We present a maximum a posteriori (MAP) classifier for classifying multifrequency, multilook, single polarization, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity data into regions or ensembles of pixels of homogeneous and similar radar backscatter characteristics. A model for the prior joint distribution of the multifrequency SAR intensity data is combined with a Markov random field for representing the interactions between region labels to obtain an expression for the posterior distribution of the region labels given the multifrequency SAR observations. The maximization of the posterior distribution yields Bayes's optimum region labeling or classification of the SAR data or its MAP estimate. The performance of the MAP classifier is evaluated by using computer-simulated multilook SAR intensity data as a function of the parameters in the classification process. Multilook SAR intensity data are shown to yield higher classification accuracies than one-look SAR complex amplitude data. Examples using actual two-frequency, four-look, SAR intensity data acquired by the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne polarimetric SAR are presented. The MAP classifier is extended to the case in which the radar backscatter from the remotely sensed surface varies within the SAR image because of incidence angle effects. The results obtained illustrate the practicality of the method for combining SAR intensity observations acquired at two different frequencies and for improving classification accuracy of SAR data.


IN 1967 Donaghy and Yasargil 1 both reported a new surgical procedure designed to circumvent an occluded internal carotid artery. The introduction of extracra-nial/intracranial arterial bypass surgery was heralded as a significant advance in the treatment of cerebrovas-cular disease. Because of the inherent logic of the operation, the creation of an anastamosis between the superficial temporal artery and a branch of the middle cerebral artery quickly appealed to the neurosurgical community. For the first time a surgical procedure seemed to be available for those patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid or middle cerebral arteries that could not be dealt with by direct endarterectomy. In the first decade after the introduction of intracran-ial/extracranial bypass procedures many reports appeared to indicate that the operation could be performed with relatively low morbidity and mortality, and the techniques could be improved to ensure a high degree of patency of the anastomoses. This was followed by anecdotal reports of improvement in patients undergoing the procedure. The indications for the operation proved a somewhat more difficult question to answer. There was widespread acceptance of the procedure as a prophylactic measure in patients with TIAs or small strokes to prevent progression to major cere-bral infarction. A smaller group of neurosurgeons went so far as to claim that the operation was of benefit to patients with major completed strokes. In an effort to avoid the problems that had evolved in the use and evaluation of carotid endarterectomy for TIAs, asymptomatic bruits and strokes, a cooperative study to test the hypothesis that intracranial/extracra-nial bypass procedures could reduce the incidence of stroke and death in a well-defined population was organized in 1977 under the leadership of Dr. Henry J.M. Barnett. When the study was started, neurosur-geons with demonstrated interest and established expertise in performing intracranial/extracranial bypass procedures were recruited widely in the U.S. and Can-ada to contribute patients. The response was disappointing as many surgical groups had concluded that the operation was both useful and effective and therefore did not need to be studied in a randomized fashion. Because of the inability to persuade enough surgeons in North America to enter the study, additional centers were sought in Europe and Asia. This created concern among both the organizers of the study as well as its critics since such an approach might be incapable of testing the hypothesis because more centers would each be contributing small numbers of …


Financial literacy is one focus of attention of the government in Indonesia. It becomes important because due to a wide range of individuals faced with complex choices about financial services, such as the use of banking services, insurance, capital markets, and a wide range of investment products with the use of which in this case required knowledge, understanding so that they can use or choose the financial products and services. The results of this study found that the level of penetration of insurance ownership is still low. The research data was obtained from interviews and field studies with some insurance agents. From the data obtained by the average person who has studied middle-income, even though, in reality they do not necessarily want to buy products caused less understanding the financial product. This means that the level of financial literacy someone give a very high rule for having insurance. Keywords: Financial Literacy, Financial access, Insurance


Global changes, including an increase in trade and global warming, which act on the environment, are likely to impact on the evolution of pathogens and hence of diseases. To anticipate the risks created by this new situation, a French group of experts has developed a method for prioritising animal health risks. This is a two-phase method: the first step is to identify the diseases whose incidence or geographical distribution could be affected by the changes taking place, and the second step is to evaluate the risk of each of these diseases. As a result of this process, six priority diseases were selected: bluetongue, Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis and African horse sickness. The main recommendations were: to develop epidemiological surveillance, to increase knowledge of epidemiological cycles, to develop research into these diseases and to pool cross-border efforts to control them.


Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory response mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Lysin is a cell wall hydrolase encoded and synthesized by a bacteriophage, which can kill specific Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, phage lysin "LysGH15" is used to treat the mice mastitis caused by S. aureus. The purified lysGH15 showed strong bactericidal activity in vitro. When treated with 25μg/mL of the LysGH15, the bacterial counts of S. aureus dropped approximately 5 log units within 10 min. In the in vivo experiments, the administration of LysGH15 significantly (P<0.05) reduced the colonies of S. aureus and alleviated damage to the breast tissue. Also, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in breast tissue were significantly decreased. It indicates that the LysGH15 can effectively treat the murine mastitis caused by S. aureus. This study demonstrated the potential of LysGH15 as an alternative to antibiotics for treating bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus


The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review of the existing studies in the literature regarding real earnings management and corporate governance. The paper also addresses the gap in the real earnings management literature in the Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC) as a major market in the Middle East and proposes future research topics.
Keywords: earnings management, real earnings management, corporate governance, board of directors


Shell-closure is critical to the repair of CAD-models described in the .STL file-format, the de facto solid freeform fabrication industry-standard. Polyhedral CAD-models that do not exhibit shell-closure, i.e. have cracks, holes, or gaps, do not constitute valid solids and frequently cause problems during fabrication. This paper describes a solution for achieving shell-closure of polyhedral CAD-models. The solution accommodates nonmanifold conditions, and guarantees orientable shells. There are several topologically ambiguous situations that might arise during the shell-closure process, and the solution applies intuitively pleasing heuristics in these cases.


&NA; Peripheral arterial occlusive disease or congenital anomalies of the major crural arteries may limit the use of the fibula free flap and should be detected preoperatively. Conventional selective angiography is the definitive standard imaging method for making this diagnosis, but it has drawbacks. A safer, cheaper, more accurate, and noninvasive alternative is desirable. The authors sought to test the hypothesis that the ankle‐arm index of each of the three crural arteries, combined with pencil Doppler examination of the peroneal skin perforators, would provide adequate information to restrict the use of angiography to cases in which the outcomes of either or both of these options are insufficient. The ankle‐arm index data of each of the three crural arteries, as well as pencil Doppler examination of the peroneal skin perforators of both legs of nine prospectively included patients and the nonoperated legs of 13 retrospectively included patients, were compared statistically in four different ways with the preoperative angiographic findings. A combined ankle‐arm index and pencil Doppler examination is not accurate enough to detect legs or arteries with subclinical peripheral arterial occlusive disease or vascular variation and, hence, is not a sufficient basis on which to develop the surgical plan for a fibula free flap. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 111: 735, 2003.)


A deletion is defined as a missing piece of a chromosome, ranging in size from as small as a single base pair to as much as an entire arm of a chromosome. Deletions can cause diseases, but may also have a neutral effect in the genome. In this thesis, I describe how inherited deletions can be detected by analysis of the segregation pattern of genetic markers in pedigrees. These methods are based on the fact that a deletion encompassing a genetic marker constitutes a null allele for that marker. Thus, a heterozygote for a null allele will appear to be homozygous for the other allele. The methods I present for detecting deletions for a single marker also apply for detecting null alleles. The thesis consists of both theoretical work on the probabilities to detect deletions in different pedigree structures and applications of the methods to identify deletions in families with Protein S deficiency and von Willebrand disease type 1.

In the first paper, deletions in the PROS1 gene are indicated during a linkage study on eight families with Protein S deficiency, a dominant coagulation disorder. The second paper describes how the probabilities to detect a deletion causing a dominant disease using genetic markers depend on the allele frequencies of the marker and the size of the pedigree. The formulae are general and can be applied to a pedigree of any size. The method is shown to be efficient in pedigrees of the size that were used in paper I. In the third paper, large deletions in the PROS1 gene are identified in three of the eight families with Protein S deficiency. In the fourth paper, the probabilities to detect a neutral deletion for various pedigree structures given a fixed total sample size are calculated. It is shown that for biallelic markers it is more efficient to add children than to add grandparents to a parent-offspring trio.


Objective To determine the length of exposure to high doses of phthalate that might affect sperm quality in adult male Wistar rats. Methods Forty-two (42) adult male Wistar rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned into six groups (n=7): Group A received 0.5 mL of distilled water - placebo - and served as controls; groups B, C, D, E and F received Phthalate (750 mg/kgbw) for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks, respectively. The data obtained from the study was expressed as Mean ± SEM with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. The data was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test using GraphPad Prism, version 8. Results The results showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in testicular weight in the rats exposed to 750 mg/kg of phthalate for 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks when compared with the controls. Sperm count, motility and viability were also significantly (p<0.05) reduced, while sperm cells with abnormal morphology had increased counts in the groups exposed for 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks when compared with controls. Serum zinc and magnesium were also significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the subjects treated for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks when compared with controls. Conclusions The dosage of phthalate adopted in this study was deleterious to testicular function when rats were exposed to it for as short a period as three weeks.


