Education within today`s neoliberal capitalism has been assigned new definition, which is no longer in accordance with the concern for humanity. The reasons behind these changes can be found in the new economic and political paradigms worldwide. Due to the accession and harmonization of European standards, Croatia has adopted the National Framework Curriculum for Preschool Education and Compulsory General Education (Croatia, July, 2011). It emphasizes the importance of students' achievements and competencies. Simplifying the concept of education to justify the cultivation of certain competencies, makes for a radical turning point in defining the purpose of education itself. However, many exclude the moment where humanity is integrated to the education system altogether.


A diurnal varying haze layer at the bright spots of Occator on dwarf planet Ceres has been reported from images of the Dawn Framing Camera. This finding is supported by ground-based observations revealing diurnal albedo changes at Occator's longitude. In the present work, we further investigate the previously reported haze phenomenon in more detail using additional Framing Camera images. We demonstrate that the light scattering behavior at the central floor of Occator is different compared to a typical cerean surface and is likely inconsistent with a pure solid surface scatterer. The identified deviation is best explained by an additional component to the scattered light of the surface, i.e., a haze layer. Our results support the water vapor detection by Herschel observations though the existence of a tenuous cerean exosphere is not yet confirmed.


Various disk type products are important for information technology, and need to have highly accurate flatness. When a profile of a disk is obtained by a scanning sensor, the output of the sensor is influenced by the parasitic motion of scanning. This article presents a reversal method to separate the profile and the angular motion of the turntable using just one displacement sensor. We also measured a hard disk using the proposed method and the experimental results showed the repeatability and usefulness of our proposed method.


The electromagnetic form factors provide important hints for the internal structure of the nucleon and continue to be of major interest for experimentalists. For an intermediate range of momentum transfers the form factors can be calculated on the latti ce. However, reliability of the results is limited by systematic errors due to the required extrapol ation to physical quark masses. Chiral effective field theories predict a rather strong quark ma ss dependence in a range which was yet unaccessible for lattice simulations. We give an update on recent results from the QCDSF collaboration using gauge configurations with Nf = 2, non-perturbatively O(a)-improved Wilson fermions at very small quark masses down to 340 MeV pion mass, where we start to probe the relevant quark mass region.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the diagnostic values of digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate specific antigen (PSA) and trans-rectal ultrasound (TRUS) individually and in combinations in men aged 50 years and above presenting with prostatism.

DESIGN
A prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study.

SETTING
The urology ward of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), a 500 bed tertiary hospital in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania.

SUBJECTS
Ninety four consecutive admissions of men aged 50 years and above admitted with urinary symptoms suggestive of prostatism.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary outcome measures included race and age of patient; Positive predictive values, sensitivities and specificities for DRE, PSA and TRUS individually and in combinations and histology of the prostate specimens submitted after Tru-cut, TURP or open prostatectomy. The secondary outcome measures were mean PSA and PSA density.

RESULTS
There was a prostate adenocarcinoma incidence of 25.5%; all found among patients with PSA levels greater than 10 ng/ml. The positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and specificity of DRE for prostate cancer were 0.67%, 66.7% and 88.6% with an accuracy of 82.8%; while for TRUS, the respective values were 0.58%, 58.3% and 85.7% with an accuracy of 78.7%. PSA alone had a positive predictive value of 0.16. A combination of abnormal DRE and PSA (more than 4.0 ng/ml) had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.75 while when DRE, TRUS and PSA were all abnormal, the PPV rose to 0.80.

CONCLUSION
A combination of DRE and PSA yields 75% diagnostic sensitivity for prostate cancer and is reliable enough to exempt TRUS where not available since it only adds 5% to this strong diagnostic combination.


Case: The Synthes Femoral Neck System (FNS) is a relatively new device available to the market in 2019 designed to reduce complication and revision rates after femoral neck fracture stabilization. We present a 77-year-old man with Parkinson disease and avascular necrosis after femoral neck fracture initially managed with the FNS. Subsequent challenges in device removal occurred because of its propensity for bony integration, plate and locking screw welding, and screw head recess destruction. Conclusion: Surgeons must recognize the need for additional available equipment (e.g., burr or broken screw removal set) for successful extraction when FNS removal is required.


An optical fibre sensor for determination of acetic acid is presented. The sensing probe is based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) Fabry-Perot cavity, coated with a thin film of sol-gel-PVP (polyVynil Pirrolidone) composite material. The polymeric thin film renders interferometric output sensitive to the presence of carboxylic acid species. Results show that the wavelength of the interferometric peaks change with acetic acid concentration, enabling its quantification. Coupling the fibre probe with a serrodyne modulated readout interferometer enables pseudo-heterodyne interrogation and the detection of acetic acid with a sensitivity of 1 deg/0.01% and a resolution of 0.2% v/v. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed scheme to operate as a sensitive chemical sensor platform.


Background Bacterial consumption of viruses has never yet been reported, even though bacteria feed on almost anything. Viruses are omnipresent predators for all organisms, but have no acknowledged active biocontrol. The viral biomass undoubtedly reintegrates the trophic cycles, however the mechanisms of this phase still remain unknown. Methods Here, we used stable isotope probing with 13C labelled T4 phages to monitor the increase of density of the bacterial DNA concomitant with the decrease of plaque forming units. We used 12C T4 phages as control. Results T4 phage disappearance in wastewater sludge was found to occur mainly through predation by Aeromonadacea. Phage consumption also favours significant in situ bacterial growth. Furthermore, an isolated strain of Aeromonas was observed to grow on T4 phages as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Conclusions bacterial species are capable of consuming bacteriophages in situ, which is likely a widespread and underestimated type of biocontrol.This assay is anticipated as a starting point for harnessing the bacterial potential in limiting the diffusion of harmful viruses within environments such as gut or water.


In this article will present the technology parameters effects in the case of thin copper sheets joining with agree of the material science theory and metalworking rules-based executed experiments. Known the dislocation theory of the ultrasound energy influence in the case of the metalworking. The ultrasonic welding technology uses the ultrasound effect for increase the metal formability because the joint established by high-frequency vibration and pressing. The ultrasonic welding is a solid-state welding technology in which detectable the high-frequency vibration caused friction effected warming in the joint and the heat-affected zone. The established heat accompanied by plastic deformation can cause Changement in the joint microstructure as a function of the established heat, the heat transfer coefficient and the plastic deformation degree of the used metal. The relationship is founded between the experimented metal thin sheets welded joint mechanical properties, microstructure and the welding parameters. The joint mechanical and microstructural properties experimented by Vickers hardness test and visual inspections.


Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been widely used in the world. However, due to the problem of retinopathy caused by chloroquine, it had not been approved in Japan until 2015, although it has been used for limited number of patients in some institutions. The primary purpose of our study is to collect the data on adverse effect of HCQ among Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. We also assessed the efficacy of our methods to improve the tolerability in cases with gastrointestinal and dermatological side effects of HCQ. Method We retrospectively collected the data of all the 174 lupus patients treated with HCQ from the electric medical record of St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. We extracted the following parameters during the period between April 2008 and June 2017; patients' baseline characteristics, side effects and duration of using HCQ, and reasons of discontinuation. As for dermatological side effects, some of the patients underwent oral desensitisation; HCQ was once stopped, and after confirming negative DLST and obtaining consent from patients, it was resumed with the 36 days-desensitisation protocol. For patients with gastrointestinal side effects, some of the patients were prescribed Hangeshashinto, a traditional herbal medicine for gastrointestinal discomfort, in addition to HCQ. Result During the period, the mean age of the patients was 41.8. 161 patients (92.5%) were female and 152 patients (87.4%) were treated with steroids. The average duration of using HCQ was 582.4 days. 21 patients (12.0%) had side effects and 14 patients (8.0%) discontinued HCQ. 10 patients had skin side effects, 7 were performed DLST, 7 were negative, and 2 resumed HCQ. 5 patients had gastrointestinal side effects, 2 were prescribed Hangeshashinto. 2 patients were possible retinopathy and stopped HCQ. Conclusion This is one of the largest studies which reported well tolerability of HCQ in Japanese real world practice. Despite the concern of retinopathy, there were only 2 cases who stopped HCQ due to possible retinopathy in this study. In addition, our methods may help continuing HCQ in patients with skin or gastrointestinal side effects. Further larger study is needed to confirm these results.


Introduction: The stigma that exists in society views people with COVID-19 as people who are avoided, the feared disease is very contagious so that stigma causes anxiety and prejudice against sufferers. Objective : To analyze the factors that influence the stigma of society in patients with COVID-19 based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory. Methods: Descriptive correlation using a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 150 respondents with accidental sampling design. The independent variables of this study were knowledge, beliefs and perceptions of threat. The dependent variable was stigma. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis used multiple regression statistical test with a significance degree of <0.05 (5%). Results: knowledge does not have a significant effect on beliefs (vulnerabilities, advantages, barriers, self-confidence with > 0.05. Knowledge variable has an effect on seriousness > 0.037. Confidence also does not have a significant effect on the threat of vulnerability (1,000), seriousness > 0.999, advantage > 1,000, barriers > 1,000 and belief has an effect on self-confidence > 0.000. For the threat variable does not have a significant effect on stigma > 0.996. Conclusion: The stigma against Covid-19 patients is the perception of seriousness and the perception of threats to Covid-19 patients who are felt to threaten the community to be infected with the virus. Lack of information is a trigger for the stigma of society towards Covid-19 patients.


