation versus no irrigation. The primary outcomes of the review were symptom resolution (improvement in symptom score from enrolment to day 5) and overall symptom burden (as measured by average symptom scores while on therapy).

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2010), which includes the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialized Register, MEDLINE (1950 to May Week 1, 2010) and EMBASE (1950 to January 2010).

SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs which evaluated children less than 18 years of age with acute sinusitis, defined as 10 to 30 days of rhinorrhea, congestion or daytime cough. We excluded trials of children with chronic sinusitis and allergic rhinitis.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed each study for inclusion.

MAIN RESULTS
Of the 402 studies found through the electronic searches and handsearching, none met all the inclusion criteria.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is no evidence to determine whether the use of antihistamines, decongestants or nasal irrigation is efficacious in children with acute sinusitis. Further research is needed to determine whether these interventions are beneficial in the treatment of children with acute sinusitis.


Objectives. In order to determine the security of a special-purpose informatisation object, it is necessary to calculate the effectiveness indicators of information security (IS) measures aimed at preventing unauthorised access (UA) threats associated with information leakage through technical (acoustic) channels. In order to determine the actual channels of information leakage, it is necessary to develop a list of actions to neutralise potential threats, including the development of an information protection system for a special-purpose informatisation object. Method . A security assessment of the special-purpose informatisation object is carried out using expert documentary and instrumental methods. Results . The results of evaluating the indicators of protection against information leakage through the air (acoustic) channel are presented and aspects of improving special measures for protecting information at the special-purpose informatisation object are identified. Conclusion . Due to its relevance, the direction of this study requires further development of organisational and technical measures to implement the requirements of regulatory documents on the protection of information in special-purpose informatisation objects.


Cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a segmental amphidiploid (2n = 4x = 20) with a basic Chromosome number (x) of 10. However, it behaves as a diploid. It is believed to have originated from a single hybridization event between A. duranensis and A. ipaensis not too distant in the past (Kochert et al. 1996). Archaeological evidence from excavations in Peru place the origin of A. hypogaea at least 3500 years ago (Singh and Simpson, 1994)………………


The re-perimeterization and the erosion of trust boundaries already happening in organizations is amplified and accelerated by Cloud Computing. Cloud service models employed, operational models, and technologies used to enable Cloud services may present additional risks and requirements to an organization compared to traditional IT solutions. This paper focuses on Cloud security management issues and interoperability challenges for Collaborative Clouds. Based on a comprehensive requirements analysis, we intendified Cloud security management domains, integrating various Cloud security services of an organization and providing interoperability to identified stakeholders, in order to guideline Cloud activities within an organization. Furthermore we present the status quo of current approaches, systems and standards, with a special focus to objects within the Cloud Security Management Infrastructure (CSMI) that have to be managed and integrated by a Cloud security management system.


Abstract If any group of American blue-collar workers has benefited from the growth of trade it is the unionized dockworkers along the US West Coast. Nevertheless, the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) representing these workers is vocally opposed to trade liberalization. We examine several competing explanations for this puzzle and evaluate them by tracing the union's stance on trade over several decades. We also use an original survey to compare ILWU affiliates' attitudes on trade with those of nonmembers with otherwise similar characteristics. Consistent with a model of organizational socialization, the data support the hypothesis that ILWU membership affects the members' revealed political opinions; the data are difficult to reconcile with standard theories of international trade. Our findings indicate that the political support for trade depends not just on voters' structural positions in the economy but also on the organizations and networks in which they are embedded.


Expression vectors containing the pro-urokinase (pro-UK) cDNA (pSV2-proUK) and a dihydrofolate reductase cDNA (pSV2-dhfr or MMTV-dhfr) were cotransfected into CHO-dhfr- cells by the calcium phosphate precipitation technique. The dhfr+ transformants were selected by fibrinolytic agarose plate assay. Two colonies, named CLF-14 and CLF-8, exhibited significantly high expression levels of the biological activity of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (mu-Pa). They reached more than 24 IU/10(6) cells/48 h and 16 IU/10(6) cells/48 h, respectively. Examination of the cell supernatants for mu-Pa antigenicity using ELISA method also showed strong positive results, and the quantities of expression were about 0.14-0.22 micrograms/10(6) cells/48 h and 0.08-0.14 micrograms/10(6) cells/48 h, respectively. The mu-Pa secreted by stable transformed cells could be completely inhibited by UK anti-serum, but not by tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antiserum nor by normal rabbit serum.


