Parenting is recognized as a complex and stressful activity, which in recent years has been linked to the potential development of parental burnout among mothers and fathers. With the spread of COVID-19 around the globe, not only have situations of health emergency and economic difficulty emerged, but also tremendous impacts on individual lives and family role divisions, which continue to be experienced today. As lockdown measures have affected unemployment rates, financial insecurity levels, social support, amount of leisure time, and the number of caring responsibilities, parents are expected to be at higher risk for developing parental burnout. Co-parenting is presented as a factor which can mitigate the effect between COVID-19 lockdown measures and the levels of experienced parental burnout. Nevertheless, we argue that the role of co-parenting in association with the implications of COVID-19 on parental stress differs between men and women. As parenthood remains an activity that is largely gender-based, co-parenting is hypothesized to be of more crucial importance in attenuating the effect between COVID-19 lockdown measures and parental burnout for fathers in comparison to mothers. Our results confirm previous findings that COVID-19 has increased levels of parental burnout. The relationship between state-imposed COVID-19 lockdown measures and levels of parental burnout was not found to be significantly affected by co-parenting. However, when assessing this two-way interaction separately for men and women, we saw that this mitigating effect was significant for fathers and non-significant for mothers.


The article analyzes the possibilities of conducting mediation in sports disputes. The author cites solutions relating to various types of disputes, including financial, disciplinary, strictly sports-related, administrative and inter-institutional. As part of the conclusions, the author lists practical and theoretical aspects of conducting mediation in disputes, in which the use of mediation is required or promoted by the procedural law, and in disputes, where the use of mediation results or may result from internal regulations of sports associations.


Thread-Level Speculation (TLS) overcomes limitations intrinsic with conservativecompile-time auto-parallelizing tools by extracting parallel threads optimistically andonly ensuring absence of data dependence violations at runtime.A significant barrier for adopting TLS (implemented in software) is the overheadsassociated with maintaining speculative state. Previous TLS limit studies observe thaton future multi-core systems it is likely to have more cores idle than those whichtraditional TLS would be able to harness.This thesis describes a novel compact version management data structure optimizedfor space overhead when using a small number of TLS threads. Furthermore, two novelsoftware runtime parallelization systems were developed that utilize this compact datastructure. The first one, MiniTLS, is optimized for fast recovery in the case of misspeculationsby parallelizing the recovery procedure. The second one, Lector, is optimizedfor performance by using lightweight helper threads, along with TLS threads,to establish whether speculation can be withdrawn avoiding that way any speculativeoverheads.Facilitated by the novel compact representation, MiniTLS reduces the space overheadover state-of-the-art software TLS systems between 96% on 2 threads and 40%on 32 threads.MiniTLS and Lector were applied to seven Java benchmarks performing on average7x and 8.2x faster, respectively, against the sequential versions and on average1.7x faster than the current state-of-the-art in software TLS for 32 threads.


CDC continues to work with state and local health departments, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other partners to investigate cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). During November 1, 2002-April 30, 2003, a total of 5,663 SARS cases were reported to WHO from 26 countries, including the United States; 372 deaths (case-fatality proportion: 6.6%) have been reported. This report updates information on reported SARS cases among U.S. residents and provides an overview regarding CDC's issuance of travel alerts and advisories.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the fate of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (S-ODNs), which are commonly used for antisense strategy, in murine retina in vivo with the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled S-ODNs, and to evaluate our fusogenic liposome system that may facilitate the delivery of S-ODNs.

METHODS
The FITC-labeled S-ODNs were encapsulated in liposomes, which were then coated with the envelope of inactivated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ; Sendai virus) by fusion (HVJ liposomes). Intravitreal injection of naked FITC-labeled S-ODNs or of the HVJ liposomes was done in ICR mice. After fixation, cryosections and flat-mounted retinas were prepared and examined by fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTS
Injection of naked FITC-labeled S-ODNs at 3 micromol/L exhibited weak fluorescence in 13% of the cells in the ganglion cell layer. When the concentration was increased to 30 micromol/L, high fluorescence was seen in 59% of cells in the ganglion cell layer at this time. This fluorescence diminished within a day. In contrast, injection of HVJ liposomes containing FITC-labeled S-ODNs at 3 micromol/L resulted in high fluorescence in 44% of the cells in the ganglion cell layer at 1 hour, and this fluorescence lasted for up to 3 days. This treatment also resulted in high fluorescence within retinal vessel walls, and weak fluorescence in photoreceptor cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Intravitreally injected S-ODNs were rapidly eliminated from neural retina, and the use of HVJ liposomes could improve the delivery of S-ODNs. This method may be a potentially useful system for the antisense-based therapies for retinal diseases.


The demand of a camera-lens-module which is installed in mobile phone has been increased explosively as the increase of mobile phone market. Recently, two missions are given to the parts manufacturer of lens module, and they are how to keep the quality of injection moulding process as the increase of resolution, and how to decrease manufacturing cost. In this paper, a simulation study is introduced which is used for developing barrel and shield considering the double-cassette type of mould. At first, the simulation for injection process using Mold FlowTM is applied in the phase of mould design, and mechanical simulation using DPM AssemblyTM is applied for collision detection between picking robot and mould. As a result, the productivity increased more than 300%.


Aversive events can evoke strong emotions that trigger cerebral neuroactivity to facilitate behavioral and cognitive shifts to secure physiological stability. However, upon intense and/or chronic exposure to such events, the neural coping processes can be maladaptive and disrupt mental well-being. This maladaptation denotes a pivotal point when psychological stress occurs, which can trigger subconscious, "automatic" neuroreactivity as a defence mechanism to protect the individual from potential danger including overwhelming unpleasant feelings and disturbing or threatening thoughts.The outcomes of maladaptive neural activity are cognitive dysfunctions such as altered memory, decision making, and behavior that impose a risk for mental disorders. Although the neurocognitive phenomena associated with psychological stress are well documented, the complex neural activity and pathways related to stressor detection and stress coping have not been outlined in detail. Accordingly, we define acute and chronic stress-induced pathways, phases, and stages in relation to novel/unpredicted, uncontrollable, and ambiguous stressors. We offer a comprehensive model of the stress-induced alterations associated with multifaceted pathophysiology related to cognitive appraisal and executive functioning in stress.


We propose oblivious attribute certificates (OACerts), an attribute certificate scheme in which a certificate holder can select which attributes to use and how to use them. In particular, a user can use attribute values stored in an OACert obliviously, i.e., the user obtains a service if and only if the attribute values satisfy the policy of the service provider, yet the service provider learns nothing about these attribute values. This way, the service provider's access control policy is enforced in an oblivious fashion. To enable the oblivious access control using OACerts, we propose a new cryptographic primitive called oblivious commitment-based envelope (OCBE). In an OCBE scheme, Bob has an attribute value committed to Alice and Alice runs a protocol with Bob to send an envelope (encrypted message) to Bob such that: 1) Bob can open the envelope if and only if his committed attribute value satisfies a predicate chosen by Alice and 2) Alice learns nothing about Bob's attribute value. We develop provably secure and efficient OCBE protocols for the Pedersen commitment scheme and comparison predicates as well as logical combinations of them


Airpower Reborn: The Strategic Concepts of John Warden and John Boyd has been published as part of the History of Military Aviation series and, as such, aims to provide a better understanding of airpower's role as a tool for achieving a strategic effect. The book consists of five chapters written by leading airpower theorists and gathered into three subject groups. The first chapter discusses the development of airpower theory, briefly covering the period before 1945 and giving more attention to concepts developed by Irving Janis, Thomas Schelling and Ernest May in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The second and third chapters are completely dedicated to theories dating back to the 1980s and 1990s and provide a detailed analysis of the strategic concepts of John Boyd and John Warden. Chapters 4 and 5 give a further insight into the contemporary strategy and theory of airpower considering Boyd's and Warden's work within this context. The authors argue throughout the book for the need to step out of the traditional landand battle-centric approach. An approach which, as originating from land warfare, has dominated strategic military thinking and was also applied, however unsuitably, to airpower – a relatively young military force. Such use of an out-dated terminology and theory often leaves airpower's strategic value and capabilities underrated and not fully exploited. Instead, the contributors of Airpower Reborn successfully provide a different conceptual approach to warfare introducing the concept of systemic paralysis. It is an approach which focuses on the desired end-state rather than on each particular battle and which shifts from a predominantly tactical or operational level to a strategic one. They unanimously suggest recognising an adversary as a complex multidimensional system and therefore applying airpower for the above-mentioned systemic paralysis. That means a much broader recognition of military warfare that is not limited to battle-field attrition, traditionally understood, but which also targets the opponent's leadership and systems for command, control, communication, decision making and so on. The book is undoubtedly essential reading for both military professionals and academics as well as anyone interested, firstly, in airpower and its strategic role in modern warfare and, secondly, in the challenges that this contemporary warfare presents. Moreover, it will also be an enjoyable exposition for anyone not already familiar with the topic but willing to know a bit more about airpower theory, especially about Boyd's and Warden's concepts as these are explained in a very detailed and clear manner.


We investigate the relationship between cash conversion cycle (CCC) management and value creation. We extend a standard working capital management model to establish measurable hypotheses for privately owned companies in Brazil. We define hypotheses that relate profitability measures, such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), and the cash conversion cycle of a panel data sample of 318 Brazilian companies with available data for at least 8 of 9 fiscal years between 2009 and 2017. We estimate these relationships via generalized methods of moments (GMM) to deal with endogeneity among accounting variables. Evidence indicates that lower C2C improves ROA but not ROE. Additional assumptions included: (1) companies with a negative CCC tend to grow faster; (2) more indebted companies manage their cash-flow better; (3) smaller companies have a longer CCC; and (4) companies with longer CCC have higher operating margin. Evidence is that only ROA is related to cost of debt, and that total debt is the only variable that helps explain revenue growth (which probably captures firm size as well). Still, without the ability to issue more debt, companies are restricted in growing sales. Finally, and unexpectedly, we find that lower CCC indicates higher operating margin.