Microselection is a significant advance in helping the students to master the task of identifying the principle thoughts and the keywords. The learners of English language often have some difficulties to understand the meaning of main ideas because they have limited vocabularies.
Listening plays a great role in developing the students' knowledge, specifically in learning new vocabulary items that leads to the language learning. In 1970, listening has gained its importance as a skill that takes place in language teaching programs besides speaking, reading and writing. While the increased attention to listening happened in1990 and oral comprehension has a significant role in second language learning. The indicative test has been conducted in this study and the population is all the students of English language department/college of Education/Samarra university. The sample is the third year students, so this experimental group includes sixty students (male and female) to find keywords and main ideas. Wuthering Heights has been chosen for its interesting to the readers , so it includes many love relationships that leads to strengthen all the members relationship in a society.
The researcher has used three data collecting steps: a teacher is reading a passage that is taken from chapter (11) from the novel of wuthering Heights, diagnostic test and according to the interview with sixty students from the third stage at the academic year 2018/2019.The diagnostic test presents as a passage and then two questions , each question has allotted(25) marks and the total marks are (50).Test and retest have been done to the same sample and under the same conditions and the results of the diagnostic test refer that the third year students still having difficulties in finding keywords and main ideas. They don't  know what the main idea is and ignoring many vocabulary items that make them confusing in finding new ideas through listening skill to the reading passage. Validity and reliability have been achieved in this study.


This paper presents a method for incorporating into Markov models of safety-critical systems, periodic inspections and repairs which occur deterministically in time. Both perfect and imperfect inspections and repairs can be modeled. Based on this new modeling technique, closed-form solutions are derived for a variety of important performance indexes including MTTF, MTTF/sub D/, MTTF/sub S/, average availability, and average probability of failing dangerously. The solutions are applied to an example system to illustrate how the method can be used to study the effects on performance of: (a) choices of the time-length between periodic inspections and repairs, and (b) improvements in inspection and repair techniques.


The mass of the stellar precursor of supernova (SN) 1987A and the burst of neutrinos observed at the moment of the explosion are consistent with the core-collapse formation of a neutron star. However, no compelling evidence for the presence of a compact object of any kind in SN 1987A has been found yet in any band of the electromagnetic spectrum, prompting questions on whether the neutron star survived and, if it did, on its properties. Beginning with an analysis of recent Chandra observations, here we appraise the current observational situation. We derived limits on the X-ray luminosity of a compact object with a nonthermal, Crab-pulsar-like spectrum of the order of ≈(1–5) × 1035 erg s−1, corresponding to limits on the rotational energy loss of a possible X-ray pulsar in SN 1987A of ≈(0.5–1.5) × 1038 erg s−1. However, a much brighter X-ray source cannot be excluded if, as is likely, it is enshrouded in a cloud of absorbing matter with a metallicity similar to that expected in the outer layers of a massive star toward the end of its life. We found that other limits obtained from various arguments and observations in other energy ranges either are unbinding or allow a similar maximum luminosity of the order of ≈1035 erg s−1. We conclude that while a pulsar alike the one in the Crab Nebula in both luminosity and spectrum is hardly compatible with the observations, there is ample space for an "ordinary" X-ray-emitting young neutron star, born with normal initial spin period, temperature, and magnetic field, to be hiding inside the evolving remnant of SN 1987A.


This paper analyzes the issue of choice task complexity represented by five design dimensions (the number of choice sets, alternatives, attributes, attribute levels and their range) on discrete choice model outcomes in the context of environmental valuation. The case study is based on a nation-wide online survey carried out in Germany about land use changes. The survey incorporates aspects of land use changes, such as the share of forests or land conversion as well as different biodiversity attributes. Respondents were requested to value the land use changes in a 15km surrounding of their place of residence. Similar to Hensher (2004), for example, a design of designs approach was used resulting in sixteen different split samples. The effect of task complexity on model outcomes is analyzed in a plain Random Parameter Logit (RPL) and in a Hybrid Choice Model (HCM) which incorporates respondents' attitudes (Ben-Akiva et al., 2002). HCM is expected to provide better insights into individuals' choice behavior recognizing their latent nature while at the same time avoiding problems such as endogeneity and measurement error when incorporating these attitudes directly as explanatory variables in choice models. Apart from that virtue, HCM allows for decomposition of the preference heterogeneity into a purely random part and a part related to attitudes (Vij and Walker, 2012). It allows a deeper understanding of the role of socio-demographics, and, subsequently, better policy recommendations. In our case, the additional information incorporated to the choice model is represented by responses to attitudinal questions related to impulsivity. It is a multifactorial construct that comprises, among other things, a tendency to act on a whim, displaying behavior characterized by little or no forethought, reflection, or consideration of the consequences. We measured impulsiveness using an item battery  developed by Kovaleva et al (2012). We expect that respondents who reveal a higher degree of impulsivity use different informaion processing strategies and thus, there are more likely to choose the status quo alternative, especially when they face a choice set with a higher dimensionality. Therefore, HCM allows analysis of the interaction between task complexity and impulsivity in a comprehensive hybrid choice model framework. The HCM applied includes structural equations based on the random utility theory, structural equation for the latent variable and measurement equations which use the values of the attitudinal indicators as dependent variables. The model takes into account the repeated choice nature of the data as well as the ordinal nature of the indicators.  Our results confirm findings from other studies indicating that respondents' choices are, apart from the attributes of the alternatives, related to individual characteristics such as attitudes or part of their personality trait. These multifactorial constructs allow for an analysis of the existing preference heterogeneity through the linking of attribute coefficients to socio-demographic variables by the use of these underlying constructs. These results are compared to a plain RPL model in which the same socio-demographic variables affect the means of the random parameters. RPL and HCM outcomes are very similar, nevertheless, as expected, the HCM leads to more precise estimations as additional information on attitudinal indicators is used by the estimation procedure. The paper raises also some methodological issues related to HCMs. The first issue is related to the definition of the latent constructs used in hybrid models. The definition of these construct should be based on well proved set of questions and, if possible, it should be based on a theoretical background similar to "locus of control" or "environmental beliefs". The applications should also include exploratory analysis of the indicators which confirm the dimensions of the underlying constructs. The paper decomposes the overall heterogeneity to show what part of it is linked to the latent attitude construct. The second issue is related to validation of the HCMs. An additional validation apart from simple coefficients testing and LogL comparison is usually not included in DCM applications. The paper highlights the importance of validation and shows a possible way to validate HCMs based on out-of-sample forecasting.  References: Ben-Akiva, M., McFadden, D., Train, K., Walker, J., Bhat, C., Bierlaire, M., Bolduc, D., Boersch-Supan, A., Brownstone, D., Bunch, D.S., Daly, A., De Palma, A., Gopinath, D., Karlstrom, A. Munizaga, M. (2002). Hybrid choice models: progress and challenges. Marketing Letters  13(3), 163–175. DOI 10.1023/A:1020254301302 Hensher DA (2004) Identifying the influence of stated choice design dimensionality on willingness to pay for travel time savings. J Transp Econ Policy 38:425–446 Kovaleva, Beierlein, kemper, Rammstedt (2012) Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Impulsivitat nach dem UPPS-Ansatz: Die Skala Impulsives-Verhalten-8 (I-8). GESIS-Working Paper, Mannheim Vij, A., Walker, J., 2012. Hybrid choice models: holy grail… or not?. In: Paper Presented at the  3th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research, Toronto.


INTRODUCTION Breast lumps are one of the common problems encountered in women. These lumps are frequently seen in younger to middle aged women and often they go undetected for various reasons. These lumps have different etiologic causes and can be either benign of malignant. Early recognition of malignancy plays a vital role for improving survival. The need of the hour is a system to detect malignancy earlier and minimize the time needed for the detection of malignant lumps. OBJECTIVE This study is done to determine the clinical characteristics of palpable breast lumps and with the objective of detecting malignancy earlier in patients presenting with palpable breast lumps using a modified triple test. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a Prospective observational study done in the department of General Surgery, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital, Coimbatore from July 2016 to June 2017.103 patients were included in this study after application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. INCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Female patients with age of > 20 years with palpable Breast lump 2. Patient willing for lump excision EXCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Patients who are below 20 years. 2. Male patients 3. Female patients with advanced disease which makes the diagnosis obvious 4. Patients not willing for lump excision Each patient underwent a modified triple test comprising of a detailed Clinical examination, Ultrasonography of breast and Fine Needle aspiration. All the patients finally underwent surgery for their condition and the results of the modified triple test as analyzed individually and collectively and were compared to histopathological diagnosis. DISCUSSION Our study was an observational study and 103 patients were subjected to the study. In our study breast lumps were commonly seen in the age group of 31 to 40 years (45.6%) and least commonly seen after the age of 60 years, this is similar to the distribution seen in other studies. Younger aged women have more education standards and awareness that lead them to present earlier in the course of disease. About 59.2% of all the patients had symptoms for 4 to 9 months which was similar to that seen in few studies but some studies reported shorter duration of symptoms of mean of 3 months (Afsar A Bhatti et al 2010). Pain over the lump was an important symptom and 60% of patients with painless lumps had malignancy on histopathological examination (30 out of 50) in contrast to 15 % of the patients with painful breast lumps (8 out 53).Similar findings were also seen in a study conducted by Kaire innos et al (BMC public health 2013) and the usual mode of presentation of malignancy was a painless palpable lump. Of the clinical examination findings nipple discharge was also found to be an important finding. Of the patients with nipple discharge 77 % ( 17 out of 22) were found to have malignancy on final histopathological diagnosis, so nipple discharge might serve as an important clue to the diagnosis of malignancy, but many studies have shown that nipple discharge is usually benign and 10 to 15% of the patients with nipple discharge tend to have malignancy.(Van Zee K J et al Cancer 1998), probably study with a larger sample size would iron out the skewed results seen in our study. In our study the upper outer quadrant was commonly involved with tumor (45.6%) this was also consistent with the findings with a study done by Khemka et al., Hussain et al., and Khoda et al (JMS 2015).It has been demonstrated that the upper outer quadrant of the breast has more amount of epithelial tissue compared to other quadrants leading to more incidence of tumors. Axillary lymph node involvement was seen in 20.4 % (21 out of 103) of patients presenting with breast lumps and out of the patients who had axillary nodes 90%(19 out of 21) had biopsy proven malignancy, so axillary node involvement is a strong predictor that the tumor is malignant, this has also been recorded by Voss M et al (J Surg Oncol. 1999). It has been concluded in the study that patients with stage 3 breast cancer have a higher incidence of axillary metastasis and well differentiated tumors tend to metastasize slowly. So axillary involvement may be a pointer towards advanced or fast growing malignancy and should prompt immediate attention. When the clinical examination findings were examined as a whole clinical examination had sensitivity of 86.34 % and specificity of 91% for the detection of malignancy. Positive predictive value of Clinical examination was 85% and Negative predictive value was 92.19%. On analysis of various studies, it has been shown that sensitivity of the Clinical breast examination ranges from 21% to as high as 100% and the specificity ranges from 50% to 97.8%. In the present study, the high sensitivity could be because only patients with confirmed palpable lumps were included for the study. Our results are in concordance with many studies. ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF BREAST The triple test used mammography as one of its components and mammogram had a sensitivity of 87% for malignancy detection. Crystal et al (2003), Susan k et al (2005), Corsetti et al (2006) and Sahiner et al (2007) had supported the use of USG in young patients with dense breast tissues and ultrasound was found to have a sensitivity of 89% in detecting symptomatic and palpable breast abnormalities. Though relatively a fresh modality ultrasound has gained widespread popularity due to easy availability of the equipment, it is less expensive and is non invasive and can provide accurate information in tumors more than 2mm. Both USG and mammography have their inherent advantages and disadvantages that have been discussed in literature. But in the current scenario USG has gained the acceptance among the medical fraternity and is included in the screening for malignant lesions of breast as a part of the modified triple test and its results are adequately validated by many studies. In our study 33 out of 103 patients had ultrasound findings suggestive of malignancy; out of them all had biopsy proven malignancy. Ultrasound had a sensitivity of 86.84% and specificity of 100% for the detection of malignancy, Positive predictive value for detection of malignancy was 100%, Negative predictive value to rule out malignancy was 92.86%. These findings when compared to available literature shows good correlation and in a study done by Khoda et al, USG sensitivity was 91.6%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, negative predictive value was 97.3%, Similarly in a study done by Pande et al sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for ultrasonography were 95%, 94.1%, 95.5%, and 93.7%, respectively. Another study by Jan et al also yielded similar results. A sensitivity of 86.84 % means 13.16 malignant lesions would be missed out of 100 malignant lesions, so the diagnosis of a benign lump always does not mean that it is benign and it would need a combination of tests to confirm it, but nonetheless USG of the breast is a valuable and easy tool for the detection of malignancy. FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY In our study Fine Needle aspiration classified, 60 patients out of 103 (58.2%) as having benign breast disease, whereas 35 patients (34%) were diagnosed to have malignant disease. 8 (7.8%) patients had inconclusive reports. All patients with FNAC report suggestive of malignancy were biopsy proven to have carcinoma. But 1 out of 60 patients (1.6%) who were reported to have benign disease had malignant disease. Sensitivity and specificity of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology to detect malignancy were 92.10% and 100% respectively. Positive predictive value was 100% and Negative predictive value was 95.58%. FNAC RESULTS IN VARIOUS STUDIES It is shown that the results of our study are comparable to various studies and the values closely resemble the results seen by Mohamed et al. So the results indicate that FNAC as an independent variable has adequate diagnostic power and this is further enhanced by combination with other 2 tests. Study Sensitivity % Specificity% Positive predictive value% Negative predictive value % Our study 92.10 100 100 95.58 Sankaya & Dongre 88.37 96.42 97.43 84.37 Choi et al 77.70 99.20 97.43 84.37 Mohammed et al 90.62 100 100 95.08 Kim et al 94.59 87.91 79.54 97.03 Park and Ham 76.90 91.60 THE MODIFIED TRIPLE TEST ANALYSIS Using modified triple test 37 patients (36%) had features suggestive of malignant disease and 66 patients (64%) were suspected to have benign breast disease. All of the 37 patients suspected to have malignancy on Modified Triple Test were biopsy proven to have malignant breast disease, where as 1 out of 66(1.5%) patients assigned to have benign disease on Modified Triple Test turned out to be malignant. The sensitivity of modified triple test for the detection of malignancy was 97.36% and the specificity for the detection of malignancy was 100%.The positive predictive value of the Modified triple test was 100% and the Negative predictive value was 98.4%. Comparison of Studies Using Modified Triple Test Study Sensitivity % Specificity% Positive predictive value% Negative predictive value % Our study 97.36 100 100 98.40 Baykara et al 100 92.01 53.16 100 Khoda et all 100 100 100 100 Jan et al 100 99.3 93.3 100 Vaithyanathan et al 100 82 76.9 100 This comparison shows that our results were comparable to the results seen in many studies and it has shown that the modified triple test can be used as a valuable clinical test for the detection of malignant lumps and it helps us to plan the surgical treatment earlier, accurately and helps us save time needed for a definitive diagnosis.


Since the propulsion mechanism in fluid using elastic fin like a caudal fin and a pectoral fin of fish is effective, many studies of elastic fin for propulsion in water and development of fish robot using elastic fin were carried out. However, the optimum elasticity of fin is not constant and changed by the movement task and environment, such as swimming speed and oscillating frequency. It is very difficult to exchange fins of the different stiffness while swimming. Thus, we aimed to develop the variable-stiffness fin, and made a fin with variable-effective-length spring. This fin enables its apparent stiffness dynamically. This paper describes the structure of the propulsion mechanism in fluid using fin with variable effective-length spring and characteristics of thrust force and efficiency. Furthermore, the relationship between the thrust force and the flow-field around the fin is discussed.


Varakhsha hillfort is located in the Bukhara oasis (Uzbekistan). From the 6th to 8th c., it was the residence of the rulers of Bukhara Sogd. Archaeological investigations of the Varakhsha were carried out in the late 1930s, and then later in 1947 and 1949–1954. During the excavations of the palace, wall paintings were discovered in the Red (Hindu) and East (Blue) Halls (7th–8th c.). In the East Hall, the center of the art composition on the south wall was dominated by a massive figure of a 'king' with a golden sword, seated on a throne with protomas of winged camels. Depicted next to him was a group of five people sitting on their knees — the king's family. The elder man is making an offering to the fire on an altar. On the base of the altar, there is a male figure, seated on a throne in the form of a lying camel. This figure represents Vretragna, the Avestan deity of Victory. Mythogenically, Vretragna is close to the Vedic god of thunder Indra. In Avesta, Vretragna appears in various guises: a Bactrian camel; the bird of prey Varagn; a man with a golden sword. In Sogdian iconography, the image of the Bactrian camel is most often associated with Vretragna. The characters of the murals in the Blue Hall (the king's family) bring offering to the fire lit in tribute to the deity — to Vretragna. The central figure of this composition was identi-fied by V.A. Shishkin as a king. In our opinion, it rather depicts Vretragna. This is implicitly indicated by the protomas of the throne in the form of winged camels and by the image of 'the king with the golden sword'. The walls of the Red Hall of Varakhsha were decorated with a scene of hunters riding elephants. Each elephant was ridden by a servant-mahout and a lord, whose figure would be disproportionately large. They are slaying huge monsters. According to researchers, an image of the Sogdian deity Adbag is repeated here. The epithet 'Adbag' — 'Supreme deity' is associated with Ahuramazda. B.I. Marshak and A.M. Belenitsky note, that here Adbag-Ahuramazda is likened to Indra riding a white elephant. It seems to us quite probable that such an epithet could be applied to various gods of a high status. Notably, it could be Vretragna depicted here, who is akin to Indra. We think that the image of Vretragna held a special place in the visual arts of Varakhsha, as the patron deity of the Bukhar-Khudat dynasty. He was depicted in the center of the com-position in the Blue Hall in his Avestan hypostasis, and in the Red Hall he was depicted in the form of Indra.


The goal of this study was to determine some of the important phenolic constituents of the methanolic extracts of the leaves and fruits of Vitex agnus-castus by RP-HPLC with regard to the results obtained from radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content assays. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to assess the radical scavenging potential of the extracts. Both leaf and fruit extracts exhibited significant radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 0.449±0.001 mg/mL and 0.612±0.004 mg/mL, respectively. By using Folin-Ciocalteu's method, the total phenolic content of leaves and fruits of the plant was determined as 123.9±2.281 mg GAE/g extract and 114.5±2.704 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. In continuation of our ongoing studies on the phenolics of Vitex agnus-castus, a simple and accurate HPLC method was used to determine some phenolic compounds such as vitexin, ferulic acid, rutin, and luteolin qualitatively and quantitatively. Contrary to the previous literature, ferulic acid and rutin were determined neither in leaf nor in fruit extracts, while luteolin was determined in trace amount only in fruit extract. Vitexin, one of the important flavonoid constituents of Vitex agnus-castus, was determined in significant amount as 0.252±0.0089% and 0.342±0.0153% in the leaves and fruits, respectively. The results showed that vitexin is partially responsible for the antioxidant potential of the extracts due to its significant amount and the standardization of the extracts should be performed on vitexin by this suitable RP-HPLC method.


Urinary metabolites before dental treatment were compared in a group of patients with dental phobia and in a matched control group. Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline, and free fatty acids were estimated before treatment, immediately after sedation with diazapam 02 mg/kg body weight in the phobic patients, during induction of oral anaesthesia, and during and after surgery. Patients with dental phobia had significantly higher levels of adrenaline,which were only temporarily lowered by sedation, and which during treatment remained consistently higher than those of control patients.


The strategic risk management of IT projects towards a precise definition of the role of top management has been investigated and conceptualized in this research. The study contributes to the body of knowledge in the area of strategic management in IT projects as there is a shortage of literatures in the area. The study shapes on known theories towards the formation of unknown theories which can serve as grounds for future researches in the area of strategic management of IT projects. The population of the research includes all IT professionals and senior management officials of institutions in UAE with a dedicated IT department and the sample size was determined as 384 respondents, and finally collected 371 altogether. Through a careful analysis of findings, results revealed significant and positive predictive effects of both strategic planning processes and strategic risk integration on IT project environment. JEL : G30; G32 Article visualizations:


Several studies have indicated that α-mangostin exerts anti-metastasis and anti-subsistence effects on several types of cancer cells. Especially, the anti-metastatic effect of α-mangostin on cancer cells is a prospective function in cancer treatment. However, the metastasis process is complicated, and includes migration, invasion, intravasation, and extravasation; thus, the main target of anti-metastatic effect of α-mangostin is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-mangostin on the invasion, subsistence, and migration of lung cancer cells under co-culture conditions with normal cells and regular mono-culture conditions. We found that α-mangostin killed the lung cancer and normal cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the alteration in the surface mechanical properties of cells was examined by using atomic force microscopy. Although the α-mangostin concentrations of 5 and 10 µM did not affect the short-term cell viability, they considerably decreased the Young's modulus of lung cancer cells implying a decline in cell surface actin cytoskeletal properties. Additionally, these concentrations of α-mangostin inhibited the migration of lung cancer cells. In co-culture conditions (cancer cells with normal cells), the invasive activities of cancer cells on normal cells were discernibly observed, and was inhibited after treatment with 5 and 10 µM of α-mangostin. Taken together, α-mangostin suppressed the subsistence of lung cancer cells and displayed anti-metastatic activities by inhibiting the migration and invasion, and reducing the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells. Our findings suggest that α-mangostin could be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.


We describe the pulsed-force mode, a new measuring mode for the scanning force microscope to image elastic, electrostatic and adhesive properties simultaneously with topography. The pulsed-force mode reduces lateral shear forces between the tip and the sample. Even very delicate samples can be mapped at high lateral resolution with full control over the force applied to the sample. The achieved scanning speed is comparable to that in contact-mode operation. The pulsed-force mode electronics can easily be added to many microscopes without much alteration of the original set-up. No change of the data acquisition software or of the feedback circuit is necessary.


ABSTRACT

Puska, Rike Tandai "PROFESION SUFFIX IN JAPPANESE LANGUAGE" S1 Thesis of Japanese Department Study Program, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Advisor Lina Rosliana, S.S, M.Hum,.

Affix in Japanese language has an important role in the word formation process, because it can change or add the form or type of words and can change or add meaning. There are two types of affix in Japanese, they are prefixes and suffixes. The problem in this research is characteristic of word and meaning of word which is produced by profession suffix marker.

This research is descriptive, data collection using the references method and record technique, data analysis using 'agih' method for direct. Data sources are obtained from various Japanese dictionaries.

The result shows that 44 data are found out in this study. Characteristics of the word include the word wago and kango. The meaning of the generated word, the suffix -in denotes the meaning of a member of a particular group, the suffix -ka denotes the meaning of a job requiring certain specialist skills or knowledge which is shown as an attached word, the suffix -sha denotes the meaning of the work or actor of a designated action such as from the base, the suffix -shi indicates the meaning of the job requiring special knowledge or expertise. Suffix -shi denotes the meaning of work that has skills, abilities or abilities. The suffixes show the meaning of the person working in the store. The Suffix-shu indicates the meaning of the perpetrator or the person doing. The suffix -kou shows the meaning of the worker, especially the factory worker, the object involved in the activity as well as the basic word that gives the job status specification.

Keywords: Affixes, Prefix, Profession suffix marker, Wago, kango


The phylogeny of megabats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Megachiroptera) has been addressed only on molecular grounds, as little effort has previously been made to describe the impressive morphological variation of the group in terms of phylogenetically informative characters. Here we provide a morphological matrix of 236 characters from the integument, dentition, cranial and post‐cranial skeleton, digestive apparatus and urogenital system. This data set covers most characters discussed previously in more restricted taxonomic contexts, as well a large number of new characters. Our aim was to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for megabats based on a combined analysis of morphological characters and available gene sequence data from four mitochondrial and one nuclear loci. We used direct optimization under conventional equal costs, as well as under a cost ratio that maximizes homology when inapplicables (gaps) are present. Our results contradict the allegedly high level of conflict between the molecular and morphological partitions. We found that, although morphology alone recovered trees different and to some extent incompatible with those from previous molecular analyses, the combination of the two sources of evidence easily accommodated the morphological and molecular signals, yielding a resolved and relatively well‐supported phylogeny of Megachiroptera that is in reasonable agreement with the current morphology‐based taxonomy of the group. Overall congruence favored the maximization of homology by a narrow margin. In addition, partial analyses showed that implied weighting of morphology performed slightly better than equal weighting with respect to the combined analyses.


The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of transmural field stimulation (TMS) on isolated smooth muscle strips from rabbit sphincter of Oddi (SO), duodenal circular layer (Dc) and duodenal longitudinal layer (D1). The strips were suspended in thermostatically controlled 5-ml organ baths containing Krebs solution constantly bubbled with 5% CO2 in O2. TMS was delivered through platinum electrodes (140 V, 0.4 ms, 5 s trains, 40 Hz). The TMS responses could be divided in two main responses: (1) contraction initiated after cessation of the stimulus train, preceded by an inhibitory phase during TMS ('off'); and (2) contraction initiated during TMS ('duration'). The 'duration' response was observed in one out of 20 strips in the SO and Dc compartments, whereas 11 D1 strips (55%) showed 'duration' responses (P < 0.001). Atropine (10(-6)) converted all 'duration' responses to an 'off' response preceded by an inhibitory phase during TMS and reduced the contractile amplitudes with 40-65%. L-NNA significantly increased the number of 'duration' responses in all types of muscle, and caused a 40% increase in D1 contractile amplitude. Inhibitory responses could not be removed by atropine, propranolol and phentolamine. The results suggest that the intrinsic innervation of SO and duodenal muscle consists of a mixture of excitatory, cholinergic and inhibitory NANC pathways. The latter may utilize, wholly or partly, NO or a related compound as transmitter. A relative dominance of excitatory, cholinergic responses was present in the D1 strips, whereas inhibitory responses were dominating in the SO and Dc strips.


ABSTRACT The present study tests the new Expanded Sport Official's Decision-Making Model (ESODMM), which expands the existing Official's Specific Decision-Making Model by integrating emotion, anticipation, and information-processing into its conceptual framework. To test the role of anticipation and emotion in the ESODMM, 56 basketball officials (32 high school level, 24 NCAA division 1) were assigned to either high (crowd noise and peer evaluation) or low (no crowd noise or peer evaluation) stress conditions and asked to make calls on occluded or non-occluded basketball video clips while wearing eye tracking glasses. MANOVA and ANOVA analyses revealed that officials in the high-stress condition experienced more stress resulting in less accurate decisions than those in the low-stress condition. Additionally, experienced officials made more accurate decisions and goal-directed gaze behaviours than novices did. Moreover, decision-making accuracy was lowest in the occluded trial block. The findings support the important role that emotion, information-processing, and anticipation have in officials' decision-making. Implementing the ESODMM can provide researchers with a comprehensive model to guide their understanding of officials' decision-making processes.


ABSTRACT The DPB11 gene, which genetically interacts with DNA polymerase II (ɛ), one of three replicative DNA polymerases, is required for DNA replication and the S phase checkpoint inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. To identify factors interacting with Dbp11, we have isolated sld (synthetically lethal withdpb11-1) mutations which fall into six complementation groups (sld1 to -6). In this study, we characterized SLD2, encoding an essential 52-kDa protein. High-copy SLD2 suppressed the thermosensitive growth defect caused by dpb11-1. Conversely, high-copy DPB11suppressed the temperature-sensitive growth defect caused bysld2-6. The interaction between Sld2 and Dpb11 was detected in a two-hybrid assay. This interaction was evident at 25°C but not at 34°C when Sld2-6 or Dpb11-1 replaced its wild-type protein. No interaction between Sld2-6 and Dpb11-1 could be detected even at 25°C. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that Dpb11 physically interacts with Sld2. sld2-6 cells were defective in DNA replication at the restrictive temperature, as were dpb11-1cells. Further, in dpb11-1 and sld2-6 cells, the bubble-shaped replication intermediates formed in the region of the autonomously replicating sequence reduced quickly after a temperature shift. These results strongly suggest the involvement of the Dpb11-Sld2 complex in a step close to the initiation of DNA replication.


The main objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of aqueous extract (AqE), methanolic extract (ME) of Thevetia peruviana, and Ridomil on cocoa black pod disease (Phytophthora megakarya) in Cameroon during two consecutive years in smallholder"s plantation at Mbalmayo (Center Region of Cameroun). Disease distribution across various pod development stages showed that immature pods were the most susceptible to P. megakarya. Weekly observations of the pod distribution and disease progression at various developmental stages on cacao trees sprayed with Ridomil fungicide, methanol extract and aqueous extract of Thevetia peruviana, or untreated control trees indicated that the total pod production and incidence of black pod was significantly different between treatments. The disease rates were 53.65%, 67.6%, 36.92% and 73.95%, in the plots treated with AqE, ME, fungicide, and untreated respectively, in 2011, and 11.95%, 28.72%, 10.51% and 54.03% in the same plots in 2012. The major results obtained compared to the rate of rot showed that the aqueous extract and Ridomil treatments were close during these campaigns. Aqueous extract reduced the impact of this disease by 20.3% in 2011 and by 25.31 % in 2012. The rainfall records revealed 1532.6 mm and 889.9 mm of rain during 2011 and 2012 cocoa seasons respectively. This study showed that plant control of black pod disease with aqueous extract was promising, and on small and medium scale, could be an effective and cheap formulation for the control of black pod disease. Black pod disease


Effects of long-term treatment of haloperidol on D2 dopamine receptors in various brain areas were examined. Haloperidol treatment was found to increase the number of binding sites of D2 dopamine receptors in striatum, olfactory tubercle, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, while Bmax of D2 receptors in hippocampus was decreased by haloperidol treatment. Therefore it is suggested that D2 dopamine receptors in hippocampus and other brain areas are regulated differently.


BACKGROUND
Resveratrol has been reported to lower glycemia in rodent models of type 2 diabetes associated with the stimulation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which is known to slow gastric emptying, stimulate insulin secretion, and suppress glucagon secretion and energy intake.

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the effects of 5 wk of resveratrol treatment on GLP-1 secretion, gastric emptying, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

DESIGN
Fourteen patients with diet-controlled type-2 diabetes [mean ± SEM glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): 6.4 ± 0.2% (46.4 ± 2.2 mmol/mol)] received resveratrol (500 mg twice daily) or a placebo over two 5-wk intervention periods with a 5-wk washout period in between in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Before and after each intervention period (4 visits), body weight and HbA1c were measured, and patients were evaluated after an overnight fast with a standardized mashed-potato meal labeled with 100 μg (13)C-octanoic acid to measure blood glucose and plasma GLP-1 concentrations and gastric emptying (breath test) over 240 min. Daily energy intake was estimated from 3-d food diaries during the week before each visit.

RESULTS
Fasting and postprandial blood glucose and plasma total GLP-1 as well as gastric emptying were similar at each assessment, and the change in each variable from weeks 0 to 5 did not differ between resveratrol and placebo groups. Similarly, changes in HbA1c, daily energy intake, and body weight after 5 wk did not differ between the 2 treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes, 5 wk of twice-daily 500 mg-resveratrol supplementation had no effect on GLP-1 secretion, glycemic control, gastric emptying, body weight, or energy intake. Our observations do not support the use of resveratrol for improving glycemic control. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12613000717752.


Erlotinib is used as a standard treatment for recurrent advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in NSCLC have been shown to be a predictive factor of erlotinib, although the relationship between K-ras oncogene (KRAS) mutations and erlotinib resistance is controversial. Recently, in vitro sequence-dependent interactions of erlotinib and docetaxel have been studied on as a novel therapeutic approach against NSCLC. The purpose of the present study was to determine the optimum novel regimen of erlotinib and docetaxel against NSCLC cells which have EGFR mutation (HCC827 cells), KRAS mutation (A549 cells) or both wild-type (NCI-H292 cells). First, we analyzed the effects of in vitro combination for cell proliferation-inhibition using a combination index. In all cell lines, docetaxel followed by erlotinib treatment showed nearly additive effects. On the other hand, erlotinib followed by docetaxel treatment showed remarkable antagonistic interactions. Second, we examined the effect of combinations on the in vitro apoptosis induction. Erlotinib followed by docetaxel treatment reduced apoptosis induction compared with docetaxel alone; in contrast, docetaxel followed by erlotinib treatment had no inhibitory effects on docetaxel-induced apoptosis in any of the cell lines. Finally, an in vivo tumor growth inhibition test was performed using xenograft models. Docetaxel followed by erlotinib administration resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition compared with erlotinib or docetaxel monotherapy in all models. In conclusion, we demonstrated that docetaxel followed by erlotinib therapy was a potentially optimum regimen against NSCLC regardless of the mutation status of EGFR and KRAS.


This article is based on my dissertation work on development and change in Swedish Municipal Adult Education (MAE), investigated through occupational life history studies of four teachers in different municipalities who have worked in MAE since the mid 1970s. Three periods of development – three "eras" – in MAE have been identified in terms of its relationship to the state, comprising two restructuring shifts: (1) from centralization to decentralization in the early 90s, and (2) the establishm ent of quasi-marketization of adult education in the late 90s, with a variety of AE-providers, municipal order boards and procurement processes. Comprehensive analysis of the four teacher tra- jectories and their genealogies of context has been carried out, relating to the three eras and concepts on mechan isms for institutional isomorphism (DiMaggio & Powell 1991) have been used for analysis on why and how the different MAE-organizations that the four teachers work in have developed in similar or homogenous ways. In the articl e, tensions and contestation in de- velopment and change in local context are made explicit, and are analyzed and provide basis for problemizing late nati onal reformation and restructuring efforts.


Neutral allyl–palladium complexes stabilised by bulky tris-binaphthyl monophosphite ligands have been prepared and fully characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy, which evidenced a dynamic equilibrium between two diastereomeric species. The new allyl–palladium phosphite complexes have been evaluated as catalytic precursors in the asymmetric hydrovinylation of styrene; they show moderate activity and good to excellent chemo- and enantioselectivity depending on the substituent at the ligand 2′-binaphthyl position. Remarkably, the palladium complex bearing the ligand with an adamantyl ester substituent led to 92 % ee toward (R)-3-phenyl-1-butene, which suggests that the ester functionality might provide a secondary hemilabile interaction with the metal, thus favouring the enantioselectivity control. Rhodium(I) complexes formed in situ with the same ligands were further applied in the hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate, but gave limited activity. The best enantioselectivity (62 %) was achieved with the same ligand that contained the adamantyl ester substituent.


This paper introduces the principle and methods of using a cross diffraction grating as a 2D displacement sensor. According to the characteristic that second-order diffraction beams will produce a phase shift with the grating's motion and grating diffraction beams' tracing, the arrangement of the light routine is designed to form interference strips by congregating them. Based on arrangement of the light routine and some knowledge including the properties of light travel and reflection, the principle of vertex coordinate transformation and the solution for the intersection point of a line and plane, the direction and allocation of all diffraction beams are deduced. As a result, the relationship model between the diffraction beam (direction and position of the projective point on a detector) and the grating deflection around the X,Y, and Z axes and translation along the Z axis is built. The projective point and interference stripes' shape are simulated by Matlab and the sources of influencing the stripes' quality are analysed: for interference strips with relative X motion, the direction undergoes a great change when rotating around the X axis, the stripes' space is changed dramatically for deflection around the Z axis, direction and the space is hardly changed with movement along the Z axis and rotation around the Y axis. At the end, this paper discusses the qualitative relation between measurement error and abnormal translation or deflection of the grating.


ABSTRACT Three ovine-derived cathelicidins, SMAP29, OaBac5mini, and OaBac7.5mini, were compared with respect to their antibacterial activities and interactions with membranes. SMAP29 was confirmed to be α-helical, broad spectrum, and able to disrupt both the outer and the cytoplasmic membranes at relatively low concentrations. In contrast, the two proline- and arginine-rich OaBac peptides had more-modest antibacterial activities, reduced levels of lipopolysaccharide binding, and a lesser ability to depolarize the cytoplasmic membrane, consistent with a cytoplasmic target.


Regularly arrayed patterns of microdischarge light in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and dark spots surrounding glow-like discharge on the dielectric electrode are found in the self-organization phenomenon (SOP). The discharge is generated using a piezoelectric transformer (PT) in the Ar/air mixture. Time-resolved images are captured with an ICCD camera during one cycle of a sinusoidal applied voltage and the voltage-current waveforms are recorded using an oscilloscope. The observed dark spots are the traces of the accumulated charges by the DBD on the dielectric electrode and are considered as the sources of initial charges that induce the next microdischarge development, resulting in the hexagonally-arranged discharge spots.


This study sought to analyse local communities' perceptions of the relationship between drought and conflicts in Laikipia West Sub County, Kenya. The study examined trends in droughts and conflicts in Laikipia West Sub County between 2007 and 2018 and analysed local views on the relationships between droughts and conflicts. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with key informants involving 174 participants. The study also relied on secondary data from the County Government of Laikipia and other government agencies. This study has found that severe droughts in the study area occur in the months of January to March and this also the period when most conflicts happen. An analysis of narratives from participants in the study showed that local perceptions of droughts and conflicts are mostly influenced by ethnicity and livelihood conditions. Residents of Laikipia West Sub County identified at least ten drought adaptations strategies which can be implemented in their localities. This study has revealed many opportunities for collaboration between local communities and governments to address droughts and conflicts in Laikipia West Sub County. The findings of this study will be useful in formulating long term strategies to mitigate droughts and conflicts in the study area.


In the present paper, the influence of inlet flow incidence on the thermal performance of a film cooled linear nozzle vane cascade is assessed. Tests have been carried out on a cooled cascade, featuring a showerhead cooling system made of 4 rows of cylindrical holes. The cascade was tested by varying the inlet flow angle in the range ±20° at a high inlet turbulence intensity level (Tu1 = 9%) and at a constant inlet Mach number of 0.12. The thermal characterization of vane leading edge region was obtained through adiabatic film cooling effectiveness measurements. Vane load distributions supported the discussion of the results. Varying the incidence angle in either positive or negative angles, the thermal protection on the vane is reduced while the maximum protection happened at 0° incidence case.


Blending methanol (MEOH) into gasoline results in the variation of the fuel properties, which are partially significant for the vehicle performance. Based on the modified fuel, necessary changes in the engine-vehicle concept are discussed including variations in the characteristics of the cars. Several steps of blending rates are considered: Low percentage in present production gasoline vehicles, medium rate up to 15% and high values up to 60% in modified concepts. The most influencing factor proves to be the material compatibility, followed by hot driving problems (vapor lock). Experiences with prototypes are discussed as well as larger test programs, e.g. the German Methanol Program with 1000 M 15 vehicles.


Mitigating livestock predation by carnivores is crucial to ensure carnivore conservation and facilitate human-carnivore coexistence. Mitigation measures proposed by conservation agencies, however, are often technocratic and perceived as being an external imposition on the local community. Herders affected by the depredation may have the knowledge to design locally relevant solutions, but they might lack financial and technical support to implement these effectively. Their inability to act can result in the communities being viewed as antagonistic rather than a part of the solution. We present a case study on co-development of a conservation intervention by a traditional pastoral community together with a conservation NGO, to mitigate livestock depredation inside night-time corrals in Ladakh, India. Between January and June 2020, livestock corrals in Sumdoo TR village were attacked 10 times by carnivores such as snow leopards and wolves, killing over 100 sheep, goat, yak, and horses and causing loses of over 10,400 USD. Local people were agitated, and there were strong demands for capture or removal of the carnivores from the area. We operationalized the PARTNERS (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Negotiation, Empathy, Responsiveness, and Strategic Support) principles framework for community-based conservation to help the village effectively implement an intervention based on a novel predator-proof corral design conceptualized by the community. We demonstrate that empowering the community to design and implement a conservation intervention helped them take ownership of the effort, improve trust with conservation agencies, and hence likely to be a long-term solution to conservation conflicts in the region. Our approach of using the PARTNERS principles has relevance for conservation agencies who are trying to implement interventions, particularly those geared toward reducing livestock depredation by carnivores. Our approach further helps communities to view themselves as part of the solution and not the problem.


Sentiment classification is an important subject in text mining research, which concerns the application of automatic methods for predicting the orientation of sentiment present on text documents, with many applications on a number of areas including recommender and advertising systems, customer intelligence and information retrieval. In this paper, we provide a survey and comparative study of existing techniques for opinion mining including machine learning and lexicon-based approaches, together with evaluation metrics. Also cross-domain and cross-lingual approaches are explored. Experimental results show that supervised machine learning methods, such as SVM and naive Bayes, have higher precision, while lexicon-based methods are also very competitive because they require few effort in human-labeled document and isn't sensitive to the quantity and quality of the training dataset.


Abstra ct : The Zinnia genus which belongs to the Asteraceae family is an annual, multipurpose ornamental plant. Zinnia plants are cultivated not only in landscape but also as the potted plant and cut flower. One of the most important problems in the world is salinity in soil and water. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of salinity on twenty Zinnia cultivars during seed germination and early seedling growth. The salt was applied by irrigating seeds with 0 and 100 mM salt solutions. Radicle emergence, seed germination, root, hypocotyl and cotyledon lengths, relative growth index of the root, and seedling fresh weight were evaluated. At the end of the study, the radicle emergence reduction was the highest value in Zinnita Rose (52%). The highest reduction rates on seed germination were at Swizzle Cherry-Ivory, Double Zahara Raspberry Ripple (48%), and Double Zahara Yellow (48%). Root lengths of all Zinnia cultivars were dramatically decreased by salt stress. According to weighted ranked evaluation, Dreamland Ivory and Dreamland Coral were more tolerant to salt stress than other Zinnia cultivars. However, in general Zinnia cultivars were relatively sensitive to salt stress at the


Surveying the data published in the literature one can establish that opinions of authors differ concerning the appropriate relationship between complete lower dentures and the tuberculum alveolare mandibulae (TAM). Some authors claim that, following extensional principles, the base of complete lower dentures must fully cover the TAM. Others think that it is enough if the base covers half of the TAM; yet others recommend that the base should merely extend as far as the mesial edge of the TAM. In the present investigations, we tried to find out what the relationship was between complete lower dentures prepared in everyday practice and the TAM. Dentists of the Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry examined 8346 patients in eight different regions of Hungary over a period of three years. In the present analysis, we discuss the data of subjects wearing a complete lower denture. In the populations concerned, 669 subjects met these criteria. With respect to the relationship between the base and the TAM, we distinguished three groups. The first group was made up by cases where the base extended as far as the mesial edge of the TAM, the second group included subjects whose base reached the medial line of the TAM, whereas the third group comprised patients in whose case the base fully covered the TAM. The relationship between the base and the TAM was examined intraorally, by ocular inspection. The data were analysed with regard to gender and laterality, by the help of the SPSS software package and the chi 2 test. The investigations showed that, in everyday practice, an overwhelming majority (77.10%) of complete lower dentures had a base extending to the mesial edge of the TAM, and it was in a mere 3.9% of cases that the base covered (some of) the TAM. Cases where the edge of the base did not reach the TAM (19.01%) were taken as cases where the dentist disregarded the significance of the relationship between the base and the TAM. The tuberculum alveolare mandibulae is a structure made up by dense fibrous connective tissue that, in most cases, may get displaced over its base and is not pressure resistant, not able to provide a value-like seal and, therefore, not suitables for the extension of the base. Our results suggest that practising dentists have noticed this; furthermore, they have probably also noticed that whenever the base extends as far as the mesial edge of the TAM, leaning against it as it were, it effectively prevents the denture from shifting backwards, i.e. is an obstacle to its anteroposterior displacement.


Introduction: The aim of the study was to provide normative data on Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3 (TVPS) in Indian Drivers as well as to examine the effect of education, age and gender. Also to assess the clinical utility in Indian population. Methods: One hundred and seven participants -57 males and 50 females aged 25 to 54 years stratified into 3 age group and 3 educational level completed the TVPS-3. Mean, standard deviation and decile were calculated for TVPS overall score and mean, standard deviation, quartile were calculated for TVPS-3 subtest score. One way ANOVA and t test were used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis demonstrated that education has a significant effect on TVPS 3 score, as evidenced by increasing TVPS score with education. Lower education contributed to poor test performance. One-way ANOVA between three age group and three educational years showed that as the number of educational years increases in any group there is statistically significant interaction. No significant age and gender effect was noticed as age group studied was younger and middle age group. TVPS subtest accuracy score of 16 was obtained in all subtest by 12 + educational group. Conclusion: The findings indicated that education was associated with better performance on TVPS-3. We obtained normative references for the TVPS on an adult Indian driver's population. An accurate screening tool should lead to increased confidence for Occupational Therapists to assess visual perceptual skills for comprehensive driving assessments.


Objectives: To evaluate the possible effect of androgen status on sexuality and mental wellbeing in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods: Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), testosterone (T), androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and the SHBG/T ratio were measured in 21 women with pSS. Sexual life was assessed by a Swedish version of the McCoy scale, which covers sexual experience and responsiveness during the past 30 days. A standardised questionnaire, the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWB), was used to examine quality of life and psychological symptoms in patients with pSS. Results: Positive correlations were found between DHEA-S serum levels and the total McCoy score (rs=0.62; p<0.01), as well as the subscales of this score reflecting arousal (0.59; p<0.05), desire (rs=0.52; p<0.05), and satisfaction (rs=0.66; p<0.01). Serum DHEA-S concentrations were also related to the total PGWB score (rs=0.60; p<0.01) and subscales of this score: depression (rs=0.62; p<0.01), wellbeing (rs=0.64; p<0.01), general health (rs=0.67; p<0.01), and self control (rs=0.67; p<0.01). Total McCoy and PGWB scores and their subscales were not related to the serum levels of testosterone and androstenedione or the T/SHBG ratio. Conclusions: Circulating levels of the weak androgen DHEA-S are positively related to the quality of sexual life and mental wellbeing in women with pSS.


When wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Yangmai 158) seedling (with three fully expanded leaves) roots were treated with 15% PEG-6000 in combination with different concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mmol/L) of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NO(-)(3)/NO(-)(2) (control), the enhancement of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in wheat seedling leaves under osmotic stress was delayed at the lower concentration of SNP treatment (0.1 mmol/L), while the generation rate of O(-.)(2), the enhancement of membrane permeability and the accumulation of MDA and H(2)O(2)were also alleviated. SNP 0.1 mmol/L significantly enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and accelerated the accumulation of proline. In comparison with these changes, the effects of higher concentration of SNP (0.5 mmol/L) and corresponding control (NO(-)(3)/NO(-)(2)) were not so obvious. The above results indicate that lower concentrations of in vitro nitric oxide (NO) can protect wheat seedling leaves from membrane lipid peroxidation caused by osmotic stress.


Satellite data on the sea level heights and data of Argo floats for the southwestern Bering Sea and adjacent area of the North Pacific are analyzed. Interannual variability of the thermohaline structure and water dynamics caused by the nodal (declination) tide with the period of 18.6 years is revealed. The tidal-induced 18.6-year variability is traced in variations of the sea level, water temperature and direction and velocity of the geostrophic currents. Extreme strengthening (in 2006) and weakening (in 1997 and 2015) of nodal tides led to lowering/rising of the sea level heights in the southwestern Bering Sea and in the areas southward from the Near Strait and Commander Islands. The sea level lowering was associated with increasing of salinity and water density in the layer of 50–400 m; as the result, the salinity and density at the depth of temperature minimum (~100 m) were higher in 2005–2006 than in 2015–2016 by 0.20 psu and 0.14 kg . m–3, respectively. This increasing can be explained by transformation of the Alaskan Stream waters due to intensified tidal mixing in the Aleutian Passes and in the Near Strait. No statistically significant correlation between the sea level and amplitude of the nodal tide was found in the areas remoted from the straits. Another consequence of the sea level lowering was an appearance of cyclonic circulation northward and southward from the Near Strait and weakening of the Alaskan Stream in spring of 2006, with cessation of the flow from the Near Strait to the mainland coast that caused SST decreasing in the southwestern Bering Sea. Intensification (weakening) of nodal tides was accompanied by decreasing (increasing) of sockeye salmon catches at East Kamchatka and Aleutian Islands.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
What is an interpreted and synthesised understanding of responses of survivors to a suicide death of a close person?

BACKGROUND
It is well known that survivors of suicide loss who are in a close relationship with the deceased are at high risk for suicidality and health conditions. Nurses in various settings need evidenced-informed approaches to encounter these vulnerable persons and support their healing journey from postvention to prevention.

DESIGN
The design is reflexive and iterative.

METHOD
A Critical Interpretive Synthesis comprised of six phases: formulating the review question; searching literature; sampling; determining quality; extracting data; interpretive synthesis. Qualitative content analysis was also.

RESULTS
Based on a sample of 15 published full-text qualitative and quantitative nursing research studies published between 1990 and 2016, an aggregated, interpreted and synthesised understanding of responses of survivors of suicide loss to the suicide death of a close person emerged. Four synthesised concepts were: dreading burden of suicide risk and stigma; facing burdensomeness in the aftermath of suicide death; enduring being burdened-unburdened, striving to invest in living; and liberating burdensomeness, journeying toward healing.

CONCLUSIONS
Contextually, geo-cultural gaps exist in published nursing studies. Most studies were from North American and a few from Asia. The reported suicide deaths occurred over a wide range of time. Conceptually, four synthesised concepts can be viewed as a process of moving from burdensomeness to liberating burdensomeness. Methodologically, a small body of knowledge that met quality appraisal was interpreted and synthesised into an understanding of an evidenced-informed approach to guide nurses' encounters with survivors of suicide loss.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The results contribute to an evidenced-informed approach for nurses in practice to support survivors of suicide loss journeying from burdensomeness to liberating burdensomeness. Results also serve as a foundation for further research.


The recent publication1 2 of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the classification for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) provides an important reason to continue the dialogue on testing for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) that has appeared in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ( ARD ). Following our article on the variability of immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for testing ANA in SLE,3 the journal published a series of very interesting and informative letters addressing our findings and reporting on other experience in ANA testing.4–12 These letters have been important in alerting the field to the challenges in ANA testing and the variety of assay approaches, including solid phase assays (SPA), that are currently available for determining the serological status of patients.

While our focus was the clinical trial setting, our results are also relevant to the new classification criteria.1 2 These criteria differ from previous classification systems in the positioning of a positive ANA. Whereas a positive ANA represented one criterion in the ACR and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria,13 14 in the new EULAR/ACR criteria, a positive ANA is necessary for classification; if this criterion is met, other manifestations receive varying numbers of points to determine classification. Such a positioning implies that SLE is always ANA positive, that a negative ANA can …


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how to overcome the dilemma of the lack of student workforce readiness upon graduation. Based on experiential learning theory, the authors propose an innovative three-step approach to marketing curriculum to help address this dilemma.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines both quantitative and qualitative data. First, quantitative results were obtained from 5,222 end-of-course surveys of students taking an experiential learning course at a southeastern United States public university. Results were also obtained from 111 end-of-course surveys of students taking experiential learning courses in marketing. Second, qualitative results were obtained through a critical review of self-reflection assignments from over 1,000 students taking a variety of experiential learning marketing courses.FindingsThe authors identify a three-step process that can be used to develop curriculum that will better prepare students for entering the workforce. The advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of curriculum are also discussed. The outcomes indicate that an entire curriculum focused on experiential learning, self-reflection and ePortfolios will allow students to not only be better prepared for the workforce but also will help them be better communicators on what they have learned.Originality/valueIn this paper, the authors contribute to the literature by providing a curriculum-based approach to learning in order to minimize the gap between academic knowledge and workforce preparedness. Sample course projects, reflective prompts and grading rubrics are provided to aid others in the implementation of this type of curriculum.


ABSTRACT A new series of photoresponsive thermotropic liquid crystalline copoly(arylidene-ether)s based on both 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone and cyclohexanone moieties in the main chain were synthesised using solution polycondensation technique of both with different 4,4ʹ-diformyl-α,ω-diphenoxyalkane derivatives. Two model compounds were synthesised from the reaction of each cycloalkanone monomer with benzaldehyde, and their structures were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the monomers and copolymers was confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. In addition, the thermal stabilities of these copolymers were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. We performed both differential scanning calorimertric and polarised optical microscopic measurements to investigate the thermotropic liquid crystalline properties of synthesised copolymers. The UV−Vis absorption spectroscopy of the liquid crystalline copoly(arylidene-ether) 6f revealed that the system undergoes Entgegen/Zusammen (E/Z) photoisomerisation using UV lamp (450 nm). Moreover, the various characteristics of the prepared copolymers including: solubility, X-ray diffraction analysis, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscopy were determined and discussed. The cytotoxicity of the model compounds and selected examples of these copolymers was tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. All tested samples showed considerable results, where 6c copolymer gave the best result; it showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 of 0.26 µM. Graphical Abstract


In Techniques of the Observer, Jonathan Crary describes important changes invisual technology and visual culture that predate both the advent of impressionism and Wharton's or James's obsession with observers and beautiful objects. Crary has located a break with the hitherto dominant perspectivalist scopic regime in the early nineteenth century. I will argue that this break is reflected in the fiction of Harriet Prescott Spofford (1835-1921), a central but as yet underestimated writer in the American literary tradition, especially with regard to issues of vision. My general thesis is that a strong interest in questions of vision goes further back than the rise of impressionism and that there is a tradition in American women's writing that is concerned with vision and visual structures from the middle of the nineteenth century to the present. Spofford's concern with vision places her in this tradition and renders her a significant example of the inextricable links between vision and gender. In the following, I will investigate Spofford's interest in vision in three areas: visual technological innovations, questions of artistic representation in the fine arts, and the implications of social regimes of vision with regard to gender. I will argue that Spofford's depiction of visual practices and her ambivalence about the changes she describes indicate a crisis in seeing that is closely linked to her examination of gender relations. But before I concentrate on Spofford, I briefly want to come back to the break Crary has described, to explain why and how questions of "looking" had already become increasingly important during the early and mid-nineteenth century. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the camera obscura, relying on the principles of Cartesian perspectivalism, had served as an example for both the functioning of perception and epistemological insight for at least two hundred years. According to this model, vision is primarily in the service of a nonsensory faculty of understanding, knowledge is founded on a supposedly objective view of the world. The light falling through the hole in the camera obscura corresponds to the light of reason in the inner space of the mind that alone facilitates knowledge of the world. The camera obscura decorporealizes vision and performs a process of individuation. It relies on the assumption of a profound distinction between interior observer and exterior world, and it presupposes a quasi-immaterial and monocular observer. Physical research, physiological discoveries, and philosophical inquiries into the possibilities of human understanding from the early 1800s onward undermine the camera obscura model of vision in various ways and render the relation between observer and world more ambivalent. New scientific findings emphasize the binocularity of human sight, acknowledge its temporality, locate vision in the materiality of the body, and thus endow the observer with "a new perceptual autonomy and productivity" (Crary, "Modernizing" 35). Vision is considered subjective, temporal, and nonveridical. On the other hand, the merging of the domain of optics with new knowledge about the functioning of the body in the human sciences is part of the reorganization of knowledge and the increasing interest in controlling and utilizing the capacities of the human body as described by Foucault. The looking subject is positioned at this watershed between old and new understandings of vision, between notions of objective truth and subjective insight as well as between autonomy, standardization, and regulation. The boom in the invention of optical devices in the middle decades of the nineteenth century brought publicity to new knowledge about human sight and ruptured the assumptions about human vision of a broad public. In Spofford's stories, references to optical devices, physical phenomena, and the visual arts give evidence of her knowledge of how such elements reflect changes in understanding the world, their consequences, and, possibly, their epistemological implications. …


Three systems of animal production on the fragile Karoo veld, i.e. multi-paddock rotational grazing, pauci-paddock rotational grazing and continuous grazing were studied. Of these systems, multi-paddock rotational grazing gave the best results with continuous stocking resulting in the worst. All three systems studied had long histories of both continuous stocking- and of pauci-paddock rotational grazing. The veld, under both these previous systems of management has stabilised, but at different seral stages. The continuously stocked range stabilised in the early developmental seral stage, consisting mainly of annual grasses. The veld under pauci-paddock rotational management stabilised in the early to mid-developmental seral stage, consisting mainly of perennial grasses. Experimentation on veld in a stable condition is a prerequisite if valid conclusions in respect of rotational grazing and continuous stocking are to be drawn. Rotational grazing on overgrazed veld will result in poor animal performance, while it is generally accepted that continuous stocking on pristine veld will result in excellent animal performance for a number of years. Multi-paddock rotational grazing outperformed both pauci-paddock rotational grazing as well as continuous stocking on both types of veld. This is surprising taking into account the mid-seral stage condition of the vegetation. This supports the argument that with improved veld management, an improved production potential is possible on veld even in a degraded or current condition.


The extended frontal aslant tract (exFAT) is a tractography-based extension of the frontal aslant tract (FAT) which has been shown to be related with language and working memory performance in healthy human adults, but whether those functional implications map to structurally separate regions along its trajectory is still an open question. We present a tractography-informed Voxel-Based Morphometry procedure capable of detecting local tract-specific structural differences in white matter regions and apply it in two maximum variation sampling studies by comparing local differences in diffusion-derived microstructural parameters and fiber density along the exFAT territory between top performers and bottom performers in language and working memory tasks. In the right hemisphere we were able to detect, without prior constraints, a vertical frontal aslant component approximating the original FAT trajectory whose fiber density was significantly correlated with language (but not working memory) performance and an anterior cluster component corresponding to a distinct anterior frontal aslant component whose fiber density was significantly correlated with working memory (but not language) performance. The reported sub-division of the exFAT territory describes a set of frontal connections that are compatible with previously reported results on the Broca's territory and frontal cortex hierarchical organization along an anterior-posterior gradient, suggesting that the exFAT could be part of a common neuroanatomical scaffold where language and working memory functions are integrated in the healthy human brain.


The article is devoted to the design of technological containers for storage, domestic and regional transportation of body parts of passenger cars on the example of the container for an automobile roof. Development of a method of designing of a technological container is carried out using SolidWorks software.


legs. This went on, although gradually subsiding, for about seven months. The third lady, aged 32, who was also treated with salicylates, recovered completely in ten days. In J. J. Conybeare's Textbook of Medicine' there is the sentence: " Neuralgic and 'rheumatic' pains and mild encephalitis have occurred as complications [of German measles]." I have never seen the encephalitis, but neck stiffness, due to occipital lymph node enlargement, together with pain on moving the eyes (not photophobia), did once suggest it. In allergic conditions, particularly in serum sickness, similar pains in the joints are encountered, which may persist long after the acute condition has passed off in one or in many joints. These pains are sometimes referred to as polyarthralgia, which, of course, describes the symptom but not the disease. For my part, I regard these phenomena as similar to those which we find in the, beginning of the majority of infections. The pains are usually in the muscles, and it would appear that in the more severe conditions, lesions, presumably exudative, occur in the joints. In my experience, in German measles there is a tendency for the pains to persist for some months afterwards. Conybeare has it that a "multiple arthritis may occur in the course of many diseases, such as pneumonia, dysentery, scarlet fever, pyaemia, syphilis, gout, and typhoid." Beaumont, in his book Medicine,2 mentions that some authorities believe that focal sepsis produces "a chronic allergic state, which on stimulation results in acute rheumatism." In my view, the similarity between the joint pains in serum sickness and those in German measles-and indeed many other infective conditions-should lead us to regard these phenomena as allergic.-I am, etc.,


Fibrin microbeads (FMB), made of extensively cross-linked dense and partially denatured fibrin, were used as a matrix for efficient isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from rat bone marrow (BM). After 2 days of incubation of FMB with whole BM in suspension, a high number of cells of mesenchymal origin attached to the FMB. On the 14th day after their transfer to plastic, the yield of the cells isolated via FMB was approximately 3-4 times higher than that obtained by currently used protocols based solely on plastic adhesion. This implies that the number of MSC in BM may be higher than previously reported. FACS analyses and immunostaining showed the mesenchymal characteristics of these cells by positive staining for fibronectin, vimentin, CD49E, and CD29. Immediately after isolation, less than 20% of the cells still expressed the hematopoietic markers CD11b and CD45. Most of these cells were eventually eliminated after further expansion of the isolated cells on plastic. Cells isolated via FMB were expanded in culture for more than 4 months and could be defined as MSC along this time period based on their ability to differentiate into precursors of mesenchymal tissues, such as osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells. Similar differentiation plasticity was observed in clones derived from single cells from whole MSC populations isolated via FMB. Based on our results we propose that FMB can serve as a 3-dimensional biodegradable matrix for isolation, differentiation, and possibly implantation of MSC for tissue regeneration.


The energies of levels of configurations 3l3l' for He-like ions with Z=2-26 were calculated in the framework of perturbation theory with a hydrogen-like zeroth approximation. Calculations have been performed in two orders of perturbation theory by Coulomb interaction of electrons. For the calculation of the second-order correction a new method is proposed, which turned out to be convenient for calculations in the framework of the perturbation theory used, in which the explicit analytical expressions for wavefunctions and Green's function are known. The results prove to be in good agreement with variational calculations.


OBJECTIVES
to analyze the effects of a multiprofessional remote intervention and telenursing in the treatment of obesity.

METHODS
pragmatic clinical trial of intervention, conducted with obese adults. The multiprofessional remote intervention with a nurse occurred for 16 weeks through a messaging application. The application analyzed body composition, hemodynamic and laboratory variables, comparing the results obtained with the group that participated in face-to-face multiprofessional intervention without a nurse. The study investigated the effects of the intervention comparing the intervention groups and the moments through the ANOVA test for repeated measures.

RESULTS
Group 1 obtained significance in the variables: percentage of body fat (p = 0.008); blood glucose (p = 0.014); insulin (p = 0.001); abdominal and waist circumference; and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONS
the effects of multiprofessional remote intervention and telenursing significantly decreased the risk variables for metabolic syndrome in the treatment of obesity.


In wireless networks, radio-map based locating techniques are commonly used to cope the complex fading feature of radio signal, in which a radio-map is built by calibrating received signal strength (RSS) signatures at training locations in the offline phase. However, in severe hostile environments, such as in ship cabins where severe shadowing, blocking and multi-path fading effects are posed by ubiquitous metallic architecture, even radio-map cannot capture the dynamics of RSS. In this paper, we introduced multiple feature radio-map location method for severely noisy environments. We proposed to add low variance signature into radio map. Since the low variance signatures are generally expensive to obtain, we focus on the scenario when the low variance signatures are sparse. We studied efficient construction of multi-feature radio-map in offline phase, and proposed feasible region narrowing down and particle based algorithm for online tracking. Simulation results show the remarkably performance improvement in terms of positioning accuracy and robustness against RSS noises than the traditional radio-map method.


A prenatally detected suprarenal cystic mass measuring 2 cm was found to have enlarged upon postnatal ultrasonography at 6 weeks of age. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 57 x 50 mm mass in the left adrenal region displacing the kidney inferiorly. The infant underwent an adrenalectomy with total resection of the tumor, which proved on histologic examination to be a mature teratoma. Prenatally detected suprarenal masses are likely to be neuroblastoma or adrenal hemorrhage, but may be rare benign lesions such as extralobar pulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cyst, or renal dysplasia. Although teratoma in the adrenal region is extremely rare, it should be included in the clinical and radiologic differential diagnosis of prenatally detected suprarenal masses. Total excision of the mass for histologic diagnosis is indicated.


A graph editor can be used as a graphical user interface to many applications. A language is defined which describes the interface between an application and a graph editor. The language describes attributes of the graph such as the various node and edge types and how they should be displayed. It also specifies the manner in which the graph is to be displayed (layout algorithm, layout constraints) and the set of editing commands. The use of this language will simplify the customization of graph editors. For various types of graph editors there would be corresponding descriptions. This interface description language is being incorporated into the EDGE graph editor.<<ETX>>


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Dental care provision in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is often a problem despite the high demand. LTCF residents would greatly benefit from a concept that provides an onsite dental care. A rational evaluation of the costs to render this service as well as the cost benefits is worth investigating. This study aimed to calculate the costs involved in providing a mobile dental clinic (MDC) service for LTCF residents in Zurich, Switzerland.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cost models for setting up, executing and maintaining an MDC unit were generated. The costs included personnel, equipment/material, maintenance and running costs. The treatment costs were calculated for the treatment in MDC, university-setting dental clinic (UC) and private practice (PP). Hypothetical cost estimates were generated for the return of the invested capital. Costs incurred for the institutions for accommodating the MDC visit were also calculated.

RESULTS
The set-up capital required to start a MDC in Switzerland (for 2020) was approximately around CHF 505'007.90 (Euros 466'576.80) and was around CHF 452'666.48 (Euros 418'218.56) when a dental care professional (DCP) substituted the dentist. The estimated cost savings for an LTCF resident in the MDC were CHF 205.60 (Euros 189.95) when compared to a UC and approximately CHF 226.34 (Euros 209.12) when compared to a PP. With the dentist, the return of the invested capital can be expected by 3 years while it would take around 6 years with the DCP, assuming that the maximum number of patients possible-to-treat are treated every year. The daily running costs for the LTCF for accommodating the MDC visit were approximately CHF 299.04 (Euros 276.28).

CONCLUSIONS
Delivery of oral health services for LTCF residents through the use of a MDC service seems to be an effective model for dependent elders with limited access to care. However, the costs of maintaining this service are high with similarly large start-up costs. Future development of this model by utilising dental care professionals may produce cost savings but with a more limited range of services offered.


Despite the incorrect asymptotic behavior of its potential, the time-dependent local density approximation can yield accurate optical spectra. The oscillator strengths of Rydberg excitations appear in the calculated spectrum as continuum contributions with excellent optical intensity. We explain why, illustrate this for the neon and helium atoms, and also discuss when such calculations of the optical response will be inaccurate.