The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tooth agenesis, tooth malformation, and eruption patterns of upper canines/first premolars in Taiwanese children. A total of 132 cleft lip and cleft palate (CLCP) patients (82 boys and 50 girls) underwent alveolar bone grafting (ABG) between 2012 and 2022. The patients' dental records and X-ray images were inspected. We examined dental anomalies, including congenital missing teeth, microdontia, and transposition from the upper canines to the upper first premolars in these CLCP patients. Additionally, we investigated the mean ABG operation age (9.27 ± 0.76 years) of our patient; 40.9% of them received pre-ABG orthodontic treatment at 8.72 ± 0.70 years. Among the 132 cleft subjects, the prevalence of tooth agenesis is 73.5% (97/132). The most frequently missing teeth are the maxillary lateral incisors (right side: 46.2%; left side: 47.0%). In this study, microdontia are found in all the upper incisors, of which the highest percentage (18.9%) is observed in the upper left lateral incisors. The prevalence of upper canine and first premolar transposition is 10.6%. The pattern of tooth agenesis and microdontia of the upper lateral incisors shows a strong correlation with the cleft sites of these CLCP patients in our study. These results may support the idea that the patterns of dental anomalies in CLCP patients are region-specific.


T cell-based immunotherapies are at the forefront of an emerging wave of medical discovery focused on harnessing the power of the immune system to treat cancer and other immune disorders. The most dramatic clinical outcome in this new era of cancer treatment has been seen in clinical trials evaluating autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy for the treatment of refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia where complete responses have reproducibly occurred in 80-90% of patients. While patient-specific CAR therapy hold great promise as a potentially curative therapeutic option, several obstacles hamper its range of application including the challenge of controlling the T cell product consistency, the inherent variability of manipulating a heterogenous cellular population and the inability to create the quantity of CAR T cells needed to support a wide patient base. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived T cells represent a practical and sustainable source of highly defined lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapy. We previously demonstrated a cellular reprogramming platform supporting the efficient derivation of naive state, self-renewing, clonal hiPSC lines that can be effectively engineered with multi-gene and multi-loci targeting strategies. In addition, guided by a small molecule stage-specific differentiation protocol to derive definitive hemogenic endothelium, we have previously developed a highly efficient and scalable hiPSC differentiation system that delivers a consistent and reproducible source of cellular material for further hematopoietic specification. We have also previously demonstrated that hiPSCs reprogrammed from T cells encoding a rearranged endogenous αβTCR (TiPSCs) can generate effector T lymphocytes that, when engineered with a CD19-specific CAR, confer antigen-specific cytotoxic activity against CD19-expressing tumors in vivo. However, the derived T cells appeared skewed both phenotypically and functionally towards an innate γδ T cell subset expressing the CD8αα co-receptor, and were unable to induce complete tumor regression as seen with primary CDαβ CAR T cells. Therefore, to capitalize on the therapeutic potential of TiPSC-derived T cells, it is essential to generate CD8αβ-expressing CTLs. Through specific modulation of the Notch and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways, we have now developed a directed TiPSC differentiation protocol that recapitulates the developmental stages of T cell commitment and have generated CD4 - CD8αβ + single positive T lymphocytes as defined by phenotype and gene expression profile analysis. In vitro assays validate the functionality of these TiPSC-derived T lymphocytes as demonstrated by proliferation in response to CD3/CD28 stimulation (>90% entry into cell cycle), upregulation of activation markers CD25 and CD69 (>50%, >90% respectively), production of the T cell effector cytokines IL2, IFNγ and TNFα (>70%, >30%, >90% respectively) and the release of the cytolytic proteins Granzyme B and Perforin upon target cell engagement. Utilizing our directed TiPSC differentiation platform, a single TiPSC clone produces a clonal and expandable CD4 - CD8αβ + CTL population, wherein greater than 5x10 6 CD4 - CD8αβ + T cells are derived from the single input TiPSC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CAR-TiPSC can also differentiate efficiently into CD4 - CD8αβ + T cells using our directed differentiation protocol and these CD4 - CD8αβ + CAR T cells target tumor in an antigen specific manner, 70% lysis of CD19 + Raji vs. 5% CD19 - Raji, 77% lysis of CD19 + NALM6 vs. 10% CD19 - NALM6. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are ongoing and will be discussed. In summary, the advances presented here demonstrate the combination of engineered hiPSC clones, T cell differentiation and CAR-T technologies to produce a renewable source of off-the-shelf engineered T cells for cancer immunotherapies. Disclosures Clarke: Fate Therapeutics Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Chang: Fate Therapeutics Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Sasaki: Fate Therapeutics Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lee: Fate Therapeutics Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lan: Fate Therapeutics Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Valamehr: Fate Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership.


This report is the product of an Environment Agency (EA) contract co-funded by the British Geological Survey (NERC) to review and collate information regarding atmospheric and terrestrial nutrient loading at groundwater dependent terrestrial ecosystems (GWDTEs) in both England and Wales (the inclusion of Welsh sites are covered by the co-funding from BGS and not from EA funding. Many GWDTEs are low nutrient systems therefore any increase in loading can have a detrimental effect upon the ecology. In order to better protect GWDTEs in England and Wales it has become increasingly important to understand the sources of nutrients so that effective regulation and management can be applied to return the GWDTEs into favourable condition. This report highlights many knowledge gaps and also provides the first comparison of two national assessments, Critical Load (assessment of atmospheric deposition) and Threshold Value (assessment of groundwater nitrate levels). It shows that nearly 90% of the GWDTEs in England and Wales exceed their Critical Load for atmospheric deposition. Implications for future Water Framework Directive classification cycles are highlighted. Suggestions are made for suitable GWDTEs to be included in a future research project. The project will aim to provide a methodology to define source attribution from both atmospheric and terrestrial nutrients, enabling environment managers to make effective decisions to project GWDTEs.


Behavioral economics is an increasingly influential field across the social sciences, including public administration. But while some behavioral economics ideas have spread rapidly in public administration research, we argue that a broader range of behavioral economics concepts can and should be applied. We begin by outlining some central models and concepts from behavioral economics to fix ideas, including the rational model and the "behavioral" response. We then discuss how a variety of heretofore underutilized behavioral economics concepts can be applied to a specific area of work in public administration – bureaucratic decision making. Our aim in doing so is two-fold. First, we hope to provide fresh food for thought for researchers and practitioners working in the broader behavioral public administration space. Second, we hope to demonstrate that there is substantial scope for expanding behavioral economics' influence on public administration research.


Balancing exploration and exploitation has been an important problem in both game tree search and automated planning. However, while the problem has been extensively analyzed within the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) literature, the planning community has had limited success when attempting to apply those results. We show that a more detailed theoretical understanding of MAB literature helps improve existing planning algorithms that are based on Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) / Trial Based Heuristic Tree Search (THTS). In particular, THTS uses UCB1 MAB algorithms in an ad hoc manner, as UCB1's theoretical requirement of fixed bounded support reward distributions is not satisfied within heuristic search for classical planning. The core issue lies in UCB1's lack of adaptations to the different scales of the rewards. We propose GreedyUCT-Normal, a MCTS/THTS algorithm with UCB1-Normal bandit for agile classical planning, which handles distributions with different scales by taking the reward variance into consideration, and resulted in an improved algorithmic performance (more plans found with less node expansions) that outperforms Greedy Best First Search and existing MCTS/THTS-based algorithms (GreedyUCT,GreedyUCT*).


We investigate nicely embedded H--holomorphic maps into stable Hamiltonian three--manifolds. In particular we prove that such maps locally foliate and satisfy a no--first--intersection property. Using the compactness results of arXiv:0904.1603 we show that connected components of the space of such maps can be compactified if they contain a global surface of section. As an application we prove that any contact structure on a 3--manifold admits and H--holomorphic open book decomposition. This work is motivated by the program laid out by Abbas, Cieliebak and Hofer to give a proof to the Weinstein conjecture using holomorphic curves. The results in this paper, with the exception of the compactness statement, have been independently obtained by C. Abbas in arXiv:0907.3512.


The assessment of the quality of isochromatic tables can only be empirical. Since their principal use, however, is for the detection of grossly colour-defective individuals who, by confusing red and green, are a danger to, and endangered by, modern traffic, a merely superficial test may provide a sufficiently valid result. But when a detailed answer is desirable, as when a certain amount of colour confusion can be tolerated, it will be found that clear-cut answers are obtained but rarely.


Aim To assess whether altitude changes in the distribution of butterflies during the second half of the 20th century are consistent with climate warming scenarios. Location The Czech Republic. Methods Distributional data were taken from a recent butterfly distribution atlas, which maps all Czech butterflies using a grid of 10 ′ longitude to 6 ′ latitude, equivalent to about 11.1 × 12 km. Cell altitude was used as an independent variable, and altitudinal ranges of individual species (less migrants, extinct species, recent arrivals and extremely rare species) in 1950‐80 vs. 1995‐2001 and in 1950‐80, 1981‐94, 1995‐ 2001 were compared using U -tests and linear regressions. Results Of 117 ( U -tests) and 119 (regressions) species, we found significant uphill increases in 15 and 12 species, respectively. The two groups were nested; none ( U -test) and one (regression) species showed a significant altitudinal decrease. Binomial tests of frequencies of signs of the U -tests and regression coefficients, including nonsignificant ones, also showed that the increases prevailed. The mean and median of the significant shifts were 60 and 90 m, respectively, and the maximum shift per species was 148 m. The recording effort in individual time periods was not biased with respect to altitude. Main conclusion Altitude shifts in the distribution of Czech butterflies are already detectable on the coarse scales of standard distribution maps. The increasing species do not show any consistent pattern in habitat affiliations, conservation status and mountain vs. nonmountain distribution, which renders climatic explanation as the most likely cause of the distributional shifts.