What determines technology capabilities and catch-up of countries? Why do the patterns,
speed and performance of innovation differ across countries? This thesis seeks to address
these questions by linking institutional, organisational and sectoral features of innovation
in Korea and Japan which are regarded as the most successful cases of technology catchup.
Despite the widespread recognition that innovators are susceptible to institutional
conditions and contextual influences, previous empirical studies have not used contextual
factors as determinants of innovation. On the other hand, institutional analysis of
innovation has addressed national diversity and historical patterns of change based on
thick description and qualitative evidence. This thesis provides a new way of explaining
the underlying of dynamics of innovation by empirically examining direct correlations
between country-specific institutional characteristics and technology capabilities and by
testing causal relationships between technology input and output. This thesis employs the
national innovation system (NIS) and the late industrialiser perspectives to perform three
sets of empirical analyses. The first indentifies key institutional and policy determinants
of national technology capabilities based on five sets of cross-sectional data, consisting of
37 high-income countries and 32 middle-income countries. The second examines specific
institutional conditions for causal relationships between technology input and output
based on time-series data of Korea and Japan. The third investigates technological catchup
occurrence, speed and performance to indentify productivity and technology gaps as
well as delaying and contributing factors. The findings of the thesis have significant
relevance to innovation strategy and policy of other catching-up countries in the process
of building indigenous technology capabilities.


Dapsone is used in prophylaxis for and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We present a case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome that was likely induced by administration of dapsone. A review of charts at the HIV Treatment Center of Northwestern University (Chicago) revealed that 40.3% of patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole could not tolerate the medication, while 25.2% of those treated with dapsone were intolerant of the drug. We also found a higher rate of adverse reactions to dapsone among patients with prior intolerance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than among patients without such a history; however, the difference was not significant.


The present disclosure includes apparatuses and methods related to performing logical operations using sensing circuitry. An example apparatus comprises an array of memory cells and sensing circuitry coupled to the array. The sensing circuitry is configured to perform a logical operation using a data value stored in a first memory cell coupled to a sense line as a first input and a data value stored in a second memory cell coupled to the sense line as a second input. The sensing circuitry is configured to perform the logical operation without transferring data via a sense line address access.


Maranta arundinaecea is otherwise known as arrowroot. It promotes weight loss, treats diahorrea and stimulates the immune system. As Arrowroot is rich in starch, it helps in good digestion by mild laxative in regulating the bowel movement. Also it reduces stomach pain and bloating. Selenium is a semi conductor so it is used in making electrical wires. It is used in potent chemotherapy. It is an anti-cancer agent due to its invasion of apoptotic pathway and cell cycle arrest. Usually the arrow root extract is available as powder. The powder is diluted and mixed into sodium selenite solution and this combination is observed for 3 days. After 3 days, it is centrifuged and collected in a pellet form. The lactobacillus and streptococcus mutants are used for culture of organism for 1 day. The extract is tested for for anti-bacterial activity. Result- It shows the sector where it can inhibit in Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus. Maranta arundinaecea root mediated selenium nanoparticles shows very good antibacterial activity will used in many biomedical applications is future.


The impact of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) on cancer patients' survival has recently become a matter of extensive discussion. Studies in solid tumors demonstrated that ESA adversely affects survival. This issue has not been sufficiently studied in patients with multiple myeloma. In this study, which included 323 multiple myeloma patients followed in our Institution between 1988 and 2007, we demonstrated by using a proportional hazards model including multiple covariates (age, LDH, Hb, platelets, serum creatinine, ISS score, β2 microglobulin, and ESA administration) that ESA administration is associated with reduced survival (hazards ratio: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.28–2.77). Anemia, which is considered a predictor for survival, platelets, serum creatinine, ISS score, and LDH, were not significant, whereas, age and β2 microglobulin confirmed their predicting value in the multivariate analysis. With a median follow‐up of 31 months (range 1–238), the median survival of patients in the ESA group was 31 months (95% CI: 25–37), whereas in the group without ESA administration it was 67 months (95% CI: 55–79) (P < 0.001). The median progression‐free survival for patients in the ESA group was 14 months (95% CI: 12–16), and for the group without ESA it was 30 months (95% CI: 24–36) (P < 0.001). These results indicate that ESA may have a detrimental impact on MM patients' outcomes and, thus, in this context, they should be used with rigorous criteria. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Am. J. Hematol., 2008.


BACKGROUND: As the prevalence of diabetes is high in the current scenario, globally it is very much essential to control diabetes as a nurse working in the medical profession. Apple cider vinegar has been proven to have beneficial effect in reducing hyperglycemia.. PURPOSE: The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of apple cider vinegar on reduction of blood glucose level among diabetic clients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi experimental pre-test and post test control group was conducted in the host institution of Saveetha Medical And Hospitals. There were 50 diabetic clients recruited using purposive sampling technique based on the inclusion criteria and the clients were divided into 2 groups, 25 in experimental group and control group respectively. A self-structured questionnaire method was used to collect the demographic and clinical data. The pre-test level of blood glucose was estimated in the laboratory. Followed by that, apple cider vinegar oral supplementation was given for one month of about 15ml once a day for the study participants in the experimental group and the study participants in the control group were continued with their own medications and the post-test level of blood glucose were reassessed after one month in both the groups. RESULTS: The results revealed that, pre-test mean score of fasting blood sugar is 159.36 with standard deviation 81.37, in post-test mean score 122.28 with SD 53.66, calculated paired t test value t= 4.501 at level of p<0.001. The pre-test mean score of post prandial sugar is 248.44 with standard deviation 102.05, in post-test mean score 187.36 with SD 57.28, calculated paired t test value t= 3.983 at level of p< 0.001. This clearly infers administration of apple cider vinegar was found to be effective in reducing blood glucose among diabetic clients.


The interconnections between brain and heart are increasingly recognized. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as "broken heart syndrome", is characterized by a cardiovascular dysfunction provoked by an emotional or stressful situation. Similar events can trigger a neurological pathology called transient global amnesia. These conditions can occur simultaneously, although their precise connection is not well understood. We aim to present the case of a patient who experienced them and to review the relevant literature.


Denoising of magnetic resonance (MR) images enhances diagnostic accuracy, the quality of image manipulations such as registration and segmentation, and parameter estimation. The first objective of this paper is to introduce a new, high-performance, nonlocal filter for noise reduction in MR image sets consisting of progressively-weighted, that is, multispectral, images. This filter is a multispectral extension of the nonlocal maximum likelihood filter (NLML). Performance was evaluated on synthetic and in-vivo T2- and T1-weighted brain imaging data, and compared to the nonlocal-means(NLM) and its multispectral version, that is, MS-NLM, and the nonlocal maximum likelihood (NLML) filters. Visual inspection of filtered images and quantitative analyses showed that all filters provided substantial reduction of noise. Further, as expected, the use of multispectral information improves filtering quality. In addition, numerical and experimental analyses indicated that the new multispectral NLML filter, MS-NLML, demonstrated markedly less blurring and loss of image detail than seen with the other filters evaluated. In addition, since noise standard deviation (SD) is an important parameter for all of these nonlocal filters, a multispectral extension of the method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of noise amplitude is presented and compared to both local and nonlocal MLE methods. Numerical and experimental analyses indicated the superior performance of this multispectral method for estimation of noise SD.


Distinguishing between the primary and secondary origin of the organic components in atmospheric aerosols is one of the key parameters in assessing the relevance and role of different chemical species in the overall chemistry of the atmosphere. Currently available methods used in field measurements are not able to fully discriminate between the primary or secondary origin of compounds detected in atmospheric aerosols. This thesis presents a new analytical method for examining the primary and secondary origin of certain organic constituents, 2-methyltetrols, in biogenic atmospheric aerosol based on chirality. Chirality is a molecular structure property that makes a pair of compounds to be mirror images of each other. Consequently, compounds with chirality represent challenges for their study as individual species. This is of importance because 2-methyltetrols have been studied so far solely as two diastereomeric constituents, 2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol, when in reality they are four different compounds: (2R,3S)-methylerythritol, (2S,3R)-methylerythritol, (2S,3S)-methylthreitol and (2R,3R)-mehtylthreitol. Furthermore, 2-methylerythritol and 2-methylthreitol are currently used as the main tracers for the contribution of isoprene to the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Therefore, a new method directed to the chiral analysis of 2-methyltetrols was developed and applied to atmospheric samples collected at Aspvreten, Sweden, the Amazon, Brazil, and Hyytiala, Finland. The results indicate that 2-methyltetrols in samples from the three sites have both primary and secondary origins with variability among sites as well as seasons. The estimates of the minimum primary origin contribution represent a significant fraction of the total mass of 2-methyltetrols in the samples. In some samples the contribution was as high as 30% of the total mass of these compounds. Even though 2-methyltetrols have secondary origin, their use as tracers for the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene should be discouraged, unless relative primary contributions are considered, as this study has demonstrated that they have primary origin as well. Moreover, the development and application of chiral analytical methods should be prioritized in order to improve the prevailing understanding of the real chemical composition and origin of chiral compounds in atmospheric aerosols.


Mycotoxin contamination in certain agricultural commodities has been a serious concern for human and animal health. Mycotoxins are substances produced mostly as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi that grow on seeds, grains, and feed in the field, or in storage. The major mycotoxin-producing fungi are species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, cyclopiazonic acid, patulin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, citrinin, gliotoxin, and sterigmatocystin are some of the important mycotoxins. This paper reviews the mycotoxigenic fungi, their levels of mycotoxins, and their management by using botanicals, microbiologicals, and cooking methods in rice. The data from detailed investigations on rice seeds and grains help to provide safe grains for consumption and export, and prioritize future research programs.


