Case Presentation
 A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room by ambulance after being found "unresponsive" by his parents. He has been in good general health, has had no fever or other symptoms of infectious processes, has been taking no medications, and was "his normal self" until immediately prior to being found.
 Patients who are unresponsive and unarousable are in coma. The term altered consciousness represents the spectrum of abnormalities that exists between the immediate capability for normal wakefulness and true coma. For the purposes of this review, the two terms will be used interchangeably because their causes are similar and usually differ only in severity.
 Pathophysiology
 Two areas of the brain are responsible for consciousness: the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) and the cerebral cortex. The ARAS is located in the brain stem from the level of the medulla to the level of the midbrain and sends multiple afferent neurons to the cortex. Disruption of this system can lead to disorders of consciousness. The cerebral cortex is the much more common site where dysfunction can cause coma. Any injury or illness that affects the cerebral cortex globally can cause coma or altered consciousness.
 Differential Diagnosis
 Altered consciousness in children can be caused by injuries or illnesses that affect the central nervous system directly or can be a manifestation of other systemic disease (Table 1).


A generalized Cauchy-Kowalevski approach is proposed for flatness-based trajectory planning for boundary controlled semilinear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) in a one-dimensional spatial domain. For this, the ansatz presented in "Trajectory planning for boundary controlled parabolic PDEs with varying parameters on higher-dimensional spatial domains" (T. Meurer and A. Kugi, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. 54, no, 8, pp. 1854-1868, Aug. 2009) using formal integration is generalized towards a unified design framework, which covers linear and semilinear PDEs including rather broad classes of nonlinearities arising in applications. In addition, an efficient semi-numerical solution of the implicit state and input parametrizations is developed and evaluated in different scenarios. Simulation results for various types of nonlinearities and a tubular reactor model described by a system of semilinear reaction-diffusion-convection equations illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.


Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science capable of analyzing complex medical data. This can be used in diagnosis, treatment and predicting outcome in many clinical scenarios. Medicine and internet searches were carried out using the keywords 'artificial intelligence' and 'neural networks'. An overview of different AI techniques is presented in this paper along with the review of importance in clinical applications. The proficiency of AI techniques has been explored in almost every field of medicine. This paper mainly deals with tumors. An artificial neural network was the most commonly used analytical tool. Other AI techniques such as fuzzy expert systems, evolutionary computation and hybrid intelligent system have all been used in different clinical settings. Keywords: Automation, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, neural networks, machine learning Cite this Article Ramachandran G, Sheela T, Sureshkumar G, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Medical Fields. Research & Reviews: Journal of Medical Science and Technology . 2019; 8(1): 1–3p.


The purpose of this paper is to present the results of research in which the unit of analysis was delimited to regulate the price of ethanol in Colombia, from the perspective of economic regulation, following the approaches of the theory of general interest versus private interest theory. The article studies the perception of knowledge of the rule and the position or opinion about the risk of regulatory capture in the formation of prices, a procedure in which the point was found showing the space defining the symptom risk of the regulatory capture. The paper is divided into seven parts. The first part presents the research context, the second part contains the theoretical framework and basic concepts of the theory of economic regulation, the third part demonstrates the picture of the current state of ethanol at international and national level, the fourth part focuses key aspects of price regulation, the fifth section explains the methodological design of research, the sixth part shows the results of the study variables and finally, the last part draws some conclusions.


Our paper aims to explore how the doctoral students made use of digital technologies - Social Media (SM) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools - in the thesis stage of their fully online doctoral studies and what impact those tools had on their studies. Data were collected from an online survey (n=28) and a series of semi-structured interviews (n=9). The analysis of the survey data informed the qualitative phase of data collection. Both survey and interview data show a similar pattern of digital technologies uses in which for our participants SM tools far outpaces the usages of AI tools. We argue that the unique characteristics of the online doctoral students might have determined the popularity of some digital tools. The study findings help us to better understand students digital experience as both individuals and learners.


Fungal communities have been shown to be highly sensitive toward shifts in plant diversity and species composition in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the impact of forest management on fungal diversity and community composition of geographically separated sites. This study examined the effects of four different forest management types on soil fungal communities. These forest management types include age class forests of young managed beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), with beech stands age of approximately 30 years, age class beech stands with an age of approximately 70 years, unmanaged beech stands, and coniferous stands dominated by either pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) or spruce (Picea abies Karst.) which are located in three study sites across Germany. Soil were sampled from 48 study plots and we employed fungal ITS rDNA pyrotag sequencing to assess the soil fungal diversity and community structure. We found that forest management type significantly affects the Shannon diversity of soil fungi and a significant interaction effect of study site and forest management on the fungal operational taxonomic units richness. Consequently distinct fungal communities were detected in the three study sites and within the four forest management types, which were mainly related to the main tree species. Further analysis of the contribution of soil properties revealed that C/N ratio being the most important factor in all the three study sites whereas soil pH was significantly related to the fungal community in two study sites. Functional assignment of the fungal communities indicated that 38% of the observed communities were Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) and their distribution is significantly influenced by the forest management. Soil pH and C/N ratio were found to be the main drivers of the ECM fungal community composition. Additional fungal community similarity analysis revealed the presence of study site and management type specific ECM genera. This study extends our knowledge on the impact of forest management type on general and ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure in temperate forests. High plasticity across management types but also study site specific spatial distribution revealed new insights in the ECM fungal distribution patterns.


Summary
Extensive herbicide usage has led to the evolution of resistant weed populations that cause substantial crop yield losses and increase production costs. The multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) Avena fatua populations utilised in this study are resistant to members of all selective herbicide families, across five modes of action, available for A. fatua control in US small grain production, and thus pose significant agronomic and economic threats. Resistance to acetolactate synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors is not conferred by known target site mutations, indicating that non-target site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms are involved. Understanding the inheritance of NTS MHR is of upmost importance for continued agricultural productivity in the face of the rapid increase in resistant weed populations worldwide. As few studies have examined the inheritance of NTSR in autogamous weeds, we investigated the inheritance and genetic control of NTSR in the highly autogamous, allohexaploid species A. fatua. We found that NTSR in MHRA. fatua is controlled by three separate, closely-linked nuclear genes for flucarbazone-sodium, imazamethabenz-methyl and pinoxaden. The single-gene NTSR inheritance patterns reported here contrast with other examples in allogamous species and illustrate the diversity of evolutionary responses to strong selection.


The state of the art of studies of the formation of domain structures is reviewed. Various methods of ferroelectric and magnetic domain formation are discussed, including putting single crystals into electric, magnetic, optical, and acoustic fields as well as exposing them to thermal annealing or changing their chemical composition. It is demonstrated that the realization of induced domain structures has already led to new frequency multiplication and ultrasound generation methods as well as to those for the parametric conversion of acoustic and optical beams.


Objective: To evaluate power of amino acid polymorphisms in core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) for predicting sustained virological response (SVR) to pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)/ribavirin, when they were combined with virological response. Methods: Peg-IFN/ribavirin was given to 118 patients infected with HCV genotype 1b in high viral loads. Amino acid polymorphisms (Arg70 vs. Gln70 and Leu91 vs. Met91) in combination with on-treatment virological responses were correlated with SVR. Results: End-of-treatment response (ETR) was achieved in 71% and SVR in 47% of the 118 patients. In multivariate analysis, Arg70 and Leu91, and higher ribavirin dose were independently associated with ETR. In patients with Gln70 and/or Met91, SVR was more frequent in those with than without prompt virological response (PVR) for a decrease in viral load ≧1.0 log by 48 h. Specificity in predicting patients without ETR and SVR, in combination with core polymorphisms, was not different between PVR and early virological response at 12 weeks. Conclusion: Core polymorphisms combined with PVR would be useful in promptly identifying the patients who will not respond to Peg-IFN/ribavirin, thereby avoiding unrewarding side effects and high costs.


A fluorescence probe is introduced for protein conformation and binding-site monitoring as the proton-transfer (PT) tautomer fluorescence by using 4-hydroxy-5-azaphenanthrene (HAP) as a prototype. A typical grossly-wavelength-shifted PT fluorescence for HAP is observed in the 600-nm spectral region for this UV-absorbing molecule (absorption onset, 400 nm), for which case PT occurs even in protic solvents. It is shown that PT fluorescence of HAP can serve as a protein-binding-site static-polarity calibrator, shifting from a lambda max of 612 nm in cyclohexane to 585 nm in ethanol at 298 K, contrary to the usual dispersion red shift. A small mechanical solvent-cage effect is noted in ethanol at 77 K, but solvent dielectric relaxation is not apparent from the fluorescence spectrum. Thus, HAP serves to distinguish static solvent-cage polarity from dynamical solvent dielectric relaxation and other solvent-cage effects (mechanical restriction of molecular conformation). HAP as a PT-fluorescence probe is applied to human serum albumin (HSA) and beaver apomyoglobin.


Vickers indentation is used to measure the hardness of materials. In this study, numerical simulation of Vickers indentation experiment was performed for Diamond like Carbon (DLC) coated materials. DLC coatings were deposited on stainless steel 304 substrates with Chromium buffer layer using RF Magnetron and T-shape Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Dual system The objective of this research is to understand the elastic plastic properties, stress strain distribution, ring and lateral crack growth and propagation, penetration depth of indenter and delamination of coating from substrate with effect of buffer layer thickness. The effect of Poisson's ratio of DLC coating was also analyzed. Indenter penetration is more in coated materials with thin buffer layer as compared to thicker one, under same conditions. Similarly, the specimens with thinner buffer layer failed quickly due to high residual stress as compared to the coated materials with reasonable thickness of 200nm buffer layer. The simulation results suggested the optimized thickness of 200 nm among the prepared specimens for durable and long service. Keywords—Thin film, buffer layer. Diamond like Carbon, Vickers indentation, Poisson's ratio, Finite element.