Previous investigations in mice revealed the existence of a set of genes that influence variations in hippocampal anatomy as well as variations in behavioral responses to novelty. In particular, a positive genetic correlation was found between the size of the intra- and infrapyramidal mossy fiber (iip-MF) projection and rearing frequency in an open-field. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that genetic selection for rearing would entail correlated changes in hippocampal morphology. This was tested in the inbred selection lines SRH (selection for rearing: high) and SRL (selection for rearing: low). As expected, the SRH mice appeared to possess iip-MF terminal fields that were larger than those of the SRL mice. Because the behavioral difference between the two lines is most probably caused by a single genetic unit, these animals represent valuable material for molecular-genetic investigations into the mechanisms that control behavioral and neuroanatomical variation.


The distribution and some properties of the evoked potentials in the hypothalamus from stimulation of the sciatic nerve were investigated in 60 cats. In the posterior and lateral hypothalamus biphasic positive-negative responses of 7–10 msec. latency were found, while in the anterior and medial hypothalamus the stimuli evoked monophasic negative waves of 20–35 msec. latency. The threshold of activation of the hypothalamic potentials corresponded to the upper range of activation of group A fibers in the sciatic nerve. The hypothalamic evoked potentials had a very prolonged recovery time on double stimulation, were sensitive to pentobarbital even to a greater degree than the evoked potentials in the midbrain reticular formation, and were abolished by high frequency stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation. The long latency potentials in the hypothalamus were similar to those evoked in the midbrain reticular formation, while the short latency potentials had properties similar to those of the lemniscal potentials. This fact suggested that the short latency potentials signaled the arrival of impulses from lemniscal collaterals.


The dimeric alkaloid complanadine A has shown promise in regenerative science, promoting neuronal growth by inducing the secretion of growth factors from glial cells. Through the use of tandem, cobalt-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, two synthetic routes have been developed with different sequences for the formation of the unsymmetric bipyridyl core. The regioselective formation of each of the pyridines was achieved based on the inherent selectivity of the molecules or by reversing the regioselectivity through the addition of Lewis bases. This strategy has been successfully employed to provide laboratory access to complanadine A as well as structurally related compounds possessing the lycodine core.


In the broader context of technological innovations in markets worldwide, India has seen significant adoption of advanced trading technology in its capital market in the last five years. Because of India's economic liberalization and the integration of Indian markets with international ones, many of the global changes have found their way into the Indian market, albeit at a slower pace. This trend was boosted by the growth in international participation (both investors as well as service providers) in the Indian market. The increased international participation also forced many domestic players to move up to global standards to remain competitive in the changing environment. This article explores the evolution of advanced trading technologies in India to date.


Multiple diffusion reactions are frequently encountered in the modeling of heterogeneous catalytic reactors. Obtaining an accurate estimate of the yield and selectivity in such reactions is crucial for an optimal design of reactors. Due to the inadequacy of analytical techniques in handling nonuniform catalyst shapes and mixed boundary conditions, numerical techniques are often employed to compute these design parameters. Among other numerical techniques, the boundary element method (BEM) is a superior method to solve linear diffusion reaction problems. The integral nature of the BEM formulation allows for boundary-only discretization of the particle, thus reducing the computer execution time and the data preparation effort. A boundary element algorithm is developed to solve a network of linear diffusion reactions in porous catalyst particles in two dimensions. For this purpose, a matrix of fundamental solutions is defined and derived. The developed algorithm is applied to complex reaction networks to obtain the yield of intermediates for nonregular catalyst shapes and nonuniform boundary conditions. The method can be used as a design tool to study particle scale modeling in detail and can be incorporated into an overall reactor model.


This study was done to determine the mass media form and content to which the respondents attribute sexual abuses the most. The six respondents were considered as juvenile sexual offenders (in cases of rape and incest against women and children), and were under the custody of Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) – Manila Youth Reception Center (MYRC), during the time of the study. This study aimed to know the profile of the respondents, their level of exposure to different mass media forms within the community, the mass media forms and contents that the respondents attribute their sexual abuses to the most, and the relationship that exists between the mass media exposure of the respondents and their attribution of sexual abuses to media. The study conducted a survey and Focus Group Discussion. To analyze and present the numerical data, the researchers used tables and graphs. Weighted mean, T-test and spearman rank were used as statistical treatments. This study revealed that television was the medium, which all of the respondents are often exposed to. The respondents were also frequently exposed to film and radio, seldom to print, and least of all to the Internet. The participants attribute their offenses to television the most, specifically to contents such as romance, variety, and comedy shows, and commercials. In film, the respondents point to comedy, romance and X-rated films. In print, the respondents perceived that reading of tabloids, magazines, comics and billboards as weaker triggers. In radio, listening to music and drama programs were considered as stronger triggers to sexual offenses. The researchers concluded that there is no significant difference between the media exposure of the respondents and their attribution of sexual abuses to media and there is a high positive correlation between the two variables.


Haptic interaction with a virtual object establishes a kinesthetic sensation to the user. It is well accepted that to better perceive a given virtual object, it is relevant to yield some surface properties of the object, for instance the shape through the normal contact force, the roughness by the sliding friction, and the texture as a combination of both of them. On this problem, force control is the key issue. This problem has been highlighted three decades ago, when there was not available any good haptic display. Since then, a number of methods on force feedback have been proposed to convey these features, wherein the main scheme is based on the penalty method. However, when the object is deformable, the penalty method cannot compute properly the shape and roughness since the contact force ignores the inherent deformation of the object. In contrast, if the contact force is computed using the constrained Lagrangian, this force depends on the dynamic deformation of the object. In this paper, a constrained Lagrangian-based oriented framework is proposed to compute the contact force dynamically, in such a way that it can easily realize these effects over implicit dynamical objects. This powerful scheme can produce these effects seamlessly. Experimental results using PHANTOM on deformable and undeformable virtual objects are presented and discussed.


The electronic band-edge spectrum of the interface states in the magnetic semiconductor quantum wells based on narrow-gap semiconductors with mutually inverted band arrangement is studied within the envelope-function formalism. Interface states are shown to appear in these structures in the case of overlapping bulk bands of the constituents. The hybridization between the bare sp-electron states and the d states of the Mn atoms leads to spin splitting. The spin-splitting effect of the interface states as a function of external magnetic field, well width, band offsets, and fraction of the magnetic atoms, is studied. One essential result is that one can design a structure where the states localized at the interfaces only have one spin direction. The results give evidence of the perspective for using the magnetic semiconductor structures in spin electronics.


France is currently working on implementing a distance-based toll for Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) on most of the currently free of charge trunk road networks by 2012. This toll will be like the Germany and the LKW-Maut scheme. It is expected that the road charging scheme to be put in place makes HGVs pay appropriately for the French road network investment and operating costs, reduces environmental impacts of road freight in having influence on shippers mode choices, and generates revenues to build new transport infrastructure. In addition to the distance run on the road network. The toll scheme –"eco-redevance" in France will depend on HGVs dimensions and emission standards, indiscriminately to the HGV's origin. The paper will present the evolution of the freight model that was developed to contribute to designing the scheme main features . The choice of a modeling approach arose from distinct needs: (1) defining the road network to be charged; (2) designing toll locations on the defined network; (3) evaluating the amount of revenue generated; (4) anticipating the charging scheme impacts on HGV traffics; and (5) assessing the increase of road transport costs. A freight transport model (called MONAPL) was subsequently designed in order to respond to the various needs of the Ministry for Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea. The model represents 150,000 km of the French road network and distinguishes 29 types of roads with respect to technical features such as incline, width, number of lanes, etc. Most of the other European countries road networks are also taken into account. The Origin-Destination matrix of transport demand is calculated from both French and European institutional traffic surveys and local initiatives. Among data sets used for the model calibration, traffic assignment results were compared to the French HGV national survey (undertaken by Setra). This survey displays the amount of traffic (in veh-km) per category of HGV and per type of network at specific locations on the French road network. The paper goes more thoroughly into the model technical features and highlights how each of these features contribute to provide some very useful insights regarding the charging scheme design. It also sets out a sample of the model outcomes.


This paper compares measures derived from linear power spectral analysis and nonlinear chaotic analysis of helicopter vibratory data obtained during different flight tests. In particular, the strange attractor behavior of the trajectory of reconstructed state vectors in phase space was examined and quantified using the correlation dimension, which provides a fractal dimension measure in regards to the number of active degrees of freedom of helicopter vibration. We have examined the helicopter vibratory data collected from a well tuned four-blade servo-flap rotor system conducting hover, low-speed, and cruising-speed forward flights. In this paper, we examined servo-flap mid-span bending and rotor blade flat-wise bending. The results have shown that during helicopter hover, vibratory data of servo-flap bending and rotor flat-wise bending are more random than chaotic. On the other hand, the complexity (fractal dimension) of vibratory data increase when the helicopter switched from the minimum forward speed flight to cruising-speed forward flight.


