When one considers the efforts made by Kenneth Kaunda (b. 1924) to attain Zambia's independence, one is able to understand the value that he attributed to work in this May Day speech (1972). In 1953 - as a member of the Zambian ANC - as well as in 1961, Kenneth Kaunda not only sought to dismantle colonialism in his country but also to formulate a new framework for growth. This entailed harnessing rhetorical means which served two purposes, the one ethical, the other political. One could argue that his praise for the ethical and political dimensions of work bear the marks of his Church of Scotland education and of the British Labour tradition of oratory. It is the sort of fiery, expansive rhetoric he displayed during the liberation phase, and formalised as a tool of government afterwards. This May Day speech conjoins two levels of argumentation: judicial as well as deliberative. The judicial elements of the speech are evident through the presence of an accusation, as he indicts obliquely Zambians who do not see work as a dignified, liberatory force so as to, "[enhance] their personal worth and dignity"; he "points a condemning finger" to Zambians who do not emulate by working the ethos of fellow Zambians who were involved in the liberation movement. The deliberative elements in the speech are apparent through the fact that Kaunda indirectly advocates for a work ethic, which will benefit the people as it will lead to the economic growth of Zambia. Although the speech appears to be endorsing a particular work ethic as well as praising the dignity of labour in general it actually functions as a tool through which Kaunda wishes to rally support for policies. In the year the speech was made, the Zambian government formed different economic structures that led to the national ownership of organisations previously owned predominantly by the British, while, in the face of political opposition Kaunda imposed one party rule and had his main rival jailed. Some parties had already been banned in 1964. In essence the speech seeks to capture the moral high ground upon which Kaunda could legitimise both an ethical calling (the dignity of labour) and a tactical political move.


Recently, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice show a very high background number of splenic antibody-forming cells with specificity for bromelain-treated isologous erythrocytes. This background level was not or only slightly enhanced by LPS injection. In this paper it is reported that the existing response of C3H/HeJ mice is about doubled by treatment of the animals with cobra venom factor (CVF). This increase is very similar to the LPS-induced potentiation of the auto-antibody response of C3H/Tif and other LPS-responder mice. The absence of auto-antibodies in the sera of CVF-treated C3H/HeJ mice, however, points at a different mechanism of B cell activation. The mediation of the CVF-induced stimulation of the B cells of C3H/HeJ mice by covalent C3-glycoprotein complexes and the need for an additional stimulus is discussed.


Meteoric beryllium‐10 (10Bem, t1/2 = 1.4 Myr) is a cosmogenic radionuclide that remains largely underutilized for deriving hillslope‐scale estimates of erosion on uplands under conditions of land use change. We applied two different models for estimating erosion rates from observed 10Bem concentrations (a one‐dimensional model predicting vertical profiles of 10Bem within hillslope soils [loss only, diffusion only, LODO] and a two‐dimensional model predicting the concurrent evolution of hillslope topography and 10Bem distributions via bioturbation, chemical mobility, and surface erosion [Be2D]). Both models were used to derive pre‐European and post‐European settlement erosion rates (Enat and Epost, respectively) across paired cultivated and uncultivated hillslopes in west‐central Minnesota, USA. Epost estimates from 10Bem were compared to Epost estimates derived from 137Cs inventories and the process‐based Water and Tillage Erosion Model (WaTEM). The results from these models suggest that erosion rates from upper positions on the cultivated hillslope have increased from an average of 0.047 mm/year under natural conditions to Epost values of 3.09 mm/year. The Be2D and LODO models, on average, produced Epost estimates that were similar in magnitude to WaTEM and 137Cs conversion models. This numerical convergence does not imply absolute 10Bem model accuracy, particularly when considering the uncertainties inherent in each approach, but it does suggest that the orders of magnitude increase in estimated erosion rates from Enat to Epost is robust. Additionally, the pattern of Epost estimates produced using 10Bem conversion models is supported by the distribution of soil inorganic carbon at the study site. Our results demonstrate that 10Bem can provide reasonable estimates of both predisturbance and postdisturbance erosion rates in landscapes that have undergone extensive human modification.


Funding/Support: Support was provided through grant R03AG042336-01 from the National Institute on Aging (Dr Bowling) and the T. Franklin Williams Scholarship Award. Funding was also provided by Atlantic Philanthropies Inc, the John A. Hartford Foundation, the Association of Specialty Professors, the American Society of Nephrology, and the American Geriatrics Society. Additional support was provided by the Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center special fellowship in advanced geriatrics and the John A. Hartford Foundation/Southeast Center of Excellence in Geriatric Medicine. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data were gathered by the National Center for Health Statistics of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with additional support for cardiovascular examination components from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute through interagency agreement Y1-HC-8039.


The IBA Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration address a variety of issues of principle and practice regarding the conduct of Party representatives in international arbitration. Rather than constituting a code of ethics, they attempt to promote certain 'international best practices' regarding such questions as ex parte communications, submissions to the arbitral tribunal, document production, witnesses and experts, without prejudice to the application of mandatory rules that may locally apply to Party representatives. A specific section of the Guidelines is devoted to 'remedies for misconduct' that may be applied by arbitral tribunals, an area which had more traditionally belonged to the realm of domestic courts and local bar associations.


OBJECTIVE
to describe the health behaviors related to the sexual experiences of women in the female prison system from January to March, 2017.

METHOD
descriptive study with a qualitative approach. A semi-structured questionnaire containing mixed questions and patient records was used. The data analysis was performed through the Bardin's content analysis and adopted as reference the Theory of Basic Human Needs.

RESULTS
18 women, young, single, brown, with a complete fundamental level participated in the study. After this characterization, two categories were evidenced: Health behaviors in sexual experiences and Health care in the face of sexual experiences. 33.3% reported on health behaviors such as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), 27.7% associated with male condom use, 16.6% on prevention of unwanted pregnancies, 11.1% on health care and hygiene.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
it was evidenced that the health behaviors reported by women in sexual experiences are associated with actions to prevent STIs, use of condoms, unwanted pregnancies, and health and hygiene care. However, it is possible to infer that they understand and possess superficial knowledge about health behaviors and that there is no adoption of regular practice in their sexual experiences.


It is a general tendency that epidote, which is a typical greenschist facies mineral, is scarce in the lower oceanic crust, in spite of the widespread occurrence of the other minerals indicative of similar temperature conditions such as chlorite, actinolite, prehnite and serpentine. To find the cause of this, we carried out petrological analyses of lower crustal rocks of the Oman ophiolite sampled by the Oman Drilling Project of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Petrographic observations revealed the tendency, as expected, that the amount of epidote formed by static alteration of plagioclase decreases with depth. Because mineral assemblages indicative of a wide range of temperature conditions from amphibolite to subgreenschist facies occur throughout the cores without systematic variations of abundance, the decrease of epidote amount cannot be explained by the difference of temperature condition of alteration. Petrographic observations also revealed that epidote is absent or rare in rocks containing serpentinized olivine in contrast to prehnite showing a close association with serpentinization of olivine. In an exceptional sample containing both epidote and serpentinized olivine, epidote occurs with chlorite that cuts or replaces plagioclase, mantles adjacent olivine and is connected with chlorite + lizardite veins cutting mesh‐forming serpentine veins. The distribution and mode of occurrence of epidote suggest decoupling of its formation with the main stage of serpentinization. Serpentine veins cutting olivine to form mesh texture are typically lizardite with magnetite ribbons at vein centres and have compositions of lizardite–cronstedtite solid solution at vein margins or in magnetite‐free veins, suggesting a chemical condition with low silica and low oxygen potentials at an early stage of serpentinization. Thermodynamic modelling for olivine and plagioclase alteration at greenschist facies conditions indicates that silica potential for plagioclase alteration to form prehnite + chlorite and epidote + chlorite could be higher than for olivine serpentinization. On the other hand, oxygen potential for the prehnite + chlorite formation is lower than for the epidote + chlorite formation and is comparable with that for olivine serpentinization. From the observations and analyses, it is concluded that epidote formation is inhibited by olivine serpentinization, which maintains a reducing condition for alteration in the lower oceanic crust.


Unlike most books dealing with industrial minerals and rocks, Our Modern Stone Age is a pleasure to read. Within a matter of several hours, one can get an excellent introduction to nonmetallic mineral resources and industries exclusive o f the mineral fuels. The book is very well written and well illustrated with photographs and drawings; although pitched for the intelligent layman, it is in no way dull reading for even a well-versed economic geologist. Nearly every geologist, mining engineer, mineral economist, planner, and politician will find points of interest in this book.


The integration of advanced pharmacy services into community pharmacy practice is not complete. According to implementation research understanding professional culture, as a part of context, may provide insights for accelerating this process. There are three objectives in this study. The first objective of this study was to validate an adapted version of an organizational culture measure in a sample of United States' (US) community pharmacists. The second objective was to examine potential relationships between the cultural factors identified using the validated instrument and a number of socialization and education variables. The third objective was to examine any relationships between the scores on the identified cultural factors and the provision of MTM services. This study was a cross-sectional online survey for community pharmacists in the southeastern US. The survey contained questions on socialization/education, respondents' self-reported provision of medication therapy management (MTM) services, and the organizational culture profile (OCP). Analyses included descriptive statistics, a principle components analysis (PCA), independent samples t-test, and multivariate ordinal regression. A total of 303 surveys were completed. The PCA revealed a six-factor structure: social responsibility, innovation, people orientation, competitiveness, attention to detail, and reward orientation. Further analysis revealed significant relationships between social responsibility and years in practice, and people orientation and attention to detail and pharmacists' training and practice setting. Significant positive relationships were observed between social responsibility, innovation, and competitiveness and the increased provision of MTM services. The significant relationships identified between the OCP factors and community pharmacist respondents' provision of MTM services provides an important starting point for developing interventions to improve the uptake of practice change opportunities.


