During a study of the endohelminths of wading birds from the Texas Gulf coast, 3 immature specimens of Stictodora (Heterophyidae) representing the same species that had previously been identified as Stictodora acanthotrema from the royal tern, Sterna maxima , in Puerto Rico by Raymond M. Cable, Robert S. Connor, and Jan W. Balling in 1960 were recovered from a royal tern, collected from the Bryan Utility Lake, Bryan, Texas. An additional 17 slides (14 whole mounts and 3 slides of sections) of this species that had been collected from this same bird host in Puerto Rico by Dr. Raymond M. Cable were examined from the holdings of the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska. This species of Stictodora has the characteristic of the subgenus Galactosomoides and does not conform to the original description of Stictodora (= Acanthotrema ) acanthotrema from the royal tern in Brazil, and it is therefore described as Stictodora cablei n. sp. The new species can be distinguished from all the other species in the genus by its unique acetabulogenital complex in which the acetabulum is highly modified with a small pad-like structure at its base surrounded by 3 papilliform arms extending sinistrally from it, whose outer edges fuse with the wall of the acetabulogenital sac, supporting the walls of the sac and the genital opening, and where the acetabulogenital sac contains a second, larger pad-like structure (the gonotyl described by Raymond M. Cable, Robert S. Conner, and Jan W. Balling in 1960) that extends from the left wall of the sac. Eleven other endohelminths were found in royal terns from Texas, U.S.A.: 3 cestodes, Angularella sp. (Dilepididae), an unknown genus and species of Dilepididae, and an unidentified immature cestode; 1 nematode, Contracaecum sp. (Anisakidae); and 7 trematodes, Cardiocephaloides brandesii (Strigeidae), Cercarioides cochleariformis (Heterophyidae), Mesostephanus fajardensis (Cyathocotylidae), Natterophthalmus andersoni (Philophthalmidae), Parorchis acanthus (Philophthalmidae), Stephanoprora conciliata (Echinostomatidae), and Stephanoprora denticulata (Echinostomatidae). Angularella sp., Contracaecum sp., M . fajardensis , S . conciliata , C . cochleariformis , and P . acanthus represent new host records. A checklist of parasites previously reported from the royal tern is also provided.


Chromosomal instability (CIN) has been known to be a hallmark of cancer for decades, but how CIN influences the tumor microenvironment (TME) and defines the ability of tumors to metastasize is a fundamental question in cancer biology that remains unanswered. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly malignant bone tumor characterized by high CIN and an immunosuppressive TME and is thus an excellent model system to address the role of CIN in metastasis and TME programming. The cGAS-STING-ENPP1 pathway links CIN to immune evasion and metastasis, functioning to produce an immune response upon sensing cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and transducing this signal via the second messenger cGAMP, which activates interferon gene expression. CIN in cancer cells also results in cytosolic dsDNA which can also activate the STING pathway. However, cGAMP can also be hydrolyzed by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which negatively regulates STING activation in the TME, enabling cancer cells to survive CIN and avoid immune surveillance. Our studies of this pathway in human-in-mouse metastasis models of OS indicate that either ENPP1 overexpression (OE) or STING knockout (KO) enhance metastasis, nominating the STING pathway as an important regulator metastasis in OS and suggesting that STING agonists or ENPP1 inhibitors may have therapeutic benefit. Indeed, OS patient-derived xenograft cell lines that are least aggressive in vivo show strong STING activation in response to transfection with dsDNA, while cell lines with a higher metastatic capacity do not, suggesting that metastatic capacity may be directly linked to STING pathway downregulation. Given that a fully competent murine immune system is crucial for evaluation of the STING pathway in mediating antitumor immunity, a major current focus of this work is development and use of syngeneic murine OS models for further in vivo dissection of the role of the STING-ENPP1 axis in OS. Future studies will also evaluate if ENPP1 inhibition constitutes a novel immune-targeted therapeutic that may overcome an immunosuppressive TME and activate the immune system in response to the cell-intrinsic consequences of CIN. Moreover, elucidating the immune cell types that drive STING-mediated anti-tumor immunity will inform new combinatorial approaches together with ENPP1 inhibition. Given the therapeutic relevance of TME reprogramming and the limited success that immunotherapy has garnered in many solid tumors, this line of investigation has broad applicability beyond OS and may enable rational design of novel combination immunotherapies to treat metastatic sarcomas and other CIN-high cancers.
 Citation Format: Elizabeth "Betsy" P Young, Courtney R Schott, Amanda Koehne, Christine Johnson, E. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. STING activation overcomes immune escape in osteosarcoma metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A51.


ABSTRACT Apocrine hidrocystomas are benign cystic lesions derived from the sweat glands of Moll and seldom found in the orbit. The authors present a case of a 41-year-old healthy man, with no prior medical history, referred for a painless enlarging mass, medial to his right upper eyelid for the past 3 months. Computed tomography showed a well-defined cystic lesion localized in the supero-medial anterior orbit. Following complete excision of the lesion, histopathology revealed an apocrine hidrocystoma. Although rare, apocrine hidrocystomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cystic mass of the orbit at any age group.


In study of suppressing the surface target using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles swarm, path planning is important issue to be solved. Formation flight in well-regular paths could not find target exhaustively. In virtue of waypoints selection method in path planning of robots, the similar idea is adopted. In order to address the problem of computationally expensive for multi-vehicles, a benefit function is presented for path planning of UAVs swarm and a virtual driven force and a field of view of UAV is provided as the constraints. Meanwhile, the algorithm of Ant Colony System is applied to search the best solution to settle the problem of cooperative path planning in exhaustive area search. Simulation results show that this method could generate cooperative paths for UAVs swarm.


Scientists have recently proposed 1610 as a candidate for the first year of the new geological epoch known as the Anthropocene. They pinpoint the rise of European colonialism and the global movement of life among ecosystems it precipitated as the triggers for measurable changes in the earth system. We used digital humanities methods to mine historical archives to evaluate the relations among colonialism, early modern globalism, and the origins of the Anthropocene. We suggest that the Anthropocene was initiated by a premodern earth system that defined life across the globe in spatial terms, furthering the goals of empire—a regime of biopower that has not been adequately acknowledged in debates on the Anthropocene. We propose that the idea of empire, rather than Enlightenment narratives of progress and scientific modernity, must be considered in our definition of the Anthropocene. (JJL and JB)


Introduction : The mainstay of treatment of depression relies on pharmacological and psychological treatments. On top of that, evidence also recognizes the vital role of spirituality for human wellness which leads to growing interest in its utilization to treat depression. However, research on spirituality among Muslims in relation to depression is relatively scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the understanding of spirituality among Muslim patients with depression, and to explore their spiritual needs. Methods : This is a qualitative study conducted on 10 depressed Muslim patients at the UKM Medical Centre. Purposive sampling was done to ensure diversity of subjects. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaire guidelines. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach. Result : Out of 10 patients, almost all of them expressed spiritual needs. Two major themes emerged in relation to the spiritual needs which are (i) religious needs; need for worship, religious knowledge and guidance, religious reminders, and (ii) existential needs; need for calmness, sensitivity and empathy, self-discipline, certainty, hope , physical help, ventilate and meaning of illness. These needs are essential for patients during the time of crisis. Conclusion: The majority of patients expressed spiritual needs which are required during the process of recovery and this provides an opportunity to incorporate spiritual approaches in the treatment of depression. However, more studies are needed to demonstrate its scientific basis and to design an effective psycho-spiritual treatment modality so that the 'holistic' or 'bio-psychosocial-spiritual' treatment can be integrated by health care professionals to those in need.


Plants have evolutionarily established resistance responses to a variety of abiotic stress conditions, in which ABA mediates the integrated regulation of these stress responses. Numerous proteins function at the transcription level or at the protein level when contributing to controls of the ABA signaling process. Although osmotin is identified as a salt-inducible protein, its function in the abiotic stress response is yet to be elucidated. To examine the role of Arabidopsis OSMOTIN 34 (OSM34) in the ABA signaling pathway, a deletion mutant osm34 generated by a CRISPR/Cas9 system and the double mutant osm34 osml (osmotin 34-like) were analyzed for various ABA responses. Both osm34 and osm34 osml showed reduced levels of ABA responses in seeds and leaves. Moreover, proline level and expression of the proline biosynthesis gene P5CS1 was significantly reduced in osm34 osml. Interestingly, OSM34 binds to SKP2A, an F-Box protein whose transcription is induced by ABA. The protein stability of OSM34 was determined to be under the control of the 26S proteasome. In conclusion, our data suggest that OSM34 functions as a positive regulator in the generation of ABA responses and is under post-translational control.


Sarcopenia, which is defined as a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength with aging, is an important risk factor in clinical medicine that is associated with mortality, and poor surgical and nonsurgical outcomes. Sarcopenia is now recognized as a multifactorial geriatric syndrome. Cachexia is defined as a metabolic syndrome with inflammation as the key feature, so cachexia can be an underlying condition of sarcopenia. Recently, cachexia has been defined as a complex metabolic syndrome associated with an underlying illness and characterized by the loss of muscle mass with or without a loss of fat mass. These two conditions overlap but are not the same. In clinical practice, many factors related to sarcopenia (decreased food intake, inactivity, and decreased hormones) are reported frequently in patients with cachexia. On the contrary, systemic inflammation, the core feature of cachexia, can also be present in apparently healthy older sarcopenic patients. This suggests that new therapeutic approaches, alone or in combination, may be appropriate in both conditions.


FUNCTION FOLLOWS FORM in Quantum FFF THEORY. The FORM and MICROSTRUCTURE of elementary particles, is supposed to be the origin of FUNCTIONAL differences between Higgs- Graviton- Photon- and Fermion particles. As a consequence, a NEW splitting, accelerating and pairing MASSLESS BLACK HOLE, able to convert vacuum energy (ZPE) into real energy by entropy decrease, seems to be able to explain quick Galaxy- and Star formation, down to Sunspots, (Micro) Comets, Lightning bolts, Sprite Fireballs and Ball Lightning.