Ion exchange accompanied by a neutralization reaction has been analyzed for the general cases where the bulk solution contains a neutral salt and an acid or a base, e.g., [R · H] + (NaCl + NaOH). Both intraparticle and liquid film diffusion are considered. The Nernst-Planck equation was applied for the fluxes of the ionic species in the liquid film and the resin phase with a mobile reaction plane in the liquid film. When the solution contains acid or base more than 50%, the exchange rate is approximated by the case for pure acid or base solution: the reaction plane is located at the solid/liquid interface. When the solution contains acid or base less than 50% (this situation is generally encountered in the case where a neutral salt flows through a mixed bed of OH-form and H-form resins), the mobile reaction plane should be considered. When the ratio of intraparticle diffusion resistance to liquid diffusion resistance defined in the text is larger than 2, the exchange rate can be approximated by intraparticle diffusion control. The larger the ratio, the faster the reaction plane moves to the resin particle surface. Experimental uptake curves for the ion exchange systems [R · H] + (NaCl + NaOH) and [R · OH] + (NaCl + HCl) confirm the above conclusions.


Owing to rapid growth in the elucidation of genome sequences of various organisms, deducing proteome sequences has become imperative, in order to have an improved understanding of biological processes. Since the traditional Edman method was unsuitable for high-throughput sequencing and also for N-terminus modified proteins, mass spectrometry (MS) based methods, mainly based on soft ionization modes: electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, began to gain significance. MS based methods were adaptable for high-throughput studies and applicable for sequencing N-terminus blocked proteins/peptides too. Consequently, over the last decade a new discipline called 'proteomics' has emerged, which encompasses the attributes necessary for high-throughput identification of proteins. 'Proteomics' may also be regarded as an offshoot of the classic field, 'biochemistry'. Many protein sequencing and proteomic investigations were successfully accomplished through MS dependent sequence elucidation of 'short proteolytic peptides (typically: 7–20 amino acid residues), which is called the 'shotgun' or 'bottom-up (BU)' approach. While the BU approach continues as a workhorse for proteomics/protein sequencing, attempts to sequence intact proteins without proteolysis, called the 'top-down (TD)' approach started, due to ambiguities in the BU approach, e.g., protein inference problem, identification of proteoforms and the discovery of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). The high-throughput TD approach (TD proteomics) is yet in its infancy. Nevertheless, TD characterization of purified intact proteins has been useful for detecting PTMs. With the hope to overcome the pitfalls of BU and TD strategies, another concept called the 'middle-down (MD)' approach was put forward. Similar to BU, the MD approach also involves proteolysis, but in a restricted manner, to produce 'longer' proteolytic peptides than the ones usually obtained in BU studies, thereby providing better sequence coverage. In this regard, special proteases (OmpT, Sap9, IdeS) have been used, which can cleave proteins to produce longer proteolytic peptides. By reviewing ample evidences currently existing in the literature that is predominantly on PTM characterization of histones and antibodies, herein we highlight salient features of the MD approach. Consequently, we are inclined to claim that the MD concept might have widespread applications in future for various research areas, such as clinical, biopharmaceuticals (including PTM analysis) and even for general/routine characterization of proteins including therapeutic proteins, but not just limited to analysis of histones or antibodies.


Per-flow traffic measurement is critical for usage accounting, traffic engineering, and anomaly detection. Previous methodologies are either based on random sampling (e.g., Cisco's NetFlow), which is inaccurate, or only account for the "elephants". We introduce a novel technique for measuring per-flow traffic approximately, for all flows regardless of their sizes, at very high-speed (say, OC768). The core of this technique is a novel data structure called space code bloom filter (SCBF). A SCBF is an approximate representation of a multiset; each element in this multiset is a traffic flow and its multiplicity is the number of packets in the flow. The multiplicity of an element in the multiset represented by SCBF can be estimated through either of two mechanisms-maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) or mean value estimation (MVE). Through parameter tuning, SCBF allows for graceful tradeoff between measurement accuracy and computational and storage complexity. SCBF also contributes to the foundation of data streaming by introducing a new paradigm called blind streaming. We evaluate the performance of SCBF through mathematical analysis and through experiments on packet traces gathered from a tier-1 ISP backbone. Our results demonstrate that SCBF achieves reasonable measurement accuracy with very low storage and computational complexity


By introducing differential amplified spontaneous emission intensity, numerical calculations for both homogeneously and Doppler broadened lines, and using the reported experimental measurements of the amplified spontaneous emission intensity and linewidth, we managed to explain the linewidth behavior, and calculate the intrinsic linewidth due to Voigt-profile width in an argon X-ray laser operating at 440 × 10–3 torr argon pressure and current of 21 kA. For the calculation, the intensity rate equation, along with the model of geometrically dependent gain coefficient were applied. The calculated value of the intrinsic linewidth was found to be 55.67 mÅ, which is very close to the Doppler broadened line of 53.52 mÅ. That is, the collision broadening has a very small contribution to the light-matter interaction in argon X-ray lasers. Details of the procedure used for the calculation will be presented in this paper.


A new family of 2p-3d-4f hetero-tri-spin complexes [Ln(hfac)3 {Cu(hfac)2 (NIT-3 PyPh)}2 ] (Ln=Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3), Ho (4); NIT-3 PyPh=2-[4-(3-pyridinylmethoxy)phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) have been synthesized. Four complexes possess a 1D chain structure in which two radical ligands join two Cu(hfac)2 molecules to form a [{Cu(hfac)2 -rad)}2 ] dimer cycle and the dimer rings are linked by Ln(hfac)3 units. Magnetic studies show that ferromagnetic exchange couplings exist between the coordinated NO groups of radical ligands and metal ions. Field-induced slow relaxation of the magnetization was observed in the Tb and Dy compounds.


We develop a Hamiltonian formulation of the Bianchi type I spacetime in conformal gravity - the theory described by the Lagrangian , which involves the quadratic curvature invariant constructed from the Weyl tensor, in a four-dimensional spacetime. We derive the explicit forms of the super-Hamiltonian and of the constraint expressing the conformal invariance of the theory and we write down the system of canonical equations. To seek out exact solutions of this system we add extra constraints on the canonical variables and we go through a global involution algorithm which eventually leads to the closure of the constraint algebra. The Painleve approach provides us with a proof of non-integrability, as a consequence of the presence of movable logarithms in the general solution of the problem. We extract all possible particular solutions that may be written in closed analytical form. This enables us to demonstrate that the global involution algorithm has brought forth the complete list of exact solutions that may be written in closed analytical form. We discuss the conformal relationship, or absence thereof, of our solutions with Einstein spaces.


Run it Down the Flagpole: Britain in the Sixties. By Bernard Levin. (New York: Athenaeum, 1971. Pp. 451. $8.95.) Among the thousand and one developments that Bernard Levin discerns in Britain in the 'sixties is the decline of the written word "almost as if newspapers' managements and editors were determined to prove Marshall McLuhan right: by the end of the decade the number of journalists whose chief drawing power lay in their prose style had fallen catastrophically" (pp. 342-343). In that case Levin himself is, to use a favorite geological simile, "one of those granite survivals from the Jurassic Age which are occasionally to be found sticking up out of the more recent deposits" (p. 302) in the Holocene press of modern London. For his chief drawing power undoubtedly is his mastery of the written language. Clause upon clause, interwoven with subclauses, bracketed asides, and strings of well-chosen adjectives are used to construct sentences of great length and complexity but great charm and easy flow. Irony, wit, and the imaginative combination of the apparently dissimilar lace the mixture. Readers of Levin's columns in the London Times (he has quit the Daily Mail since the publisher's blurb for this book was written, to the enrichment of the Top People of Britain) should need no further recommendation than his authorship; for the rest let me state that, of all the books I have reviewed, this is the one which I probably enjoyed most reading.


The effective utilization of biomass and the purification of dye wastewater are urgent problems. In this study, a biomass aerogel (CaCO3@starch/polyacrylamide/TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose, CaCO3@STA/PAM/TOCN) was prepared by combining nanocellulose with starch and introducing calcium carbonate nanoparticles, which exhibited a rich three-dimensional layered porous structure with a very light mass. Starch and nanocellulose can be grafted onto the molecular chain of acrylamide, while calcium carbonate nanopores can make the gel pore size uniform and have excellent swelling properties. Here, various factors affecting the adsorption behavior of this aerogel, such as pH, contact time, ambient temperature, and initial concentration, are investigated. From the kinetic data, it can be obtained that the adsorption process fits well with the pseudo-second-order. The Langmuir isotherm model can fit the equilibrium data well. The thermodynamic data also demonstrated the spontaneous and heat-absorbing properties of anionic and cationic dyes on CaCO3@STA/PAM/TOCN aerogels. The adsorption capacity of Congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) by CaCO3@STA/PAM/TOCN was 277.76 mg/g and 101.01 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, cellulose and starch-based aerogels can be considered promising adsorbents for the treatment of dye wastewater.