Previous studies have shown that the impurity Li3V2(PO4)3 in LiVPO4F will adversely affect its electrochemical performance. In this work, we show that the crystalline composition of LiVPO4F/C is mainly influenced by the environmental temperature. The content of Li3V2(PO4)3 formed in LiVPO4F/C is 0, 11.84 and 18.75% at environmental temperatures of 10, 20, and 30°C, respectively. For the sample LVPF-30C, the SEM pattern shows a kind of alveolate microstructure and the result of selected area electron diffraction shows two sets of patterns. The LiVPO4F/C cathode without impurity phase Li3V2(PO4)3 was prepared at 10°C. The selected area electron diffraction result proves that the lattice pattern of LiVPO4F is a regular parallelogram. Electrochemical tests show that only one flat plateau around 4.2 V appears in the charge/discharge curve, and the reversible capacity is 140.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C, and 116.3 mAh·g−1 at 5 C. From these analyses, it is reasonable to speculate that synthesizing LiVPO4F/C at a low environmental temperature is a practical strategy to obtain pure crystalline phase and good electrochemical performance.


Supernumerary robotic limbs may one day allow people to perform tasks as if they had an extra limb, extending human capabilities. One challenge with supernumerary robotic limbs is how to control them. One method is teleoperation using the foot. This allows a person to continue using their arms. However, it is not clearly known how well a person can physically and cognitively use a foot-controlled supernumerary robotic arm and both of their arms simultaneously. We present an experiment that shows that using the foot to control a supernumerary robotic arm improves task performance. The task was selected so that it could be performed using only two hands, where the hands switch between subtasks. The use of only two hands provides a baseline for comparison. The results show that using the foot with the hands improved performance relative to just using the hands alone.


The current work proposes a model for prediction of breast cancer using the classification approach in data mining. The proposed model is based on various parameters, including symptoms of breast cancer, gene mutation and other risk factors causing breast cancer. Mutations have been predicted in breast cancer causing genes with the help of alignment of normal and abnormal gene sequences; then predicting the class label of breast cancer (risky or safe) on the basis of IF-THEN rules, using Genetic Algorithm (GA). In this work, GA has used variable gene encoding mechanisms for chromosomes encoding, uniform population generations and selects two chromosomes by Roulette-Wheel selection technique for two-point crossover, which gives better solutions. The performance of the model is evaluated using the F score measure, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) by plotting points (Sensitivity V/s 1- Specificity).


The project aimed to find the reasons for bottlenecks in the present system that deprive the tribal community of the benefit of schemes. Five villages from each block have been selected to make total number of villages as 125. The survey conducted in these villages included one questionnaire for village information and another questionnaire for selected 20 women from each village were quarried for various type of information. Thus 2500 households from 125 villages were selected and information gathered from them has been compiled in this report. URL:[http://wcd.nic.in/].


Electrophysiological and morphological properties of genetically identified spinal interneurons were examined to elucidate their possible contribution to locomotor-like rhythmic activity in 1- to 4-day-old mice. In the transgenic mice used in our study, the HB9 promotor controlled the expression of the reporter gene enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), giving rise to GFP+ motoneurons and ventral interneurons. However, only motoneurons and a small group of bipolar, GFP+ interneurons expressed the HB9 protein. The HB9(+)/GFP+ interneurons were clustered close to the medial surface in lamina VIII along segments L1-L3. The correlation between activity pattern in these visually identified interneurons and motoneuron output was examined using simultaneous whole cell and ventral root recordings. Neurochemically induced rhythmic membrane depolarizations in HB9/GFP interneurons were synchronous with ventral root rhythms, indicating that the interneurons received synaptic inputs from rhythm-generating networks. The frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents significantly increased during ventral root bursts, but there was no change in the frequency of inhibitory postsynaptic currents during the cycle period. These data implied that HB9/GFP interneurons received primarily excitatory inputs from rhythmogenic interneurons. Neurobiotin-filled axon terminals were in close apposition to other neurons in the cluster and to motoneuron dendrites, raising the possibility that HB9/GFP interneurons formed synaptic connections with each other and with motoneurons. The expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 in axon terminals of HB9/GFP interneurons indicated that these were glutamatergic interneurons. Our findings suggest that the visually identified HB9/GFP interneurons are premotor excitatory interneurons and putative constituents of networks generating locomotor rhythms in the mammalian spinal cord.


The phase behaviour of Ar and Kr adsorbed in Vycor glass at pressures and temperatures above the bulk triple point and below the bulk critical point has been investigated. Ar is found to condense in the pores ∼2 K above the bulk transition and freeze ∼10 K below the bulk transition. In contrast the condensation transition for Kr is shifted up by 4 K and freezing shifted down by 15 K. There is a pronounced hysteresis (4–6 K) at the liquid/solid phase boundary and a lesser amount (∼2 K) at the gas/liquid boundary. We find clear differences between the pore filling and emptying processes at the gas/liquid phase boundary and evidence of pore blocking on desorption. In addition microbubbles or large gas–liquid interfaces are thought to occur when Kr condenses in the pores but this effect is absent in Ar. Finally, solid Ar in the pores melts in a more continuous way than Kr.


Let L be a given linear order consisting of abstract elements or symbols (3. We define a system F whose elements are certain forms written in terms of the elements of L. We then linearly order these forms, and define addition and multiplication for them. For convenience of statement, we first define and order certain special elements of F which we term powerforms and product-forms. Power-Forms.-We begin by taking all elements A of L as elements of F. Next, all forms pb, where # belongs to L and b is any real number, are taken to be elements of F. We call these forms power-forms. The form (1 is considered as identical with ,B; and all forms ,B0, no matter what (3 may be, as identical with 1 (unity). Product-Forms.-Next, we take as elements of F all forms -=l (b = #blfbI #bbx X <.,


It is pointed out that the partner non radiated eye is also influenced after employment of high radiation on an eye. The authors radiated rabbit eyes with gamma rays employing Stallard-applicators and determined the glutathion and ascorbic acid content in the lenses. The lenses of the partner eye were also examined for comparison. In those eyes which were directly radiated there was a fall of concentration of the two substances indirectly proportional to the dose of rays employed. In the partner eyes which were not directly subjected to direct radiation there were changes of similar character which were however not so much pronounced. The role of glutathion and ascorbic acid in lens metabolism is pointed out.


In this article, we will give a brief account of the different approaches that have been presented in the literature for calculating Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra by ab initio methods. We will also outline the general structure of a self-consistent-field-based approach for analytic calculations of ROA spectra, including also contributions from London orbitals. The use of London orbitals ensures that the relevant ROA parameters are gauge origin independent. We will also give an outlook on the future of ab initio calculations of Raman optical activity spectra.


In this technical report, we introduce the methods of HIKVISION_LiDAR_Det in the challenge of waymo open dataset real-time 3D detection. Our solution for the competition are built upon Centerpoint 3D detection framework. Several variants of CenterPoint are explored, including center attention head and feature pyramid network neck. In order to achieve real time detection, methods like batchnorm merge, half-precision floating point network and GPU-accelerated voxelization process are adopted. By using these methods, our team ranks 6th among all the methods on real-time 3D detection challenge in the waymo open dataset.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The HFE protein interacts with the transferrin receptor (TfR) to regulate cellular iron uptake. Nucleated erythroid cells have the highest number of TfR and the greatest iron uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate whether erythroid iron uptake is directly affected by HFE mutations.

DESIGN AND METHODS
Iron status and erythropoiesis was investigated in sixty, asymptomatic HFE C282Y homozygotes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were employed to investigate the HFE expression profile of normal peripheral blood, nucleated erythroid cells and several cultured cell lines.

RESULTS
The HFE C282Y homozygous subjects showed subtle erythropoietic changes with raised transferrin saturation and reticulocyte counts and low-normal serum transferrin receptor levels, but normal erythrocyte count and mean cell volume. HFE mRNA was detected in macrophages and monocytes and HFE protein was detected in granulocytes and at low levels in monocytes. Cultured primary human erythroid colonies did not express HFE mRNA or protein.

INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence that HFE C282Y homozygotes display increased plasma iron turnover and increased erythropoiesis, despite there being no evidence that HFE is expressed in erythroid colonies with a normal HFE genotype. It is likely that HFE mutations do not directly alter erythroid iron handling, but alter the supply of iron to the erythroid tissues.


Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Background and Goal of Study: Endotracheal intubation may be affected not only by the neuromuscular blocking drug used but also by the intravenous induction agent. The goal of this study was to assess whether selecting the intravenous induction drug would affect the intubating conditions produced by rocuronium 0.7 mg/kg is used for rapid sequence induction. Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent from all patients, we studied 60 adult ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to thiopental group (5 mg/kg, n 20), propofol group (2 mg/kg, n 20) and etomidate group (0.2 mg/kg, n 20). After preoxygenation patients in the different group received the estimated induction dose of the assigned induction agent. Rocuronium 0.7 mg/kg IV was then given. Induction drug syringes were hidden and an experienced anesthesiologists who was unaware of the induction drug performed laryngoscopy and intubation 60 seconds after the rocuronium injection. Intubation conditions were assessed by jaw relaxation, vocal cord movement, response to tracheal intubation and evaluated as excellent, good, fair and poor. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured before induction, immediately after intubation, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min and 10 min after intubation. Results and Discussions: The frequency of excellent intubation conditions was higher in propofol group (60%) as compared with thiopental group (55%) and etomidate group (45%), but there was no statistical significance among the three groups. Arterial blood pressure was increased and moderate tachycardia was seen after intubation in all three groups, but the blood pressure was relatively lower in the propofol induction. Conclusion(s): The intubation conditions are similar after either thiopental, propofol, or etomidate when rocuronium 0.7 mg/kg is used to facilitate to endotracheal intubation for rapid sequence induction. Reference: 1 Fuchs-Buder T, Sparr HJ, Ziegenfuss T. Thiopental or etomidate for rapid sequence induction with rocuronium. Br J Anaesth. 1998; 80: 504–6.