In recent years, Markov logic networks (MLNs) have been proposed as a potentially useful paradigm for music signal analysis. Because all hidden Markov models can be reformulated as MLNs, the latter can provide an all-encompassing framework that reuses and extends previous work in the field. However, just because it is theoretically possible to reformulate previous work as MLNs, does not mean that it is advantageous. In this paper, we analyse some proposed examples of MLNs for musical analysis and consider their practical disadvantages when compared to formulating the same musical dependence relationships as (dynamic) Bayesian networks. We argue that a number of practical hurdles such as the lack of support for sequences and for arbitrary continuous probability distributions make MLNs less than ideal for the proposed musical applications, both in terms of easy of formulation and computational requirements due to their required inference algorithms. These conclusions are not specific to music, but apply to other fields as well, especially when sequential data with continuous observations is involved. Finally, we show that the ideas underlying the proposed examples can be expressed perfectly well in the more commonly used framework of (dynamic) Bayesian networks.


HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
Two patients were admitted to hospital for diagnosis of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Both had chronic pancreatitis with alcohol abuse. Their general condition was satisfactory. Physical examination showed no diagnostic abnormalities other than mild epigastric pain on pressure in one patient.

INVESTIGATIONS
In case 1 angiography revealed pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery as a complication of chronic pancreatitis to be the cause of the bleeding. In case 2 sonography demonstrated multiple pancreatic pseudocysts after recurrent pancreatitis. Duplex sonography revealed one of the cyst to be a partly thrombosed pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery and the source of the bleeding.

TREATMENT AND COURSE
In both cases a fistula between splenic artery and pancreatic duct having been shown to be the source of the bleeding, transcatheter embolisation of the splenic artery with platinum coils was successfully undertaken. Both patients remained symptom-free 4 and 10 months later.

CONCLUSION
Although haemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, given certain features in the patient's history and the clinical findings, it should be included in the differential diagnosis.


Abstract Objectives: To identify lessons from and gaps in research on diet-disease links among former migrants in the United Kingdom (UK). Results: Migrant status and self-identified ethnicity do not match so these terms mask differences in social, nutritional and health status within and between population groups. Some former migrants differ in causes of death from the general population, e.g.: fewer coronary heart disease deaths among Caribbean-born; fewer cancer deaths among Caribbean, South Asian- and East African-born adults. Irish- and Scottish-born have higher mortality from all causes. Experience of risk factors differ also, e.g.: higher prevalences of hypertension and diabetes in Caribbean- and South Asian-born adults than representative samples of the general population; obesity and raised waist-hip circumference ratios in South Asian, African-Caribbean and some Irish-born adults. Former migrants experience long-term disadvantage, associated with more self-defined illness and lower reported physical activity. Nutrient intake data from the few, recent, small-scale studies must be interpreted with caution due to methodological diversity. However, second generation offspring of former migrants appear to adopt British dietary patterns, increasing fat and reducing vegetable, fruit and pulse consumption compared with first generation migrants. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence on why some former migrants but not others experience lower specific mortality than the general population. Dietary intake variations provide important clues particularly when examined by age and migration status. Majority ethnic and younger migrant groups could raise and sustain high fruit and vegetable intakes but lower proportions of fat, by adopting many dietary practices from older migrants. Objective measures of physical activity and longitudinal studies of diets among different ethnic groups are needed to explain diversity in health outcomes and provide for evidence-based action.


Effects of protein precipitators, ethanol and ferric chloride, on yield, resolubility, chemical composition and nutritional value of protein concentrates isolated from industrial potato fruit juice (PFJ) were studied. Optimum precipitating concentrations of ethanol and ferric chloride in PFJ were 4 M (23.1% v/v) and 20 mM (2% w/v), resulting in yield of 69% and 86.5% of total protein, respectively. Contents of total glycoalkaloids and potassium in both protein concentrates were significantly lower (P < 0.05) as compared with contents in PFJ dry matter. Both protein concentrates exhibited high nutritional value; values of essential amino acid index (EAAI) were 81.7% and 82.7%, respectively. Fraction of patatin proteins (39-43 kDa) represented with EAAI value of 86.1% the nutritionally improving protein component. Lipid acyl hydrolase activity of patatin family was not negatively affected by cooled ethanol precipitation. It can be thus suggested that biological and enzymatic activities of this protein family are utilizable after this type of precipitation.


Despite the trend toward curricular reform in the preclinical and core clerkship years, the fourth year of medical school is commonly unstructured, allowing students to take multiple "audition electives" in preparation for residency. Students struggle to identify mentors in their intended specialty in time to plan a well-rounded elective schedule and to prepare adequately for residency selection. The authors described the impact that an innovative fourth-year curriculum, the "College Program" at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California–Los Angeles, which focuses on mentoring and required curricular components, has had on student perceptions of access to career mentors and overall satisfaction with the fourth-year experience. Pre- and postintervention cohorts participated in a 25-question telephone survey about their experience with mentors and overall satisfaction with their fourth year in 2001 and 2003. The Association of American Medical Colleges Graduation Questionnaire was analyzed as a secondary outcome measure, and responses were compared with those of national peers. Data were analyzed using two tailed t tests. Students in the intervention group reported a higher degree of satisfaction with accessibility to mentors and the impact they had on their educational experiences and careers than the preintervention cohort. Despite initial concerns that student freedom was going to be compromised, the students who participated in the College curriculum reported increased satisfaction with an intense foundations course, longitudinal experiences in the clinical setting, and scholarly projects during their senior year. Fourth-year students in the College Program were more likely to identify and develop better relationships with faculty mentors than their preintervention counterparts. They indicated excellent residency preparedness, and their overall impression of the fourth year was favorable.


A new electrostatic positron beam has been constructed and tested. The energy range spans more than three decades, from less than 50 eV to more than 50 keV. The machine can operate in a low-energy mode (50 eV to 2 keV) with a beam diameter (FWHM) from 2.9 to 1.7 mm or in a high-energy mode (1 keV to 50 keV) with a FWHM from 1.4 to 1.0 mm. The transverse spot position on the target is very stable, with wandering being much smaller than the beam diameter. The apparatus transmission function is very flat, with an intensity change of only 30% when going from 10 eV to 50 keV. The product of moderation and optical transmission efficiency is , corresponding to 800-1000 with a 1 mCi source. The apparatus shows low noise in S-parameter measurements. The background of the high-energy wing of the annihilation line is also one of the best reported. Optical and constructional details are given.


This is an analysis of two characters of literature, Fantomas and Arsene Lupin, from the perspective
of their identities as narrative structures of the texts in which they appear, and of the
structuring of connections with the detective-fiction genre and differences from it. Fantomas,
in the first part, comprises various identities, without any real face of his own: we always know
him only as the persona he is disguised as at the time. the narrative scheme of the individual
episodes tends to be such that amongst the closed circle of characters one is a murder victim
and the other character vanishes: it turns out that the latter was not 'the character himself', but
Fantomas in disguise – the murderer. in the first part he is present only by the 'effect' he has,
but remains concealed. the genre of detective fiction in Fantomas is combined with other, sensational
and horror elements of the structure. the article considers the Fantomas ideology of
the anarchistic superman who evades the police and the social order – as opposed to the conservative
ideology of classic detective fiction, which has to do with maintaining the social order.
the author also analyzes rhetorical strategies used to conceal the identity of Fantomas and the
detective Juve by means of false naming. Arsene Lupin, Gentleman-burglar, sometimes also works as a detective. Le chapelet rouge (1934) is essentially a classic work of detective fiction. L'Aiguille Creuse (1909) is written in the code of a novel-feuilleton, where the main plot line, the mystery of the hidden treasure, arches over the rising and falling of the plot (the individual mini-mysteries, which are disrupted in
the course of the story). instead of a problem in Lupin's crime stories (unlike detective stories)
we are faced with the question of how Lupin manages to commit a burglary and, possibly, escape.
the article analyzes, for example, the performative function of Lupin's letter. The function
is concealed. Unlike a visible function it is an illocutionary act with veiled perlocution by which
Lupin achieves something else, hidden from the percipient. this enables Lupin to pull off the
crime. in one of the stories it is the peculiar logic of performativity, whereby the percipient believes
that the given state of affairs has already happened. Only with this conviction (which at the
given moment is not genuine) he causes the state really to come into being after the fact. (Lupin
gives the impression that he has escaped from prison, but in fact is still there.)


Endosalpingiosis is a pathologic phenomenon in which non‐neoplastic fallopian tube epithelium implants in ectopic locations. It is an uncommon and poorly understood condition, with most cases occurring within the abdominopelvic cavity. Cutaneous presentations of endosalpingiosis are even more rare, with only six cases described in international literature to‐date. This report describes an additional case of cutaneous endosalpingiosis. The lesion arose within the scar tissue of a Pfannenstiel incision from 4 years prior in a 24‐year old, previously healthy African American female. Punch biopsy of the lesion revealed a cystic mass lined by PAX8+ ciliated columnar cells and a surrounding fibrotic stroma with focal CD10‐positivity, consistent with a histopathologic diagnosis of endosalpingiosis. In addition, this report provides a comprehensive review of the other documented cases of cutaneous endosalpingiosis, as well as the proposed pathogenesis, histopathologic and clinical features, and potential treatment avenues for this unique clinical entity.


Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a cause of disease in healthy and immunocompromised persons in Latin America. The infection begins after inhalation of the fungal propagules and their thermo-dimorphic shift to yeast form. The development of the disease depends on factors associated with the host immune response and the infectious agent's characteristics, especially virulence. The oxidative stress response is an important virulence attribute in several fungi. In this study, we assessed the enzymatic repertoire of responses to oxidative stress in the Pb18 isolate with different degrees of virulence. The virulence of attenuated Pb18 (aPb18) strain was recovered after several animal passages. Virulent strain (vPb18) showed an effective fungal oxidative stress response and several genes involved in response to oxidative stress were up-regulated in this isolate. These genes expressed the same profile when we recovered the phenotypic virulence in attenuated strain aPb18. Our study demonstrated that attenuated P. brasiliensis recovered their virulence after serial animal passages (vPb18), and this process positively modulated the fungus's antioxidant repertoire.


An overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein has been demonstrated in the breast cancer and has been associated with a poor prognosis. Our study involved 23 cases of mammary Paget's disease which was found to be associated with the intraductal carcinomas in 13 cases, the intraductal carcinomas supposed micro-invasive in 2 cases, the infiltrating ductal carcinomas with predominant intraductal component in 6 cases and the infiltrating ductal carcinomas in 2 cases. The presence of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein has been determined immunohistochemically with 3 different antibodies: rabbit anti-human c-erbB-2 oncoprotein A485 (Dako), c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (internal domain) mouse monoclonal antibody NCL-CB11 (Novocastra), and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein (external domain) mouse monoclonal antibody NCL-CBE1 (Novocastra). An overexpression of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein has been observed in 21 of the 23 studied cases. We noted an intense membrane staining in the intraepidermal or intraglandular tumour cells of mammary Paget's disease. Any staining has been observed in 2 cases with glandular component of pure intraductal type. These results are identical whatever the antibody used. In a previous study concerning mammary Paget's disease, it has been noted a correlation between this overexpression and presence of large malignant cells. We also have found this notion in mammary Paget's disease where the c-erbB-2 positive neoplastic cells in the different tumour components were large with prominent cytoplasm. The obtained results argue strongly for adenocarcinomatous origin for mammary Paget's disease and exhibit that the overexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was not constantly in correlation with a poor prognosis.


ABSTRACT The molecular triggers of sexual differentiation into gametocytes by blood stage Plasmodium falciparum, the most malignant human malaria parasites, are subject of much investigation for potential transmission-blocking strategies. The parasites are readily grown in vitro with culture media supplemented by the addition of human serum (10%) or by a commercially available substitute (0.5% AlbuMAX). We found better gametocytemia with serum than AlbuMAX, suggesting suboptimal concentrations of some components in the commercial product; consistent with this hypothesis, substantial concentration differences of multiple fatty acids were detected between serum- and AlbuMAX-supplemented media. Mass spectroscopy analysis distinguished the lipid profiles of gametocyte- and asexual stage-parasite membranes. Delivery of various combinations of unsaturated fatty-acid-containing phospholipids to AlbuMAX-supported gametocyte cultures improved gametocyte production to the levels achieved with human-serum-supplemented media. Maturing gametocytes readily incorporated externally supplied d5-labeled glycerol with fatty acids into unsaturated phospholipids. Phospholipids identified in this work thus may be taken up from extracellular sources or generated internally for important steps of gametocyte development. Further study of polyunsaturated fatty-acid metabolism and phospholipid profiles will improve understanding of gametocyte development and malaria parasite transmission. Summary: Supplementation of extracellular lipids with unsaturated fatty acids can boost the production of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes under laboratory culture conditions. Lipid uptake and metabolism are important processes for sustainable gametocytogenesis.


The Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) service allows short text messages to be broadcast to all capable mobile devices in a specified geographic area. Although it enjoys nationwide reach, the current WEA service has limitations that impede its public acceptance. These limitations include imprecise geographical targeting of alerts, which reduces the alerts' relevance to many recipients, increasing the likelihood of these recipients to opt out of receiving alerts or stop paying attention. The growing capabilities of smart phones, such as improved location awareness and increased computing power, provide opportunities to alleviate the limitations by personalizing targeted alerts and allowing optimized alert delivery decisions. Motivated by these opportunities, we designed and developed a prototypical, enhanced end-to-end WEA service that includes an alert creation subsystem, a message delivery subsystem, and a smart phone application for capturing, processing, and presenting simulated alerts to recipients. We conducted two public trials with over 225 subjects to evaluate several WEA enhancements using this service. The evaluated enhancements included (1) augmenting WEA messages with highinformation maps, (2) precise geographical targeting of alerts, and (3) use of the recipient's location history to influence the alert delivery decision. Our results suggest significant added value for all three enhancements, making them worthy of consideration for future WEA implementations.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcome of two-point internal fixation versus three-point internal fixation for the treatment of zygoma fractures.

METHODS
The quassi-experimental study was conducted at the King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from April to September 2016, and comprised patients with zygomatic bone fracture who were randomly divided into two groups. In Group A, patients were treated with two-point fixation and in Group B, patients were treated with three-point fixation. All patients were treated by the same consultant. Patients were followed up on first, third and sixth week postoperatively and malar height and mouth opening were recorded at the sixth week follow-up. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.

RESULTS
Of the 60 patients, there were 30(50%) in each of the two groups. There were 39(65%) males and 21(35%) females. The mean age in Group A was 29.56±9.89 years (range: 17-50 years), while in Group-B it was 29.45±8.68 years (range: 17-49 years). Mean malar height at 6th week post-operative follow up showed a significant reduction in Group B compared to Group A (p= 0.001). Significant improvement in mouth opening was seen in Group B compared to Group A (p= 0.034).

CONCLUSIONS
Three-point fixation was found to give more stable reduction compared to 2-point fixation for treating zygomatic bone fractures in terms of malar height and mouth opening.


Introduction. Factors that cause failure of endodontic therapy include incomplete cleaning and shaping of root canals and unhermetic obturation. Endodontic failure can lead to periapical lesions. Apicoectomy is one of endodontic surgery treatment choice to preserving the tooth with endodontic treatment failure. Aim. The aim of this report was to show that in cases of failure of root canal treatment could be treat without extraction, however there was an alternative treatments such as apicoectomy that could be used to preserve the tooth and its function in the oral cavity.Case. A male 32 years old patient came to dentist with persistent pain on upper left first premolar. The tooth had been endodontically treated for ten years. Clinical examination tooth #24 had porcelain fused to metal on it, percussion test (+), bite test (+), pain on palpation. Radiographic examination showed that tooth #24 had fabricated post without gutta percha obturation on apical third. There was 3 mm round periapical lesion on the distal side of the tooth. Procedure Apicoectomy and retrograde filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and bone graft was performed to eliminate that periapical lesion. Conclusion Apicoectomy is one of main choice to preserve post endodontic tooth with periapical lesion and post core crown on it, as long as possible in oral cavity
Keywords : Apicoectomy, Periapical lesion, Post endodontic treatment failure


A study of the effect of thickness on surface charge characteristics of HgI2:CdS binder layer was conducted. It was found that surface potential, discharge rate and xerographic gain (G) increased with increase in thickness of the layer. Other characteristics such as Q-V curves, mode of discharge and reciprocity law were found to be independent of thickness. The thickness of the sample was varied from 0.022 to 0.031 cm. The mode of discharge was found to depend on the photoemission efficiency of the photoreceptor.


Objective
To explore the relationship between education level and high-risk population among stroke screening populations in Zunyi City, China.

Methods
The cluster sampling method was adopted to collect the medical history, laboratory examinations and physical examinations for the permanent residents of Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. Taking education level as a key socioeconomic status (SES) indicator, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of high-risk groups with different education levels.

Results
Among the included 4149 subjects, 494 were in the high-risk group and 3655 were in the non-high-risk group. The proportion of the high-risk population with education level ≥ high secondary school (8.7%) was significantly higher than that of the low-risk population. After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, the OR of those with education leve l ≥ high secondary school was 2.8 (95% CI 1.9-4.2), which was significantly higher than those with education level of illiterate/primary school. In the model adjusted for all confounding factors, compared with illiterate/primary school, people with education level ≥ high secondary school were more likely to be at high risk of stroke (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.9-4.6).

Conclusion
Education level ≥ high secondary school is an independent influencing factor for the high-risk population of stroke in Zunyi, which may be related to smoking and lipid metabolism abnormalities of people with high education level. Key interventions for high-risk populations with high education levels may have positive significance in reducing the incidence of stroke.


Objective To establish a primary culture technique for 5-day-old rat hippocampal neurons and investigate the hypoxia tolerance of this kind of neurons.Methods To improve primary culture technique suitable for 5 days old rat hippocampal neurons,the neurons were divided into the oxygenation group and control group.Inverted microscope and immunohistochemistry of NF were performed to assess the growth and morphology of the cells.The neurons from 5-day-old and 1-day-old rats were exposed to hypoxia condition(0%02,5%CO_2 and 95%N_2)for 12h or 24h after 1 week primary culture,respectively.MTT cell assays measured cell viability.Results(1)The growth ofhippocampal neurons from 5-day-old rats in the oxygenation group was more vigorous than in the control group.(2) The cell viability of neurons from 1-day-old rat and 5-day-old rats with 12 h hypoxia exposure were (81.5±2.3)%(n=8)and(89.4±2.2)%(n=6)(P 0.01)respectively,while that with 24 h hypoxia exposure were(75.0±2.8)%(n=8)and(85.0±2.2)%(n=6)(P0.01)respectively.During hypoxia,the hippocampal neurons disassociated from 5-day-old rats were more tolerant than that from 1-day-old rats.Conclusion The oxygenation during dissection and culture of hippocampal neurons was beneficial to the growth of neurons,and the hypoxia tolerance of 5-day-old rats hippocampal neurons were better than the that of 1-day-old neurons.