Multifocal ERG (mfERG) and multifocal VEP (mfVEP) have been used widely in the investigation of pathological changes or functional variations in the visual system. Altitudinal hemifield loss is a visual field defect that is usually found in patients with ischaemic optic neuropathy (ION). Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a complex multi‐factorial disease and it is difficult to diagnose according to clinical symptoms and signs alone. AION is believed to be caused by an infarction of the optic nerve due to the occlusion of the posterior ciliary arteries. The current report presents a patient diagnosed with non‐arteritic AION. In this report, the mfERG findings did not match the results of the visual field test but those of the mfVEP did. After consideration of the visual electrophysiological and visual field results, the defect arises from neither the retina nor the visual pathway behind the optic chiasma. Hence, the optic nerve is the most likely location of the lesion, causing the superior altitudinal hemi‐field loss. This report shows that the mfERG and mfVEP techniques can be used for objective visual field assessment to supplement the conventional visual field testing.


Since opening of the Yeungnam University Hospital in June 1983 till end of 1984, total 30 cases of cerebral thrombosis were analysed clinically. Among the 30, 17 cases were given Urokinase from 60,000 to 240,000 units daily for 2-46 days. The interval from the onset to the inititiation of therapy varied from 1 hour to 17 days. Ten cases showed marked recovery and 6 cases moderate improvement. One case, in which only 120,000 units daily were administered, showed stationary course. The interval of the Urokinase untreated 13 cases was from 3 days to 18 months. Six cases were stationary, whereas 7 cases showed mild improvement. Age, sex, past history, associated diseases, and the laboratory findings are shown in the tables. Conclusion is that the earlier the therapy started, the higher the dosage used, the better of the results is obtained.


Through optical and electron microscopy to study the various micro-phases in different cooling processes to titanium bearing low carbon steels containing fine non-metallic inclusions,it is observed that the ferrite fine microstructure has much effect on their mechanical properties.The existence and amount of small isolated martensite between the acicular ferrite play an important role in determining the tensile strength and low temperature impact toughness of the steels.


The research under direction by Budi Widayanto and Soeharto. The research aims to describes: first, agriculture sector is base sector or non base sector; second, multiplier effect of GRDP base sectors and total of labor sectors; third, relationship between total of labor sectors and GRDP income sectors and fourth, trend of agriculture sector at Bantul Regency from 2012 until 2016. The characteristic of this research are description method with quantity approach in accordance with statistic arithmetic and source data used secondary data. Collection data at Central Statistical Agency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta with library research and record the data. The methods are collecting data, processing, analysis and give presentation from the result of the research with technique analysis used location quotient (LQ), correlation analyze, multiplier effect and trend analyze. The result was shown agriculture sector during five years from 2007 until 2011 is base sector, with average LQ 1,361 of GRDP based on current price and 1,381 of GRDP based on constant price, average base multiplier effect is 4,836 and then average of total labors multiplier effect is 5,463. Correlation was a significant among GRDP income sectors and total of labor sectors, which coefficient correlation GRDP based on constant price value is 0,956 and beside that, GRDP based on current price is 0,954 . Agriculture sector has a positive trend in five years latter which improved value of GRDP based on constant price has 21.964 million rupiah and GRDP based on current price has 156.509 million rupiah in every year from 2012 until 2016.
Keyword : GRDP, Agriculture Sector, Base Sector.


This study analyzes the meaning of leisure consumption in the consumption-oriented society by reexamining the conspicious consumption theory of Thorstein Veblen. Veblen insists that the leisure class spends a great deal of money based on ostentatious principle of prodigality to acquire social respect. In this progress, behavioral principle, preference, and tastes of the leisure class expands into those of all classes. As a consequence, the lower classes imitate behavioral patterns of the leisure class. This study emphasize the consumption function as a mean to express one's identity by providing people behavioral principle. Even though Veblen`` theory of leisure class outdated a little, it is still very useful in understanding people``s leisure behavior in many respects.


A low power, high speed (480Mbps) envelope detector for serial data systems such as USB2.0 is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture is based on a high frequency rectifier implementation along with a comparator and offers about 50% power and area saving compared to prior implementations using multiple comparators. A calibration scheme to make the envelope detector process, voltage and temperature independent is discussed. This architecture can be used for any high frequency serial interface requiring envelope detection. The circuit is implemented in 45nm CMOS technology and consumes 2.5mW power and occupies 0.015 mm2 area.


Perception of change and continuity and perception of time and chronology are among the skills expected to be acquired by students through the Social Studies course curriculum (SSCEC). These skills are included in the SSCEC, which was updated in both 2005 and 2018. It is aimed to attainment, develop and transfer these skills to students by making associations with many learning areas in SSCEC and with the achievements included in these learning areas. It is important to what degree these skills, which are among the basic skills of the social studies course, are included in the curriculum. For this reason, the aim of the study was to determine how much and at what level the ability to perceive change and continuity and to perceive time and chronology were given in SSCEC. The qualitative research model and document review method were used in the study. Due to the study of the relationship between change and continuity perception and time and chronology perception skills with SSCEC, SSCEC has been identified as the data source of the study. The data is analyzed by descriptive analysis technique. According to the results of the study, it was achieved that the ability to perceive change and continuity and to perceive time and chronology are included in SSCEC at all class levels and in all learning areas. In addition, it was determined that the ability to detect change and continuity in SSCEC includes the ability to detect continuity and change that occurs with the most time, and the ability to detect time and chronology includes indicators for interpreting data in the most time lane.


Objective
To describe the use of normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) recommended for public health purposes in Queensland and Australia.
Methods
Queensland public health unit (PHU) data on notified cases of measles, rubella and hepatitis A from 2004 to 2014 were examined; particularly regarding the number of contacts offered NHIG and the volume recommended per contact.
The National Blood Authority (NBA) provided unidentified data from NHIG order form inception (June 2014) through December 2016. Queensland orders were compared to PHU data where the data timeframes overlapped.
Results
NHIG usage varied by condition. For hepatitis A, usage declined after the introduction of vaccination for contacts in 2010. Usage fluctuated across the study period for measles and was not recommended for rubella. Average volumes per contact for hepatitis A and measles were 1.6mL and 11.9mL respectively based on PHU data.
PHU data approximated NBA data on NHIG usage for hepatitis A and rubella contacts. Calculated volumes of NHIG per measles contact were also similar, but PHU data underestimated the number of measles contacts for whom NHIG was ordered.
Discussion
This study is the first to document the use of NHIG for public health purposes in Australia. Results will be valuable for national blood sufficiency planning and cost effectiveness studies in the event of alterations to NHIG dosage recommendations.


The future of diaspora goes together with the future of diversity, and the different ways in which states and nations can reconfigure how their mobile, multifaceted members are accepted as belonging. The 2018 FIFA World Cup, like many international sporting events, crystallised some of debates about citizenship and belonging as applied to specific players and, notably for this event, to the 'foreign-born' men playing for the Moroccan team. Though public debates often focus on evaluating the 'belonging' of individuals who are chosen for elite events to represent the nation, that lens did not seem to be applied to the Moroccan team. By exploring how diversity and diaspora were debated in relation to players for European teams in this same tournament, I explore here how the Moroccan example represents perhaps a new direction for diaspora: one which connects descendants across multiple nations and states without character judgments about who can belong.


OBJEC ing a plurality of resource managers. A reference moni tor service is established and a plurality of access con trol profiles are stored therein. Thereafter, selected access control profile information may be communi cated between the reference monitor service and a re source manager in response to an attempted access of a particular resource object controlled by that resource manager. A resource manager may utilize this commu nication technique to retrieve, modify, or delete a se lected access control profile, as desired. Further, the resource manager may utilize this communication tech nique to control access to a resource object by utilizing the information contained within the access control profile to determine if the requester is authorized to access the resource object and whether or not the re quester has been granted sufficient authority to take selected actions with respect to that resource object. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each access control profile may include access control infor mation relating to a selected user; a selected resource object; a selected group of users; a specified level of authority associated with a selected user; a selected set of resource objects; or, a predetermined set of resource objects and a selected list of users each authorized to access at least a portion of said predetermined set of resource objects.


Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of malignant tumors, which provides energy and material basis for tumor rapid proliferation, immune escape, as well as extensive invasion and metastasis. Blocking the energy and material supply of tumor cells is one of the strategies to treat tumor, however tumor cell metabolic heterogeneity prevents metabolic-based anti-cancer treatment. Therefore, searching for the key metabolic factors that regulate cell cancerous change and tumor recurrence has become a major challenge. Emerging technology––single-cell metabolomics is different from the traditional metabolomics that obtains average information of a group of cells. Single-cell metabolomics identifies the metabolites of single cells in different states by mass spectrometry, and captures the molecular biological information of the energy and substances synthesized in single cells, which provides more detailed information for tumor treatment metabolic target screening. This review will combine the current research status of tumor cell metabolism with the advantages of single-cell metabolomics technology, and explore the role of single-cell sequencing technology in searching key factors regulating tumor metabolism. The addition of single-cell technology will accelerate the development of metabolism-based anti-cancer strategies, which may greatly improve the prognostic survival rate of cancer patients.


BACKGROUND
Skilled Nursing Wards (SNW) in Israel are purposely equipped and staffed for treatment of patients that, in addition to functional dependence, suffer from active diseases which require close medical supervision. Patients' surveys on satisfaction with health care are increasingly accepted as an element of quality assessment. However, given the high rate of communication disorders present in these patients, this method is not feasible for use in SNWs.

OBJECTIVE
We initiated a survey of patients' relatives--based on a questionnaire specifically designed to reflect their satisfaction with the level of care provided.

METHODS
Respondents were asked to rank their level of satisfaction with medical, nursing and structural aspects of the care in the SNW on a 1-5 Likert Scale.

RESULTS
Relatives of 147 SNW residents answered the questionnaire. The overall level of satisfaction was high, all components being ranked at 4.2 or above. Four point fifty-five was the average rating given to the medical component of the care, 4.39 to the nursing aspect and 4.32 to the structural section. Five points were awarded to the medical component by 60% of the participants, to the nursing element by 55% of respondents and to the structural section by 40% of respondents. No differences were observed between the rankings of frequent and less frequent visitors. All respondents were highly cooperative and expressed their appreciation of the initiative to perform a satisfaction survey.