The Korean conflict and the partial mobilization of military manpower in the United States have caused military psychiatry again to be faced with difficulties similar to those encountered in previous wars. Fortunately, valuable lessons derived from our experiences in World War II were preserved by their incorporation into both the training and operational doctrines of military medicine. This policy has, to a considerable extent, made possible the elimination of the time consuming and costly trial and error methods that characterized the initial efforts of psychiatry in World War II. In the Korean campaign, effective forward or up-front psychiatric treatment was instituted within six to eight weeks after the onset of hostilities, as compared to the almost two year delay that occurred in the previous armed conflict. Despite advances in war psychiatry, many defects in our knowledge remain, as demonstrated by experience with current military activities. It is the purpose of


Some results are reported of static and impulse corona onset and breakdown voltage measurements in 10 mm point-plane gap in SF6 mixture containing 0.5% and 1% by volume of Freon 113. It is found that the corona inception voltage in the mixture is higher than for pure SF6 over the pressure range investigated (up to 4 bar) and that the corona stabilisation peak is greatly extended. Measurements of the minimum impulse breakdown voltage have shown that the improved stabilisation is associated with an increase in the leader propagation voltage in such mixtures. The results are of significance in connection with particle-triggered breakdown in commercial compressed-gas-insulated cables and sub-station equipment.


BACKGROUND
Evaluate the safety and efficacy of guideline-recommended risk score-directed dual antiplatelet therapy (GD-DAPT) based on THE PRECISE-DAPT score after 2nd-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.Methods and Results:We analyzed 5,131 patients pooled from 4 clinical trials. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to current recommendations on the duration of DAPT and their actual DAPT duration: GD-DAPT (n=2,183), shorter DAPT (n=1,540), longer DAPT (n=1,408). The primary endpoint was the rate of net adverse clinical events (NACE) during the first 12 months. The secondary endpoints were ischemic or bleeding events. Overall, GD-DAPT did not affect NACE (1.2% vs. 1.2% for shorter DAPT and 1.7% for longer DAPT) or bleeding events (0.6% vs. 0.5% and 0.9%), and there were fewer ischemic events (2.8% vs. 4.4% and 4.0%, P=0.03) than with shorter DAPT. Especially in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, GD-DAPT had fewer NACE (1.5% vs. 1.4% and 4.2%; P=0.006) and bleeding events (0.8% vs. 0.5% and 2.8%; P=0.001) than longer DAPT as well as fewer ischemic events (2.8% vs. 4.4% and 4.7%; P=0.03) than shorter DAPT.

CONCLUSIONS
GD-DAPT did not affect NACE or bleeding events and reduced the number of ischemic events at 12 months compared with shorter DAPT. For ACS, GD-DAPT was associated with favorable outcomes compared with non-GD-DAPT. Therefore, GD-DAPT may optimize efficacy and safety.


Recent developments in emissions regulations, costs of conventional fuels, and new gas extraction drilling technologies have resulted in an increased emphasis in gaseous fueled spark ignited engine development. However the composition of gaseous fuels can vary greatly. Homogenous Charge Spark Ignited (HCSI) engine performance is heavily dependent upon fuel properties, and robust engine design to utilize gaseous fuels must accommodate these fuel property variances. Accurate prediction of fuel energy release characteristics and knock tendency is critical in the process of HCSI engine development.Combustion characteristics, such as Laminar Flame Speed (LFS) and Autoignition Interval (AI), are used to characterize performance of various gaseous fuels in HCSI engine applications. Combustion duration is related to the LFS. The likelihood of Knock is related to the AI. Overall engine performance is estimated by appropriately incorporating these parameters into cycle simulation software.Experimental data of LFS is often at low temperature and low pressure and thus does not represent the high temperature and pressure conditions typically prevalent in HCSI engine combustion chambers at the time of ignition. Lack of reliable LFS data at high temperature and pressures represents a major opportunity of development for better engine performance simulations [1].In this paper, the commercially available chemical kinetics solver Chemkin Pro using an appropriate mechanism was employed to compute LFS and AI at typical HCSI engine in-cylinder conditions.It is challenging to compute LFS at such extreme conditions mainly because of autoignition as a competing process.This paper describes development of a robust methodology to compute LFS over a wide range of Temperature (up to 1300 K), Pressure (up to 250 bar), Relative Humidity, and Lambda for Methane. A regression for LFS with Pressure, Temperature, Lambda, and Relative Humidity as independent variables was generated for Methane. Methodology robustness was suggested with similar LFS calculations using other fuels. The form of the regression is similar for all of the fuels investigated.© 2013 ASME


Halothane is a halogenated inhalation anesthetic. Its three trace elements are fluoride, chloride and bromide. Fluoride is well known by biochemists to be an inhibitor of enzymes. Fluoride forms a strong hydrogen bond with the amide group, and thus has the potential to interfere with fundamental life-processes involving the shape and function of both proteins and nucleic acids. Patients with halothane hepatitis or severe hepatic damage due to other halogenated anesthetics produce antibodies against several liver trifluoroacetylated microsomal proteins. Other studies suggest that molecular mimicry of N6-trifluoroacetyl-L-lysin by lipoic acid, or the impairment thereof, might play a role in the susceptibility of individuals for the development of halothane hepatitis. The spectrum of disease differs from aminotransferase elevation either without symptoms or with mild, self-limited symptoms to severe hepatitis or acute liver failure. More investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms of halothane hepatotoxicity. The aim of our report is to prevent, recognize and manage the complications of hepatitis associated with halothane administration.


Background: Worldwide, there is a great discrepancy between the hospital and forensic reporting. The medical team priority is saving the lives of victims especially in case of fatal or dangerous wounding. Hence, minimal documentation will be expected under these conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the awareness of emergency department (ED) physicians toward the legal and ethical aspects of the management of medicolegal cases, assessment of physical and sexual abuse, photo-documentation, and management of forensic evidence in emergency circumstances. This is the first study to investigate this critical topic in Jeddah City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The authors accomplished a cross-sectional study in EDs in major Jeddah hospitals during April–May 2017. The authors used a self-administrated questionnaire and used the Survey-Monkey engine and SPSS Statistics for data gathering and statistical analysis, respectively. Results: A total of 137 ED physicians from the main four general hospitals in Jeddah participated in the study. Most of the physicians were males. Most of the participants did not receive any training program in writing medicolegal reports in ED. About two-thirds of the respondents were certain that their workplace provided a specified protocol about collecting evidence from a medicolegal case until referral to forensic medical centers. On the other hand, 86.1% did not have any training program in evidence collection in EDs. Most of the participants believed that they needed more training programs concerning management of medicolegal cases at ED. Conclusion: Although the level of awareness is significantly high, more than half of the physicians considered that the current approach of medicolegal cases was inappropriate. Medical students and residents need more training programs in medicolegal reporting and chain of custody as well as for specialists and consultants.


The paper is devoted to the problem of temporal knowledge validation and verification during the process of implementing a system supporting organizational creativity. The motivation for implementing a temporal knowledge base system is presented, the implementation methodology is outlined, and the V&V (validation&verification) process is described in detail, using an example of the Logos reasoning tool. The main achievements of the paper are: elaborating a new implementation methodology for a temporal knowledge base system, and elaborating detailed V&V steps.


Coupling between vibrational modes and metamaterial structures has a varied range of applications including, but not limited to, surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy and biological sensing. This endeavor investigates, via finite element method (FEM) and temporal coupled mode theory (TCMT), a subwavelength perfect absorbing metamaterial (PAMM) coupling to a carbon double oxygen bond (C=O) in Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that resides at 52 THz or 1733 cm−1.


Surveying wildlife communities provides data for informing conservation and management decisions that affect multiple species. Autonomous recording units (ARUs) can efficiently gather community data for a variety of taxa, but generally require software algorithms to classify each recorded call to a species. Species classification errors are possible during this process and result in both false‐negative and false‐positive detections. Available approaches for analysing ARU data do not model the species classification probabilities, meaning erroneous detections are attributed to an omnibus source instead of the presence of another species. Additionally, counts of call recordings for each species are often summarized to binary detection data for analyses. Expanding statistical models to capture these nuances of ARU data would allow for improved inferences about occupancy and relative activity. Motivated by bat acoustic surveys, we developed a model to analyse counts of call recordings from multiple species simultaneously while accounting for species classification errors. Our model expands on previously developed false‐positive occupancy models to better describe acoustic data. We used simulations to compare our model to other false‐positive occupancy models for an example scenario with ARU data from two species. We also analyse acoustic data for eight bat species in Montana using our model. In simulations, single‐species models resulted in biased estimates of occupancy and relative activity because they failed to associate false positives with the presence of the second species. Models analysing binary observations ignored available information on relative activity and led to less precise estimates. Applying our model to bat acoustic data from Montana allowed for species‐specific estimates of occupancy and relative activity. This analysis illustrates the flexibility in our model framework while also highlighting the assumptions and data requirements for implementation. Specifically, additional information on the species classification probabilities is needed and we discuss considerations for reliably estimating these parameters. Directly modelling the species classification probabilities allows for improved ecological inferences for both occupancy and relative activity using community ARU data. Our statistical framework helps address the challenges posed by acoustic data, allowing ecologists to better utilize this technology to monitor wildlife communities.