In this paper, we propose a novel iterative greedy reconstruction algorithm, called iterative pseudo-inverse multi-plication (IPIM), for fast reconstruction of the target signal in Compressive Sensing (CS). Compared with the state-of-art greedy algorithms such as CoSamp and SP, IPIM need not calculate the pseudo-inverse at a cost of O(K2M) at each iteration, where the sparsity K means that the N-length signal can be approximated by K coefficients, and M is the length of the measurement. No matter how big the sparsity K is, the iteration complexity of IPIM maintains O(MN). In order to obtain the same reconstruction quality, computational experiments show that IPIM spends much less time than the competing algorithms when K is relatively large especially K >; √N.


Recent nation-wide surveys of the Jews of France yielded a detailed picture of this community, one of the largest Jewish Diaspora populations, with a long and rich history. This book presents results and analyses of this survey for the first time in English. Key issues explored include demographics, representations of Jewish identity, expressions of community solidarity, social issues, and values. Data was analyzed using multi-dimensional techniques, revealing underlying structural relationships and an axiological typology. The translation of the French edition was expanded for accessibility to an English-speaking audience, including a background on history, socio-political climate and related philosophical works. The cumulative result is the most up-to-date and comprehensive look at the Jews of France at the turn of the third millennium.


Each year 235,000 STATS 19 road accident report forms are completed by police officers in Great Britain about road accidents on the public highway which included human injury or death. Similar practices are carried out in many countries and the resulting databases are potentially a valuable resource for researchers concerned with road user safety. This paper describes the activities conducted and difficulties encountered during a study conducted to assess the feasibility of using such databases to initiate gathering detailed injury information concerning casualties involved in any accident type of interest on the highway. For the pilot study an evaluation of injury reduction effectiveness of drivers airbags in selected car models has been undertaken, but it is shown that the methodology used is widely applicable and could be used not only to target accidents such as those involving vulnerable road users, but also any internationally rare event, for example cases where serious injury has occurred despite an airbag having deployed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E107709.


OBJECTIVES
To estimate the relevance of post-surgical neck nodal classification (pN) on the global survival of patients with advanced tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx, primarily treated with surgery including neck dissection (ND). To understand the prognostic significance of metastatic lymph nodes' extracapsular spread (ECS) and its impact on survival.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective review of patients primarily submitted for total laryngectomy (TL) with either elective or therapeutic bilateral ND. Overall and disease-free survival was analysed according to post-operative histopathological ND results, concerning the presence or absence of nodal involvement, number of affected nodes and the existence of ECS.

RESULTS
One hundred and twenty patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. Concerning nodal involvement, the histopathological evaluation demonstrated positive lymph nodes in 46.6% of the cN0 patients. The rate of patients alive after 2 years of follow-up, based on pN analysis, was 88.1% for the pN0 group, 65.4% for the group N+ without ECS, 46.2% for the N+ ECS+ (1 node) and 15.4% for the N+ ECS+ (more than 1 node) group (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates a high prevalence of occult neck disease in tumours of the larynx and hypopharynx. The involvement of metastatic cervical lymph nodes has a negative impact on survival. Patients with multinodal ECS have a poorer survival, reflected by a higher rate of loco-regional and distant metastases, when compared to ECS in one single lymph node.


Noradrenaline: a circulating inhibitor of sodium transport D N Baron, FRCPATH, and others; A Riozzi, BSC, and others; J A Millar, MRCP, and P M Bramley, BSC ...................... 151 Lymphocytes are rhythmic: is this important? A G Fennerty, MRCP, and others; J S Dixon, PHD, and others ........................ 152 Certifying death in infancy M R Alderson, FFCM, and others......... 153 Coronary artery bypass grafting R B Pridi , FRCR; Elizabeth NA Russell, FFCM; R R West, PHD, and Jean M Weddell, FFCM; B S Smith, FRCP; D H Spodick, MD 153 Hospital building in the NHS F J Gibbins, FRCP ....... .............. 154 Algorithm for modified alkaline diuresis in salicylate poisoning J A Vale, MD, and others; I J Gordon, MRCP 155 Clinical algorithms: generalised pruritus A Munro, MD; R H Champion, FRCP...... 155 Value of follow up in testicular cancer G Read, FRCR, and others ............... 155 Trimethoprim resistance in Gram negative urinary pathogens Rosalind Maskell, DM ................... 156 Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss W H Taylor, FRCP; Lisbeth Nilas, MD, and others ............ ................ 156 Instructions for inhalers A L Pozniak, MRCP, and N McI Johnson, MD 157 Acute diarrhoea in children W A M Cutting, FRCPED, and Fiona M Hardy, MRCGP ............ ............ 157 Can we have safer cigarettes? F Ledwith, PHD, and Matti Rimpela, MD.. 157 Tobacco tarred gold? Gabriel Scally, MFCM ...... ............. 158 "Tobacco teabags" A S High, FDS RCSED ..... .............. 158 Serum cortisol concentrations during low dose dexamethasone suppression test to screen for Cushing's syndrome D Mattinglv, FRCP, and Christine Tyler, PHD; L Kennedy, MD, and others........ 158 Plasma theophylline concentrations, six minute walking distances, and breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow obstruction A J Miller, MRCP, and others; W V Evans, MRCP; A C Davidson, MRCP, and C B Cooper, MRCP ...... ................... 159 Reliability of cardiotocography in predicting baby's condition at birth Mary Pillai, MB; M J Whittle, MRCOG; P Curzen, FRCOG, and others ............ 160 Cardiac arrest after treatment with intravenous domperidone H A Cameron, MRCP, and others......... 160


A new optical system for measuring the slope, thickness and wave velocity of a liquid film flow is presented. The theory of the system is discussed and the equations derived are employed in simulations involving film flow with low- and high-amplitude waves. The results, which show that it is possible to determine the three parameters for a low-amplitude wave, while only the wave velocity may be found for a high-amplitude wave, may have potential applications in multi-phase flow systems.


We develop a method for providing quantitative estimates for higher order correlations of group actions. In particular, we establish effective mixing of all orders for actions of semisimple Lie groups as well as semisimple $S$-algebraic groups and semisimple adele groups.
As an application, we deduce existence of approximate configurations in lattices of semisimple groups.


The use of fluorides to address dental caries experience in populations was one of the biggest successes of public health in the twentieth century. The widespread use of fluorides also brought fluorosis to areas that otherwise would not be affected. This chapter briefly discusses the impact of fluorides on dental caries and amelogenesis and emphasizes the impact of fluorides on genes that are relevant to amelogenesis, dental caries, erosive tooth wear, and fluorosis.


Advances in voice-controlled assistants paved the way into the consumer market. For professional or industrial use, the capabilities of such assistants are too limited or too time-consuming to implement due to the higher complexity of data, possible AI-based operations, and requests. In the light of these deficits, this paper presents Insightful Assistant---a pipeline concept based on a novel operation graph representation resulting from the intents detected. Using a predefined set of semantically annotated (executable) functions, each node of the operation graph is assigned to a function for execution. Besides basic operations, such functions can contain artificial intelligence (AI) based operations (e.g., anomaly detection). The result is then visualized to the user according to type and extracted user preferences in an automated way. We further collected a unique crowd-sourced set of 869 requests, each with four different variants expected visualization, for an industrial dataset. The evaluation of our proof-of-concept prototype on this dataset shows its feasibility: it achieves an accuracy of up to 95.0% (74.5%) for simple (complex) request detection with different variants and a top3-accuracy up to 95.4% for data-/user-adaptive visualization.


There are many test methods to measure the impact resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete that are complicated, time consuming, and expensive. A practical test method has been developed to measure the impact resistance of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete (HSFRC). The equipment developed can also be used for testing aggregate impact values by simply changing the base plate of the machine. A machine was developed to measure the surface abrasion resistance of HSFRC. Testing fiber-reinforced concrete for surface abrasion resistance was found to be extremely difficult if realistic and practical results were desired. In this study the influence of silica fume on the properties of HSFRC was investigated by using silica fume at two different percentages and with three different hooked-end fibers, namely, 30/0.50, 60/0.80, and 50/0.60 length/diameter (mm/mm). Fibers were added to concrete in three different percentages of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% by volume of concrete. The results show that including fibers in high-strength concrete improves impact resistance, surface abrasion, and splitting tensile strength.


Introduction. The relationship between chronic abacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and male infertility is the subject of numerous studies, and therefore various methods for correcting pathospermia have been proposed. The main concept is that in one way or another it is necessary to create conditions for a more perfect penetration of drugs into the zone of the prostate-vesicular complex. In this regard, the search for new and pathogenetically substantiated methods of therapy for such a patient seems to be very relevant Aim of study. To evaluate the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia on reproductive and copulatory functions of men in the complex treatment of CP/CPPS. Materials and methods. The study involved 24 patients who applied to a urologist with complaints about the absence of conception in marriage for 1 year or more. The examination revealed pathospermia and symptoms of CP/CPPS in these patients. Assessment of the severity of symptoms of CP/CPPS was assessed using a questionnaire on the symptoms of chronic prostatitis using the NIH-CPSI questionnaire. In order to identify and monitor violations of the male copulatory function, ICF questionnaires created by O.B. Loran and A.S. Segal and the International Index of Erectile Function (MIEF-5). Reproductive function analysis was monitored using a semen analysis and sperm DNA fragmentation index test. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 12 people. Both groups received phenotypically directed pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. For patients of the 2nd group, the complex treatment included breathing training procedures using the carbonic simulator, which ensures blood saturation with CO2, leading to the effect of hypercapnic hypoxia. This phenomenon contributes to angiogenesis and improvement of blood circulation in organs and systems. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Results. According to the results of the NIH-CPSI questionnaire, 3 months after treatment, therapy in patients of group number 2 was more effective. According to the results of the MIEF 5 and ICF questionnaires in patients with CP/CPPS, a violation of erectile and ejaculatory function was revealed, and according to the results of the spermogram and the sperm DNA fragmentation test (IFD), pathospermia was noted, which was expressed in a decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa (group number 1 – 15.3 ± 1.6 million / ml, group number 2 – 16.8±2.2 million/ml), their progressive mobility (group number 1 – 24 ± 2.6%, and in group number 2 23.25 ± 2.9%.), normal morphology (group number 1 – 2.1 ± 0.17%, group number 2 – 2.5 ± 0.29%) and an increase in IFD (group number 1 – 17.9 ± 2.06%, group number 2 – 19.75± 1.9%). 3 months after treatment, the concentration of spermatozoa was 21.1±2.16 million/ml in group number 1, and 31.8±2.5 million/ml in group number 2. Progressive mobility in group number 1 – 31.4±2.2%, in group number 2 – 38.4±1.9%. Normal morphology in group number 1 is 3.1 ± 0.32%, in group number 2 – 4.6 ± 0.6%. IFD in group number 1 – 12.25 ± 0.6%, in group number 2 – 7.8 ± 1.3%. Conclusion. Patients of the group number 2, who trained on the breathing device «carbonic», achieved a more significant clinical effect from the therapy. Hypercapnic hypoxia, in the complex treatment of CP/CPPS, can contribute not only to the relief of pain and dysuric symptoms, but also to improve both the copulative and reproductive functions of men.