This document is intended to serve as a starting point for discussions with potential vendors and service providers of scholarly communications infrastructure. It is not targeted at any specific type of vendor or product, but instead should be appropriate for a wide array of options. It also tries to make no assumptions about the organization doing the investigation. For these reasons, there are likely questions, or whole sections, that will not be appropriate for your specific case. Do not feel obligated to answer everything. Further, there will be some questions and sections that are critical to your processes. When this is the case, take the time to dig deeper into the discussions, both internally and with the vendors or service providers.

The checklist is divided into two parts:

Questions for you to ask internally to help guide the discussion. If possible, these should be asked before interacting with the vendors or service providers. This may not be practical; however, it is critical not to skip this section, because knowing your organizational values and expectations is key in this process.

Questions for you to ask vendors or service providers. These questions should be guided by the values and expectations exposed in the first section, and are intended to help in both selecting appropriate vendors and assuring the correct services and contracts are discussed.


Phase equilibria of the "Cu2O"–Al2O3–SiO2 system have been experimentally investigated at metallic copper saturation. High-temperature equilibration, rapid quenching, and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) techniques have been used. Containerless equilibration technique has been developed to enable the phase equilibrium of this chemically reactive system to be investigated. The microstructures and compositions of all phases present in the quenched sample were measured accurately using EPMA. The isothermals between 1150°C and 1300°C have been determined in the "Cu2O"–Al2O3–SiO2 system at metallic copper saturation. The following primary phase fields were identified in the system: SiO2 (tridymite), Cu2O (cuprite), Cu2O.Al2O3 (delafossite), Al2O3 (corundum), and 3Al2O3·2SiO2 (mullite). The implications of the phase diagram on making of the copper aluminosilicate glass have been demonstrated.


The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is essential in nucleic acid amplification tests and is widely used in many applications such as infectious disease detection, tumor screening, and food safety testing; however, most PCR devices have inefficient heating and cooling ramp rates for the solution, which significantly limit their application in special scenarios such as hospital emergencies, airports, and customs. Here, we propose a temperature control strategy to significantly increase the ramp rates for the solution temperature by switching microfluidic chips between multiple temperature zones and excessively increasing the temperature difference between temperature zones and the solution; accordingly, we have designed an ultrafast thermocycler. The results showed that the ramp rates of the solution temperature are a linear function of temperature differences within a range, and a larger temperature difference would result in faster ramp rates. The maximum heating and cooling ramp rates of the 25 μL solution reached 24.12 °C/s and 25.28 °C/s, respectively, and the average ramp rate was 13.33 °C/s, 6–8 times higher than that of conventional commercial PCR devices. The thermocycler achieved 9 min (1 min pre-denaturation + 45 PCR cycles) ultrafast nucleic acid amplification, shortening the time by 92% compared to the conventional 120 min nucleic acid amplification, and has the potential to be used for rapid nucleic acid detection.


Egyptians were proud of their Pharaonic background. Thus, after their Christianization Coptic art and architecture had been affected by ancient Egyptian civilization. When Christians began to erect their churches, they adopted some architectural and artistic features from the Pharaonic Civilization. In fact, Coptic art and architecture has its own type, independent from the Egyptian, Hellenistic or other styles, however it had been influenced by these styles of the previous civilizations. When the Copts started to establish their churches some architectural elements had been adopted from ancient Egyptian temples such as the "Hypostyle Hall", which is considered the prototype of the "Basilican Plan" of the Christian church. Since the early times of Christianity Copts retained a triple division design of their churches similar to that of the ancient Egyptian temples. Dome also is the most important architectural element in Coptic Church. This architectural element most probably had been adopted from ancient Egyptian civilization. Some other architectural elements may have been also adopted from the ancient Egyptian architecture such as Coptic apses, and altars. Coptic art had been influenced by ancient Egyptian art as well. Ancient Egyptian common art subjects like fishing and farming had been represented frequently in Coptic art. The objective of the paper is to introduce an overview about Coptic architecture and art, its development and its connection with ancient Egyptian civilization. The research highlights the ancient origin of the most important Coptic architectural and artistic elements in Coptic churches. A historical analysis of these elements and their functions was introduced to understand the connection between different civilizations, and how it is normal for any civilization to adopt from the previous civilizations. Descriptive method had been used in this study which was useful in describing different architectural and artistic aspects related to the topic. Analysis of the different factors that helped in this adoption, the ancient Egyptian origin of some architectural and artistic elements in Coptic JFTH Vol. 17, Issue 1 (2019) ISSN: 2314-7024 E-ISSN: 2682-2180 The Ancient Egyptian Origin of Some Architectural and Artistic Elements in Coptic Christianity Rehab Sharafeldean 46 Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Vol. 17, Issue 1 (2019) Church, and the differences between ancient and Coptic believes which make the use of each element in Christianity serves another purpose, are also studied in the research.


We analyze the anomalous dynamics of a tagged monomer under external navigation. The memory effect causing the anomaly is elucidated, which depends on the magnitude of the force. In particular, the nonlinear and nonequilibrium memory effect under strong force is characterized by the force-dependent self-affine process for the tension transmission along the connectivity. Utilizing such knowledge, a generalized Langevin equation approach is proposed to quantify the fluctuating dynamics of driven anomalous walkers.


Millennialism, eschatology, and apocalypticism. This aricle consists of four parts. Firstly, it describes briefly and elementarily the origins of millennialism as it manifested in the history of theoligy. Secondly, it reflects on some of the new and challenging ways New Testament scholars nowadays study eschatology and apocalypticism from a social-scientific perspecive on the conception of time in the first-century Mediterranean world and from the cultural psychological perspective on altered states of consciousness. Thirdly, the articile aims at applying the social-political results of the study to the interpretation of the expression "one thousand year reign" in Revelation 20:1-10.


As exploration missions venture beyond low-Earth orbit and to the Moon — and eventually Mars — NASA must consider automated technologies to keep habitats operational even when they are not occupied by astronauts. To help achieve this, NASA has selected two new Space Technology Research Institutes (STRIs) to advance space habitat designs using resil


Malignant Leydig cell tumours of the testis occur in only 0.1-0.3% of patients with testicular tumours. Less than 50 cases of malignant Leydig cells tumours have been previously reported. A report of a new case is presented. This tumour was unusual because of high progesterone level. We analyzed malignant pathologic signs of Leydig cell tumours as immunohistochemical proliferation index. Management of this tumour, for which chemotherapy is not yet available, is discussed.


A series of Co-rich CoxFeyNiz alloys was successfully produced using the mechanical alloying method. To check the stability of their structure thermal treatment was applied subsequently. Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate some structural and micro-magnetic properties of mechanosynthesized as well as thermally treated alloys. X-ray diffraction measurements proved that during mechanical alloying solid solutions with b.c.c. or f.c.c. lattices were formed, while thermal processing in some cases provided to decomposition into the mixture of b.c.c. and f.c.c. phases. Mössbauer spectra were fitted using hyperfine magnetic field distribution method. The average value of hyperfine magnetic field induction ranged from 31.5 to 35.5 T. In the case of some thermally treated samples, shapes of distributions reflect two-phase character of the alloys. For this reason curves of distribution were numerically fitted using two Gaussian functions, which were attributed to the suitable phases. The area of individual components was calculated.


Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most common diseases in adult males. Currently, mp-MRI imaging represents the most promising technique for screening, diagnosing, and managing this cancer. However, the multiple mp-MRI sequences' visual interpretation is not straightforward and may present crucial inter-reader variability in the diagnosis, especially when the images contradict each other. In this work, we propose a computer-aided diagnostic system to assist the radiologist inlocating and segmenting prostate lesions. As fully convolutional neural networks (UNet) have proved themselves the leading algorithm for biomedical image segmentation, we investigate their use to find PCa lesions and segment for accurate lesions contours jointly. We offer a fully automatic system via MultiResUNet, initially proposed to segment skin cancer. We trained and validated an altered version of the MultiResUnet model using an augmented Radboudumc prostate cancer dataset and obtained encouraging results. An accuracy of 98.34\% is achieved, outperforming the concurrent system based on deep architecture.


Context. Thanks to various space missions and the progress of ground-based observational techniques, the knowledge of asteroids has considerably increased in the recent years. Aims. Due to this increasing database that accompanies this evolution, we compute for a set of 100 asteroids their rotational parameters: the moments of inertia along the principal axes of the object, the obliquity of the axis of rotation with respect to the orbital plane, the precession rates, and the nutation coefficients. Methods. We select 100 asteroids for which the parameters for the study are well-known from observations or space missions. For each asteroid, we determine the moments of inertia, assuming an ellipsoidal shape. We calculate their obliquity from their orbit (instead of the ecliptic) and the orientation of the spin-pole. Finally, we calculate the precession rates and the largest nutation components. The number of asteroids concerned leads to some statistical studies of the output. Results. We provide a table of rotational parameters for our set of asteroids. The table includes the obliquity, their axes ratio, their dynamical ellipticity Hd, and the scaling factor K. We compute the precession rate ˙ ψ and the leading nutation coefficients Δψ and Δe. We observe similar characteristics, as observed by previous authors that is, a significantly larger number of asteroids rotates in the prograde mode (≈60%) than in the retrograde one with a bimodal distribution. In particular, there is a deficiency of objects with a polar axis close to the orbit. The precession rates have a mean absolute value of 18 �� /y, and the leading nutation coefficients have an average absolute amplitude of 5.7 �� for Δψ and 5.2 �� for Δe. At last, we identify and characterize some cases with large precession rates, as seen in 25143 Itokawa, with has a precession rate of about −475 �� /y.