Role reversal is a relationship disturbance in which a parent looks to a child to meet a parent's need for comfort, parenting, intimacy or play, and the child attempts to meet these needs. The current study examined, within a developmental psychopathology framework, the effect of father and mother role reversal with toddlers on the development of attention problems, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms, and social problems in kindergarten. In a normative sample, N=57, role reversal was assessed in an observational paradigm, and teachers rated behavior problems. Father role reversal predicted attention problems and externalizing symptoms, whereas mother role reversal predicted social problems. Gender was an important moderator such that father role reversal predicted social problems for boys and mother role reversal predicted social problems for girls. The importance of a developmental psychopathology perspective, the role of fathers, and implications for the development of diagnosable disorders and for preventive interventions are discussed.


Bouveret's syndrome is a rare form of small bowel obstruction caused by a large biliary stone entering the lumen of the duodenum or the stomach through a bilioenteric fistula. Treatment options include various surgical techniques. However, recent advances in endoscopy also allow non-surgical endoscopic treatment options. We report a 68-year-old man, with a disseminated small intestinal neuroendocrine tumour, presenting with Bouveret's syndrome without any previously reported biliary disease. He experienced a number of symptoms 1 month prior to his admittance, which were difficult to differentiate from other infectious diseases and complications due to his neuroendocrine tumour. Abdominal CT showed a biliary stone impacted in the duodenal bulb, small bowel obstruction, pneumobilia and a bilioenteric fistula. The patient was treated with endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy to fragment the large gallstone in smaller retractable pieces. The patient avoided major surgery and was discharged the following day.


Field isolates of Alternaria solani, which causes early blight of potato in Idaho, USA were evaluated in vitro for their sensitivity towards the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides boscalid, fluopyram and penthiopyrad. A total of 20 isolates were collected from foliar-infected tissue in 2009, 26 in 2010 and 49 in 2011. Fungicide sensitivity was tested using the spiral-gradient end point dilution method. The frequency of boscalid-resistant isolates (>50% relative growth when using a spiral dilution gradient starting at 507 mg L−1) drastically increased over the duration of this study (15% in 2009, 62% in 2010 and 80% in 2011). Increasing resistance to fluopyram and penthiopyrad was observed. However, cross-resistance was only observed between boscalid and penthiopyrad. The target site of this fungicide class is the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme complex, which is vital for fungal respiration. Sequence analysis of the SDH complex revealed mutations in the subunits B and D that were correlated with the emergence of boscalid resistance in potato fields in Idaho. In particular, H277R and H133R were identified in SDH subunits B and D, respectively. The presence of restriction sites in the gene sequences allowed the development of a rapid PCR-RFLP method to assess boscalid sensitivity in A. solani populations.


Abstract : A new integrated aero-structural design method for aerospace vehicles is presented. The approach combines an aero-structural analysis solver, a coupled aero-structural adjoint solver, a geometry engine, and an efficient gradient-based optimization algorithm. The aero-structural solver ensures accurate solutions by using high-fidelity models for the aerodynamics, structures, and coupling procedure. The coupled aero-structural adjoint solver is used to calculate the sensitivities of aerodynamic and structural cost functions with respect to both aerodynamic shape and structural variables. The aero-structural adjoint sensitivities are compared with those given by the complex-step derivative approximation and finite differences. The proposed method is shown to be both accurate and efficient, exhibiting a significant cost advantage when the gradient of a small number of functions with respect to a large number of design variables is needed. The optimization of a supersonic business jet configuration demonstrates the usefulness and importance of computing aero-structural sensitivities using the coupled-adjoint method.


Forty five specimens from human myocarditic or myopathic tissues were examined for enteroviruses by in situ hybridization with 2 biotin labelled generic enterovirus probes pCBIII/35 and pCBIII/51. Positive hybridization signals were obtained in 12 samples (26.6%). Enterovirus RNA were obtained in 5 out of these 12 samples (41.7%) by the presence of positive hybridization signals with a coxsackie B3 virus type-specific probe pCBIII/29. The positive hybridization signals were primarily localized within the cytoplasm of single or several myocytes and the myocardial interstitial tissues, and were also occasionally seen within the cytoplasm of endotheliocytes of blood vessels in the myocardium.


Ever increasing urbanization over the thick and less cohesive soil of the Federal District (DF) – Brazil, has increased area's vulnerability to natural hazards, especially the soil erosion and mass movement. This preliminarily study applied noise based geophysical techniques like power spectral density (PSD), horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and noise interferometry to a mass movement in Brasilia for the understating of geodynamic processes working in the background of these hazards. Here obtained results show a uniform stratigraphic peak at 2 Hz observed on all HVSR curves, a four layered shear wave section was obtained by MASW. Dispersion curve (frequency vs phase velocity) shows first and second fundamental modes at frequencies of 5 and 25 Hz, respectively. Noise correlograms show time delay larger than +- 0.5 sec on the waveforms of ZR (vertical-radial) component, mainly in acausal part. Relative velocity changes calculated by stretching technique show anomalous trends in response to rainfall events. Follow research will focus on the detection of possible changes in noise records within mass movement mainly related to natural triggering factors (rainfall and river erosion) under more controlled data conditions.


"Perhaps," wrote Ralph Ellison more than seventy years ago, "the zoot suit contains profound political meaning; perhaps the symmetrical frenzy of the Lindy-hop conceals clues to great potential power." As Ellison noted then, many of our most mundane cultural forms are larger and more important than they appear, taking on great significance and an unexpected depth of meaning. What he saw in the power of the lindy hop - the dance that Life magazine once billed as "America's True National Folk Dance" - would spread from black America to make a lasting impression on white America and of fer us a truly compelling means of understanding our culture. But with what hidden implications? In "American Allegory", Black Hawk Hancock offers an embedded and embodied ethnography that situates dance within a larger Chicago landscape of segregated social practices. Delving into two Chicago dance worlds, lindy hop and steppin', Hancock uses a combination of participant observation and interviews to bring to the surface the racial tension that surrounds white use of black cultural forms. Focusing on new forms of appropriation in an era of multiculturalism, Hancock underscores the institutionalization of racial disparities and offers wonderful insights into the intersection of race and culture in America.


OK10, a defective leukemia virus, is produced as a defective particle by so-called nonproducer transformed quail fibroblasts. OK10 defective viral particles contain an 8-kilobases (kb)-long genomic RNA, lack any detectable reverse transcriptase activity, and are not infectious. We studied the genetic content of OK10 RNA extracted from both virions and infected cells. As shown by RNA-cDNA hybridizations in stringent conditions, about 77% (6.4 kb) of the OK10 8.0kb RNA was related to avian leukosis viruses in the three structural genes gag, pol, and env, as well as in the c region. The remainder of the OK10 genome-encoding capacity (≤1.6 kb) was homologous to the MC29-specific transforming sequence myc(m) and therefore has been named myc(o). EcoRI restriction analysis of the OK10 integrated proviral DNA with different probes indicated the presence of only one provirus in the OK10 QB5 clone, which agreed with the gene order: 5′-gag-Δpol-myc(o)-Δenv-c- 3′. Heteroduplex molecules formed between the viral OK10 8.0-kb RNA and the 6.8-kb SacI DNA fragment of the Prague A strain of Rous sarcoma virus confirmed that structure and indicated that the myc(o) sequence formed a continuous RNA stretch of 1.4 to 1.6 kb long between Δpol and Δenv. We also examined the myc(o)-containing mRNA's transcribed in OK10-transformed cells. OK10-transformed quail fibroblasts (OK10 QB5) transcribed two mRNA species of 8.0 and 3.6 kb containing the myc(o) sequence. The genetic content of the 3.6-kb species made it a possible maturation product of the genome size 8-kb species by splicing out the gag and pol sequences. In OK10-transformed bone marrow cells (OK10 BM), a stable bone marrow-derived cell line producing OK10, the myc(o) sequence was found in four RNA species of 11.0, 8.0, 7.0, and 3.6 kb. Again, the genetic content of these mRNA's indicated that (i) the 3.6-kb species could be spliced out of the 8.0-kb-genome size mRNA and (ii) the 11.0-kb-long mRNA could represent a read-through of the OK10 provirus, the corresponding maturation product being, then, a 7.0-kb mRNA. The 7.0- and 3.6- kb mRNA's both contained the myc(o) sequence, but no sequences related to the gag or pol gene. In conclusion, whereas the myc sequences have been generally thought to be expressed through a gag-onc fusion protein, as for MC29 and CMII viruses, our experiments indicate that they could also be expressed as a non-gag-related product made from a subgenomic mRNA in the OK10-transformed cells.