Little is known about the genetics controlling the rate of embryonic development in salmonids, despite the fact that this trait plays an important role in the life history of wild and cultured stocks. We investigated the genetics of embryonic development rate by performing an analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) on two families of androgenetically derived doubled haploid rainbow trout produced from a hybrid of two clonal lines with divergent embryonic development rates. A total of 170 doubled haploid individuals were genotyped at 222 marker loci [219 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 2 microsatellites, and p53]. A genetic linkage analysis resulted in a map consisting of 27 linkage groups with 21 of the markers remaining unlinked at a minimum LOD of 3.0 and maximum theta of 0.40. Eight of these linkage groups were matched to published rainbow trout linkage groups. Composite interval mapping (CIM) revealed evidence for two QTL influencing time to hatch, and suggestive evidence for a third. These QTL accounted for a total of 24.6% of the variation in time to hatch. One of these QTL had a large effect on development rate, especially in one family of doubled haploids, in which it explained 25.6% of the variance in time to hatch. QTL influencing embryonic length and weight at the commencement of exogenous feeding were also identified. The QTL with the strongest effect on embryonic length (lenR13) mapped to the same position as the QTL with the strongest effect on time to hatch (tthR13), suggesting a single QTL may have a pleiotropic effect on both these traits. These results suggest that the use of clonal lines with a doubled haploid crossing design is an effective way of analyzing the genetic basis of complex traits in salmonids.


A study was conducted to compare the effect of fungi (Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus nigrican) based diet on the performance characteristics of West African dwarf goat (n=15). The goats (n= 15) were randomized against the experimental diets in a completely randomized design model for a 56 day period. The diets consisted of soybean cake based diet A (control), diet B (50% Rhizopus oligosporus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake + 50% Soybean cake), diet C (50% Rhizopus nigricans treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake + 50% Soybean cake), D (100% Rhizopus oligosporus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake) and E (100% Rhizopus nigricans treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake). The animals were fed and watered ad-libitum. The results showed a numerical increase in the crude protein and ether extract contents of the fungi treated (50%) Jatropha curcas kernel cake. There were improvement in the consumption of crude protein, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extract in diet B compared to other diets. The digestibility coefficient of most nutrients (crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract) in diet B was significantly higher than other diets. Diet B proved promising as there was no mortality recorded for animals on this diet and diet A (control). Additionally, the packed cell volume, red blood cell, haemoglobin and neutrophil contents of the blood of animals on diet B was similar to that of diet A. It was concluded that growing goats can be fed a diet consisting of 50% Soybean cake + 50% Rhizopus oligosporus treated Jatropha curcas kernel cake under confinement and obtained adequate dry matter and other nutrients.


Healthcare environments are considered an important scenario where new technologies play an important role in improving the rehabilitation process. Many software applications provide a way to rehabilitate patients and some of them also provide a degree of customization. Nevertheless, the physiotherapist is not always able to create new exercises and adapt them to the needs of a wide range of different patients. In this paper, we present an advanced proposal which primarily aims to provide the therapist with a tool for intuitive and easy design of specific rehabilitation postures for specific patients. The system consists of a skeleton in a virtual 3D environment which is composed of different joints with which the physiotherapist can interact in order to achieve the desired posture. It is also possible to design postures using Microsoft Kinect device thanks to its motion and voice interaction. Using 3D and Kinect device presents a number of development challenges that the authors have had to resolve, including movement of joints in the 3D space, the correlated movement of the different joints and matching within Kinect. Due to its development within a Web environment, these, and other features, make the system a powerful and place-independent tool.


This study was conducted to investigate the level of chemophobia among science students and their attitude towards chemistry and their relationship. 101 Form 4 and Form 5 respondents were involved. Instrument used in this study was questionnaires comprises of three sections namely demographic background, level of chemophobia (chemistry learning anxiety, chemistry evaluation anxiety and chemicals handling anxiety) and attitude towards chemistry (enjoyment of learning chemistry, enjoyment of conducting laboratory activities, importance of chemistry in life and behavioral tendency to learn chemistry). Research findings showed that chemophobia among science students was at moderate level whereas students' attitude towards chemistry was at high level. Research findings also showed that there was a moderate, negative significant relationship between the three factors of chemophobia with students' attitude towards chemistry. Based on multiple regression analysis, there was a factor in chemophobia (chemistry evaluation anxiety) that showed significant influence with students' attitude towards chemistry. This study implied that chemophobia among students should be overcome so that positive attitude towards chemistry could be instilled and hence, this would lead to the improvement in academic achievement and student's participation in chemistry and science-related field.


The growth of large, programatically accessible bibliometrics databases presents new opportunities for complex analyses of publication metadata. In addition to providing a wealth of information about authors and institutions, databases such as those provided by Dimensions also provide conceptual information and links to entities such as grants, funders and patents. However, data is not the only challenge in evaluating patterns in scholarly work: These large datasets can be challenging to integrate, particularly for those unfamiliar with the complex schemas necessary for accommodating such heterogeneous information, and those most comfortable with data mining may not be as experienced in data visualisation. Here, we present an open-source Python library that streamlines the process accessing and diagramming subsets of the Dimensions on Google BigQuery database and demonstrate its use on the freely available Dimensions COVID-19 dataset. We are optimistic that this tool will expand access to this valuable information by streamlining what would otherwise be multiple complex technical tasks, enabling more researchers to examine patterns in research focus and collaboration over time.


In a picture naming study, we examined cross-language activation during speech production in three groups of trilinguals: L3-immersed German–English–Dutch, non-L3-immersed Dutch–English–German, and L3-immersed Russian–English–German trilinguals. All trilinguals named pictures with cognate and non-cognate names in their L2 and their L3. Specifically, we examined cognate effects in same-script trilinguals who were either immersed or not immersed in their L3 and trilinguals whose first language (Russian) differs in script from their other two languages (German, English) to address the questions (1) whether, as non-target language knowledge is co-activated, cognate effects accrue across languages during word production, and (2) whether immersion in L3 is a modulating factor in cross-language activation. We found cognate facilitation in the same-script trilinguals across all languages, although with patterns modulated by the trilinguals' L3-immersion status and L3 proficiency, corroborating and extending earlier findings in bilingual adults and children. Critically, we also found cognate effects in the different-script trilinguals when the pictures had cognate names in all three languages, indicating that the L1 Russian phonology was activated during naming in L2 English when L3 German was also present, and vice versa.


The theoretical expression of the relationship between optimum doping content and crystal structure is presented as well as the preparation methods. By using this expression, the optimum doping content of silicon-doped boron carbide thin film is calculated. The quantitative calculation value is consistent with the experimental results. This theoretical expression is also appropriate to resolve the optimum doping content for other electric materials.


Abstract Geophysical investigations involving very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) techniques were deployed to study the pavement failure along a major road in a typical basement complex terrain of southwestern Nigeria. This study was designed to assess the failure and provide a basis for ultimate engineering design. The study delineated a 3- to 4-layer geoelectric sequence: a topsoil of thickness varying from 0.4 to 1.2 m, a spectrum of clayey materials of thickness varying from 1.9 to 14.5 m and a weathered/fractured basement occurring at depths of between 3.6 and 15.0 m. The shallow basement indicated low bearing capacity, with resistivity values ranging from 62.1 to 377.9 Ωm. The presence of clay/clayey materials, linear features and the effect of rising water table within the influence zone underlined the pavement failure. This information will facilitate appropriate designing, soil improvements and selection of materials for road construction that can stand the test of time.


Sera from sequentially bled nephropathia epidemica patients (acute-phase, convalescent-phase, and 2-year sera) and sera from 10 to 20 years postinfection were examined by immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass-specific ELISAs for reactivities against each of the Puumala virus structural proteins (N, G1, and G2). IgG1 was found to be the dominating antiviral subclass, and most of the patients had IgG1 directed to all three structural proteins at all times with a continuous increase over time. IgG2 to the three viral proteins was detected in very low amounts in only a few of the samples. All of the serially bled patients developed IgG3 against each of the proteins, but the responses against the different viral components varied; anti-N- and anti-G1-specific IgG3 showed a peak in the convalescent-phase samples, while the anti-G2 IgG3 response was highest in the acute-phase sera. Eight of ten serially bled patients developed specific IgG4. The IgG4 responses showed similar patterns against all three viral proteins with very low optical density values in the acute- and convalescent-phase samples, followed by higher optical densities in the sera drawn 2 years after infection. Seven of nine 10-year sera contained virus-specific IgG4. These results support the theory concerning the persistence of Puumala virus or viral antigens several years after infection.


The existence of gas-liquid coexistence in dipolar fluids with no other contribution to attractive interaction than dipole-dipole interaction is a basic and open question in the theory of fluids. Recent Monte Carlo work by Camp and co-workers indicates that a fluid of charged hard dumbbells does exhibit gas-liquid (g-l) coexistence. This system has the potential to answer the above fundamental question because the charge-to-charge separation, d , on the dumbbells may be reduced to, at least in principle, yield the dipolar fluid limit. Using the molecular-dynamics technique we present simulation results for the g-l critical point of charged soft dumbbells at fixed dipole moment as function of d . We do find a g-l critical point at finite temperature even at the smallest d value (10;{-4}) . Reversible aggregation appears to play less a role than in related model systems as d becomes small. Consequently attempts to interpret the simulation results using either an extension of Flory's lattice theory for polymer systems, which includes reversible assembly of monomers into chains, or the defect model for reversible networks proposed by Tlusty and Safran are not successful. The overall best qualitative interpretation of the critical parameters is obtained by considering the dumbbells as dipoles immersed in a continuum dielectric.


Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a 28 kDa homodimeric cytokine that exhibits potent immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative, and antiviral properties. The protein is used to treat chronic granulomatous disease and malignant osteopetrosis, and it is under investigation as a treatment for a variety of cancer, fungal and viral diseases. IFN-γ has a short circulating half life in vivo, which necessitates frequent administration to patients. An unusual feature of IFN-γ is that the protein contains no native cysteines. To create a longer-acting and potentially more effective form of the protein, we introduced a cysteine residue into the IFN-γ coding sequence at amino acid position 103, which is located in a surface-exposed, non-helical region of the protein. The added cysteine residue served as the site for targeted modification of the protein with a cysteine-reactive polyethylene glycol (PEG) reagent. The recombinant protein was expressed in bacteria, purified and modified with 10, 20, and 40 kDa maleimide PEGs. The purified, PEGylated proteins had in vitro bioactivities comparable to IFN-γ, as measured using an in vitro cell growth inhibition assay. The PEGylated proteins displayed 20- to 32-fold longer half lives than IFN-γ in rats, and they were significantly more effective than IFN-γ at inhibiting growth of a human tumor xenograft in athymic mice.


AIM
To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on protecting liver function and alleviating portal hypertension of liver cirrhotic rats.

METHODS
Liver cirrhosis of male Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by administration of thioacetamide. The rats with or without liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into four groups. Group A consisted of the normal rats was treated with normal saline (NS), group B consisted of the normal rats was treated with rhGH, group C consisted of cirrhotic rats was treated with NS, and group D consisted of cirrhotic rats was treated with rhGH. The rats of different groups were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL of NS or 333 ng/kg of rhGH daily for 7 d. After treatments, the following parameters were examined, including GH-binding capacity (R(T)) by (125)I-hGH binding, growth hormone receptor mRNA(GHR mRNA) expression by RT-PCR, relative content of collagen (RCC) by histomorphomertry, and level of malon-dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue by thiobarbituric acid reaction and pyrogallic acid self-oxidation, respectively. Serum albumin (ALB), alanine transaminase (ALT) and portal vein pressure (PVP) were also examined.

RESULTS
rhGH up-regulated both the GH-binding capacity (R(T)) and the expression of GHR mRNA in vivo. R(T) in group A (72+/-12 fmol/mg protein) was significantly higher than that in group C (31+/-4 fmol/mg protein) (P<0.05). R(T) in group B (80+/-9 fmol/mg protein) increased markedly compared to group A (P<0.05). R(T) in group D (40+/-7 fmol/mg protein) raised remarkably compared with group C (P<0.05), but less than that in group A, and there was no significant GH binding affinity contrast (Kd) change. The GHR mRNA level (iOD, pixel) in group A (29+/-3) was significantly higher than that in group C (23+/-3) (P<0.05). GHR mRNA levels were significantly raised in group B (56+/-4) and group D (42+/-8) compared with groups A and C (29+/-3 and 23+/-3, respectively) (P<0.05). Compared with the normal liver, MDA level was higher and SOD level was lower in cirrhotic livers. After rhGH treatment, MDA level was significantly declined to 12.0+/-2.2 nmol/mg protein and SOD was raised to 1 029+/-76 U/mg protein in group D (P<0.05). ALB levels in groups B and D (42+/-7 g/L and 37+/-7 g/L, respectively) were significantly raised compared with those in groups A and C (35+/-5 g/L and 29+/-4 g/L, respectively) (P<0.05). ALT level was markedly lower in group D (69+/-7 U/L) compared to group C (89+/-15 U/L) (P<0.05), and close to group A (61+/-10 U/L). RCC in group C (22.30+/-3.86%) was significantly higher than that in group A (1.14+/-0.21%) and group D (14.70+/-2.07%) (P<0.05). In addition, rhGH markedly alleviated portal hypertension in liver cirrhotic rats (group D vs C, 9.3+/-1.5 cmH(2)O vs 14.4+/-2.0 cmH(2)O) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
Pharmacological doses of rhGH can increase R(T) and GHR mRNA expression, ameliorate liver functions, repress fibrosis and decline portal hypertension, suggesting it has potentially clinical usage as a hepatotropic factor.


Silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNW) are insoluble in water. When released into an aquatic environment, SiCNW would likely accumulate in sediment. The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of SiCNW to four freshwater sediment‐dwelling organisms: amphipods (Hyalella azteca), midges (Chironomus dilutus), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus), and mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea). Amphipods were exposed to either sonicated or nonsonicated SiCNW in water (1.0 g/L) for 48 h. Midges, mussels, and oligochaetes were exposed only to sonicated SiCNW in water for 96 h. In addition, amphipods were exposed to sonicated SiCNW in whole sediment for 10 d (44% SiCNW on dry wt basis). Mean 48‐h survival of amphipods exposed to nonsonicated SiCNW in water was not significantly different from the control, whereas mean survival of amphipods exposed to sonicated SiCNW in two 48‐h exposures (0 or 15% survival) was significantly different from the control (90 or 98% survival). In contrast, no effect of sonicated SiCNW was observed on survival of midges, mussels, or oligochaetes. Survival of amphipods was not significantly reduced in 10‐d exposures to sonicated SiCNW either mixed in the sediment or layered on the sediment surface. However, significant reduction in amphipod biomass was observed with the SiCNW either mixed in sediment or layered on the sediment surface, and the reduction was more pronounced for SiCNW layered on the sediment. These results indicated that, under the experimental conditions, nonsonicated SiCNW in water were not acutely toxic to amphipods, sonicated SiCNW in water were acutely toxic to the amphipods, but not to other organisms tested, and sonicated SiCNW in sediment affected the growth but not the survival of amphipods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:981–987. © 2010 SETAC


Two hypotheses attempt to explain the formation of desert in central Asia. One explanation holds that roughly 22 million years ago, at the onset of the Miocene, the Tibetan Plateau started to lift upward. The rising land curbed the flow of moist air from the south, sparking the onset of central Asian desertification. An alternative explanation is that the supposedly arid region to the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau actually harbored shallow lakes or wetlands until as recently as 8 million years ago, at which point the historical desertification was initiated by some other mechanism. The current debate between these two proposals—either a 22- or an 8-millionyear- old onset of desertification—hinges, to a sizable degree, on the history of the fine sediments of the Tianshui Basin in central China.


Accumulating lines of evidence indicate that the deregulation of m6A is involved in various cancer types. The m6A RNA methylation is modulated by m6A methyltransferases, demethylases, and reader proteins. Although the aberrant expression of m6A RNA methylation contributes to the development and progression of multiple cancer types, the roles of m6A regulators across numerous types of cancers remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated the expression, genetic alteration, and prognosis significance of 20 commonly studied m6A regulators across diverse cancer types using TCGA datasets via bioinformatic analyses. The results revealed that the m6A regulators exhibited widespread dysregulation, genetic alteration, and the modulation of oncogenic pathways across TCGA cancer types. In addition, most of the m6A regulators were closely relevant with significant prognosis in many cancer types. Furthermore, we also constructed the protein–protein interacting network of the 20 m6A regulators, and a more complex interacting regulatory network including m6A regulators and their corresponding interacting factors. Besides, the networks between m6A regulators and their upstream regulators such as miRNAs or transcriptional factors were further constructed in this study. Finally, the possible chemicals targeting each m6A regulator were obtained by bioinformatics analysis and the m6A regulators–potential drugs network was further constructed. Taken together, the comprehensive analyses of m6A regulators might provide novel insights into the m6A regulators' roles across cancer types and shed light on their potential molecular mechanisms as well as help develop new therapy approaches for cancers.


Abstract. Over the last decades, building models have become valuable for a multitude of application scenarios, such as visualisation, simulations and decision support. As the growth of multi-source data consisting of semantic and 2D/3D spatial information, data management becomes feasibility means for facilitating the development and deployment of building model applications. In addition, most studies focus on modelling buildings at geometric level, while semantic analysis can become a promising approach to get a better understanding of built environment. How to utilize multi-source data in a joint manner to further express the building model, therefore, is an emerging challenge. In this paper, we develop a semantic 3D building model based on complex multi-source data. Then, we tackle data management and analysis problems in a geo-database solution for our unified building model. Performance studies on the University of New South Wales (UNSW) campus demonstrate the efficiency of our solution.


Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (poly(NIPAM-co-AA)) microgels with different copolymer compositions were prepared through soap-free emulsion polymerization at 80°C, and 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was used as initiator. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization shows that the prepared microgels are regular and smooth and not easy to distort. Result of 1 H-NMR characterization shows that with increasing of the initial concentration of AA (AA in feed), the AA content in polymer chains increases. The thermal response of microgels latex was investigated by UV-3010 spectrophometer through detecting the transmittance of the latex at different temperature in the range of 190-900 nm. The thermal response of the poly(NIPAM-co-AA) microgels was tested by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results show that with the increase of AA content in polymer chains, the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of microgels latex first decreases and then increases. Still, with increasing of AA in poly(NIPAM-co-AA) microgels, the LCST of microgels first increases and then decreases. The basic reasons causing the changes of LCST of microgels latex and microgels are interpreted clearly in this article from the perspective of hydrogen bonding interaction.