CONCLUSION
The results show that the families of the skilled nursing patients that participated in this study are satisfied with the health care provided to their relatives. Such surveys contribute to the quality of care and should be considered for routine/periodical use in long-term care settings.


A mathematical model of double-cladding DBR Er3+-Yb3+ codoped fiber laser is established based on rate-equation theory, taking into account the energy transfer between Er3+ and Yb3+. The population of upper level of Er3+ & Yb3+and the output power and laser gain are analyzed and their factors influenced by pump power, fiber length, scatter loss and mirror reflectivity. The results calculated can directly be used in design and applications of fiber laser.


The influence of the choice of stator lamination material on the iron loss in a high speed, high power permanent magnet generator, which is interfaced to a DC link via a simple bridge rectifier, is investigated. The rating of the generator is representative of machines which would be employed in 'more-electric' ships and for embedded power generation. It is shown that the iron loss can be reduced considerably by employing 6.5% SiFe laminations rather than 3% SiFe. It is also shown that, due to the high harmonic content in the phase current waveforms, the iron loss density can vary widely over the stator laminations.


A novel murine monoclonal antibody against the fibrin alpha-chain N-terminus is presented, which reacts with desAA- and desAABB-fibrin. In immunoblot procedures, the antibody reacted with fibrin degradation products X and Y of non-crosslinked fibrin, and fragment E. No binding was observed to the fibrin fragment D-dimer, and fibrinogen fragments D and E. Minor binding to fibrinogen fragments X, and Y, and desBB-fibrin were presumably due to minor contamination with (desAA)-fibrin. A prerequisite for binding was release of fibrinopeptides A (FpA), the binding site being a fibrin-specific neo-epitope. No binding was observed to fibrinogen or to thrombin-treated dysfibrinogen MANNHEIM III (A alpha 16 Arg-->Cys) molecules, which do not release FpA. The antibody bound to abnormal fibrin molecules prepared from dysfibrinogen MANNHEIM I (A alpha 19 Arg-->Gly), albeit to a lesser extent than to normal fibrin. Binding of the antibody to the fibrin epitope was greatly enhanced by denaturation, e.g. by heat, or by treatment with chaotropic ions. Soluble fibrin in clinical samples is generally found as a complex with fibrinogen, since polymerization sites 'A' exposed by release of FpA react with complementary binding sites 'a' on the D-domains of other fibrin and fibrinogen molecules. Treatment of samples with NaSCN caused dissociation of fibrin monomer complexes. Reassociation was prevented by denaturation of both polymerization sites 'A' and 'a'. The antibody in combination with NaSCN-treatment of samples was useful for specific detection of fibrin monomer in plasma samples. Measurement was not influenced by fibrinogen degradation products, whereas fibrin degradation products at very high concentration caused some underestimation of fibrin monomer concentration.


The framework of salt tectonics in the Central North Sea was set early in the Triassic. We defined and illustrated five major domains of differing salt tectonic style. The differing structural styles were all interpreted as having evolved under a component of lateral displacement pairing extensional and contractional structures, produced by some combination of decoupled rift extension and gravity sliding. However, the extensional structures are located toward the basin center and the contractional structures near the original updip limits of salt. This suggests a framework driven by gravity sliding of the sediments overlying the Zechstein away from the Central Graben. Possible mechanisms for structural relief away from the Central Graben are the Triassic focus of rifting lying further east at the Norwegian-Danish basin, footwall uplift of a Triassic Central Graben precursor and significant thermal doming occurring much earlier than had previously been thought. The mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and may have acted in concert.


TO THE EDITOR: Verwer et al. (1) recently presented a study aimed at validating the use of simplified methods for quantification of 18F-fluoromethylcholine uptake in a routine clinical setting of prostate cancer patients. The authors nicely demonstrated that 18F-fluoromethylcholine uptake should be quantified using full kinetic modeling involving a single-tissue-compartment model with irreversible trapping and a blood volume parameter, in combination with a metabolite-corrected plasma input function based on invasive arterial blood sampling. The authors proposed—as a noninvasive simplified method based on 2 consecutive static PET scans—the use of the ratio (SUVAUC,PP) of lesion activity concentrations (AL(t), assessed 30–40 min after injection) normalized to the area under the curve of the metabolite-corrected plasma input function (AUCPP, computed over 0–30 min after injection). This ratio provided an excellent correlation to the uptake rate constant of the full kinetic modeling (Fig. 6C; SUVAUC,PP 5 14.54 · K1 1 0.02; R2 5 0.91) (1). We would like to point out that the slope of the fit reveals a discrepancy of 14.54 between SUVAUC,PP and K1, whereas SUVAUC,PP should be considered as a noninvasive surrogate for K1 and a slope around 1 should be expected. Indeed, as previously shown by Patlak (2), K1 5 AL(t)/AUCPP, which is actually the SUVAUC,PP definition. Therefore, corrections to the SUVAUC,PP outcomes reported by Verwer et al. may be proposed for a better comparison with K1. For this comparison, an analytic expression for AUCPP and hence for SUVAUC,PP, as simple as possible, is needed to clarify the unit of each parameter. Let us assume that the metabolite-corrected plasma input function monoexponentially decays with a (decay-corrected) time constant a: then AUCPP 5 A0/a · [1 – exp(–aT)], with T 5 30 min and A0 the initial (virtual) metabolite-corrected plasma activity concentration (3). AUCPP is the total number of disintegrations per milliliter (of blood) that have occurred over the time range 0–T; A0 is expressed in Bq/mL, that is, number of disintegrations per second and per milliliter; [1 – exp (–aT)] has no dimension; a is expressed in s21 because A0 involves becquerels (i.e., equivalent to s21). Finally, SUVAUC,PP is expressed in s21 because of the AL(t) unit, which is Bq/mL. To consistently compare SUVAUC,PP and K1, we suggest that 2 corrective factors should be applied. First, because in current practice AL(t) is usually expressed in kBq/mL rather than in Bq/mL, A0 should then be expressed in kBq/mL instead of in MBq/mL, as indicated in Figure 6C (and in Supplemental Fig. 2C) (1): the corrective factor is 1/1,000. Second, because K1 is usually expressed in min21 rather than in s21 (the axis units in Fig. 6C and supplemental Fig. 2C are not clearly indicated), the corrective factor is 60. As a result, we suggest that the SUVAUC,PP outcomes reported by Verwer et al. should be multiplied by a corrective factor of 60/1,000, leading to a further slope of 0.87 instead of 14.54 in Figure 6C. In conclusion, Verwer et al. convincingly demonstrated that, instead of SUV, SUVAUC,PP could be used in current clinical practice to noninvasively quantify 18F-fluoromethylcholine uptake in prostate cancer patients. We further suggest that SUVAUC,PP is actually an uptake rate constant rather than an SUV (usually expressed in min21 and g/mL, respectively) and that the aboveproposed correction strengthens its relevance.


The multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein functions as a broad specificity efflux transporter of structurally diverse natural product and xenobiotic compounds. P-glycoprotein also is an important component of the functional blood-brain barrier. To enable further studies of function and modulation of MDR1 P-glycoprotein in vitro and in vivo, two novel phosphine technetium(III) complexes were designed and characterized: trans-[2,2'-(1, 2-ethanediyldiimino)bis(1, 5-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo-hexenyl)]bis[methylbis(3-methoxy-1- propyl)ph osphine]Tc(III) (Tc-Q58) and trans-[5,5'-(1,2-ethanediyl diimino)bis(2-ethoxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-4-pentenyl)]bis[dimethyl(3- methox y-1-propyl)phosphine)]Tc(III) (Tc-Q63). In human drug-sensitive KB 3-1 cells and multidrug-resistant KB 8-5 and 8-5-11 derivative cell lines, expressing nonimmunodetectable, low, and high levels of MDR1 P-glycoprotein, respectively, accumulation of Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 was inverse to expression of the transporter. Differences between drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cells, while detectable at picomolar concentrations of each radiopharmaceutical, were independent of tracer concentration. Ratios of tracer accumulation in KB 3-1 and 8-5 cells were 62.3 and 48.1 for Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63, respectively. Cell contents of Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 were enhanced up to 60-fold in MDR cells by known modulators of MDR1 P-glycoprotein, while drugs not in the multidrug-resistant phenotype had no effect on their accumulation. In KB 8-5 cells, potency of modulators was GF120918 >> cyclosporin A > verapamil. Accumulation of Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 in Sf9 insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing human MDR1 P-glycoprotein was reduced in a GF120918-reversible manner (EC50 </= 70 nM) compared with cells infected with a wild-type baculovirus. By contrast, cell contents of Tc-Q58 or Tc-Q63 in Sf9 cells expressing the homologous MDR3 P-glycoprotein did not differ from wild-type virus. Demonstrating molecular targeting of these complexes in vivo, distribution and retention of Tc-Q58 in brain tissue of FVB mice treated with a saturating dose of GF120918 and mice deficient in the mdr1a gene [mdr1a (-/-)] were enhanced 180% and 520% over control, respectively. Exploiting the gamma-emission spectrum of 99mTc, increased uptake of Tc-Q58 in brain tissue of mdr1a (-/-) mice was readily detected noninvasively by scintigraphic imaging. Thus, both Tc-Q58 and Tc-Q63 are demonstrated to be substrates for transport by MDR1 P-glycoprotein, broadening the specificity of this transporter to include phosphine-containing metal complexes. As shown with Tc-Q58, these Q complexes can be used to detect transport activity and modulation of MDR1 P-glycoprotein in vitro and to directly monitor the functional status of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in vivo.


