ABSTRACT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an integral component of the host competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. These noncoding RNAs are characterized by their unique splicing reactions to form covalently closed loop structures and play important RNA regulatory roles in cells. Recent studies showed that circRNA expressions were perturbed in viral infections and circRNAs might serve as potential antiviral targets. We investigated the host ceRNA network changes and biological relevance of circRNAs in human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial (Calu-3) cells infected with the highly pathogenic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A total of ≥49337 putative circRNAs were predicted. Among the 7845 genes which generated putative circRNAs, 147 (1.9%) of them each generated ≥30 putative circRNAs and were involved in various biological, cellular, and metabolic processes, including viral infections. Differential expression (DE) analysis showed that the proportion of DE circRNAs significantly (P < 0.001) increased at 24 h-post infection. These DE circRNAs were clustered into 4 groups according to their time-course expression patterns and demonstrated inter-cluster and intra-cluster variations in the predicted functions of their host genes. Our comprehensive circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network identified 7 key DE circRNAs involved in various biological processes upon MERS-CoV infection. Specific siRNA knockdown of two selected DE circRNAs (circFNDC3B and circCNOT1) significantly reduced MERS-CoV load and their target mRNA expression which modulates various biological pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ubiquitination pathways. These results provided novel insights into the ceRNA network perturbations, biological relevance of circRNAs, and potential host-targeting antiviral strategies for MERS-CoV infection.


According to the decrease in birth rate and reduction of population in rural area, primary schools have brought about many problems for decrease of number of student, and environment of education have became deteriorated. Accordingly, primary schools be required improvement, and it should be altered placement of schools because it change number of student, distance and time of attending school, and formation of school zone are changed by alternating of human and physical environment. Merger and abolition of primary school is inevitable for change of placement standard to primary school and qualitative improvement of environment of education in rural area. This study suggests the effective space planning methods for unified school and appropriate utilization alternatives for closed school following after the merger and abolition of small rural schools. In doing so, it explores the present models of merger and abolition through analysis of all sort of actual condition and the possibilities for various utilizations of the abolished schools. It proposes a classroom-operation type fused the comprehensive class and departmental class system for merged primary schools in rural area. It also suggests the re-use methods of closed school facilities for students and community. Finally, it emphasizes that in order to success the policy of the merger and abolition of small schools, it be attributed to the social-cultural environment based on local residents and community and required provision of a variety of utilization plans reflecting local specifics and guarantee of local residents` participation and selection.


SUMMARY The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) technology is very important to support the electronic commerce and digital communications on existing networks. The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is the standard protocol for retrieving certificate revocation information in the PKI. To minimize the damages caused by OCSP responder's private key exposure, a distributed OCSP composed of multiple responders is needed. This paper presents a new distributed OCSP with a single public key by using key-insulated signature scheme [6]. In proposed distributed OCSP, each responder has the different private key, but corresponding public key remains fixed. Therefore the user simply obtains and stores one certificate, and can verify any responses by using a single public key.


Accurate failure prediction in grids is critical for reasoning about QoS guarantees such as job completion time and availability. Statistical methods can be used but they suffer from the fact that they are based on assumptions, such as time-homogeneity, that are often not true. In particular, periodic failures are not modeled well by statistical methods. In this paper, we present an alternative mechanism for failure prediction in which periodic failures are first determined and then filtered from the failure list. The remaining failures are then used in a traditional statistical method. We show that the use of pre-filtering leads to an order of magnitude better predictions


Introduction. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by NO synthases (NOS) is involved in the regulation of vital physiological functions. At the same time, NO and NOS are involved in events associated with the tumor process: mutagenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, etc., exerting a multidirectional effect on the tumor.Objectives – analyze and summarize literature data concerning the role of NO and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in the initiation and progression of tumors, as well as in the inhibition of tumor growth.Materials and methods. In preparing the review, publications of information bases of biomedical literature were used: SciVerse Scopus (538), PubMed (1327), Web of Science (905), Russian Science Citation Index (125).Results. The molecular mechanisms of the action of NO and its derivatives on the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis have been explored. Numerous factors and conditions regulating the activity of eNOS in health and tumor growth have been analyzed. The molecular signaling pathways through which the pro-tumor effects of NO and eNOS, stimulating angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, are realized, including through the mobilization of stem cells, are considered.Conclusion. Nitric oxide produced by activated eNOS promotes tumor progression by increasing the proliferation of tumor cells, enhancing the action of pro-angiogenic factors, stimulating angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. Selective inhibition of increased eNOS activity may be a promising therapeutic approach aimed at reducing metastasis and tumor growth.


The objective of our study was to investigate the prevalence of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets and their commitment to TH1 or TH2 direction in 10 infants with allergic colitis (AC) and 10 healthy controls. Infants with AC presented with a higher ratio of naïve to memory cells, lower prevalence of activated CD4+CD25+ cells and FoxP3+ regulatory cells, and a shift to TH2 direction in balance compared with controls. These alterations are normalized upon cessation of AC symptoms on elemental L-amino acid formula. These findings suggest the importance of antigen exposure in AC in infancy.


Nowadays, an important topic that is considered a lot is how to integrate Machine Learning(ML) to cloud resources management. In this study, our goal is to explore the most important cloud resources management issues that have been combined with ML and which present many promising results. To accomplish this, we used chronological charts based on some keywords that we considered important and tried to answer the question: is ML suitable for resources management problems in the cloud? Furthermore, a short discussion takes place on the data that are available and the open challenges on it. A big collection of researches is used to make sensible comparisons between the ML techniques that are used in the different kinds of cloud resources management fields and we propose the most suitable ML model for each field. 1


This paper integrates methods associated with language socialization and pragmatics to examine how participants in one middle school dance program use the indefinitely referential language of 'some people' as a robust resource for socializing embodied competencies related to dance, linguistic competencies related to the ability to use 'some people' in indexically and pragmatically complex ways, cognitive competencies related to error-correction and problem-solving, and social-moral competencies related to responsibility-taking. A key argument is that the referential vagueness inherent in 'some' as an indefinite determiner contributes fundamentally to the usefulness of 'some people' as a language socialization resource in this community of practice.


High-gain target design and gain sensitivity to nonuniform implosion dynamics have been studied numerically. First of all, sensitivity of the pellet gain to the tailored pulse shape has been studied using the laser implosin code ILESTA-1D, and the gain scaling law has been obtained through an optimization of target and laser parameters. Then, the two-dimensional code, ILESTA-2D, was used to study the sensitivity of the pellet gain to the nonuniformity in target implosion. It is found that the fire-polishing effect by alpha-particle heating drastically smooths the spark structure. The implosion mode optimized with the ILESTA-1D code is relatively sensitive to nonuniformity and, therefore, higher implosion velocity modes are recommended from stability.


The ATLAS experiment is a particle detector at the Large Hadron Collider at the European Centre for Nuclear Research in Geneva, Switzerland. High-energy proton-proton collisions accelerated to nearly the speed of light are thoroughly analyzed to learn about the fundamental forces of the universe, and potentially new, yet to be known physics. These high energy collisions yield a colossal amount of data. Deep neural networks are a machine learning technique inspired by the human brain that can find patterns in large datasets. Therefore, using a deep neural network is a promising option for data analysis. The Higgs Boson is the particle that gives other elementary particles mass. We are interested in analyzing the Higgs decaying into a pair of W bosons. The analysis is required to be able to differentiate signal (Higgs to WW) and background events (other decays with the same decay products) in a statistically significant manner.


Effect of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in diets for West African dwarf (WAD) goats on protein digestibility and utilization was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Four diets consisting of Panicum maximum supplemented with concentrate pellets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15mL/kg of CNSL were used. Panicum and pellets were combined in ratio 70: 30 of required dry matter (DM). For in vitro experiment, 500 mg (n=8 per diet) of diet samples (DM basis) were incubated at 39°C for 48 h following the procedure of Menke and Steingass (1988). Dry matter and crude protein digestibility, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and bacteria count were determined after 24 and 48 h incubation by recovering feed residues and rumen liquor. For in vivo experiment, twenty-four WAD goats were divided into four groups of six animals each. Each group was fed one of the four diets at 5% body weight (DM basis). Dry matter and crude protein intake, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, rumen NH3-N, bacteria count and crudeprotein digestibility were measured during 98 days of feeding and digestibility trial. Experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design and data analyzed using one way analysis of variance procedure of SAS (1999). Results showed that 5 – 15 mL/kg CNSL in supplemental pellets reduced (P < 0.05) protein digestibility in vitro but increased (P < 0.05) total-tract protein digestibility in vivo. In vitro rumen NH3-N decreased (P < 0.05) with 5 – 15ml CNSL inclusion after 24 and 48 h. At 30 and 60 days post-feeding, 10 – 15 mL CNSL reduced (P < 0.05) rumen NH3-N in goats Protein efficiency ratio was higher (P < 0.05) with CNSL and goats fed 15 mL CNSL had the highest (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio. Rume bacteria population in vitro and in vivo decreased (P < 0.05) with 5 – 15 mL CNSL in supplemental pellets. In conclusion, the reduced in vitro protein digestibility with reduced NH3-Nproduction and bacteria population in vitro and in vivo suggests an inhibitory effect of CNSL on rumen proteolysis. Cashew nut shell liquid in supplemental pellet for WAD goats up to 15 mL/kg therefore inhibited dietary protein breakdown in the rumen with consequent improvement in protein digestibility and utilization at the lower tract.


We consider the problem of field emission based on carbon nanotubes (CNT), which length differs from several nanometers up to dozens of nanometers. The particle transmission function is obtained, considering the difference of potentials on the ends of CNT to be U=2-3.5 V. The value of the emission current is calculated according to the obtained transmission function. We establish the dependence of the Nordheim function on the length of nanoparticles. We consider the limiting transition for the transmission coefficient for field emission from the cathode surface in the absence of nanoparticles on it. Linear dependence of the electrical current envelopes I on the field strength W is obtained. Keywords: field emission, nanotubes, Nordheim functions.


Although cycloid psychoses share psychopathological features with schizophrenia, their course and outcome are comparable to those seen in bipolar affective disorder. The diagnostic category is of interest because it has been demonstrated that cycloid psychoses can be diagnosed reliably and distinguished from other psychoses based on treatment response and neurophysiology. Despite this, only few studies have investigated the neurobiological differences between cycloid psychoses and schizophrenia, and although hyper- and hypoactivity have been observed in patients with cycloid psychoses, no studies have investigated motor activity in this group to date. Therefore, we aimed to quantify motor activity during the waking hours of the day as assessed by wrist actigraphy in 16 patients with cycloid psychosis and 16 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. All patients were matched for gender and age, and wrist actigraphic assessment took place during acute episodes. The level of activity and proportion of active vs. inactive periods during waking hours were significantly higher in patients with cycloid psychosis. The results of the present study are interpreted in light of a previously reported general arousal in cycloid psychoses that is expressed in motor activity. Our data support the concept of cycloid psychoses as a syndrome with distinct symptomatology and pathophysiology.


It is widely believed in the research literature that the library profession has been obsolete as the library operations can be efficiently and effectively accomplished by robots and computer programs. The author argues it is a technocratic mistake to think so and consistently denied this assumption. He warns of unlawful identification of library tasks and mission. The task is to accomplish technological functions that can be transferred to intellectual robots. The deepest humanistic essence that justifies libraries' existence is their moral impact on modern social conscience.The author proves that it is a mistake to ignore the role of library intellectuals in building digital economy is mistakenly ignored. He suggests to look at library intellectuality as not only a librarians' characteristic but also an integral personal quality. The concept is rather social and ethical one than a professiological, and matches other configurations of intellectuality and intelligibility. Today, the humankind is at the cross-roads of noosphere (kingdom of reason) and necrosphere (kingdom of the dead). The library community has to play its role in choosing the right historical way. The author concludes: the library profession mission is to humanize digital economy.


Objective:To review the key points of the perioperative period management of laryngotracheoplasty using free hyoid grafting in children with acquired subglottic stenosis, in order to reduce postoperative complications, to improve extubation rate, and to promote the rehabilitation of the patients. Methods:Twenty-five cases with subglottic stenosis were treated by laryngotracheoplasty using free hyoid grafting in department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital from September 2017 to June 2021. Standardized perioperative period management protocols were carried out in all 25 cases. Results:21 cases were successfully extubated, T tubes of 2 cases were replaced by tracheal tubes which have been sealed, but tracheal tubes sealing was failed in 2 cases after tube replacement. Conclusion:High quality perioperative period management of laryngotracheoplasty using free hyoid grafting can effectively reduce related complication rate, maintain airway patency, promote laryngeal function recovery, shorten the period of tracheotomy and improve the quality of life.


Photovoltaic cells and processes that mitigate recombination losses of photogenerated carriers are provided. To reduce recombination losses, diffuse doping layers in active photovoltaic (PV) elements are coated with patterns of dielectric material(s) that reduce contact between metal contacts and the active PV element. Various patterns can be utilized, and one or more surfaces of the PV element can be coated with one or more dielectrics. Vertical Multi-Junction photovoltaic cells can be produced with patterned PV elements, or unit cells. While patterned PV elements can increase series resistance of VMJ photovoltaic cells, and patterning one or more surfaces in the PV element can add complexity to a process utilized to produce VMJ photovoltaic cells, reduction of carrier losses at diffuse doping layers in a PV element increases efficiency of photovoltaic cells, and thus provide with PV operational advantages that outweigh increased manufacturing complexity. System to fabricate the photovoltaic cells is provided.


Veterinary education in South Africa started in 1920 when the Onderstepoort Veterinary Faculty was created. Sir Arnold Theiler was close to retirement when he finally officiated as Dean at the graduation ceremony in 1926 for the class of 1925, constituting the 2nd group of graduates. In this article the fateful circumstances that dictated the final years of Theiler's brilliant career and their effect on his participation in student matters are initially dealt with. This is followed by concise descriptions of the life histories of the ten veterinarians who graduated from the Faculty in 1925. Particularly noteworthy is that although they all started off their careers as civil servants, 4 ended up in private practice. One of them in fact spent by far the greatest part of his career, namely 35 years, as a private practitioner. An unusual incident was the almost fatal shooting of another one, while he was executing his duties as a veterinary field officer, by the son of a farmer.


Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) females are attracted to traps baited with male pheromone and/or broadcast calling song, but a high variability in female responsiveness has hindered attempts to use such attractants in practical trapping systems. Prior experience is one factor that may contribute to variability in female responses. To investigate this possibility, female responses to male calling song were compared after 3840-h prior exposure to different combinations of live males, live females, synthetic pheromone components, and broadcast song. The broadcast song, obtained from a sexually successful male, contained a series of wing-fanning pulse trains averaging 0.31s in duration, separated by 0.36-s quiet intervals. Within the pulse trains, the frequency rose quickly from ~125 to 148 Hz and then slowly declined to ~120 Hz. The proportions of females responding to the broadcast calling song were greatest when females were first exposed to live males or pheromone components. These proportions significantly exceeded 0% difference between the proportions under silent and broadcasting speakers. The proportion of females that responded after prior exposure to broadcast song alone was significantly higher than the proportion that responded after no prior exposure to sexual stimuli, but it did not significantly exceed 0%.


We provide a new model for texture synthesis based on a multiscale, multilayer feature extractor. Within the model, textures are represented by a set of statistics computed from ReLU wavelet coefficients at different layers, scales and orientations. A new image is synthesized by matching the target statistics via an iterative projection algorithm. We explain the necessity of the different types of pre-defined wavelet filters used in our model and the advantages of multilayer structures for image synthesis. We demonstrate the power of our model by generating samples of high quality textures and providing insights into deep representations for texture images.


[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the chromosome number and the karyotype of Scilla scilloides in Yantai.[Method] Root tips of Scilla scilloides were pretreated by 8-hydroxyquinoline,then fixed,dissociated and stained for slice production.The chromosome number was analyzed by microscopic examination,and then cells with good chromosomal morphology and dispersal chromosome were studied by microscopic photos.[Result] The somatic chromosome number of Scilla scilloides in Yantai was 2n=16+1Bs,while the karyotype formula was K(2n)=2x=16+1Bs=6m+4sm(2SAT)+4st+2t+1Bs and the karyotype classification was "3B" type.[Conclusion] Karyotype comparison,division of cell type and evolution of Scilla scilloides in Yantai are discussed,which provides basis for cytogenetics,evolutionary genetics,modern taxonomy and genetic breeding.


The paper considers the problem of optimizing gas-discharge sources of multiband UV radiation – excilamps. A method is proposed for estimating the ratio of partial pressures of the components of a gas mixture, which makes it possible to simplify the process of developing a multiband excilamp with the desired power ratio of the emission bands. It is shown that the optimization of a multiband excilamp on a mixture of one noble gas with several halogen carriers can be reduced to the problem of optimizing an excilamp on a two-component mixture. If, in addition to the radiation of exciplex molecules, the radiation of excimer molecules is of importance, then the method makes it possible to control the relative contribution of the powers emitted by these molecules.


The present study was written on the basis of the papers that were prepared by the author on the rehabilitation of Central-Josephstadt as contributions to a detailed urban plan. In the first part of the study, the author gives a historical overview of the urban regulations influencing the development of this part of the city. As a summary of his historical argumentations, the author states that the beginning of the "slummification process" cannot be considered to be the direct consequence of the ecological position of this part of the city. In order to support the above statement he declares that speeded-up "slummification" was not caused by spontaneous tendencies, but rather by the nationalization of the majority of flats in this district as a first step, and then by neglecting the necessary reconstruction works for more than 50 years. Though the above tendencies were typical of other parts of the capital city, they took place as widespread processes fundamentally influencing the socio-spatial structure of the city only in the districts of Inner Pest, primarily because the decisive majority of the nationalized flats can be found in this part of Budapest. After the historical overview, the author presents and analyzes his data on that part of the population in this area who are poor, gypsy, unemployed and migrated from the countryside only recently. These data are compared with those of the Central-Josephstadt as a whole, with some parts of this area, and with the averages of the whole capital city. In the last part, the study deals with the possible alternatives handling the "slummification process" by means of urban planning and urban management, with the chances of their realization, and with their expected social consequences.


A permutation $\pi$ contains a pattern $\sigma$ if and only if there is a subsequence in $\pi$ with its letters in the same relative order as those in $\sigma$. Partially ordered patterns (POPs) provide a convenient way to denote patterns in which the relative order of some of the letters does not matter. This paper elucidates connections between the avoidance sets of a few POPs with other combinatorial objects, directly answering five open questions posed by Gao and Kitaev in 2019. This was done by thoroughly analysing the avoidance sets and developing recursive algorithms to derive these sets and their corresponding combinatorial objects in parallel, which yielded natural bijections. We also analysed an avoidance set whose simple permutations are enumerated by the Fibonacci numbers and derived an algorithm to obtain them recursively.


In voice conversion, it is possible to transfer some characteris-tic components of a (target) speech utterance, such as the content, pitch, or speaker identity, from the corresponding component from another (source) utterance. This has recently been achieved by characterizing these components through neural-based vector embeddings which encode the specific information to be transferred. In the particular case of neural prosody embeddings, to the best of our knowledge, no work has ex-plored the informativeness of these embeddings for other pur-poses, such as prosody assessment or comparison of prosodic patterns. In this work, we use an intonation data set and a voice conversion corpus to explore how these neural prosody embeddings group for utterances of different intonation, content, and speaker identity. We compare these neural prosody embeddings to hand-crafted acoustic-prosodic features and to content embeddings. We found that neural prosody embeddings can achieve a geometrical separability index as high as 0.956 for highly contrastive intonations, and 0.706 for different sentence types.


The ARCADIA project aims at developing automatic image analysis and machine learning methods to facilitate the interpretation and promotion of an archaeological ceramic heritage. It consists in implementing a 3D digitalization chain of the discovered shards to extract the decoration imprinted by the potters using a carved wood wheel. The characterization of the hollow pattern from a binary map given by the 3D image then allows the automatic classification of these patterns. We propose here a feasibility study by comparing the results of automatic classification from the manual inkings made by archaeologists and those from 3D digitalizations of the same corpus of shards.


OBJECTIVE
To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the spearfishing or neddle-guided biopsy to breast cancer and no palpable mammography and ultrasound findings suspicious for malignancy.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Observational, transversal, prolective, and descriptive study was made. A histopathological diagnosis were conducted from August 2004 to December 2011 in the Radiology and Image Departmen of Centro Médico La Raza to patients sent by the service of Surgical Oncology-with non-palpable breast findings identified by mammography and/or ultrasound with any suspicion of malignancy. Radiographic and ultrasonographic images of the specimen were obtained after the surgical procedure.

RESULTS
Harpoon 532 placements with histopathological report. Malignancies were 4.0% of the biopsies were performed in negative mammograms (ACR BI-RADS® 3) and 34.3% (p ≤ 0.05) of which were performed in positive mammography: 19.5% of mammograms ACR BI-4 and RADS® 89.7% (p < 0.0001) of mammograms ACR BI-RADS® 5. The negative mammography (ACR BI-RADS® 3) which resulted in cancer occurred in a patient with a personal history of breast cancer who had a solid nodule in one breast. In the evaluation of mammography studies and placing seven harpoons participated certified radiologists and additional qualification in breast imaging, and five radiology technicians trained in mammography.

CONCLUSIONS
The positive cases in the evaluation of mammography studies and placing seven harpoons participated certified radiologists and additional qualification in breast imaging, and five radiology technicians trained in mammography. (sum of the ACR BI-RADS® cases 4 and ACR BI-RADS® 5) and individual cases ACR BI-RADS® 4 had a PPV within recommended ranges ACR BI-RADS®; PPV ACR BI-RADS® may was lower than recommended by the literature, although most recommended by other series, which forces us to emphasize adherence to the semiotics suggested by ACR BI-RADS® and avoid unnecessary surgery. Patients with a personal history of breast cancer and finding a new ACR BI-RADS® 3 should have an individual assessment and consider biopsy before the short-term monitoring.


Exact determination of the extent of the disease is necessary for optimal treatment of lymphogranulomatosis. To this purpose 53 patients with lymphogranulomatosis had an exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy (42 adults and 11 children). On the basis of the operation results the pre-operative staging had to be revised in 14 patients and the treatment plan had to be changed in most cases. Lymphogranulomatosis of the spleen was demonstrable in 27 cases. Histologically the mixed-cell type was most commonly seen in the spleen. The size of the spleen was an unreliable diagnostic parameter as regards involvement with lymphogranulomatosis. In approximately a third of the adults with involved spleens the weight of the spleen was under 200 g. Hodgkin involvement of the liver was demonstrable in three patients; in these three cases splenic involvement coexisted. In seven patients post-operative complications occurred.


The goal of this paper is to examine importance of nominal
rigidities, especially of wages and prices, in the Czech
economy. As a tool, DSGE model of open economy with nominal
rigidities is used. The model is estimated on data of the Czech
economy using Bayesian techniques. The model is evaluated in
terms how it fits the data and the dynamical properties of the
model are studied. The emphasis is put on wage-price dynamics.
Next, the relative importance of nominal rigidities is examined
using sensitivity analysis. The conclusion is that wages are
more rigid than prices and thus wage rigidity and price
rigidity are interchangeable. This outcome should be taken into
consideration for forming of monetary policy by the central
bank and modelling of behaviour of the Czech economy.


We consider a class of models of self-interacting bosons hopping on a lattice. We show that properly tailored space-temporal coherent control of the single-body coupling parameters allows for the universal quantum computation in a given sector of the global Fock space. This general strategy for encoded universality in bosonic systems has, in principle, several candidates for physical implementation.


We discuss Devaney chaos on compact metric spaces using a decomposition space characterized by topological nature of symbolic dynamics. A chaotic map obtained here is defined as a topologically conjugate of the chaotic map on a decomposition space which is induced by a chaotic map of symbolic dynamics. In particular, the chaotic character of the tent map and the baker map on [0,1] are reconsidered based on decomposition dynamics involving symbolic dynamics with different two chaotic maps. As an example of compact metric space we exhibit a chaotic map existing on any given finite graph.


This is the second time that Kohler's classical reference work appears with E. A. ZIMMER as the editor. At least 30 pages of subject matter has been added to the text in the 10th edition of this excellent standard work. Most of the small faults in the ninth edition have been corrected, and recent experiences are reported. The new issue may therefore safely be called a markedly improved edition. The publishers and the editor may be congratulated upon the good result of their endeavour. The book will surely be appreciated by roentgenologists all over the world; it appears in the German as well as in the English and French languages. It is therefore, perhaps, no exaggeration to say that without this encyclopedia it would not be easy to pursue any activities in the field of skeletal diagnostics. Only in a few instances, referring to minor details, might the reviewer feel inclined to express a divergent opinion, as when it is stated, for example, that arthrosis of the tempero-mandibular joints may lead to a low bite. The opposite seems to be more correct, i. e. that occlusal imbalance with low bite may lead to arthrosis. Small irrelevances like this are not of a kind, however, to reduce the value of this excellent handbook in which the practitioner can really find what he needs to know. The scopes of the different sections are well-balanced, and the roentgenologist engaged in scientific research will gain his first starting point in his search for literature in the large field of skeletal diagnostics. S. Ribbing.


It is vital to promote and optimize the technological innovation efficiency of new energy vehicle (NEV) enterprises for the green transformation of China's automobile industry. However, China's NEV enterprises still have problems such as insufficient research of technology and unreasonable innovative resource allocation. To improve the technological innovation efficiency of China's NEV enterprises, the NEVs' technological innovation process is divided into two stages: the research and development (R&D) stage and the achievement transformation stage in this research. Combining Tobit regression with data envelopment analysis (DEA), an evaluation framework of technological innovation efficiency of the NEV enterprises is constructed. Then, the innovation efficiency of 23 NEV listed enterprises from 2013 to 2018 is analyzed. The result reveals three findings. First, the overall technological innovation efficiency of NEV enterprises is low. Second, enterprises' R&D efficiency is generally higher than the achievement transformation efficiency. Third, according to two-stage efficiency, 23 NEV enterprises are divided into four categories. For different types of enterprises, targeted guidance to improve innovation efficiency is proposed. This research provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the innovation efficiency of NEV enterprises.


To investigate the role of ras gene activity in cellular transformation by polyomavirus, murine C3H10T1/2 cells were rendered ras deficient by transfection with an antisense ras gene construct. Ras deficiency resulted in a partial suppression of the polyomavirus-induced transformed phenotype. The production of viral middle T antigen and its association with pp60c-src, increased membrane-associated protein kinase C activity, and morphological transformation were unaffected by the downregulation of c-ras gene expression. On the other hand, stimulated proliferation, focus formation on confluent monolayers of normal cells, and colony formation in soft agar were all greatly reduced in cells containing reduced p21ras levels. It is concluded that ras gene activity is needed for full cell transformation by polyomavirus.


Novel environmentally friendly pretreatments have been developed in recent years to improve biomass fractionation. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with ionic liquids show low environmental impact and can be used in biorefinery of biomass. In this work, these processes were assessed with brewery spent grain (BSG). First, BSG was used as a substrate to produce cellulases and xylanases by SSF with the fungi Aspergillus brasiliensis CECT 2700 and Trichoderma reesei CECT 2414. Then, BSG was pretreated with the ionic liquid [N1112OH][Gly] and hydrolyzed with the crude enzymatic extracts. Results showed that SSF of BSG with A. brasiliensis achieved the highest enzyme production; meanwhile, the pretreatment with ionic liquids allowed glucan and xylan fractions to increase and reduce the lignin content. In addition, a mixture of the extracts from both fungi in a ratio of 2.5:0.5 Aspergillus/Trichoderma (v/v) efficiently hydrolyzed the BSG previously treated with the ionic liquid [N1112OH][Gly], reaching saccharification percentages of 80.68%, 54.29%, and 19.58% for glucan, xylan, and arabinan, respectively. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that the BSG biorefinery process developed in this work is an effective way to obtain fermentable sugar-containing solutions, which can be used to produce value-added products.


JAK are major downstream regulators of signaling through cytokine receptors, activating STAT. Effective targeting of the Th2-associated JAK-STAT pathway would represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of asthma. Here, we studied the effects of a novel selective JAK1/3 inhibitor, R256, on Th1, Th2, and Th17 differentiation in vitro and on the development of ovalubmin-induced AHR and airway inflammation in vivo in mice. R256 prevented only Th2 differentiation in vitro and was associated with the downregulation of STAT5 and STAT6 phosphorylation. In contrast, Th2 cells were unaffected by the inhibitor when added after polarization was complete. In vivo, R256 administered during the allergen sensitization phase prevented the development of AHR, airway eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and Th2 cytokine production without altering Th1 and Th17 cytokine production, indicating that selective blockade of Th2 differentiation was critical. Inhibitor administration after allergen sensitization but during the challenge phase also suppressed AHR, airway eosinophilia, and mucus hypersecretion but no effect on Th2 cytokine levels in BAL could be detected, suggesting effects on downstream cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Thus, R256-mediated inhibition of JAK1/3 activation was effective when administered both prior to and after Th2 polarization to attenuate allergen-induced Th2 dominant airway inflammation and AHR.


One good thing about this symposium on flow chemistry is that at least half of the papers was on actual applications: summarized one member of the audience of the IPIT symposium in Rotterdam, 25 May 2012. This remark can be viewed as a compliment to the organizer, TNO, a Dutch contract research organization. More importantly, it shows that flow chemistry is, slowly but steadily, being accepted in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceutics. In order to get flow chemistry accepted in the fine chemicals industry, one should not called it so. This industry is so used to working with batches in a tank reactor, that the simple mentioning of flow chemistry, or continuous production of chemicals in tubular or plate like reactors, does not go down well, according to several authors at the IPIT 2012 symposium in Rotterdam. But is not the only factor that is causing flow chemistry's slow progress in the industry.


Windowing applied to a given signal is a technique commonly used in signal processing in order to reduce spectral leakage in a signal with many data. Several windows are well known: hamming, hanning, beartlett, etc. The selection of a window is based on its spectral characteristics. Several papers that analyze the amplitude and width of the lobes that appear in the spectrum of various types of window have been published. This is very important because the lobes can hide information on the frequency components of the original signal, in particular when frequency components are very close to each other. In this paper it is shown that the size of the window can also have an impact in the spectral information. Until today, the size of a window has been chosen in a subjective way. As far as we know, there are no publications that show how to determine the minimum size of a window. In this work the frequency interval between two consecutive values of a Fourier Transform is considered. This interval determines if the sampling frequency and the number of samples are adequate to differentiate between two frequency components that are very close. From the analysis of this interval, a mathematical inequality is obtained, that determines in an objective way, the minimum size of a window. Two examples of the use of this criterion are presented. The results show that the hiding of information of a signal is due mainly to the wrong choice of the size of the window, but also to the relative amplitude of the frequency components and the type of window. Windowing is the main tool used in spectral analysis with nonparametric periodograms. Until now, optimization was based on the type of window. In this paper we show that the right choice of the size of a window assures on one hand that the number of data is enough to resolve the frequencies involved in the signal, and on the other, reduces the number of required data, and thus the processing time, when very long files are being analyzed.


The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom's potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country's GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.


The lower critical magnetic fi eld of an SRF cavity may be increased by screening the interior fields from the cavity bulk. This screening could be accomplished by coating the interior of a cavity with alternating layers of insulator and superconductor, each of which is thinner than the London penetration depth of the superconductor. This idea has been proposed by Gurevich [A. Gurevich, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 012511 (2006)]. We have developed a method for measuring the behavior of such a multilayer system. A superconducting disk resonator is deposited on top of a small multilayer sample. The small sample approach allows for flexibility in the evaluation of many different materials and configurations. The onset of magnetic flux penetration in the superconductor can be observed from the change in resonator Q and the detection of flux flow voltages. Since the disk resonator applies a known field to the multilayer system, the lower critical magnetic field of the system may be measured. This paper presents design analysis for an experimental program for multilayer film evaluation.


A proton therapy test facility with a beam current lower than 10 nA in average, and an energy up to 85 MeV, has to be sited at the Frascati ENEA Research Center, in Italy. The accelerator is composed by a sequence of linear sections. From the radiation protection point of view the source of radiation for this facility is almost completely located at the final target. Physical and geometrical models of the device have been developed and implemented into a radiation transport computer code based on Monte Carlo method. The main scope is the assessment of the dose rates around the radiation source for supporting the safety analysis. For the assessment was used the FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) computer code [1, 2]. A general purpose tool for the calculation of particle transport and interaction with matter, covering an extended range of applications including proton beam analysis. The models implemented into the code are described and the results are presented. The calculated dose rates are reported at different distances from the target. Considerations about personnel safety are issued and the shielding requirements are anticipated.


Traditional narrowband telemedicine cannot provide quality dynamic images. We conducted videoconferences of laparoscopic and endoscopic operations via an uncompressed video transmission technique. A superfast broadband Internet link was set up between Shanghai in the People's Republic of China and Fukuoka in Japan. Uncompressed dynamic video images of laparoscopic and endoscopic operations were transmitted by a digital video transfer system (DVTS). Seven teleconferences were conducted between June 2005 and June 2007. Of the 7 teleconferences, 5 were live surgical demonstrations and 3 were recorded video teleconsultations. Smoothness of the motion picture, sharpness of images, and clarity of sound were benefited by this form of telemedicine based upon DVTS. Telemedicine based upon DVTS is a superior choice for laparoscopic and endoscopic skill training across the borders.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the knowledge diffusion process in employment effects of sustainable development investments for large international firms. We present an empirical analysis based upon a dataset composed of worldwide Research and Development (R&D) -intensive firms over the period 2002–2010. In order to identify the technological relatedness measure between the firms, we use the friendly environmental patents' distribution. The drivers of labor innovation effects are identified as a complex combination of job displacement and compensation forces of innovation. Two research questions are investigated: first, we wonder whether green economy investments stimulate firm-level jobs within three different environmental contexts: water, waste and energy; second, we would like to learn the extent to which the knowledge diffusion is an important channel supporting labor in the environmental context, by analysing the impact of intra-industry externalities. From the empirical results, we can observe that environmental spillovers have a negative impact, by confirming the prevalence of the displacement effect. This finding is extremely important for policy implications. Indeed, not only economic incentives to allow the transition to cleaner technologies are required, but also stronger actions to favor job creation relative to environmental activities are needed for a full sustainable achievement of firms.


Through self-reflexive, queer autoethnography, this article depicts the author's transition from a religious scholastic to a queer-embracing person over four years at university. While enfolding the individual and the collective self, the author unearths new forms of existing that allow for authenticity with none of the complicity associated with double consciousness. This article examines how writing leads to meaning-making, visibility, and self-affirmation and becomes an exercise in letting go of shame, loss, and love.


The nonlinear collective electron dynamics of a cluster irradiated by a strong near-infrared linearly polarized short laser pulse are studied by classical molecular-dynamics simulations for a small model cluster with ∼103 particles. The model naturally yields all the features of a cluster exposed to a strong laser pulse, such as inner and outer ionization, expansion of the ion core, etc. When the frequency of the incident radiation is near three-photon resonance with the Mie frequency in the laser-ionized cluster, both the electron acceleration and the local electric field acting on the ions inside the cluster exhibit a third harmonic of the fundamental frequency. The time evolution during the laser pulse of the third harmonic of the total electron acceleration as well as of the electric field inside the cluster is discussed for different parameters of the laser–cluster interaction. The effect of ion motion is investigated. The presence of a strong non-resonant second harmonic in the local electric field at ion positions off the cluster centre is reported.


Salvia leriifolia is a medicinal plant from Lamiaceae family native to Khorasan and Semnan Provinaces. This plant has medicinal properties such as antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and Antioxidant which all have been confirmed by researchers. In this research, callus induction was established for production of phenolic acids. For this purpose, the leaf explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0,1,2,3,4 mgL), KIN (0,0.3,1mgL), BAP (0,1,2,3,4,5,6 mgL) and NAA (0,1,2,3 mgL). Accumulation of phenolic acids was measured after 4 weeks of culture by HPLC. Results showed that the best treatments for callus induction and growth were at the BAP5 mgl+NAA5mgl and 2, 4D 3 mgl + KIN1mgl. Accumulation of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B in calli was higher than leaves of Salvia leriifolias. The highest rosmarinic acid concentration was found in the treatment BAP 5mgl+NAA5mgl that were about 3 times higher than in leaves.


Low solubility and tumor-targeted delivery of ginsenosides to avoid off-target cytotoxicity are challenges for clinical trials. In the present study, we report on a methodology for the synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ginsenoside conjugates through a hydrolysable ester bond using the hydrophilic polymer polyethylene glycol with the hydrophobic ginsenosides Rh1 and Rh2 to enhance water solubility and passive targeted delivery. The resulting conjugates were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 1H NMR revealed that the C-6 and C-3 sugar hydroxyl groups of Rh1 and Rh2 were esterified. The conjugates showed spherical shapes that were monitored by field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), and the average sizes of the particles were 62 ± 5.72 nm and 134 ± 8.75 nm for PEG-Rh1and PEG-Rh2, respectively (measured using a particle size analyzer). Owing to the hydrophilic enhancing properties of PEG, PEG-Rh1 and PEG-Rh2 solubility was greatly enhanced compared to Rh1 and Rh2 alone. The release rates of Rh1 and Rh2 were increased in lower pH conditions (pH 5.0), that for pathophysiological sites as well as for intracellular endosomes and lysosomes, compared to normal-cell pH conditions (pH 7.4). In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the PEG-Rh1conjugates had greater anticancer activity in a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549) compared to Rh1 alone, whereas PEG-Rh2 showed lower cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. On the other hand, both PEG-Rh1 and PEG-Rh2 showed non-cytotoxicity in a nondiseased murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) compared to free Rh1 and Rh2, but PEG-Rh2 exhibited increased efficacy against inflammation by greatly inhibiting nitric oxide production. Thus, the overall conclusion of our study is that PEG conjugation promotes the properties of Rh1 for anticancer and Rh2 for inflammation treatments. Depends on the disease models, they could be potential drug candidates for further studies.


OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the prevalence and severity of compassion fatigue (CF) risk among nurses employed in a large southwestern hospital system. BACKGROUND Compassion fatigue is defined as multifaceted exhaustion stemming from untreated distress that leads to physical and emotional problems. Low morale, increased medication errors, and higher turnover can result. METHODS A descriptive design was used to identify: 1) the prevalence and severity of CF risk among a sample of registered nurses; and 2) the differences in demographic characteristics correlated with CF risk. RESULTS Forty-six percent of nurses reported moderate to high CF risk. Compassion fatigue risk was significantly associated with years of employment, unit worked, job changes, and use of sick days. CONCLUSION This study reports new knowledge about compassion fatigue, established risk profiles across clinical units, and clarified optimal timing for interventions for those at the highest risk for CF.


This paper conducts a geospatial assessment of domestic violence in Lawrence Township, NJ in order to better understand the nature of the domestic violence crimes in that area. This entails using dispatch data from the Lawrence Township Police Department and applying statistical procedures on the risk factors associated with domestic violence. The risk factors under consideration in this paper, as identified by prior research, are age, gender, renter status, prior instances of domestic violence, and noise complaint calls. The results of the research suggest that not all risk factors as identified by prior research are associated with domestic violence in Lawrence Township. Furthermore the results indicate that the risk factors explored in this paper have a minimal effect individually, but may have a more meaningful explanation when used together. As a result, other factors should be explored because they may have a more meaningful relationship with domestic violence in Lawrence Township, NJ than those examined in this paper. Thus continued research is encouraged.


Neutron single crystal diffuse scattering from D2O ice Ih has been measured over large regions of reciprocal space on the SXD diffractometer at ISIS. This scattering shows additional features to those predicted solely on the basis of deuteron disorder within the Bernal-Fowler rules. A reverse Monte Carlo modelling technique has been developed for use with single crystal diffuse scattering, and has allowed extensive information to be obtained about the structure of ice Ih.


The variability of the dust concentration in time and space, as well as the change of worker's place during the working process, define the necessity of introducing personal sampling in the hygiene control practice. However, the laboratory equipment with personal devices is still not sufficient. The aim of this work is to assess the dust exposure of the basic professional groups from the ore- and coal production in Bulgaria by personal sampling in comparative studies of the static ambient sampling used up to now. 63 full-shift investigations of the dust factor were performed on professional groups of miners of the polymetal and coal pits by static ambient devices-[Hygitest production] and personal [from firms "Casella", "Strolein" and "Gilian"] devices, after standardized methods. The results are data processed-by means of logarithmic normal distribution of the relation of the respirable dust concentrations, determined personally and by static ambient sampling. The limits of variation of this correlation are from 0.5 to 4.1 at average geometric value -0.95 and standard geometric deviation-1.8 i.e. both types of sampling are intersubstitutional for the examined groups and sites, as in the underground ores the professional risk of respirable dust is underestimated up to 4 times at static ambient sampling.


Summary Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) increases the in vitro release of growth hormone by normal pituitary glands. Growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors in rats are known to inhibit synthesis of growth hormone by the pituitary glands of the hosts. Studies were initiated to determine whether the tumors exerted their effects on the glands by a mechanism involving cyclic AMP. No difference in adenyl cyclase was found between the glands of tumor-bearing animals and those of normal animals. When adenyl cyclase was measured in the presence of 10 mm NaF, enzyme activity in both normal glands and glands of tumor animals was stimulated 500%. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in the glands of rats bearing hormone-secreting tumors was significantly greater than in control glands, but no differences in cyclic AMP levels were found in the glands. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP stimulated the in vitro release of newly synthesized growth hormone from glands of both normal and tumor-bearing animals. Similarly, the in vitro release of growth hormone by control glands and by glands of tumor animals was stimulated by the presence of 0.1 µm prostaglandin E 1 . It is concluded that growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumors exert their effects on the pituitary glands of the host animals by mechanisms that are independent of cyclic AMP production.


The prevention of preterm birth has been a principal area of research in obstetrics, because preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidities, and is considerable economic burden for the parents and social health systems. Recent clinical studies show that progesterone, generally known as a hormone associated with maintenance of pregnancy, can reduce preterm birth in some selected groups of women. This review presents recent clinical trials and meta-analysis regarding the use of progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in obstetrics. Further researches are required to determine whether there are other indications and how progesterone actually works, optimal progesterone type, mode of administration and dose for the prevention of preterm birth.


BACKGROUND
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was originally discovered as a product of tumors associated with hypercalcemia. Subsequent studies have demonstrated the widespread production of PTHrP in both fetal and adult tissues, among them the placenta, where it has been identified in amniotic epithelial cells and trophoblasts. However, studies of PTHrP production by the neoplastic placenta have not been reported.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We have studied placental cells and tissues for PTHrP by immunohistology, immunoassay, and the polymerase chain reaction. We studied normal placenta, placenta neoplasia, and placental cell lines grown in culture.

RESULTS
Our studies in abnormal placenta demonstrate that PTHrP is produced by chorioangioma, choriocarcinomas, and hydatidiform moles, indicating that PTHrP may be a marker for neoplasia of the placenta. Our studies in normal placenta demonstrate that PTHrP is produced by several placental cell types, including, syncytiotrophoblast, intermediate trophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts, and amniotic epithelium, suggesting an important role for this protein in several aspects of placental function. Cell lines derived from trophoblasts and amniotic epithelium also produced PTHrP and secreted it into culture medium. Polymerase chain reaction with PTHrP coding sequence primers demonstrated the appropriate polymerase chain reaction product in these placental cells.

CONCLUSIONS
The production of PTHrP by several normal and abnormal placental cell types is evidence for an important function for PTHrP in normal and neoplastic placenta.


Using self-determination theory as a framework, the purpose of this study was to test a structural model of hypothesized relationships among perceived need support from physical education teachers (autonomy support, competence support, and relatedness support), psychological need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), intrinsic motivation, and physical activity. Participants were 286 middle school students in the southeastern U.S. They completed previously validated questionnaires assessing their perceived need support from teachers, need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and physical activity. The hypothesized model demonstrated a good fit with the data (RMSEA = .08; CFI = .97; NFI = .96; GFI = .96). Need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation mediated the relationship between need support and physical activity. The constructs of perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness represent the nutriments that facilitate students' intrinsic motivation and ultimately positively predict student...


: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common condition, particularly in patients with α -synucleinopathies such as Parkinson ' s disease, and has a signi fi cant impact on activities of daily living and quality of life. Recent data suggest an association with cognitive impairment. Herein, we review the evidence that OH increases the odds of incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Potential mechanisms underlying the putative relationship are discussed, including cerebral hypoperfusion, supine hypertension, white matter hyperintensities, and neurodegeneration. Finally, we highlight the challenges with respect to treatment and the negative impact on the quality of life and long-term prognosis presented by the coexistence of OH and dementia. Large population-based studies have reported that OH is associated with about a 20% increased risk of dementia in the general population, while smaller cohort studies suggest an even greater effect in patients with α -synucleinopa-thies (3- to 7-fold higher than controls). Ultimately, OH exposure is dif fi cult to quantify, predominantly limited to pressure regulation during a one-time orthostatic challenge, and the causative association with dementia may turn out to be bidirectional, especially in α synucleinopathies. Early diagnosis and treatment of OH may improve long-term prognosis.


Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common adenoma in old men. Tomatoes are a rich source of bioactive compounds that, as well as selenium (Se), possess antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. The aim was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Se in combination with a tomato extract in aged rats with BPH. Aged male Wistar rats were divided in the following groups (n = 10 rats/group): Control (C), BPH, BPH + Finasteride (BPH + F), BPH + Tomato Lipidic Extract (BPH + E), BPH + Selenium (BPH + S) and BPH plus E plus S (BPH + E + S). After 4 weeks of treatment, prostate weight, diuresis, antioxidants enzymes, prooxidants and inflammatory markers, growth factors and androgens were determined. BPH + E + S reduced prostate weight by 59.29% and inhibited growth by 99.35% compared to BPH + F which only decreased weight and inhibited growth by 15.31% and 57.54%, respectively. Prooxidant markers were higher with BPH + F (49.4% higher vs. BPH), but BPH + E + S decreased these markers (94.27% vs. BPH) and increased antioxidant activity. Finally, diuresis was higher with the BPH + E + S combination and markers of inflammation and growth factors were significantly lower with respect to BPH + F. Our findings provide a beneficial and protective therapeutic option of E + S directed against androgens, oxidative stress and inflammation that regulates cell proliferation in the prostate gland.


NACCHO supports local public health agencies across the country in their efforts to implement smoke-free workplace ordinances in their communities. As the national voice of local public health, NACCHO also strives to strengthen and improve the health of our nation's communities through the tobacco prevention and control project. NACCHO provides a variety of tobacco-related tools and resources through its Web site (www.naccho.org), including the Tobacco Prevention and Control Learner's Guide; Smoke-free Policy Guidelines, a series of fact sheets co-authored by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) and the National Association of Local Board of Health (NALBOH); the Model Practices Database; Program and Funding Guidelines for Comprehensive Local Tobacco Control Programs, a document outlining the 7 components of a good tobacco control program; resources on social justice; NACCHO's Foundation Funding Guide, an online resource for local public health associations looking for grants from foundations; and links to other organizations. NACCHO also works to influence the development of integrated tobacco-related policy initiatives and their enforcement at the national and local level.Featured in this issue of the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice is an example of a success story of one of NACCHO's members in the area of smoke-free ordinances.


Excretion and transmission of CSFV after vaccination with the CSF subunit marker vaccine "Porcilis Pesti" have been studied using the following different vaccination schedules: Group A--two vaccinations with an interval of 28 d, challenge 14 d after second vaccination (p.v2.); group B--two vaccinations with an interval of 14 d, challenge 14 d later; group C--two vaccinations with an interval of 28 d, challenge at time of booster vaccination; group D--two vaccinations with an interval of 14 d, challenge 7 d p.v2.; group E--single vaccination and infection 14 d later. After infection one sentinel pig was added to the vaccinated and infected pigs of each group. A single vaccination did not induce protective immunity against a CSFV challenge. Double vaccination at a four-week interval protected piglets from clinical infection, and neither viraemia and leukopenia nor virus excretion were detected if infected 14 d p.v2. Two vaccinations at a two-week interval followed by a challenge 7 d p.v2. led to a short viraemia on day 5 p.i. but without excretion of CSFV. Though all other vaccination schedules induced a reduction in virus shedding and a decrease in CSFV replication, in all these cases in-contact controls became infected. The results of transmission of CSFV are discussed in relation to a potential use of subunit marker vaccines in CSF control.


The professors and advocates of osteopathy have recen'tly suffered in the open market the fall promised to a vaulting ambition. Not content with some degree of popular repute, and with grateful clients and a chorus, they must needs seek to persuade the House of Lords that they, and they alone, possess the true scientific basis for medical practice, and that legislative recognition is due to them and to their cult. They issued the challenge, selected the tribunal, presented their witnesses, and argued through Counsel learned in the law. Yet rarely can a chapter of boasted pretensions have suffered a more complete and ridiculous conclusion.


Magnetite thin film obtained from the hot alkaline nitrate blackening method has been utilized for the protection of steel substrate since the 1900s. Even though this conversion coating process has been around for decades, its application is still limited to corrosion resistance in the firearms and the fasteners industry. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature that systematically analyse the effect of the parameters involved in the blackening process. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the effect of varying the blackening bath's nitrate concentration, temperature and dwell time on the properties of the magnetite coating, especially that of wear resistance. In order to produce the magnetite coating, mild steel specimens were placed in a boiling solution made up of sodium hydroxide and sodium nitrate dissolved in water. The blackened specimens were then characterised using a battery of test; microstructure and composition analysis using a reflecting microscope and a scanning electron microscope, pin-on-disk test to analyse the wear resistance and tribological properties and corrosion resistance test using potentiodynamic polarization scanning. Consequently, it was found that the magnetite coating improves the wear resistance and corrosion properties of the steel substrate. In addition, the best magnetite coating is obtained using a blackening bath with a nitrate concentration between 25 % and 50 %, at a temperature of 140 °C and with a dwell time between 15 minutes and 30 minutes. Keywords— magnetite thin film; steel substrate; hot blackening; wear resistance; nitrate concentration; bath temperature; dwell time


Residual statics corrections can be formulated as a linear inverse problem. Usually, solving this problem involves a large ill-posed matrix inverse calculation. Therefore, a fast algorithm that can handle the ill-posed problem is needed in practice. In this paper, the least-squares QR factorization (LSQR), based on Lanczos and QR factorization, is presented. This method works on rectangular matrix and is a rapidly converging and stable algorithm for the ill-posed problem.


Measurement of T2G, the Gaussian component of the spin-echo envelope of planar Cu nuclei in high-temperature superconductors, gives important information about the real part of the Cu electron spin susceptibility. In the traditional picture of the planar Cu echo decay, the internuclear coupling is assumed to remain static with respect to spin-lattice relaxation and mutual exchange fluctuations. In some circumstances, however, this assumption breaks down. We calculate the internuclear corrections arising from spin-lattice relaxation to the conventional theory of T2G and show that T2G can be easily corrected for these effects. We argue that mutual exchanges due to the perpendicular indirect couplings are suppressed in these materials. For YBa2Cu4O8, we find a correction on the order of 10% in T2g and using the corrected values we find that the isotope ration 63T2G/65T2G agrees with theory.


BACKGROUND
Modern biomonitoring has expanded beyond its origins in occupational medicine to cover a wide variety of diagnostic procedures and assessments of environmental pollution, ranging from exposure to heavy metals and chemicals to the effects of pesticides and environmental tobacco smoke. In biomonitoring, the overall pollutant load and hazardous exposure of an organism is quantitatively determined, by monitoring the pollutants themselves, their metabolic products and/or conjugates with protein or DNA, in either serum, urine or other body fluids, as well as tissue samples in exceptional circumstances.

METHODS
A selective survey of the current literature is exemplified by our recent scientific and clinical experience.

RESULTS
Biomonitoring is an excellent way to monitor potentially hazardous substances, especially for the assessment of systemic uptake from chronic exposure and the evaluation of subsequent health risks. Investigative biomonitoring can highlight incidental/accidental intoxication in individuals and provide new categories of problematic pollutants relevant to the general population.

CONCLUSIONS
In combination with diagnostic procedures, biomonitoring provides an important contribution to the rational assessment of currently recorded pollutants and resulting health risks. It is as an evaluation tool available in daily practice as well as in health and environmental research applications. Legislation is already implemented that incorporates biomonitoring within the remit of specified occupational health screening.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the destruction of alveolar tissue (in emphysema) and airway remodeling (leading to chronic bronchitis) which cause difficulties in breathing. It is a growing public health concern with few therapeutic options that can reverse disease progression or mortality. This is in part because current treatments mainly focus on ameliorating symptoms induced by inflammatory pathways as opposed to curing disease. Hence, emerging research focused on upstream pathways are likely to be beneficial in the development of efficient therapeutics to address the root causes of disease. Some of these pathways include mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal structure and maintenance, and airway hydration, which are all affected by toxins that contribute to COPD. Because of the complexity of COPD and unknown targets for disease onset, simpler model organisms have proven to be useful tools in identifying disease-relevant pathways and targets. This review summarizes COPD pathology, current treatments, and therapeutic discovery research, with a focus on the aforementioned pathways that can advance the therapeutic landscape of COPD.


The most important aspect of automatic driving and traffic surveillance is vehicle detection. In addition, poor road conditions caused by potholes are the cause of traffic accidents and vehicle damage. The proposed work uses deep learning models. The proposed method can detect vehicles and potholes using images. The faster region-based convolutional neural network (CNN) and the inception network V2 model are used to implement the model. The proposed work compares the performance, accuracy numbers, detection time, and advantages and disadvantages of the faster region-based convolution neural network (Faster R-CNN) with single shot detector (SSD) and you only look once (YOLO) algorithms. The proposed method shows good progress than the existing methods such as SSD and YOLO. The measure of performance evaluation is Accuracy. The proposed method shows an improvement of 5% once compared with the previous methods such as SSD and YOLO.


Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) seeds are obtained as byproducts of the processing of sour cherries into processed foods. Sour cherry kernel oil (SCKO) contains n-3 PUFAs, which may provide an alternative to marine food products. In this study, SCKO was encapsulated by complex coacervates, and the characterization and in vitro bioaccessibility of encapsulated SCKO were investigated. Complex coacervates were prepared by whey protein concentrate (WPC) in combination with two different wall materials, maltodextrin (MD) and trehalose (TH). Gum Arabic (GA) was added to the final coacervate formulations to maintain droplet stability in the liquid phase. The oxidative stability of encapsulated SCKO was improved by drying on complex coacervate dispersions via freeze-drying and spray-drying. The optimum encapsulation efficiency (EE) was obtained for the sample 1% SCKO encapsulated with 3:1 MD/WPC ratio, followed by the 3:1 TH/WPC mixture containing 2% oil, while the sample with 4:1 TH/WPC containing 2% oil had the lowest EE. In comparison with freeze-dried coacervates containing 1% SCKO, spray-dried ones demonstrated higher EE and improved oxidative stability. It was also shown that TH could be a good alternative to MD when preparing complex coacervates with polysaccharide/protein networks.


The K-electron-capture probabilities to the 437 and 384 keV levels in the decay of 133Ba have been determined from a measurement of gamma-ray intensities in conjunction with an analysis of the K X-ray-gamma-ray sum peaks. The results are independent of fluorescence yield and detector efficiency.


Climate change is directly or indirectly affecting cities, regions or even nations in multiple ways. Impacts are exponential and repetitive with increased instability of climate pattern, socio-ecological systems, increased inequalities and distribution of resources. It is therefore necessary that social and economic hubs and potential resource rich region should become the catalyst that encourages the focus on climate change policies. Despite having various international and national climate change frameworks and forums it is unclear how international, national and even local governments develop response actions to climate concerns and integrate them into different spatial scales. Developing and mainstreaming effective response actions to climate change into numerous sectors, cross-sectoral policies is a complex issue which has plagued policy makers at different spatial scales and on different policy arenas. In order to efficiently integrate and sensitizing society towards climate change issues, decision makers and different stakeholders have to develop insightful information bases, share awareness of climate change risks, vulnerability patterns and finally develop response actions at all level of policy preparation through policy integration, implementation or structural reforms.
This study contributes towards understanding climate change risks and perception within spatial planning policies at local level. This has been undertaken by investigating, testing or developing real spatial planning policies, vulnerability assessment frameworks and decision support systems that aim to improve current spatial planning tools intended at building climate resilient living spaces. This study was divided into three main stages 1) To develop and test an assessment framework to track integration of climate change issues into spatial planning, 2) To identify hot spots of climate change at urban/regional levels by applying spatial vulnerability assessment tools and 3) To apply eco-system based adaption responses to climate change in an urban region and identifying barriers. Drawing the case study from India, in the first stage, an attempt was made to understand how spatial plans in India are incorporating climate change issues and identifying potential gaps. Spatial plans across various cities in India were examined with the help of a review framework that was developed upon Moser and Loer's (2008) work on ''Managing climate risks''. The second stage presents a climate change vulnerability assessment framework and its working methodology at local spatial scale, considering three main components: exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The vulnerability assessment framework was applied to an urban area in India, namely, Bangalore and a hill district of Eastern Himalaya namely Darjeeling. In the final stage of this study, ecosystem services based adaptation responses within spatial planning was studies to understand how it can increase adaptive capacity and address climate changes issues.
The results of this study identified key concerns to climate change issues and its integration in India. The policy analysis shows that the role of spatial plans to integrate climate change issues at local levels like urban areas and regions in India are still limited. Local policies and spatial plans shows low level of awareness, moderate level of analytical capability and limited action responses to integrate climate change issues at local level. Spatial policies in India are still limited to physical and economic issues and undermine the issues of climate change. The application of vulnerability assessment framework demonstrated that it successfully provided a spatial assessment of climate change vulnerability patterns. The spatial pattern of vulnerability identifies areas requiring urgent attention to adaptation action, enabling policy intervention and prioritizing action. At the same time an analysis of the perception of people also confirmed the results of vulnerability assessment at local level. Finally the results showed how ecosystem services based response actions when applied within spatial planning can play an important role to mitigate the effects of climate change and adapt to local climate concerns with least negative repercussions. The findings of this study creates a platform for discussion on decision making process and the potential aspects where climate change issues can become a part of spatial planning policy. Climate change mitigation and adaptation for short terms may fulfill objectives for current climate scenarios but may impose externalities in future. So, policy makers and local development organization need to carefully narrate future climate resilient scenarios. This study is the reflection of the interrelationship between the existing information bases, knowledge gaps, policy preparation practices, analytical capability, participation and technological innovation in climate change integration at local spatial scale.


Soils are a sink for sulfidised-silver nanoparticles (Ag2S-NPs), yet there are limited ecotoxicity data for their effects on microbial communities. Conventional toxicity tests typically target a single test species or function, which does not reflect the broader community response. Using a combination of quantitative PCR, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methods, we have developed a new approach to calculate silver-based NP toxicity thresholds (HCx, hazardous concentrations) that are protective of specific members (operational taxonomic units, OTUs) of the soil microbial community. At the HC20 (80% of species protected), soil OTUs were significantly less sensitive to Ag2S-NPs compared to AgNPs and Ag+ (5.9, 1.4 and 1.4 mg Ag kg-1, respectively). However at more conservative HC values, there were no significant differences. These trends in OTU responses matched with those seen in a specific microbial function (rate of nitrification) and amoA-bacteria gene abundance. This study provides a novel molecular-based framework for quantifying the effect of a toxicant on whole soil microbial communities while still determining sensitive genera/species. Methods and results described here provide a benchmark for microbial community ecotoxicological studies and we recommend that future revisions of Soil Quality Guidelines for AgNPs and other such toxicants consider this approach.


Usage of wireless sensor network is increasing and becoming cost effective nowadays. Many real time applications are using this network system. One such application is monitoring a highway or railway bridges which plays an important role in transportation. Many bridges in world collapse due to some internal and external factors, those factors must be monitored in order to avoid this collapse. This paper proposes automatic bridge monitoring system using wireless sensor networks. The proposed system consists of three sensors to monitor the bridge condition continuously i.e. accelerometer to detect the jerks in the bridge or in pillar, flex sensor to detect the bend or orientation in the bridge, load cell to detect the overload on the bridge. This data from the sensors will be processed by controller and is transferred to the receiver node at the management center using the transmitter node at the transmitter end whenever the fault occurs. RF module is used as a wireless node in our work. At the receiver side raspberry pi is used to monitor the received data which can also store the database in it. Through the GSM an alert message is also sent to the operator about the fault occurred in the bridge. The proposed system can be used efficiently with low cost.


Directed screening of compounds selected from the Glaxo registry file for contractile activity on the isolated guinea pig gallbladder (GPGB) identified a series of 1,5-benzodiazepines with peripheral cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor agonist activity. Agonist efficacy within this series was modulated by variation of substituents on the N1-anilinoacetamide moiety. Remarkably, a single methyl group confers agonist activity, with an N-isopropyl substituent providing optimal efficacy. Hydrophilic substituents on the anilino nitrogen abolish agonist activity or produce antagonists of CCK. In contrast, hydrophilic electron-donating groups at the para-position of the anilino ring enhance or maintain in vitro and in vivo agonist activity. Despite decreased affinity for the human CCK-A receptor, relative to CCK-8, some of these compounds are equipotent to CCK as anorectic agents in rats following intraperitoneal administration.


In this article, the first work of famous Russian author, Dostoyevsky`s novel ofPoor Folk is tried to be analyzed. The effect of thepreparatoryprocess of theworkandlivingconditions of theauthor on theprocess of writing isstudiedandthenthefactorsbehindtheworkwhichbringsoutremarkablyrapidfame is questioned. It is thefactthat Russian realismdevelopsduringthe XIX. centuryand in thisessaythetraces of the Russian realismthat is seen in thenovel is analysed. Inthefirstnovel of theauthorPoor Folk,poorpeoplecharacter, thetypicalcharacter of theera, is studiedbyitsfunctionandrelation in thenovel, also at whataspectsdivergedfromitspredecessors is questioned. Thefirstsociologicalnovel of Russian literature, Poor Folk, is analyzedthoughthework – basedanalysismethod.


An integrated system for oxygen recovery from carbon dioxide was investigated as a breadboard laboratory model of nominal 1/2-man capacity. System design for carbon dioxide reduction was based on alternate operation of two Bosch reactors with periodic cool down for removal of carbon and replenishment of catalyst. Experimental studies demonstrated attainment of the design objectives of a carbon-to-catalyst ratio above 20 and an overall carbon-packing density of 0. 45 g/cm3 in the catalyst chamber. Degradation of Bosch reactor materials during extended operation was a problem that was not completely resolved. Experimental studies indicated that a regenerable solid-adsorbent based on combinations of silica gel and molecular sieve operating on alternate cycles of atsorption and desorption can be used for efficient transfer of water vapor from the Bosch recycle gas to a water-vapor electrolysis cell. The original matrix-type watervapor electrolysis unit with Pd-2SAg hydrogen diffusion cathodes did not perform satisfactorily and was replaced by a water-vapor electrolysis unit with phosphoric acid electrolyte for satisfactory evaluation of water-vapor transfer for the integrated system.


Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration on the tear film break-up time and the quality of patients life. Methods. This was a questionaire study among 50-70 years patients with glaucoma (40 patients) and age-related macular degeneration (40 patients) of MA LUHS Clinic of the Eye Diseases between the years 2010 and 2011. Questionaire of ocular surface diseases (OSDI) and glaucoma symptoms scale (OSSG) were used. Data was analysed using SPSS Statistics 17.0. P values less than 0,05 were considered as statistically significant. Rezults. More pronounced dry eye syptoms are observed in glaucoma group patients. In daily activities (reading, driving, using a computer, watching TV) problems related to eyes most of the time limited AMD patients than glaucoma patiens. BUT is significantly longer in patients with AMD (8,8 sec.) than in glaucoma patients (3,5 sec.). Conlusions. Life quality in glaucoma patients is negatively affected because of the decreased tear break-up time and dry-eye symptoms. Life quality in age-related macular degeneration patients in negatively affected because of the general vision impairment. Glaucoma has a greater influence on the decreased tear break-up time. Article in Lithuanian doi:10.5200/sm-hs.2012.014


A mesmerizing journey into the musical world of Australia's Aboriginal people. Aboriginal musicians receive songs both from an eternal realm known as 'The Dreaming' and from the ghosts of deceased ancestors. 'Songs, Dreamings, and Ghosts' is the first book-length study of wangga, a musical and ceremonial genre of Aboriginal people of the Daly region of northern Australia. This work is a labor of love, the culmination of nearly twenty years of field-work and research by renowned ethnomusicologist Allan Marett, and represents the only comprehensive documentation of a single major genre of Aboriginal music. With firsthand, in-depth knowledge of northwest Australia's Aboriginal cultures, Marett provides the reader with a penetrating description and analysis of this compelling musical practice. This book makes a significant contribution to knowledge of Aboriginal studies and provides a rare glimpse into relatively unknown traditions and cultures. It includes illustrations, musical examples, and a CD loaded with samples of this fascinating music, closely linked to the text.


History and Objectives: Due to the prevalence of otitis media among children and Due to the importance of diagnosis with tympanometry among these patients and since various reports imply different results obtained from the instrument and in order to assess the diagnostic power of the instrument among patients with otitis media with fluid, the present investigation was carried out on patients referred to the Taleghani hospital in Tehran in 1996. Materials and Methods: A diagnostic clinical trial was carried out on patients suspected of the disease and diagnosed with tympanometry model AZ-7 (Intra-acustic, Denmark). Projects importance was explained to the patients and written consent was obtained. Tympanometry was again performed before surgery without N2O administration. During the anesthesia mirenectomy was performed. Final diagnosis was based on the observation of fluid and it's the positive predictive value. Results: The study was carried out on 18 individuals (9 females and 9 males) with mean age of 8.2±3.1 years and overall 33 ears were examined. During operation in 7 cases (21.2%) no fluid was observed and in 26 ears fluid was observed and in 3 cases (11.5%) serous fluid was detected and in 23 of cases (88.5%) glue was observed. The positive predictive value of tympanometer was 79%. Conclusion: Due to the presence of the false positive cases and well-known side effects of myringodectomy, the use of tympanometry in diagnosis of OME is not suggested. Further research is suggested.


Credit risk is a result of the loan business of commercial banks. The definition of credit risk, on the one hand, refers to the uncertainty of whether borrowers can keep servicing the loans or not; On the other hand, it refers to the possibility of bank crisis due to the formation of a large number of non-performing loans. Commercial bank is a kind of enterprise which pursuing maximum profit is its ultimate goal. Credit business is the core business of commercial banks, and credit assets account for quite a large proportion of total assets, therefore, the size of the credit risk of a commercial bank has a close relationship with its normal operation.


The alcohol/drugs phenomenon that was treated under the law with a punitive-repressive, whose central idea is that users, as a penalty, shall be bound and sent for recovery houses, therapeutic communities and health services. The objective of this study is understand the process of constructing meaning of users referred by the Justice to the CAPSad with three parameters: How to nominate? How to explain? As a stand? The study is qualitative, based on the methodology of Social Constructionism. The method used was of open interviews. It was interviewed 10 individuals referred to treatment by the courts to CAPSad. The analysis was performed using the Association of Ideas Map. The results were organized by themes: Naming the treatment - narratives characterized by affective tone using personal values such as joy and hope; Explaining the treatment - initial fear and insecurity changed during the process giving rise to learning; Positioning - perception and attitude changed towards the Justice's referral. It is concluded that the repertories revealed unique learning and knowledge building, producing changes on perception, daily lives as well as personal ability in dealing with chemical dependency.


1. IntroductionAs is traditional in a pertubation theory of nonlinear differential equations,the behavior of solutions of a perturbed equation is determined in terms ofthe behavior of solutions of an unperturbed equation. Using the variation ofconstants formula and the integral inequalities, we study the qualitative behaviorof the solutions of perturbed nonlinear system of differential equations:Pinto [13] introduced


This paper deals with the generation, measurement and control of micro liquid droplet jet in water. In connection with the development of a lipid membrane biosensor device for underground water pollution, a method of working liquid behavior of micro droplet jet have been investigated by method of flow visualization. Experimental results show that the behavior of micro droplet is controllable by changing the driven pressure and the duration time of jet ejection. It is feasible to transport the working liquid to a given place by arranging the relative position according to the trajectory of droplet jet.


Human-aided computing proposes using information measured directly from the human brain in order to perform useful tasks. In this paper, we extend this idea by fusing computer vision-based processing and processing done by the human brain in order to build more effective object categorization systems. Specifically, we use an electroencephalograph (EEG) device to measure the subconscious cognitive processing that occurs in the brain as users see images, even when they are not trying to explicitly classify them. We present a novel framework that combines a discriminative visual category recognition system based on the pyramid match kernel (PMK) with information derived from EEG measurements as users view images. We propose a fast convex kernel alignment algorithm to effectively combine the two sources of information. Our approach is validated with experiments using real-world data, where we show significant gains in classification accuracy. We analyze the properties of this information fusion method by examining the relative contributions of the two modalities, the errors arising from each source, and the stability of the combination in repeated experiments.


We describe the development of a robust, self-sustainable, versatile environmental monitoring station, the S3ME2, with a multitude of sensors capable of operating in extreme environments (from cold arid sub-arctic regions to hot deserts and high-altitude mountain terrains), providing realtime quality data of critical climate and geophysical parameters for a wide field of research such as pressure, surface and subsurface temperature and humidity, magnetic field and seismic activity. The dedicated communication modem utilizes IoT technology and can deliver this data from remote regions. The S3ME2 has been designed as a low-cost instrument to facilitate the production of multiple units. During the pilot phase, it has demonstrated continuous operability for up to 6 months, including survival during extremely cold, snowy, and low insolation, and low wind periods in the Sub-Arctic region. With its robust design, S3ME2 exploits the use of renewable sources of energy such as solar and wind power to power the system. The S3ME2 has also been designed from a modular point of view with commercial off the shelf components (COTS) and open source hardware, considering long term operability of the station. The sensor modules can be easily added, replaced, or upgraded such that a stable functioning of the system is guaranteed.


The composition of binary and ternary eutectics of homologous, nematic p,p′-disubstituted benzylideneanilines, the specifically staggered arrangement of molecules in crystals of anisaldazine-. ρ,ρ'-azodiphenetole and p-azoxyanisole, and NMR-investigations in p,p′-di-n-hexyloxyazoxybenzene lead to the suggestion that, under certain circumstances, nematic liquid crystals can enter into a short range order consisting not of individual molecules but of molecular strands of different lengths, each built up of three individual molecular chains having probably a head-to-tail sequence and turned by 180° with respect to each other. We designate such a liquid crystalline state of order as a nematic secondary structure.


UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to compare the results of ECG exercise test performed before and after oral administration of nitroglycerine (NTG) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and patients with typical chest pain without any changes in coronary arteriography--syndrome X. We examined 98 patients with typical chest pain, positive result of ECG exercise test, then accordingly to results of coronary arteries assessed with coronary arteriography, patients (pts.) were divided into two groups: group 1--35 pts. without any changes in coronary arteriography--syndrome X, and group 2--48 pts. with significant stenosis present in one or more coronary vessels. Each patient underwent two ECG exercise tests: first without any medication and second performed average 30 minutes after first test, and 5 min after oral administration of 1 table of nitroglycerine. During both tests the following parameters were evaluated: test duration, presence of chest pain, max. ST-T changes, heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP).

RESULTS
In group 1 after NTG time of test duration had shortened from 5.9 +/- 0.4 min to 5.7 +/- 0.6 min. We also observed an increase in max. ST-T complex depression (2.2 +/- 0.5 mm vs 2.4 +/- 0.4 mm) but these differences were not statistically significant. In CAD group, duration of test after NTG was longer (6.2 +/- 1 vs 7.4 +/- 1.2), and normalization of max. ST-T complex depressions (2.7 +/- 0.5 vs 2.0 +/- 0.3 mm) was observed p < 0.01.

CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that ECG exercise test with NTG may be useful in differentiation of patients with syndrome X and patients with typical coronary artery disease.


The title compound, C4H6N2S3, has two very similar molecules per asymmetric unit. The nine non-H atoms in each molecule are coplanar, both having comparable r.m.s. deviations of 0.002 Å. The main interest in the rather simple structure resides in a survey of very weak (in some cases, borderline) non-bonding interactions of various kinds, viz. S⋯S, C—H⋯π, π–π [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8958 (13) Å] and C—S⋯π [3.7271 (11) Å], which act as the major driving force for the arrangement of molecules in the structure. The role of long, though highly directional, S⋯S contacts (d > 3.60 Å), and their relevance to the stability of the structure is discussed.


We study the fully discrete elliptic integrable model Q4 and its immediate trigonometric and rational counterparts (Q3, Q2, and Q1). Singular boundary problems for these equations are systematized in the framework of global singularity analysis. We introduce a technique to obtain solutions of such problems, in particular, constructing the exact solution on a regular singularity-bounded strip. The solution technique is based on the multidimensional consistency and uses new insights into these equations related to the singularity structure in multidimensions and the identification of an associated tau-function. The obtained special solutions can be identified with open boundary problems of the associated Toda-type systems, and have interesting application to the construction of periodic solutions.