Abstract In vitro maturation (IVM) of fully grown mammalian oocytes is characterized by initial germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown and rearrangement of microtubule network during the first meiosis (MI), followed by extrusion of the first polar body and block of the oocytes in metaphase of the second meiosis (MII). Only fully matured oocytes are capable of undergoing fertilization and the initiation of zygotic development. These observations are mostly based on morphological evaluation; however, the molecular events responsible for these processes are not known. In this study, we have launched the analysis of pig oocytes during in vitro maturation using a proteomics approach. First, oocyte proteins have been separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. Remarkably, several proteins, including peroxiredoxins, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, and spermine synthase, are even more abundant than actin, usually the most abundant protein in somatic cells. Furthermore, we have initiated comparative analysis of the oocytes at different stages of maturation to characterize candidate proteins, which are differentially expressed during in vitro maturation. To date, we have identified antiquitin (D7A1), the member of aldehyde dehydrogenase family7 that has been significantly increased in MI and MII stages compared with GV oocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first pig oocyte proteome available so far that may be used as a reference map. The proteins that are differentially regulated during IVM may present potential biomarkers of oocyte maturation and quality. It is a useful inventory toward a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying reproduction and development.


China has been implementing the reform of interest rate liberalization, which is vital for bank industry. However, the economic growth overall has slowed down and there is considerable economic imbalance between different regions within China. How to relax the cross-regional operations of local banks without causing liquidity issues becomes an important and imminent research topic for both banks and regulators. Regulators have attempted to accommodate policies for cross-regional operations. But at present, most regional banks are still restricted to operate within local area. After the deregulation of cross-regional operations, can the local banks adjust their liquidity in a timely manner to cope with the risks brought by environmental changes?The existing literature is not clear about the relationship between the cross-regional operation supervision and liquidity adjustment in Chinese local banks. The Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act(IBBEA)provides a basis for the study of this issue, which was promulgated by the United States in 1994. On the one hand, the macroenvironment between China and the 1990s' US shares many similarities. For example, both nations have been experiencing a transitory phase showing a decelerated economic growth, have just completed the interest rate liberalization, and have been facing regional economic imbalance issues. On the other hand, the implementation of the IBBEA serves as a quasi-natural experiment, which effectively solves the endogeneity problem. In these respects, this article discusses the benefit function of different liquidity adjustment strategies and examines the implementation effect of the IBBEA on bank liquidity adjustment. The results show that: When the cross-regional operation supervision is relaxed, banks in the focal states will actively adjust liquidity; and this phenomenon is more pronounced in regions with poorer economic conditions and banks with stronger liquidity manipulation skills and larger branches. We find that banks with slow adjustment speed would escape from the deregulated areas and would not increase liquidity adjustment speed afterwards. Considering the current situation of liquidity supervision of local banks in China, we recommend that authorities selectively relax cross-regional supervision. Regulators can prioritize deregulation in areas with robust economic conditions, large population, and high interest margin. Meanwhile, areas with sufficient amount of bank branches or great bank asset base could also be selected for deregulation.There are three contributions in this article: First, it establishes a model from the micro perspective of local bank operations, analyzes banks' optimal liquidity adjustment strategy when cross-regional operating policies are changed, and explores the behavior of bank liquidity adjustment. Second, it explains how regional differences and bank heterogeneity affect the speed of liquidity adjustment. Third, through the study of the implementation effect of the IBBEA in the United States, we provide a theoretical basis for regulatory agencies to formulate policies.


Due to their high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and proteins, microalgae hold a lot of potential for nutritional applications. When microalgae are integrated into foodstuffs, the aroma is an important aspect to consider. In this study the aroma properties of microalgae were studied by correlating data on the volatile composition with sensory evaluations. Four species of marine microalgae ( Botryococcus braunii, , Rhodomonas , Tetraselmis species, and Nannochloropsis oculata ) and one fresh water microalga ( Chlorella vulgaris ) were investigated. Multivariate data processing revealed that microalgal samples having a seafood-like odor character contain high levels of sulfuric compounds (dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and methional), diketones, α-ionone, and β-ionone. Fresh green, fruity flavors were linked with typical aldehydes such as 2,4-alkadienals and 2,4,6-alkatrienals. The presence of these compounds in fresh microalga pastes is explained by aroma formation mechanisms such as enzymatic lipid oxidation, enzymatic and chemical degradation of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (generating dimethyl sulfide), phenylalanine (generating benzaldehyde), and carotenoids (generating ionones).


A vapor-deposited NH(3) ice film irradiated at 20 K with 150 eV photons has been studied with near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at the nitrogen K-edge. Irradiation leads to the formation of high amounts (12%) of molecular nitrogen N(2), whose concentration as a function of the absorbed energy has been quantified to 0.13 molecule/eV. The stability of N(2) in solid NH(3) has been also studied, showing that N(2) continuously desorbs between 20 and 95 K from the irradiated ammonia ice film. Weak concentrations (<1%) of other photoproducts are also detected. Our NEXAFS simulations show that these features own to NH(2), N(2)H(2), and N(3)(-).


Evidence of sex-specific foraging in monomorphic seabirds is increasing though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigate differential parental care as a mechanism for sex-specific foraging in monomorphic Common Murres (Uria aalge), where the male parent alone provisions the chick after colony departure. Using a combination of geolocation-immersion loggers and stable isotopes, we assess two hypotheses: the reproductive role specialization hypothesis and the energetic constraint hypothesis. We compare the foraging behavior of females (n = 15) and males (n = 9) during bi-parental at the colony, post-fledging male-only parental care and winter when parental care is absent. As predicted by the reproductive role specialization hypothesis, we found evidence of sex-specific foraging during post-fledging only, the stage with the greatest divergence in parental care roles. Single-parenting males spent almost twice as much time diving per day and foraged at lower quality prey patches relative to independent females. This implies a potential energetic constraint for males during the estimated 62.8 ± 8.9 days of offspring dependence at sea. Contrary to the predictions of the energetic constraint hypothesis, we found no evidence of sex-specific foraging during biparental care, suggesting that male parents did not forage for their own benefit before colony departure in anticipation of post-fledging energy constraints. We hypothesize that unpredictable prey conditions at Newfoundland colonies in recent years may limit male parental ability to allocate additional time and energy to self-feeding during biparental care, without compromising chick survival. Our findings support differential parental care as a mechanism for sex-specific foraging in monomorphic murres, and highlight the need to consider ecological context in the interpretation of sex-specific foraging behavior.


S On the Transglycosidation relating to Riboflavinn by Escherichia coli. (I) • Formation of Riboflavinyl Glucoside Hideo KATAGIRI, Hideaki YAMADA and Kazutami IMAI (Katagiri Laboratory) The Journal of Vitaminology, 3, 264 (1957) Riboflavinyl glucoside has been isolated from reaction mixture composed of riboflavin, maltose and the cell suspension of Esherichia coli. The suitable conditions and the effects of several substances on the formation of riboflavinyl glucoside were studied, and it is ascertained that riboflavin plays the role of specific acceptor of transglycosidation, and concluded that the interaction of the enzyme on isoalloxazine ring of riboflavin molecule would take place in the first step of the reaction. Thus the authors suggest that riboflavin reveals a new biochemical significance in carbohydrate metabolism. Microbiological Assay of Vitamins and Amino Acids by One-dimentional Diffusion Method Tomoji SUZUKI and Fumihiko TANAKA (Suzuki Laboratory) Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (Yakugaku Zasshi), 77, 1159 (1957) We designed the one-dimentional diffusion method for microbiological assay of vitamins and amino acids. The agar synthetic medium containing triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) (50mg/100cc. of medium) and test organisms for example, Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5 is poured into the test tube which is 75 mm in hight and 5 mm in diameter. After the medium solidified, about 0.1 ml of sample were over it. Following incubation about 12 hours, red zone of reduced TTC were observed. This red zone is proportional to logarithms of concentration of amino acids and vitamins. Using Lactobacillus arabinosus 175, the assay range is as following : biotin 1-100 mr/cc., pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid 0.1-100r/cc., DL-phenylalanine and DL-methionine 15-1000r/cc., L-leucine 60---1000r/cc. This method is distinguished with large range of determination and small amount of medium, still more convenient for routine assay (117 )


We describe a fibre interferometer for making non-contact differential height measurements of machined metal surfaces without removal from the machine tool. The system comprises a probe which produces two small laser spots ( diameter, 3 mm apart) on the surface, an optical fibre addressing lead and signal processing unit incorporating an optical source and detector. The probe is an extrinsic fibre optic Michelson interferometer whose arms terminate in the laser spots on the test surface, and the signal processing unit calculates the difference in local surface height between the two spots. Differential height profiles of machined aluminium surfaces and optical mirror surfaces are presented.


Residual resistivities for interstitial H in the face-centred cubic metals Cu, Ag, Ni, Pd and Al as well as in the body-centred cubic metals V, Nb and Ta are calculated using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function description of Bloch electron scattering by impurity clusters. Heavier interstitials like B and C in Pd and C and O in Nb are also investigated. Inclusion of environmental effects, especially local lattice deformation of the first shell of surrounding atoms, turned out to be of crucial importance in order to obtain agreement with experimental residual resistivities. The firmly established absence of a H/D isotope effect in Pd, V. Nb and Ta can be explained. Measured residual resistivities due to substitutional impurities in Cu, Ag, Pd. Al and Nb are reproduced with varying success, depending on the complexity of the electronic structure of the defect potential. A first shell of surrounding metal atoms improves the calculated results, while lattice distortion is not as important as it is for the interstitial alloys.