Permaculture is an approach to agriculture that is based on designing gardens, farms and settlements to meet the needs of the earth and humans in the long term. Originally a melding of the words permanent and agriculture, permaculture has now expanded to signify permanent culture. The ideals and guidelines of permaculture are not only useful for creating a sustainable food supply, but can also be applied to all aspects of creating a sustainable culture, such as housing, urban planning, (...)


Nonsynaptic signaling is becoming increasingly appreciated in studies of activity-dependent changes in the nervous system. We investigated the types of neuronal activity that elicit nonsynaptic communication between neurons and glial cells in hippocampal output fibers. High-frequency, but not low-frequency, action potential firing in myelinated CA1 axons of the hippocampus resulted in increased phosphorylation of the oligodendrocyte-specific protein myelin basic protein (MBP). This change was blocked by tetrodotoxin, indicating that axonally generated action potentials were necessary to regulate the phosphorylation state of MBP. Furthermore, scavengers of the reactive oxygen species superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors prevented activation of this neuron–glia signaling pathway. These results indicate that, during periods of increased neuronal activity in area CA1 of the hippocampus, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated, which diffuse to neighboring oligodendrocytes and result in post-translational modifications of MBP, a key structural protein in myelin. Thus, in addition to their well-known capacity for activity-dependent neuron–neuron signaling, hippocampal pyramidal neurons possess a mechanism for activity-dependent neuron–glia signaling.


The analyses of parent-child well performance is a complex problem depending on the interplay between timing, completion design, formation properties, direct frac-hits and well spacing. Assessing the impact of well spacing on parent or child well performance is therefore challenging. A naïve approach that is purely observational does not control for completion design or formation properties and can compromise well spacing decisions and economics and perhaps, lead to non-intuitive results. By using concepts from causal inference in randomized clinical trials, we quantify the impact of well spacing decisions on parent and child well performance.
 The fundamental concept behind causal inference is that causality facilitates prediction; but being able to predict does not imply causality because of association between the variables. In this study, we work with a large dataset of over 3000 wells in a large oil-bearing province in Texas. The dataset includes several covariates such as completion design (proppant/fluid volumes, frac-stages, lateral length, cluster spacing, clusters/stage and others) and formation properties (mechanical and petrophysical properties) as well as downhole location. We evaluate the impact of well spacing on 6-month and 1-year cumulative oil in four groups associated with different ranges of parent-child spacing. By assessing the statistical balance between the covariates for both parent and child well groups (controlling for completion and formation properties), we estimate the causal impact of well spacing on parent and child well performance. We compare our analyses with the routine naïve approach that gives non-intuitive results.
 In each of the four groups associated with different ranges of parent-child well spacing, the causal workflow quantifies the production loss associated with the parent and child well. This degradation in performance is seen to decrease with increasing well spacing and we provide an optimal well spacing value for this specific multi-bench unconventional play that has been validated in the field. The naïve analyses based on simply assessing association or correlation, on the contrary, shows increasing child well degradation for increasing well spacing, which is simply not supported by the data. The routinely applied correlative analyses between the outcome (cumulative oil) and predictors (well spacing) fails simply because it does not control for variations in completion design over the years, nor does it account for variations in the formation properties.
 To our knowledge, there is no other paper in petroleum engineering literature that speaks of causal inference. This is a fundamental precept in medicine to assess drug efficacy by controlling for age, sex, habits and other covariates. The same workflow can easily be generalized to assess well spacing decisions and parent-child well performance across multi-generational completion designs and spatially variant formation properties.


The article presents the concept of evil, as developed in the literary as well as philosophical works of Albert Camus. After a short, preliminary notice on the relationship between literature and evil, the article presents two spheres, in which the problem of evil was grasped by the author of The Rebel. In the main part of the article, the complexity of the problem of evil, as represented by Jean-Baptiste Clamence from The Fall is shown. It is seen as a development of the concept of evil from The Plague, with the potency to disseminate onto others. It is also perceived, as something resulting from severe trauma of the main character. In conclusion, I claim, that the problem of evil, as experienced by Clamence may be understood as a still relevant metaphor of contemporary culture, struggling with passivity against the rise of social evil.


Abstract The excitation energies of He and B isotopes in the p-shell region have been calculated by using large-basis no-core (i.e. considering all nucleons active with partial restrictions imposed on some nucleons). The shell model calculations have been performed using spsdpf model space with wbt effective residual interaction fitted for the p-shell nuclei. Three set of restrictions have been imposed named (0 + 1)ħωω , (0 + 2)ħωω , (0 + 3)ħωω in our calculations have been used. The comparison of our theoretical work with the recent available experimental data shows that the restriction (0 + 3)ħωω gives best results for Helium isotopes while (0 + 1)ħωω is in better agreement with the experiment for Boron isotopes.


The objective of research was to determine grain yield, hectoliter weight, grain proteins and starch content of 17 winter barley cultivars from trials at four locations (Tovarnik, Nova Gradiska, Pozega and Osijek) and during three years (2002 to 2005). AH traits were significantly influenced by year (Y), location (L) and genotype (G) while sowing rate (300 and 450 seeds per m2) and genotype*sowing rate (G*D) did not affect trait means (P<0,05). Interactions as year* sowing rate (Y*D), location*sowing rate (L*D) and year*location*sowing rate caused significant influence to grain yield and proteins and starch content in grains. Regression coefficient "bi", ecovalence "W," and variance of deviations from regressions "S2dj" pointed out best performance of cultivars Barun, Bingo and Gvozd in more intensive growing conditions due to its top yielding, lowest proteins and rich starch content of grains. Opposite to this, best yield and quality performance of cultivars at low input production could be expected from cultivars Plaisant, Vanessa, Favorit, Lord and Heraklo.


As noted by Samuelson in his introduction of the Strong Independence axiom, essentially the same set of axioms rationalize an Expected Utility representation of preferences over lotteries with (i) a scalar payoff such as money and (ii) vector payoffs such as quantities of different commodities. Assume a two-good setting, where an individual's preferences satisfy the Strong Independence axiom for lotteries paying off quantities of each good separately. This paper identifies the incremental axioms required for the preference relation over lotteries paying off the vector of goods to also satisfy the Strong Independence axiom. The key element of this extension is a Coherence axiom which requires a particular "meshing together" of certainty preferences over commodity bundles and preferences over non-degenerate lotteries for individual goods. The Coherence axiom is shown to have interesting theoretical implications for Allais paradox-like behavior when confronting lotteries over multiple goods.


After labor brachial plexus injury is caused by traction of brachial plexus. Frequently, upper extremity motor functions which were impaired, improves. Brachial plexus palsy and phrenic nerve palsy may be concurrent in newborns. Breech presentation, macrosomia, maternal diabetes, forceps/vacuum extraction, shoulder dystocia are known main risk factors. We present here, a macrosomic case who had prolonged respiratory distress and diagnosed Erb-Duchenne paralysis with diaphragmatic paralysis.


Abstract : The 1976 Study of US Army Libraries recommended that the technical processing functions of each Army library be consolidated or centralized at the installation level. 'Integration of New Technology in Army Libraries' determined the feasibility of installation-level networking of technical processing activities, and develops the means through which new technology can be integrated into Army libraries. Site visits to Fort Belvoir, Virginia and Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, libraries gathered information that detailed current library technical processing operations for monographs, serials, and technical reports. Library automated turnkey systems and alternative configurations for consolidation were examined. Based on gathered data, a cost model was developed and applied to decentralized, installation-level, and command-level technical processing. Recommendations include projected organizational, staffing, and budget requirements, and an implementation plan for installation-level consolidation.


The article discusses the possibilities of using a system consisting of small nuclear reactors, solar collectors and a heat accumulator in future carbon-free conditions. Kraków (Poland) was chosen as an example of a city supplied with electricity, and heat from the discussed system. The demand for electricity and heat was estimated, possible technical solutions were proposed in an approximate manner and monthly balances of electricity and heat were calculated. It was found impossible to meet the energy needs by using only renewable sources in specific conditions of moderate and season-dependent intensity values of sun and wind. The only and efficient option that is able to cover the city's demand for electricity and heat is a nuclear power plant, consisting, for example, of NuScale nuclear units in combination with solar collectors and a properly selected heat accumulator. Fifty MWel reactors were considered, but a new version of the NuScale modular reactor with a modular capacity of 77 MWel is also briefly shown.


Strained-Si channel devices have recently become of interest for future high-performance applications due to higher carrier mobility and preservation of conventional device structure/geometry. One important feature in the strained-Si devices is the heterostructural band offset in the channel and buffer layer, which reduces V/sub t/, thereby increasing I/sub off/. We assess the circuit performance of strained-Si devices including SSOI via a physics-based circuit model calibrated against fabricated 70 nm strained and unstrained (control) devices. Device design point and performance projection and trade-off are presented, thus allowing exploitation of maximum performance in the strained-Si devices.