SIR,-In response to our leading article (19 September, p 681) Drs John L Waddington and Hanafy A Youssef point out (17 October, p 997) that schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia have an excess of "developmental (primitive/neonatal) reflexes" and suggest that schizophrenics with anomalies in brain development are particularly susceptible to tardive dyskinesia. Their idea is an interesting one which is supported by the evidence that some preschizophrenics may already show involuntary movements' and also by the finding of Bartels and others2 that tardive dyskinesia is especially common in "non-genetic schizophrenia"; we have shown that a history of pregnancy and birth complications is obtained more frequently from schizophrenics without a family history of psychiatric disorder than from those with such a history.3 Drs S J Cooper and D J King (24 October, p 1068) take us to task for regarding the possible aetiological roles of viral infections and birth complications as separate. We did not make our views clear enough; certainly we accept that viral infections during pregnancy may induce growth or other abnormalities in the fetus leading to secondary perinatal complications. The importance of viral infection during pregnancy has recently been emphasised by Mednick et al, who studied the rates of schizophrenia in young adults exposed during fetal life to the influenza epidemic which swept Helsinki in 19574; those exposed to the epidemic during their second trimester of fetal development had an increased risk of later schizophrenia. Dr M T Abou-Saleh (14 November, p 1278) suggests that brain damage caused by obstetric complications explains the scan abnormalities and cognitive deficits commonly found in so called type II schizophrenia. We concur with this and suggest that the deficits of affect and cognition which are seen in this type of chronic schizophrenia are actually continuations of longstanding deficits present before the onset of psychosis and dating from the initial brain insult. This goes against the traditional notion ofschizophrenia as a deteriorating disorder.5 Dr Abou-Saleh's point about higher rates of perinatal injury in developing countries is not easily resolved. We would simply note that severe mental retardation is a syndrome which numbers obstetric injury among its causes; yet, like schizophrenia, it shows a surprisingly stable global incidence. Dr Abou-Saleh also states that it is difficult to reconcile the neurodevelopmental hypothesis with the genetic basis of the disorder but then goes on to suggest that early developmental anomaly might involve the very brain structures which mediate the effects of genetic factors. Exactly! Mednick et al consider that "a part of the genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia consists ofa heightened sensitivity of the brain to perinatal insult."4 Considerable evidence implicates the hippocampus. The genetic predisposition to schizophrenia might well comprise the inheritance of a pattern of neuronal migration into the hippocampus which is especially vulnerable to hypoxic-ischaemic damage.5


This study presents a systematic analysis of wetted region due to cooling of aluminum plate by water spray impingement with respect to different water flow rates, spray nozzle heights, and subcooling. Unlike jet impingement, the wetting is not commenced upon spray impingement and there is a delay in wetness of hot test surface. After initiation, the wetting (black zone) progresses gradually to cover all test plate and provides efficient cooling in nucleate boiling regime. Generally, spray cooling is found function of spray flow rate, spray-to-surface distance and water subcooling. Wetting delay is decreasing by increasing of spray flow rate until spray impact area is not become bigger that test surface. Otherwise, higher spray flow rate is not practically accelerated start of wetting. Very fast wetting due to spray cooling can be obtained by dense spray (high floe rate) discharged from adjacent nozzle to the test surface. Highly subcooling water spray also triggers earlier wetting of hot aluminum plate. Keywords—Water spray, wetting, aluminum plate, flow rate.


In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based video codec specifically designed for VR displays that enables real-time playback of high-resolution 360° videos. Our codec exploits the fact that only a fraction of the full 360° video frame is visible on the display at any time. To load and decode the video viewport-dependently in real time, we make use of the wavelet transform for intra- as well as inter-frame coding. Thereby, the relevant content is directly streamed from the drive, without the need to hold the entire frames in memory. With an average of 193 frames per second at 8192 × 8192 -pixel full-frame resolution, the conducted evaluation demonstrates that our codec's decoding performance is up to 272% higher than that of the state-of-the-art video codecs H.265 and AV1 for typical VR displays. By means of a perceptual study, we further illustrate the necessity of high frame rates for a better VR experience. Finally, we demonstrate how our wavelet-based codec can also directly be used in conjunction with foveation for further performance increase.


The difficulty of selecting the optimal time-frequency distribution (TFD) for a given real-life signal has been one of the major limiting factors to a wider use of time-frequency analysis tools in practice. This paper, by extending our earlier works on the objective assessment of the performance of TFDs, presents a novel automatic approach for selecting a real-life signal best-performing time-frequency distribution from a set of considered TFDs. The practical applicability of the approach is illustrated on real-life signals examples.


The mechanisms for Fe(III) oxide reduction by Geobacter species are of interest because Geobacter species have been shown to play an important role in Fe(III) oxide reduction in a diversity of environments in which Fe(III) reduction is a geochemically significant process. Geobacter species specifically express pili during growth on Fe(III) oxide compared with growth on soluble chelated Fe(III), and mutants that cannot produce pili are unable to effectively reduce Fe(III) oxide. The pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens are electrically conductive along their length under physiologically relevant conditions and exhibit a metallic-like conductivity similar to that observed previously in synthetic organic metals. Metallic-like conductivity in a biological protein filament is a previously unrecognized mechanism for electron transport that differs significantly from the more well-known biological strategy of electron hopping/tunnelling between closely spaced redox-active proteins. The multihaem c-type cytochrome OmcS is specifically associated with pili and is necessary for Fe(III) oxide reduction. However, multiple lines of evidence, including the metallic-like conductivity of the pili and the fact that OmcS molecules are spaced too far apart for electron hopping/tunnelling, indicate that OmcS is not responsible for long-range electron conduction along the pili. The role of OmcS may be to facilitate electron transfer from the pili to Fe(III) oxide. Long-range electron transport via pili with metallic-like conductivity is a paradigm shift that has important implications not only for Fe(III) oxide reduction, but also for interspecies electron exchange in syntrophic microbial communities as well as microbe-electrode interactions and the emerging field of bioelectronics.


In his essay 'Literature and Homosexuality in the Late Eighteenth Century' (1986) George E. Haggarty claims that Horace Walpole, Matthew Lewis, and William Beckford - male instigators of the Gothic - were all homosexual. 'Beckford notoriously, Lewis probably, and Walpole iffily,' says Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, in her book, Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosexual Desire (1985). Haggarty claims the debauchery featured in their work was born of a desire to vent homosexual frustration. Gothic then, was initially 'queer'. However, this new genre was swiftly taken up by women writers, most notable among them being the novelist Anne Radcliffe (1764-1823). Soon the Gothic became a vehicle for the expression of women's fears concerning their lack of autonomy in law, particularly when it came to matrimony. Termed 'Terror Gothic' by Radcliffe, the principle feature of this feminine strand was the crumbling medieval castle, appropriated from Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1764). Its damp dungeons and dark hidden places becoming a metaphor for the domestic home; a place which for women should have been a haven of security and protection, but also proved to be a place where, hidden from view, they could be imprisoned and abused. With this central concern came the attendant feminine elements of sororophobia, female sensibility, and the beautiful (juxtaposed with the masculine sublime).
Although modern society now strives towards sexual equality, echoes of the patriarchy still reverberate, and in the Twentieth Century, female authors continued to feature these same elements of Radcliffian Terror Gothic in their work; bringing the reader's attention to injustices still being metered out to women by their male counterparts.
The three authors under discussion here: Stella Gibbons, Elizabeth Taylor, and Iris Murdoch, are all working with different agendas, but are engaging with the same Gothic tropes to achieve those ends, utilising imprisonment within the 'castle' as the central theme, along with its ancillary concerns, to focus on male usurpation, and the vulnerability of the female.


A key objective in any reservoir development plan is to achieve maximum reservoir exploitation which is usually quantified using an economic objective such as net present value (NPV). A key element of such an optimized development plan is an optimized well planning scheme (number, placement and trajectories of the wells). In the well planning phase, it is important to quantify the geological uncertainty. In this study, a new approach is presented in which the targets and thereby the trajectories of the wells are optimized while the geological uncertainties are taken into account. The latter is achieved by using an ensemble of updated reservoir models resulting from assisted history matching (AHM) as the input for the optimization of the field development plan. For the case presented in this study, the reservoir structure, more specific the top and bottom of the reservoir, is assumed to be the main source of uncertainty. To optimize the well targets and trajectories, the Stochastic Simplex Approximate Gradients (StoSAG) methodology is used. A parameterization of the well path is proposed, in which the angles, azimuths and measured depths of the targets are used as controls to optimize the trajectories of the horizontal wells. With this parameterization, the horizontal section is not always straight, in contrast to the approaches presented in many previous publications. The proposed workflow has been applied successfully on a realistic synthetic case inspired from a real field case. The results show that significant increases in objective function can be achieved when well trajectories are optimized constrained to uncertainties in the structural model


Because nuclear reactions do not typically affect the valence electrons of the atom (although electron capture draws an electron from an orbital of the lowest energy level), they do not directly cause chemical changes. Nonetheless, the particles and the photons emitted during nuclear decay are very energetic, and they can indirectly produce chemical changes in the matter surrounding the nucleus that has decayed. For instance, an α particle is an ionized helium nucleus (He2+) that can act as a powerful oxidant. In this section, we describe how radiation interacts with matter and the some of the chemical and biological effects of radiation.