Human resources is one of the factors that must be present and relatively more important than other factors, the Company should be able to increase employee motivation, employee motivation can have an impact on the achievement of coorporate goals. Employees are motivated to satisfy his need for work even harder the impact on the resulting performance becomes more optimal. PT Media Intan Semesta Jakarta is one of the companies engaged in the field of technology (IT). to win the competition takes motivation to work optimally so have employees with good performance in order to achieve company goals can be met. In this study, the authors use a quantitative methodology that uses statistical data SPSS V.22 author using 33 samples from 50 populations that are the result of a calculation formula slovin. It can be concluded that the influence of motivation on employee performance work PT Media Intan Semesta Jakarta can be seen from the results calculation correlation coefficient 0.891 meaning work motivation and performance of employees have a very strong relationship. 0,794 coefficient determination means the percentage work motivational influence on employee performance to 79,4% the remaining 20.6% is influenced by other factors not authors carefully. At a value of regression equation a (constants) 1,165 dan value of b coefficient 0.967. Keywords: Work Motivation, Employee Performance


The objective of this study is to clarify how interpretation schemes held by people involved in organizational IS change affect implementation efforts and the outcomes of user participation. It is found that interpretation schemes are dealt with in many ways in IS literature and the approaches are diverse and scattered. Based on the findings, It is asserted that during IS change, not only "tangible" changes are made, but first and foremost changes are needed to occur in the interpretation schemes that give meaning to the phenomena changed. It is also suggested that the outcomes of user participation are mediated by the interpretation schemes of the participants and, consequently, the effects of participation are contingent on the entire social and personal web of interpretations. This means that generalizable causal outcomes of participation cannot be formed and ultimately each case must be studied in context.


Background Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist acting in the central nervous system (CNS) and licensed for use in all grades of hypertension, prophylactic management of migraine or recurrent vascular headache and management of vasomotor conditions.1 In paediatrics, clonidine has been used for a variety of indications which include use as pre-medication, as analgesia adjuvant, for sedation in paediatric intensive care units (PICU), treatment of spasticity and dystonias, prevention of emergency agitation and in hypertension.2 Oral clonidine has a short half-life of 12 to 16 hours and is associated with peaks and troughs in drug concentration resulting in 2 to 8 hourly dosing intervals. Long-term intravenous clonidine is unviable for a variety of reasons which includes intravenous (IV) access, infection risks and complex ongoing management. Clonidine transdermal patches, approved for use in 1984, provide approximately constant therapeutic drug level for 7 days3 and may represent a viable option for paediatric patients on long-term clonidine. Aim To describe the strategies adopted in converting four paediatric patients to clonidine transdermal patches from either enteral or parenteral clonidine; the benefits and challenges of the conversion. Method The intrinsic characteristics of clonidine transdermal patches4 and the therapeutic/clinical goal for each patient informed the switch strategy. Evaluation of the effect of switch was done at least three months after switch through consented open interviews with stakeholders, and evaluation of clinical symptoms. Results The switch strategy to clonidine patch is complex and different for each patient. The factors to consider include: (i) clinical/therapeutic goal for the patient; (ii) the characteristics of the patch (iii) patient's characteristics – weight and surface area; (iv) detailed counselling of patients and carers; (v) individualised prescription; (vi) ongoing review of supply and patch effectiveness. All patients were switched to patches and achieved approximately equivalent clinical effects, although one child required further dose adjustment. One parent considered the switch to patches to be very good: 'We struggled....we employed the services of night carers four times a week...and we were too exhausted. (The change) has a massive impact on everyone's quality of life...it has been brilliant'. Another parent observed that the application of patches was not difficult and that the change has been good: 'The nurse gives me the patch, I label them and make three lines on the child's skin and rotate the patch, so there is always a space spare for 2 weeks before re-applying there again. It is not difficult'. In a clinic letter for another child who was switched to patches, the clinician noted: 'Since he changed to the patches there was no change in his dystonia (and) he has tolerated well. According to mother the main trigger for his dystonic episodes is heat'. One of the nurses looking after another child considered the switch overall to be poor to fair: '(Using patches) is good in general as they (children) are not attached to pump and easy to move them around...(however) for him (this child), he was too sweaty and patch will fall off...his skin is really dry/red around the cover patches. It would be better if you didn't have as many as nine patches to apply. It is difficult to wash him with so many patches. He responded better with IV clonidine but we were able to get him off infusion to patches. Education on what to do when it (the patch) falls off will be really useful'. Conclusion The use of clonidine transdermal patches is a viable option for children needing long-term clonidine. This option has the potential to offer significant cost saving to the National Health Service (NHS) and improved quality of life of children and their carers; especially in those cared for at home. The strategy for conversion is complex and requires taking a number of factors into account. Switch to transdermal patches will not be suitable for all patients and criteria for selecting suitable patients and a generalised framework for switching are yet to be fully described. References SPC. Clonidine 25 mg tablets BP. Summary of Product Charcteristics 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from Electronic Medicines Compendium: https://www.medicines.org.uk Basker S, Singh G, Jacob R. Clonidine in paediatrics - a review. Indian J Anaesth 2009;53:270–80. SPC. Catapres-TTS. Summary of Product Charcteristics 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2019, from https://docs.boehringer-ingelheim.com/Prescribing%20Information/PIs/Catapres%20TTS/CatapresTTS.pdf Sica DA, Grubbs R. Transdermal clonidine: therapeutic considerations. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension 2005;7:558–562.


Achievements of students in primary education have been an area of interest for a number of years . Both individual and contextual characteristics have proved their value for the prediction of these achievements. In this paper a theoretical model of the time and attention division of the teacher is elaborated. From this model, hypotheses are deduced about the labeling of a student as a problem student, and the possible referral of problem students to special education. Relative student characteristics are predicted to be of more importance than absolute characteristics. Hypothesis testing was based on data from 2,340 students in the Netherlands. The hypotheses were confirmed. Labeling of problem students is based on the relative achievements and relative behavior of students, while the referral to special education also can be predicted on the basis of relative achievements.


This book chapter highlights the important role played by α-helical structures in controlling protein-protein interactions (PPIs). First a brief discussion of the fundamental aspects of the α-helix structure is provided, including a word on nomenclature. Then some examples of different proteins involved in α-helical PPIs – for example Bcl-2, p53 and HIF-1α– are introduced alongside current methods for inhibiting these interactions, which typically rely on small lipophilic drug molecules, oligomeric structures or modified peptides. Next, nuclear hormone receptors will be discussed as quintessential α-helix mediated PPIs. By covering two of the most widely studied members of this intriguing protein class – the estrogen receptor (ER) and the androgen receptor (AR)– the important structural features of nuclear receptors will be discussed, and the significance of PPIs in terms of the binding of α-helical coregulator proteins highlighted. Finally, the chapter will round off with a discussion on how the principles of α-helicity have helped in the design of peptide-based and non-peptidic inhibitors of PPIs for drug discovery. In this case, the reader's attention will be mainly drawn to recent advances in the field.


The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is an industry standard for modeling analysis and design. However, the semantics of UML is not precisely defined and the correctness of refinement relations cannot be verified. In this study, we use the theorem proof assistant Coq to formalize and mechanize the semantics of UML-Statecharts and the refinement relations between models. Based on the mechanized semantics, the desired properties of both the semantics and the refinement relations can be described and proven as predicates and lemmas. This approach provides a promising way to obtain certified fault-free modeling and refinement.


An efficient diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctionalized indanes bearing four contiguous stereogenic centres in generally very short reaction times and sub-mol% squaramide catalyst loadings has been developed. The novel methodology creates a maximum of two stereocentres per bond formation via an organocatalytic Michael–Henry domino reaction.


Virtual reality, although it is in the real world, is a three-dimensional simulation model that brings users to a different environment with computer-generated graphics, video and audio, and enables communication with the media. Virtual reality is the imitation of the physical structure from a real-world or an imaginary world in a computer-generated environment. Augmented reality is the combination of the real world with the virtual world, the creation of enriched environments using virtual objects, the combination of physical reality and digital holograms, or the creation of a virtual world suitable for the purpose by using digital products. The aim of this study is to determine the opinions of teacher candidates studying in the faculty of education in terms of augmented reality, virtual reality and digital games depending on some demographic variables. The working group of the study consisted of teacher candidates studying in different departments of the Faculty of Education of Mustafa Kemal University in 2018-2019 Academic Year. Mixed model and General survey model were used in the study. In order to determine the opinions of teacher candidates, Using Digital Educational Plays Scale was used as a data collection tool. As a result of the research, there was no statistically significant difference between the opinions of the teacher candidates about the use of digital educational games in terms of the affective component, perceived usefulness, perceived control and the scale generally in terms of the scale, however, however, it has been concluded that there is a difference in favor of women in sub-dimension of affective components. In addition, in the research, teacher candidates were not afraid to use computer, but they were afraid of playing computer games.


SUMMARY: Before penicillinase is released from a penicillin-induced culture of Bacillus subtilis it accumulates and up to 85% is found to be bound to the cells. This cell-bound penicillinase is not free in the cytoplasm since it cannot be released in a soluble state simply by rupture of the cell envelope. It appears to be attached to the cell in a fairly superficial location since up to 40 % is accessible to antiserum and up to 98 % can be released, by trypsin in the presence of hypertonic sucrose, from apparently intact cells.