In this paper we propose a method for standard cell placement with support for dual supply voltages, aiming to reduce total power under timing constraints and to implement voltage islands with minimal overheads. The method begins with timing and power driven coarse placement, followed by a few iterations between voltage assignment and placement refinement to generate voltage islands. Several techniques, including timing and power driven net weighting, seed growth based voltage assignment, and soft clustering strategy for placement refinements are employed in our implementation. Experimental results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show that our approach is able to produce feasible placement for dual-Vdd designs and significantly reduce total power with a wirelength increase within 14% compared to a power and timing driven placer without voltage islands


Solitary benign fibrous tumors of the pleura are very rare. Seven patients (mean age, 52 years) who presented between 1995 and 2005 were studied retrospectively. They had nonspecific chest symptoms and no history of asbestos exposure or smoking. Chest radiography showed a large opacity occupying most of the affected hemithorax, with clear costophrenic angles. Computed tomography of the chest showed a large well-delineated heterogeneous mass directly related to the lateral chest wall. Needle biopsy suggested the benign nature of the lesion. Surgery was performed through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Five tumors arose from visceral pleura, and 2 from parietal pleura. The mean tumor diameter was 7.5 cm (range, 8–14 cm). Complete surgical excision was carried out in all cases. Histopathology and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the benign nature of the tumors. There was no mortality or major complication. The mean follow-up period was 4 years (range, 1–10 years). All patients remained tumor-free during follow-up. Wide local excision, including pulmonary and pleural resection, is recommended as the best therapeutic option.


A rhodium complex based on the bis-phosphine carbazolide pincer ligand was investigated in the context of alkane dehydrogenation and in comparison with its iridium analogue. (carb-PNP)RhH 2 was found to catalyze cyclooctane/ t -butylethylene (COA/TBE) transfer dehydrogenation with a turnover frequency up to 10 min (cid:1) 1 and turnover numbers up to 340, in marked contrast with the inactive Ir analogue. TONs were limited by catalyst decomposition. Through a combination of mechanistic, experimental and computational (DFT) studies the di ff erence between the Rh and Ir analogues was found to be attributable to the much greater accessibility of the 14-electron (carb-PNP)M( I ) fragment in the case of Rh. In contrast, Ir is more strongly biased toward the M( III ) oxidation state. Thus (carb-PNP)RhH 2 but not (carb-PNP)IrH 2 can be dehydrogenated by sacri fi cial hydrogen acceptors, particularly TBE. The rate-limiting segment of the (carb-PNP)Rh-catalyzed COA/TBE transfer dehydrogenation cycle is found to be the dehydrogenation of COA. Within this segment, the rate-determining step is calculated to be (carb-PNP)Rh(cyclooctyl)(H) undergoing formation of a b -H agostic intermediate, while the reverse step (loss of a b -H agostic interaction) is rate-limiting for hydrogenation of the acceptors TBE and ethylene. Such a step has not previously been proposed as rate-limiting in the context of alkane dehydrogenation, nor, to our knowledge, has the reverse step been proposed as rate-limiting for ole fi n hydrogenation.


Data from observational studies suggest that migraine may be a risk factor for stroke. Furthermore, a significant association between migraine and ischemic stroke (IS) has been demonstrated in population and case–control studies. The risk of IS appears to be higher for migraine with aura than for migraine without aura. The pathogenesis is not known but several studies report some common biochemical mechanisms in the two diseases. Meta‐analysis also demonstrates that subjects with migraine are at higher risk of showing white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance images than are those without migraine.


We present an optimization procedure based on a hybrid version of an evolutionary multi-objective decision-making algorithm for its application in urban freight transportation planning problems. This tool is intended to solve the planning problems of a merchandise distribution firm that dispatches small volume fractional loads of fresh foods on daily schedules. The firm owns a network of distribution centers supplying a large number of small businesses in Buenos Aires and its surroundings. The recombination operator of the evolutionary algorithm used here has been designed specifically for this problem. It is intended to embody a strategy that takes into account constraints like temporary closeness, closeness time window and connectivity in order to improve its performance in the clustering phase. The representation allows incorporating specific information about the actual instances of the problem and uses adaptive control of the parameters in the calibration stage. The performance of the proposed optimizer was tested against the results obtained by two evolutionary algorithms, NSGA II and SPEA 2, widely used in similar problems. We use hypervolume as a measure of convergence and dispersion of Pareto fronts. The statistical analysis of the results obtained with the three algorithms uses the Wilcoxon rank sum test, which yields evidence that our procedure provides good results.


Abstract Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is defined as protrusion of the meninges and brain components into a congenital defect in the cranium or in the vertebral column. It was originally described by Austrian pathologist Hans Chiari. Among the four types, type-III ACM is the rarest and may associate with encephalocele. We report a case of type-III ACM associated with large occipitomeningoencephalocele with herniation of dysmorphic cerebellum, vermis, kinking/herniation of medulla with cerebrospinal fluid, tethering of spinal cord with posterior arch defect of C1–C3 vertebrae. The anaesthetic challenge for such patients lies in the proper preoperative work up; proper positioning of the patient during intubation; safe anaesthetic induction; intraoperative management of intracranial pressure, normothermia, and fluid and blood loss; and postoperative planning of extubation to prevent aspiration are the prerequisites to overcome the dificult airway management and anaesthetic challenge in the management of type III ACM.


OBJECTIVE
To document peri operative and post operative complication observed after hysterectomy, regardless of route on the operator.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A hospital based prospective study was carried out in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, KMCTH Sinamangal for six months. The study was carried out in patients undergoing hysterectomy who were followed from the time of admission to the time of discharge and two weeks thereafter. And followings were noted--Indication; route of hysterectomy, intraoperative and postoperative morbidities during hospital stay and after two weeks of discharge was noted.

RESULT
Total number of hysterectomy carried out was 50. 31 (62%) were Total abdominal hysterectomy, and 19 (38%) were vaginal hysterectomy. Indication for total abdominal hysterectomy were fibroid uterus 12 (24%), DUB 8 (16%), CIN 4 (8%), chronic cervicitis 1 (2%). II U-V prolapse with previous LSCS 1 (2%), endometriosis 1 (2%). Prophylactic for Ca breast 1 (2%), Postmenopausal bleeding 1 (2%). All cases of vaginal hysterectomy were performed for 2nd degree U-V prolapse. Intra operative complication during surgery were two cases of haemorrhage (4%) each in both total abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy. There was one case of bladder injury during abdominal hysterectomy. Postoperative complication noted were febrile morbidity 1 (2%) in abdominal hysterectomy. Urinary tract infection remains the single most common febrile morbidity. There was one case of secondary haemorrhage in both type of hysterectomy. One was managed conservatively and other required laparotomy. There were three (6%) cases of wound infection in abdominal hysterectomy of two which were sanguineous discharge and one was frank pus which required secondary suture.


Additive models have been the preferential choice in nonlinear modeling: parametric or nonparametric, of conditional mean or variance. A new class of nonlinear additive varying coefficient models is presented in this paper. The coefficients are modeled by neural networks (multilayer perceptrons) and, both the conditional mean and conditional variance, are explicitly modeled. The learning algorithm of the neural network is based on a concept of likelihood maximization. Case studies with a nonlinear in variance synthetic series and a non-linear in mean real series are presented.


I ntroduction The unconditional defeat of Nazi Germany, with its egregious doctrine of racial superiority and its unspeakable policies of extermination and enslavement, had a profound influence on postwar law and moral thought. The legal documents through which the Allies sought to articulate the values and to establish the institutions of a new international framework explicitly affirmed the moral principle that all humans possess equal and inherent dignity. Thus, the Charter of the United Nations stated that among the purposes of the organization were "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion." And the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declared that "recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world." The principles of human dignity and equality are extremely abstract, and various specifications of them are found in the international human rights agreements that came into force in the decades after the war. But developments in international criminal law also helped to specify and implement the principles by explicitly defining two crimes: genocide and crimes against humanity. Genocide was defined by a postwar international convention in terms of certain acts "committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such."


likely that more subjects with unidentified hypertension would tend to be classified as normotensive than the reverse, tending to inflate the normotensive group at the expense of the untreated hypertension group. Given all these uncertainties little can be concluded-for reasons which Dr Black and others may well understand but to which little lip service is paid. They acknowledge uncertainty in the prospective categorisation of stroke by reserving an "unknown" category but apparently are confident that retrospectively they have been able to identify patients' blood pressure state (normotensive, treated, or untreated hypertensive) with accuracy and without bias. (Even prospectively, how much risk to assign to a known blood pressure measurement and how to measure the adequacy of treatment are difficult questions.) One further criticism is that having determined that there was an excess of cases of haemorrhage and a deficit of cases of infarction in the "untreated hypertension" group the finding of the converse in the "treated hypertension" group is not unexpected on the basis of chance alone given the limited number of degrees of freedom remaining-and as such carries no additional information.