The goal is to objectify the concept of "visual product" through speculative thinking from the start point of the subject of Galatasaray-NeuchâtelXamaxmatch on the basis of a new kind of economical product brought about by the storability of service products owing to the technological changes in sports viewing products.
In our study, the general screening model, which is one of the descriptive research methods, has been used (Karasar 2009). Within the scope of this descriptive scanning method, a theoretical-analytical method has been used focusing on the relevant body of literature. Descriptive studies are usually carried out to elucidate a given situation, to make assessments in line with standards, and to reveal the relationships between events (Cepni, 2007). A concept is an abstract design that encompasses the common features of objects and events, and gathers them under a common name. Thus, a concept becomes a general and abstract representation of an object, situation or phenomenon. Concepts are divided in two as a priori and a posteriori. The subject of discourse of this study is a posteriori concepts, because the concept of "visual product" can be achieved by the method of induction, utilising observation and experience. In this procedure, first the multiplicity is researched and compared, and then the similarities, differences and variables are focused on in order to objectify the subject. At the last stage, the concept of "visual product" is obtained through abstraction, by discarding the variables and differences.
The continuity of the sports viewing product necessitates a definition of it. The visual product can be conceptualized as "an economic work, action, a performance, social event or an effort that is sustained by communication technology, even though it is consumed where it is produced."

https://ijaems.com/upload_images/issue_files/1 IJAEMS-AUG-2017-9-The Concept of Visual Product Concerning.pdf


The author analyzes the statistics of words and phrases related to financial market trading practices in millions of volumes from Google's book collection and available at Google Ngram Viewer. In recent almost 30 years, as the analyzed data shows, the scholars and practitioners' interest in the specific market strategies and technique shifted toward those more automotive, aggressive, speculative, but less dependent on fundamental analysis, information and data processing, and investors' reasoning and research. This shift may indicate the increasing share of unsophisticated investors trying to cover the lack of experience and professional knowledge through extensive use of technology-supported strategies. In a long-run perspective, this may generate the growth of market instability, risks, and uncertainty.<br>


Abstracts This paper reviews the relationship of information communication technology adoption (ICT) and Business Performance (BP) from women entrepreneur perspective in Malaysia and Indonesia. The aim of this paper is to identify the dimension of ICT adoption and BP to develop a conceptual framework for further study about the relationship to identify those that can determine women entrepreneur success. To achieve this objective, literature review is conducted by extend number of literature in ICT, BP, and women entrepreneur. Related studies are review and analyze by using literature table. The finding of this paper reveals a proposed conceptual framework and hypothesis that gain support from literature. The significant of this study is expected to provide guideline for women entrepreneurs in Malaysia and Indonesia who wish to adopt ICT in their business and help them to evaluate the relationship with BP. This study can assist women entrepreneurs in considering the adoption of Electronic commerce (EC) and Mobile commerce (MC) to embark themselves in technology and innovation. Further efforts are to test this conceptual framework and hypothesis by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to develop a research model. Key Words: ICT adoption, e-commerce, m-commerce, business performance, financial performance, non-financial performance.


The distribution of a solubilizate between micelles and the aqueous phase does not obey a simple partition law when a second solubilizate species is present. Alterations of the apparent partition coefficient cannot be explained in terms of a simple displacement mechanism, following the interaction of both solubilizates with the same site of the micelle. A non linear increase in solubilizate association to micelles following an increase in surfactant concentration is observed in the presence of a second solubilizate. A depression in the cloud point temperature follows the addition of a second species and is such that cannot be interpreted as a simple additive effect. Alteration of the apparent partition coefficient in a micellar solution has an effect on the permeation rate of the solubilizate across an artificial membrane. Bio‐pharmaceutical implications are discussed.


Researchers used videocomputer analysis to study the kinematics of jumping and the effects of three months of training in cosmonaut candidates. Biomechanical components of the movements were registered by stabilography and tensodynamography. Myotonography was used to monitor skeletal muscle responses.


The room-temperature second-, third- and fourth-order nonlinear dielectric constants of poled (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-xPbTiO3 single crystals were determined by measuring the dielectric response at a frequency of 10 kHz and under a dc bias of 0-1000 V/mm. Tunability of the apparent dielectric constant εr was also defined and examined. The results show the phase structure, domain state, composition and orientation dependences of the dielectric nonlinearity and tunability. It is also shown that the ⟨011⟩-poled monodomain orthorhombic ferroelectric 0.67 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.33 PbTiO3 single crystal has the largest nonlinear dielectric constants and the highest tunability of εr in the monodomain crystals. It could be a most promising candidate for applications where a high dielectric nonlinearity is needed.


BACKGROUND Several studies have employed animal models to explore the association between microbiota and interleukin (IL) 10 signaling; however, limited information is available about the human microbiome. AIM To characterize the microbiome in patients with IL10RA mutations and to explore the association between gut dysbiosis and disease severity. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from patients who were diagnosed with loss-of-function mutations in the IL10RA gene between January 2017 and July 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. Age-matched volunteer children were recruited as healthy controls. Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were used as disease controls to standardize the antibiotic exposure. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples. All analyses were based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. RESULTS Seventeen patients with IL10RA mutations (IL10RA group), 17 patients with pediatric CD, and 26 healthy children were included. Both patients with IL10RA mutations and those with CD exhibited a reduced diversity of gut microbiome with increased variability. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was substantially increased in the IL10RA group (P = 0.02). On further comparison of the relative abundance of taxa between patients with IL10RA mutations and healthy children, 13 taxa showed significant differences. The IL10RA-specific dysbiosis indices exhibited a significant positive correlation with weighted pediatric CD activity index and simple endoscopic score for CD. CONCLUSION In patients with IL10RA mutations and early onset inflammatory bowel disease, gut dysbiosis shows a moderate association with disease severity.


This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of expansion of the English language lexicon with the stress laid upon borrowings. It focuses on the development of borrowings with the main attention paid to contemporary English. The practical part describes magazines which were used for the analysis, then also the characteristics of Spanish, French and Japanese loanwords, charts showing their semantic fields and lexical categories as well as a description of findings.


The subject of Conflict‐Analysis and Resolution has received considerable attention in construction management. Providing measurement to tangibles and intangibles issues, involved in a conflict is not attempted often. The quantification of the perception of gains and losses for the parties involved in a conflict helps to analyze the issues scientifically, in a more logical manner. This paper presents the application of a decision‐making methodology, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), to conflict management. The objective of this paper is analyzing and resolving conflict aided by the quantification of gains and losses using the AHP. This methodology was applied to a real conflict situation between two government agencies in Kuwait.


We report on a study (N=36) of user preferences for balancing awareness with privacy. Participants defined permissions for sharing of location, availability, calendar information and instant messaging (IM) activity within an application called mySpace. MySpace is an interactive visualization of the physical workplace that provides dynamic information about people, places and equipment. We found a significant preference for defining privacy permissions at the group level. While "family" received high levels of awareness sharing, interestingly, "team" was granted comparable levels during business hours at work. Surprisingly, presenting participants with a detailed list of all pieces of personal context to which the system had access, did not result in more conservative privacy settings. Although location was the most sensitive aspect of awareness, participants were comfortable disclosing room-level location information to their team members at work. Our findings suggest utilizing grouping mechanisms to balance privacy control with configuration burden, and argue for increased system transparency to build trust.


: A case of acute infrarenal aortic dissection is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography, CT-scan, arteriography, and at operation. A successful aortobifemoral graft replacement was performed.


The relationship between gastrin levels and presence of Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) in dogs with acute or chronic gastritis was investigated. For this purpose, a total of 52 crossbred Kangal Dogs aging 2-5 years were used; including 12 dogs with acute gastritis, 25 dogs with chronic gastritis, and 15 healthy dogs. Blood samples were collected from the vena cephalica. Serum gastrin levels were measured using commercial competitive binding radioimmunoassay. HLO were found in 64%, 58.3%, and 60% of animals with chronic gastritis or acute gastritis, and controls, respectively. The gastrin levels in dogs with chronic gastritis were higher than in those with acute gastritis and controls. There were no significant differences between the gastrin levels in all groups, with regard to HLO positive versus HLO negative dogs. In conclusion, HLO incidence was generally found in high levels in all the dogs. However, HLO did not primarily affect the stomach mucosal damage. In the mean time, there was no relation between the levels of serum gastrin in dogs with gastritis, either being HLO positive or negative. The results of the study showed that higher gastrin levels in dogs with gastritis were related to severe gastric lesions and mucosal damage.


The low-SNR capacity of M-ary PSK transmission over both the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels is analyzed when hard-decision detection is employed at the receiver. Closed-form expressions for the first and second derivatives of the capacity at zero SNR are obtained. The spectral-efficiency/bit-energy tradeoff in the low-SNR regime is analyzed by finding the wideband slope and the bit energy required at zero spectral efficiency. Practical design guidelines are drawn from the information-theoretic analysis. The fading channel analysis is conducted for both coherent and noncoherent cases, and the performance penalty in the low-power regime for not knowing the channel is identified.


Established paralytic ileus, with gross distension and severe water and electrolyte depletion, is no longer a common post-operative complication. Nonetheless, bearing in mind those cases of frank ileus that still occur, and all those patients who develop ' wind' to a greater or lesser extent after operation, it is apparent that the problem of the return of normal intestinal motility after operation is one that demands conscious attention. Of greatest importance after abdominal operations, the problem is not confined to this branch of surgery, for ileus may develop after operations on the urinary system, on the female pelvic organs, and on the spine, and rarely following injury to the spine or abdominal organs or as a complication during the administration of certain drugs (e.g. mecamylamine hydrochloride). For many years the clinical features and pathological changes in paralytic ileus have been well recognized, but it is only comparatively recently that its aetiology has been understood and that it has been possible to plan rational prophylaxis and treatment. To a considerable extend the confusion surrounding the condition has stemmed from its misleading name. Paralytic ileus is, in fact, a functional obstruction of the intestines, with marked distension, usually of the entire small and large gut, by gas and fluid. Accordingly, the two main questions to be faced are: (i) Why is there a functional obstruction? (2) Why are the intestines distended? The statement of the problem in this form is important: in the past a failure to do so has led to a number of theories which postulate a flaccid paralysis of the intestines, resulting in no clearly defined way in a passive distension of the gut. But set out in this form much of the mystery is removed and replaced by two relatively clear-cut questions.


