Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is an important method of heavy oil production, and the solvent vapor extraction (VAPEX) process is also an economically feasible, technically reliable, and environmentally friendly in situ heavy oil recovery method. In this paper, a microscopic visual flooding device was used to conduct seven groups of visual flooding experiments, including hot water, steam, liquid solvent and vapor solvent, at different temperatures. It can be directly observed that the residual oil in the hot water swept area is generally distributed in "spots", "strips" and "clusters" of varying sizes. The residual oil after steam flooding generally has a "cluster" distribution, the residual oil after liquid solvent flooding has a "film" distribution, and there is only a little "spot" residual oil distributed after solvent vapor flooding. Additionally, we found that the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency of hot water, steam and solvent increase with increasing temperature, and the sweep efficiency of hot water is higher than that of steam and liquid solvent. Vapor solvent has the greatest recovery factor, reaching approximately 90%. The experimental results hint at the future development trend of solvent injection and support the foundation of more general applications pertaining to the sustainable production of unconventional petroleum resources.


The shareholder democracy phenomenon is becoming increasingly successful all over the world. This article proposes a description of shareholder activism on the Canadian market since its beginning, at least 15 years ago. First of all, the conceptual framework is based on the conflict of interest opposing on the one hand executive officers and shareholders, and on the other, the controlling shareholders and the minority shareholders. Then, using the SHARE database, the characteristics of Canadian activism are assessed, which has notably been set apart by the presence of a pioneer activist, in this case an association for minority shareholders, MEDAC which targeted banks. Finally, although the phenomenon is an emerging one, the proposals of activists have been rather successful, which can be seen through the high percentage of resolution votes, thus contributing to curbing the behavior of the targeted firms when it comes to some firm governance issues.


This work presents internal dosimetry estimates for diagnostic procedures performed for thyroid disorders by relevant radiopharmaceuticals. The organ doses for 131Iodine, 123Iodine and 99mTc incorporated into the body were calculated for the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reference voxel phantoms using the Monte Carlo transport method. A comparison between different thyroid uptakes of iodine in the range of 0–55% was made, and the effect of various techniques for administration of 99mTc on organ doses was studied. To investigate the necessity of calculating organ dose from all source regions, the major source organ and its contribution to total dose were specified for each target organ. Moreover, we compared effective dose in ICRP voxel phantoms with that in stylized phantoms. In our method, we directly calculated the organ dose without using the S values or SAFs, as is commonly done. Hence, a distribution of the absorbed dose to entire tissues was obtained. The chord length distributions (CLDs) were also computed for the selected source–target pairs to make comparison across the genders. The results showed that the S values for radionuclides in the thyroid are not sufficient for calculating the organ doses, especially for 123I and 99mTc. The thyroid and its neighboring organs receive a greater dose as thyroid uptake increases. Our comparisons also revealed an underestimation of organ doses reported for the stylized phantoms compared with the values based on the ICRP voxel phantoms in the uptake range of 5–55%, and an overestimation of absorbed dose by up to 2-fold for Iodine administration using blocking agent and for 99mTc incorporation.


The G6PC2 locus, encoding the catalytic subunit of the islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme, is an established risk locus for HbA1c and fasting glucose levels. A critical role of glycolytic flux in regulating glucagon secretion was established through manipulation of the activity and expression of the glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (GCK) which controls the setpoint for glucose-suppression of glucagon secretion (GSGS) . G6PC2 opposes the action of GCK by hydrolyzing glucose-6-phosphate back to glucose and creating a futile substrate cycle. Previous studies from germline and β-cell-specific G6PC2 null mice have demonstrated that G6PC2 ablation reduces glucose-6-phosphatase activity, glucose cycling, and glycolytic flux, resulting in a leftward shift of dose-response curve for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Through cell type specific chromatin accessibility maps of sorted human islet cells, we established that G6PC2 risk SNPs are in open chromatin regions in human α-cells, suggesting that they might not only affect β-cell but also α-cell expression of this critical gene. To test whether α-cell G6PC2 impacts glycemic control, we derived a new mouse line that induces ablation of the first three exons of G6PC2 after Cre activation – resulting in a null allele (G6pc2 loxP/loxP; Gcg-CreERT2; referred to as "α-G6PC2KO") . Assessment of glucagonemia during glucose tolerance tests revealed a decrease in glucagon levels in α-G6PC2KO mice relative to controls. Intriguingly, fasting blood glucose levels were significantly lower in α-G6PC2KO mice. α-G6PC2KO mice recovered more slowly from hypoglycemia during an insulin tolerance test, and presented lower glucagon levels relative to control mice following the insulin bolus. α-G6PC2KO islets secreted less glucagon relative to control islets when incubated in low-glucose media, independent of alterations in insulin secretion or islet hormone content. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the G6PC2 locus impacts glycemic control via its action in α-cells.

 V. Bahl: None. C. L. May: None. Human pancreas analysis program: n/a. K. H. Kaestner: None.


Recent reports suggest that 20 million people worldwide are regularly using khat as a stimulant, even though the habit of chewing khat is known to cause serious health issues. Historical evidence suggests khat use has existed since the 13th century in Ethiopia and the southwestern Arabian regions even before the cultivation and use of coffee. In the past three decades, its availability and use spread all over the world including the United States and Europe. Most of the consumers in the Western world are immigrant groups from Eastern Africa or the Middle East. The global transport and availability of khat has been enhanced by the development of synthetic forms of its active component. The World Health Organization considers khat a drug of abuse since it causes a range of health problems. However, it remains lawful in some countries. Khat use has long been a part of Yemeni culture and is used in virtually every social occasion. The main component of khat is cathinone, which is structurally and functionally similar to amphetamine and cocaine. Several studies have demonstrated that khat chewing has unfavorable cardiovascular effects. The effect on the myocardium could be explained by its effect on the heart rate, blood pressure, its vasomotor effect on the coronary vessels, and its amphetamine-like effects. However, its direct effect on the myocardium needs further elaboration. To date, there are few articles that contribute death among khat chewers to khat-induced heart failure. Further studies are needed to address the risk factors in khat chewers that may explain khat-induced cardiotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure.


Objectives
Family medicine plays an important role in quality of care (QoC) of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. This study's aim was to determine the quality of secondary cardiovascular disease prevention in the everyday practice of family physicians.

Design
This study was observational cross-sectional.

Setting
About 36 randomly selected family medicine practices stratified by size and location in Slovenia.

Participants
CHD patients randomly selected from a patient register available in family medicine practices.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The instrument for assessment of quality included a form for collecting data from medical records, a general practice assessment questionnaire and a patient questionnaire. QoC was defined by two composite variables, namely risk factor registration and CHD patient process of care, as the two care outcomes. In multivariate analysis, we performed multilevel regression analysis to identify the associations between QoC, the patient and the practice characteristics.

Results
The final sample included 423 CHD patients from 36 family medicine practices. Risk factor registration was associated with the practice organisation score (P = 0.004), practice size (P = 0.042), presence of comorbid atherosclerotic diseases (P = 0.043) and a lower age of CHD patients (P = 0.001). CHD patient process of care was associated with the practice organisation score (0.045) and a lower age of CHD patients (P = 0.035).

Conclusions
The most important factors affecting the quality of CHD patient care were linked to the organisational characteristics of the family medicine practices.


The authors report a case of Corynebacterium acnes osteitis in an 11 year old girl, involving the upper of the right tibia. The lesion resembled a malignant tumour radiologically and tuberculosis histologically. Scintigraphy revealed involvement of the seventh right rib. 3 months treatment with Pristinamycin resulted in cure.


Food waste primarily includes a smart potential if it's processed into organic liquid plant food rather throws away. the present analysis study deals with conversion of garbage generated from restaurants, wedding halls and hotels into organic liquid plant food through anaerobic method within the Cherlapally Industrial space for up service level benchmarks as thought-about by the Ministry of atmosphere and Forest. The garbage was processed in a very closed instrumentality together with adding of syrup in anaerobic conditions wherever once seventy two hours the garbage started changing into organic liquid plant food and a by-product as pulp. The NPK values were analyzed within the liquid plant food that show N-1.15 %, P-0.308% and K-zero.7% and in pulp N-0.39%, P-0.159% and K-0.51%. Pot culture experiments in triplicate were conducted to check the toxicity of the organic liquid plant food for seed germination. Liquid plant food includes a ton of benefits owing to simple method, cheap and no facet effects. The ensuing edges square measure terribly expected to fertilize crops, to keep up the steadiness of nutrient components within the soil and reducing the unhealthy impacts of chemical fertilizers. In adding up to a liquid plant food which will be sold within the market, liquid plant food will be used for agriculture purpose or within the premises for plantation. Keywords: Food waste, liquid fertilizer, service level benchmarks, manure. Cite this Article Vaibhav Trangadiya, Aman Tripathi. Liquid Fertilizer from Food Waste. Research & Reviews: Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2019; 8(1): 5–8p.


Literary translation is a veritable tool to mitigate the endangerment and imminent extinction of African indigenous languages and literature. Professor Pamela Smith has taken up the challenge to translate Ogún O̩mo̩dé written by Professor Akinwumi Is̩o̩la into Treasury of Childhood Memories among many others. Yorùbá literary critics, translation experts, and linguists are yet to scrutinize the literary translation techniques in the translated text. This study, therefore, examined the literary techniques adopted by the translator in the Target Language (TL).  The study employed a qualitative research design with a close reading and content analysis of both the Second Language (SL) and Target Language (TL) texts using the Hutardo' (2002, 498) model of literary techniques for data analysis.  The findings of the study showed that: the translator adopted many literary techniques that make the TL fascinating and pleasurable to readers, but the following techniques were more predominant, these are modulation; compression; elision/omission; linguistic amplification; borrowing, calque; compensation; adaptation; and particularization. The essay concluded that the translator's high level of bilingual and bicultural competence and the literary translation techniques adopted to make the contents of the source text easily transposed and rendered in impeccable English language in the TL.