The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of medical services utilization during the last six months of life. Subjects were 150 elderly who lived in a community and died in 1990. By each subject's medical claims during the last six months of life, the number of hospital days, the number of visits for ambulatory care, the number of physicians' and nurses' visits for home care, medical expenditure, and the utilization of medical care activities were measured as utilization variables. Subjects were classified into four subgroups by the combination of cancer and cerebrovascular disease. These diseases have an important impact on medical services utilization during the last six months of life. Utilization variables of each subgroup were compared. The findings were as follows; 1. During the last six months of life, hospital stays of cerebrovascular disease patients were for long periods, while cancer patients frequently and repeatedly changed the place of care between hospital and home. 2. The number of visits for ambulatory care and the number of medical care providers utilized by cancer patients were greater than that of cerebrovascular disease patients. Cerebrovascular disease patients whose stay at the hospital was short made greater use of physicians' and nurses' visit for home care. 3. The medical expenditure of cancer patients was higher than that of cerebrovascular disease patients, although the number of hospital days of cancer patients was less. 4. Most of the cancer patients utilized transfusion and urological treatment. These results suggest that the utilization of medical care activities of cancer patients was more intensive than that of cerebrovascular disease patients. However cancer patients made little use of resuscitation procedures.


Work engagement refers to an active energetic state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Despite practitioner's attention for work engagement, few public administration scholars have studied public servants' work engagement empirically. The goal of this study is to extend the job demands–resources (JD-R) model of work engagement using insights from the public administration literature. The analysis of a large-scale survey (N = 9,465) shows that (a) work and personal resources, including public service motivation, are positively related to work engagement; (b) red tape moderates these relationships; and (c) work engagement mediates the relationship between JD-R and job outcomes. In conclusion, public organizations can potentially increase work engagement and inherently employee outcomes by increasing work-related resources (autonomy, cooperation with colleagues) and selecting personnel with a proactive personality and high levels of public service motivation.


High-speed rail (HSR) systems potentially provide a more efficient way of door-to-door transportation than airplane. However, they also pose unprecedented challenges in delivering seamless Internet service for on-board passengers. In this paper, we conduct the first large-scale disconnection-centric measurement study of TCP performance over LTE on HSR. Our measurement targets the main HSR route in China operating at 300/350 km/h. We performed extensive data collection obtaining 378.3 GB data collected over 56639 km of trips. Leveraging such a unique dataset, we measure important performance metrics such as TCP goodput, latency and loss rate across different congestion control algorithm, mobile carrier, and different train speed. We further develop the LTE disconnection taxonomy, and conduct a in-depth correlation study between TCP stall and LTE disconnection. Our findings reveal the networking performance on today's HSR environment "in the wild", as well as identify several root causes of performance inefficiencies, which together highlight the need to develop dedicated protocol mechanisms that are friendly to extreme mobility.


Designing and maintaining a software system's architecture typically involve making numerous design decisions, each potentially affecting the system's functional and nonfunctional properties. Understanding these design decisions can help inform future decisions and implementation choices and can avoid introducing regressions and architectural inefficiencies later. Unfortunately, design decisions are rarely well documented and are typically a lost artifact of the architecture creation and maintenance process. The loss of this information can thus hurt development. To address this shortcoming, we develop RecovAr, a technique for automatically recovering design decisions from the project's readily available history artifacts, such as an issue tracker and version control repository. RecovAr uses state-of-the-art architectural recovery techniques on a series of version control commits and maps those commits to issues to identify decisions that affect system architecture. While some decisions can still be lost through this process, our evaluation on Hadoop and Struts, two large open-source systems with over 8 years of development each and, on average, more than 1 million lines of code, shows that RecovAr has the recall of 75% and a precision of 77%. Our work formally defines architectural design decisions and develops an approach for tracing such decisions in project histories. Additionally, the work introduces methods to classify whether decisions are architectural and to map decisions to code elements. Finally, our work contributes a methodology engineers can follow to preserve design-decision knowledge in their projects.


In this paper, a multi-scale modeling approach is used to study the effect of adding graphene sheets to concrete matrix on the thermal conductivity of the concrete. By computing the thermal conductivity of the graphene along the armchair and zigzag directions using molecular dynamics (MO) simulations, it is shown that the graphene sheets have orthotropic thermal behavior. Therefore, at the upper scale, in which the finite element (FE) method is used to obtain the thermal conductivity of the concrete/graphene nanocomposites, the graphene sheets are considered as orthotropic continuous sheets. It is shown that the improvement of the concrete thermal conductivity by adding the graphene sheets is directly related to the graphene sheet volume percentage and cross-sectional dimensions.


Intracranial germ cell tumours are rare. The incidence of primary intracranial yolk sac tumour is even more uncommon, with only two reported cases being associated with Down's syndrome in the English literature. This report details the findings of yolk sac tumour in the pineal region affecting a 22 year old Chinese man with Down's syndrome. Histology revealed yolk sac tumour with only a solid pattern, potentially mimicking the more common germinoma in the pineal region. No other germ cell components were identified. This is the third report of intracranial yolk sac tumour manifesting in a patient with trisomy 21. The pathology of this tumour and its differential diagnoses are discussed.


In this article I wish to assist in clarifying why, and in what way, the cultivation of mindfulness and wisdom as understood within the Buddhist worldview can promote ethical conduct. As mindfulness is a Buddhist concept that is part of a larger Buddhist system of thought, a better understanding of the Buddhist worldview and the context in which the concept of mindfulness emerged may help us go further in understanding how Buddhist philosophy and practice can help foster ethical behavior. It will allow us to create new synthesis between the Buddhist worldview and the quest for ethical conduct in Western traditions, including in the legal profession. I will suggest that Buddhist mindfulness and wisdom should not be considered helpful only in terms of compliance to ethical rules, but from a more foundational perspective, of cultivating a mindset, a being-in-the-world that sees clearly the nature of being and brings one to spontaneously act in an ethical manner as well as to manage emotions in negotiation in a skillful manner.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Stroke is a disease with high morbidity, disability, and fatality. Since ischemic stroke is the most common kind of stroke, increasing attention has been paid to its prevention and treatment. Given the limitations of conventional medicine, there is growing interest in Chinese Medicine (CM), especially Chinese Patent Medicine (CPM) for its convenience and stability. Studies of CM show that Chinese Patent Medicines for Tonifying Qi and Promoting Blood Circulation (CPMs-TQPBC) are one of the most common and effective categories of all clinical CPMs in China.

METHODS
This review investigated and summarized the randomized controlled trials (RCT) of CPMs-TQPBC combined with conventional interventions in the last 10 years.

RESULTS
Trial results demonstrated the potential in reducing the endpoints and improving neurologic impairments, body movements, Barthel index, quality of life, and certain biomarkers. Furthermore, certain CM syndromes were alleviated with rare adverse events. Advantages of interventions combined with CPMs-TQPBC for patients with cerebral infarction were discovered. Compared with the Chinese patent medicines for promoting blood circulation (CPMs-PBC) alone, CPMs for both tonifying qi and promoting blood circulation exhibited noticeably better effects. The underlying reasons could be related to the improvement of microcirculation in the brain, protection against ischemic reperfusion injury, generation of neuroprotective factors, and inhibition of apoptosis.

CONCLUSION
Under the circumstances of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (QDBSS) (Qixu-Xueyu Zheng), CPMs- TQPBC showed a substantial difference. More trials focusing on specific patient groups should be carried out to corroborate and expand the findings.


This paper represents the first attempt to develop a set of loglinear models that synthesize gravity models of interregional mobility and loglinear models of occupational mobility. The development of the model is progressed from a simple two-way mobility table analysis to a three-way analysis that controls for one aspect of mobility while investigating another and eventually to a four-way analysis that simultaneously assesses the joint effect of occupational and geographic mobility. An example based on data from the 1970 United States census demonstrates that the models can effectively capture the joint effect of occupational and geographic mobility. The results show that as far as interregional migration is concerned, people were not necessarily more likely to have occupational persistence. Interregional migration was positively associated with both upward and downward occupational mobility, and the propensity for upward mobility was slightly greater than that for downward mobility. Females were likely to be disadvantaged when they remained in their regions. When females moved to other regions, however, their chances of upward mobility were about the same as those of males. Note: Occupation can be ranked according to its prestige or income potential. Movements across occupation ranks over different generations (e.g., father and son) are called intergenerational social/occupational mobility, while movements over a period of time are called intragenerational social/occupational mobility, which is the focus of the current paper. Acknowledgements: We benefited from a discussion with Phil Rees on an early version of this paper presented at the first International Population Geography meeting at St. Andrew, July, 2002. We would also like to thank Samia Islam for her helpful comments.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a dual peg-in-hole insertion strategy. Dual peg-in-hole insertion is the most common task in manufacturing. Most of the previous work develop the insertion strategy in a two- or three-dimensional space, in which they suppose the initial yaw angle is zero and only concern the roll and pitch angles. However, in some case, the yaw angle could not be ignored due to the pose uncertainty of the peg on the gripper. Therefore, there is a need to design the insertion strategy in a higher-dimensional configuration space.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors handle the insertion problem by converting it into several sub-problems based on the attractive region formed by the constraints. The existence of the attractive region in the high-dimensional configuration space is first discussed. Then, the construction of the high-dimensional attractive region with its sub-attractive region in the low-dimensional space is proposed. Therefore, the robotic insertion strategy can be designed in the subspace to eliminate some uncertainties between the dual pegs and dual holes.

Findings

Dual peg-in-hole insertion is realized without using of force sensors. The proposed strategy is also used to demonstrate the precision dual peg-in-hole insertion, where the clearance between the dual-peg and dual-hole is about 0.02 mm.

Practical implications

The sensor-less insertion strategy will not increase the cost of the assembly system and also can be used in the dual peg-in-hole insertion.