-1 ) under laboratory conditions with two replications. The PVA solutions were sprayed on soil samples and two consecutive rain storms (65 mm h -1 ) were applied on the experimental soils. Erosion plot was weighted under a platform that has 4 infrared lamps (250 W) at 16 h between two consecutive simulated rainfalls. The results showed that the PVA treatments decreased runoff and soil loss significantly in Typic Xerofluvent, soils in 1st and 2nd simulated rainfall, and Aquic Xeropsamment soils in the second rainfall applications.


OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to measure pH changes during 14 days intracoronal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide/sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide/sodium perborate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty patients presenting endodontically treated central maxillary incisors with color alterations were divided in two groups (n = 10): Group CP + SP: 37% carbamide peroxide + sodium perborate paste; Group HP + SP: 30% hydrogen peroxide + sodium perborate paste. The pH values were measured using a digital microprocessor at different times: Baseline, 2, 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS
ANOVA showed p < 0.00 which indicated significant difference between the groups. The mean values (± sd) and the results of the Tukey´s test were: HP + SP/14 days-7.98 (±0.58)a; HP + SP/7 days-8.59 (±0.18)b; HP + SP/2 days- 8.83 (±0.32)bc; HP + SP/Baseline-8.83 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/ Baseline-8.89 (±0.01)bc; CP + SP/14 days-9.11 (±0.58)cd; CP + SP/7 days-9.54 (±0.16)de; CP + SP/2 days-9.66 (±0.08) de. The group HP + SP resulted in significantly lower pH values compared with group CP + SP.

CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that both associations showed alkaline pH values; however, there was significant reduction in the pH values of the 30% hydrogen peroxide associated with sodium perborate after 14 days.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The association of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide with sodium perborate paste presented alkaline characteristics during the 14-day evaluated period. Thus, regarding pH changes, both associations can be considered safe as intracoronal bleaching agents.


Myocardial fibrosis is one of the most common manifestations of several cardiomyopathies and one of the main predictors of future cardiac events. Magnetic resonance imaging has been established as an emerging and powerful modality for the differentiation between healthy and non-healthy myocardium in a broad spectrum of cardiac diseases. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is the reference technique for the visualization of myocardial scar and focal fibrosis, however it cannot visualize diffuse fibrosis. In contrast, quantitative myocardial T1 mapping allows the detection of both local and diffuse fibrosis, and it has been investigated as a potential new diagnostic tool for the assessment of different cardiomyopathies. Several T1 mapping techniques have been proposed in the last ten years, which are mostly restricted to two-dimensional (2D) imaging with limited spatial resolution, allowing the acquisition of a single slice in one breath-hold. In contrast, free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) quantitative T1 mapping benefits from a complete myocardial coverage with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution than a 2D acquisition. However, 3D acquisitions require longer scan time and consequently a free-breathing acquisition is mandatory. In this work a new 3D saturation recovery T1 mapping technique, called 3D SASHA, is presented, which provides whole-heart coverage during free-breathing. For respiratory motion compensation a 1D diaphragmatic navigator was used. However, this approach may only achieve a scan efficiency of approximately 50%, prolonging the scan time considerably. To shorten the acquisition a new solution is proposed, which instead combines the 3D SASHA imaging sequence with a 2D fat image navigator (fat-iNAV) for respiratory motion compensation. Motion estimation from the fat-iNAV may be more robust as image contrast using fat excitation is less affected by signal changes caused by the different saturation times compared to a water signal based navigator due to the short T1 of fat. The proposed fat-iNAV permits to estimate the respiratory motion of the heart with a higher accuracy, allowing 100% respiratory scan efficiency and predictable scan time. Another important aspect of the myocardial T1 mapping technique is to ensure an optimal trade-off between accuracy and precision. 3D SASHA imaging technique has shown higher accuracy in the estimation of the myocardial T1 than the clinically used inversion recovery based 2D MOLLI technique, but has lower precision. Here, a new approach is proposed, which combines the 3D SASHA sequence with a post-processing 3D Beltrami denoising method to improve the precision while maintaining the accuracy. After denoising, the precision of the 3D SASHA myocardial T1 mapping is substantially improved and is similar to that of 2D MOLLI T1 mapping, while preserving the higher accuracy and whole coverage of 3D SASHA. In addition, the proposed 3D Beltrami denoising approach is used to accelerate the 3D SASHA acquisition by reducing the number of T1-weighted images (from nine to three) used for the fitting process without affecting the accuracy and precision of the T1 map.


Various factors affect dissolution of mercury from dental amalgams. In this study we examined the effect of temperature on the release of mercury from two dental amalgams, namely an admixed high-copper amalgam (Contour) and a new tin- and copper-free amalgam (Composil). Ten cylindrically-shaped specimens of each type of amalgam were used in this investigation, and were divided into two equal groups. The five specimens in each group were each incubated in 10 ml purified water at either 37 degrees C or 60 degrees C, with a change of water every 24 h over an 8-day period. The quantity of mercury released from each amalgam specimen during each incubation period was expressed as micrograms cm-2 24 h-1. The amount of mercury released was estimated by cold-vapour atomic spectrometry. The results demonstrate that specimens incubated at 60 degrees C released significantly larger amounts of mercury than specimens incubated at 37 degrees C for both types of amalgam. The release of mercury by Composil was significantly greater than that by Contour (P less than or equal to 0.0001) for both temperatures studied. Raising the incubation temperature caused a disproportionate increase in mercury release from Composil compared to Contour.


Pesticides have increased food production, a necessity to meet the growing demands of an ever-increasing human population. However, the undesired side effects of pesticide application has become a major health concern. Carbosulfan, a commonly used pesticide, is reported to be genotoxic in various test systems both in' vivo and in vitro. However, no report on the cytogenetic effects of carbosulfan in avian test system could be found In the present study, the genotoxic potential of carbosulfan was evaluated using micronucleus frequency as cytogenetic endpoint in bone marrow as well as peripheral blood cells of chicks. All the three acute doses (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) of carbosulfan induced significant dose-dependent increase in the frequency of micronucleus. The presentfindings suggest that carbosulfan is a potent genotoxic agent in avian system. To our knowledge the present study is the first report on the genotoxic potential of carbosulfan in avian system.


Since prognosis seems to vary according to which of several possible types of disease is present, the first step is renal biopsy and histologic classification. Management options thereafter-both conventional (steroid therapy) and investigational (cytotoxic agents plus steroids, thymic hormone replacement, steroid "pulse" therapy)-are discussed in terms of recent clincal results and theoretical mechanisms of action.


Various experiments show an alarming lack of anti-spoofing mechanisms in devices already protecting many sensitive areas all over the world, proving that aliveness detection methods must be quickly included in commercial equipment. To introduce and systemize the topic, the paper begins with a survey of possible types of eye forgery, together with possible countermeasures. The authors introduce three solutions of eye aliveness detection, based on analyses of image frequency spectrum, controlled light reflection from the cornea, and pupil dynamics. A body of various fake (printed) eye images was used to test the developed methodologies, including different printers and printout carriers. The proposed methodology was embedded into the NASK iris recognition system and showed its large potential. For a local database of pairs of alive and printed eyes, all methods proposed in the paper revealed zero false acceptance rate of fakes FAR-F. The false rejection rate of genuines FRR-G reached 2.8% for the first proposed solution, and showed null value for the next two proposed methods. This very favorable compares to the commercial equipment tested: two popular iris cameras accepted 73% and 15% of the prepared fake irises


We describe the Gun Violence Database (GVDB), a large and growing database of gun violence incidents in the United States. The GVDB is built from the detailed information found in local news reports about gun violence, and is constructed via a large-scale crowdsourced annotation effort through our web site, this http URL We argue that centralized and publicly available data about gun violence can facilitate scientific, fact-based discussion about a topic that is often dominated by politics and emotion. We describe our efforts to automate the construction of the database using state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) technologies, eventually enabling a fully-automated, highly-scalable resource for research on this important public health problem.


Purpose: Women affected with invasive breast cancer generally undergo sentinel node biopsy (SNB) of the axilla, which is followed by axillary dissection if lymph node metastases are found. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the utility of preoperative axillary ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in terms of staging the axilla and preventing futile SNB. Methods: We systemically searched Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane through March 14, 2011, for studies addressing preoperative assessment of axillary lymph node (ALN) status by axillary ultrasound and biopsy. Eligible studies had to report on biopsy indication and method, and true and false positive and negative outcomes. A pooled estimate was calculated for prevalence of futile SNB (defined as the proportion of patients needing secondary ALN dissection after a negative axillary ultrasound and biopsy) and sensitivity (defined as the proportion of patients with ALN involvement detected by axillary ultrasound and biopsy). Results: Twenty-three studies were included which reported on a total of 6205 procedures. The pooled prevalence of futile SNB was 25% (95% CI = 23% to 27%) and the pooled sensitivity was 51% (95% CI = 43% to 59%). There was substantial heterogeneity across studies for both futile SNB prevalence (I 2 = 60.5) and sensitivity (I 2 = 93.3), which could not be explained by between-study differences in biopsy technique, inclusion criteria, biopsy indication or study design. Sensitivity was increased in studies with a high prevalence of axillary lymph node metastases. Conclusion: Preoperative axillary ultrasound guided biopsy is a useful step in the process of axillary staging as around fifty percent of breast cancer patients with axillary involvement can be identified pre-operatively and are spared a two step surgical intervention. Still, one in four women with a US biopsy 'proven' negative axilla have ALN involvement on SNB and need to undergo completion axillary dissection. New techniques may be able to reduce the prevalence of futile SNB. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-12.