Introduction
 Clonal selection is one of the mechanisms leading to therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (TRMN). A preexisting somatic mutation in hematopoietic stem cell (defined as clonal hematopoiesis [CH]) emerges under pressure of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, leading to TRMN development. Most of these mutations belong to the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway as TP53 or PPM1D mutations and are known to confer a dismal prognosis. Recently authorized for the treatment of ovarian cancers (OC), the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) represent a promising targeted therapy. However, by inducing DNA damage and altering DNA repair process, PARP inhibition could represent a challenge for the genetic stability of the healthy tissues. Thus, we assessed the effect of PARP inhibition on the development of CH and TRMN after PARPi treatment for OC (TRMN-PARPi) in combination with chemotherapies.
 Methods
 Firstly, we performed a targeted 77 genes mutational analysis using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in 13 patients exposed to PARPi without TRMN. Secondly, we retrospectively identified, with the help of the UNIHEM group of Unicancer, 17 patients who experienced TRMN-PARPi. Clinical, biological and survival data were collected and compared to 23 OC patients with TRMN not treated with PARPi (Gustave Roussy institutional database). Lastly, NGS was performed for 3 patients with TRMN-PARPi with sequential sampling. Patient's samples were obtained with informed consent.
 Results
 Thirteen OC patients during maintenance treatment with PARPi without TRMN were explored by NGS. Median age at NGS was 64.5 years old (yo) (40.5-75.3). 4/13 (31%) patients harbored BRCA1/2 germline mutation. Time between OC diagnosis and NGS was 4.3 y (1-11.6). The median number of chemotherapy line at PARPi initiation was 2 (1-3). 7 received Olaparib, 5 Niraparib and 1 Rucaparib. The median duration of PARPi treatment before NGS was 4.7 months (1.1-25.1). 12/13 patients experienced hematological toxicities during the PARPi treatment. CH was found in 10/13 (77%) patients (Figure 1a), including mutations of DDR genes in 8/10 (80%). 6/8 (75%) patients had 2 or more gene mutations.
 Next we identified 17 cases of TRMN occurring during or after PARPi administration for OC (6/17 [35%] t-AML and 11/17 [65%] t-MDS). 12/17 (71%) patients had BRCA germline mutations (7 BRCA1 and 5 BRCA2). All received Olaparib with a median dose of 600mg/d (400-1200). Median duration of Olaparib treatment was 1.7 years (0.2-4.6). TRMN-PARPi were described 1.4 months (0-10.9) after the end of PARPi administration.
 We compared these patients to a cohort of TRMN post OC not treated by PARPi. Number of therapy lines for OC, time between TRMN and OC diagnosis, median age at TRMN, were, for TRMN-PARPi, 2 (1-8), 5.9 y (0.9-20.8), 64.4 yo (46-74); respectively, compared to 3 (1-8), 4.9 y (1.7-36.9), 59.3 yo (35.7-85.7); (p=ns). TRMN-PARPi cytogenetic was unfavorable for 16/17 (94%) (including 11/17 [65%] complex karyotype) compared to 16/23 (70%) (11/23 [48%] complex karyotype). C Median survival was significantly lower in the TRMN-PARPi group 3.9 months 95%CI [2.0-9.7] and 6.1 months 95%CI [4.1-15.8] respectively, p=0.046, Fig 1b). However, median survival from OC diagnosis was not different between the two groups 6.2 y 95%CI [5.6-NA] for TRMN-PARPi vs 5.6 y 95%CI [5.0-11.6].
 NGS was available for 8/17 TRMN-PARPi and revealed mutations in DDR genes in 7/8 patients (6 patients with TP53 mutation, 2 with PPM1D mutation). For 3 patients, we had samples from OC stage, before PARPi administration. We found that mutations from TRMN stage were present at lower frequency, confirming clonal selection by PARPi treatment (Figure 1c).
 Conclusions
 Here we described, for the first time, a cohort of TRMN patients previously treated with PARPi for an OC. Intriguingly, most of these TRMN occurred with a short latency at the end of PARPi treatment, with unfavorable cytogenetic and very short OS. Moreover, we found a very high percentage of CH involved in the DDR pathway (62%) in patients under PARPi treatment without TRMN suggesting a potential clonal selection which could lead ultimately to TRMN. PARPi are now indicated in 1rst line high grade OC regardless of BRCA status, which should expand indications. Benefit for OC patients is not questionable; however, caution will be warranted for patients with CH before PARPi treatment, especially implicating DDR mutations.

 Etienne: Incyte: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.


Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Is a multipurpose cereal belonging to the family Poaceae and primarily grown for grain on more than 26 million ha in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa. The present investigation was carried out by taking 48 maintainer genotypes of pearl millet developed at CCSHAU, Hisar and of these, 29 belonged to A1, 11 to A4, six to A3, two each to A2 and DSA and one to Aegp sterile cytoplasm. The material was evaluated in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications in Kharif season of 2014 and D2 values were calculated as suggested by Mahalanobis, 1936. On the basis of nine quantitative characters, the 48 maintainer lines were grouped into 7 clusters in such a way that lines within each cluster had smaller D² value than those between clusters. Cluster pattern revealed that cluster 2 and cluster 4 had highest number of genotypes (10 each) followed by cluster 1 and cluster 3 (9 each). Maximum intra-cluster difference among the maintainer lines within the same cluster was shown by cluster 7 (4.498). Clusters 1 and 7 showed maximum inter-cluster distance of (7.421) whereas the lowest inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters 2 and 3 (3.742). The cluster means for the thirteen quantitative characters in pearl millet maintainer lines revealed considerable differences among all the clusters. For days to 50% flowering, highest mean value possessed by cluster 4 (49) and lowest mean value by cluster 1 (42). Spike length was the highest in cluster 7 (27.5) and lowest in cluster 1 (15.0). For spike girth, cluster 4 (2.39) divulged the highest mean value and cluster 6 (1.52) divulged the lowest mean value. Cluster 5 (3.52) also revealed the highest mean value for number of productive tillers/plant, whereas, cluster 1 had the lowest mean value (1.38).The crosses between the genotypes belonging to distantly located clusters are likely to produce good transgressive segregants and genotypes with higher mean values in a trait(s) can be used in crossing program to develop promising maintainer lines.


1. Inter-individual differences in trophic behaviour are considered important in the disruptive selection process for resource specialization and may represent an early phase in the evolution of polymorphism and adaptive radiation. Here, we provide evidence of high stability of individual trophic niches of a fish predator from a 15-year study. 2. Individual resource specialization was investigated by combining data from analyses of stomach contents (recent trophic niche), trophically transmitted parasites (long-term niche) and trophic morphology (niche adaptations) from single specimens of a postglacial fish (Arctic charr) population sampled from contrasting pelagic and littoral habitats. 3. Based on the relationships between morphology, parasites and diet, high inter-individual temporal consistency of narrow niches (zooplanktivorous vs. benthivorous) was evident through the ontogeny of the charr, indicating low degree of switching both in habitat utilization and feeding strategy of individual fish. Co-occurrence of differently specialized behavioural phenotypes was sustained over multiple generations. 4. The stable long-term habitat and feeding specializations may represent an important initial step in an adaptive radiation process, and our findings suggest a case of sympatric speciation into two incipient forms diverging along the littoral-pelagic resource axis.


Requirements of higher performance, reduced size, weight and cost of high-frequency (HF) devices has led to the search for new: materials, material combinations, methods, processes and production equipment. Efficient technologies for producing HF-circuits and integral passives are looked for. Also of interest are integrated packaging solutions for high frequency electrical packaging and optical interconnects and packaging. Sequentially build up multi-layers have been deposited on a low cost FR-4 epoxy substrate. The dielectric layers consist of a photo-patternable inorganic-organic hybrid polymer (ORMOCER) and the metallization is Cu. An UV-exposure equipment enabling projection patterning with 5 /spl mu/m resolution have been used. The produced microstrip lines, ring resonators, vias, stacked capacitors and filters have been characterized at frequencies from 1 to 40 GHz showing the potential of the new dielectric materials and processing technologies for microwave applications.


Abstract Background: Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PO) affecting a large fraction of elderly women, is triggered by the decline in 17β-estradiol (E2) level. Experimental studies in animal models and cell cultures have suggested that the fall in E2 might contribute to developing oxidative stress (OS) which in turn is believed to play an important role in PO pathogenesis. The scarcity of human studies focusing on this issue prompted us to investigate the effects of the reproductive and post-reproductive phase of women's life on OS and bone health. Methods: Serum parameters of oxidative challenge (lipid hydroperoxides and protein advanced oxidation products) and antioxidant defence (total serum antioxidants levels) along with bone mineral density (BMD) at femoral neck and lumbar spine were assessed in a sample of 191 women (98 pre- and 93 post-menopausal, of whom 30 osteoporotic). Results: Pearson's correlation analysis unveiled that spinal BMD was negatively correlated with lipid hydroperoxides in overall postmenopausal subsample (r=–0.251, p=0.012), while no significant link between these two variables was detected in women in reproductive age (r=–0.022, p=0.833). Noteworthy, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the association found in post-menopausal women retained significance after adjusting for potential confounding factors (p=0.001). Conclusions: Our data showed that markers of oxidative challenge are associated with bone loss in women in post-menopausal status. We suggest that menopause-related estrogen withdrawal might contribute to make bone more vulnerable to oxidative injury thereby increasing the risk of PO development.