In this paper, a NC compliant abrasive polishing system was developed based on a magnetorheological torque servo (MRT), using a bonnet as the polishing tool. The MRT was uesd to provide a load acting on bonnet tool to produce the polishing force. In order to find the factors affecting the polishing quality, the models of the applied load, polishing force and contact pressure between the bonnet and the part were established based on Hertz theory, and the factors affecting the contact pressure were analyzed. Theoretical analysis indicated that there was a significant effect of the applied load, the initial pressure of the bonnet and the radius of curvature of the part on contact pressure. Experiments were carried out to verify the validity of the models, and experiment results showed that the roughness of the part was improved greatly and the polishing efficiency could be controlled by changing the initial pressure of the bonnet and applied load.


This study presents a prototype design of an ultra-miniature, wireless, battery-less, and implantable temperature-sensor, with applications to thermal medicine such as cryosurgery, hyperthermia, and thermal ablation. The design aims at a sensory device smaller than 1.5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length, to enable minimally invasive deployment through a hypodermic needle. While the new device may be used for local temperature monitoring, simultaneous data collection from an array of such sensors can be used to reconstruct the 3D temperature field in the treated area, offering a unique capability in thermal medicine. The new sensory device consists of three major subsystems: a temperature-sensing core, a wireless data-communication unit, and a wireless power reception and management unit. Power is delivered wirelessly to the implant from an external source using an inductive link. To meet size requirements while enhancing reliability and minimizing cost, the implant is fully integrated in a regular foundry CMOS technology (0.15 μm in the current study), including the implant-side inductor of the power link. A temperature-sensing core that consists of a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) circuit has been designed and characterized. It employs a microwatt chopper stabilized op-amp and dynamic element-matched current sources to achieve high absolute accuracy. A second order sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is designed to convert the temperature reading to a digital code, which is transmitted by backscatter through the same antenna used for receiving power. A high-efficiency multi-stage differential CMOS rectifier has been designed to provide a DC supply to the sensing and communication subsystems. This paper focuses on the development of the all-CMOS temperature sensing core circuitry part of the device, and briefly reviews the wireless power delivery and communication subsystems.


There are a number of effective treatments for PTSD; however, the most highly recommended treatments are individually delivered. The literature on group treatment for PTSD has lagged considerably behind that of individual treatment. As a result, much less is known about group treatment for PTSD. This is unfortunate, as group approaches can offer a number of advantages, such as decreasing social isolation and normalizing PTSD symptoms. Moreover, despite the lack of evidence-based group therapy protocols for PTSD, group treatment is frequently used in mental healthcare settings. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on group interventions for PTSD. Characteristics of group treatment are described along with methodological considerations unique to the group format. The chapter also reviews the available efficacy data and provides clinical and research recommendations.


The open-air markets are one of the activities related to urban spaces, while due to the weakness of the supervisory role of the state and the increasing demand for these markets -whether by traders or buyers- this resulted in the emergence of many physical, social, environmental and security problems. These markets cause obstruction and disruption of traffic, increasing rates of violent crime, and the occupation of public urban plazas by vendors, which has a negative impact on the right of citizens to public space. The research explores the problem of the presence of markets in urban public spaces based on an intrinsic case study of 'Al Moez LiDin Allah AlFatimi' street in Islamic Cairo. It investigates the mutual impact between these markets activities and the use of the street as an urban plaza with reference to three concepts: Public Space, Public Good, and Public Sphere. It aims at finding out how specialized markets can be integrated within the public urban areas without affecting the characteristics of the public space, thus contributing to the efficiency of urban spaces within cities. The research depends on a mixed methods case study; a users' satisfaction survey was conducted, also data was collected by observation and semi-structured interviews. The main results indicate that the more attention to the physical environment of the street, the lower the impact of the market on the right of the rest of the users, while the less management and follow-up to the street, this leads to dominate market activities. Additionally, the lack of community participation in development processes negatively affects the use of the street, and reflects the gap between policy makers and users.


We consider in this paper, mixed relaxed-singular stochastic control problems, where the control variable has two components, the first being measure-valued and the second singular. The control domain is not necessarily convex and the system is governed by a nonlinear stochastic differential equation, in which the measure-valued part of the control enters both the drift and the diffusion coefficients. We establish necessary optimality conditions, of the Pontryagin maximum principle type, satisfied by an optimal relaxed-singular control, which exist under general conditions on the coefficients. The proof is based on the strict singular stochastic maximum principle established by Bahlali-Mezerdi, Ekeland's variational principle and some stability properties of the trajectories and adjoint processes with respect to the control variable.


The authors report the case of a patient affected with carcinoma of the pancreas who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonic guidance. 2 months later, a peritoneal metastasis was found during laparotomy at the site of the previous biopsy. This is the third reported case in the literature of neoplastic dissemination after fine-needle biopsy, a traditionally safe diagnostic procedure.


The small intestine, like the rest of the gastrointestinal tract, is an intelligent organ. It generates a wide variety of motor patterns to meet motility requirements in different situations. Its basic motor function after a meal is to mix the chyme with exocrine and intestinal secretions, agitate its contents to uniformly and evenly expose them to the mucosal surface, and to propel them distally at a rate that allows optimal absorption of food components, and reabsorption of bile. Most of these functions are performed by individual phasic contractions. In humans, the phasic contractions are largely disorganized in time and space. These contractions may cause mixing and agitation of luminal contents with slow distal propulsion. Occasionally, an individual contraction of large amplitude and long duration migrates over several centimeters and may rapidly propel the contents over this distance. In general, the spatial and temporal relationships of individual phasic contractions become less organized distally, resulting in a slower propulsion rate in the distal small intestine than in the proximal small intestine. The migrating clustered contractions generated after a meal may also be propulsive, but because of their unpredictable and irregular occurrence, their precise role in postprandial propulsion is incompletely understood. Rapidly migrating contractions may occur when the electrical control activity is obliterated by pharmacologic agents or during parasitic infections. Their effects on motility are not known yet. Between meals, when digestion is complete, the small intestine generates migrating motor complexes that help keep the small intestine clean by dislodging debris from the villi and dumping them into the colon. This may prevent decay of these materials in the small intestine and limit their contribution to bacterial overgrowth. Giant migrating contractions may perform a similar function in the distal small intestine as well as return any refluxed fecal material back to the colon. However, the major role of giant migrating contractions may be, in pathologic states, associated with abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Giant migrating contractions are associated with mass movements. Vomiting is preceded by a retrograde giant contraction. This contraction rapidly empties the contents of the proximal half of small intestine into the stomach in preparation for vomitus expulsion by contraction of abdominal and diaphragmatic muscles. The three basic mechanisms of control of spatial and temporal patterns of contractions are myogenic, neural, and chemical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinmen County, R.O.C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence Chinese women's body fat distribution, including demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and anthropometric variables. Participants were 1310 women aged 45-54 years. We measured waist/hip ratio (WHR), age, education level, occupation, alcohol consumption, diet, physical exercise, smoking, age at menarche, parity, menopausal status, age at menopause, and obesity (body mass index, BMI). Lower BMI, premenopausal status, and higher education level were primary correlated factors of gynecoid pattern body fat distribution. Higher BMI and postmenopausal status were the main correlated factors of android pattern body fat distribution. Lifestyle factors did not show any significant association with body fat distribution. As in Western countries, overall obesity and menopausal status are the determinants of body fat distribution. Controlling overall obesity is the key factor that can be addressed in public education programs to reduce the risk of high WHR, which plays an important role in the development of some chronic diseases.


n Ferrara on 4 July 1523, Isabella del Balzo, Queen of Naples, sold a sizable portion of what remained of the royal Aragonese library to the humanist and book collector, Celio Calcagnini. A record of this transaction has survived in a manuscript, now in Madrid, listing many of her possessions.' This newly found inventory of 132 books (hereafter M1) sheds light on the dispersal of one of the most important libraries of the Italian Renaissance. Isabella del Balzo began her life of exile when the kingdom of Naples was invaded by the armies of France and Spain. This military occupation ended her husband Federico's brief rule (1496-1501) and forced the royal couple to move, with their rich library, first to the island of Ischia off the coast of Naples and soon after to France. There is evidence that they sold some of their books to Cardinal Georges d'Amboise and King Louis XII during their stay in France.2 In 1507, three years after Federico died, Isabellajoined her sister, Antonia, at Gazzuolo, near Mantua. Seeking the protection of Alfonso d'Este, the next year she moved with her household to Ferrara, where she lived in the Palazzo di San Francesco until her death in 1533.3 Thanks to the studies of Giuseppe Mazzatinti, Tammaro De Marinis, Jose Alcina Franch and Genaro Toscano,4 much is already known about the royal Aragonese library. Nevertheless, a thorough assessment of the library's fate after its removal from Naples in 1501 is still lacking. Until now, what little little information we had came from an inventory of 1527 listing 306 books (hereafter V), sent by Isabella to her son Ferdinand, Duke of Calabria, in Valencia.5 From M 1, however, we learn that, while in Ferrara, Isabella was in possession of more volumes than those eventually shipped to Spain. More importantly, this new inventory shows that in


More then 50% of the examined periodontal patients are usually qualified as the ones, suffering from the periodontitis of severe or half-severe form of disease. The analysis of questionnaires and medical histories revealed the inconvenience in the investigation methods and diagnostics of the periodontal patients. There is accentuated the need of curly diagnostics and complex treatment.