BACKGROUND
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the size of the sphenoid sinuses' ostia, the distance between them and the distance between the medial margin of the ostia and the median line in the Polish adult population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The analysis was undertaken as a retrospective study of 296 computed tomography (CT) scans of patients (147 females, 149 males) with no comorbidities in their sphenoid sinuses. The paranasal sinuses were investigated by using Spiral CT Scanner (Siemens Somatom Sensation 16), in the option Siemens CARE Dose 4D, without administering any contrast medium. Having obtained transverse planes, multiplans reconstruction tool was used in order to glean sagittal and frontal planes.

RESULTS
The average size of both sphenoid sinuses ostia was 0.31 cm for both genders (for females ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 cm and from 0.1 to 0.6 cm for males). The mean distance between both sphenoid sinuses ostia was 0.6 cm for both genders (the range for females was 0.1-1.4 cm, whereas 0.1-1.8 cm for males). The average distance between the medial margin of the ostium and the median line was 0.32 cm for both genders (0.31 cm for females in the range of 0-0.9 cm and 0.32 cm for males in the range of 0-1 cm).

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative identification of the sphenoid sinus ostia might prove difficult and their inadequate excision could lead to potential iatrogenic complications, hence detailed anatomical descriptions are still warranted in specific populations in order to perform safe and effective procedures.


Stroke is the cause of death and disability in the global population. Patients often suffer from strokes because poor living habits. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot topic in various fields, especially in medical applications. In this article, patient's physiological data is used to build model for predicting stroke in an artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANNs method proposed in this paper can reach about 98% in classification accuracy under the condition of 1000 times cross-validation.


This paper studies characteristics of optimal investment decisions of risk-averse firms who engage in exports under two types of risks: endogenous and background risks. While endogenous risk arises from the fluctuations in spot exchange rate and affects directly the profit of an exporting firm, background risk arises from uncertain changes in firm- and industry-specific domestic and foreign policies. We propose a mean-variance decision-theoretic model to trace out impact of perturbations in the distributions of these uncertainties on the optimal investment strategy. A testable empirical model is derived and applied to a panel of 840 exporting Indian manufacturing firms for the period 1995–2015. Our results suggest that Indian manufacturing exporters depict decreasing absolute risk aversion and that firms' risk preferences are prone to variance vulnerability.


An 84-year-old gentleman was referred to the chest clinic with low oxygen saturations on pulse oximetry. He reported breathlessness and wheeze since his retirement as a surveyor 16 years previously. His exercise tolerance was 350 m. He had pre-existing diagnoses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension. He had no avian or occupational exposures, a minimal smoking history while in his teens and had not smoked since, and no history of transient ischaemic attack or cerebrovascular accident.

On examination, he was comfortable with no respiratory distress but had slight peripheral cyanosis and oxygen saturations of 89% on room air. Auscultation of his chest revealed increased vocal fremitus and crackles over the right lower lobe with occasional wheeze.

The patient was investigated using lung function testing, capillary blood gas sampling, a chest radiograph and thoracic computed tomography (CT). His haemoglobin at presentation was 16.1 g·dL−1.

### Lung function

The results of the lung function investigations performed as shown in table 1. Supine and erect spirometry demonstrated oxygen saturations of 93% when lying down and 86% on sitting. There was no significant reversibility to 2.5 mg nebulised salbutamol.

View this table:

Table 1 Lung function

A capillary blood gas taken on air at rest showed an oxygen tension ( P O2) of 8.0 kPa (normal 12.0–15.0 kPa), a carbon dioxide tension ( P CO2) of 4.4 kPa (normal 4.5–6.1 kPa) and pH of 7.44 (normal 7.36–7.42).

### CT

CT images are shown in figure 1.

Figure 1
a) Axial and b) coronal CT slice.

### Task 1

1. What is seen on the initial CT scan (fig. 1).

2. What conditions can be associated with this?

3. Can you interpret the lung function results (table 1)?

### Answer 1

1. There is a 2-cm vascular abnormality in the right lower lobe consistent with a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM).

2. PAVMs are most commonly seen with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (>90%) and post-cardiac …


This paper represents the analysis of Tsvetaeva's poetic discourse, which is interpreted not as a collection of poetic texts of the author, but as a language domain functioning subject to special logic in the combination of meanings of the multivalent and diversely dependent word. Investigation of individual author's representations of the concept ′drugoy′ (another) allows defining the specific feature of the poet's speech, which reveals itself in overcoming the discoursecodification, in applying poetic approach to philosophical interpretation of the phenomenon and in «philosophication» of the poetic feeling. As an example of the above statements serve the poet's declarations of the precision of her own feelings which make «people take them for reasoning» [16; 4,2;12] and ultimate formulaicity of contemplations about love: «you, it's me + ability to love yourself. /.../ The Exteriorization of your own soul» [15; 318]. The broadening understanding of the poet as a linguistic personality, who is able to reveal the word's inner form (considered by P. Florensky as its «soul» and as a «fact of the personal spiritual life» of the speaker) shows us new vectors of interpretation and understanding of Tsvetaeva's works in different genres.


In southern Belgium, a brown hare (Lepus europaeus) was found moribund and killed for ethical reason. The animal was transmitted for postmortem examination. Major histopathological findings consisted of multifocal subacute necrotising meningitis and multifocal subacute necrotising orchitis. Infection with Francisella tularensis was confirmed by both bacteriological isolation and detection by real-time PCR. Further, subtyping of F tularensis colonies stated that it was F tularensis subspecies holarctica biovar I. It is the first case of tularaemia detected in wildlife in Belgium since 2003. The event pushed health professionals to communicate with hunters and other groups with outdoor activities about the Francisella risk and the ways to take care of it, such as wearing gloves to handle found-dead or hunted hares and taking protective measures against tick bites.


We study the asymptotic behavior of Maurey–Rosenthal type dominations for operators on Kothe function spaces which satisfy norm inequalities that define weak q -concavity properties. In particular, we define and study two new classes of operators that we call α -almost q -concave and qα -concave operators (1 ≤ q < ∞, 0 ≤ α < 1). We also provide a factorization theorem through real interpolation spaces for qα -concave operators. We also discuss some direct consequences of these results regarding the strong convergence of sequences on Kothe function spaces. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Periodontal disease is associated with other non-communicable diseases including diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, hypertension, and respiratory tract infections. This association merits careful study of the general population's awareness level in order to leverage the current state of science to improve general health and quality of life. This study included 502 residents of Saudi Arabia who received computer-assisted interviews to fill up the survey. Results indicated a low level of awareness among the study population regarding the association of periodontal disease to diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis, hypertension, and respiratory tract infections. A higher level of awareness was noticed with individuals with periodontal disease, themselves or a member of their family having a systemic disease, and who have a specialized person or scientific article as their source of information. This observed low level of awareness deserves the attention of public health authorities to prioritize programs that increase the awareness, improve health, and reduce burden of systemic diseases of high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality.


Immune responses are highly dynamic. The magnitude and efficiency of an immune response to a pathogen can change markedly across individuals, and such changes may be influenced by variance in a range of intrinsic (e.g. age, genotype, sex) and external (e.g. abiotic stress, pathogen identity, strain) factors. Life history theory predicts that up‐regulation of the immune system will come at a physiological cost, and studies have confirmed that increased investment in immunity can reduce reproductive output and survival. Furthermore, males and females often have divergent reproductive strategies, and this might drive the evolution of sex‐specific life history trade‐offs involving immunity, and sexual dimorphism in immune responses per se. Here, we employ an experiment design to elucidate dose‐dependent and sex‐specific responses to exposure to a nonpathogenic immune elicitor at two scales – the 'ultimate' life history and the underlying 'proximate' immune level in Drosophila melanogaster. We found dose‐dependent effects of immune challenges on both male and female components of reproductive success, but not on survival, as well as a response in antimicrobial activity. These results indicate that even in the absence of the direct pathogenic effects that are associated with actual disease, individual life histories respond to a perceived immune challenge – but with the magnitude of this response being contingent on the initial dose of exposure. Furthermore, the results indicate that immune responses at the ultimate life history level may indeed reflect underlying processes that occur at the proximate level.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Ovarian cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in Western Europe and the United States, which has the highest mortality rate of all gynecologic malignancy. Although more than 70% patients have increased 5-year survival rates after surgery followed by chemotherapy and second-line therapies, the low overall cure rates and the intolerable side effects of systemic chemotherapy asks for the development of novel and more effective pharmacological interventions. The increasing evidences suggest that receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation participates in the oncogenic progression from nonneoplastic mesothelial lining of the ovaries or the fallopian tube epithelium to epithelial ovarian cancer. The RTKs, including EGFR, ERBB2, PDGFR, VEGFR and MET, are activated in subsets of ovarian cancer, suggesting that these kinases might represent novel therapeutic targets. However, clinical trials have not or just partially shown benefit to ovarian cancers treated with EGFR, ERBB2, or PDGFR inhibitors. Despite multiple RTK activation in ovarian cancer pathogenesis, it is unclear whether transforming activity is dependent on an individual kinase oncoprotein or the coordinated activity of multiple kinases. We hypothesized that a coordinated network of multi-RTK activation is important for the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancers. Herein, we demonstrate co-activation of multiple RTKs (EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB4, MET and/or AXL) in individual ovarian cancer cell lines and primary tumors. We also show that coordinate inhibition of this multi-kinase signaling has substantially greater effect on ovarian cancer proliferation and survival, compared to inhibition of individual activated kinases. The inhibition of this multi-RTK signaling by HSP90 suppression results in profound pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects, and is associated with the inactivation of RTK downstream PI3-K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MAPK signaling. These studies suggest that anti-multiple RTK strategy could be useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1092. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1092


Comparison of myxosporidian species compositions in different flatfish species fro Peter the Great Bay showed that the flatfishes should be divided into three ecological groups--deep water (scaly-eyed plaice Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi, Korean flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri, flatheaded flounder Hippoglossoides dubius, and pinewood flounder Cleisthenes herzensteini), relatively coastal (yellow-finned sole Limanda aspera and brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini), and coastal (Japanese flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, long-snouted flounder Limanda punctatissimus, starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, and white-bellied flounder Lepidopsetta mochigarei). This division coincides in general with the previously proposed ecological classification based on the characteristics of bathymetric distribution and preference to water layers during summer period in the fishes.