Originality/value

The theoretical and experimental analyses for dual peg-in-hole insertion are proposed without using of force sensor.


Machine learning is finding increasingly broad application in the physical sciences. This most often involves building a model relationship between a dependent, measurable output and an associated set of controllable, but complicated, independent inputs. We present a tutorial on current techniques in machine learning -- a jumping-off point for interested researchers to advance their work. We focus on deep neural networks with an emphasis on demystifying deep learning. We begin with background ideas in machine learning and some example applications from current research in plasma physics. We discuss supervised learning techniques for modeling complicated functions, beginning with familiar regression schemes, then advancing to more sophisticated deep learning methods. We also address unsupervised learning and techniques for reducing the dimensionality of input spaces. Along the way, we describe methods for practitioners to help ensure that their models generalize from their training data to as-yet-unseen test data. We describe classes of tasks -- predicting scalars, handling images, fitting time-series -- and prepare the reader to choose an appropriate technique. We finally point out some limitations to modern machine learning and speculate on some ways that practitioners from the physical sciences may be particularly suited to help.


The serum levels of immunoreactive interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were analyzed in 14 leukopenic patients with documented sepsis, at 60 min (T0), 24 h (T1), and one week (T3) after the onset of sepsis syndrome. Sera from 10 leukopenic patients without sepsis (controls) were also tested. All septic patients had high IL-6 levels at T0. These levels persisted only in the seven patients who died of septic shock, presenting a 30-fold increase (p<0.001) as compared to the survivors and the controls. At T3, 7 survivors had recovered from sepsis and showed low IL-6 serum levels. The TNF serum concentration always <30 pg/ml in both the subjects and in the controls. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and clinical parameters appeared to be less specifically associated with shock and mortality than IL-6.


In this work, we have fabricated the two-junction carbon photovoltaic devices which consisted of Al/fullerene (C60)/amorphous carbon (a-C)/C60/a-C/ITO glass structure. We also investigated their photovoltaic properties with the same bandgap and without involving the tunnel-connect layer. We found that the open-circuit voltage in the two-junction photovoltaic device almost doubled compared to the single-junction type and it confirmed that the tandem structure was successfully formed without any tunnel-junction although short-circuit current in the two-junction tended to decrease greatly in comparison to single-junction. Moreover, we studied the effect of film thickness of each film on the photovoltaic properties of two-junction carbon photovoltaic devices and as a result, there was a dependence of film thickness on the photovoltaic performance in the two-junction type. Thus, it can be concluded that the film thickness is one of the significant influences to enhance the photovoltaic performances and our results might be an important approach for fabricating the higher efficiency of two-junction carbon thin film photovoltaic devices made of different band gap.


The article by Hammond and Schmidt 1 in this issue of theArchivesdocuments the feasibility of using a simple and inexpensive modality to test for visual problems in children 3 years and older. Moreover, the test can be administered rapidly and inexpensively by laypersons with a minimum of training. In fact, this test of the Random Dot E compared See also p 54. favorably with a battery of tests performed by more highly trained examiners. Since we have a test that is easy to administer, inexpensive, and reliable, we must ask ourselves: Why aren't we testing all of the children in the United States when they are 3 years of age? Not only are we not doing that, we are not even testing about 80% of our children for visual problems before they start school, according to an extensive survey of the status of visual screening in the United


Macro photography is characterized by a very shallow depth of field, which challenges classical structure from motion and even camera calibration techniques, since images suffer from large defocussed areas. Computational photography methods such as focus stacking combine the sharp areas of many photos into one, which can produce spectacular images of insects or small structures. In this contribution we analyse the camera model to describe such focus stacked images in photogrammetry and computer vision and derive a camera calibration pipeline for macro photography to enable photogrammetry and 3D reconstruction of tiny objects. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on ray-traced images with ground truth and real images.


Abstract-Attackers exploit software vulnerabilities, such as stack overflow, heap overflow, and format string errors, to break into victim machines and implant backdoors to maintain access. They typically use obfuscation techniques, such as encryption and covert channels, to hide their command-and-control traffic and avoid detection. In this paper, we show how a vulnerable program can be used to create a covert channel that allows an entity (e.g., an attacker) to stealthily send information to another remote entity (e.g., a backdoor). The proposed covert channel, for which we coin the term OverCovert, is based on the common return-to-libc stack-overflow attack and the address space layout randomization defense. We implemented a proof-of-concept of OverCovert under Linux and evaluated its throughput sending files of different formats. We also propose and analyze techniques to improve channel undetectability and throughput.


The study was conducted to evaluate the field performance of local plantain genotypes; Apem, Oniaba, Apantu (AAB) and FHIA 21 (AAAB) suckers that were raised in containers (polybags) and their corresponding conventional suckers. Half of the containerized and conventional suckers in each plot were mulched with empty fruit bunch (EFB). Survival rate three months after transplanting was higher in containerized (100%) than conventional materials (60%) with or without mulching. Mulching increased the girth at flowering and total leaf area by 8% and 28% respectively, and reduced the number of days to flowering. Mulching also increased yield of plantain and the highest was recorded in FHIA 21. Bunch yield of container raised suckers per hectare was 19% greater than conventional suckers, due to higher survival rate after transplanting. Bunch yield among the genotypes in decreasing order was as follows, FHIA21 (20.7), Oniaba (16.9), Apem (15.9) and Apantu (13.2) tons/ha. Mulching increased the yield components such as, pulp weight, peel weight, finger weight and number of fingers. Genotypic variation in pulp yield was in the following decreasing order Apantu > FHIA 21 > Oniaba > Apem fresh weight. The pulp to peel ratio was in the following decreasing order Apantu > FHIA 21 > Apem > Oniaba. It is concluded that raising plantain suckers in polybags and applying EFB mulch is an improved production technique.


Lichens have high tolerance to harsh environmental conditions, where lichen symbiont interactions (e.g. myco- and photobionts) may play a crucial role. The characterization of fungal-algal association patterns is essential to understand their symbiotic interactions. This study investigated fungal-algal association patterns in Icelandic cetrarioid lichens using a multi-locus phylogenetic framework, including fungal nrITS, MCM7, mtSSU, RPB1 and RPB2 and algal nrITS, nrLSU, rbcL and mtCOXII data. Most Icelandic cetrarioid lichenized fungi were found to be specifically associated to the known Trebouxia clade "S" (Trebouxia simplex/suecica group), whereas the lichen-forming fungus Cetrariella delisei forms a symbiosis with a previously unrecognized lineage of Trebouxia, provisionally named as the "D" clade. This new Trebouxia lineage is supported by maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses using all four included algal loci.


Modern society relies on readily available refrigeration. Magnetic refrigeration has three prominent advantages compared with compressor-based refrigeration. First, there are no harmful gases involved; second, it may be built more compactly as the working material is a solid; and third, magnetic refrigerators generate much less noise. Recently a new class of magnetic refrigerant-materials for room-temperature applications was discovered. These new materials have important advantages over existing magnetic coolants: they exhibit a large magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in conjunction with a magnetic phase-transition of first order. This MCE is larger than that of Gd metal, which is used in the demonstration refrigerators built to explore the potential of this evolving technology. In the present review we compare the different materials considering both scientific aspects and industrial applicability. Because fundamental aspects of MCE are not so widely discussed, we also give some theoretical considerations.


Barley, characterized by early ripening, cold and drought resistance, is an important agricultural grain crop. Ionizing radiation use in the pre-sowing seed treatment technology is promising in order to control pathogens and increase the grain crops yield. The study aims at developing a microphenological sprouting phases scale of spring barley variety in Remembrance of Vyacheslav Chepelev treated with small doses of gamma radiation under controlled ontogeny conditions. The authors gave the concepts interpretation of "sprouted grain" and "grain sprouts". To remove the dormant state of the original seeds (grains) of spring barley variety in Remembrance of Vyacheslav Chepelev harvested in 2021 and zoned in the Sverdlovsk region, a man treated it with small doses of γ-radiation ionizing (5, 10, 15 and 20 Gy) by a radiation source 60Co. The researchers developed a microphenological sprouting phases scale of spring barley grains with the dry grain phase and the micrograin phase introduced; and classification levels differentiated. A man revealed that the change in grain moisture and grain germ in all microphenophases was comparable with the results obtained during barley sprouting. The most intensive water absorption occurs at the swelling phase with an increase in grain moisture by 2.7 times and in the embryo by 9.3 times. Spring barley grains radiostimulation has an impact on the grain sprouting due to increased germination energy. The authors determined that after 5 days there was a maximum increase in the germination capacity to (92 ± 2) % and (94 ± 2) % in barley grains samples treated with doses of 5 and 10 Gy, respectively, with lower values when processing grains with doses of 15 Gy and 20 Gy. A man ascertained inhibitory effect of a radiation dose of 20 Gy. Despite a higher germination energy index of 75 % in barley grains treated with a dose of 20 Gy, and unlike untreated grains – 74 %, the germination ability in radiation-treated grains was 4 % lower. The germination rate of the first seed is 3 days on average.