The importance of software security cannot be overstated. In the past, researchers have applied program analysis techniques to automatically detect security vulnerabilities and verify security properties. However, such techniques have limited success in reality because they require manually provided code-level security specifications. Manually writing and generating these code-level security specifications are tedious and error-prone. Additionally, they seldom exist in production software.

In this paper, we propose a novel method and tool, called AutoISES, which Automatically Infers Security Specifications by statically analyzing source code, and then directly use these specifications to automatically detect security violations. Our experiments with the Linux kernel and Xen demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach - AutoISES automatically generated 84 security specifications and detected 8 vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel and Xen, 7 of which have already been confirmed by the corresponding developers.


Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect, and the etiology of most cases is unknown. CHD often occurs in association with other birth malformations, and only in a minority are disease-causing chromosomal abnormalities identified. We hypothesized that children with CHD and additional birth malformations have cryptic chromosomal abnormalities that might be uncovered using recently developed DNA microarray-based methodologies. We recruited 20 children with diverse forms of CHD and additional birth defects who had no chromosomal abnormality identified by conventional cytogenetic testing. Using whole-genome array comparative genomic hybridization, we screened this population, along with a matched control population with isolated heart defects, for chromosomal copy number variations. We discovered disease-causing cryptic chromosomal abnormalities in five children with CHD and additional birth defects versus none with isolated CHD. The chromosomal abnormalities included three unbalanced translocations, one interstitial duplication, and one interstitial deletion. The genetic abnormalities were predominantly identified in children with CHD and a neurologic abnormality. Our results suggest that a significant percentage of children with CHD and neurologic abnormalities harbor subtle chromosomal abnormalities. We propose that children who meet these two criteria should receive more extensive genetic testing to detect potential cryptic chromosomal abnormalities.


While free tissue transfer affords the reconstructive microvascular surgeon the ability to provide coverage for complex wounds, the postoperative monitoring of these flaps continues to evolve. The most recent advance has been the development of an implantable microDoppler probe to provide an early warning signal for vascular obstruction. The current system relies on the use of a silicone cuff to secure a 1-mm probe to the outflow vein. The release force to remove the probe from the cuff is reported to be 1/10 of a pound (45 g). A disadvantage of this system is the need for a circumferential, relatively inelastic device around the vein. Should the cuff be too tightly secured to the vein, the potential for outflow obstruction exists. Moreover, if the probe is not well-approximated to the vein, no signal is produced. Finally, the fact that a foreign body remains in the wound after completion of the monitoring period remains a concern. The authors have investigated a new method to adhere the probe, using a commercially available fibrin sealant. The use of this biocompatible substance has the potential to obviate the need for the current method of fixation, and the associated concerns.


What is at stake in a sex equality approach to reproductive rights? At first glance, equality arguments would seem to entail a shift in constitutional authority for reproductive rights - for example, from the Due Process to Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment - but as the articles of this Symposium richly illustrate, equality arguments for reproductive rights need not take this legal form. In introducing this Symposium, I identify a sex equality standpoint on reproductive rights that can be, and is, expressed in a variety of constitutional and regulatory frameworks. The Essay identifies some of the critical understandings and normative commitments that characterize the sex equality approach to reproductive rights. It then ties this cluster of critical understandings and normative commitments to particular advocates and authorities in the reproductive rights debate in the last several decades: it shows how the sex equality claim for reproductive rights was asserted in different doctrinal forms in the early 1970s, was then muted by Roe, the ERA debates and the early sex discrimination cases, and then found increasing recognition in Casey and the law review literature of the 1980s and 1990s. Recently, the dissenting justices in the Carhart case have asserted that the abortion right protects a woman's autonomy to determine her life's course, and thus to enjoy equal citizenship stature. The introduction and essays of this Symposium demonstrate that the equality argument can be vindicated in many different doctrinal frameworks: under the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause, Privileges or Immunities Clause, or Equal Protection Clause, by cases decided under the Eighth Amendment, the Ninth Amendment, the Thirteenth Amendment, or the Nineteenth Amendment, through a federal or state statute, through human rights law, or by a synthesis of these forms of law.


This paper investigates steady two dimensional flow of an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow and heat transfer of nanofluid over an impermeable surface in presence of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. By using similarity transformation, the arising governing equations ofmomentum, energy and nanoparticle concentration are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are than solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of different physical parameters, namely, Prandtl number Pr, Eckert number Ec, Magnetic parameter M, Brownian motion parameter Nb, Thermophoresis parameter Nt, Lewis parameter Le and Radiation parameter Rd on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles along with the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are discussed graphically and in tabular form in details. The present results are also compared with existing limiting solutions.


The TensiNet Association, in collaboration with the COST Action TU1303 "Novel structural skins: Improving sustainability and efficiency through new structural textile materials and designs" and the Newcastle University organized the TensiNet COST Action TU1303 Symposium 2016 held in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, from Wednesday 26 to Friday 28 October 2016. This paper presents the 3-day event introducing the topics selected for the sessions, the keynote lectures and speakers and the sponsors which supported the organization of the symposium. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the TensiNet Association and the Cost Action TU1303, Vrije Universiteit Brussel.


Suspended sediment at the watershed scale has played a critical role in sediment pollution, water-quality degradation, and the impairment of riparian ecosystems, and thus has been widely studied in many disciplines. This paper synthesizes a variety of methods adopted in suspended sediment monitoring, estimation and modelling for understanding sediment transport processes and determining the suspended sediment load. Methods for sediment monitoring are described in terms of direct and indirect approaches. Estimation of suspended sediment load is commonly achieved by establishing a sediment rating curve. Different approaches toward the establishment of a sediment rating curve are examined thoroughly. Techniques of sediment modelling are summarized via depiction of various hydrological and sediment models at the watershed scale. The paper ends with the discussion of future developments in suspended sediment studies at the watershed scale.


The majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are elderly and have a poor prognosis despite induction therapy. Decitabine, a DNA-hypomethylating agent that induces differentiation and apoptosis of leukemic cells, is a well-tolerated alternative to aggressive chemotherapy. It is currently FDA-approved for myelodysplastic syndrome, including patients with 20%–30% bone marrow blasts. Recent clinical attention has focused on evaluating decitabine as frontline therapy for untreated high-risk elderly AML patients. A large randomized international phase III study comparing decitabine to supportive care and cytarabine in elderly AML patients demonstrated significantly improved complete remission rates, but the survival difference did not reach significance. Due to this, decitabine did not achieve FDA approval for AML, but continues to be used off-label. Current research is focused on further defining subgroups of elderly AML patients who may derive greater benefit from decitabine therapy and combining it with other low-intensity active agents for AML.


A palladium-ceramic composite membrane was developed by electroless deposition of palladium on microporous ceramic substrate. By measuring the permeation characteristics of pure and mixed gases, it was found that the new membrane has a very high permeability and selectivity for hydrogen. During this reporting period, a concurrent flow model for a membrane module was developed to study the performance of palladium-ceramic composite membranes for hydrogen separation in terms of product purity under various operating conditions. The model neglects mass transfer resistance but it was found that the difference between the predicted and actual hydrogen composition was less than 12%.


Background Galectin-3 is known to regulate cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism has not been defined. Through the DNA microarray studies after galectin-3 silencing, we demonstrated here that galectin-3 plays a key role in up-regulating the expressions of protease-activated receptor-1(PAR-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) PAR-1 thereby promoting gastric cancer metastasis. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined the expression levels of Galectin-3, PAR-1, and MMP-1 in gastric cancer patient tissues and also the effects of silencing these proteins with specific siRNAs and of over-expressing them using specific lenti-viral constructs. We also employed zebrafish embryo model for analysis of in vivo gastric cancer cell invasion. These studies demonstrated that: a) galectin-3 silencing decreases the expression of PAR-1. b) galectin-3 over-expression increases cell migration and invasion and this increase can be reversed by PAR-1 silencing, indicating that galectin-3 increases cell migration and invasion via PAR-1 up-regulation. c) galectin-3 directly interacts with AP-1 transcriptional factor, and this complex binds to PAR-1 promoter and drives PAR-1 transcription. d) galectin-3 also amplifies phospho-paxillin, a PAR-1 downstream target, by increasing MMP-1 expression. MMP-1 silencing blocks phospho-paxillin amplification and cell invasion caused by galectin-3 over-expression. e) Silencing of either galectin-3, PAR-1 or MMP-1 significantly reduced cell migration into the vessels in zebrafish embryo model. f) Galectin-3, PAR-1, and MMP-1 are highly expressed and co-localized in malignant tissues from gastric cancer patients. Conclusions/Significance Galectin-3 plays the key role of activating cell surface receptor through production of protease and boosts gastric cancer metastasis. Galectin-3 has the potential to serve as a useful pharmacological target for prevention of gastric cancer metastasis.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effects of preoperative information on postoperative state anxiety, plasma cortisol, and pain for patients under total knee arthroplasty, and to provide generic data with nursing intervention for total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Data were collected from 34 patients who had total knee arthroplasty from January 3, 2003 to January 15, 2004. An experiment group of 17 patients was provided with pre-operative information prepared by the researchers; a control group of another 17 patients was provided with general information. Data were analyzed through Chi-squared test, t-test, paired t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS WIN 11.0. Results: There was no significant differences between the experiment group and the control group in post operative state anxiety(p=.612). However, there was statistically a significant difference between the above two groups in post operative plasma cortisol(p=.012). There was a statistically significant difference between the above two groups in post operative pain(p=.041). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the authors concluded that the preoperative information for patients under total knee arthroplasty had the effect on the decrease of postoperative plasma cortisol and pain.