From January 1985 to September 1988, 60 women with advanced breast cancer were randomized in two arms to receive: A) tamoxifen (TAM) (20 mg/die) until progression or B) TAM (20 mg/die for 14 days) then medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (1500 mg/die p.o. for 14 days) followed by 7 days of wash-out before repeating the TAM/MPA treatment. All patients were postmenopausal, previously untreated with hormone therapy, and with tumor receptor status determined immediately before randomization; all had objectively evaluable lesions. In order to verify hormone receptor variations due to the antiestrogen, when possible a second biopsy was performed after the initial 14 day cycle of TAM. Thirty-one and 29 patients were included respectively in arms A and B. Objective regression (CR+PR) was observed in 58% of group A and 75% of group B, with CR in 11% and 23%, respectively. Differences were not statistically significant. Median time to progression was 12 months for group A and 9 for group B. Overall survival has not yet been reached in group A while it was 34 months for patients of group B. Metrorrhagia was observed in two cases of group A and in 6 of group B, and thrombophlebitis in 1 and 3 cases, respectively. The second biopsy confirmed a clear increase of PgR content in 8/11 cases (75%). Plasma level variations of TAM, N-desmethyl TAM and MPA were checked at various intervals on 3 patients of group B, and confirmed that our schedule is able to produce a drug wash-out period for tumor cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that while the manipulation of hormone receptors seems possible, results indicating better overall survival and time to progression were not obtained with alternate sequential TAM-MPA therapy.


Objectives: Impact of eclectic therapy in treating irritable bowel syndrome. Aimsand Scope: To highlight the importance of Eclectic approach in order to form an ideal therapeuticplan to encounter specific needs of the patient with psychiatric illness. Background: Patientwas 22 years old young adult. Younger in family, raised in strict environment. Father had highexpectations with him, used to compare him with others. On his failures he used to discouragehim due to which client started to suppress his emotions. Client since two months began to havecomplaints of irritable bowel syndrome, his medical reports showed no signs of any physicalillness. Intervention and Plan: Client's psychological evaluation through psychometrics placedhim in the category of "mild depressive disorder". His emotional suppressions and low selfesteemwere the main reasons of "irritable bowel syndrome". Eclectic therapy was utilized suchas: family psycho-education, individual therapy, ABC model of CBT, problem solving strategies.Results: Client gradually started to open up with his emotional problems, family counselingplayed a role in modifying his parents' way of dealing with him. Both father and client began tohave healthy relations with each other. He started to sort his emotional complaints and otherlife problems. He gradually and efficiently became mentally relaxed and recovered his irritablebowel syndrome. Conclusion: It was concluded that eclectic therapy successfully helps clientsto achieve the solution of their psychological occurrence of symptoms and allows them toimprove successfully.


This study proposes a design and calibration method for a small-footprint, low-frequency, and low-power gate leakage timer using a differential leakage technique for IoT applications. The proposed gate leakage timer is different from conventional ones because it is composed of two leakage sources and exploits differential leakage current for the charging capacitor. This solution alleviates the inherent trade-off between small-footprint and low-frequency in the conventional gate leakage timer. Furthermore, a calibration method to suppress variations of the output frequency is proposed in this paper. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed gate leakage timer, a test chip was fabricated using 55-nm-DDC-CMOS technology. The test chip successfully demonstrates the highest figure of merit (FoM) of the product of the capacitor area (0.072 μm2) and output frequency (0.11 Hz), which corresponds to an improvement by a factor of 2,121 compared to the conventional one. It also demonstrates the operation with 4.5 pW power consumption. The total footprint can be reduced to be 28 μm2, which enables low-cost and low-power IoT edges. The scaling scenario shows that the proposed technique is conducive to technology scaling. key words: biosensor, CMOS, healthcare IoT, low-power technique, supply sensing


The study was conducted to examine the economics of egg production in Oyo state, Nigeria with a view to not only estimate the cost and return but to also identify the relationship between inputs and output of egg production. The population of the study consisted of registered poultry farmers with Poultry Association of Nigeria (PAN), Oyo state branch. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select 120 poultry farmers for the study. Well structured questionnaires were used to collect data and the data were analyzed using descriptive, multiple regression and gross margin methods. The descriptive statistics which measured the socioeconomic characteristics showed that majority (78.3%) of the respondents were male with mean age of 48 years. The findings further showed that feed (p<0.01), medication (p<0.05) and flock size (p<0.01) significantly affected egg production in Oyo state and all the significant variables had positive relationship with layers production. The cost and return analysis showed that egg production is a viable foray with profit margin of N316,080 per production season (100 layers). The major constraints of egg production were identified as high cost of inputs, limited finance and disease outbreak. Therefore, credit granting institutions should be strengthened to render special financial services to poultry farmers at low interest rate in order to enhance the viability and sustainability of the egg production in Oyo state.
Key words: Egg production; poultry farmers; economic analysis; Oyo state


Professional individuality of a specialist is under formation in a humanitarian educational paradigm. The main condition of such individuality is teacher"s attitude to reception of permanent feedback from a student, attitude to acquiring skills for interpreting a student"s standpoint on the information received and teacher"s ability to evaluate the hit ratio and expediency of instructional practices. Common teacher student creativity forms the socio-cultural and professional demands for a dialog. Creativity domain is an inseparable union for personal self-definition and professional activity.


In this paper, a method for efficient warp coding is presented. Coded warps are transmitted together with stereo or multi-view video to enable additional functionalities at the receiver-side through image-domain-warping, e.g. depth adaption for stereo displays or support of multi-view autostereoscopic displays. Warp coding is performed by partitioning warps using a resolution pyramid and predictively exploiting intra and inter partition dependencies. View synthesis is employed within the coding loop to control the overall coding process, i.e. to evaluate the contribution of coded partitions to the synthesis quality. It is shown that coded warps represent a practically negligible portion of about 3.6% of the overall (video+warp) bit rate. Furthermore, it is shown that a transmission of warps leads to a reduction of synthesis time up to a factor of 8 in comparison to a fully automatic receiver-side view synthesis which uses only decoded video as input.


Sarah Gilligan (pictured), a service manager at Oakwood Hall, a Community Links care home, says that for her, learning about Twitter was one of the main outcomes of the Leadership for Informed Practice programme.


The most common human leukemia is B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), which can have immunosuppressive effects. CLL cells share multiple phenotypic markers with B-1 B cells such as their surface expression of CD5. This study identifies some functional similarities between B-1 and CLL cells. B-1 B cells have been shown to produce a high level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) constitutively and upon toll-like receptor stimulation, a characteristic property of regulatory B cells. Eμ-Tcl1 mice, which express the Tcl1 oncogene in a B cell specific manner, spontaneously develop B-CLL. We show that Eμ-Tcl1 mouse B-CLL cells also produce IL-10 constitutively. The constitutively produced IL-10 was not required for CLL survival in vitro. This study describes a novel role of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway in constitutive IL-10 secretion by normal and malignant B-1 cells. Thus inhibition of Src family kinases, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) or Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), all of which are downstream of BCR, reduces constitutive IL-10 production by both normal and malignant B-1 cells. Analysis of a published microarray study showed that IL-10 levels were higher in peripheral blood of CLL patients than normal human blood samples, which correlated positively with STAT3 levels. Interestingly, we found that BCR signaling induced IL-10 production is independent of STAT3. Current studies are directed at understanding the mechanisms by which BCR signaling affects IL-10 production.


Nitrogen heterocycles play a vital role in pharmaceuticals and natural products, with the six-membered aromatic and aliphatic architectures being commonly used. While synthetic methods for aromatic N-heterocycles are well-established, the synthesis of their aliphatic functionalized analogues, particularly piperidine derivatives, poses a significant challenge. In that regard, we propose a stepwise dearomative functionalization reaction for the construction of highly decorated piperidine derivatives with diverse functional handles. We also discuss challenges related to site-selectivity, regio- and diastereoselectivity, and provide insights into the reaction mechanism through mechanistic studies and density functional theory computations.