In the title complex, [Cu(C12H7BrClN2O)2], the CuII center is tetracoordinated by two phenolate O and two azomethine N atoms from two independent bidentate 4-bromo-2-[(2-chloro-3-pyridyl)iminomethyl]phenolate (L) ligands. In the crystal structure, the CuII atom has a distorted square-planar coordination environment. The interplanar dihedral angles between the benzene and pyridine rings in the individual ligands are 63.83 (4) and 54.43 (3)°, indicating the pyridine ring to have considerably weaker steric hindrance.


Brazil is one of the largest producers of food
in the world. Agriculture and livestock production
are concentrated in certain regions of the country.
Livestock has been perceived as a constant threat
to the quantity and quality of water resources. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the impact
of mixed farms on superficial water quality in
Pinhal River sub-basin, which is located in Con-
cordia, Santa Catarina State. Eight sampling sites
representing different land-uses (LU1: dairy cattle;
LU2: without animals; LU3: dairy + pigs + poultry
+ crops; LU4: pigs + poultry + crops; LU5: dairy +
pigs + poultry + crops + human; LU6: dairy + pigs
+ crops; LU7 and LU8: dairy + pigs) were evaluated.
These sampling sites were assessed longitudinally
and sampled during the summer, spring, autumn,
and winter of 2006 to 2009. LU1 presented the
worst water quality with high concentrations of
total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen
demand. In this point, cows had access to the
river. The highest concentration of nitrate (NO 3 -N)
was found at the estuary of the river. There were
higher concentrations of TSS, NO 3 -N and NO 2 -N in
wet season. At this time, intensive fertilizer
application to corn fields is common. Autumn and
winter presented the worst water quality with
respect to nitrogen concentration. Results showed
a strong relationship between the sources of
pollution (e.g., cows, pigs and poultries) and
water quality. Managing the use of animal manure
with optimum chemical fertilizer applications along
with riparian fencing may provide important
mitigation options for protecting water quality of
Pinhal River.


Muscle sensory neurons, called Ia afferents, make monosynaptic connections with functionally related sets of motoneurons in the spinal cord. Previous work has suggested that peripheral target muscles play a major role in determining the central connections of Ia afferents with motoneurons. Here, we ask whether motoneurons can also be influenced by their target muscles in terms of the monosynaptic input they receive from Ia afferents, by transplanting thoracic motoneurons into the lumbosacral spinal cord so that they innervate foreign muscles. Three or four segments of thoracic neural tube from stage 14-15 chicken embryos were transplanted to the lumbosacral region of stage 16-17 embryos, and electrophysiological recordings were made from transplanted motoneurons after the embryos had reached stage 38-40. Transplanted thoracic motoneurons innervated limb muscles and received monosynaptic inputs from Ia afferents. These connections were not random: Most of the connections were formed between Ia afferents and motoneurons projecting to the same muscle (homonymous connections). Few aberrant connections were found although the anatomical distribution of afferents in the transplant indicated that they had ample opportunity to contact inappropriate motoneurons. We conclude that although peripheral target cues are not sufficient to respecify an already committed motoneuron (turn a thoracic motoneuron into a lumbosacral motoneuron), they do provide sufficient information for Ia afferent input to be functionally correct.


&NA; The data requirements and resources needed to develop effective indicators of fishing impacts on target stocks may often be great, especially for mangrove fisheries where, for example, tidal cycles sequentially flood and drain the habitat as a result of natural processes. Here, we used underwater video systems to evaluate the impact of small‐scale fisheries on mangrove fish assemblages at four levels of fishing pressure (low, medium, high, and no pressure). The lowest values of species richness and abundance were recorded in the areas fished most intensively. Conversely, the highest species richness and the occurrence of larger‐bodied fish were recorded in areas of reduced fishing activity, which was surprisingly similar to the "no fishing" areas. The slopes of the community size spectra steepened in response to exploitation, while the relative abundance of medium‐sized fish (16‐25 cm) declined. Fishing for local or regional markets, rather than subsistence, also led to a decrease in the abundance of larger fish (>41 cm). The marked response of population parameters to fishing pressure reflected the impact of unregulated small‐scale fisheries on areas of mangroves. Fishery management practices that ignore contemporary changes in these environments are likely to overestimate long‐term yields, leading to overfishing. Thus, size‐based approaches to evaluating fishing pressure were suitable for detecting negative responses from the mangrove fish assemblages. A next step will be to integrate size‐ and species‐based ecological approaches that provide mechanisms to address pronounced decreases in specific species as a more profitable indicator of fishing impacts on mangrove fish assemblages. This approach will allow the development of effective conservation and management strategies.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to understand the patterns of the implied volatility (IV) of the Indian index option market and its relationship with moneyness (called the volatility smile). Its goal is also to ascertain the determinants of IV. Design/methodology/approach - For this purpose, IVs were computed from the daily call and put data of CNX Nifty index options from April 2004 to March 2014. The patterns of IVs were analysed using univariate parametric tests. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to understand the relationships observed. Resultantly, vector autoregressions were performed to assess the determinants of IV. Findings - The results suggested that there was asymmetric volatility across time and strike prices using alternative measures of moneyness. Furthermore, it was found that the IV of lower strike prices was significantly higher (lower) than that of higher strike prices for call (put) options. Put IV was observed to be higher than call IV irrespective of any attributes. The results further showed that current-month contracts have significantly higher IV than those for next month and those were followed by far-month contracts. Nifty futures' volumes and momentum were found to be significant determinants of IV. Practical implications - The behaviour of the volatility smile is important when accounting for the Vega risks in the portfolios of hedge fund managers. While taking a position, besides the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model's input factors, investors must consider the previous behaviour of volatility, a market's microstructures and its liquidity for a put option contract. They must also consider the attributes of the underlying for a call option contract. Originality/value - This is the first decadal study (the longest span of data for any international study on this subject) to confirm the existence of the volatility smile for the index options market in India. It examines and confirms the smile's asymmetry patterns for different definitions of moneyness, as well as option types, the tenure of options contracts and the different phases of market conditions. It further helps to identify the determinants of IV and so has renewed importance for traders.


Venezuela has a big potential for the generation of energy from renewable resources (e.g. water, wind, solar, biomass, etc.), geothermal reservoirs, and from its huge reserves of hydrocarbons in conventional and highly viscous oil reservoirs. Due to the great efforts being made by several countries worldwide to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and global warming, the production of clean fuels (e.g. hydrogen) with low-carbon content to reach net zero is a great challenge, but yet of keen interest, for the Venezuelan industry. The objective of this article is to review most of the relevant techniques and propose potential scenarios/technologies for the reduction of greenhouse gases and the generation of clean fuels from reservoirs in Venezuela.
 The methodologies that have been envisaged in various industry and research segments in hydrogen and low-carbon fuels include, but are not limited to, steam reforming, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, CCUS, oil, etc. A detailed description of each technology along with relevant scenarios and main conclusions are given. Also, the processes and procedures undertaken in these clean fuel generation technologies are addressed in this article to cover advances made in various industry disciplines and to highlight potential future breakthroughs.
 For the Venezuelan particular case, the following major scenarios are predicted for the generation of clean fossil fuels: 1) production of hydrogen from natural gas with CO2 capture and storage in aquifers or in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, 2) use of the produced or sequestered CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in reservoirs with production decline, 3) production of clean fossil fuels from upgrading techniques and applicable EOR methods (e.g. in-situ combustion), 4) perspectives for the generation of hydrogen from renewable resources, among others. The application of each of these technologies/scenarios is closely linked to underlying technical feasibility and economics.
 This article presents an approach to producing hydrogen and low-carbon fossil fuels, upstream and downstream, with CO2 capture and storage. The sequestered CO2 could then be used in miscible gas floods in conventional oil reservoirs for improved recovery, despite the possible effect on asphaltene precipitation and related flow assurance issues. Reconversion schemes for existing flow lines and new infrastructure designs would be necessary for the application of hydrogen and low-carbon fuel technologies, which would involve significant investments in terms of OPEX and CAPEX.


Cute CO! An interesting and straightforward procedure for the carbonylative synthesis of chromenones from readily available salicylic aldehydes and benzyl chlorides has been developed (see scheme; DPPP = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane). In the presence of a palladium catalyst, various coumarins were produced in good to excellent yields.


Gallbladder cancer is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and has a particularly high incidence in Chile, Japan, and northern India. Many Japanese surgeons have reported that aggressive surgery improves the outcome of patients with gallbladder cancer. Differences in survival rates between Japan and other countries have been noted. The objective of this study was to determine whether there were any changes over time in the incidence, therapeutic approach, stage at diagnosis, or prognosis of gallbladder cancer in an unselected, community‐based series of patients in Japan.


INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a major disease causing death every year 1.8 million worldwide and represents the leading cause of mortality resulting from a bacterial infection. Introduction in the 60's of first-line drug regimen resulted in the control of the disease and TB was perceived as defeated.
In 2011, tuberculosis (TB) remained the second cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. It mainly affects the poorest countries of Africa and
Southeast Asia. In 2010, according to the world health organization (WHO), TB incidence and prevalence were estimated at 8.8 and 12 million cases respectively
about 1.1 million among HIV-negative people and 0.35 million among HIV-positive people died from TB. Most importantly, one third of the world population is infected
with latent infection and 10% of those infected people will develop active TB in their life. BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS SPECIES: The mycobacterium tuberculosis complex consists of Mycobacterium bovis,
Mycobacterium africanoum and Mycobacterium canettii, Mycobacterium capre, Mycobacterium microti and Mycobacterium pinnipedi. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the obligate human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacteria are a distinctive rod shaped, non spore forming aerobic bacteria that share a common property of a lipid-rich cell-wall that
avidly retains carbol fushion dye in the presence of acidic alcohol (acid fast staining).
Mycobacteria typically measures 0.5μm to 3μm.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: With the ongoing progress in protein crystallography and NMR, structurebased
drug design is gaining increasing importance in the search for new drugs.
Modeling starts from the 3D structure of a target protein in order to construct molecules which are complementary to a binding site, in their geometry as well as in the pattern of their physicochemical properties around the molecules The present study relates to the synthesis of various aryl carboxylic acid derivatives and subsequent screening for their anti-tubercular activity. Due to several toxic effects of isoniazid, attempts were made to eliminate the toxicophore and substituting with a group contributing to the anti-tubercular action. This work also aims the same motive and the compounds were synthesized according to the developed and valid synthetic
route. SUMMARY: 1. Decaprenylphosphoryl-b-d-ribose 2'-Epimerase 1(DprE1) a enzyme of
OxidoReductase family is a critical enzyme for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
2. From the review of literature DprE1 was chosen for our study for drug design.
3.A database of 100 molecules with high potential of inhibiting the target possessing PDB ID of 4FDO were carefully chosen by making changes to the
lead molecule aryl carboxylic acid derivatives.
4. The 3D structure of the molecules were docked against the 3D structure of DprE1 using the docking platform argus lab.
5. Three compounds with good Docking score (lower Binding energy) were selected for laboratory synthesis. The reaction conditions were optimized.
6. The Compounds were labeled as R1, R2, R3 were synthesized with satisfactory yield.
7. The purity of the synthesized compounds was ensured by repeated recrystallization and column chromatography.Further the compounds were evaluated by melting point and TLC.
8. The characterizations of the synthesized compounds were done by Infrared, Nuclear magnetic resonance and Mass spectroscopic methods.
9. The final pure compounds were screened for Antimycobacterial activity by in vitro method called Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA).
10. The synthesized compounds were active at 25mcg/ml to <100mcg/ml, which are compared to that of the known anti-tubercular agents at 50mcg/ml against the MIC of known TB drugs. The synthesized compounds were lesser active
than that of the standard TB drugs. Pyrazinamide: 3.125mcg/ml,
Ciprefloxacin: 3.125mcg/ml and Streptomycin 6.25mcg/ml.
11.The synthesized compounds were subjected to toxicity prediction assessments by OSIRS software. The results are coded as a green colour which confirms
the drug likeness. CONCLUSION: Our work concludes that our synthesized molecules are effective in inhibiting
Decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-D-ribose 2'-Epimerase 1(DprE1) which is important for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Further structural refinement in the structure of the synthesized compounds will give new outlook to the development of promising molecules against the
pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


In recent years there have been a number of static and shockwave experiments on the properties of planetary materials. The highest pressure measurements, and the ones most relevant to planetary modelling, have been obtained by shock compression. Of particular interest to the Jovian group are results for H 2, H 20 , CH4 and NH3. Although the properties of metallic hydrogen have not been measured, they have been the subject of extensive calculations. In addition recent shock wave experiments on iron report to have detected melting under Earth core conditions. From this data theoretical models have been developed for computing the equations of state of materials used in planetary studies. A compelling feature that has followed from the use of improved material properties is a simplification in the planetary models.


One of the requirements that must be met in the design of reinforced concrete construction is to achieve a perfect bonding between reinforcement and concrete. A perfect bonding ensured a composite action between reinforcement and concrete. The Implementation of the precast construction method leads to a mechanism that is not a monolith between steel and concrete. This condition can affect the lack of coherence which can lead to slip. In this study, the 30 concrete cylinders in 150 x 300 mm are used as pull out test specimens. On each specimen grown mounted on a steel reinforced sleeve pipe. In the sleeve pipe is inserted grouting material. Specified variables are the length of embedded, grouting thickness, and surface roughness of the sleeve pipe. The results of the study showed that the length of embedded of reinforcement a strong effect on the bond capacity. In undefined reinforcement, failure occurs due to slip between the reinforcement with a layer of grouting. While the grouting thickness and roughness together a strong effect on the bond capacity. The best results are given by specimens that grouting reinforcement with a layer thickness of 35 mm with a rough surface of the sleeve. Failure happens to resemble a failure on deformed steel reinforcement which is embedded directly in the concrete, reinforcing steel that is breaking up after passing the yield stress limit and the ultimate stress.


ABSTRACT The study provides the first description of acoustic communities from a subtropical rainforest in Northeast India and a previously unexplored site from the Western Ghats. We describe call structures of 15 katydid species from the Indian subcontinent. The habitat and seasonal variations of the communities were investigated at both sites. Most species observed produced ultrasonic broadband calls (bandwidth: 11.07–42.5 kHz); only two Pseudophyllinae members produced pure tone calls. The study includes calls of two previously undescribed species of the genus Ducetia (subfamily: Phaneropterinae) from the subcontinent. We observed diverse acoustic communities at both sites represented by five major subfamilies: Conocephalinae, Hexacentriane, Mecopodinae, Phaneropterinae and Pseudophyllinae. The acoustic communities at each site exhibited seasonal variations and habitat preferences. The post-monsoon season had a richer community composition than the dry season. We compared differences in the community compositions between habitats using a presence–absence matrix based on 526 individuals from the two sites. Species composition was found to be different among habitats (stress = .06, dimension: 2), with ANOSIM indicating separation of species among understorey, shrubland and grassland habitats.


Estrogen, the female dominant hormone, has been found to play critical roles in cancers for over 100 years. In 1896, estrogen was found to promote the tumor growth of breast cancer; and in 1937, estrogen was found to prevent the tumor growth of liver cancer. After the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was identified in 1958, ERα-mediated estrogen signaling was found to promote or prevent the growth of breast cancer cells or liver cancer cells, respectively. Recent studies showed that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in promoting the growth of breast cancer cells was dependent of forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1). Our recent study showed that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in preventing the growth of liver cancer cells also depended on FOXA factors (FOXA1 and FOXA2). Thus, FOXA-dependent ERα-mediated estrogen signaling plays opposite roles in the growth of breast cancer and liver cancer cells. Here, we applied genomic approaches to identify 184 FOXA/ER dual target genes that showed opposite expression in response to estrogen-mediated stimulation or suppression of cell growth in breast or liver cancer cells. Gene ontology analysis showed that the majority of these FOXA/ER dual target genes were involved in the processes of cell proliferation and growth, cell death, tissue development, and cancer. Manipulations of the expression of these target genes were able to reverse the growth of breast and liver cancer cells. Thus, these 184 FOXA/ER dual target genes provide us a novel set of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for both breast cancer and liver cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Zhaoyu Li. Comparative genomics study of FOXA/ER dual regulation in breast cancer and liver cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-08.


These essays, originally comprising an issue of "Representations," explore the relation between gender, eroticism, and violence through close analysis of a range of both high and popular cultural forms, from R. Howard Bloch on medieval theology to Carol Clover on contemporary slasher films. Does misogyny differ from misandry? Can author intention be separated from social context? Do good women counterbalance or reenforce the misogyny of negative examples? Is an obsession with women itself misogynistic? These questions are approached from various angles by Joel Fineman, Charles Bernheimer, Jacqueline Lichtenstein, Frances Ferguson, Naomi Schor and Gillian Brown. In sum, the authors detail not only the ways in which gender is represented, but also the changes to which representation subjects questions of sexual difference.


Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a ubiquitous bacterium in soils, insect cadavers, phylloplane, water, and stored grain, that produces several proteins, each one toxic to different biological targets such as insects, nematodes, mites, protozoa, and mammalian cells. Most Bt toxins identify their particular target through the recognition of specific cell membrane receptors. Cry proteins are the best-known toxins from Bt and a great amount of research has been published. Cry are cytotoxic to insect larvae that affect important crops recognizing specific cell membrane receptors such as cadherin, aminopeptidase-N, and alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, some Cry toxins such as Cry4A, Cry4B, and Cry11A act synergistically with Cyt toxins against dipteran larvae vectors of human disease. Research developed with Cry proteins revealed that these toxins also could kill human cancer cells through the interaction with specific receptors. Parasporins are a small group of patented toxins that may or may not have insecticidal activity. These proteins could kill a wide variety of mammalian cancer cells by recognizing specific membrane receptors, just like Cry toxins do. Surface layer proteins (SLP), unlike the other proteins produced by Bt, are also produced by most bacteria and archaebacteria. It was recently demonstrated that SLP produced by Bt could interact with membrane receptors of insect and human cancer cells to kill them. Cyt toxins have a structure that is mostly unrelated to Cry toxins; thereby, other mechanisms of action have been reported to them. These toxins affect mainly mosquitoes that are vectors of human diseases like Anopheles spp (malaria), Aedes spp (dengue, zika, and chikungunya), and Culex spp (Nile fever and Rift Valley fever), respectively. In addition to the Cry, Cyt, and parasporins toxins produced during spore formation as inclusion bodies, Bt strains also produce Vip (Vegetative insecticidal toxins) and Sip (Secreted insecticidal proteins) toxins with insecticidal activity during their vegetative growth phase.