The paper describes larval, pupal and adult morphology as well as the karyotype of Chironomus polonicus sp. n. from southern Poland. The material has been obtained from reared egg masses collected in Bolesław pool, near Kraków. The species belongs to the pseudothummi cytocomplex with 2n = 8 and chromosome arm combinations AE, BF, CD, G. Several homozygous inversions distinguish arm A of the new species from that of C. pseudothummi Strenzke. Arm F is similar to that of C. aprilinus Meigen and differs from it by few steps of homozygous inversions. Few morphological differences in the pupa and adult are also presented.


The beach dunes at Fort Ord, California, were historically used as small arms firing ranges, resulting in the accumulation of spent bullets and varying concentrations of lead in soil. The form of the lead, and thus its bioavailability, is important in assessing associated ecological risks at firing ranges. Of particular interest at the beach firing ranges at Fort Ord are two species of buckwheat plants that provide habitat for an endangered butterfly. Initially, lead concentrations in soil and plant chaff were measured and root elongation bioassays were conducted. A linear correlation between lead in soil and lead in plant chaff was observed. However, the results of the bioassays were highly variable with no clear dose response pattern. Additional field studies were conducted to (1) further characterize lead concentrations in soil and plant tissue and (2) evaluate associations between soil lead concentrations and plant morphometric-variables. A relationship between soil and tissue lead concentrations was demonstrated. No significant associations between soil lead levels and plant health/condition were detected. Significant associations were observed between plant health/condition and factors other than lead.


To study the distribution of myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) in human nervous tissue and in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, we used paraffin sections and our modification of the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique. Sections of MS lesions also were treated with antiserum to basic protein (BP) and with histological stains for axons and myelin sheaths. In tissue from normal developing central nervous system, oligodendroglia, their processes, and newly formed myelin sheaths were intensely stained by MAG antiserum. In adults, MAG was found in periaxonal regions of myelinated fibers of the central and peripheral nervous system. The most striking finding in MS lesions was the extension of decreased MAG immunostaining into white matter that appeared normal when treated with BP antiserum or luxol fast blue. In acute early MS lesions the decrease in MAG immunostaining extended far beyond the margin of acute demyelination, where the BP staining of degenerating sheaths often was increased. In chronic inactive plaques, this decrease in periaxonal MAG immunostaining was limited to relatively few fibers in a thin rim around each lesion. These observations suggest that in MS, immunoreactivity of periaxonal MAG is altered before myelin breakdown begins. Early in degeneration, myelin sheaths and their fragments often were more intensely stained by BP antiserum than normal sheaths; later the staining intensity decreased. In shadow plaques, BP antiserum stained some oligodendroglia. Their appearance and location among thinly myelinated axons suggested that these oligondendroglia were forming new sheaths around previously demyelinated axons.


This study analyzed influence factors and the correlation among pollutants which affect occurrence of leaked pollution based on the long-term runoff flow and water quality investigation results to understand the characteristics of highway rainfall runoff pollution load. According to the result of correlation analysis on TSS (Total Suspended Solid) concentration, anteceded dry days, rainfall intensity, traffic volume and etc. as major influence factors of highway rainfall runoff pollution loads, the correlations were weak or scarce in most items. These results might be attributed that runoff pollutant concentration changes vary severely on changes of rainfall intensity and rainfall duration within rainfall and it is affected by disturbances of vehicles and street cleaning and etc. as characteristics of the highway. While Cu, Fe and Zn which are discharged with high concentrations out of heavy metals showed high correlation with particulate matter, organic matter(COD), nutrient(TN, TP), Ni and Pb showed relatively low correlation in a correlation evaluation by pollutant. Significant correlation with traffic volumes was not shown and TSS concentration even decreased in accordance with increase of the traffic volume. In the comparison with precedent studies, it was considered necessary additional analysis of the effects of rainfall section analysis, road type, disturbances of surface contaminants by vehicles, rainfall and climate conditions, surrounding terrains etc.


'Strangers to Ourselves' comprised two exhibitions and accompanying catalogues focusing on migration, dislocation and exile. Rossi, Belleguic and Stewart co-curated the exhibitions. Rossi also exhibited a large scale painting 'Le Radeau'.

'Strangers' sought to celebrate cultural diversity within the framework of migration and present a serious exploration of the subject. The project responded to the particularity of audience, site and context and explored new models of curatorial practice reflecting unfolding global events questioning the place of the political within cultural work. This ambitious project was devised in two parts: one encompassed 12 venues simultaneously across the stretch of coast running along the South East of England; the other reflected a geographical shift from periphery to centre, London being the preferred destination for most migrants.

With support from the Arts Council of England, the Henry Moore Foundation, Sussex Hospitals NHS and local authorities concerned with the issues, major new work was commissioned from artists including Pavel Buchler, Adam Chodzko Igor, and Svetlana Kopystiansky, much of which has since featured in international exhibitions including the Istanbul Biennale.

Focus on the subject matter was encouraged by gallery talks by the artists and by a conference held at the Kent Institute of Art and Design on 1 November 2003.


The parabolic equation method is used to study wave propagation in inhomogeneous random media. Differential equations for the average field and second-order mutual coherence function are derived. The equations are similar in form to those obtained for homogeneous media but are considerably more difficult to solve. Approximate solutions for plane wave propagation are obtained and their region of validity determined. Numerical examples of a localized turbulent ball are presented to illustrate some of the features of the average field and mutual coherence function. The results show a high dependence on the transverse extent of the medium and are significantly different from the corresponding results for homogeneous media.


INTRODUCTION
Psoriasis is a frequent dermatosis, its prevalence is estimated of between 1 and 3 p. 100. The severe forms may threaten the functional and life prognosis of patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study on 160 cases of severe psoriasis collected between 1990 and 2001. We included patients exhibiting severe psoriasis: pustular, erythrodermic or arthropathic psoriasis, the generalized forms that had developed for more than 6 months, without positive response to treatment and the forms with a PASI greater than 50.

RESULTS
The patients' ages ranged from 6 to 85 years with a clear male predominance (96 men, 64 women). Nine familial cases were collected. Erythroderma was noted in 87 cases, pustular psoriasis in 31, generalized psoriasis in 31 and psoriatic rheumatism in 15 (4 of which were associated with pustular psoriasis). Local treatment with topical corticosteroids or a Vitamin D derivative was recommended in respectively 41.8 and 13.75 p. 100 of cases. The administration of general treated relied on methotrexate and was required in 68.75 p. 100 of cases. Progression was usually good, relapses were often noted when treatment was stopped. Four patients died.

DISCUSSION
Although the diagnosis of psoriasis is often easy, the severe forms are still difficult to treat. Treatment is complicated, sometimes disappointing and often necessitates heavy and aggressive treatments that require strict surveillance.


This paper proposes a vertical handover mechanism for mobile devices to keep connection with the Internet in wired and wireless coexistence networks. To support vertical handover between two heterogeneous access networks, the intermediate driver including a virtual miniport driver and a virtual protocol driver is developed newly. Then, an actual IP address is assigned to the virtual miniport driver. In addition, the intermediate driver includes the media independent handover (MIH) function of IEEE 802.21 standards group for efficient converging of two heterogeneous adapters. When communication via the running adapter gets disconnected while in service, the disconnection of the running adapter is automatically detected by the MIH function and then handover occurs by mapping information on the other adapter to the virtual adapter. Using the proposed handover mechanism, the session can be continued seamlessly even when handover between heterogeneous network adapters occurs at lower level in Internet applications. To evaluate the proposed handover mechanism, actual experiments are performed for wired and wireless coexistence networks using various internet applications, and then their results are discussed.


Consumers who use electronic decision aids such as comparison-shopping agents may be overwhelmed by the amount of choice information available to them, leading to an inability to choose or dissatisfaction with the ultimate choice, a state of "choice overload." Two experiments were designed to test the choice overload hypothesis. Eight choice tasks of different sizes were presented to subjects. By observing the decision quality, decision time, and decision confidence, we confirmed our hypothesis that choice overload exists when the comparison matrix exceeds a certain size (24 choices and 10 attributes for each choice in this research). Subjects were then given different combinations of decision-making tools (sorting and short-listing) and conditions (refreshing of information) to deal with the same choice task within the choice overload range obtained from the initial experiment. The use of both decision-making tools unexpectedly required more decision-making effort and resulted in less decision satisfaction than when only one decision-making tool was provided. We believe these findings are relevant to the future development of electronic decision aids. Further research is needed in this direction to extend our understanding of decision-making in electronic decision aids mediated environment.


Matchless is one of a number of copper-zinc sulfide deposits associated with the Matchless amphibolite belt in the upper Proterozoic Damara orogen. Within the belt, amphibolite is interlayered with quartz-mica schist, believed to represent flysch-type sediment deposited during the initial opening of a Damaran ocean. Two major deformation events involving isoclinal folding and thrusting are recognized. D 1 produced a pronounced layering which is everywhere parallel to the bedding. F 2 folds deform the earlier S 1 cleavage and layering. The dominant structure is an S 2 -spaced cleavage which strikes east-northeast and dips to the northwest. Major porphyroblastic mineral growth took place subsequent to D 2 at lower amphibolite facies metamorphic grade. A minor D 3 deformation event produced crenulation and fracture cleavages.The copper-zinc deposits occur within a stratiform zone of sulfide-bearing rocks. Massive sulfide ore occupies three shoots plunging northwest parallel to the F 2 fold axes. The footwall to the ore shoots consists of pyrite-bearing quartz-muscovite schist with interlayered bands of massive pyrite-quartz-muscovite rock and a distinctive biotite-bearing marker schist. In the hanging wall are chloritic schists, with variable proportions of quartz, ankerite, and calcic amphibole, bands of magnetite quartzite, and amphibolite.