G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) can lead to G protein and non-G protein initiated signals. By virtue of its structural property, the TSH receptor (TSHR) has a unique ability to engage different G proteins making it highly amenable to selective signaling. In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel small molecule agonist to the TSHR which induces primary engagement with Gαq/11. To identify allosteric modulators inducing selective signaling of the TSHR we used a transcriptional-based luciferase assay system with CHO-TSHR cells stably expressing response elements (CRE, NFAT, SRF, or SRE) that were capable of measuring signals emanating from the coupling of Gαs, Gαq/11, Gβγ, and Gα12/13, respectively. Using this system, TSH activated Gαs, Gαq/11, and Gα12/13 but not Gβγ. On screening a library of 50K molecules at 0.1,1.0 and 10 μM, we identified a novel Gq/11 agonist (named MSq1) which activated Gq/11 mediated NFAT-luciferase >4 fold above baseline and had an EC50= 8.3 × 10−9 M with only minor induction of Gαs and cAMP. Furthermore, MSq1 is chemically and structurally distinct from any of the previously reported TSHR agonist molecules. Docking studies using a TSHR transmembrane domain (TMD) model indicated that MSq1 had contact points on helices H1, H2, H3, and H7 in the hydrophobic pocket of the TMD and also with the extracellular loops. On co-treatment with TSH, MSq1 suppressed TSH-induced proliferation of thyrocytes in a dose-dependent manner but lacked the intrinsic ability to influence basal thyrocyte proliferation. This unexpected inhibitory property of MSq1 could be blocked in the presence of a PKC inhibitor resulting in derepressing TSH induced protein kinase A (PKA) signals and resulting in the induction of proliferation. Thus, the inhibitory effect of MSq1 on proliferation resided in its capacity to overtly activate protein kinase C (PKC) which in turn suppressed the proliferative signal induced by activation of the predomiant cAMP-PKA pathway of the TSHR. Treatment of rat thyroid cells (FRTL5) with MSq1 did not show any upregulation of gene expression of the key thyroid specific markers such as thyroglobulin(Tg), thyroid peroxidase (Tpo), sodium iodide symporter (Nis), and the TSH receptor (Tshr) further suggesting lack of involvement of MSq1 and Gαq/11 activation with cellular differentation. In summary, we identified and characterized a novel Gαq/11 agonist molecule acting at the TSHR and which showed a marked anti-proliferative ability. Hence, Gq biased activation of the TSHR is capable of ameliorating the proliferative signals from its orthosteric ligand and may offer a therapeutic option for thyroid growth modulation.


Abstract : We developed a novel dynamic loading/reloading experimental technique modified from a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to determine the dynamic properties and to record the damage/failure modes in the ceramic specimen, in which a ceramic specimen was loaded by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of the intact ceramic material and then crushes the specimen to a desired damage level. The second pulse then determines the dynamic compressive constitutive behavior of the damaged but still interlocked ceramic specimen. The first pulses were slightly varied to control the damage levels in the ceramic specimen while the second pulse was maintained identical. The damage modes in a hot-pressed silicon carbide (SiC-N) specimen have been correlated to its dynamic compressive response at high strain rates. The results show that the compressive strengths of damaged ceramics depend on a critical level of damage, below which the specimen retains its load-bearing capacity and only axial cracks are observed in the specimen. When the specimen is critically damaged, axial cracks and isolated pulverized regions are observed. When the specimen id damaged beyond the critical level, the ceramic specimen is crushed into cracked particles with pulverized (comminuted) materials along the particle boundaries, which displays a granular flow behavior in its stress-strain curve.


Composition–activity relationship (CAR) modeling is a novel and appropriate method to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for it can correlate the chemical constituents of TCMs with their bioactivity. In this paper, we studied the relationship between the antitumor activity on HeLa cells and the curcuminoids from thirty one batches of Curcuma longa L. using support vector regression (SVR) models. Two types of SVR models (e-SVR and ν-SVR) combined with three kernel functions—a LKF (linear kernel function), a PKF (polynomial kernel function) or a RBKF (radial basis kernel function)—were employed. Three algorithms—a GA (genetic algorithm), a PSO (particle swarm optimization), or a GSA (grid search algorithm)—were adopted to determine the optimal parameters automatically. The results revealed that the e-SVR-RBKF-PSO model had the best model performance with a high correlation coefficient (Q = 0.9297) and a low mean square error (MSE = 0.0138) between the experimental and predicted values. This indicated that the model was able to predict the antitumor activity of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. with a high degree of accuracy. Therefore, CAR modeling could be a useful tool in the quality control of TCMs.


In this article, the authors review the relationship between the Commission, the national regulatory authorities (NRAs) and national courts in light of the Commission's proposals for reform as laid out in the 2006 Review. They focus upon the Article 7 and Article 4 procedures of Directive 2002/21. They conclude that the Commission proposals leave key questions and their implications outside of discussion and fail to address core issues such as the standard of assessment under Article 7, the accountability for decisions taken upstream of the NRA, and the scope and depth of judicial review.


Data compression is used operationally to reduce bandwidth and storage requirements. An efficient method for achieving lossless weather radar data compression is presented. The characteristics of the data are taken into account and the optical linear prediction is used for the PPI images in the weather radar data in the proposed method. The next PPI image is identical to the current one and a dramatic reduction in source entropy is achieved by using the prediction algorithm. Some lossless compression methods are used to compress the predicted data. Experimental results show that for the weather radar data, the method proposed in this paper outperforms the other methods. Keywords—Lossless Compression; Weather Radar Data; Optical Linear Prediction; PPI image.


Currently there is an acute shortage of fibres and proteins in the human diet, resulting in various diseases. The modern market needs a product capable of diversifying the range in the sector of functional, dietary flour confectionery. To this end, the article shows one of the ways to improve the macronutrient composition of waffles, especially with regard to the protein-carbohydrate component of the product. Laboratory analysis showed that the introduction of pea protein, chicory root syrup and apple fiber into the composition of flour and confectionery increased protein content by 3.3% in wafers made of rice flour only and by 5.6% in waffles made of a mixture of whole grains and rice flour. The amount of sucrose decreased in «Rice» waffles by 2.6% and by 2.3% in «Wheat-rice» waffles, and the amount of fiber on average is 3-4 times more, compared to the control sample. In comparison with the control sample, increased the average number of essential amino acids such as: lysine – in 1.5 times; phenylalanine – in 1.25 times; leucine and isoleucine – in 0.8 times; methionine – in 1.5 times, threonine – in 3 times. Thus, the study resulted in the development of dietary plant based soft waffles with improved macronutrient composition, able to expand the range of functional products and can be recommended for dietary nutrition.


Introduction Geographical barriers and impaired physical mobility among people with Parkinson's disease (PD) hinder their timely access to speech pathology services. We compared the costs of delivering a speech treatment via in-person consultation versus telerehabilitation. Methods We used data from a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial delivering the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD®), where patients with dysarthria associated with PD were assigned to either the urban in-person group (N = 16) or the urban online group (N = 15), supplemented with a non-randomised group (regional online; N = 21). We compared costs over a one-month treatment period from a health-system perspective and a patient perspective. Results The mean treatment costs of both urban online ($1076) and regional ($1206) treatments tended to be slightly higher than urban in-person ($1020) from a health-system perspective. From a patient perspective, the mean treatment cost was $831 in the urban in-person group, $247 in the urban online group and $200 in the regional group. Discussion LSVT LOUD® may be delivered via telerehabilitation at a slightly higher cost than in-person delivery from a health-system perspective, but it is cost saving from a patient perspective. Telerehabilitation is an economically beneficial alternative for the delivery of the LSVT LOUD® programme in PD patients with speech disorders.


Tumor-induced angiogenesis leads to the development of leaky tumor vessels devoid of structural and morphological integrity. Due to angiogenesis, elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and low blood perfusion emerge as common properties of the tumor microenvironment that act as barriers for drug delivery. In order to overcome these barriers, normalization of vasculature is considered to be a viable option. However, insight is needed into the phenomenon of normalization and in which conditions it can realize its promise. In order to explore the effect of microenvironmental conditions and drug scheduling on normalization benefit, we build a mathematical model that incorporates tumor growth, angiogenesis and IFP. We administer various theoretical combinations of antiangiogenic agents and cytotoxic nanoparticles through heterogeneous vasculature that displays a similar morphology to tumor vasculature. We observe differences in drug extravasation that depend on the scheduling of combined therapy; for concurrent therapy, total drug extravasation is increased but in adjuvant therapy, drugs can penetrate into deeper regions of tumor.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness of goniotomy for childhood glaucoma in Indian eyes. Methods: Consecutive patients with pediatric glaucoma who underwent goniotomy between July 2017 and June 2020, in a single center in Northwest India were prospectively analyzed. Goniotomy was done as a primary procedure or a re-do surgery of the untreated angle in failed filtering surgery. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) ≦18 mm Hg with or without 2 topical medications. Results: A total of 172 eyes of 126 children underwent goniotomy during this period (37.9% of all pediatric glaucoma surgeries). Goniotomy comprised 132 of 211 (62.5%) primary pediatric glaucoma surgeries and 40 of 243 (16.5%) re-do surgeries. 145, 112, and 54 eyes had a six months, 1-year and 2-year follow-up, respectively. At 1 year, success rates in Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) were 79.7% for primary surgery and 68.4% for re-do surgery. For non-PCG eyes, the success rate was 62% at 1 year. Among PCG subgroups, infantile and newborn glaucoma had 87.5% and 57.1% success rates, respectively. On logistic regression analysis, lower baseline IOP and lesser axial length at presentation were significantly predictive of successful outcomes (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). At 1 year, in the primary surgery group, 50% had good vision (better than logMAR 0.5), 28.9% had moderate (better than LOGMAR 1.0) and 20% had severe visual impairment. There were no significant intraoperative or post-operative complications. Conclusion: Goniotomy appears to be an effective surgery for childhood glaucoma in Indian eyes. Being minimally invasive, it obviates the need for conjunctival and scleral dissection and antifibrotic agents.