The case report of Sweeney et al. (Anaesthesia 1985; 40: 783-6) raises several questions. In cases of idiopathic autonomic dysfunction (IAD) with postural hypotension, there are several treatment regimens to reduce the severity of this life threatening complication; the mainstays are graded elastic stockings, postural training during sleep and 9-fludrocortisone. Preoperative institution of these regimens may or may not reduce the incidence of peri-operative hypotension.',* In a patient who has received no maintenance therapy for postural hypotension, a severe decrease in blood pressure can be anticipated with cardiodepressant drugs, intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), posture and hypovolaemia. These problems will usually be readily reversed by infusion of fluid or lifting the legs. However, these patients have a relatively fixed cardiac output with no alteration in pulse rate in response to haemodynamic change. This will make the assessment of hypovolaemia more difficult and its consequences more serious. In view of this, central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring can be very helpful as a guide to the patient's blood volume status, allowing anticipation of and prevention of the sudden and profound arterial pressure falls reported by Sweeney and others.',3 A further indication for some kind of monitor of cardiac filling pressures is illustrated by our case report of anaesthesia in a 65-year-old patient with Shy-Drager syndrome.' In this case, complicated by a myocardial infarction some 7 years prior to surgery, the patient was sensitive to fluid overload and cardiac failure was readily precipitated. In view of the possibility of impaired left ventricular (LV) function and hence unreliability of CVP measurements in this case, we chose to monitor pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) in addition to CVP. After stabilising blood volume prior to surgery, controlled ventilation of the lungs and muscle paralysis after etomidate; no decrease in arterial pressure was recorded. We had no problems with respiratory depression postoperatively and can shed no further light on the cause of respiratory depression. Sweeney ef a/. also mention the patient's high threshold for painful stimuli and sensitivity to anaesthetic agents. While it is true to say that these patients may exhibit haemodynamic sensitivity in response to anaesthetic drugs, it is difficult to comment upon their pain threshold. Autonomic dysfunction precludes any sympathetic response to pain; hence, the fact that their patient at no times showed a pressor response or signs of increased sympathetic tone in response to stimulation does not necessarily indicate lack of perception of pain. In conclusion, in the management of a patient with IAD undergoing surgery, particularly where blood loss may be anticipated, it would seem preferable in an elective case to attempt to control the patient's postural hypotension pre-operatively. The anaesthetic technique should then attempt to avoid major decreases of blood pressure by the use of induction agents without gross cardiac effects, careful positioning on the operating table and the avoidance of hypovolaemia. Direct monitoring of fluid losses, central venous pressure, arterial pressure, urine output and peripheral perfusion allows anticipation and prevention of severe hypotension. Monitoring of PAWP may be useful in patients with poor LV function. In view of the respiratory depression seen in this case report and lack of arterial pressure falls with IPPV seen in our report, a technique involving IPPV may be appropriate.


In times of increasing use of project-based structures, the capability of managing and organising projects becomes critical for competition. Previous research has documented the problems and possibilities of cross-project learning and various mechanisms that organisations can use to stimulate and facilitate learning. Moreover, research on project competence and project capabilities has positioned these capabilities within a knowledge-based theory of the firm. This paper tries to integrate these streams of research and attempts to broaden our current conceptual frameworks of how firms develop project competence. Based on an exploratory multiple-case study of six firms, it is suggested that a more fine-grained analysis of competence dynamics is required. We identify three different learning processes that contribute to the competence dynamics operating in project-based organisations. The first one labelled "shifting" revolves around the major shifts in the project operations of the firm. It is suggested that such major shifts play an important role in laying the foundation and rejuvenating the challenges of project organising. The second learning process identified, labelled "adapting", focuses on the continuous learning that takes place within project operations of the firm, between project generation, project organising, project leadership and project teamwork. The third and final learning process — "leveraging" — emphasises the role of knowledge transfer across projects; across similar projects, across different types of projects. It is suggested that empirical research into competence dynamics in project-based organisations should consider all three types of learning processes and further develop our understanding how these processes are linked to each other.


In this paper we study a previously developed linearized model of TCP and active queue management (AQM). We use classical control system techniques to develop controllers well suited for the application. The controllers are shown to have better theoretical properties than the well known RED controller. We present guidelines for designing stable controllers subject to network parameters like load level propagation delay etc. We also present simple implementation techniques which require a minimal change to RED implementations. The performance of the controllers are verified and compared with RED using ns simulations. The second of our designs, the proportional integral (PI) controller is shown to outperform RED significantly.


ABSTRACT There are millions of children attending English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) government schools for their basic education. The vast majority of these are in countries across the Global South. In these contexts, EMI policy decisions are rarely based on educational arguments while global learning discussions exist with limited engagement with the challenges of EMI. This is despite a significant evidence base that highlights the widespread impact that EMI has both on educational quality and inequalities. A recent British Council position paper suggests that EMI research tends to be descriptive, perceptions-based and lacking in theoretical underpinning. This paper responds to this critique by bringing together critical theories of social and epistemic justice to develop a series of questions that could be used to interrogate the multiple ways that EMI impacts children's basic education in the Global South.


Abstract A two-body system moving along a horizontal line in a nonlinear viscous medium is considered. One of the bodies (main body) interacts with the environment and with the other body (internal body), which interacts with the main body but does not interact with the environment. A periodic optimal motion of the internal body relative to the main body, which sustains the velocity-periodic motion of the main body and maximizes its average velocity, is defined by solving an optimal control problem.


Empirical likelihood is a popular nonparametric or semi-parametric statistical method with many nice statistical properties. Yet when the sample size is small, or the dimension of the accompanying estimating function is high, the application of the empirical likelihood method can be hindered by low precision of the chi-square approximation and by nonexistence of solutions to the estimating equations. In this paper, we show that the adjusted empirical likelihood is effective at addressing both problems. With a specific level of adjustment, the adjusted empirical likelihood achieves the high-order precision of the Bartlett correction, in addition to the advantage of a guaranteed solution to the estimating equations. Simulation results indicate that the confidence regions constructed by the adjusted empirical likelihood have coverage probabilities comparable to or substantially more accurate than the original empirical likelihood enhanced by the Bartlett correction.


In multimodal human-robot interaction (HRI), the process of communication can be established through verbal, non-verbal, and/or para-verbal cues. The linguistic literature shows that para-verbal and non-verbal communications are naturally synchronized, however the natural mechnisam of this synchronization is still largely unexplored. This research focuses on the relation between non-verbal and para-verbal communication by mapping prosody cues to the corresponding metaphoric arm gestures. Our approach for synthesizing arm gestures uses the coupled hidden Markov models (CHMM), which could be seen as a collection of HMM characterizing the segmented prosodic characteristics' stream and the segmented rotation characteristics' streams of the two arms articulations. Experimental results with Nao robot are reported.


Background: Ovarian cancer risk in adulthood may be affected by early life exposure to tobacco smoke. We investigated this relationship in two large prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. Methods: In total, analyses included 110,305 NHS participants (1976–2016) and 112,859 NHSII participants (1989–2017). Self-reported early life smoking exposures were queried at baseline or follow-up questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of ovarian cancer overall and by tumor histotype. Results: Compared with women who never smoked, ovarian cancer risk was similar for women who started to smoke at age <18 (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.86–1.11) or ≥18 (HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.93–1.12). Overall, ovarian cancer risk was not different among participants whose mother did versus did not smoke during pregnancy (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.87–1.27); however, an increased risk was observed among women who themselves were never smokers (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.05–1.81) but not ever smokers (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.66–1.14; Pheterogeneity = 0.02). These associations did not differ by histotype (Pheterogeneity≥0.35). Parental smoking in the home during childhood/adolescence was related to a 15% increased risk of ovarian cancer in adulthood (HR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04–1.27) and this association was notably stronger among women with non-serous/ low- grade serous tumors (HR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.02–1.61) versus high-grade serous/ poorly differentiated tumors (HR = 1.09, 95%CI: 0.93–1.28, Pheterogeneity = 0.25). Conclusions: Exposure to parental tobacco smoke, but not early initiation of smoking, was associated with a modest elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.


A general one-dimensional model for the steady adiabatic motion of gas-particle mixtures in arbitrarily oriented ducts with gradually varying cross-section and wall friction is presented. The particles are assumed to be incompressible and in thermomechanical equilibrium with a perfect gas phase, and the effects of their finite volume and of gravity are also taken into account. The equations of motion are written in a form that allows a theoretical analysis of the behaviour of the solutions to be carried out. In particular, the results of the application to the model of a procedure that permits the identification and the topological classification of the singular points of the trajectories representing, in a suitable phase space, the solutions of the set of equations defining the problem are described. This characterization of the singular points is useful in order to overcome difficulties in the numerical integration of the equations. Subsequently, a geometrical analysis is carried out which allows a study of the signs of the local variations of the flow quantities, and shows that some unusual behaviour may occur if certain geometrical and fluid dynamic conditions are fulfilled. For instance, in an upward motion it is possible to have a simultaneous decrease of velocity, pressure and temperature, while in a downward flow an increase of all these quantities may be found. It is also shown that conditions exist in which expansion and heating of the mixture may take place simultaneously, both in accelerating and decelerating flows. The model is applied to the study of upward motion in particular ducts, having converging-diverging and constant-diverging cross-sections; to this end the equations are integrated numerically by using the Mach number as the independent variable. The results show that even limited variations of the duct diameter may give rise to significant qualitative and quantitative variations in the flow conditions inside the duct and in the mass flow rate. Finally, an example is given of a subsonic downward flow in which a simultaneous increase of pressure, temperature and velocity occurs even in the case of a pure perfect gas.