Introduction: the restoration of endodontically treated teeth is complex and controversial, and its prognosis is directly related to the quality of endodontic treatment and the final restoration, which should ensure a proper marginal seal to prevent coronary filtration and avoid subsequent endodontic failure. It has been shown that to handle badly a post-endodontic canal could cause failures for skiddingand microorganisms filtration which are found in the oral cavity and derived products to the apical portion of the root. Many factors during the endo-restorer treatment phase directly influence in its prognosis: apical sealant quality, residual amount of gutta-percha, early or late desobturation, sealing ability of the temporary or permanent restoration, disinfection canal among other. Objective: the purpose is to update professionals about clinical parameters to take into account in the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth, for this it is necessary to follow all the procedures under strict protocol and proper aseptic chain to prevent bacterial contamination. Methods: the literature search was conducted using the following terms coronal restoration, microfiltration, desobturation root, quality and endodontic status, articles that evaluated the effect of the quality of the root filling and coronal restoration or both in the success of a root canal were selected. Fifty-three articles were identified and reviewed by two investigators. Data were obtained from databases such as: Hinari, Science Direct, Wiley interscience, and indexed sources national and indexed sources national and international to predetermined criteria. Results: according to the concepts of infection control, all instruments and equipment placed inside the root canal must be sterile. Prevention of microfiltration is an important success endodontically treated tooth appearance, which must be rehabilitated in a short period of time between endodontics and final Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2015;52(1) Órgano Oficial de la Sociedad Cubana de Estomatología ISSN-1561-297X


Micromechanical techniques were developed to pull apart single floc particles 6 to 40 μm in size in order to measure floc strengths and fractal dimensions. Flocs were formed by aggregating aqueous precipitated calcium carbonate sols with two water-soluble polymers. The tensile strengths ranged from 20 to 200 nN and showed no correlation with floc sizes when plotted on logarithmic scales. Flocs created by the two flocculant systems were found to have fractal dimensions of 1.8 and 2.4 based on analysis of fragment sizes. The compact flocs favored breakup by surface erosion, whereas flocs characterized by the lower fractal dimension tended to undergo large scale fragmentation. Comparison of the two polymeric flocculants revealed that both the fractal dimension and the tendency for ruptured fragments to reflocculate were sensitive to the polymer used.


We describe the design and use of AUDIOGRAPH - a tool for investigating the use of music in the communication of graphical information to blind and partially sighted users. This paper examines the use of the system to communicate complex diagrams and gives some examples of user output. Performance is not as good as expected and it is postulated that context will play an important part in the perception of diagrams communicated using music. A set of experiments are reported which indicate that context does indeed seem to play an important role in assisting meaningful understanding of the diagrams communicated. The implications for using music in auditory interface design are discussed.


English is now considered as global language, and with every single day its users are increasing numerously. The paper aims to investigate the international students' attitudes towards English language focusing on a case of International students' in India. As the central university, The English and Foreign Lnguages (EFL) University India has many international students from a wide range of countries. The attitudes are in language skills and in other perspectives. Upon  the  completion  of  the  collection  of  data,  these  were analyzed,  computed  and  tabulated  using  MS Excel.The study incorporates quantitative approach and has used close ended questionnaire to collect data from the participants. A total number of twenty students participated in the study. From the findings of the data, The research shows that they had  shown  a  positive  attitude  towards  use  of  English  or  an increase  in  the  use  of  English. They believed that learning needs process. Motivation and self-confidence are also main factors to master English comprehensively. They also believe that EFL University is the best place in India to study English intensively.


Dr Grover Powers's reputation as a clinician, teacher, and sympathetic doctor is worldwide. I do not need to waste words in telling you how appreciative I am of the honor of being invited to stand here.
 A more accurate title for this talk might have been simply "Statistics," but that would have led members of any potential audience to find more urgent duties elsewhere, especially those who, like me, know that I am not a statistician. I do, however, respect both faith and doubt, the latter sometimes being elevated to hypothesis, and concerning which we can gather evidence and which our statistician friends can quantify, if we abide by certain ground rules in the accumulation of information. Uncertainty can be quantified but never eliminated. It can be given a comforting value, such as P < .01. My talk is intended to show how necessary it is for us to give the statistician data of high quality, and why we often fail to do so.
 The ancient method of making progress has been by observing events and comparing the results with previous experience–in medicine, with "my clinical experience." In Latin, the technique is described by the phrase "post hoc, ergo propter hoc." In the stone age, it led to the pressure flaking of razor-sharp knives from flint and obsidian. Later, our ancestors discovered agriculture, cheese-making, brewing, and the fermenting of grapes; the smelting of tin, copper, bronze, and iron; carbon steel; the recognition of all poisonous plants and animals; and tea, coffee, tobacco, hashish, opium, cocaine, quinine, oil of wintergreen, digitalis, mercury, cascara, curare, castor oil, and the Model T Ford.


The first simulations employing a kinetic treatment of both fuel and shell ions to model inertial confinement fusion experiments are presented, including results showing the importance of kinetic physics processes in altering fusion burn. A pair of direct drive capsule implosions performed at the OMEGA facility with two different gas fills of deuterium, tritium, and helium-3 are analyzed. During implosion shock convergence, highly non-Maxwellian ion velocity distributions and separations in the density and temperature amongst the ion species are observed. Diffusion of fuel into the capsule shell is identified as a principal process that degrades fusion burn performance.


TRH tests (500 micrograms, i.v. bolus) were performed in 15 patients with various hypothalamic or pituitary disorders and in 6 control subjects. TSH (highly sensitive RIA) and T3 were measured before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. after TRH. In 8 out of 15 patients, low circulating thyroid hormone levels were observed, but their basal TSH levels were all in the normal range or even higher (0.8 - 5.5 microU/ml). Further, their integrated TSH responses (38 +/- 21 microU/ml) did not differ significantly from those of control group (35 +/- 16 microU/ml). Except for 2 cases with hypothalamic hypothyroidism, T3 increments after TRH were found consistently lower than 5 ng/dl in these hypothyroid patients. One of them revealed significant elevations of T3, T4 and thyroid 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake after 5 I.U. x 2 i.m. bovine TSH. In 19 cases studied (2 cases with hypothalamic hypothyroidism were omitted), basal T3 levels were found to show quite a good correlation (r = 0.738) with T3 increments after TRH. Therefore, TSH values by radioimmunoassay in hypothalamo-pituitary disorders were considered not relevant to be the levels of a real thyroid stimulator, or they seemed to contain biologically inactive moieties. In conclusion, measurement of the TSH level and even the TRH-TSH test were found unreliable in diagnosing central hypothyroidism, and the TRH-T3 test appeared to give quite useful diagnostic information.


A field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons (2016-17 to 2020-21) at research farm of R.K. (P.G.) College, Shamli, with three replications under split-split plot design. FYM levels were taken as main plot, three N levels as sub plot and four biofertilizer treatments as sub-sub plot. Application of 10 ton FYM/ ha resulted significant decrease in bulk density from 1.23Mg/ M3 to 1.18 Mg/ M3. Joint inoculation with Azotobactor + Azospirillum resulted, 9.6, 25 and 11.02 percent higher WHC, organic carbon and available N in soil, respectively over no inoculation. The plots receiving 10 ton FYM/ ha maintained 24.76, 54.61 and 67.56 percent higher grain yield per spike, biological and grain yield/ ha, respectively over 0 ton FYM. Application of 120 kg N/ ha had 22.64, 31.83 and 31.46 percent higher grain yield/ spike, biomass and grain yield/ ha, respectively over 40 kg N. Highest protein (13.25%) was registered with 10 ton/ ha FYM. Azotobactor + Azospirillum had 7.06 percent higher protein over uninoculated control. Highest gross (₹ 112091/ ha), net return (₹ 76343/ ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.14) observed with 120 kg N/ ha. Azotobactor + Azospirillum resulted, 34.85 percent higher net return over no inoculation.