The Science Ground Segment (SGS) of the Euclid mission provides distributed and redundant data storage and processing, federating nine Science Data Centres (SDCs) and a Science Operations Centre. The SGS reference architecture is based on loosely coupled systems and services, broadly organized into a common infrastructure of transverse software components and the scientific data Processing Functions. The SGS common infrastructure includes: 1) the Euclid Archive System (EAS), a central metadata repository which inventories, indexes and localizes the huge amount of distributed data; 2) a Distributed Storage System of EAS, providing a unified view of the SDCs storage systems and supporting several transfer protocols; 3) an Infrastructure Abstraction Layer, isolating the scientific data processing software from the underlying IT infrastructure and providing a common, lightweight workflow management system; 4) a Common Orchestration System, performing a balanced distribution of data and processing among the SDCs. Virtualization is another key element of the SGS infrastructure. We present the status of the Euclid SGS software infrastructure, the prototypes developed and the continuous system integration and testing performed through the Euclid "SGS Challenges".


Mn doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystals with diameter of 50mm have been successfully grown by the Bridgman method along <111>, <110> and <001> orientations. The effect of the acceptor dopant, Mn, on mechanical loss and other electromechanical properties was studied in comparison with pure PIN-PMN-PT single crystal under high and low electric fields. A complete set of piezoelectric, dielectric and elastic properties was derived from resonance measurements. It was demonstrated that by doping Mn, Q<inf>M</inf> increases 4–5 times to 700–1000 in <001>-poled longitudinal samples without any compromise in electromechanical coupling (k<inf>33</inf>). Mn doped PIN-PMN-PT crystals also show strong anisotropy. For <110>-poled longitudinal samples, Q<inf>M</inf> and E<inf>C</inf> increase to above 1000 and 8–10kV/cm, respectively, which is comparable to "hard" PZT ceramics. The fatigue behavior was investigated as function of crystal orientation and magnitude of the electric field. Polarization degradation was observed to suddenly occur along <110> orientation above 100 cycles of 15kV/cm bipolar field, while nearly no fatigue was seen along <001> orientation.


Superconductivity for Type II superconductors in external magnetic fields of magnitude between the second and third critical fields is known to be restricted to a narrow boundary region. The profile of the superconducting order parameter in the Ginzburg–Landau model is expected to be governed by an effective one-dimensional model. This is known to be the case for external magnetic fields sufficiently close to the third critical field. In this text we prove such a result on a larger interval of validity.


We study the mechanism of energy injection from the mean flow to the fluctuating velocity necessary to maintain wall turbulence. This process is believed to be correctly represented by the linearized Navier--Stokes equations, and three potential linear mechanisms have been considered, namely, modal instability of the streamwise mean cross-flow $U(y,z,t)$, non-modal transient growth, and non-modal transient growth supported by parametric instability. We have designed three numerical experiments of plane turbulent channel flow with additional forcing terms aiming to neutralize one or various linear mechanisms for energy extraction. From our preliminary experiments, only cases with mean cross-flows capable of supporting modal instabilities were found to sustain turbulence. However, the question whether such a new turbulence complies with the same physical mechanisms as those occurring in actual (unforced) turbulence remains unanswered. On the other hand, cases exclusively supported by transient growth decayed until laminarization.


AIM
Our previous research has introduced sericin micelles to reverse drug resistance. However, these micelles could not selectively bind to gastric cancer (GC) cells. We developed vitamin B12 (VB12) conjugated sericin micelles for targeted GC therapy.

MATERIALS & METHODS
We used VB12, sericin, synthetic poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) and paclitaxel (PTX) to develop VB12-conjugated and PTX-loaded micelles (VB12-sericin-PBLG-PTX). Then we explored their physicochemical properties, cellular uptake and antitumor mechanism.

RESULTS
VB12-sericin-PBLG-PTX micelles were proved to be of appropriate particle size, have good dispersion and are bio-safe. Following transcobalamin II (CD320)-receptor-mediated endocytosis, these swallowed micelles with GC-targeting and enhanced cellular uptake abilities, alter mitochondrial transmembrane potential/apoptosis pathway and reverse drug resistance.

CONCLUSION
VB12-sericin-PBLG-PTX micelles are promising materials for GC-targeted clinical applications.


The measure most used to report treatment effects in survival studies is the Hazard RateRatio (HRR). Patients should be able to make decisions about interventions based on
information provided by a health expert. However, the medical literature is replete with erroneous interpretations of the HRR which threatens the decision-making process.
When confronted with a treatment which may affect a patient's longevity, the most
fundamental question that both patients and doctors must face is: Which option would
allow me to live longer? But HRR evaluates differences based on the proportions of
survivors. Instead, the ratio of two survival medians (MR: Median Ratio) allows the comparison of times to event.
The ultimate goal is to improve the readability of the survival studies. Mainly, we focus on determining the relationship of the HRR with the MR. The specific objective is to empirically quantify the concordance between the inverse of HRR and MR in survival
studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine(NEJM).


Partitioned Histories: The Other Side of Your Story places Indian and Pakistani history textbook narratives side-by-side to highlight the contrast between them, and to point to areas of convergence. Laraib Niaz finds the book accessible, although occasionally over simplistic and writes that it provides a valuable one-of-a-kind platform to analyse past events and encourage the reader to consider the significance of objectivity in history writing.


. In this work we prepared graphene oxide nanostructures (GONE) in a liquid environment using pulsed laser ablation technique. We used for the synthesis Nd: YAG pulsed laser operatating at 1064 nm and 532 nm of wavelength, we study the effect of wavelength of the laser on the optical properties of Nanostructures (NE) synthesized. The aim was determining the optical bandgap and the characteristic peak related by bond transitions using the absorbance UV-Vis spectra. Both samples show high absorption in the ultraviolet region in the UV-Vis spectra. Using Tauc's plot method we compute the bandgap energy for GONEs assuming indirect bandgap. In addition, we observe characteristic peak formation 1 hour after synthesized NPs at 256 nm for NPs prepared at 1064 nm and for NPs prepared at 532 nm the peak with less intensity is observed at a wavelength of 218 nm. The characteristic peak for both samples increase of intensity 24 hours after preparation.


Electromagnetic Crosstalk analysis is emerging as a fundamental necessity as a component of electronic system development. With the advent of advanced technologies and System on-Chip (SoC) architectures, ignoring electromagnetic crosstalk is highly risky resulting in significant delays in reaching the market on time as well significant cost over runs. This paper provides an overview of the state of the practice in electromagnetic crosstalk in the context of modern SoC designs, current industrial trends, and key adoption challenges.


ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the impact of health interventions carried out in the city of Palmas, Brazil, on the epidemiological and operational indicators of leprosy between 2007 and 2017. The intervention consisted of training healthcare personnel on the diagnosis and follow-up of patients and organizing the referral of patients to health units. Estimates of the impact were calculated by taking the differences between indicators reported in two equal periods of 1.5 years pre- and post-intervention, with a transition period of six months. During the study period, the database contained 1,875 notifications, with 66% of cases diagnosed in the post-intervention period. There was a predominance of males (52%); aged 50 years or more (34.9%); with mixed ethnicity (63.5%). The low level of education was noticeable, with more than half of the cases (51.7%) reporting illiteracy or ≤ 7 years of education. The intervention resulted in an increase in both, epidemiological and operational indicators, suggesting a positive impact of the intervention on leprosy detection and treatment. Our results also emphasize the need for further studies addressing the impact of pragmatic health interventions aiming at controlling and eliminating the disease.


The Semantic Web (Web 3.0) has been proposed as an efficient way to access the increasingly large amounts of data on the internet. The Linked Open Data Cloud project at present is the major effort to implement the concepts of the Seamtic Web, addressing the problems of inhomogeneity and large data volumes. RKBExplorer is one of many repositories implementing Open Data and contains considerable bibliographic information. This paper discusses bibliographic data, an important part of cloud data. Effective searching of bibiographic datasets can be a challenge as many of the papers residing in these databases do not have sufficient or comprehensive keyword information. In these cases however, a search engine based on RKBExplorer is only able to use information to retrieve papers based on author names and title of papers without keywords. In this paper we attempt to address this problem by using the data mining algorithm Association Rule Mining (ARM) to develop keywords based on features retrieved from Resource Description Framework (RDF) data within a bibliographic citation. We have demonstrate the applicability of this method for predicting missing keywords for bibliographic entries in several typical databases. −−−−− Paper presented at 1st International Symposium on Big Data and Cloud Computing Challenges (ISBCC-2014) March 27-28, 2014. Organized by VIT University, Chennai, India. Sponsored by BRNS.


The paper outlines an exhaustive computer-aided design (CAD) procedure for the circuit-level simulation of entire multi-input multi-output (MIMO) links. The multiple transmitting and receiving antennas are treated as multiport radiating systems characterized by electromagnetic (EM) analysis. The effects of mutual couplings in terms of the frequency-dependent near-field and far-field performance of each element are accounted for in a straightforward and rigorous way. The set of transmitters is treated as a unique non-linear system loaded by the multiport antenna, and is analyzed by non-linear circuit techniques. The same is done for the set of receivers. In order to establish the connection between transmitters and receivers, the radiated far-field is evaluated by EM analysis, and the field incident on each receiver antenna is computed by extending to the MIMO case an available ray tracing technique. EM theory is then used to describe the receiving array as a linear active multiport network. This technique allows analysis of several MIMO systems, exploiting different array element spatial locations and frequencies of operation in a straightforward and automatic way. Bit error rate (BER) computation and minimization are demonstrated at the circuit level.