If at least one of the members of a compact binary coalescence is charged, the inspiral of the two members would generate a Poynting flux with an increasing power, giving rise to a brief electromagnetic counterpart temporally associated with the chirp signal of the merger (with possibly a small temporal offset), which we term as the charged compact binary coalescence (cCBC) signal. We develop a general theory of cCBC for any mass and amount of charge for each member. Neutron stars (NSs), as spinning magnets, are guaranteed to be charged, so the cCBC signal should accompany all NS mergers. The cCBC signal is clean in a black hole (BH)–NS merger with a small mass ratio ( ), in which the NS plunges into the BH as a whole, and its luminosity/energy can reach that of a fast radio burst if the NS is Crab-like. The strength of the cCBC signal in Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral Systems is also estimated.


Regular dermatological examination for patients with dysplastic nevi is indicated. However, the literature on whether those patients should also be examined by ophthalmologists or not regarding a relation between suspicious lesions for ocular melanoma and cutaneous dysplastic nevi is limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the findings of a single ophthalmologic examination between the group of patients with multiple atypical nevi with at least one histopathologically proven dysplastic nevus and another group without atypical nevi. We examined the eyes of 110 patients with multiple atypical nevi with at least one histopathologically proven dysplastic nevus (47 had the diagnosis of dysplastic nevus syndrome type A, B, C, D1 or D2) for any lesion and compared the results with a control group consisted of 110 gender, age and skin‐type matched patients without atypical nevi no ocular melanoma was detected in any of the groups. The frequency of the conjunctival nevi, iris nevi, choroidal nevi and conjunctival acquired melanosis were similar in both groups. Iris freckles were detected more frequently in the study group. Conjunctival racial hyperpigmentation was detected more frequently in the control group (P < .05). In this study, any significant difference in the distribution of the ocular lesions with any risk of malignancy in the study and control groups was not observed. However, considering the limitations of the study, there may still be a need of regular ophthalmic examination for the patients with atypical nevi in case of having high risk factors for developing melanoma.


The note outlines the impact of three of the largest Bank-assisted social action funds in Sub-Saharan Africa, and the role the informatics component of each of these funds (Ethiopia, Malawi, and Zambia), played in the dynamics of project implementation. Lessons highlight the significance of informatics as a development tool, particularly in the design, and implementation of social funds. However, due to the diverse geographical nature of these social action funds, technical expertise was spread too thin at the regional levels, contributing to ineffective results in information technology, consequently with increased costs in time, and resources.


Objective A recommendation in March 2020 to expand hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening to all adults in the United States will likely increase the need for HCV treatment programs and guidance on how to provide this service for diverse populations. We evaluated a pharmacist-led HCV treatment program within a routine screening program in an urban safety-net health system in Chicago, Illinois. Methods We collected data on all patient treatment applications submitted from January 1, 2017, through June 30, 2019, and assessed outcomes of and patient retention in the treatment cascade. Results During the study period, 203 HCV treatment applications were submitted for 187 patients (>1 application could be submitted per patient): 49% (n = 91) were aged 55-64, 62% (n = 116) were male, 67% (n = 125) were Black, and 15% (n = 28) were Hispanic. Of the 203 HCV treatment applications, 87% (n = 176) of patients were approved for treatment, 91% (n = 161) of whom completed treatment. Of the 161 patients who completed treatment, 81% (n = 131) attended their sustained virologic response (SVR) follow-up visit, 98% (n = 129) of whom reached SVR. The largest drop in the treatment cascade was the 19% decline from receipt of treatment to SVR follow-up visit. Conclusion The pharmacist-led model for HCV treatment was effective in navigating patients through the treatment cascade and achieving SVR. Widespread implementation of pharmacist-led HCV treatment models may help to hasten progress toward 2030 HCV elimination goals.


The dangers arising from the French Revolution, an indigenous radical-republican movement and an Irish multi-faith nationalism persuaded the Pitt government from the outbreak of war in 1793 to consider new forms of state security. The process undertaken was pragmatic and the result was deliberately transitory. At the centre of developments was a phalanx of Christ Church-educated public servants, the most important of whom was William Wickham (1761-1840). Situated in a tiny sub-department of the Alien Office, Wickham's plan for an all-source centre of intelligence reached fruition during the great crisis of 1798-99. Contrary to received wisdom, this was not the result of a political policy that sought the development of a police state along French lines in Britain. Rather, it was a temporary wartime expedient which never lost sight of the values of traditional constitutional whiggism. With the Treaty of Amiens, the organisation was allowed to wither. The result was the unpreparedness of the Irish government for Robert Emmet's emeute of 1803. Wickham, ironically, as Chief Secretary for Ireland had to pick up the pieces. He resurrected his intelligence system in Dublin and, at the expense of his health and wellbeing, winkled out the last vestiges of revolutionary republicanism in Ireland. Wickham went into retirement and his vision of an all-source registry of intelligence was lost for another hundred years.


SUMMARY The Network Development and MARC Standards Office (NDMSO) at the Library of Congress contracted for a Functional Analysis of the MARC 21 Bibliographic and Holdings Formats, which is based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records model. This study has become a useful tool to analyze MARC data using the work, expression, manifestation, and item FRBR entities. Based on this study, the FRBR Display Tool was developed to transform bibliographic data found in MARC 21 record files into meaningful displays by grouping them into the work, expression, and manifestation FRBR entities. Based on XML technologies, the tool may be altered to meet the needs of individual institutions. The FRBR Display Tool illustrates how the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records may be used to provide useful and practical benefits to libraries and other institutions by providing enhanced displays of bibliographic records in their online catalogs. It also shows how the theoretical portion of the FRBR model can be used practically to allow librarians to evaluate the consistency of their local bibliographic data so that they may further help library users access information in their online catalogs.


Tetra- and hexa-hydro-4,7-methanoinden-1-ones and the analogous indacenediones (VIII)–(X) are formed stoicheiometrically by the title reaction or catalytically from acetylenes, norbornene derivatives, and carbon monoxide in the presence of octacarbonyldicobalt. The process leads stereoselectively to ketones of theexo-series and methyl or phenyl groups derived from the appropriate monosubstituted acetylenes are always found adjacent to the carbonyl group. The 1H n.m.r. spectra of the products are discussed and the use of an europium shift reagent together with spin decoupling is shown to allow clear distinction of the isomeric methanoindacenediones (VIII) and (IX).


Levosimendan has been used successfully in the treatment of ischaemic cardiac failure and myocardial stunning. There is growing evidence from both human and animal experiments that levosimendan has particularly favourable effects on the right ventricle. We describe a case of life-threatening pulmonary embolus supported by the use of levosimendan.


ABSTRACT This research explores strategies led by women´s grassroots organisations and discusses how they can offer opportunities for peacebuilding in frozen conflict settings such as Georgia and the breakaway territories of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. These conflicts are related to separatist aspirations which are based, on the surface, on ethnic differences. However, the precedent of inter-ethnic dialogue shows that there is not an inherent 'us-against-them' narrative separating Georgia from Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Therefore, it is possible to create alternative arenas for dialogue and mutual understanding among the parties. To this end, this study adopts a broad approach to peacebuilding as a process of social transformation of hostile attitudes and exclusive narratives. I argue that women-to-women diplomacy is a peacebuilding strategy with the potential to address the roots of polarisation by humanising the other and identifying common ground for cooperation and inter- ethnic dialogue. The empirical research based on the experiences of women's organisations in Georgia illustrates the contribution of women-to-women diplomacy to peacebuilding as an alternative platform for coalition building based on the common goal of achieving equal rights.


This paper shows that there are infinitely many twin primes through a focused analysis of twin primes whose last digits are 1 and 3. As a method, the original Infinite Game and Floor Line Arrangement are added to the refined one of Sieve of Eratosthenes. In the first section, we describe the extraction of twin prime numbers by the Sieve of Eratosthenes from the combination of natural numbers whose last digits are 1 and 3 and the numbers differ by 2. If such a twin prime number is finite, from some point all numbers are marked. In the second section, we use the Infinite Game, but what we do here is the same as the Sieve of Eratosthenes above, except for one point. The only exception is that we can choose where to mark regardless of the prime number. In the third section, we show that it is impossible to mark all numbers even when we artificially select a place to mark in the Infinite Game, by using the method of the Floor Line Arrangement. In the fourth section, we conclude that as a result, it is revealed that there are infinitely many twin prime numbers.


This article examines the expansion and underlying aims of structured parenting support in Norway. Norway's approach to parenting support differs from that of most other countries (Glavin and Schaffer, 2014), in supposedly being universal and offered to all parents (Eng et al., 2017). However, it is difficult to determine whether parenting support in Norway is actually unique, since little is known about how it is implemented in practice (Bråten and Sønsterudbråten, 2016; Wesseltoft-Rao et al., 2017). This article contributes further knowledge of how parenting support travels from national-level policy-making down to the level of municipal institutions where it is implemented. The analysis draws upon insights from a comprehensive case study in Bergen, Norway's second largest city, that included fieldwork observations and service mapping over a period of two years (2015–2017), a large number of in-depth interviews with various stakeholders, and analysis of relevant documents (advertisements, project applications and project reports, budgets, etc.).