https://www.ijcmas.com/11-1-2022/P. K. Singh, et al.pdf


The silence of J.D. Salinger continues to be an enigma. That a successful writer should cease to publish at the height of his glory not only defeats our everyday notions about success, it also baffles the serious students of Salinger's work and life. His controversial biographer, Ian Hamilton, articulates the confusion quite aptly: American intellectuals look with compassion on those eastern bloc writers who have been silenced by the state, but here, in their own culture, a greatly loved author had elected to silence himself. He had freedom of speech but what he had ended up wanting more than anything else, it seemed, was the freedom to be silent. And the power to silence--to silence anyone who wanted to find out why he had stopped speaking. (8) Salinger's refusal to publish and shun public contact in life has encouraged adverse reactions from several critics. Warren French attributes his seclusion to "an inability to make the social adjustment expected of mature members of society" (33). James Lundquist is of the opinion that "his long silence as a writer and this insistence on personal privacy makes him a difficult writer to understand and to read with much sympathy" (31). A more rigorous analysis of Salinger's refusal to publish his works and to make himself public can be found in Ihab Hassan's book, The Dismemberment of Orpheus. Here and in his article "Almost the Voice of Silence," Hassan seeks to find a place for Salinger in the literary tradition of silence which includes de Sade, the dadaists, the surrealists and authors like Hemingway, Kafka, Camus, and Beckett. Silence in these authors as Hassan avers is used as a metaphor for all kinds of negative stances--anti-literature, alienation from reason and nature and creation of anti-language. The writer behind Buddy, Salinger himself, gradually becomes as silent as an ideal reader. At first the silence is metaphoric, twisted and loving locutious digressions, language shattered in its efforts to free itself of kitsch and sentimentality. In the end Salinger ceases to publish. Is this some form of holy refusal? (Hassan 251) Ihab Hassan and other sympathetic critics of Salinger seem to have found a philosophical basis for his silence. They try to establish that Salinger's silence is not merely an act of whimsy or a publicity stunt, but a conscious intellectual and spiritual stance worthy of sober critical attention. However, the silence of Salinger cannot be fully understood from the narrow perspective of Beckettian or Kafkaesque insubstantial imagination which believes in representing inauthentic consciousness through a cessation of language. Salinger's gesture of silence and withdrawal may be part of a larger effort to enact in life the values he hitherto problematized in art. Ultimately, in silence, his ideals of life and art coalesce. Two of the most fundamental concerns of Salinger's career have been his search for "right living" as a human being and "right expression" as an artist. Moreover, he is one of the few modern writers whose art and life complement each other so well that one seems to be the extension of the other, Ian Hamilton records Leila Hadley remembering Salinger talking of Holden Caufield as a "real" person, his own Caulfieldian aversion to cliches and his measured speech habits and silence, like his own character Raymond Ford in "The Inverted Forest": "He did not speak much; he did not speak unless he had to speak" (Hamilton 126). Right from the beginning, Salinger, like many of his fictional characters, had shown his disaffection for what David Reisman in The Lonely Crowd (1950) calls the "other-directed" life--the dominant competitive, egocentric, materialistic zeitgeist of twentieth century America. The pressure to conform to the success orientation and individualistic self-aggrandizement which formed the basis of the market society had driven him to the edge of sanity as it had done to the characters in his fiction. …


The Master Curve approach is being introduced in the evaluation of the fracture toughness of low-alloy ferritic steels used in reactor pressure vessels. The Master Curve provides significant technical enhancements compared with the methodology currently incorporated in the ASME code. The fundamental understanding of Master Curve has been achieved, but application issues are emerging facing the integrity evaluation of reactor pressure vessels. The current situation of the Master Curve methodology is reviewed in this paper, including the last developments for WWER reactors. The open issues are discussed, and the preliminary results from investigations being carried out in Spain are presented.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Pregnancies associated with T1D have increased risks of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, though continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been associated with significant reductions in the latter. We examined the clinical effectiveness of CGM in T1D pregnancies in a real-world setting. We retrospectively identified T1D pregnancies managed with either CGM therapy (n=81) or self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (n=77) over a 6.5-year period (1/1/14 to 8/31/20) at the Barbara Davis Center (BDC) for T1D and at obstetric practices in Colorado and Wyoming for obstetric care. CGM use was defined as ≥60% wear in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Baseline characteristics and maternal/fetal outcomes data were obtained from the BDC electronic medical record system and the vital statistics departments of Colorado and Wyoming. We used student's t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables to compare outcomes between groups. At baseline, a significantly higher proportion of CGM users were commercially insured and CGM users had a lower HbA1C at the first pregnancy visit (Table 1). CGM users had significantly lower levels of mean HbA1C in all trimesters, infants with lower mean birth weights (grams and percentile) and lower rates of large-for-gestational-age infants (Table 2). CGM use was associated with significantly improved maternal glucose control and neonatal outcomes in T1D pregnancies. Disclosure V. Gao: None. L. Sher: None. J. K. Snell-bergeon: Stock/Shareholder; Self; GlaxoSmithKline plc. E. Malecha: None. E. Westfeldt: None. P. Sullivan: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc. S. Polsky: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic, Consultant; Self; National Institutes of Health, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, JDRF, Medtronic, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Sanofi US, T1D Exchange. Funding Dexcom, Inc. (IIS-2019-096)


An electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) sensor consists of multiple electrodes, usually mounted outside an insulating pipe. To calibrate an ECT system it has been necessary to physically fill the sensor consecutively with samples of a low permittivity material and a high permittivity material to be imaged. In some cases, however, it is physically difficult to fill the sensor with a material with a suitable permittivity. This paper describes a calibration method in which the sensor does not have to be filled with the material to be imaged, thus allowing materials of any permittivities in a certain range to be imaged. Experimental results show that the full-range capacitance values predicted by this method are satisfactory, with a root mean square (RMS) error of 7.1%.


Krille, Janne's friend, who relates Janne's tragic fate. Finally, this endows the process of storytelling not only with a commemorative but also a therapeutic and even existential function by allowing the protagonists to accept their identities. By the same token, the narrative act itself is focused, opening up an implicit metaliterary dimension. Pohl's books all follow a similar structure, but experiment with various narrative perspectives, which allows for nuances and serves different functions. Monica Nordström Jacobsson's study convincingly demonstrates that Pohl squarely situates his plots within specific social contexts without considering his novels as a mere medium for social critique, but rather as literary works that explore a sophisticated array of literary devices.


We present an atomistic simulation of the structure of liquid Al1-xMnx alloys based on interatomic forces derived from quantum theory. Using the intra-atomic potentials calculated within the tight-binding bond approach, we study the structural properties of liquid Al80Mn20 and Al60Mn40 alloys using molecular dynamics simulations. The results are in good agreement with the most accurate diffraction data. The correlation of the structural trend with the characteristic variation in the electronic structure is established.


This work addresses the problem of power quality (PQ) metrics (or indexes) suitable for DC grids, encompassing low and medium voltage applications, including electric transports, all-electric ships and aircrafts, electric vehicles, distributed generation and microgrids, modern data centers, etc. The two main pillars on which such PQ indexes are discussed and built are: (i) the physical justification, so the electric phenomena affecting DC grids and components (PV panels, fuel cells, capacitors, batteries, etc.), causing, e.g., stress of materials, aging, distortion, grid instability; and (ii) the existing standardization framework, pointing out desirable coverage and extension, similarity with AC grids standards, but also inconsistencies. For the first point, each phenomenon is discussed with quantitative conclusions on relevant thresholds: in many cases some percentage of distortion (ripple) is acceptable (stress on capacitors and storage, impact on fuel cells, and PV panels), whereas in other cases, much higher levels may be tolerated (interference to protection and monitoring devices). Standards are reviewed for indications not only of low-order harmonics and voltage fluctuations typical of old DC grid schemes, but also for high-frequency noise, including thus supraharmonics and common-mode disturbance, and filling the gap with the electromagnetic compatibility domain. However, phenomena typical of EMC and electrical safety (such as various types of overvoltages and fast transients) are excluded. Suitable PQ indexes are then reviewed, suggesting integrations and modifications, to cover the relevant phenomena and technological progress, and to better follow the normative exigencies: ripple is considered in time and frequency domain, in particular with a band limited implementation; for transients and pulsed loads, more traditional indexes based on area, energy, and half duration are confronted with indexes evaluating the power trajectory and its derivative.


PURPOSE: Despite advances in surgical technique and rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, reinjury rates after return to play (RTP) are high. There remains controversy over the most effective criteria utilized to initiate RTP functional testing following ACL reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence provider decision to initiate RTP functional testing.


Abstract A number of geothermometers and geobarometers involving coexisting garnet, biotite, and cordierite have been used to calculate the pressures and temperatures of metamorphism of the Cashel thermal aureole in Connemara. Temperatures from the garnetbiotite thermometer show a wide variation between calibrations, and are markedly different from those obtained from the garnet-ordierite thermometer. These variations, together with the possibility of extensive reequilibration between garnet and cordierite rims and biotite, indicate that the use of exchange reaction thermometry, for these rocks at least, may be invalid. The various calibrations of the garnet-cordierite-sillimanitequartz geobarometer give reasonably consistent pressure estimates which, after allowance for partial pressures of water, indicate pressures of metamorphism of about 5±1 kb.


The socio-cultural significance of the dwelling has been illuminated in several anthropological studies of ethnic communities in Asia. To some extent, this interest is also shared with architects examining vernacular dwellings. Yet few studies approach these examples primarily as ecologically placed architectural entities, with a temporal-ritual ambience. Drawing on this limitation, we assume a position beyond culture-nature, built-unbuilt or sacred-profane dichotomies in order to examine the case of the Mru of the Chittagong Hills. In doing so, we also reflect on the influences between the disciplines of architecture and anthropology in understanding nuanced meanings of dwelling and related spaces. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, the article discusses the interrelationship between religion, economy and architecture. It establishes that the function of architecture is complex, and in a traditional community where religion and worldview have an interchangeable relationship with culture, nature and economic behaviour, it is on that premise that meaningful architectural spaces are created.


Hematopoiesis was studied in hereditarily athymic (nude) mice and athymic mice given congeneic thymus cells. Athymic and reconstituted mice had mild anemia which resulted from both hypoplasia of the bone marrow erythrocytic series and decreased iron incorporation in erythroid precursors. Untreated nude mice had hypoplastic marrows due to decrease of both erythrocytic and lymphocytic precursors. The latter was associated with a marked peripheral lymphopenia. Transplantation of thymocytes caused the number of bone marrow and peripheral lymphocytes to return to normal whereas the granulocytic series decreased. Mice reconstituted with thymocytes had marked neutrophilia, eosinophila, and monocytosis compared with either normal or athymic siblings. The number of granulocytic colonies produced by bone marrow cells in agar was very similar in normal and athymic mice with neutrophilia, thus reflecting a normal functioning granulocytic series in a marrow with decreased lymphocytic and erythrocytic cells. The transplantation of thymocytes into athymic mice had no effect on the number of colonies produced by bone marrow cells and the number of spleen colony forming units. It was postulated that maturation of the additional thymocytes permits them to interact with the few endogenous thymocyte precursors present in the nude mice for promotion of bone marrow erythrocytic and lymphocytic proliferations. Alternatively, mature thymocytes may produce factors that were responsible for the effect on lymphoid and erythroid cells.