This paper describes the e-Science Central (e-SC) cloud data processing system and its application to a number of e-Science projects. e-SC provides both software as a service (SaaS) and platform as a service for scientific data management, analysis and collaboration. It is a portable system and can be deployed on both private (e.g. Eucalyptus) and public clouds (Amazon AWS and Microsoft Windows Azure). The SaaS application allows scientists to upload data, edit and run workflows and share results in the cloud, using only a Web browser. It is underpinned by a scalable cloud platform consisting of a set of components designed to support the needs of scientists. The platform is exposed to developers so that they can easily upload their own analysis services into the system and make these available to other users. A representational state transfer-based application programming interface (API) is also provided so that external applications can leverage the platform's functionality, making it easier to build scalable, secure cloud-based applications. This paper describes the design of e-SC, its API and its use in three different case studies: spectral data visualization, medical data capture and analysis, and chemical property prediction.


Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade E, known to be largely responsible for the fulminating epidemic in Southeast Asia, have been derived exclusively from Asia and Africa. Here we provide full or partial sequences of the envelope glycoprotein gene from 13 additional clade E isolates from Asia representing patients in both early and late stages of disease. More extensive comparison of isolates within clade E by geographic locale, stage of disease, and year of isolation is now possible. The genetic diversity of clade E isolates from Asia, particularly among those derived from early-stage patients, is restricted compared with African isolates (mean interisolate distances in gp120, 5.4 and 20.2%, respectively). However, patients hospitalized with AIDS-related illnesses in Thailand harbored clade E isolates exhibiting broader interisolate diversity and with highly heterogeneous third hypervariable loop sequences. An additional pair of cysteine residues, predicting a novel disulfide bridge and present in 80% of clade E isolates from Asia, was uniformly absent from six African isolates. Clade E isolates in Thailand from early-stage subjects continue to be genetically similar to potential vaccine prototype strains, providing a favorable environment for the evaluation of genotype E candidate vaccines. However, evidence of increasing interisolate diversity is appearing among late-stage patients in Asia. This diversification of the clade E virus, if sustained, may impact preventive vaccine development strategies.


We propose an analytical model for the quasi-static evolution of starless cores confined by a constant external pressure, assuming that cores are isothermal and obey a spherically symmetric density distribution. We model core evolution for Plummer-like and Gaussian density distributions in the adiabatic and isothermal limits, assuming Larson-like dissipation of turbulence. We model the variation in the terms in the virial equation as a function of core characteristic radius, and determine whether cores are evolving towards virial equilibrium or gravitational collapse. We ignore accretion on to cores in the current study. We discuss the different behaviours predicted by the isothermal and adiabatic cases, and by our choice of index for the size–linewidth relation, and suggest a means of parametrizing the magnetic energy term in the virial equation. We model the evolution of the set of cores observed by Pattle et al. in the L1688 region of Ophiuchus in the 'virial plane'. We find that not all virially bound and pressure-confined cores will evolve to become gravitationally bound, with many instead contracting to virial equilibrium with their surroundings, and find an absence of gravitationally dominated and virially unbound cores. We hypothesize a 'starless core desert' in this quadrant of the virial plane, which may result from cores initially forming as pressure-confined objects. We conclude that a virially bound and pressure-confined core will not necessarily evolve to become gravitationally bound, and thus cannot be considered pre-stellar. A core can only be definitively considered pre-stellar (collapsing to form an individual stellar system) if it is gravitationally unstable.


Consistently atomistic understanding of the mechanism behind the intriguing behavior of low-dimensional systems including monatomic chains, hollow tubes, surface skins, nanocavities, nanowires, and nanograins has long been a high challenge. This article reports recent progress in this regard. A survey is presented and then is followed by analytical approaches in terms of local bond average (LBA) from the perspective of bonding energetics and its functional dependence on external stimuli of coordination environment and temperature change. It is shown that the measurable quantities of a specimen can be functionally correlated to the identities of the representative bonds and their responses to the external stimuli. It is understood that the shortened and strengthened bonds between the under-coordinated atoms and the associated local strain and energy trapping dictate intrinsically the mechanical behavior of systems with large portion of under-coordinated atoms. The thermal softening of a substance arises from thermally-induced bond expansion and lattice vibration that weakens the bonds through the internal energy increase. The competition between the energy-density-gain and the residual atomic cohesive-energy in the relaxed surface skin determines intrinsically the mechanical performance of a mesoscopic specimen, whereas competition between the activation and inhibition of atomic dislocations dominates extrinsically the yield strength of the specimen in plastic deformation.


Energies and excitation probabilities of compressional and vortical collective 1- states are calculated in the frame of the time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory. The method of Wigner function moments is used to find collective solutions of an equation for a density matrix. Good agreement with experiment is obtained for the low-energy isoscalar dipole resonance in 208Pb. The toroidal excitation is predicted.


Between January and December 1989, among 396 patients receiving liver transplantation, 27 have developed 33 post-transplantation osteoarticular complications (27 non septic and 6 septic episodes). After liver transplantation, non septic complications are distinct from the pattern observed after kidney transplantation with a lower prevalence of avascular bone necrosis (n = 4) but a higher prevalence of new vertebral fractures (n = 18) and presence of stress fracture (n = 3). This difference is probably caused by the lower steroids dosage in liver transplantation and by the preexisting bone status which is different in kidney and liver graft recipients. These complications are essentially observed in cirrhosis (n = 12) and primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 10). Staphylococcus aureus is found in 5/6 osteoarticular infections whereas extra-osteoarticular (essentially intra-abdominal) infections are mainly due to Gram negative bacteria and candidiasis. Finally, 2 patients presented hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with chronic graft rejection, reversible after liver retransplantation.


Daniel Brudney's clear-headed analysis, in this issue of the Hastings Center Report, of the difference between a patient's and a surrogate's right to make medical treatment decisions contributes to a longstanding conversation in bioethics. Brudney offers an epistemological and a moral argument for the patient's and the surrogate's right to decide. The epistemological argument is the same for both parties: the (competent) patient has a right to decide because she is presumed to know her own interests better than anyone else, and the surrogate is entitled to make decisions because she knows the patient better than anyone else. However, argues Brudney, the moral arguments are not parallel. The patient's moral right to decide for herself is an exercise of autonomy, but the only ground for the responsibility held by the surrogate, says Brudney, is that she knows the patient better than the health care professionals do. If in fact that's not the case, then she forfeits her right to be the patient's surrogate. For all the clarity and force of his argument, I think Brudney may be barking up the wrong tree. In cases of proxy decision-making, it's intimacy, not knowledge, that does the heavy moral lifting.


The cerebral palsies are a group of conditions due to non progressive damage to the brain before, during or after birth. There are many causes. Although the brain damage itself doesn't change nor is it curable, the symptoms may change with time. Classifications vary in different clinics and countries. usually there is the spastic, the athetoid and the ataxic type. The diagnostic classification may not play a direct role in the therapy plans. Diagnostic types are based on the predominant symptoms and there may be symptoms of the other types Although the motor delay and dysfunctions are the main problems in the cerebral palsies there is the possibility of other handicaps. The brain damage itself can be diffuse enough to affect speech and hearing, vision, perceptual function, mental ability and general behaviour. Epilepsy may occur. There may also be other associated handicaps which are due to lack of motor experiences in physically disabled children. Lack of motor exploration affects development of sensation perceptions, mental abilities and speech, emotional and social skills are also hampered. Parent-Child interaction is not always easy and may create emotional problems. Early therapy is advisable to minimize the degree of motor handicap and of the secondary development handicaps. Pulse Vol.8 January-December 2015 p.73-76


Unauthorized network access and spoofing attacks at wireless access points (WAPs) have been traditionally addressed using bit-centric security measures and remain a major information technology security concern. This has been recently addressed using RF fingerprinting methods within the physical layer to augment WAP security. This paper extends the RF fingerprinting knowledge base by: 1) identifying and removing less-relevant features through dimensional reduction analysis (DRA) and 2) providing a first look assessment of device identification (ID) verification that enables the detection of rogue devices attempting to gain network access by presenting false bit-level credentials of authorized devices. DRA benefits and rogue device rejection performance are demonstrated using discrete Gabor transform features extracted from experimentally collected orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based wireless fidelity (WiFi) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) signals. Relative to empirically selected full-dimensional feature sets, performance using DRA-reduced feature sets containing only 10% of the highest ranked features (90% reduction), includes: 1) maintaining desired device classification accuracy and 2) improving authorized device ID verification for both WiFi and WiMAX signals. Reliable burst-by-burst rogue device rejection of better than 93% is achieved for 72 unique spoofing attacks and improvement to 100% is demonstrated when an accurate sample of the overall device population is employed. DRA-reduced feature set efficiency is reflected in DRA models requiring only one-tenth the number of features and processing time.


For more than a decade, researchers have measured progress in object recognition on ImageNet-based generalization benchmarks such as ImageNet-A, -C, and -R. Recent advances in foundation models, trained on orders of magnitude more data, have begun to saturate these standard benchmarks, but remain brittle in practice. This suggests standard benchmarks, which tend to focus on predefined or synthetic changes, may not be sufficient for measuring real world generalization. Consequently, we propose studying generalization across geography as a more realistic measure of progress using two datasets of objects from households across the globe. We conduct an extensive empirical evaluation of progress across nearly 100 vision models up to most recent foundation models. We first identify a progress gap between standard benchmarks and real-world, geographical shifts: progress on ImageNet results in up to 2.5x more progress on standard generalization benchmarks than real-world distribution shifts. Second, we study model generalization across geographies by measuring the disparities in performance across regions, a more fine-grained measure of real world generalization. We observe all models have large geographic disparities, even foundation CLIP models, with differences of 7-20% in accuracy between regions. Counter to modern intuition, we discover progress on standard benchmarks fails to improve geographic disparities and often exacerbates them: geographic disparities between the least performant models and today's best models have more than tripled. Our results suggest scaling alone is insufficient for consistent robustness to real-world distribution shifts. Finally, we highlight in early experiments how simple last layer retraining on more representative, curated data can complement scaling as a promising direction of future work, reducing geographic disparity on both benchmarks by over two-thirds.