The multilayer desorption behavior of 2,5-diidothiophene and the dendritic aggregation of photochemical reaction products during the desorption of 2,5-diiodothiophene multilayers have been studied. Like many other aromatic compounds, 2,5-diiodothiophene shows a multilayer desorption behavior different from the typical zeroth-order kinetics, a metastable desorption peak growth at approximately 220 K followed by a thick multilayer peak growth at approximately 235 K. Traditionally, these desorption behaviors have been attributed to the formation of three-dimensional clusters. This paper provides the direct evidence of this clustering process by producing nondesorbing photoreaction products in the multilayer and by imaging their clusters after the multilayer desorption. Oligothiophene species are produced via photochemical reactions of 2,5-diiodothiophene during the multilayer deposition at approximately 180 K in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Upon heating the multilayer to room temperature, the oligothiophene species forms into fibrous aggregates with a fractal dimension varying from 1.37 to 1.81 depending on their surface concentration. Using a topographical alteration of the substrate with a repeating pattern, these oligothiophene fibers can be aligned to a certain direction. This may allow in-situ fabrication of aligned conjugated polymer fibers directly on a target substrate.


1
 H NMR titration experiments have been used to measure the association constants between tetrahydroxycholaphane 1a and the octyl glucosides 2-5; the cholaphane has been shown to discriminate quite effectively between the stereoisomers, showing a diastereoselectivity of ca. 5.5:1 in respect of 2 and 3, and an enantioselectivity of ca. 3:1 in respect of 3 and 5.


During the eighteenth century, perhaps the most politically complex epoch in Indian history, the Mughal Empire disintegrated and the English East India Company became an Asiatic power. Though these developments have naturally attracted research and spurred debate from the very outset of British rule, only in the last two decades have historians probed deeply the Indian regional polities that emerged from the crumbling Mughal domain and confronted expanding European dominance. Richard Barnett's book is the first monograph in this recent line of scholarship, and the polity in question is particularly important. Awadh was not only the largest, wealthiest North Indian regional kingdom, it was also the closest to Delhi, the Mughal capital, and its final annexation by the company in 1856 helped trigger the great Indian uprising of 1857. Barnett begins with a useful sketch of


The mental health and psychosocial implications of the 2014 Ebola outbreak are multifaceted, impacting survivors, families, healthcare providers, and the public health response. We conducted a literature review and summarized published information pertinent to mental health and psychosocial aspects of Ebola virus disease (EVD). A total of 140 documents were identified, including peer-reviewed research, newspaper articles, pamphlets, and guidelines/training manuals. One of the main obstacles in reducing the outbreak has been the widespread ignorance, and potential panic over EVD, leading to fear, isolation, and stigmatization. Using results of this review we developed stigma mitigation messages for Ebola survivors and responders.


Establishment and stabilization of endothelial tubes with patent lumens is vital during vertebrate development. Ras-interacting protein 1 (RASIP1) has been described as an essential regulator of de novo lumenogenesis through modulation of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we show that in mouse and zebrafish embryos, Rasip1-deficient vessels transition from an angioblast cord to a hollow tube, permit circulation of primitive erythrocytes, but ultimately collapse, leading to hemorrhage and embryonic lethality. Knockdown of RASIP1 does not alter EC-ECM adhesion, but causes cell-cell detachment and increases permeability of EC monolayers in vitro. We also found that endogenous RASIP1 in ECs binds Ras-related protein 1 (RAP1), but not Ras homolog gene family member A or cell division control protein 42 homolog. Using an exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 1 (EPAC1)-RAP1-dependent model of nascent junction formation, we demonstrate that a fraction of the RASIP1 protein pool localizes to cell-cell contacts. Loss of RASIP1 phenocopies loss of RAP1 or EPAC1 in ECs by altering junctional actin organization, localization of the actin-bundling protein nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIB, and junction remodeling. Our data show that RASIP1 regulates the integrity of newly formed blood vessels as an effector of EPAC1-RAP1 signaling.


From a theoretical and social point of view, modern Italophone postcolonial writing relegates to ways of receiving reality in the tradition of Verism and Neorealism,especially if aspects of violence are being considered. Notably the texts of female immigrant writers represent the subaltern (Gayatri C. Spivak) as they reflect thebiographical traumatic experiences of their authors or historical violent backgroundsof the plots. In this sense, according to the paradigm of James W. Pennebaker (Writing Therapy), writing often assumes a therapeutical function. This article recalls the first attempts of articulating the Italian colonial past in literature, starting with Ennio Flaiano and Mario Tobino, and then focusing on the innovative migratory texts of female Italophone writers from the 1990s onwards, namely those of Ribka Sibhatu,Cristina Ali Farah, Gabriella Ghermandi and Igiaba Scego who culturally speaking all originate from former Italian colonies in Africa. By making use of the theorems ofArmando Gnisci and Dacia Maraini, it becomes evident how female Italophone migrant writing must be recognized not only as a process of sensitization, but also asillness and therapy at the same time. Thus, the act of writing creates a transculturalspace of both conflict and encounter, in which a talking back from the periphery of Italian society takes place, with the effect of reconciling Italy with its colonialhistory and globalized present.


The citrate analogue, 2-fluoro-L-erythro-[3,4,5,6-(14)C]citrate was synthesized as a probe for the citrate transport system of Salmonella typhimurium. This analogue was actively transported by an inducible energy-dependent transport system with high affinity for fluorocitrate (Km = 3.3 microM), and this transport system was inhibited competitively by citrate and isocitrate. Fluorocitrate was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of the citrate-binding protein (C protein) of this organism (Ki = 4-5 microM). Analogue resistant mutants were simultaneously defective in fluorocitrate transport as well as the C protein and the affected allele, tctC, was located at 59 units on the S. typhimurium chromosome map. These tctC mutants were shown to be specifically defective in K+-dependent fluorocitrate transport but still retained another system capable of transporting fluorocitrate in the presence of both Na+ and K+.


INTRODUCTION: Alveolar hemorrhage leading to respiratory failure is uncommon. Various etiologies have been reported, including systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), which generally presents as pulmonary-renal syndrome. We report a case of SLE with massive hemoptysis and acute renal failure(ARF), successfully treated with plasmapheresis. CASE PRESENTATION: 65-years-old woman with history of hypertension and positive lupus anticoagulant presented with massive hemoptysis and respiratory failure. Patient denied chest pain, fever, recent upper respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal or urinary problems. No toxic habits or travel history. She has two children with no history of abortions.On examination patient was in respiratory distress and hypoxemic with a SaO2 90% on 100% non rebreather mask. She was afebrile with diffuse crepitations on the right lung. Rest of examination was normal including blood pressure. Laboratory results showed hemolytic anemia (Hb 18 g/dlbaseline was 34 five months ago) ARF (creatinine 7.2 mg/dl -baseline 1.1 five months ago). Chest roentgenogram and computed chest tomogram revealed diffuse bilateral infiltrates predominantly on the right side. Perfusion scan and echocardiogram were normal.Serology was positive for ANA, Ds DNA. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (cANCA), anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies and cardiolipin antibodies were negative. The patient was intubated and fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed diffuse oozing of blood from all right lung segments. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages were seen in the BAL. A diagnosis of SLE with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and ARF was entertained and patient was given pulse steroids and cyclophosphamide with some improvement in infiltrates and renal insufficiency and resolution of hemoptysis. Five days later she had recurrent hemoptysis with new left lung infiltrates and hypoxemia despite the use of continuous systemic corticosteroids. Three cycles of plasmapheresis were given with resolution of hemoptysis and infiltrates. Patient was successfully extubated. Kidney biopsy was not performed due to the critical state of the patient.Subsequently she had a prolonged hospital course complicated with nosocomial pneumonia, sepsis and multiorgan failure and finally she expired after three months of hospitalization. DISCUSSIONS: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage leading to respiratory failure is uncommon. Various etiologies have been reported, including infections, inhaled toxins, coagulation disorders, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, Goodpasture's syndrome, microscopic polyangiitis and Wegener's granulomatosis, as well as various types of collagenosis, such as scleroderma and SLE.Pulmonary-renal syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of both alveolar hemorrhage and glomerular-nephritis and is frequently associated with the presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies or anti-GBM antibodies. The type of injury, (alveolar, glomerular or both) determines the evolution and prognosis of the syndrome.A diagnosis of alveolar hemorrhage is made with the findings of hemoptysis, new alveolar infiltrate, anemia and the presence of blood or hemosiderin-laden macrophages in BAL like in our patient. In SLE patients, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is uncommon, occurring in only 2% of cases, and is often associated with mortality rates between 70-90%. Recurrent hemoptysis is seen in 10% of the cases. Concomitant renal involvement is also observed. Histological studies have shown that, in about 70% of lung biopsies, there are little inflammatory activity and a predominance of hemorrhagic characteristics, whereas in the remaining 30%, a neutrophilic capillaritis or diffuse alveolar damage is seen. Pulse steroids followed by high dose steroids with cyclophosphamide have been shown to control pulmonary hemorrhage. In case series, plasmapheresis had been used for recurrent hemoptysis although no survival benefit has been shown. Tacrolimus and immunoglobulin can be tried in refractory hemoptysis. CONCLUSION: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a life-threatening manifestation of SLE. An active diagnostic workup and aggressive immunosuppressive treatment are the cornerstones of the management. Early detection and active treatment of secondary infections are obligatory. Plasmapheresis needs to be considered in cases with refractory hemoptysis. DISCLOSURE: Praveen Rudraraju, None. ACUTE AMIODARONE PULMONARY TOXICITY IN A PATIENT WITH ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN THE MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT Jeremy C. Pamplin MD* Brian Cuneo MD, FCCP Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC