Here we have presented the synthesis of three novel triorganotin(IV) complexes: trimethylstannyl 4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenylamino)-4- oxobut-2-enoate (1); tributylstannyl 4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoate (2) and triphenylstannyl 4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoate (3). The ligand and its three complexes were spectroscopically characterized by NMR (1H and 13C) in solution and by FT-IR in solid state. Complexes 1 and 2 were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystallographic data reveal that complexes 1 and 2 both are structurally trialkytin analogs with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The geometry around tin atom is constituted by three alkyl groups (methyl in complex 1 and butyl in complex 2) occupying the equatorial positions and two oxygen atoms of 4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenylamino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid ligand occupying the axial positions. The computational study was performed applying LANL2DZ (Los Alamos National Laboratory 2 Double-Zeta) functional with B3LYP (Lee, Yang and Parr ) level of theory to obtain the optimized geometry, spectroscopic analysis, frontier molecular orbitals as well as global and local reactivity. A good correlation was found between the experimental and computational results. The homogeneous catalytic performance of synthesized compounds was evaluated for the transesterification of corn oil with methanol into biodiesel. The obtained corn oil biodiesel (COB) was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS. The catalytic results revealed that the complexes were active at optimized conditions and therefore can be potential candidates for the development of new catalytic system for biodiesel production.


Different aspects of a particular kind of heterocycle, namely pyrazino[2,3-c][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide are discussed. These include synthesis, reactivity, tautomerism and acid-base properties, results of x-ray analysis and molecular orbital calcultations. Besides, some of the derivatives have shown interesting biological effects, among which are the diuretic properties which are also presented.


Intra- and inter-AS transient link failures are common in operational IP networks. Robust intra- and inter-AS traffic engineering (TE) schemes have been proposed to optimize network performance against transient link failures. The existing literature has focused solely on either intra- or inter-AS link failure. They have, however, neglected the interactions between robust intra- and inter-AS TE, specifically the impact of intra-AS link failure on inter-AS TE and vice versa. As a result, the overall network performance may not be truly robust to link failures if the interactions are neglected. This paper proposes a joint robust TE approach that takes the interactions into account for achieving good network performance under both normal state and any single intra- or inter-AS link failure. We propose a two-phase heuristic to solve the problem and compare its performance with four alternative approaches that do not consider the interactions. Evaluation results reveal that our joint robust TE approach achieves higher robustness against intra- and inter-AS link failures than all the alternatives.


This study's purpose was to identify and describe common patterns of person-environment interaction in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Newman's propositions about pattern provided the theoretical foundation, and a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to recognize pattern. Sixty-six adults diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis completed questionnaires that assessed characteristic ways of functioning. Iterative cluster analysis of the data identified five distinct groups of individuals with similar response profiles. Content analysis of each group's characteristics produced a core theme representing the nature of the common pattern. The finding of multiple, distinct common patterns of person-environment interaction within the population of persons with RA is consistent with findings in other populations. Further study of the common patterns, in relation to health outcomes, has potential for increasing knowledge about the sources of different health experiences among persons with the same chronic illness.


This article presents an IN architecture that is based on distributed object and mobile agent technologies. It deviates from traditional IN in two prominent ways: first, by substituting message-based protocols with a CORBA distributed processing environment. The new communications infrastructure not only serves to convey IN flows, but also functions as a potent unifying location-transparent layer. Second, the new architecture makes heavy use of mobile agent technology. Service logic programs are implemented as mobile agents, and are thus not constrained to control the switch's operations remotely from a central location. Instead, they can migrate and control its operations locally. The infrastructure elements of the architecture exploit this ability of service logic programs by cloning them and dragging their clones to the appropriate locations in response to excess processing or signaling load. The architecture is in this way self-balancing, in contrast to the centralized nature of traditional IN. A prototype implementation is presented along with a service creation framework that enables the IN service designer to disregard environment-related issues and concentrate on the IN logic of the services per se.


BACKGROUND
Routine clinical coding of clinical outcomes in outpatient consultations still lags behind the coding of episodes of inpatient care. Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) offers an opportunity for standardised coding of key clinical information. Identifying the most commonly required SNOMED terms and grouping these into a reference set will aid future adoption in routine clinical care.

OBJECTIVE
To create a common endocrinology reference set to standardise the coding for outcomes of outpatient endocrine consultations, using a semi-automated extraction of information from existing clinical correspondence.

METHODS
Retrospective review of data from an adult tertiary outpatient endocrine clinic between 2018 and 2019. A total of 1870 patients from postcodes within two regional areas of NHS Grampian (Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire) attended the clinic. Following consultation, an automated script extracted each problem statement which was manually coded using the 'disorder' concepts from SNOMED CT (UK edition).

RESULTS
The review identified 298 relevant endocrine diagnoses, 99 findings and 142 procedures. There were a total of 88 (29.5%) commonly seen endocrine conditions (e.g., Graves' disease, anterior hypopituitarism and Addison's disease) and 210 (70.5%) less commonly seen endocrine conditions. Subsequently, consultant endocrinologists completed a survey regarding the common endocrine conditions; 28 conditions have 100% agreement, 25 have 90%-99% agreement, 31 have 50%-89% agreement and 4 have less than 59% agreement (which were excluded).

CONCLUSION
Automated text parsing of structured endocrine correspondence allowed the creation of a SNOMED CT reference set for common endocrine disorders. This will facilitate funding and planning of service provision in endocrinology by allowing more accurate characterisation of the patient cohorts needing specialist endocrine care.


Recent years have witnessed the success of deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) for numerous vision tasks. However, ConvNets have a significant limitation: they do not have effective internal structures to explicitly learn image pairwise relations. This yields two fundamental bottlenecks for many vision problems of label and map regression, as well as image reconstruction: (a) pixels of an image have large amount of redundancies but cannot be efficiently utilized by ConvNets, which predict each of them independently, and (b) the convolutional operation cannot effectively solve problems that rely on similarities of pixel pairs, e.g., image pixel propagation and shape/mask refinement.This thesis focuses on how to learn pairwise relations of image pixels under jointly, end-to-end learnable neural networks. Specifically, this is achieved by two different approaches: (a) formulating the conditional random field (CRF) objective as a non-structured objective that can be implemented via ConvNets as an additional loss, and (b) developing spatial propagation based deep-learning-friendly structures that learn the pairwise relations in an explicit manner.In the first approach, we develop a novel multi-objective learning method that optimizes a single unified deep convolutional network with two distinct non-structured loss functions: one encoding the unary label likelihoods and the other encoding the pairwise label dependencies. We propose to apply this framework on face parsing, while experiments on both LFW and Helen datasets demonstrate the additional pairwise loss significantly improves the labeling performance compared to a single loss ConvNet with the same architecture.In the second approach, we explore how to learn pairwise relations using spatial propagation networks, instead of using additional loss functions. Unlike ConvNets, the propagation module is a spatially recurrent network with a linear transformation between adjacent rows and columns. We propose two typical structures: a one-way connection using one-dimensional propagation, and a three-way connection using two-dimensional propagation. For both models, the linear weights are spatially variant output maps that can be learned from any ConvNet. Since such modules are fully differentiable, they are flexible enough to be inserted into any type of neural network. We prove that while both structures can formulate global affinities, the one-way connection constructs a sparse matrix, and the three-way forms a much denser one. While both structures demonstrate their effectiveness over a wide range of vision problems, the three-way connection is more powerful with challenging tasks (e.g., general object segmentation). We show that a well-learned affinity can benefit numerous computer vision applications, including but not limited to image filtering and denoising, pixel/color interpolation, face parsing, as well as general semantic segmentation. Compared to graphical model base pairwise learning, the spatial propagation network can be a good alternative in deep-learning based frameworks.


Esref Armagan is a blind painter. Cognitive and neural scientists have described his use of line structure when drawing and his visual cortex activation during tactile exploration. But what remains unknown is how Esref, without ever having sight, may be able to understand the use of depth cues such as relative size in a picture. To examine whether tactile experience provides information about relative size, we blindfolded sighted individuals and asked them to haptically explore a set of objects in either near or far locations before drawing the objects on paper. Objects explored with an arms extended position were drawn significantly smaller than those explored just in front of the face. Our results provide the first evidence that haptic object interaction can provide information about relative size, akin to that garnered visually. It can be used to inform spatial layout or, in Esref's case, to artistically render objects in three dimensions.


We have developed a 3.5-mm coaxial microcalorimeter that will become a national power standard up to 26.5 GHz. Several core parts such as a thermostat, an adiabatic line, a thermopile, and reference standards are described in detail. Some measurement data are shown for a system performance check. A finite-element method simulation of the adiabatic line is shown. A model of the effect of the adiabatic line on thermopile measurement is introduced. Effective efficiency at selected frequencies is presented for the reference standards.


Background C-type lectin receptors, like Toll-like receptors, belong to the pathogen pattern recognition family (PPR) and are essentially involved in immune responses against microbial infections. Dectin-2 (also known as Clec4n) is mainly expressed on myeloid cells and has been shown to interact with mannan ligands of candida albicans, mycobacteria and house dust mite. The role of Dectin-2 in autoimmune diseases has been less elucidated. Purpose To investigate the role of Dectin-2 deficiency in the development and severity of experimental arthritis using the K/BxN serum transfer model. Methods We administered 100 µl serum from K/BxN mice into Dectin-2-/-and wt (Dectin-2+/+) mice on day 1 and 3. We assessed daily clinical signs of arthritis including increase in paw swelling and loss of grip strength on a scale from 0 to 3 (no to severe swelling) or 0 to -3 (no to severe loss of grip strength), respectively. On day 11 we analysed gait profiles using the CatWalk gait analysis system. One day later, we sacrificed the animals, collected serum for cytokine analysis and isolated hind paws for subsequent histological analysis. We assessed quantitatively the extent of synovial inflammation (on H&E stained sections), number of osteoclasts and subchondral bone erosions (on TRAP stained sections) and cartilage damage (on TB stained sections) with Osteomeasure software. Immunohistochemical stainings were used to identify neutrophil granulocytes (7/4 clone), macrophages (F4/80 clone), T cells (CD3ab) and B cells (CD45R) within inflammatory synovial tissue using TissueQuest software. Results We found a significant reduction in clinical signs of arthritis such as paw swelling and loss of grip strength as well as a significant prevention of loss of body weight in the K/BxN serum transfer model in Dectin-2-/- mice compared to wt mice. Furthermore, we found a significant protection from functional impairment shown by increased gait parameters such as maximal intensity and print area in Dectin-2-/- mice. Lack of Dectin-2 revealed a significant protection from synovial inflammation, generation of synovial bone-resorbing osteoclasts and formation of subchondral bone erosion as quantitatively assessed in hind paw sections. Consistently, we observed a significant protection from proteoglycan loss in articular cartilage in Dectin-2-/- mice compared to wt mice. We found a significant reduction of infiltrating neutrophil granulocytes into the inflamed joints in mice lacking Dectin-2. Conclusion C-type lectin receptor Dectin-2 is essentially involved in the regulation of the innate immune response in K/BxN serum transfer model. Lack of Dectin-2 significantly diminished the infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly of neutrophil granulocytes, responsible in driving inflammatory responses and subsequent structural bone and cartilage damage.


The progress of a nation is a function of the level of the resourcefulness of the people which to a great extent, relates to the level of quality of the training and purposeful development of education in that nation. Such progress or development could only occur when an individual in the society is gainfully employed and per capital income is enhanced. This could only be possible when government educational policies are geared towards a functional education that can lead to job creation and also self reliance. Entrepreneurship education is a means through which government could attain such development in the society. Therefore, this paper examines how the role of entrepreneurship education and how it could help in job creation in Nigeria. The challenges of quality entrepreneurship education were also discussed. Finally, the paper advanced some suggestions on how to overcome the challenges so as to reduce unemployment and enhances job creation in Nigeria


We present a multiple laser tweezers system based on refractive optics. The system produces an array of 100 optical traps thanks to a refractive microlens array, whose focal plane is imaged into the focal plane of a high-NA microscope objective. This refractive multi-tweezers system is combined to micro-fluidics, aiming at performing simultaneous biochemical reactions on ensembles of free floating objects. Micro-fluidics allows both transporting the particles to the trapping area, and conveying biochemical reagents to the trapped particles. Parallel trapping in micro-fluidics is achieved with polystyrene beads as well as with native vesicles produced from mammalian cells. The traps can hold objects against fluid flows exceeding 100 micrometers per second. Parallel fluorescence excitation and detection on the ensemble of trapped particles is also demonstrated. Additionally, the system is capable of selectively and individually releasing particles from the tweezers array using a complementary steerable laser beam. Strategies for high-yield particle capture and individual particle release in a micro-fluidic environment are discussed. A comparison with diffractive optical tweezers enhances the pros and cons of refractive systems.


Since the explosive influx of biological data obtained from high-throughput medical instruments, the ability to leverage the currently available data to extract useful knowledge has become one of the most challenging problems in biomedical research. The analysis of such data is particularly complex not only due to its massive size but also due to its heterogeneity and inherent noise associated with several data gathering steps. The utilization of biological networks to model and integrate large-scale heterogeneous biomedical data continues to grow, especially with the systems biology approach taking center stage in many bioinformatics applications. Although loaded with biologically relevant signals, correlation networks do contain noise and are too large for simple data mining tools. In this project, we implement different types of filters to reduce the network size and sort out signals from noise. We propose a new approach for generating various filters that iterate on sub graphs along a spectrum between spanning tree and chordal filters. We show how different network filters incrementally obtain various clusters along this spectrum to maintain structural and domain-relevant components of the original network, while reducing noise. We test the proposed approach using gene expression levels obtained from diabetes and yeast datasets and compare the filtered networks with original networks using ontology enrichment. The obtained results support our main hypothesis that the filters conserve important elements from the original networks while uncovering new biologically significant clusters. However, results analyzing maintained and uncovered biologically significant hubs were inconclusive.


Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to seek to develop a rigorous analysis of social capabilities (SC) and measuring them in a special industrial cluster, considering the key role of knowledge and SC in innovation. Design/methodology/approach - – The paper sets off from the definition of SC and the elements that characterize them in an industrial cluster. The focus also examines how it is possible to measure SC within a specific area, using the scoreboard approach. The empirical aspect remains based upon the original results of surveys conducted on a sample of entrepreneurs specializing in a special industrial cluster utilizing a multi-method approach and the paper presents the empirical analysis estimating an innovation equation. Findings - – The results of the case study show that the relationship between SC and innovation does not only involve large enterprises but small- and medium-sized businesses as well. Originality/value - – Measuring SC is very complex since not all the highlighted determinants can be subject to empirical verification and given that they are intangible elements, residual and often incorporated into tacit knowledge and a literature that can help us in defining and measuring them accurately is not always available for all the indicators. In this research the author proposes a measure of SC using a composite indicator and investigates the effective role of these inputs in stimulating innovative activity in an industrial cluster performance.


Multiple antenna arrays are promising architectures for overcoming the effects of multipath interference and increasing the spectrum efficiency. In order to be able to investigate these systems, in this article, we derive generalized spatial correlation equations of a circular antenna array for two types of angular energy distributions: a Gaussian angle distribution, and uniform angular distribution. The generalized spatial correlation equations and bit error rate (BER) performance is investigated. It has been reported that spatial correlation and BER performance using linear array antenna, but very few attempts have been made at circular array antenna. It was found from the result that BER of receiving arrival wave with uniform distribution is better than that with Gaussian distribution


The vacuum system of the PF-AR was improved for the upgrading of the ring as a synchrotron light source. All of beam chamber, vacuum device and control system were almost renewed. An existing lattice and magnets themselves are not changed. The new vacuum system has been designed and constructed in order to achieve the vacuum condition necessary for required beam lifetime and to enable increase the storage current. Titanium sublimation pumps and ion pumps of the considerable amount are equipped as main pumps in order to reinforce the pumping speed, and the copper is adopted as a main material of the chamber in order to cope with the thermal load and the radiation leakage. The system satisfactory started, and designed performance is successfully being achieved.


Objectives Better understanding of the dynamics of the COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus disease) pandemic to curb its spread is now a global imperative. While travel restrictions and control measures have been shown to limit the spread of the disease, the effectiveness of the enforcement of those measures should depend on the strength of the government. Whether, and how, the government plays a role in fighting the disease, however, has not been investigated. Here, we show that government management capacities are critical to the containment of the disease. Setting We conducted a statistical analysis based on cross-city comparisons within China. China has undergone almost the entire cycle of the anticoronavirus campaign, which allows us to trace the full dynamics of the outbreak, with homogeneity in standards for statistics recording. Primary and secondary outcome measures Outcome measures include city-specific COVID-19 case incidence and recoveries in China. Results The containment of COVID-19 depends on the effectiveness of the enforcement of control measures, which in turn depends on the local government's management capacities. Specifically, government efficiency, capacity for law enforcement, and the transparency of laws and policies significantly reduce COVID-19 prevalence and increase the likelihood of recoveries. The organisation size of the government, which is not closely related to its capacity for management, has a limited role.


Background: In postthyroidectomy patients, hypocalcemia is the most common complication to prolong hospital stay and decrease patients' satisfaction. Based on current evidence, it is recommended to supply vitamin D to patients with high risk of developing hypocalcemia. However, how to stratify the risk of patients remains challenging. Aim: We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplement (calcitriol) on high-risk hypocalcemia patients based on relative decline of parathyroid hormone (RDP). Method: RDP was calculated by the difference between preoperative and postoperative first-day PTH divided by preoperative PTH and presented as percentage. Patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in addition to bilateral central compartment dissection were enrolled prospectively and were divided into two cohorts: Cohort I: patients with RDP ≤70% and Cohort II: patients with RDP >70%. Patients in Cohort I were then randomly assigned to Group A or B, and patients in Cohort II were randomly assigned to Group C or D. All groups received oral calcium, and patients in Groups B and D also received calcitriol. All patients were followed for one year. In the study, standard procedure dictates that only oral calcium is given to patients whose RDP ≤70% and that oral calcium and calcitriol are given to patients whose RDP >70%. Therefore, Cohort I Group A and Cohort II Group D are controls in this study. Results: The incidence of clinical hypocalcemia in Groups A and D (the controls) was 11.0% (10/91), and 17.6% (16/91) required additional intravenous calcium. Of note, no patients developed permanent hypocalcemia. Furthermore, calcitriol supplement did not have significant impact on clinical outcomes between Group A and B in Cohort I. By contrast, calcitriol supplement distinctly improved clinical outcome by comparing Groups C and D (Cohort II), as marked by clinical hypocalcemia, need of requiring intravenous calcium, and long-termed decreased levels of PTH. Conclusion: Supplying calcitriol based on RDP cutoff of 70% may be a wise practice in thyroidectomy patients, and RDP 70% may be a useful predictor to stratify high-risk patients.


Pseudomonas aeruginosa transitions between the free-swimming state and the sessile biofilm mode during its pathogenic lifestyle. We show that quorum sensing represses P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence by activating expression of genes encoding the KinB-AlgB two-component system. Phospho-AlgB represses biofilm and virulence genes, while KinB dephosphorylates, and thereby, inactivates AlgB. We discover that the photoreceptor BphP is the kinase that, in response to light, phosphorylates and activates AlgB. Indeed, exposing P. aeruginosa to light represses biofilm formation and virulence gene expression. To our knowledge, P. aeruginosa was not previously known to detect light. The KinB-AlgB-BphP module is present in all Pseudomonads, and we demonstrate that AlgB is the cognate response regulator for BphP in diverse bacterial phyla. We propose that KinB-AlgB-BphP constitutes a "three-component" system and AlgB is the node at which varied sensory information is integrated. This study sets the stage for light-mediated control of P. aeruginosa infectivity.


Healthcare disparities are fast encroaching upon equal access healthcare systems like the military. While this growth has been attributed to the same antecedents as those found in the general civilian population, four additional assumptions are posited as contributing factors to healthcare disparities that are peculiar to the military. Research on certain segments of the veteran population in the Veterans Administration (VA) is profiled as the most analogous healthcare system to that of the military's and a meta-analysis of studies on similar populations in the military are also examined. Like the general civilian population, cultural competence is viewed as an imperative component of healthcare delivery to help to narrow the healthcare disparities gap between majority (men and whites) and minority (women and nonwhites) populations in the military.


Fluctuations in hemodynamic load have been documented to modulate contractile protein turnover and myofibrillar structure in the heart; however, the relative importance of active and passive loading in regulating adult cardiocyte growth remains unresolved. To address this issue at the cellular level, adult feline cardiocytes were cultured either on Silastic membranes or plastic surfaces. Cardiocyte-laden membranes were stretched 10% of their rest length to enhance passive loading, whereas heart cells cultured on plastic or Silastic were field stimulated at 1 Hz to mimic active loading. Turnover of contractile proteins and structural integrity of the contractile-cytoskeletal apparatus were monitored for periods ranging from 4 to 72 h. Active and passive loading elevated contractile protein synthesis nearly equally (approximately 50%) and promoted the attachment of remodeled myofibrils to vinculin-positive focal contacts and/or costameres during the first 24 h of loading. Thereafter, rates of contractile protein synthesis returned to control values in passively stretched heart cells but remained elevated in field-stimulated cultures. The fractional rate of growth was increased significantly (approximately 8%/day) in electrically paced cells, whereas in passively stretched cardiocytes the growth rate rose only modestly (approximately 2%/day). Changes in the rate of myocyte growth appeared more closely correlated with the development of focal contacts and myofibril remodeling than with changes in myofibrillar protein turnover per se. 2,3-Butanedione monoxime, nifedipine, and, to a lesser extent, ryanodine blocked field-stimulated contractile protein synthesis and myofibrillar remodeling but had no impact on protein turnover or myofibril reassembly in passively loaded cardiocytes. The results of these experiments imply that both active and passive loading stimulate contractile protein turnover and myofibril remodeling, but the generation of active tension accelerates cardiocyte growth to a greater extent than passive loading. Furthermore, pharmacological interventions suggest that unique pathways may mediate these cellular events in actively and passively loaded adult cardiocytes.


The contribution of groundwater to streams is controlled by temporally and spatially variable groundwater flow paths with distinctive travel times. The aggregated average travel time distribution (TTD) of all these flow paths functions as a catchment characteristic. Currently, research on TTDs is expanding towards dynamic TTDs and building on this, we present dynamic backward TTDs and residence time distributions using forward particle tracking on a high‐resolution spatially distributed groundwater flow model (25*25 m). We show that the dynamic backward TTDs of three Dutch catchments are determined by the interplay between the activation of shallow short flow paths and the intensification of fluxes through all flow paths when groundwater levels rise. In addition, the preference for young water in our lowland catchments appears strongly controlled by drainage density. Variations in catchment mixing with time and between catchments were analyzed using dynamic StorAge Selection (SAS) functions. This showed the effect of differences in geology and topography on the shape of the SAS functions. Additionally, the variability of SAS functions in time was shown to depend on the extent to which new flow paths can be activated. Time‐varying SAS functions are required for computation of dynamic TTDs, and this research showed realistic values for the variability in the SAS functions of lowland catchments. The step towards dynamic TTDs is crucial for understanding the temporal and spatial behavior of streams, their chemical composition, and their ecological value.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the strong ion difference (SIDa ) and total nonvolatile weak buffers (ATOT ) in healthy foals during the first year of life and to compare reference biochemistry laboratory with analyzers available during emergency hours.

DESIGN
Prospective study performed over 2 years.

SETTING
University teaching hospital.

ANIMALS
Two hundred thirty-six healthy foals distributed in 6 groups: A (21 days-2 months), B (2-3 months), C (3-6 months), D (6-9 months), E (9-12 months), and 33 neonatal foals (< 21 days old).

INTERVENTIONS
Blood samples were obtained to determine L-lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, and total plasma protein concentrations. In neonatal foals, samples were analyzed using 4 different devices. Reference intervals of SIDa and ATOT for each of the analyzers under comparison were established using mean ± 2 standard deviations. Age effect was evaluated using one-way ANOVA analysis. Linear regression in neonatal foals was employed to obtain a new equation to estimate ATOT from total plasma protein concentration.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
A significant age effect was observed for ATOT and SIDa . In all foals younger than 6 months, ATOT values were lower than in older foals (P < 0.003). A clinically and statistically significant difference in SIDa was detected only in the neonatal period (P < 0.001). The equation to estimate ATOT from total plasma protein adjusted for neonatal foals is ATOT = 2.5 × total plasma protein concentration.

CONCLUSIONS
Reference intervals of ATOT should be considered different from adults during the first 6 months of life in horses. Regarding SIDa , values should be considered different only during first 21 days of life.


To avoid being captured, prey animals need to be able to distinguish predators from non-predators. Recent studies have shown that amphibians can learn to recognize their future predators while in the egg. Here, we investigated whether amphibians would similarly be able to learn to recognize non-predators while in the egg. We exposed newly laid wood frog eggs to the odour of tiger salamander or a water control daily for 5 days. After hatching, the wood frog larvae were raised for two weeks at which time we tried to condition them to recognize the salamander as a predator. Larvae were exposed to injured conspecific cues paired with salamander odour, a well-established mode of learning for aquatic prey. When subsequently tested for their response to salamander odour, the larvae pre-exposed to water as embryos showed significant anti-predator responses. However, larvae pre-exposed to the salamander odour as embryos showed no learning of the predator, indicating that they had already learned to recognize the salamander as a non-predator. These results indicate that amphibian embryos can (i) learn to recognize stimuli as non-threatening and (ii) remember it for at least two weeks. The widespread ability of prey to learn to recognize non-predators might explain the persistence of injured conspecific cues as a reliable mechanism for learned predator recognition.


We studied the diversity and regularity of FCV variations in two new feline calicivirus (FCV) isolates QD-7 and QD-164. We compared the genomes of these new strains with 39 from the NCBI database including isolates from China, United States, Germany, South Korea, the United Kingdom and Japan. The nucleotide sequence identities ranged from 75-88 % indicating a high degree of variability. These variations were not related to distributions of the virus by time of isolation and geographical location. Cats that were experimentally infected with the new isolate QD-164 showed typical clinical symptoms of sneezing, fever and conjunctivitis and all recovered within 30 days. In contrast, QD-7 infections were asymptomatic and the virus was cleared within 16 days. These results indicate that QD-7 and QD-164 were naturally attenuated strains. NNS mutations that are characteristic of highly virulent strains at positions 441-443 were absent from QD-7 while QD-164 possessed an N at position 442. This indicated that mutations in regions 441-443 may be linked to disease severity.


Malnutrition and obesity keeps increasing in the developing countries alongside, the burden of diet-related diseases, therefore, regular food is expected to be functional by providing additional health benefits; other than basic nutritional needs. In this study, 10, 25 and 50 % of two edible mushrooms namely; Termitomyces robustus and Lentinus squarrosulus and four vegetables; Basella alba, Launea taraxacifolia, Senecio biafrae, and Crassocephalum ruben were used to substitute whole grain flours of wheat, millet, guinea corn and yellow corn, separately, in formulation of cookies, with the aim of improving the nutritional properties and health benefit potential of the cookies. Proximate composition of the cereal flours were in the range of 7.27±0.06 -11.56 ±0.20% (moisture), 0.52±0.05 - 2.51±0.26 % (Ash), 8.48a±0.44- 14.97d±0.10% (protein), 8.72a±0.86- 12.35e±0.13 (fat), 0.19a±0.05 - 1.91e±0.03 % (fibre) and 63.78±0.43- 68.84b±0.56 % (carbohydrate). The nutritional and sensory qualities of representative cookies from each formulation were determined. Generally, supplementation with the vegetables and mushrooms had positive effect on the mineral, vitamins and proximate compositions, which is an indication of good nutritional quality; also the non-wheat flours compared favourably with the wheat flour nutritional-wise. Although, there was significant difference in sensory quality and acceptability of the non-wheat and wheat cookies, the results show that it is possible to use the named mushrooms, vegetables and grains to partially (≤ 10 %) substitute for wheat flour in the production of flour -based food systems with acceptable physical characteristics.


Building rights on land can have efect on state land, right-of-management land, and property-right land. Building rights on land over right-of-management land can be attained through land-use agreement, whose issuance should he under approval of district land ofjice. Its extension period should be under written approval of the owner of management right. This research applies legal-research method, particularly normativelaw research. This means that it examines an issue based on the existing laws, especially the ones related to land issues. And this research embraces both statute and conceptual approaches. The right to build on a pot of right-of-management land is proceeded by mutual land-use agreement between the owner of management rights and the prospective owner of building rights. The former has the full authority whether or not to approve the extension period for the latter. Also, the former has the capacity to decide the conlpensation rate, the terms and conditions which the prospective owner of building rights must abide by. The detailed articles on the above aspects should be put in written on a notarized deed or on a sub-rosa deed by the two parties. Keywords : Right to build on land, management right, land-use agreement, approval


Thanks to improved recognition, management, and overall societal acceptance of atypical gender identity presentations, number of transgender patients is increasing. Written by a transgender female, this paper draws from both personal experience and academic literature and discusses what it means to be transgender and the latest biomedical research into the aetiology of transsexualism. Clarification of common terminology is addressed to ensure an appropriate rapport to be built by the prehospital clinician without alienating the patient during the clinical examination and assessment. Specific considerations that may present to a clinician outside of hospital, with information about history taking, drug therapy and mental health challenges surrounding the condition are then discussed. The paper concludes by stating that paramedics and ambulance clinicians must recognise the health care needs of transgender patients and advocate for them to help eliminate discrimination.


INTRODUCTION
The individual patient prognosis after radical surgery for Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of left upper lobe remains still unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of elevated white blood cell count in peripheral blood as early indicator of postoperative NSCLC prognosis.

METHODS
A retrospective statistical analysis was performed studying patients subject to radical treatment of left upper lobe NSCLC in period of five years with subsequent one to three-year monitoring of morbidity and mortality of the patient population. The statistical ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis of the WBC count in peripheral blood third day after the operation was used to evaluate the relationship with overall survival, with respect to patients surviving for at least 24 months.

RESULTS
Based on the results of the ROC analysis with a total area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67, it is possible to confirm that the WBC count established third day after the operation allows us to classify patients into groups according to the 24-month overall survival.

CONCLUSION
Our findings confirm the potential of using WBC count to improve current protocols to establish postoperative prognosis for NSCLC of the upper left lobe (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 11).


We present a new suite of hydrodynamical simulations and use it to study, in detail, black hole and galaxy properties. The high time, spatial and mass resolution, and realistic orbits and mass ratios, down to 1:6 and 1:10, enable us to meaningfully compare star formation rate (SFR) and BH accretion rate (BHAR) timescales, temporal behaviour and relative magnitude. We find that (i) BHAR and galaxy-wide SFR are typically temporally uncorrelated, and have different variability timescales, except during the merger proper, lasting ~0.2-0.3 Gyr. BHAR and nuclear (<100 pc) SFR are better correlated, and their variability are similar. Averaging over time, the merger phase leads typically to an increase by a factor of a few in the BHAR/SFR ratio. (ii) BHAR and nuclear SFR are intrinsically proportional, but the correlation lessens if the long-term SFR is measured. (iii) Galaxies in the remnant phase are the ones most likely to be selected as systems dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), because of the long time spent in this phase. (iv) The timescale over which a given diagnostic probes the SFR has a profound impact on the recovered correlations with BHAR, and on the interpretation of observational data.


Most New Zealanders are unaware, ignorant, or dismissive of why and how colonisation continues to happen today, and what the effects on society are (Kiddle, 2020). Decolonising design means recovering Indigenous wisdom from the onslaught of imperialism and outmoded colonial beliefs. Whilst there has been an influx in decolonisation material within the past five years as Aotearoa begins to face it's colonial past, and the negative impacts of colonialism, it can be hard to actualise this information. This research recognises the similarities within design colonisation and contemporary branding through the experiences of designers from different experience levels within the design industry, from recent graduates to multinational designers. These experiences of design practitioners produce a framework that acts as a foundation to decolonise brand design in the future. This research speaks to cultural appropriation and calls for ways indigenise branding within Aotearoa. Through kaupapa Māori, this research challenges mainstream ways of knowing and being and centralises the needs and interests of Māori for every decision. The findings of this research will help new designers understand the implications of the colonised state of branding and, as a result, will influence how they work for a more inclusive, fair and restorative future.


To treat obesity effectively, a multifaceted approach is needed. This article describes a program for women involving exercise, diet counselling and group interaction.


In this work we establish a Burgess bound for short multiplicative character sums in arbitrary dimensions, in which the character is evaluated at a homogeneous form that belongs to a very general class of "admissible" forms. This $n$-dimensional Burgess bound is nontrivial for sums over boxes of sidelength at least $q^{\beta}$, with $\beta > 1/2 - 1/(2(n+1))$. This is the first Burgess bound that applies in all dimensions to generic forms of arbitrary degree. Our approach capitalizes on a recent stratification result for complete multiplicative character sums evaluated at rational functions, due to the second author.


The increasing volume of data in the area of environmental sciences needs analysis and interpretation. Among the challenges generated by this "data deluge", the development of efficient strategies for the knowledge discovery is an important issue. Here, statistical and tools from computational intelligence are applied to analyze large data sets from meteorology and climate sciences. Our approach allows a geographical mapping of the statistical property to be easily interpreted by meteorologists. Our data analysis comprises two main steps of knowledge extraction, applied successively in order to reduce the complexity from the original data set. The goal is to identify a much smaller subset of climatic variables that might still be able to describe or even predict the probability of occurrence of an extreme event. The first step applies a class comparison technique: p-value estimation. The second step consists of a decision tree (DT) configured from the data available and the p-value analysis. The DT is used as a predictive model, identifying the most statistically significant climate variables of the precipitation intensity. The methodology is employed to the study the climatic causes of an extreme precipitation events occurred in Alagoas and Pernambuco States (Brazil) at June/2010.


The amplitude of the evoked potential (EP) generated by an oscillating checkerboard pattern remains constant, even though the brightness contrast of the checks may be significantly altered by changing fixation distance without altering retinal subtense. On the other hand, when the pattern is slightly blurred, the brightness contrast of small checks is changed only slightly, whereas the EP undergoes marked attenuation. Such a double dissociation between brightness effects and the EP shows that steady-state EP amplitude may be a very poor measure of brightness contrast, at least when the sensations are considerably above threshold. For suprathreshold stimuli, check size may also affect brightness contrast and the steady-state EP amplitude in different ways. Moderate blurring may increase the amplitudes of large-check EP's, while attenuating small-check EP's. Interactions between blurring and pattern size could thus lead to large systematic errors in EP refraction procedures.


This paper presents MoonWalker, a lower limb exoskeleton able to sustain part of a user's bodyweight. This orthosis can be used for rehabilitation, to help people having weak legs, or to help those suffering from a broken leg, to walk. It can also be used as an assistive device helping people carrying heavy loads. Its main characteristic is that a passive force balancer provides the force to sustain bodyweight. An actuator is also required, but is used only to shift that force the same side as the leg in stance. Consequently, MoonWalker requires very low energy to work on flat terrains. That motor can provide also a part of the energy to climb stairs or slopes. We believe that this approach can help improving energetic autonomy of lower limb exoskeletons.


A novel surface enzymatic amplification method that utilizes RNA microarrays in conjunction with the enzyme RNase H is developed for the ultrasensitve detection and analysis of target DNA molecules. The enzyme RNase H is shown to selectively and repeatedly destroy RNA from RNA-DNA heteroduplexes on gold surfaces; when used in conjunction with the label-free technique of surface plasmon resonance imaging, multiple DNA targets can be detected at a concentration of 10 fM on a single chip. In addition, this method is utilized for the sequence-specific detection of the TSPY gene in both purified and unpurified PCR products. Finally, in a series of kinetics measurements, the initial rate of hydrolysis is shown to depend directly on the surface concentration of DNA-RNA heteroduplexes.


Tesseras are highly deformed terrains characterized by two or more sets of tectonic structures crosscutting each other, which is indicative of a complex tectonic history [1]. Because these terrains mainly appear inside crustal plateaus, interpreting Tessera tectonic history can be related to their origin and evolution [2]. Detailed observations of radar images of Tessera terrains on Venus can be used to define a new tectonic structure characterized by a circular through that left inside a circular area with the average elevation of the surrounding tessera terrains.Concentric and radial tectonic lineaments appear associated to these structures. Often the circular troughs appear flooded by intra-tessera lavas, becoming more visible in radar images.These features are especially abundant in the internal areas of crustal plateaus characterized by basin and dome tectonic interference patterns,but also can be found at tessera inliers surrounded by volcanic plains. Since they can be found around Venus, these estructures are probably related to a geological process of planetary importance that needs to be studied. According to their main feature we propose to call them Circular Troughs (CT).


Background: To find out whether surgical margins and nodal metastasis are prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: PubMed search was done to look for studies done on surgical margins and nodal metastasis of OSCC from 2008 to 2018. Results: Fixed effects meta-analysis showed a pooled estimate absolute risk reduction of −3% (95% confidence interval [CI] [−8, 2.5%]). P =0.2819 from the fixed margin model shows no statistically significant difference between close margins with cases of deaths due to recurrence or metastasis. The pooled odds ratio was 0.87 (95% CI 0.63–1.99, P = 0.3928) for the comparison between clear and closed margins for estimating the odds. It should be noted that the mean unweighted local recurrence rate for margins 5 mm or greater was 4.9% with 95% CI as −10.7%, 0.8%. Conclusion: The study shows that close surgical margins with nodal metastasis have a poor prognosis in OSCC; however, no statistical significance was seen in this meta-analysis.


This study examined relationship aggression reporting concordance among 303 men with alcohol use disorders and their female partners enrolled in couples-based alcohol abuse treatment. Agreement for physical and psychological aggression was generally consistent with, or higher than, concordance rates reported among other populations. Men's antisocial personality disorder characteristics were the strongest predictor of higher concordance for male- and female-perpetrated aggression. Higher alcohol problem severity, poorer relationship adjustment, and higher psychopathic personality features were associated with better concordance in some analyses. Women reported experiencing more physical aggression than men reported perpetrating, and women reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than men reported experiencing. Findings highlight the importance of obtaining aggression reports from both partners and the need for research investigating methods for improving concordance.


Cytochemical differentiation between blood and lymphatic endothelium has been studied only in microvessels; 5'-nucleotidase (5'Nase) has been reported to be specific for lymphatic and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) for blood endothelium. Adenylate and guanylate cyclase (AC and GC) have recently been proposed as lymphatic endothelial markers, but conflicting data exist. This study was designed to verify the presence of these enzymes in the endothelium of large vessels and to determine whether they are retained in endothelial cells (ECs) in culture. Segments of bovine mesenteric arteries, veins, and lymphatic collectors, and EC cultures obtained by collagenase treatment of the same vessels, were assayed for 5'Nase, ALPase, AC, and GC, and were observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found ALPase activity in blood and lymphatic vessels, and this was the only enzyme activity consistently retained under culture conditions. 5'Nase was found in lymphatic but not in blood endothelium, as previously reported for microvessels. AC and GC activity was found in blood but not in lymphatic endothelium. Hence, ALPase is not a useful marker to differentiate blood from lymphatic endothelium in large vessels, whereas 5'Nase is specific for lymphatic and AC and GC for blood endothelium. It is not clear why these enzyme activities are not expressed in culture.


Generation of construction wastes constitutes the major impact to the environment. Studies have been directed towards reducing wastes at the various construction processes. However, contractors in Hong Kong are rather conservative and lack motivation in developing new technology for waste minimization. This paper examines the benefits of using prefabrication in reducing material wastage levels for some traditional in-situ trades such as concreting, rebar fixing, bricklaying, drywall, plastering, screeding and tiling in Hong Kong. From the measurement of the thirty construction projects, it is found that waste levels of all major construction trades can be effectively reduced, which is particularly significant in the trade of plastering where 100% saving is achieved after adopting prefabrication. The standardized design of the building can also be useful in the adoption of prefabrication for the private housing projects.


As an important biological signal, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals provide a valuable basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. However, its reference significance is based on the effective acquisition and correct recognition of ECG signals. In fact, this mV-level weak signal can be easily affected by various interferences caused by the power of magnetic field, patient respiratory motion or contraction, and so on from the sampling terminal to the receiving and display end. The overlapping interference affects the quality of ECG waveform, leading to the false detection and recognition of wave groups, and thus causing misdiagnosis or faulty treatment. Therefore, the elimination of the interference of the ECG signal and the subsequent wave group identification technology has been a hot research topic, and their study has important significance. Based on the above, this paper introduces two improved adaptive algorithms based on the classical least mean square (LMS) algorithm by introducing symbolic functions and block-processing concepts.


There is a growing need for social interaction in Virtual Reality (VR). Current social VR applications enable human-agent or interpersonal communication, usually by means of visual and audio cues. Touch, which is also an essential method for affective communication, has not received as much attention. To address this, we introduce HexTouch, a forearm-mounted robot that performs touch behaviors in sync with the behaviors of a companion agent, to complement visual and auditory feedback in virtual reality. The robot consists of four robotic tactors driven by servo motors, which render specific tactile patterns to communicate primary emotions (fear, happiness, disgust, anger, and sympathy). We demonstrate HexTouch through a VR game with physical-virtual agent interactions that facilitate the player-companion relationship and increase the immersion of the VR experience. The player will receive affective haptic cues while collaborating with the agent to complete the mission in the game. The multisensory system for affective communication also has the potential to enhance sociality in the virtual world.


Succinylcholine, a depolarizing muscle relaxant possesses a unique property of rapid onset and short duration of action, but is accompanied by side effects such as fasciculation and myalgia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic effect of intravenous lignocaine on the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia. This was a randomized controlled double blind study conducted at National Institute of ENT Dhaka, during September to December 2017. Eighty adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists status I and II of both sexes for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two equal groups, lignocaine group and normal saline group. The patients of lignocaine group were pretreated with lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg body weight in 5 ml volume, while patients of normal saline group were given isotonic saline 0.9% in the same volume (5 ml) intravenously. Thereafter, anesthesia was induced in all patients, by injecting 1.5 mg/kg of fentanyl and 2 mg/kg of propofol intravenously. Following the loss of eyelid reflex, 1.5 mg/kg of succinylcholine was injected intravenously as a muscle relaxant and then the patients were intubated. The incidence and severity of myalgia were assessed by a blinded observer 24 hours after surgery. In terms of demographic data, the results of this study showed that there is no significant difference between patients in both groups (P>0.05). Overall, the incidence and severity of succinylcholine-induced myalgia in lignocaine group was significantly less, when compared with normal saline group (P<0.05). Pretreatment with intravenous lignocaine is effective in prevention of postoperative succinylcholine induced myalgia.
Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2019;14(1): 13-15


Background Patients showing high tacrolimus clearance eliminate the drug more rapidly, and in order to reach the same trough concentration they need higher daily doses compared to those with low clearance. The high clearance makes them more exposed to transient under-immunosuppression in case of a missed/delayed dose but the higher daily tacrolimus doses cause higher maximum concentrations (Cmax). Both are hypothesized to induce development of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) in the transplanted graft. We wanted to investigate the association between estimated tacrolimus clearance and development of IFTA in the renal transplant during the first year post-engraftment. Methods Data from all patients transplanted between 2009 and 2013 at Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet were included in the analysis. Association between estimated tacrolimus clearance (daily tacrolimus dose [mg]/trough concentration [&mgr;g/L]) and development of IFTA, (defined as i+t ⩽ 1 and ci+ct ≥ 2) in renal protocol biopsies from 6 weeks to 12 months post-transplantation was investigated. Results In total, 510 patients were treated with tacrolimus and had paired protocol biopsies (6 weeks + 12 months) after transplantation, were included in the analysis. Patients were divided in four groups according to their estimated tacrolimus clearance. There were no differences in biopsy scores between the groups at 6 weeks. The high clearance group developed significantly more IFTA from 6 weeks to 12 months compared to the low clearance group (50% vs 22%, P<0.007). Of the 233 patients without IFTA in the 6-week biopsies a 1-unit increase in tacrolimus clearance was associated with an odds ratio of 1.88 (95% CI; 1.12-3.27) for development of IFTA after adjusting for donor age and deceased donor. Conclusion High tacrolimus clearance was significantly associated with development of IFTA within the first year following renal transplantation. The effect may be explained by higher peak concentrations and/or more severe transient under-immunosuppressive episodes in these patients.


Surgery is the only therapy that offers the possibility of cure for patients with hepatic metastatic diseases from colorectal or neuroendocrine carcinoma. Five-year survival rates after resection of all detectable liver metastases can reach 50%. In contrast, the role of hepatectomy in patients with liver metastases from noncolorectal and nonneuroendocrine carcinoma is not well defined. Scientific literature showed that in highly selected patients, resection of noncolorectal and nonneuroendocrine liver metastases can be done safely with survival similar to colorectal metastases. Therefore, preoperative and intraoperative staging are critical parameters in order to anticipate an optimized resectability and a favorable outcome.
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescent agent approved in the clinic for liver function testing, as well as measurement of cardiac output and retinal angiography. It is a water-soluble, anionic, amphilic tricarbocyanine probe with a hydrodynamic diameter of 1.2 nm; the excitation and emission wavelengths in the presence of serum are 778 and 830 nm, respectively. Fluorescent navigation systems with ICG injection are used to detect sentinel lymph nodes. It has only recently shown real interest for optical-guided surgical oncology. Several studies report now that this technique can be useful for assisted intraoperative resection of otherwise undetectable liver cancers (such as hepatocellular and metastatic carcinomas) in patients who received and intravenous injection of ICG 4 to 7 days before surgery for a routine preoperative liver function test.
We developed a new, miniaturized version of the Fluobeam (see www.fluoptics.com), which can be used for intra-operative surgery of cancer. We used this system and ICG in a clinical trial on 2 patients with liver metastasis, in order to demonstrate that ICG can efficiently label the rim of these tumors, when it is injected intravenously or infused ex-vivo on the surgical liver specimen. Furthermore, we discuss the quality of the ICG labeling, and the possibility to anticipate it by performing conventional diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray imaging and 18-FDG metabolic imaging of these patients before optical guided surgery.


The effects of systemic heparin on the survival of island skin flaps have been evaluated. Island flaps measuring 3x6 cm were created in the abdomen/groin of rats based on an inferior epigastric neurovascular pedicle. The venous drainage from the flap was occluded for various lengths of time ranging from 5 to 10 hours in the control rats and from 8 to 15 hours in the hours aria-treated group of rats. The rats in the treated group received 1 ml of heparin solution (300–400 U/ kg) through the contralateral saphenous vein immediately prior to the onset venous occlusion and an equivalent dose every 4 hours during venous occlusion. The group of control rats received 1 ml of saline solution. Flap survival was evaluated daily for 7 days. The flaps of control rats demonstrated a gradual decline of the survival rate after 6 hours of venous occlusion and no survival after 10 hours of venous occlusion. The flaps of heparin-treated rats exhibited complete survival until 12 hours of venous occlusion and no survival after 13 hours of venous occlusion. Thus, systemic heparin prolonged tissue tolerance to venous occlusion from 10 to 13 hours. The flaps of control rats demonstrated a significant accumulation of inosine plus hypoxanthine to 260% of normal after 8 hours of venous occlusion. The flaps of heparin-treated rats exhibited little alteration of inosine plus hypoxanthine, and contained a greater concentration of glucose and lactate than the flaps of control rats after 8 hours of venous occlusion. The results demonstrate that systemic heparin can increase tissue tolerance to venous occlusion and improve significantly the flap survival following subsequent reperfusion.


- Several schemes to establish secret key between sensor nodes in wireless sensor network for secure communication has been proposed. But due to lack of priori deployment knowledge and limited resources of sensor nodes and security threats, it is always challenging to propose a better scheme apart from existing. In this paper I have suggested a novel idea for secure communication in wireless sensor network ( WSN ) using BCH code. Here communication key and connectivity key are used separately for more secure communication. I have created connectivity key using BCH code. In this scheme a new approach has been proposed to establish a secure communication between sensor nodes with desired scalability and resiliency. This scheme also support the mobility of sensor nodes.


Health injury, properties compensation and ecological and environmental destruction caused by environmental pollutions have become the focuses of the government, the public and the society at present in China. The experiences of developed countries have revealed that the environmental damage assessment system must be established through development of environmental damage assessment legislations, technologies and funding guarantee system suitable for the nation's conditions based on the specific environmental situation and main issues. China has some experience in marine ecological environment, fishery resources damage assessment, forest resources damage assessment and remediation management of contaminated sites; however, the managing function of environmental damage assessment is assigned to different governmental departments. There are also shortcomings such as few cases of environmental public compensation, insufficient environmental privacy determination and compensation, etc. Based on the methods of materials and information collections, questionnaires, visiting environmental court and government sectors, interviews to assessment organizations and professionals, launching practical assessments to related cases and participating in environmental public lawsuits, the situation of environmental pollution damages in China was analyzed, the related legislation and management mechanism were reviewed, the corresponding assessment organizations regarding environmental damages were sort out, and the funding sources of environmental damage assessment were explored. Aiming at the main issues in Chinese environmental damage management, a standard and unified system for environmental damage assessment based on current managing and technological systems is important to improve the practical work in determination, assessment and compensation of environmental pollution damage in China, and to further explore the feasible environmental damage quantitative management.


As is well-known, underwater ridges and submerged horizontal cylinders can serve as waveguides for surface water waves. For large values of the wavenumber in the direction of the ridge, there is only one trapped wave (this was proved in Bonnet & Joly (1993, SIAM J. Appl. Math.,53, pp. 1507–1550)). We construct the asymptotics of these trapped waves and their frequencies at high frequency by means of reducing the initial problem to a pair of boundary integral equations and then by applying the method of Zhevandrov & Merzon (2003, AMS Transl. (2),208, pp. 235–284), in order to solve them.


Phosphate is an essential biologic element; phosphate is required by all cells for normal function and is a critical component of all living organisms. In patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 2 and 3, the ability to excrete phosphate load is diminished.this work was aiming to detect the early changes occurring in CKD-MBD regarding the urinary phosphorous excretion This is a case-control study applied on 100 subjects admitted to Benha university hospital and Kafr shokr hospital during the period from October 2017 to December 2018.The one hundred subjects were classified into four groups:Those to start with aggregation incorporated twenty five patients with phase 1 CKD. Those second assembly included twenty five patients with phase 2 CKD. The third bunch included twenty five patients with stage 3a CKD. The fourth bunch incorporated twenty five Obviously solid subjects serving Likewise control. Serum phosphorous might have been 3. 39+. 52 On stage1CKD, 3. 45+. 50 On stage2CKD, Furthermore 3. 845 +. 51 On stage3CKD and 24h urinary phosphorous discharge might have been 714. 415+ 171. 49 Previously, stage1CKD, 587. 035+126. 23 to stage2CKD Also 429. 435 +141. 53 done stage3CKD. 24h urinary phosphorous discharge could make used to recognizing which tolerant for punctual phase for CKD with ordinary serum phosphorous level could profit from oral phosphate folio Also cardiovascular intercession done tolerant for CKD.


Providing an internal combustion engine intake control device. To the intake control device is configured to control the operation of a valve mechanism and a variable throttle opening degree. The variable valve operating mechanism to change lift characteristics of the intake valve to control the amount of intake air into the engine cylinders. The throttle valve generates a negative pressure in the manifold, but the control valve comprises a medium load region of the pressure inside the pipe Baji fixed to the weak negative pressure, and by changing the lift characteristics of the intake valve to control an intake air amount . In a low load region of the internal EGR priority, the more negative the negative pressure is slightly increased and the lift of each intake / duration. When the engine is cold, to adjust the negative pressure is reduced to near atmospheric pressure and the lift of each intake / duration.


There is provided a system and method for providing a simple yet flexible overlay network on top of any IP networks to enable diverse network applications whereby much of the rigidities of IP protocol suite are eliminated without any modifications to the applications. In particular, the system includes: a plurality of c-nodes; one or more source terminal nodes connected to an IP network; and one or more destination terminal nodes connected to the IP network. Here, the source terminal nodes send IP packets over the plurality of c-nodes to the destination terminal nodes to accomplish arbitrary communications between arbitrary groups of the source terminal nodes to arbitrary groups of the destination terminal nodes. More specifically, a method employing the system utilizes the concept of connection ID and headers that can be inserted anywhere in the IP packet.


The accuracy of deformable image registration (DIR) has a significant dosimetric impact in radiationtreatment planning. Many groups have studied the accuracy of DIR. In this study, we evaluatedthe accuracy of various DIR algorithms by using variations of the deformation point and volume.The reference image (Iref) and volume (Vref) were first generated by using virtual deformation QAsoftware (ImSimQA, Oncology System Limited, UK). We deformed Iref with axial movement of thedeformation point and Vref, depending on the type of deformation (relaxation and contraction) inImSimQA software. The deformed image (Idef) and volume (Vdef) acquired by using the ImSimQAsoftware were inversely deformed relative to Iref and Vref by using DIR algorithms. As a result,we acquired a deformed image (Iid) from Idef and volume (Vid) from Vref. Four intensity-basedalgorithms were tested by following the horn-schunk optical flow (HS), iterative optical flow (IOF),modified demons (MD) and fast demons (FD) with the Deformable Image Registration and AdaptiveRadiotherapy Toolkit (DIRART) of MATLAB. The image similarity between Iref and Iid wascalculated to evaluate the accuracy of DIR algorithms using by Normalized Mutual Information(NMI) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) metrics, when the distance of point deformationwas moved 4 mm, the value of NMI was above 1.81 and that of NCC was above 0.99 in all DIRalgorithms. As the degree of deformation was increased, the degree of image similarity decreased.When the Vref was increased or decreased by about 12%, the difference between Vref and Vid waswithin ±5% regardless of the type of deformation, the deformation was classified into two types:deformation 1 increased the Vref (relaxation) and deformation 2 decreased the Vref (contraction).The value of the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) was above 0.95 in deformation 1 except for theMD algorithm. In the case of deformation 2, the value of the DSC was above 0.95 in all DIR algorithms.The Idef and the Vdef were not completely restored to Iref and Vref, and the accuracy ofthe DIR algorithms were different, depending on the degree of deformation. Hence, the performanceof DIR algorithms should be verified for the desired applications


Heme is a pleiotropic molecule that is important for oxygen and oxidative metabolism, most notably as the prosthetic group of hemoglobin and cytochromes. Because excess free intracellular heme is toxic, organisms have developed mechanisms to tightly regulate its concentration. One mechanism is through active heme export by the group C feline leukemia virus receptor (FLVCR). Previously, we have shown that FLVCR is necessary for embryonic and postnatal erythropoiesis. However, FLVCR is also expressed in numerous other tissues, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To explore a possible role for FLVCR in HSC function, we performed serial, competitive repopulation transplant experiments using FLVCR-deleted and control bone marrow cells, along with wild-type competitor cells. Loss of FLVCR did not impact HSC function under steady-state or myelotoxic stress conditions (such as arsenic or radiation exposure), nor did FLVCR deletion result in alterations in the various progenitor compartments. However, even when 95% of the donor bone marrow cells lacked FLVCR, all red cells in recipient mice were wild type. This is due to the increased apoptosis of FLVCR-deleted proerythroblasts. Also, remarkably, loss of FLVCR increased megakaryocyte ploidy. Together, these findings show FLVCR is redundant in stem cells but has critical and contrasting stage-specific roles in discrete hematopoietic lineages.


We have studied from first principles the quasiparticle properties of the 2 {times} 1 reconstructed (111) surface of Ge. Quasiparticle energies are calculated using the GW expansion of the electron self energy operator. The calculations explain a spectrum of experimental results obtained from photoemission, inverse photoemission, optical absorption, scanning tunneling microscopy, etc., for this surface. We also present a quasiparticle theory for the photoelectric threshold and examine the effects of many body corrections for this quantity.


The influence of various factors on the electron-transfer activity of ferredoxin I from Azotobacter vinelandii was studied. The method of cyclic voltammetry was used to obtain the data.


We consider the problem of unveiling the implicit network structure of node interactions (such as user interactions in a social network), based only on high-frequency timestamps. Our inference is based on the minimization of the least-squares loss associated with a multivariate Hawkes model, penalized by $\ell_1$ and trace norm of the interaction tensor. We provide a first theoretical analysis for this problem, that includes sparsity and low-rank inducing penalizations. This result involves a new data-driven concentration inequality for matrix martingales in continuous time with observable variance, which is a result of independent interest. A consequence of our analysis is the construction of sharply tuned $\ell_1$ and trace-norm penalizations, that leads to a data-driven scaling of the variability of information available for each users. Numerical experiments illustrate the significant improvements achieved by the use of such data-driven penalizations.


Among the vast number of reports on the photochrometry of spirooxazine derivatives in the literature, researchers are mainly interested in two aspects: one designs different spirooxazines, and looks into the influence of the structure on the photochromic behaviour; the other inquires into the (influence) of the medium on photochromic behaviour. In this work, 1,4-diiodobutane was used as the medium to synthesize bis-spirnaphthoxazine. The product was identified by elemental analysis, IR and ~1H NMR, and the resultant structure was confirmed.


Tapasin organizes the peptide-loading complex (PLC) by recruiting peptide-receptive MHC class I (MHC-I) and accessory chaperones to the N-terminal regions of the TAP subunits TAP1 and TAP2. Despite numerous studies have shown that the formation of the PLC is essential to facilitate proper MHC-I loading, the molecular architecture of this complex is still highly controversial. We studied the stoichiometry of the PLC by blue native-PAGE in combination with Ab-shift assays and found that TAP/tapasin complexes exist at steady state as a mixture of two distinct oligomers of 350 and 450 kDa. Only the higher m.w. complex contains MHC-I and disulfide-linked tapasin/ER60 conjugates. Moreover, we show for the first time to our knowledge that the fully assembled PLC comprises two tapasin, two ER60, but only one complex of MHC-I and calreticulin. Based hereon we postulate that the TAP subunits alternate in the recruitment and loading of a single MHC-I.


The newly discovered topological Dirac semimetals host the possibilities of various topological phase transitions through the control of spin-orbit coupling as well as symmetries and dimensionalities. Here, we report a magnetotransport study of high-mobility (Cd1-xZnx)3As2 films, where the topological Dirac semimetal phase can be turned into a trivial insulator via chemical substitution. By high-field measurements with a Hall-bar geometry, magnetoresistance components ascribed to the chiral charge pumping have been distinguished from other extrinsic effects. The negative magnetoresistance exhibits a clear suppression upon Zn doping, reflecting decreasing Berry curvature of the band structure as the topological phase transition is induced by reducing the spin-orbit coupling.


Objective: The objective is to provide a review of ecological interface design (EID), to illustrate its value to human factors/ergonomics, and to identify areas for future research and development. Background: EID uses mature interface technologies to provide decision making and problem solving support. A variety of theoretical concepts and analytical tools have been developed to meet the associated challenges. EID provides support that is simultaneously grounded in the practical realities of a work domain and tailored to human capabilities and limitations. Method: EID's theoretical foundation is discussed briefly. Concrete examples of ecological and traditional interfaces are provided. Different categories of work domains are described, as well as the associated implications for interface design. A targeted literature review is conducted and the experimental outcomes are summarized. A representative evaluation is discussed, and interpretations of performance are provided. Results: The evidence reveals that EID has been remarkably successful in significantly improving performance for work domains with constraints that are law driven (e.g., process control). In contrast, work domains that are intent-driven (e.g., information retrieval) have, by and large, been ignored. Also, few studies have addressed nonvisual displays. Conclusion: EID has not yet realized its potential to improve safety and efficiency across the entire continuum of work domains. Application: EID provides a single integrated framework that is (a) sufficiently comprehensive to deal with complicated work domains and (b) capable of producing innovative support that will generalize to actual work settings.


The regenerative process after acute inflammation of the pancreas is characterized by cell proliferation as well as synthesis and transient deposition of extracellular matrix. Although the regulation of these processes is still unknown, there is growing evidence that the coordinated activity of various growth factors plays an important role in regeneration. Cerulein-induced pancreatitis in the rat was used to analyze whether growth factors and their receptor concentrations are changed in the acute pancreatitis. Messenger RNA hybridization revealed an individual expression pattern for each analyzed growth factor. The mRNA levels of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF B), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) were not altered, whereas fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and 2, IGF-1, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) showed markedly increased concentrations with different expression maxima and duration compared with mRNA levels in healthy pancreata. The FGF-2 and IGF-1 expressions were increased between 1 and 3 days after induction of pancreatitis with maxima at day 2. HGF and FGF-1 mRNAs were upregulated between days 3 and 5. In contrast, TGFalpha exhibited the most prolonged overexpression. In the corresponding receptors, only c-met, the HGF-binding protein, showed higher mRNA and protein levels, whereas the expression of the other receptors did not change. Furthermore, in cultured pancreatic epithelial cells, HGF stimulated the expression of its own receptor in an autocrine manner. These results point out that the highly coordinated process of regeneration after pancreatitis may be influenced by a sequential induction and expression of peptide growth factors and their receptors.


Summary The Gordon-above-Olga scheme is one of several major hydro-electric developments under investigation in the south-west of Tasmania. The proposed storage area includes a zone of Palaeozoic limestone forming part of the eastern limb of a synclinal structure which provided a potential for the existence of leakage paths capable of threatening the viability of the scheme. The geology of the area is described and the methods used in assessing the likelihood of existence of subjacent karst are detailed. The conclusion is drawn on several grounds that neither recent nor ancient activity is likely to have markedly affected the limestone through the synclinorium. In consequence the water-tightness of the proposed reservoir is predicted.


In response to global calls for environmental awareness, the Malaysian government enforced restrictions on plastic usage in the Malaysian foodservice industry in 2020. Despite the efforts of public awareness campaigns championing the detrimental effects of traditional plastic usage, the impact of measures taken by food traders remains inadequate. The paper seeks to explore the relationship between subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and the intention to use biodegradable straws among food traders. Purposive sampling method, the Structural Equation Model (SEM), and Partial Least Squares (PLS) tools were employed. The sample included 270 respondents. The result found a significant correlation between the four variables, i.e., subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude, and intention to use. Hence, results obtained indicate that conscientious consumers have a significant influence on businesses in their quest to reduce their overall impact on the surrounding environment. Consequently, their socially responsible decisions, i.e., initiatives of using biodegradable products, have advocated mindful consumerism and encouraged positive purchasing behaviors. The results predict increasing demands as an outcome of this accumulated synergy, and this in turn provides more opportunities for food traders and their associated counterparts. The contributions of this study extend toward both theoretical and practical knowledge: (a) better understanding of consumer attitude and how it influences purchase intention, and (b) government regulation and enforcement towards environmental awareness and activities associated with global contributions.


Long-term rates of shoreline change for the north coast of Alaska, from the U.S.Canadian border to the Icy Cape region of northern Alaska, have been updated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. Short-term shoreline change rates are reported for the first time. Additional shoreline position data were used to compute rates where the previous rate-of-change assessment only included two shoreline positions at a given location. The calculation of uncertainty associated with the long-term average rates has also been updated to match refined methods used in other study regions of the National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project. The average rates of this report have a reduced amount of uncertainty compared to those presented in the first assessment for this region.


Functional brain imaging and source localization based on the scalp's potential field requires a solution to the inverse electrostatic problem. This is an underdetermined problem with many solutions. Minimum norm and regularization methods involving the norm are often used, but generally give solutions in which current is widely distributed. One method for reducing the spatial distribution of a solution is to apply it iteratively within the bounds of a shrinking ellipsoid. This paper compares the performance of this approach with an exhaustive search at various noise levels using a numeric simulation of the electroencephalogram in a realistic conductor model. The results show that inverting a single dipolar source with a location accuracy comparable to an exhaustive search requires in the range of 5 to 10 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio.


Human skin colour has significant aesthetic and cultural implications. Cutaneous injuries can result in dys-pigmented scars which are more noticeable, aesthetically unpleasant, and can lead to patient distress and social isolation. Management of dys-pigmented scars has been challenging with variable success. There is a limited understanding of the timing, progression and mechanisms of skin re-pigmentation following wounding. This thesis is a detailed sequential study, which describes and quantifies scar colour changes in pigs of different pigmented strains.The first result chapter describes the observational pigmentary changes in scars of four different pigmented pig strains (Hampshire, Yucatan, Tamworth and Duroc) over time. Two scar re-pigmentation progression patterns, specific to the darkly and the lightly pigmented pigs, are identified and all scar photographs of all pigs at all time-points are scored during non-invasive wound/ scar monitoring using a semi-quantitative scale. In the second result chapter, histo-chemical (DOPA-oxidase) staining was combined with immuno-histochemistry (HMB45) to establish the spatial and temporal distribution and activities of melanocytes in the regenerated epithelium of darkly pigmented pig strains. Results suggest a rise in both inactive and active melanocyte numbers in re-pigmenting scars at early time-points and by late time-points, scars achieved ?complete re-pigmentation? and melanocyte numbers were lowest. Late melanocyte proliferation was observed in two scars from two different pigs; one of which manifested this as hyper-pigmentation, macroscopically. In addition, histological analysis of the epidermal melanin staining (Warkel-Luna-Helwig) pattern showed good correlation with the macroscopic appearance of the scars. The effect of changes in scar basement membrane undulation on melanocyte packing density was investigated: changes were small and unlikely to impact melanocyte packing density; hence macroscopic scar colour. Macroscopic and microscopic observations of the pattern of re-pigmentation following creation of partial thickness wounds across the white and black belts of three Hampshire pigs were investigated.The final result chapter describes how colour changes were quantified for scars and normal skin of each pig, at all time-points during non-invasive scar monitoring; using a reflectance spectrophotometer. In addition, the sensitivity of objective colour measurements was investigated. Results using two statistical clustering techniques suggest that colour measurements differentiate scars from the surrounding normal skin and the tristimulus L*a*b* values of scars correlate well with their macroscopic colour appearances. Time-dependent colour changes in scars and normal skin were quantified independently, using polynomial analysis. The results suggest systematic colour changes in most scars of all pig groups, except Yucatans?, which on the other hand, showed systematic colour changes to their normal skin. These findings highlight the importance of independent analysis of scar and normal skin colour measurements with time post wounding. In conclusion, this thesis has investigated timing and progression patterns of scar re-pigmentation in pigs of different pigmented strains.


A Jewish Guide to Medieval Domestic Europe MOSHE ROSMAN Elisheva BAUMGARTEN. Mothers and Children: Jewish Family Life in Medieval Europe. Jews, Christians, and Muslims from the Ancient to the Modern World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004. Pp. xvi + 275.Mothers and Children is overflowing "with new sources, new information, new interpretations and new conceptual and methodological approaches to historical questions. Utilizing an impressive array of sources - from Talmud and halakhic literature, practical Kabbalah, responsa, exegetical and ethical literature, to doctors' and circumcisers' handbooks, piyutim, guides to customs, Mahzor Vitry, prayerbooks, Sefer Hasidim, "writings of the Church fathers, papal bulls, Christian theological, exegetical, and legal tracts, and culminating "with art - Baumgarten sheds light for the first time on some of the most basic aspects of life in the past. She allows us to observe Jewish domestic life, especially from the "women's perspective (yet never forgetting to explore men's roles and opinions): births, celebrations, the marital relationship, childreanng, neighborhness "with Christians, and supervision of servants.Even more impressive, however, is how she succeeds in using the myriad details she adduces to "weave a complex tapestry that illustrates the structure, the organization and the tacit ideas and values that typified medieval Jewish Ashkenaz and, by extension, Latin Europe m general. Moreover, Baumgarten sets precedents and makes judgments that have ramifications for the "writing of historiography at the present historical moment, and this includes Jewish historiography as "well. She touches on many crucial histonographical issues that all historians - especially Jewish historians - must confront, staking out clear positions that deserve serious evaluation.The first of these is the question of the relationship between Jewish historiography and so-called general historiography. The subtitle of this book is: "Family Life in Ashkenaz in the Middle Ages." The author could have written a book on "family life in Germany and France in the Middle Ages." She is as completely conversant "with the sources and historiography of the Christians in the Middle Ages as she is "with those of the Jews and utilizes them, in this instance, to learn more about the Jews. Given that most of the Jewish sources originated with one group, the male rabbinic elite, enriching the source base "with Christian literature, folklore, art, and Church documents, and their concomitant varying perspectives, is essential.In addition, Baumgarten shows that primary phenomena, like the Hollekreisch ceremony ("where the infant received a non-Jewish name), the Wachtnacht (the night of watching on the eve of a baby boy's circumcision), and the Sabbath of the Parturient (Shabat yetsiat ha-yoledet, the first visit of the new mother to the synagogue, approximately a month after the birth), are linked to Christian parallels that simply must be understood if the Jewish phenomena are to be analyzed meaningfully. Similarly, topics such as "widowhood, nursing, birth, and parenthood are thoroughly discussed in the existing non-Jewish historiography of the Middle Ages. Anyone seeking to relate to these subjects within a Jewish context must master this huge literature - as Baumgarten has done - or produce a superficial account.New findings and insights derived from analysis of non- Jewish historiography on the Middle Ages advance the interpretation and the argument of this book m numerous places. In contrast to some other books on medieval European history that grouped the Jews "with marginal social groups, like the poor, the sick, and the mad,1 here the Jews appear - for all their difference - as partners in the economy, the culture, and the society.Baumgarten, however, not only establishes that the Jews confirm or illustrate things already known about medieval society. In accord with Elliott Horowitz's long-ago call,2 she also utilizes Jewish sources and the differences between the behavior and the attitudes of the Jews and the Christians in order to proffer new views of general issues. …


Although the clinical entity of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) has been reclassified into adenocarcinoma in situ, lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma, it continues to merit special consideration based on its distinct natural history and response to therapy. The clinical behavior of multifocal BAC is highly variable, as is its response to various treatments. This characteristic should encourage latitude for individualized judgment rather than reliance on dogma about how advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be managed. Specifically, it is worth first questioning whether any of the visible disease is progressing at a clinically significant pace. If clear progression is unlikely to occur over several months or longer, an appropriate option is attentive clinical and radiographic follow-up with no intervention. If significant progression is demonstrated in an isolated area, it is very reasonable to consider local therapy-whether surgery or radiation-in this area alone. If progression is clearly apparent, then optimal systemic therapy should be used based on molecular findings. This is the same approach that is generally recommended for other forms of advanced NSCLC, with the presence or absence of a driver mutation used to guide the selection of an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor, or conventional platinum-based chemotherapy (with the potential addition of bevacizumab).


This paper presents the optimization of the current control loop implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based inverter. The bandwidth of the current controller is significantly enhanced by reducing the delay times to its theoretical minimum. The optimizations are at first analyzed on a theoretical basis and afterwards verified on the actual target system. It is discussed, that the optimized current controller can be implemented without any drawbacks in terms of available output voltage. It is shown, that the significant reduction of delay times can be implemented in practice, greatly enhancing the bandwidth of the current controller, thus allowing a much higher controller gain.


The multi-domain wireless sensor networks WSNs are a set of single network co-exist in the same physical location by different authorities. Since nodes in the networks are often battery-limited, the maximisation of network lifetime and the efficiency of balancing energy are important design criterions. In this paper, we present a modified topology control protocol which combines the critical transmitting range CTR and K-neigh topology control strategy. The new algorithm binary network route algorithm based on price, energy and location technology BiPEL is proposed using credit incentive. The results show that the BiPEL algorithm improves the network lifetime and makes the balance of network energy more efficiently. It is also learned that the network lifetime of multi-domain networks is not positive correlation with the cooperation rate.


Currently, numerous single-track railway lines are disused due to economic reasons. However, they could be reactivated for a bidirectional on-demand service traffic by small vehicles that use only one rail. MonoCabs are such small cabin-like vehicles, stabilized by a system of control moment gyroscopes and a moveable mass. They could make an important contribution to improve the mobility offer especially in rural areas. This paper focuses on the analytical modeling and vertical stabilization system of the MonoCab. A nonlinear dynamic model is obtained using the Lagrangian method and subsequently linearized about its equilibrium point. Which is used for the design of the cascade control system. The dynamic analysis of the system is accomplished by comparing between analytically derived model in simulink environment and same structured model in simscape multibody. This system is discussed based on a physical three body model which describes the rolling motion of the vehicle, the lateral motion of the mass and the precession motion of the gyroscope. The model is utilized for a cascaded control concept adjusting the vehicle's roll angle and gyroscope's precession angle. The proposed stabilization concept is capable of compensating both high dynamic disturbances and stationary disturbances (e. g. unbalanced loads and steady wind flows). The concept is analyzed by simulations and experimental investigations. Beside transient command responses also the frequency response of the system is experimentally evaluated and used for a validation of the model and theoretical findings. For the experimental validation, a small scaled test rig is used which consists of mechanical frames and flywheels, inverter-fed drives, rotary encoders, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a rapid control prototyping system.


The paper presents a suspicious email detection model which incorporates enhanced feature selection. In the paper we proposed the use of feature selection strategies along with classification technique for terrorists email detection. The presented model focuses on the evaluation of machine learning algorithms such as decision tree (ID3), logistic regression, Na\"ive Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for detecting emails containing suspicious content. In the literature, various algorithms achieved good accuracy for the desired task. However, the results achieved by those algorithms can be further improved by using appropriate feature selection mechanisms. We have identified the use of a specific feature selection scheme that improves the performance of the existing algorithms.