Objective: To evaluate in vitro the effect of different treatments of the ceramic surface and thermal cycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets bonded to feldspathic ceramic. Material and method: Ceramic cylinders were divided into four groups (n=4) according to the treatment of ceramic surface: G1-Clearfil Ceramic Primer silane and Transbond XT (CCPT); G2-etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HFA) for 60 s, CCP and Transbond XT (ACCPT); G3-etched with 10% HFA for 60 s, Ambar Adhesive and Transbond XT (AAAT); and, G4 etched with 10% HFA for 60 s, RelyX Ceramic Primer silane -RCP, adhesive primer Transbond and Transbond XT (ACPPT). Brackets were bonded to the cylinders with Transbond XT and light-activated for 40 s with LED Radii Plus. All specimens were stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 h, and two cylinders from each group were subject to 7,000 thermal cycles in a thermal cycler (5 °C/55 °C). After storage and thermal cycling, the SBS test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). Result: The SBS of ACCPT was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The specimens submitted to thermal cycling showed significantly lower SBS than those without thermal cycling (p<0.05), regardless the ceramic surface treatment. The ARI showed predominance of score 0 for all groups. Conclusion: Acid etching, CCP silane and Transbond XT method obtained the best results for bracket bonding. Thermal cycling reduced SBS for all groups. Score 0 was predominant for ARI in all groups. Descriptors: Shear strength; orthodontic brackets; silane; adhesive; ceramic. Sáez, Costa, Lucato et al. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2017 May-June; 46(3): 179-183 180


The Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH2 (ACD2) modulates the amount of programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by Pseudomonas syringae and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) treatment. In vitro, ACD2 can reduce red chlorophyll catabolite, a chlorophyll derivative. We find that ACD2 shields root protoplasts that lack chlorophyll from light- and PPIX-induced PCD. Thus, chlorophyll catabolism is not obligatory for ACD2 anti-PCD function. Upon P. syringae infection, ACD2 levels and localization change in cells undergoing PCD and in their close neighbors. Thus, ACD2 shifts from being largely in chloroplasts to partitioning to chloroplasts, mitochondria, and, to a small extent, cytosol. ACD2 protects cells from PCD that requires the early mitochondrial oxidative burst. Later, the chloroplasts of dying cells generate NO, which only slightly affects cell viability. Finally, the mitochondria in dying cells have dramatically altered movements and cellular distribution. Overproduction of both ACD2 (localized to mitochondria and chloroplasts) and ascorbate peroxidase (localized to chloroplasts) greatly reduces P. syringae–induced PCD, suggesting a pro-PCD role for mitochondrial and chloroplast events. During infection, ACD2 may bind to and/or reduce PCD-inducing porphyrin-related molecules in mitochondria and possibly chloroplasts that generate reactive oxygen species, cause altered organelle behavior, and activate a cascade of PCD-inducing events.


The aim of this paper is to define and explain information technology strategic dispositions and competence development within small enterprises. Small enterprises are a heterogeneous group of firms and for that reason, a universal explanation of strategic dispositions and learning strategies makes it advisable to draw upon a diverse range of methods, practices and approaches. 'Competence ergonomics' that fosters learning, empowerment and participation offers the flexibility within which to frame this strategy description. Introduction of information technology into small enterprises is treated as being of strategic importance to the future growth and survival of a firm. Methods and theories now being used in The Swedish National Institute of Working Life's (Arbetslivsinstitutet) Balanced Information Technology Project are those described. The Project is located in the area of Ostersund, Sweden where small industries have the need to adopt information technology as a means of promoting continuing competitiveness.


In the first two papers findings were presented which point to a close relationship between the incidence of rheumatic fever and the distribution of Streptococcus hemolyticus. The fact was emphasized that in the rheumatic subject a recrudescence of the disease process is usually preceded by pharyngeal infection with hemolytic streptococci. These organisms conspicuous in the throat flora during the period of infection preliminary to an attack of acute rheumatism fell into six antigenic groups and produced toxins which in 70 per cent were neutralized by a monovalent streptococcus antiserum. In the present study, four series of observations have been presented, demonstrating the development of immune bodies to hemolytic streptococcus during the course of rheumatic fever. The agglutination and complement fixation reactions of sera from patients with acute rheumatism suggest recent infection with streptococcus. Precipitin tests indicate that at the time of appearance of the rheumatic attack, individuals develop, in their blood, precipitins to the protein fractions of hemolytic streptococcus. That these precipitins may not be entirely specific is recognized from their cross-reactions with antigens of chemically related organisms. The studies made in association with E. W. Todd of England have demonstrated that at the onset of an attack of acute rheumatism, there occurs in each instance a rise in the antistreptolysin titer of the patient's serum. This titer is much higher than that observed in normal subjects or in patients with bacterial infection other than hemolytic streptococcus. This presence of antistreptolysin with an N.D. of 0.005 cc. is considered strong evidence of recent infection by hemolytic streptococcus. In conclusion, the relationship between the incidence of hemolytic streptococcus and the geographical distribution of rheumatic fever, the relationship between the recrudescence in the rheumatic subject and infection of the throat with hemolytic streptococcus, the development of immune bodies for hemolytic streptococcus at the onset of the rheumatic attack and the apparently specific relationship of antistreptolysin formation to infection with hemolytic streptococcus,—together this combined evidence indicates that the infectious agent initiating the rheumatic process is Streptococcus hemolyticus.


Abstract The genetic diversity of 39 clones of common reed originating from different geographical areas of Iran were evaluated using morphological and RAPD analyses. High level of morphological variation was observed among clones. The 16 primers used in this study amplified 149 scorable RAPD loci among which 123 were polymorphic (83.1%). A dendrogram was prepared on the basis of a similarity matrix of RAPD data using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) algorithm and separated the 39 clones into four groups, which mainly were in accordance with geographical origins. The results of the morphological comparison mostly corresponded with the results of RAPD analysis. It is possible that these variations among clones will affect successful management of common reed using chemical or the other methods of control. Nomenclature: Common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.


Determining the strength of ancient planetary magnetic field is pivotal to understanding the evolution of planets and asteroids in the solar system. While the Thellier‐type double heating technique provides the most faithful field strength information for rocks carrying a thermoremanent magnetization (TRM), many extraterrestrial rock samples respond unfavorably to heat treatment. The present study systematically examined the two well‐known normalization techniques that avoid any heating by comparing the ratios of TRM/anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and TRM/saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM). Both the ratios of TRM/ARM and TRM/SIRM are dependent on the grain size as well as the volume concentration of magnetite. The remanence ratios also were found to increase as the alternating field increased during demagnetization for fine‐grained magnetite. A new calibration relation of 2.60 ± 1.32 for the TRM/ARM and of (3.62 ± 1.28) × 10−2 for the TRM/SIRM was defined for an external field of 50 μT. The TRM/SIRM is superior to TRM/ARM because the former showed less dispersion in the grain size dependence, the volume concentration dependence, and the stability against AF demagnetization. In addition, the standard error of the mean for the TRM/SIRM ratio was smaller than that for the TRM/ARM ratio. Thus, whenever heating is inapplicable, the SIRM method seems to be a better choice than the ARM method. However, it should be emphasized that the uncertainty of TRM/ARM and TRM/SIRM is still nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of the high‐fidelity Thellier estimation and thus must be limited in use only when samples are irreversibly altered during heating. In practice, the best approach is to carry out both ARM and SIRM methods and check whether the two estimations agree within the uncertainties.


On 6 September 2012, a new chapter was added to the cross-border loss relief litigation saga with the European Court of Justice's (the Court) ruling in Philips Electronics. This case concerned the compatibility of the British group relief regime with the freedom of establishment. Under this regime, a loss sustained by a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom (UK) which corresponds to any foreign tax is not eligible for group relief. As such a requirement does not exist for losses sustained by resident companies, the Court ruled that it infringed the freedom of establishment and could be justified by neither the objective of preventing the double use of losses or the objective of preserving a balanced allocation of the power to impose taxes between Member States, nor by a combination of two the grounds. The next chapter in the cross-border loss relief saga is soon to be written as the Finish Supreme Administrative Court has requested guidance on the explanation of the meaning of the 'final loss' jurisprudence of Marks & Spencer  in A Oy which is still pending. In this contribution, the authors review the consequences of Philips Electronics and the possible outcome of A Oy. This will involve the question whether the need to prevent the double use of losses, introduced in Marks & Spencer but in that case 'taken together' with the need to preserve the balanced allocation of taxing powers between Member States and the risk of tax avoidance, can now qualify as a stand-alone justification. Furthermore, we will look into the application and scope of the 'Marks & Spencer exception' for final losses. This will be done by taking a critical look at the position of and tasks of the Court within the EU legal order. Furthermore, the authors will look into future of cross-border loss relief and assess what would be desirable from the perspective of the aim of the European Union (EU) to achieve an internal market and the interests of the Member States.


We there discoursed . . . the Copernican Hypothesis, the Nature of Comets and new Stars, the Attendants on Jupiter, the Oval shape of Saturn, the Inequalities and Selenography of the Moon, the several Phases of Venus and Mercury, the Improvement of Telescopes, the grinding of Glasses for that purpose . . . THIS was written by John Wallis in 1678 in his Defence of the Royal Society and he was referring to the meetings held in London about 1645 by men interested in experimental philosophy. The 'Oval shape of Saturn' was a reference to what was then an important problem in astronomy: the explanation of the different appearances of Saturn. Among the men who were to become founding members of the Royal Society were a number who had an interest in this problem, John Wallis, Seth Ward, Dr Jonathan Goddard and Sir Paul Neile, who both kept operators at their houses for the grinding of lenses, John Wilkins, Laurence Rooke, William Balle, and Christopher Wren. Neile, Balle and Wren especially spent a great deal of time and effort on the problem in the 1650's, effort that resulted in Wren's hypothesis on Saturn, which is the subject of De Corpore Saturni.


In Japan, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and serum p53 antibody have been used as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer. Preoperative CEA value is a prognostic factor. For the patients with stage II and stage III, the measurement of CEA is recommended every three months for three years. During the therapy of the recurrent, the measurement of CEA is recommended before treatment and every 1-3 month. CA19-9 is not suggested as an effective tumor marker because of insufficient evidence. The measurement of serum p53 antibody may be effective for detecting early colorectal cancer, because the positive rate of serum p53 antibody in the patients with stage I was higher than that of CEA and CA19-9.