Introduction. Digital technologies have become an integral part of the educational process in the modern world. The coronavirus pandemic accelerated their spread, allowed their new features to be tested, their advantages to be assessed and bottlenecks identified. It is thus relevant to develop regulatory measures to timely address the negative effects of global distance education and to take advantage of all its positive aspects. Methods. The study was conducted using regression analysis techniques. The monitoring data of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) for 2009, 2012 and 2018 were used as a source of information (The PISA 2018 survey is currently the most recent one). These data were used to investigate the impact of the spread of digital technologies on the education quality metrics (reading literacy and numeracy) of students aged 15–16. To assess the spread of digital technologies, the following metrics were applied: the time spent by students on the Internet in an educational institution (2012 and 2018), the number of personal computers per student (2009 and 2012) and the share of students having a PC or a laptop at home (2009, 2012 and 2018). The share of spending per student in total public expenditure (2009 and 2012) and the share of teachers who have completed professional development courses in the last 3 months (2018) were also used for the analysis. Results and Discussion. The regression models constructed reflected the dual impact of digital technology on the quality of education. On the one hand, the use of PCs and laptops contributed to the higher levels of literacy and numeracy of students; on the other hand, the time spent on the Internet in school and at home during the school week had a negative impact on these indicators. In addition, a significant positive impact of the share of government spending per student in GDP per capita and teacher qualifications on testing results was established. Conclusion. Digital technologies and new devices have radically changed modern education. They help students develop technological skills, use their learning gains and share their knowledge. However, it is important to take into account that the quality of education may deteriorate due to the impact of digital technologies and to take timely governmental regulatory measures to prevent this.


The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) Part II inspection reports, which disclose systemic quality control issues that auditors fail to remediate, signal poor audit quality for triennially inspected audit firms. Auditors that receive a Part II inspection report typically experience a decrease in clients, which demonstrates a general demand for audit quality. However, some companies hire auditors that receive Part II inspection reports. We examine potential reasons for hiring these audit firms. We find that relative to companies that switch to auditors without Part II reports, companies that switch to auditors with Part II reports have higher discretionary accruals in the first fiscal year after the switch, which indicates lower audit quality and a heightened risk for future fraud. We find no difference in audit fees. Our results suggest that PCAOB Part II inspection reports may signal low-quality auditors to companies that desire low-quality audits.
 Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.


Polycarbosilane (PCS) with highly crosslinked structure and high surface area was synthesized by the polycondensation reaction between trimethoxyvinylsilane and trichloromethylsilane. The reaction was conducted in the presence of sodium metal. Manganese ion was supported on PCS. The immobilization of transition metal ions to polymer support leads to a number of advantages over homogeneous catalyst, viz easy product recovery, increased selectivity, etc. The catalytic activity of PCS supported manganese ion was studied by considering three-component Mannich reaction. Reaction with diverse sets of aldehydes, amines, and ketones was examined. PCS-supported manganese ion catalyst has been prepared for the first time and used successfully in Mannich reaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013


Currently, organizations depend on their Information Systems and Technology Systems (IS/IT) functioning normally, as well as the innovative processes that can arise from them. However, the current performance of the CIO (Chief Information Officer) can be questioned when one contrasts his role as the one responsible for the administration of opportunities given by IS/IT, and the business value added by those technologies. In such a scenario, we pose the question of how the IS/IT professionals acquire articulated competencies and skills that prepare them for the CIO position. In order to elucidate an answer to our question, we interviewed professionals in the CIO position, and surveyed an array of prestigious graduate programs from the USA, European Union and Asia. The most relevant findings of our study report an operational view towards the CIO in the academic formation as well as in the roles that organizations assign to the professional.


Varicella is usually considered to be a benign disease in healthy children; however, serious complications can occur such as necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock syndrome. We describe a 38-month-old girl with necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome following varicella. She was previously healthy and vaccinated against varicella at 12 months of age. She had been diagnosed with varicella three days prior to presenting at our facility; she developed fever, vomiting, and painful swelling on her left flank. Her skin lesions worsened, she became lethargic, and had episodes of hypotension and coagulopathy. Necrotizing fasciitis on the left abdominal wall, buttocks, and left thigh was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, and group A Streptococcus was isolated from a tissue culture. She was diagnosed as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and successfully treated with repeated surgical debridement and fasciotomy, in addition to intensive antibiotics. Our experience suggests that necrotizing fasciitis in patients with varicella should be considered to be a rare complication even with widespread vaccine use. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment are required to prevent a fatal outcome.


Burying beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775) are known for their biparental care and monopolization of small vertebrate car casses in subterranean crypts. They have been the focus of intense behavioral ecological research since the 1980s and the New World fauna was taxonomically revised in the 1980s. Here, with new molecular, ecological, reproductive incompatability, and morphological data, we report the discovery that N. vespilloides in most of North America, except Alaska + Yukon + Northwest Territories, is not conspecific with Old World N. vespilloides. DNA barcode data split this species into two BINs, each shows different habitat preferences, most larvae from hybrid crosses fail to reach four days of age, and diagnostic characters were found on the epipleuron and metepisternum that help to sepa rate the species. The oldest available name for this other set of North American populations is Nicrophorus hebes Kirby, 1837, which we now treat as valid (new status). This study brings the New World total to 22 species for the genus, and given the rarity of N. hebes, and its tight association with wetlands, justifies further investigation into its conservation status.


Biopsies taken from vulvar lesions in 12 women affected by vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA) have been processed for immunohistological study. Activated (HLA-Dr+) T cells, associated with CD1a+ accessory cells, were found in the dermis in all cases, with architectural patterns varying in relation to the histological phase (early, well developed, old) of the lesion. Interestingly, the number of epidermal CD1a+ Langerhans cells (LCs) was increased in all cases, without any correlation with the amount of the dermal infiltrate and with the histological phase of the lesions. In fact, also in old lesions the number of epidermal CD1a+ LCs was increased, and the sparse dermal lymphoid cells showed a persistent HLA-Dr antigen expression. These data, indicating the persistent activation of epidermal antigen-presenting cells and lymphoid cells in all the evolutive phases of vulvar LSA, suggest a possible involvement of the skin immune system in the pathogenesis of LSA.


The authors present a model of the phonotactic and orthographic constraints of Australian and Standard Southern British English monosyllables. This model is used as the basis for a web-based psycholinguistic resource, the ARC Nonword Database, which contains 358,534 monosyllabic nonwords—48,534 pseudohomophones and 310,000 non-pseudohomophonic nonwords. Items can be selected from the ARC Nonword Database on the basis of a wide variety of properties known or suspected to be of theoretical importance for the investigation of reading.


Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL

Purpose: Bone and soft tissue sarcomas frequently occur in young children and show aggressive progression, resistance to conventional chemotherapy and poor prognosis, indicating a requirement for novel antitumor therapy to improve the clinical outcome. Tumor-specific replication-selective oncolytic virotherapy is a promising antitumor therapy for induction of cell death in tumor, but not of normal, cells. We previously developed an oncolytic adenovirus, OBP-301, that kills human epithelial malignant cells in a telomerase-dependent manner. Recent evidence suggests that non-epithelial malignant cells, which have low telomerase activity, maintain telomere length through alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). However, it remains unclear if OBP-301 is cytopathic for non-epithelial malignant cells. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effect of OBP-301 on human bone and soft tissue sarcoma cells.

Experimental Design: The cytopathic activity of OBP-301, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) expression, and telomerase activity were examined in 10 bones (OST, U2OS, HOS, HuO9, MNNG/HOS, SaOS-2, NOS-2, NOS-10, NDCS-1 and OUMS-27) and in 4 soft tissue (CCS, NMS-2, SYO-1 and NMFH-1) sarcoma cell lines. OBP-301 antitumor effects were assessed using orthotopic tumor xenograft models. The fiber-modified-OBP-301, (OBP-405), was used to confirm an antitumor effect on OBP-301-resistant sarcomas.

Results: OBP-301 was cytopathic for 12 sarcoma cell lines but not for the non-CAR-expressing OUMS-27 and NMFH-1 cells. Sensitivity to OBP-301 was dependent on CAR expression, not on telomerase activity. ALT-type sarcomas were also sensitive to OBP-301 because of upregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA following virus infection. Intratumoral injection of OBP-301 significantly suppressed the growth of OST and SYO-1 tumors. Furthermore, fiber-modified OBP-405 showed antitumor effects on OBP-301-resistant OUMS-27 and NMFH-1 cells.

Conclusions: We showed that OBP-301 has antitumor effects on both non-ALT-type and ALT-type sarcoma cells through upregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA. Furthermore, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor-negative sarcoma cells were efficiently killed by fiber-modified OBP-301-derived-OBP-405 through virus-integrin binding. A telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus is a promising antitumor reagent for the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5415


For more than three thousand years of recorded history, human beings have been struggling to understand the epidemic - the rapid spread of a contagious disease throughout a human population. This book draws on an extensive list of primary texts to present a comprehensive history of epidemiological thought over the last three millennia. The book is primarily concerned with the human experience of epidemic disease and the various means through which this experience has been conceptualized and communicated. The discussion begins with the writers of antiquity, and Part I examines the religious, mythological and philosophical paradigms that ancient peoples used to comprehend and interpret epidemic disease. This dogmatic approach to the nature of disease is traced from Greco-Roman times to the present. Gradually, many people came to interpret the epidemic experience as a natural phenomenon rather than an instrument of divine purpose. The important transition from an emphasis on received doctrine to one on direct experience is the focus of Part II. Famous historical documents, such as Thucydides description of the plague of Athens in 430 B.C.E and Giovanni Boccaccio's description of the Black Death in The Decameron, are used to illuminate this transition. The systematic examination of biomedical phenomena that began in the seventeenth century and has developed into the complex field of modern medicine is the focus of Part III. Finally, Part IV considers the ways in which epidemic disease has been treated in various works of literature. The discussion includes factual eyewitness accounts as well as such popular works of fiction as Sinclair Lewis' Arrowsmith and Albert Camus' The Plague. In surveying human responses to endemic disease, the book relates three sub-genres of epidemiological writing to one another: the encyclopedia, the intellectual history, and the biographical collection. In all, this work covers one dozen illnesses, more than thirty select authors, and nearly fifty primary works.


OBJECTIVES
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is expressed by different cell types in the joints and plays a relevant anti-inflammatory role in various diseases. This pilot study aimed to evaluate PPARγ expression in monocytes/macrophages isolated from RA patients as compared with healthy subjects, the relationships between PPARγ expression, MMP-9 activity and disease, and the influence of therapy with anti-rheumatic drugs on these parameters.

METHODS
Thirty RA patients of both sexes (treated with CSs and MTX, mainly) and 15 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Disease severity was evaluated by the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS-28). Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were isolated by standard procedures. PPARγ protein and mRNA expression were assessed by immunoblotting and real-time PCR, respectively; MMP-9 activity was determined by gelatin zymography. Moreover, we checked the ability of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ, a PPARγ agonist), MTX and methylprednisolone (MP) to affect PPARγ expression and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced MMP-9 activity.

RESULTS
Monocytes/MDMs from RA patients have significantly enhanced PPARγ expression (both protein and mRNA) and MMP-9 activity as compared with healthy donors. Interestingly, cells from patients with less active disease (DAS-28 <3.2) present higher PPARγ protein expression and lower MMP-9 activity than RA patients with DAS-28 >3.2. At therapeutic concentrations, MTX and MP increase in vitro PPARγ protein expression and inhibit LPS-induced MMP-9 activity.

CONCLUSION
PPARγ expression in human monocytes/MDMs could represent an indicator of disease activity and therapy efficacy in RA because patients with a DAS-28 score <3.2 show the highest expression.


We introduce a physically motivated minimal model for the electronic structure of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), which incorporates the crucial role of lattice relaxation. Our model, based on $k \cdot p$ perturbation theory, combines the accuracy of DFT calculations through effective tight-binding Hamiltonians with the computational efficiency and complete control of the twist angle offered by continuum models. The inclusion of relaxation significantly changes the bandstructure at the first magic-angle twist corresponding to flat bands near the Fermi level (the "low-energy" states), and eliminates the appearance of a second magic-angle twist. We argue that the minimal model for the low-energy states of tBLG consists of ten bands, necessary to capture the changes in electronic states as a function of twist angle. We also provide information on the nature of these bands through their wavefunctions, which is closely tied to the features of the atomic relaxation.


We present a robust and scalable solver for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations for problems with large conductivity contrasts, wide range of frequencies, stretched grids and locally refined meshes. The solver is part of the fully distributed adaptive 3-D electromagnetic modelling scheme which employs the finite element method and unstructured non-conforming hexahedral meshes for spatial discretization using the open-source software deal.II. We use the complex-valued electric field formulation and split it into two real-valued equations for which we utilize an optimal block-diagonal pre-conditioner. Application of this pre-conditioner requires the solution of two smaller real-valued symmetric problems. We solve them by using either a direct solver or the conjugate gradient method pre-conditioned with the recently introduced auxiliary space technique. The auxiliary space pre-conditioner reformulates the original problem in form of several simpler ones, which are then solved using highly efficient algebraic multigrid methods. In this paper, we consider the magnetotelluric case and verify our numerical scheme by using COMMEMI 3-D models. Afterwards, we run a series of numerical experiments and demonstrate that the solver converges in a small number of iterations for a wide frequency range and variable problem sizes. The number of iterations is independent of the problem size, but exhibits a mild dependency on frequency. To test the stability of the method on locally refined meshes, we have implemented a residual-based a posteriori error estimator and compared it with uniform mesh refinement for problems up to 200 million unknowns. We test the scalability of the most time consuming parts of our code and show that they fulfill the strong scaling assumption as long as each MPI process possesses enough degrees of freedom to alleviate communication overburden. Finally, we refer back to a direct solver-based pre-conditioner and analyse its complexity in time. The results show that for multiple right-hand sides the direct solver-based pre-conditioner can still be faster for problems of medium size. On the other hand, it also shows non-linear growth in memory, whereas the auxiliary space method increases only linearly.


BACKGROUND
High-affinity IgE receptors (Fc epsilon RI) have been identified on peripheral blood basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils; but the relative receptor expression on these cells and their relationship to atopy are unclear.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare Fc epsilon RI expression on these cell types and assess their relationship to total serum IgE concentrations in subjects with atopic asthma, rhinitis, or dermatitis compared with nonatopic control subjects.

METHODS
Flow cytometry was used to evaluate Fc epsilon RI expression by determining the specific mean fluorescence of the binding of two anti-Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain monoclonal antibodies (15-1, which competes with IgE for receptor binding, and 22E7, which is noncompetitive).

RESULTS
Compared with basophils Fc epsilon RI expression (determined by 22E7 specific mean fluorescence) was greatly reduced on monocytes and was only detectable on eosinophils in a small minority of subjects. Nevertheless, Fc epsilon RI expression on all three cell types was significantly increased in atopic patients compared with nonatopic control subjects (p < 0.0001 for basophils, p = 0.003 for monocytes, and p = 0.039 for eosinophils). Fc epsilon RI expression on both basophils and monocytes in all subjects correlated significantly with serum IgE concentrations (r = 0.86 and 0.55, respectively; p < 0.001). For each subject, and on all three cell types, the specific mean fluorescence after 22E7 staining was greater than with 15-1, implying some degree of receptor occupancy.

CONCLUSION
Fc epsilon RI expression on peripheral blood monocytes was considerably less than on basophils and barely detectable on eosinophils. Elevated Fc epsilon RI expression was observed in atopic subjects with all three cell types, suggesting a role for these receptors in IgE-mediated allergic inflammation. The possibility of common regulatory mechanisms was suggested by the correlation of Fc epsilon RI expression on basophils and monocytes with serum IgE concentrations.


A series of ultra-lightweight digital true random number generators (TRNGs) are presented. These TRNGs are based on the observation that, when a circuit switches from a metastable state to a bi-stable state, the resulting state may be random. Four such circuits with low hardware cost are presented: one uses an XOR gate; one uses a lookup table; one uses a multiplexer and an inverter; and one uses four transistors. The three TRNGs based on the first three circuits are implemented on a field programmable gate array and successfully pass the DIEHARD RNG tests and the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) RNG tests. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed TRNG designs are the most lightweight among existing TRNGs.


AIM
To conduct an evidence-based review of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in dental implant research among dentate patients so as to gain an understanding of the use of such measures, and the potential evidence that can be gleaned from such studies.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A structured literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE database. Patient-related end-points in dental implant research were categorized with respect to type of outcome and reviewed.

RESULTS
The initial search identified 3397 publications; full texts were obtained for 133 papers, and ultimately 31 'effective papers'. PROMs were primarily concerned with assessment of patient satisfaction/preference (71%, 22). A range of prosthetic treatments associated with dental implants were identified. Few studies were prospective studies that included pre-treatment assessments. There was a lack of standardization in the assessment of patient-related outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
There is an increasing use of PROMs in dental implant research among dentate patients for a range of prosthetic treatments. For the most part studies have been concerned with the assessment of patient satisfaction/preference but fail to employ standardized outcome assessment methods, which hampers understanding of the benefit of dental implant therapy from patients' perspectives.


This study evaluated the quality characteristics of muffins prepared with different amounts (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf powder (MLP). The weight of muffins increased as the amount of MLP increased. The height and pH of muffins significantly decreased as the amount of MLP increased (P<0.05). The moisture content was higher in groups containing 3% MLP. The hardness was higher at 0% MLP. Cohesiveness decreased as the amount of MLP increased (P<0.05), whereas springiness was not significantly different among all samples. Chewiness and brittleness decreased with increasing MLP concentration. Substitution of wheat flour with MLP yielded muffins with a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol content (P<0.05). Alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity significantly increased upon addition of MLP (P<0.05). In the sensory evaluation, appearance scores of muffins were higher in groups containing 7% MLP, whereas taste, flavor, texture, and overall acceptability scores were lowest in muffins with 7% MLP. Therefore, up to 3% MLP can be incorporated into muffins to satisfy the sensory quality and functional needs of the consumer. Furthermore, this study proposes the possibility of development of various products using MLP.


In the present study, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods were compared to analyze the polymorphism of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in French, Iranian and Danish strains of Oncorhynchus mykiss. A monomorphic SSCP pattern of AA genotype in the French and Iranian strains and a dimorphic AA and AB genotype in the Danish strain were observed in 3' non-coding regions of GHR gene. In the Danish strain, the AB genotype polymorphism of the GHR gene with its very low frequency (5%) has no effect on the production trait. While, RFLP-Dde1 showed no polymorphism with genetic variation in the location of GHR. Moreover, comparing the condition factors (K) of three different rainbow trout strains showed a significant correlation between the French (1.312 ± 0.13), Iranian (1.245 ± 0.17) and Danish strains (0.763 ± 0.1), respectively (p<0.05). In particular, the French strain obtained a higher K compared to the two others. The length-weight relationship is shown by the following equations W= 0.013 × L2.921, W= 0.012 ×L3.023 and W= 0.007 × L3.176 for French, Iranian and Danish strains, respectively. With the mean (b= 2.921), the studied French strain exhibited a negative allometric growth b<3 while the Iranian (b=3.023) and the Danish (b=3.176) showed positive allometric growths. Regardless of the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for the different relationships, the results of this study suggested that the AA and AB genotypes polymorphism of the GHR gene are not associated with condition factor and environmental variables can influence condition factor and length-weight relationship of rainbow trout strains in this study.


The treatment of malignant hypercalcemia has involved fluids, diuretics, and specific calcium-lowering therapy with mithramycin and calcitonin. However, newer agents have recently been approved for the treatment of hypercalcemia due to malignancy. This review will discuss three such agents, gallium, etidronate, and pamidronate. This review will concentrate on the clinical pharmacologic characteristics and the clinical trials of these newer agents. Their use in the clinical practice will be suggested based on review of the published literature.


In this article we compare in two well-known poems the representation and function of space as experienced and imagined by human minds. According to Larsen (1996) and Brandt (1995), human representations manifest distinct but connected versions of an imaginary space, which unfolds canonically into three phenomenologically basic forms: the bio-imaginary, the socio-imaginary, and the phantasmic imaginary. The poems lead us to study this unfolding in a stepwise process directly related to their emotional meaning. We show that the general existential and metaphysical meaning of events and states in the textual content is linked to the evaluative morphologies of these spaces and versions of subjective embodiment. The guiding principle is that experienceable spaces are articulated by the natural elements into contrasts between proximal and distal sections, and that the bodily experience of 'near' and 'far' is further connected to thymic oppositions of euphoric and dysphoric values assigned to figurative contents. The spatial contrast between polar element oppositions of water (proximal) and air (distal), or implications thereof, appears to be particularly important in poetry. The inquiry into the semantics of the imaginary as such, or the 'imaginative mind' (Roth 2007), is a new enterprise in cognitive poetics, whereas it has many resonances in modern literary criticism.


In this paper we have used the simple model for In segregation presented by Muraki et al [Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 557 (1992)] to calculate the profiles for In content in a series of InxGa1-xAs/GaAs MQWs. The resulting potential profiles were calculated, and the envelope function approximation was used in a transfer matrix formalism, to calculate transition energies and overlap integrals. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy (PLE) spectra were calculated, and their variation with the amount of In segregation was investigated. We found that while the confined levels shift towards higher energies, the above-barrier levels shift in the opposite direction, resulting in that the calculated PLE spectra "contract" around ~ 1.51 eV. We also measured the PLE spectra of two samples grown at different temperatures and used the segregation ratio R as a fitting parameter. For the sample grown at ~ 500°C we found that less than 80% of the impinging In atoms segregate, while for the sample grown at ~ 520°C the fitted R is 93% when no re-evaporation of the In atoms was assumed.


Emergency Medical Services for Chi (EMS-C) must be recognized as a public responsibility; the "market" cannot be relied on to produce the kind of planning and cooperation required to make services available to all who need them.1 The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report on Emergency Medical Services For Children.
 Each year millions of American chi become seriously ill or injured. If you have ever encountered a child who did not receive the medical care they needed or deserved under these circumstances you understand what EMS-C is all about. The familiar adage, "Children are not small adults," emphasizes that their care must be an integral part of a system not an afterthought once the adults have been addressed. The achievement of the desired level of competence for EMS-C in the larger system is hampered by many factors. These include lack of organization, equipment, training, and a tack of understanding of the child's unique problems and needs.
 In response to these needs, Congress approved a demonstration grant program in 1984. The purpose of the program was threefold: to expand access to EMS-C, to improve the quality available through existing Emergency Medical Systems (EMS), and to generate knowledge and experience that would be of use to all states and localities seeking to improve their system.
 Continuing interest prompted the formation of the Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medical Services by the IOM. This 19-member committee Chaired by Dr Donald N. Medearis, Jr released their report in the summer of 1993. The IOM report entitled Emergency Medical Services for Chi is available in both a soft cover 25-page summary and the full text (see Appendix).


As the nascent field of quantum computing develops, an increasing number of quantum hardware modalities, such as superconducting electronic circuits, semiconducting spins, trapped ions, and neutral atoms, have become available for performing quantum computations. These quantum hardware modalities exhibit varying characteristics and implement different universal quantum gate sets that may e.g. contain several distinct two-qubit quantum gates. Adapting a quantum circuit from a, possibly hardware-agnostic, universal quantum gate set to the quantum gate set of a target hardware modality has a crucial impact on the fidelity and duration of the intended quantum computation. However, current quantum circuit adaptation techniques only apply a specific decomposition or allow only for local improvements to the target quantum circuit potentially resulting in a quantum computation with less fidelity or more qubit idle time than necessary. These issues are further aggravated by the multiple options of hardware-native quantum gates rendering multiple universal quantum gates sets accessible to a hardware modality. In this work, we developed a satisfiability modulo theories model that determines an optimized quantum circuit adaptation given a set of allowed substitutions and decompositions, a target hardware modality and the quantum circuit to be adapted. We further discuss the physics of the semiconducting spins hardware modality, show possible implementations of distinct two-qubit quantum gates, and evaluate the developed model on the semiconducting spins hardware modality. Using the developed quantum circuit adaptation method on a noisy simulator, we show the Hellinger fidelity could be improved by up to 40 % and the qubit idle time could be decreased by up to 87 % compared to alternative quantum circuit adaptation techniques.


We determinte the critical temperature of the spin-1 Blume-Capel (BC) model by using the derivative of the free energy with respect to the crystal field and call this quantity the "preference" parameter. We carry out simulations of the BC model on a two-dimensional square lattice by using the Wang-Landau sampling method. We measure the susceptibility and the critical temperature of the BC model by using the preference parameter and compare them with those obtained by using the magnetization. We find that the preference parameter works well for the BC model and improves the simulation performance.


Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol is an attractive way to recycle and utilize CO2. A series of Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 catalysts (CZAZ) containing different molar ratios of Cu/Zn were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray analysis (FESEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Higher surface area, SABET values (42.6-59.9 m2/g) were recorded at low (1) and high (5) Cu/Zn ratios with the minimum value of 35.71 m2/g was found for a Cu/Zn of 3. The reducibility of the metal oxides formed after calcination of catalyst samples was also affected due to change in metal-support interaction. At a reaction temperature of 443 K, total gas pressure of 3.0 MPa and 0.1 g/mL of the CZAZ catalyst, the selectivity to methanol decreased as the Cu/Zn molar ratio increased, and the maximum selectivity of 93.9 was achieved at Cu/Zn molar ratio of 0.33. With a reaction time of 3h, the best performing catalyst was CZAZ75 with Cu/Zn molar ratio of 5 giving methanol yield of 6.4%.


ABSTRACT Background: It is still not clear whether the diagnosis Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) constitutes one single disease entity, as diagnosis depends on clinical case definitions. The variation of symptoms across individuals indicates important differences between individuals diagnosed with ME/CFS. Also, the variation in daily functioning and quality of life measures among subgroups of symptoms is still unclear. Purpose: The present study examines the associations between symptoms in ME/CFS, and evaluates the relationships between symptom subgroups, functioning and quality of life. Methods: Data were collected from 106 adults as part of the assessment at a tertiary specialist clinic for ME/CFS. Principal component analyses (PCA) were utilized to identify symptom subgroups, and the relationships with functioning and quality of life were evaluated using bivariate correlations. Results: The PCA suggested four statistically distinct and clinically meaningful subgroups of symptoms. The latent constructs were labeled Inflammatory, Pain, Neurocognitive, and Autonomic. All symptom subgroups correlated significantly with measures of fatigue, mood, functioning and quality of life. Notably, the correlations between symptom subgroups and criteria variables (e.g. mood) varied in strength, indicating a difference in the relative importance of symptom subgroups. Conclusions: Although tentative, the results from this study support previous research and suggest that there are important symptom subgroups among individuals with ME/CFS. Furthermore, these results indicate that symptom profiles may be of importance to understand the variation between individuals in the impact of symptoms on functioning. Thus, more research is warranted to validate these findings and investigate possible differences in etiology between patient subgroups.


Introduction: The renal transplantation is the therapeutical modality offering the better quality of life and survival for patients presenting with chronic renal disease and the better economic alternative to face this epidemics. Objective: To know the clinical-epidemiological behavior of renal transplantation in the case of live donor. Methods: A retrospective, cohort, descriptive and observational study was conducted in patients underwent transplants from live donors in the Institute of Nephrology from 1991 to 2008. Authors used the variables processed in a automated way with statistical technique of analysis of absolute and relative frequency distribution, as well as techniques of survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method. For the graft and for the patient survival was estimated. One hundred two patients were studied. Results: The year with more carrying out of transplantation were 2000 and 2004. The predominant causes of chronic renal disease were the glomerulopathies (47.1 %) and the non-descripted ones (29.4 %) mainly between 20 and 49 years old. The early transplantation was performed in the 44.1 % of cases. There was predominance of transplantation between brothers (49 %) and from mothers to sons. The survival of graft and of patient at shortmediumand long-term is showed. Conclusions: The life donor transplantation is carried out mainly in young receptors arriving to renal failure due to glomerulonephritis or by unknown causes. Its survival is appropriate although there is a relatively high incidence of surgical complications and death of patient during the first year, perhaps related to the low number of transplantation by year.


The thermal and magnetic properties of dysprosium ethyl sulphate have been measured at temperatures below its Curie temperature of 0⋅13 °K. The ferromagnetism is shown to be due almost entirely to magnetic dipole interactions which are highly anisotropic corresponding to a zero magnetic g-value perpendicular to the c-axis. The system thus approximates closely to a ferromagnetic Ising model. Because of demagnetizing effects the low field properties are dominated by the formation of domains, which are shown to be long and thin with unusually abrupt domain walls. Measurements of the initial susceptibility at frequencies between 25 and 900 c/s show marked relaxation effects which are interpreted in terms of both domain wall motion and single spin reversals. A discussion is given of the general problem of finding the real and imaginary susceptibility components in systems with strong dipolar interactions. In favourable cases, such as dysprosium ethyl sulphate, it is possible to find a shape-independent quasi-static susceptibility which corresponds to the response of the system in the absence of domain wall motion and demagnetizing effects. Values for the spin-reversal relaxation time are found to be of the order of tens of microseconds which is surprisingly short in view of the absence of non-diagonal terms in the spin-spin interactions.


Delftia acidovorans is an aerobic, non fermentative gram negative rod that belongs to the Pseudomonas ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) homology Group III. The sources of isolation are sludge, biological waste water treatment plants. Patients in hospitals or with compromised immune systems are more likely to be affected. Delftia acidovorans can result in infectious endocarditis, ocular infections, otitis media, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, empyema, cavitary and interstitial pneumoniae, and nosocomial bacteraemia, including bacteraemia linked to central venous catheters in people with compromised immune systems. This case report is about a 57-year-old male with complaints of loss of appetite for six days and vomiting, as well as loss of weight. He was diagnosed with HIV two years ago and was on HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy). This atypical bacterium was isolated from pleural fluid of the patient; and he was managed with albumin infusion, anticoagulants, beta blockers, fluid and salt restriction and intravenous antibiotics. It is an emerging source of Gram negative bacilli which is normally a non pathogen causing serious infections among immunocompromised patients.


The development and improvement of monitoring and process control systems is one of the important ways of advancing laser metal deposition (LMD). The control of hydrodynamic, heat and mass transfer processes in LMD is extremely important, since these processes directly affect the crystallization of the melt and, accordingly, the microstructural properties and the overall quality of the synthesized part. In this article, the data of coaxial video monitoring of the LMD process were used to assess the features of melt dynamics. The obtained images were used to calculate the time dependences of the characteristics of the melt pool (MP) (temperature, width, length and area), which were further processed using the short-time correlation (STC) method. This approach made it possible to reveal local features of the joint behavior of the MP characteristics, and to analyze the nature of the melt dynamics. It was found that the behavior of the melt in the LMD is characterized by the presence of many time periods (patterns), during which it retains a certain ordered character. The features of behavior that are important from the point of view of process control systems design are noted. The approach used for the analysis of melt dynamics based on STC distributions of MP characteristics, as well as the method for determining the moments of pattern termination through the calculation of the correlation power, can be used in processing the results of online LMD diagnostics, as well as in process control systems.


Alveolar gas flow competition with pulmonary capillary blood flow for restricted space within lungs during mechanical ventilation, which is well known in respiratory physiology but neglected in everyday clinical practice, is thoroughly discussed in the paper. Anatomical and physiological conditions of oxygen and carbon dioxide counter-diffusion through alveolar-capillary barrier and the role of ventilation-perfusion relationship are described, and the possibility of blood flow displacement from opened alveoli with high pressure inside to poorly ventilated compartments of low intra-alveolar pressures is demonstrated. Commercially available metabolographic and real-time gas analysis monitors from different manufacturers were used for optimal PEEP adjustment by means of pulmonary VO2 and VCO2 shifts comparison, influence of patient volaemic status on the physiologic possibility of alveolar recruitment is discussed. Limitations of modern approach to the mechanical lung ventilation aimed at maximal lung opening in underlined and refuted with consideration on effective diffusion surface changes. Inefficacy of mechanical ventilation is especially obvious when acute respiratory failure follows ventilation-perfusion mismatch, like it appears in COVID-19. Partially it can explain discouraging mechanical ventilation outcomes during current pandemic.


Received: April 02, 2019 Accepted: May 29, 2019 Published: May 31, 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 3 This study reports on a qualitative experimental research that investigated the application of smartphone-mediated language learning strategies (SMLLS) in relation to learner autonomy (LA) of pre university students in EFL reading context in Saudi Arabia. A class of 35 students who received a strategy-training programme participated in the study. The data were collected using an observational checklist and a semi-structured interview. The findings showed that smartphones assisted the learners' employment of LLS; memory strategies and social strategies were reported as highly used, followed by cognitive strategies. The learners' application of SMLLS helped impact their autonomous learning skills. Further studies are recommended. KEYWORDS


Cannabis sativa produces novel secondary metabolites called cannabinoids. Among them, Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of this plant, has attracted a great deal of attention, because this cannabinoid is shown to exert a variety of therapeutic activities such as the relief of nausea caused by cancer chemotherapy. To reveal the mechanism of THC formation in Cannabis sativa, we attempted biosynthetic studies. Consequently, we established that Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), the precursor of THC, is derived from cannabigerolic acid and that this reaction is catalyzed by the novel oxidocyclase, THCA synthase. Here, we show the biochemical and structural properties of THCA synthase.


Objective:
This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge and the awareness of bronchial asthma among general population in Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia during the year 2023 using a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 385.
Results:
The study revealed that 9.7% participants had asthma. Around 50.4% reported having siblings with asthma. The majority showed satisfactory awareness of asthma-related information, with 79.2% correctly identifying it as a chronic disease. Additionally, 89.1% knew asthma was not infectious, and 69.3% recognized that it could lead to health complications, while 55.6% were aware it could be fatal. Most participants correctly recognized common asthma symptoms. However, awareness of dry cough as a symptom was lower at 58.6%. Common risk factors like family history, allergies, and smoking were well-known.
Conclusion:
While there is a reasonable level of awareness regarding asthma as a chronic condition and its prevalence, efforts should be made to raise awareness about the potential severity and life-threatening nature of the disease. Moreover, continuous education initiatives targeting specific sociodemographic groups can further enhance asthma knowledge and improve asthma management and outcomes across the population.


Refinement of formal system models towards implementation has been a mainstay of system development since the inception of formal and Correct by Construction approaches to system development. However, pure refinement approaches do not always deal fluently with all desirable system requirements. This prompted the development of alternatives and generalizations, such as retrenchment. The crucial concept of simulation is key to judging the quality of the conformance between abstract and more concrete system models. Reformulations of these theoretical approaches are reprised and are embedded in a graded framework. The added flexibility this offers is intended to deal more effectively with the needs of applications in which the relationship between different levels of abstraction is not straightforward, and in which behavior can oscillate between conforming quite closely to an idealized abstraction and deviating quite far from it. The framework developed is confronted with an intentionally demanding case study: a model active control system for the protection of buildings during earthquakes. This offers many challenges: it is hybrid/cyber-physical; it has to respond to rather unpredictable inputs; and it has to straddle the gap between continuous behavior and discretized/quantized/numerical implementation.


Necropsy data from a Primate Center were used in a study of the brain weight-body weight relationships of 12 species of nonhuman primates. The sample sizes ranged from six Cercopithecus aethiops to 163 Macaca mulatta. By plotting mean brain-mean body weight of each species on log-log paper, it was shown that the straight line fitting the plots of all species had a slope of 0.72. Slopes for three species of the genus Macaca, and for six species of the family Cebidae, were 0.61 and 0.81 respectively. Coefficients of determination of the three lines were greater than 0.90. Two species of the family Cebiade, Saimiri sciureus and Aotus trivirgatus, had equivalent body weights, but the former had a 30% larger brain than the latter. The results suggest that brain-body weight scaling characteristics of primate species can be studied effectively using necropsy data. Some statistically significant discrepancies between these and published data, however, show that more data are required to describe these characteristics with greater certainty.


Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) have stimulated much interest in research because of the advantages found within such systems. They are able to deal with problems that are too large for single-agent systems, and are faster and more reliable. This paper examines how to use MASs in Search Agent Software. Examining how multi-agents function in a virtual system, the interactions between them and how they formulate decisions, forms part of the basis of the research into Artificial Intelligent systems. In this paper, we set out to develop and create Search Agent Software (SAS) that can retrieve requested information from two databases. The clients are able to search for a book using author, title, ISBN and, more significantly for this study, price. SAS will identify the books requested, where they can be found, and will offer the cheapest available. Each of the two databases has the same names of the titles, however each database may contain a different price. The SAS will get the required information quickly, helping the user to find the cheapest and possibly nearest. It will connect to the database using the Agent Interface; there are two agents in the system, known as MASs. These agents collect the required data and send it to the Agent Handler. This paper merges different program technologies including the following: Jade, Java, Finite State Machine and JFLAP.


The following synthetic peptides were made as immunogens for development of a zona-based contraceptive vaccine: P1, KQPFWLLQGGASRAETSVQPVLVE [amino acids (aa) 23-45 with an additional K at the N-terminus]; P2, FSEEKLVFSLRLMEENC (aa 164-179 with an additional C at the C-terminus and T170 replaced by V); and P3, CSFSKSSNSWFPVEGPADICQCC (aa 300-322). The aa are numbered on the basis of bonnet monkey ZP3 precursor protein. Antibodies against an additional peptide P4, KGDCGTPSHSRRQPHVVSQWSRSA (aa 324-347), significantly inhibits human sperm-oocyte binding. In addition, antibodies against cocktail of peptide-diphtheria toxoid conjugates also significantly inhibit the binding of spermatozoa to zona pellucida in a hemizona assay. These results will further help in the design of an immunocontraceptive vaccine based upon synthetic peptides corresponding to ZP3.


The main object of this research was to study the better housing business by the Architectural Association of Chosun. The Architectural Association of Chosun was founded in 1992 and it influenced great deal on the development of Korean architecture. The Architectural Association of Chosun took the first step in business by holding the Better Housing Plan Competition which was the first housing plan competition in Korea, Also, it meant the enlightenment of better cultural housing. Overall, it can be summarized as follows; 1) It could be considered that the Architectural Association of Chosun was connected with the Japanese Colonial Policy of that time. 2) The Better Housing Plan Competition indicated the way of improving better living condition. 3) Most of the prize-wining works emphasized economical and practical way of housing. 4) The wanted to get out of the old conventional way of hosing. 5) All the plans showed \" the living\" and it meant that \" the living: is the centre of family life which connected the modern housing plan. 6) Western way of life was combined with the conventional style, in other words, modernization of life was derived from the western style. 7) Better housing plan which is more suitable for the Korean weather and environment was not considered. 8) Colonial domination of Japanese style could also be found in housing. Most of the plans used Japanese style as the basic housing style. housing style.


Purpose: This paper examined the challenges students faced with virtual learning during the coronavirus pandemic. Virtual learning is currently the alternative solution to slow down the spreading of COVID-19. However, it can be challenging for the disabled, underprivileged, and marginalized students with limited resources. Design/methodology/approach: 165 university students from private universities took part in the study and Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data in the study, which took a quantitative approach. Findings: Results showed that self-efficacy, motivation, and technology literacy had a positive impact on virtual learning. The findings indicated that educational institutions must pay attention to the factors that keep students motivated and maintain their optimal performance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, through virtual learning. Research limitations/implications: There are number of limitations in the current study that should be as caveats. Since the study is conducted with private university students in Klang Valley area only, the sample size is very small, and the duration is very short. Practical implications: It is recommended that private university students to better equipped with the technology to enhance not only their interaction with instructors, but the skills they acquired that will be the advantage of their learning opportunities to advance their competencies. Originality/value: During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, a student has become one of the utmost prominent primacies for nationwide education institutions. The sudden shift of a conventional learning environment, to a virtual learning mode, has caused numerous concerns among the education sector, fellow educators as well as parents.


In this paper, we propose a scheme based on server node state control, including stand-by/wake-up and processor power control, to achieve aggressive power education while satisfying Quality of Service (QoS). Decreasing power consumption on Web servers is currently a challenging new problem to be solved in a data center or warehouse. Although Web servers are configured to have maximum performance, the actual access rate to the servers can be small in a specific period, such as midnight, so it may be possible to reduce the power consumption of the servers while satisfying QoS with lower server performance. In order to reduce power consumption on the server nodes, we now have to consider the power consumption of the entire node rather than only processor power by Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS). We implemented the proposed scheme to the distributed Web server system using the power-profile of server nodes and considering load increment based on traffic prediction method and evaluated the proposed scheme with a Web server benchmark workload based on SPECWeb99. The result reveals that the proposed scheme achieved an energy saving of approximately 17% with sufficient QoS performance on the distributed Web server system.


Background: Increased rates of cholesterol synthesis have been recognized as an important aspect of the metabolism of transformed cells. However, precisely how cholesterol dysmetabolism affects membrane homeostasis is not yet fully understood. Since free cholesterol can be transported from the plasma membrane to other organelles in a dynamic and bidirectional fashion, there is an urgent need to determine to what extent endomembranes are affected by driver oncogene-mediated distortions in cholesterol homeostasis. Aim: Determine if cholesterol is increased in endomembranes, relative to the plasma membrane in Apc mutant cell lines and primary Apc null mouse colonocytes amd CRC samples. Methods: Three mouse epithelial isogenic wild type and mutant Apc colonic cell lines (YAMC (Apc +/+), IMCE (Apc +/-), IMCE βcat (Apc +/- + ΔN89 βcat) were used. In addition, primary colonocytes from Apc wildtype and null mice were examined. mRNA was sequenced using a TruSeq Illumina Stranded mRNA kit. Data analysis was conducted as follows: EdgeR was used to identify differentially expressed genes. Human CRC RNAseq data was obtained from a public reservoir and analyzed. A gene target list (~ 290 genes) related to organelle cholesterol transport was subsequently queried. Membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosomes were assessed using fluorescent probes: ERTracker, MitoTracker and LysoTracker, respectively. Cells were fixed and stained with Filipin III and imaged using confocal microscopy. Fluorescence colocalization was calculated and statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA. Results: Apc mutant colonocyte cell lines and Apc null mouse models and human CRC samples exhibited differential expression of cholesterol trafficking genes including Acaa1b, Acaa2, Pcsk9, Stard5. Genes related to mitochondrial cholesterol metabolism, transport, and accumulation, e.g., Tspo, Ppargc1a and Cyp27a, were also found differentially expressed in the three models. Imaging experiments revealed that mitochondrial cholesterol was 17% higher in IMCE and IMCE βcat cell lines. Lysosomal cholesterol was 21% higher in IMCE cells. ER cholesterol levels were unaffected. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings indicate dysregulation of mitochondrial and lysosomal unesterified cholesterol levels in colonocytes expressing mutant APC.
 Citation Format: Monica Munoz-Vega, Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras, Michael L. Salinas, Xiaoli Wang, Jennifer S. S Goldsby, Robert S. Chapkin. Endomembranes accumulate unesterified cholesterol in Apc mutant models and humans with CRC as assessed by RNAseq and confocal microscopy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P016.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of management practices for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in improving the competency of community health volunteers in diagnosing and treating acute respiratory infections among children.

METHODS
Data were collected by a group of research physicians who observed the performance of a sample of 120 health volunteers in 10 sub-districts in Bangladesh in which Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) had run a community-based ARI control programme since mid-1992. Standardized tests were conducted until the 95% interphysician reliability on the observation of clinical examination was achieved.

FINDINGS
The sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement rates in diagnosing and treating ARIs were significantly higher among the health volunteers who had basic training and were supervised routinely than among those who had not.

CONCLUSION
Diagnosis and treatment of ARIs at the household level in developing countries are possible if intensive basic training and the close supervision of service providers are ensured.


Nonparallel discharge of digestive enzymes by the in vitro rabbit pancreas has been previously reported and this observation has been used to challenge the mass transport theory of enzyme synthesis and secretion by the exocrine pancreas. The current investigation reexamines the pattern of enzyme secretion from the in vitro rabbit pancreas. Secretion of alpha-amylase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen was studied from the unstimulated gland and from glands stimulated with either methacholine, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, or the active octapeptide of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. In all cases, only parallel discharge of alpha-amlyse, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen was noted. These observations are consistent with the mass-transport theory.


The concept of the Phylocode has been evolving for some twenty years, and is supported by Lee and Skinner (2007): I argue against it here. The first issue is stability, and biologists must decide whether they seek rigidity (Phylocode) or flexibil− ity and conservativeness of clade contents (Linnaean codes). Phylocode names for taxa are by definition stable because they are established as labels for clades that are rigidly defined as geometric constructs. But this is not real stability because the species contained within those clades can change dramati− cally: an example is given where Phylocode practice forces a decision about the name Deinonychosauria, which can contain 20 or 10,000 species depending on which current tree is cor− rect. Linnaean systems offer real stability (= conservativeness + flexibility) where the taxon name can be moved subtly up and down nodes in a tree to keep its association with a particu− lar character or group of species. Proponents of the Phylocode argue that category/rank terms should be dispensed with, and yet they have no need to do this. Everyone accepts that Lin− naean ranks are subjective, and yet there is no benefit in aban− doning ranks because they have proved to be of such value to users of classifications, and genera and families, for example, act as valuable surrogates for species in large−scale evolution− ary and ecological studies. Finally, the Phylocode extends reg− ulation beyond names and their proper use into determining the validity of phylogenetic hypotheses, and this will act as a limit on normal scientific debate.


In order to develop the light weight multi flow fan blades, additive manufacturing have been used to produce the PLA material blades in this research and to promote the application of PLA, it became essential to investigate the mechanical properties such as endurance and tensile strength elastic property along with the flow analysis. Two novel segments of this research are the analysis of the PLA material for the mechanical properties and the CFD analysis of the fan blade model to perform with high effectiveness. As the outcome of the research, it is observed that the tensile strength and elasticity of PLA materials manufactured through additive manufacturing increases with the increase in printing angle and thickness up to a threshold level. All the experimental results obtained are in the satisfactory range for an application involving fan blades. So the material can be suitable for the fabricating the fan blades without compromising the quality of the blades and application requirements. The CFD analysis have also been performed to design the fan blade and its twisting angle, thereby the maximum air flow can be obtained in all the directions.


A novel diagnostic processing technique called Conductive Fracture Imaging (CFI) measures hydraulic and conductive fractures using microseismic events as a source. The method was applied to three datasets located in onshore unconventional formations in the United States. CFI results were in all cases first delivered independent of any external diagnostic data and only subsequently compared to multiple diagnostics such as microseismic, fiber cross-well strain (CWS), 3D seismic, and recovered core under supervision of Devon Energy's Subsurface Team.
 The comparison reveals a reasonable agreement of the CFI results with cross-well strain for both height and transverse conductive fracture growth. CFI was able to image fractures out 1 mile from the observation lateral, with fractures imaged in areas of no microseismic activity. Furthermore, CFI successfully quantified the height growth of fractures aligned with the pre-existing faults and how natural structures influence conductivity fracture distribution.
 CFI reveals a valid relationship with cored & interpreted conductive, hydraulic, and natural fractures. The method provides dynamic images showing fracture morphology from the near-wellbore into the far-field reservoir. Complimentary analytics of relationships between CFI and reservoir properties, limited entry perforation designs, stress shadowing, and depletion effects may generate significant new observations and key learnings to industry as this technique is more broadly adopted.