An ultrafast quenched plastic scintillation detector was used to measure the fusion fuel ion temperature at low implosion (DT) neutron yield (5×108–3×109) in the initial experiment performed at the Shenguang II laser facility. The typical temperatures of exploding pusher targets for direct drive were around 4 keV and the uncertainties were ±15–23%. The detection efficiency of the detector to DT neutrons was calibrated at a K-400 accelerator. The time response function of the detection system was calibrated by implosion neutrons from a DT-filled capsule, which can be regarded as a δ function pulsed neutron source due to its much narrower pulse width than that of the measured neutron time-of-flight spectrum.


Background: Several reports have raised safety concerns regarding the use of probiotics. To address these concerns,
 this study examined the relative abundance (proportion of the microbiome made up of a particular taxa) and
 normalized read counts (number of times a particular microbe was identified) of Bifidobacteria in the gut microbiome
 of healthy subjects participating in an ongoing study on the microbiome. Bifidobacteria is a critically important
 constituent of the human microbiome and plays roles in digestion, gut immunity, and cancer prevention.
Methods: Fecal samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing to evaluate composition and relative
 abundance of bacterial phyla through species level in each subject`s microbiome. The primary outcomes of this
 subgroup analysis were relative abundance and normalized read count of genus Bifidobacteria in subjects who took
 unregulated probiotics, regulated probiotics, or no probiotics.
Results: The relative abundance and normalized read count of Bifidobacteria were significantly lower in the
 microbiome of subjects who took unregulated probiotics (n=15) than in the microbiomes of both those who took
 regulated probiotics (n=12, P=0.0002) and no probiotics (n=13, P=0.0483) (0.18 vs. 9.59 vs. 5.66 relative abundance).
Discussion: Subjects taking unregulated probiotics had a significantly lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteria,
 which could potentially have a detrimental impact on health. Next-generation sequencing could be a useful tool to
 guide decisions on the appropriate use of probiotics based on dysbiosis.


The paper gives a brief overview of computer controlled thermogravimetric analysis system. The system consists of a personal computer, software, data acquisition card and interface for the provision of the necessary conditions for the analysis and adaptation of input and output signals. The entire control system, as well as the acquisition, recording and processing of measured data is solved by software. Application is based on programming package LabView.


BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. Although the prevalence of obesity is low in India, it is being perceived as an emerging problem among affluent urban Indian children. There is little information regarding the profile of obese Indian children. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of children and adolescents attending our hospital (a tertiary-care center) with the main complaint of obesity or overweight.

STUDY DESIGN
Children and adolescents attending our pediatric and adolescent endocrine clinic with the main complaint of overweight or obesity were included in this study. All subjects underwent detailed history, physical examination, hemogram liver function tests, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin, and body fat estimation.

RESULTS
One hundred nine children (70 boys and 39 girls), ranging in age from 5 to 18 years (mean 13.8 +/- 2.9 years), were enrolled for the study. Twenty boys and 13 girls were overweight, while 50 boys and 26 girls were obese. Twenty-five of these children had hypertension, 48 had dyslipidemia, and 27 had abnormal glucose tolerance. Plasma insulin levels were significantly higher than what is observed in healthy lean controls. The most significant observation was that 75 children had grandparents and/or parents with diabetes mellitus. Possible reasons for this association are discussed.

CONCLUSIONS
Children from families with diabetes mellitus are at risk for obesity. Hyperinsulinemia, by its action on the brain, induces behaviors and lifestyles conducive to obesity.


vention office is convention@mla.org. 1. Divisions Definition. The MLA divisions encompass the primary scholarly and professional concerns of the association, with each division representing a major area of membership interest. The divisions are not autonomous organizations but are an integral part of the MLA; they have no corporate identity beyond that afforded by the MLA, and they may not use the name of the association for any project or program unless specifically authorized to do so by the MLA Executive Council. Purpose of the divisions. Divisions promote scholarly and professional activities within their areas of concern. The executive committees of the divisions arrange sessions at the MLA Annual Convention, elect representatives to serve in the MLA Delegate Assembly, and provide information of interest to their members through association periodicals or mailings to division members. Divisions advise appropriate MLA committees on research and pedagogical needs in their fields of interest and may propose to the Executive Council projects that the association might wish to undertake. Division membership. At the time of paying their annual dues, MLA members have the option of joining up to four divisions. Division membership is maintained as part of a member's record; any member who affiliates with a division is entitled to receive all mailings initiated by the division and vote for members of its executive committee. Division governance. Divisions are governed by five-member executive committees, which are solely responsible for conducting the division's business. Each committee member serves a term of five convention years and serves as secretary of the division in the third year of that term and as chair in the fourth year. Executive committees may appoint individuals to nonvoting ex officio seats on the committee and appoint such other officers as they deem appropriate, but only the five elected executive committee members are entitled to vote on division business. The committee carries on the major part of its business at a closed committee meeting held during the convention, and thus members who agree to stand for election to an executive committee will normally attend the convention. At other times of the year, executive committees may conduct their business through correspondence initiated by the committee's chair. Periodically the MLA will arrange a meeting at the convention for division executive committees to discuss division governance and convention programming. Elections. One new member is elected annually to each division executive committee by mail ballot. The slate of candidates is established by the division executive committee as follows. Voting members of the division's executive committee are responsible for nominating one candidate for each vacancy on the executive committee and for reviewing all the nominees suggested by the division membership at large and choosing from these at least one candidate to be paired with the executive committee's choice. Division members 1 2 3 . 4 ]


On the basis of three isolates (strains FC6T [T = type strain], FC4, and RG1) of extremely thermophilic chemolithoautotrophic archaebacteria obtained from solfataric fields on ao Miguel Island, Azores, the new genus Stygiolobus is described. These isolates grow obligately chemolithotrophically by reduction of S0 with H2 (H2-S0 lithotrophy) and are the first strictly anaerobic members of the order Sulfolobales. With a DNA G+C content of 38 mol%, the Stygiolobus isolates resemble Sulfolobus spp., which, however, are faculatively organotrophic and aerobic S0 oxidizers. The new isolates are also distinct from Acidianus spp., which resemble Stygiolobus by growing by H2-S0 lithotrophy. However, Acidianus spp. can also grow aerobically by S0 oxidation and have G+C contents of 31 mol%. At this time, only one species of the genus Stygiolobus is known, Stygiolobus azoricus sp. nov.; the type strain of S. azoricus is strain FC6 (= DSM 6296).


We construct a stable solution of the problem of vortex reconnection with the boundary in a superconductor under the planar approximation. That is a solution of such that as . We give a precise description of the vortex near the reconnection point and time. We generalize the result to other quenching problems.


A novel simple approach to the verification process for millimeter-wave vector network analyzer waveguide calibration is reported using a single reconfigurable component verification kit. Conventional techniques require multiple verification components and these only exist commercially for operation up to 110 GHz. At millimeter-wave frequencies, the use of multiple components can lead to significant errors due to imperfections in waveguide flange misalignments during the multiple component connections. The reconfigurable component is designed so that its electrical properties can be changed quickly to a broad range of predetermined values without introducing additional errors due to changes in flange alignment. Once connected, the component can be reconfigured to introduce relative changes in the reflected and transmitted signals. For millimeter-wave metrology, where mechanical precision is of paramount importance, this single-component verification approach represents an attractive solution. A proof-of-concept verification process is described, based on full-wave electromagnetic modeling, hardware implementation, and validation measurements using standard WR-15 waveguide (50-75 GHz).


The paper reports the design and implementation of magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) systems as well as its application and experiments for stress measurement on the rail track. Features of MBN signals including root mean square, average amplitude and pulse counts are calculated and analyzed, and a new feature the ratio of peak value and width at half maximum is introduced. All of these features of MBN signal decreases with the increase of compressive stress, but the feature of the ratio of peak value and width at half maximum has the fastest rate of decreasing against compressing stress which means that it has better sensitivity in stress measurement.


Distributed virtual environment (DVE) applications such as interactive gaming and tele-immersion are becoming increasingly popular to use within mobile ad hoc networks. However, existing ad hoc multicasting protocols do not provide adequate support for DVE applications. This paper presents a novel multicasting protocol that provides a high level of support for the DVE. Our protocol, which is independent of the underlying unicasting routing infrastructure, uses a combined mesh and core approach. Multiple cores are selected and migrated according to the current conditions in the physical network and the virtual environment. An extensive performance evaluation of this approach shows that our technique is capable of effectively supporting large-scale DVE applications.


A synthesis of the guaiane skeleton is presented in my thesis.
Guaianolides and pseudoguaianolides are sesquiterpene lactones and share a sommon
backbone: the guaiane skeleton. Hundreds of natural products belong to these families of
compounds. The guaiane skeleton is characterised by a bicyclo[5.3.0]decane ring system
(perhydroazulene). Among the guaianolide family, dehydroleucodine was chosen as a target
example.
The first part of the thesis introduces the guaianolide and pseudoguaianolide families. An
overview of the biological properties and the biosynthesis are reported. First, structures from
componds belonging to these families are described. Then, the biological properties of the
dehydroleucodine are reported and, finally, the syntheses of three sesquiterpene lactones are
shown.
The second part of the thesis reports my studies towards the synthesis of the guaiane
skeleton and dehydroleucodine. The key step of the construction of the perhydroazulene ring
system 3 is an intramolecular ene reaction. The lactone is build through an inversion of the
alcohol configuration followed by an allylic oxidation 2 and finished by an oxidation of the
primary alcohol 1. A proposal of the synthesis of dehydroleucodine is briefly explained.
The final part is the experimental part.
O
O
O
H
guaiane
dehydroleucodine
O
O
O
H
HO
H
H
O
HO
H
H
O
OH
H
H
O
O
O
1 2 3 4 5
Studies towards the Synthesis of the Guaianolide and Pseudoguaianolide skeleton.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My studies were performed in Professor Page's group at the University of East Anglia
(Norwich, Norfolk).
I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Phil Page for his welcome in his laboratory
and the confidence Phil granted me for carrying on a subject started years ago.
Of course, I can't forget my fiancee for her daily support through those hard times of
research, Doctor Yohan Chan for his help in the lab and outside, and all my lab-mates for the
nice atmosphere we work in.
I have a special thought to my so dear friend Franklin, who left us too early. I am sure he
would have loved to read this thesis through and give it his mark and corrections.
At last, I need to be grateful for the funding from the University of East Anglia.


Sommerfeld's 1931 presentation of his derivation of the Thomas precession is set in its historical context. Some aspects of his particular geometrical approach are also discussed.


An efficient high-energy eye-safe optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a type-II non-critically phase-matched KTP crystal is demonstrated. The KTP OPO is pumped by a quasi-cw diode side-pumped electro-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in a compound-cavity configuration. The maximum output energy of the signal wavelength at 1.57 μm is 66.5 mJ, corresponding to an electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 4.47% and an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 12.1%. The pulse width (FWHM) is about 3.6ns with a peak power of 18.5 MW. The output energy is insensitive to repetition rate and demonstrates good stability.


INTRODUCTION:Whether lung volume reduction(LVR) in patients with severe COPD improves inspiratory paradoxical chest wall movements has not been studied using 3-dimentional volume measurements of the chest wall. Optoelectronic plethysmography(OEP) allows breath by breath volume analysis of 6 chest wall compartments; left and right of each of pulmonary rib cage(Vrc,p), abdominal rib cage(Vrc,a) and abdomen(Vab). METHODS: 26 patients had OEP assessments during quiet breathing before and 3 months after LVR(LVR group (surgical n=9, bronchoscopic n=7)), or a sham bronchoscopy (control group, n=10). The phase shift angles were calculated for the asynchrony between Vrc,p and Vrc,a (θRC), and between Vrc,a and Vab (θDIA). RESULTS:At baseline, patients had severe airways obstruction(FEV 1 35(18)%pred) and hyperinflation(RV 218(42)%pred) and the groups were well matched. Between group difference in the change in θRC and θDIA was statistically significant in the direction of 0°(representing complete synchrony) favouring the LVR group . CONCLUSION:Successful LVR significantly improves chest wall asynchrony in patients with severe COPD.


Mobile phones can persuade users to adopt healthy behaviors such as regular exercise. Monsters & Gold, a context-aware, user-adaptive mobile fitness game, runs on mobile phones to motivate and train users in jogging outdoors. The game dynamically presents virtual monsters, gold, and other items-according to factors such as users' heart rate, age, and exercise phase-to encourage users to speed up or slow down. A first evaluation led to an improved game design; a subsequent evaluation confirmed beneficial effects on training and motivation.


We study the effects of changes in bid-ask spreads on the prices and trading volumes of stocks that move from Nasdaq to the NYSE or Amex, and stocks move from Amex to Nasdaq. When stocks move from Nasdaq to an exchange, their spreads typically decrease, but the reduction in spreads is much larger when Nasdaq market makers avoid odd-eighths quotes. When stocks move from Amex to Nasdaq, their spreads typically increase, but again, the increase is much larger when Nasdaq market makers avoid odd eighths. We use this data to isolate the effects of transaction costs on trading volume and expected returns. We find that higher transaction costs (bid-ask spreads) significantly reduce trading volume, but do not have significant effects on prices.


The diagnosis of acute myocarditis (AM) remains challenging because of its diverse clinical manifestations. Thus, a wide range of diagnostic tests may be warranted. Although cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the preferred imaging technique, it may not be applicable in the acute AM phase. Our case report highlights the usefulness and diagnostic accuracy of echocardiographic examination. In the first 2‐dimensional echocardiography, the focal echobright was presented. A reduced value of global longitudinal strain and regional disturbances of segmental myocardial strain, both longitudinal and circumferential, in the epicardial layer, were detected with a good correlation with CMR results.


Startling facts are often revealed by the quantitative investigation of a reaction thought to be understood. The photoionization of dimethylaminobenzonitrile, which was previously regarded as biphotonic, was found to occur by the successive absorption of three photons, and to produce two electrons per starting molecule [Eq. (1)]. The explanation is an intervening rapid chemical reaction: deprotonation followed by intramolecular charge transfer.


IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as the core of Next Generation Network (NGN), its security is vital important. However, IMS is a network with openarchitecture based on IP, which brings a lot of security issues. There has already some research results about IMS security, but systematic and model-based research results are lacked. Based on TVRA method, this paper establishes a comprehensive vulnerability analysis model of IMS network, and makes a systematic analysis about the security objectives, assets, weaknesses, threats and other attributes of IMS network by using this model. The research results of this paper can provide the basis for the security assessment of IMS network.


This study investigates growing seedling of onion for 91 farmhouses at Muan, Hampyeong and Sinan which are major areas of production from Jan. to Apr., 1994 to enhance the research effect of onion and then the following results are obtained. Over 60% of the farmhouses have cultured onion continuously over 11years. Early mature variety cultured is over 9 varieties and among them Kinkyu variety is cultured most frequently. Late mature variety is over 13 and Changyongdaego, Bonganwhang and Chunjudaego varieties are cultured most. Most of the farmhouses used seeds less than 6 dl at small area less than 40㎡ and especially in the case of early variety, they purchased it at seed stores with 15,000-20,000 won/dl and sowed them with broadcasting method. Amount of fertilizer level of onion seed is ranged from nonfertilizer level to 16.8g/㎡ and most of the farmhouses employ molding after seeding with straw and compost and they did not use thinning. Irrigation is performed by 1-4 times before sprouting of onion seed and most of the farmhouses transplant long nursery plant over 46 days and hand weeding is used.


Abstract This pilot study developed a longitudinal temperature profile of the Los Angeles River by deploying temperature loggers throughout the watershed between June and October 2016. The watershed was divided into zones based on river system component, urbanization, and channelization. Channelized sites recorded the highest temperatures, tributaries recorded the lowest, and the estuary showed the most fluctuation. Overall, temperatures were too warm to support re-introduction of native fish but currently support non-native fish species. Temperature mitigation is needed for native species to re-establish. Albeit limited in scope, this study establishes a baseline of summer/fall temperatures in the Los Angeles River.


Despite the fact that atomic nuclei are complex many-body objects, influenced strongly by two forces, and densely packed with orbiting nucleons, they yet exhibit striking regularities, simple patterns and, in some cases, manifest many-body dynamical symmetries. One of the overarching goals of nuclear structure studies is to uncover these simple patterns experimentally and to delineate the symmetries they reflect. This is an effort to understand what nuclei are doing. The flip side is to understand this simple behavior microscopically in terms of nucleonic motion and interactions. The goal here is to understand why nuclei do what they do. These approaches are complementary not competitive. Much progress has been made in recent years along both fronts.


Abstract Free carbohydrates in selected milk products were isolated by dialysis and converted to trimethylsilyl ethers. Gas chromatography of the derived sugars from fluid milk resulted in 7 peaks. Comparisons of gas-liquid chromatographic retention times and mass spectral data revealed that the 7 peaks were isomers of glucose, galactose, and lactose. No other sugars were detected in the other products. Quantitative data were obtained both by weighing the dialysate residue after ion exchange and freeze drying, and by comparing gas-liquid chromatographic peak area to internal standards. The sugar contents in chocolate milk, whole milk, and skimmilk were not altered significantly by processing. The sugar in cultured products varied greatly. Cheddar, Trappist, and Brick cheese contained negligible carbohydrate, whereas sour cream still contained 3.7% milk sugars. The free monosaccharide of whole milk was similar to previously reported values. Free glucose and galactose were 13.8 and 11.7 mg/100 ml.


Vascular abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract are a common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Most of them are located within the reach of the upper endoscopy or colonoscopy, although once discarded, it forces to consider small bowel as the source of bleeding. The successful management of a gastrointestinal bleeding depends mainly on the timely location of the source of bleeding. Nevertheless this task can be difficult when the cause is not within the reach of conventional methods. We present a case of a 21 year-old men in which the diagnosis of bleeding yeyunal phlebectasia was made by the findings of the capsule endoscopy and laparoscopy.


The Ia antigens, encoded within the I region of the major histocompatibility complex, are a group of cell surface glycoproteins that are involved in the control of immune responsiveness. We isolated and determined the sequence of a 1,045-base-pair cDNA clone for one of the murine immune response genes, Ek beta. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the product of Ek beta with that of Ed beta shows that most of the amino acid differences are clustered in short stretches of peptide sequence in the first external protein domain. This clustering of allelic variation suggests that observed haplotype-specific immune responsiveness to certain antigens may be controlled, at least in part, by differences in configuration defined by these regions of allelic variability in the NH2-terminal domain of the E beta chain.