Cynthia evokes scents and sounds of Berber life and declares that those are needed in one's experience in order to understand Berber arts. Thus, she confirms my own sentiment: I was born in Morocco in 1939 and raised there by Berber women, including my own mother. My paternal Berber grandfather, Mustapha, who had a great deal of influence on my upbringing, was an Ait Atta man. I was steeped in Berber lore, music, and culture from the day I was born until adulthood. Although familiar with the distinctions raised by Cynthia Becker in defense of her book and the anthropological discourse on gender she attempts to use, I disagree with her on the way she uses those arguments to illustrate the impact of her women friends on Amazigh identity. She alludes to her field of study, which I believe is history, but mine is anthropology. I was asked to review her work as a woman born and raised in Morocco, of Berber ancestry, and with a number of professional years both in the arts and as an advocate of Amazigh rights and identity. I thus reviewed her book from an anthropological viewpoint with the added advantage of being an Amazigh, an artist, and a cultural advocate. For the record, I did not "lament" that the book was not a survey of Amazigh arts throughout Morocco. I stated that Cynthia Becker incorrectly titled her book, and she admits to that. Furthermore, there is no confusion on my part, as she would like readers to believe, about the various points she makes in her book, including the much debated yet unresolved identity of the Haratines and their relationship to Amazigh people. My background includes the psychology of the feminine, and my specialization in anthropology was ritual and mind. There is no fuzziness whatsoever in my estimation of her discourse on women, ritual, and the symbolism of Amazigh identity through the arts. I find her approach thin in some regards, and I expressed that point of view with the utmost care and respect for her limited experience of my Amazigh culture.


The paper proposes a novel approach that a new likelihood function is derived from observation data after filtered with eigenfilters, and hybrid gravitational search algorithm (H-GSA) optimization is collaboratively applied to maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) parameters of multiple signals impinging on a sensor array. This method prevents the ML estimation performances from deteriorating severely where the angular separation between signal sources is small and the SNR / sample size are low. Simultaneously due to the use of H-GSA, we make direct maximization of likelihood realistic in practice. In order to examine the performances of the proposed method, four kinds of situations are designed. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method offers significant performance enhancement at low signal to noise ratios, and hybrid GSA stochastic search technique is therefore efficient and reliable.


The varied therapeutic approaches like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, etc. primarily aimed to target cancer cells specifically. Despite these efforts, they are not completely successful in eliminating this deadly pathological state. These failures ultimately lead to cancer reoccurrence, which is again, another burning problem associated with cancer. The prime reason for the above observation has been found to be the development of resistance by cancer cells towards cancer drugs or cancer-initiating cells (cancer stem cells) remain unaffected by existing treatment procedures. Recent research has evolved two drugs, salinomycin and apoptin, that hold great potential for the future of cancer treatment not only for restricting malignancy, but also in preventing tumor recurrence. The present review article will put light on these new upcoming cancer stem cell targeting agents.


Background. Tumors of stroma of the sex cord include a family of tumors that are diverse in structure and biological characteristics, including hormone-active ovarian tumors, such as granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary and a tumor from Sertoli–Leydig cells. For these types of tumors, of particular importance is the analysis of biochemical markers, among which the most promising is inhibin B. The objective of the study. Comparative analysis of inhibin B levels in the blood serum of patients with stromal cell tumors and other types malignancies. Materials and methods. 64 patients with primary ovarian tumors were examined: 31 – GCT of the ovary, 16 – tumors from Sertoli–Leydig cells, 17 – adenocarcinomas. Comparison group – 20 patients with malignant tumors of other localizations, control – 74 healthy women and 37 patients with benign ovarian tumors. Inhibin B was determined in blood serum using the standardized Inhibin B Gen II ELISA (Beckman Coulter, USA) immunoassay. Results. The analysis of inhibin B levels in last days of the luteal phase, show an increase of marker level in patients with GCT and tumors from Sertoli–Leydig cells, while in ovarian adenocarcinomas and malignant tumors of other locations inhibin B secretion doesn't differ from the control. The sensitivity of inhibin B in diagnostics of GCT was 93.5 %, in tumor from Sertoli–Leydig cells – 81.3 % with specificity – 100 %. Conclusion. Inhibin B is an effective biomarker of GCT and ovarian tumors from Sertoli–Leydig cells, which results must be interpreted according the functional state of the ovaries.


Purification and characterization of ZmRIP1, a novel 1 reductant-inhibited protein tyrosine phosphatase from maize 2 Bingbing Li, Yanxia Zhao ,Liyan Liang, Huibo Ren, Yu Xing, Lin 3 Chen, Mingzhu Sun , Yuanhua Wang , Yu Han , Haifeng Jia , Conglin 4 Huang, Zhongyi Wu and Wensuo Jia 5 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 6 Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and 7 Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China 8 These authors contributed equally to this work. 9 Address correspondence to: email@example.com. The author responsible for distribution of 10 materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy 11 described in the Instructions for Authors (http://www.plantcell.org) is: Wensuo Jia 12 (email@example.com). 13 14 Running tile: A reductant-inhibited PTPase from maize 15


It is a well-known result of Etingof, Nikshych and Ostrik that there are finitely many inequivalent integral modular categories of any fixed rank n. This follows from a double-exponential bound on the maximal denominator in an Egyptian fraction representation of 1. A na¨ove computer search approach to the classification of rank n integral modular categories using this bound quickly overwhelms the computer's memory (for n � 7). We use a modified strategy: find general conditions on modular categories that imply integrality and study the classification problem in these limited settings. The first such condition is that the order of the twist matrix is 2,3,4 or 6 and we obtain a fairly complete description of these classes of modular categories. The second condition is that the unit object is the only simple non-self-dual object, which is equivalent to odd-dimensionality. In this case we obtain a (linear) improvement on the bounds and employ number-theoretic techniques to obtain a classification for rank at most 11 for odd-dimensional modular categories.


This article is part of a larger study of public attitudes toward immigration in seven countries that historically and currently have had different policies and practices vis-a-vis immigration. The countries involved are Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Japan and the United States. The time frame for which most of the public opinion data will be reported is from 1970 through 1995. The data have been collected from national surveys that were conducted in each of the countries.


The third edition continues to examine the ethical concepts, principles and issues in the administration and organisation of sport that made the first two editions of this textbook so widely adopted. The book approaches the topics from four directions: ethical theory, personal and professional ethics, ethics applied, and future moral and ethical issues. Joy T DeSensi and Danny Rosenberg have enhanced the text by adding two new chapters that help to frame the content in a globalised context. In addition, the references, examples, scenarios, and analyses have been updated throughout the book.


An oncogenic splice variant of the transcription factor KLF6 is associated with metastasis and poor survival in node-negative breast cancer. Abstract An oncogenic splice variant of the transcription factor KLF6 is associated with metastasis and poor survival in node-negative breast cancer patients and promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating Twist.


The Ts65Dn mouse is a segmentally trisomic model for Down syndrome. Until now, Ts65Dn mice have been identified by the laborious methods of either chromosomal analysis of cultured peripheral lymphocytes or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). We report here a quantitative PCR method for genotyping Ts65Dn mice, as well as a phenotypic description for visually preclassifying mice to be genotyped.


The mid and late 2000s witnessed a proliferation of political parties in European party systems. Marxist, Libertarian, Pirate, and Animal parties, as well as radical-right and populist parties, have become part of an increasingly heterogeneous political spectrum generally dominated by the mainstream centre-left and centre-right. The question this article explores is what led to the surge of these parties during the first decade of the 21st century. While it is tempting to look at structural arguments or the recent late-2000s financial crisis to explain this proliferation, the emergence of these parties predates the debt-crisis and can not be described by structural shifts alone . This paper argues that the proliferation of new radical parties came about not only as a result of changes in the political space, but rather due to the very perceived presence and even strengthening of what Katz and Mair (1995) famously dubbed the "cartelization" of mainstream political parties.


The years from 1852 to 1890 marked a controversial period in Mormonism, when the church's official embrace of polygamy put it at odds with wider American culture. In this study, Christine Talbot explores the controversial era, discussing how plural marriage generated decades of cultural and political conflict over competing definitions of legitimate marriage, family structure, and American identity. In particular, Talbot examines "the Mormon question" with attention to how it constructed ideas about American citizenship around the presumed separation of the public and private spheres. Contrary to the prevailing notion of man as political actor, woman as domestic keeper, and religious conscience as entirely private, Mormons enfranchised women and framed religious practice as a political act. The way Mormonism undermined the public/private divide led white, middle-class Americans to respond by attacking not just Mormon sexual and marital norms but also Mormons' very fitness as American citizens. Poised at the intersection of the history of the American West, Mormonism, and nineteenth-century culture and politics, this carefully researched exploration considers the ways in which Mormons and anti-Mormons both questioned and constructed ideas of the national body politic, citizenship, gender, the family, and American culture at large.