This paper is a comparative study of the impacts of different music genres (classical vs personal preferred) and timing settings to listen to the music on mental stress relief based on electroencephalogram (EEG). Fifty-six healthy young adults participated in this study, which involves a set of stress stimulus tasks and EEG recordings. Discrete Wavelet Transformation has been used to extract alpha wave from raw EEG data and then the widely used Frontal Alpha Asymmetry (FAA) was calculated to evaluate the stress state. Statistical results show that Frontal Alpha Asymmetry index obtained in classical music group has a significant difference if compared to personal preferred group and control group (rest in silence), indicating that classical music is a more effective tool for mental stress relief. Regarding the timing settings to listen to the music, there is not a statistical difference, indicating that listening to music before, during and after the stressful events has no significant relief effect.


Two concise synthetic routes, being different in the glycosylation sequence, toward ginsenoside Ro (1) are developed. These syntheses feature the elaboration of the glucuronide residue at a later stage via the TEMPO-mediated selective oxidation and the installation of AZMB as a benzoylic neighboring participating group capable of being selectively removed afterward.


Automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) for sequential circuits usually involves search for a sequence of vectors to detect single stuck-at faults. The sequential search space is exponential in the memory elements and primary inputs. Existing sequential test generators are known to spend substantial amounts of run-time in searching for test sequences to detect hard-to-test faults. In this paper, we present a pre-process stage that precedes sequential test generation for each hard-to-test fault and prunes the sequential search space, which in turn reduces the test generation time for these faults. In this stage, the effects of different conditions imposed on the circuit for test generation are propagated as far as possible. This process requires only a single pass through the iterative array model of the given circuit. Using the pre-process stage along with a Boolean satisfiability (SAT) based sequential test generator, we show that the proposed approach is on an average 11.3/spl times/ (maximum 25.2/spl times/) faster than an efficient gate-level sequential test generator for hard-to-test faults in ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits. The proposed pre-process stage is also applicable to sequential test generation at the register-transfer level (RTL) and improves the overall performance of an efficient sequential test generator at the RTL by 3.5/spl times/ on average and a maximum of 4.6/spl times/ for all faults.


1078-5884/$36 a 2010 European Socie doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.01.013 Abstract Objective: Telomeres are specialised DNA structures present at the ends of linear chromosomes, which shorten with each successive cell division and the length of which represents cellular biological age. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and white cell telomere length. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 190 patients with AAA and 183 controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from white cells and telomere lengths determined using a chemiluminescence technique. Results: The mean white cell telomere length was significantly lower in AAA patients compared to controls (median age 66 years in both groups), with a mean difference of 189 base pairs (bp) (95% confidence interval 77 bp to 301 bp, P Z 0.005). This relationship between caseecontrol status and mean telomere restriction fragment (TRF) length did not change after adding other risk factors into a multiple regression model. The risk of having AAA doubled in patients with a mean TRF length in the lowest quartile compared to patients with a mean TRF length in the highest quartile (odds ratio 2.30, 95% Confidence Interval 1.28e4.13, P Z 0.005). Conclusion: Our data show that patients with AAA have shorter leukocyte telomere length compared to controls. This suggests that vascular biological aging may have a role in the pathogenesis of AAA. a 2010 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The generation of low-frequency radiation at around the terahertz frequency, caused by a linearly polarized intense laser pulse passing through a low-density homogeneous plasma, is studied by one-dimensional particle simulations. The excited transverse current component with its frequency at the electron plasma frequency serves as a radiation source to generate electromagnetic waves both in the front and the rear side vacuum regions of the plasma layer. It is found that the electromagnetic radiation fields increase with both increasing plasma density and increasing laser amplitude.