Abstract In the past, it was enough for the airport to have a runway and a modest terminal. The development of air traffic has also increased customer requirements (passengers, airlines, etc.), which has affected the need for airport infrastructure development. Throughout the world, passenger terminals have been built, many of which, according to architectural solutions, represent works of art. The design and functionality are tailored in such a way as to enable longer stay and meet the requirements of passengers and other users. Content and concept offer solutions that airport operators provide for additional revenue. One part of the content and service is offered in passenger terminal buildings, while the other part is provided outside them, whether in or outside the airport. Part of this content is offered by Airport City (AC). AC phenomenon represents the integration of infrastructure, superstructures, information and operations. It represents a part of the Supply Chain (SC) and usually includes facilities such as: passenger terminals, runways and other airport activities such as: ground handling, logistics, office space, shops, hotels, etc. In this paper, authors use a method of systems theory, a modeling method and a comparative method as a general and some specific scientific methods of cognition, to researching the problem to which different AC models and their structure can contribute to the optimal SC flow as its essential part and bring the results of the AC phenomenon as a part of the SC.


We welcome the reviewer's careful analysis of our paper. However, we believe that they have unconsciously exaggerated the confidence of our findings. We are claiming that despite the complexity of the region and its forcing we think there is sufficient evidence to suggest that icebergs probably do have an influence on production in the NW Atlantic, but that this is difficult to isolate. Our paper is a call for more targeted studies to investigate such a link, to confirm or deny our speculative findings. We would be happy to make it clearer that the purpose of the paper is to provide a first analysis of a complex question.


The study aims to investigate tourist visit intentions to nature-based tourism destinations after the COVID-19 pandemic. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used as the primary theoretical foundation to foresee tourist visit intention. This study used a quantitative research design with a purposive sampling technique to collect data. A total of 325 datasets were found to be suitable for the next analysis using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that entirely of the TPB factors are significant in influencing tourist visit intention. Specifically, tourist attitude has the greatest influence on tourist visit intention. It implies that the TPB can effectively forecast tourist visit intention to nature-based tourism destinations. Consequently, destination managers should consider the TPB elements when making decisions.
Keywords: nature-based tourism, theory planned behavior, visit intentions, post- COVID-19, PLS-SEM


Background: Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency has been related with HNPCCs. So far, there is limited information on MMR mRNA profiles in sporadic colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). We previously showed that distinct MMR mRNA phenotypes were related to tumor stage and survival of patients with lung cancer or urinary bladder carcinomas.
Aim: The aim of this study was to quantify hMSH2, hMLH1, hMSH6 and hPMS2 mRNA levels, in CRCs and their adjacent normal tissues (ANTs), using accurate methodology, and to correlate MMR mRNA profiles with patient or tumor characteristics.
Materials and methods: We analyzed 31 fresh frozen tissue specimens of paired CRCs with their ANTs. We evaluated MMR mRNA profiles by a Q-real-time PCR, using hPBGD gene as reference control and creating a standard curve. The MMR mRNA levels were assigned as ratios MMR/hPBGD mRNAs. Relative expression of each MMR gene was given as ratios of CRCs/ANTs mRNA levels.
Results: All CRCs and their ANTs expressed low hPMS2 mRNA levels while a significant proportion of CRCs (73%) and their ANTs (82%) presented low hMSH2 mRNA levels. Analysis of relative expression patterns showed that hMSH6 and hMLH1 exhibited the highest percentages of reduction (53% and 45.5%, respectively). We found a correlation of transcriptional levels between hMSH2 and hMLH1, the crucial components of MMR mechanism and between their counterparts, hMSH6 and hPMS2, in CRCs of early stages, related to gender. On the contrary, CRCs of late stages revealed a correlation between reduced levels of hMSH2 and hMSH6, MutSa components, unrelated to gender but related to lymph node metastasis. Also, reduced hMSH2, hMSH6 and hMLH1 mRNA phenotypes correlated with advanced stage, and rectal localization.
Conclusion: In this study we demonstrated that MMR mRNA deficiency is a common event in sporadic CRCs. Specific profiles of MMR deficiency maybe related to tumor progression, especially in male patients.


Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) have poor prognosis. We aimed to reveal features of ccRCC with VTT and develop a urine-based prognostic classifier to predict ccRCC prognosis through integrative analyses of transcriptomic landscape and urinary signature. Methods RNA sequencing was performed in five patients with ccRCC thrombus-tumor-normal tissue triples, while mass spectrometry was performed for urine samples from 12 ccRCC and 11 healthy controls. A urine-based classifier consisting of three proteins was developed to predict patients' survival and validated in an independent cohort. Results Transcriptomic analysis identified 856 invasion-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed 133 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Integration of transcriptomic landscape and urinary signature reveals 6 urinary detectable proteins (VSIG4, C3, GAL3ST1, TGFBI, AKR1C3, P4HB) displaying abundance changes consistent with corresponding genes in transcriptomic profiling. According to TCGA database, VSIG4, TGFBI, and P4HB were significantly overexpressed in patients with shorter survival and might be independent prognostic factors for ccRCC (all p<0.05). A prognostic classifier consisting of the three DEPs highly associated with survival performed satisfactorily in predicting overall survival (HR=2.0, p<0.01) and disease-free survival (HR=1.6, p<0.001) of ccRCC patients. The ELISA analysis of urine samples from an independent cohort confirmed the satisfied predictive power of the classifier for pathological grade (AUC=0.795, p<0.001) and stage (AUC=0.894, p<0.001). Conclusion Based on integrative analyses of transcriptomic landscape and urinary signature, the urine-based prognostic classifier consisting of VSIG4, TGFBI, and P4HB has satisfied predictive power of ccRCC prognosis and may facilitate ccRCC molecular subtyping and treatment.


This paper proposes a new And/Or parallel execution model (FORDAP) for logic programs which can not only exploit full Or- and independent And-parallelism, but also can exploit dependent And-parallelism with a limited increment of runtime cost. A synchronization mechanism is constructed on a shared variable between its producer and its consumers and a consumer with a large granularity is decomposed further to let its subgoals independent to that producer to execute without delay. A granularity computation algorithm is presented for the control of a goal's decomposition.


In this study, we present toxicity annotation for a Thai Twitter Corpus as a preliminary exploration for toxicity analysis in the Thai language. We construct a Thai toxic word dictionary and select 3,300 tweets for annotation using the 44 keywords from our dictionary. We obtained 2,027 and 1,273 toxic and non-toxic tweets, respectively; these were labeled by three annotators. The result of corpus analysis indicates that tweets that include toxic words are not always toxic. Further, it is more likely that a tweet is toxic, if it contains toxic words indicating their original meaning. Moreover, disagreements in annotation are primarily because of sarcasm, unclear existing target, and word sense ambiguity. Finally, we conducted supervised classification using our corpus as a dataset and obtained an accuracy of 0.80, which is comparable with the inter-annotator agreement of this dataset. Our dataset is available on GitHub.


Two decades after designing and implementing the course of Children's sport as a university subject at the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, and its full academic and practical affirmation, the question of revising and expanding the theoretical and practical context of this subject has been raised, especially in the area of knowledge-related to long-term development of an athlete (DRS) and career planning (problem of this paper). Therefore, theoretical and practical models related to DRS have been introduced as the subject of this analysis, and as a function of theoretical and practical verification, related to defining the context of a new cognitive problem. If we summarize the extensive theoretical and practical sources, we can conclude that sport theory is not capable to creating a framework for a realistic, much less a long-term athlete development model, which is why the aim of this paper is to set out the theoretical and empirical trends towards a new paradigm for holistic view of DRS through sport. An essential and thorough analysis of the context of a representative model of long-term development of an athlete, known by its English acronym "LATD and other DRS models ascertained that their starting point should be established around the concept of "physical literacy", as well as that the truth of the DRS model is still in the process of theoretical and practical verification. The discussion offered is a framework for new strides in approach to a comprehensive theory and practice of sport, especially in the area of children's and youth sport.


This is a descriptive study multidimensional which analyses the speeches in a political context created by two players in the armed conflict in Colombia: United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) –also known as paramili-taries and government– which aims to identify the existence of differences or similarities in the ideological discourse that can be widely accepted and used to label the enemy as the enemy and justify acts of violence against him. The results show that the delegitimization of the opponent is carried out through the dissemination of linguistic several categories: proscription, proscription actions, negative characterization of the actions, use of political labels, characterizing features, weapons and dehumanization of the adver-sary where the preference by one or another category depends on the nature of the actor's ideological conflict that builds speech.


The requirements of reliability, expeditiousness, accuracy, consistency, and simplicity for quality assessment of food products encouraged the development of non-destructive technologies to meet the demands of consumers to obtain superior food qualities. Hyperspectral imaging is one of the most promising techniques currently investigated for quality evaluation purposes in numerous sorts of applications. The main advantage of the hyperspectral imaging system is its aptitude to incorporate both spectroscopy and imaging techniques not only to make a direct assessment of different components simultaneously but also to locate the spatial distribution of such components in the tested products. Associated with multivariate analysis protocols, hyperspectral imaging shows a convinced attitude to be dominated in food authentication and analysis in future. The marvellous potential of the hyperspectral imaging technique as a non-destructive tool has driven the development of more sophisticated hyperspectral imaging systems in food applications. The aim of this review is to give detailed outlines about the theory and principles of hyperspectral imaging and to focus primarily on its applications in the field of quality evaluation of agro-food products as well as its future applicability in modern food industries and research.