The congruence between the personality types postulated by Holland and managerial traits was investigated. The Vocational Preference Inventory was used to determine the personality types of the subjects selected for the study and a management assessment system to determine their managerial traits. When the degree of personality differentiation was taken into account, meaningful differences were found between realistic and the conventional personality types in respect of initiative and between the artistic and the conventional personality types in respect of analytic, planning and organizing ability. No statistically significant difference between the personality patterns of high and low potential managers could be found, except in respect of the realistic scale. This result indicates that low potential managers possess more realistic characteristics than high potential managers. In general, the findings of this study provide little support for Holland's formulations of the personality types.


Sorghum brown midrib (bmr) mutants have reddish-brown vascular tissues in their leaves and stems as a result of changes in lignin content and subunit composition. Past research at Purdue University has generated a set of bmr sorghum mutants via chemical mutagenesis and established some to be allelic to each other. More recently, we identified additional spontaneous mutants in true breeding lines with marked phenotype and a range of agronomic characteristics. One such mutant, bmr-26, is of particular interest because it arose in a drought-tolerant sorghum line. Analysis of testcross hybrids between this spontaneous bmr mutant and the chemically induced mutants, bmr-6 and bmr-12, showed that the bmr-26 allele was allelic to bmr-12 and not to bmr-6. Both the bmr-12 and the bmr-26 mutations significantly reduced lignin content in leaf, blade, sheath, stem, and panicle tissue. The effect of the mutation was relatively more severe in bmr-12 than in bmr-26. The impact of the two mutations on cell wall composition in different tissues varied. The biggest effect of the bmr-12 mutation was in reduction of lignin in the sheath, whereas lignin content in panicles was more affected by the bmr-26 mutation. This suggested an allele-specific effect in tissue lignin reduction of these mutants. Cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were also significantly higher in certain tissue types for both the induced and spontaneous mutants. Forage quality traits including percent NDF and ADF were significantly increased by both mutations. Improvement in in vitro dry matter digestibility as a result of the bmr-26 mutation was relatively small and was not proportional to the reduction in the lignin content.

 Key words: Acid detergent fiber (ADF), bmr, brown midrib, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lignin, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Sorghum bicolor.


SYNOPSIS We have attempted to clarify clinical differentiating features of psychotic depression. Forty-six depressed subjects meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depression with psychotic features were compared with (i) DSM-defined melancholic, (ii) Newcastle-defined endogenous, and (iii) a residual DSM-defined major depressive episode group. Additionally, a 'bottom up' latent class analysis (LCA) suggested a larger sample of 82 'psychotic depressive' subjects, and multivariate analyses contrasted these subjects with both LCA-identified melancholic and all residual depressed subjects. Analyses suggested that, in addition to two features with absolute specificity (delusions and hallucinations), both the DSM-defined and LCA-defined 'psychotic depressive' subjects were significantly more likely to demonstrate marked psychomotor disturbance, to report two morbid cognitions (feeling sinful and guilty; feeling deserving of punishment), as well as be more likely to report constipation, terminal insomnia, appetite/weight loss and (variable across the defined 'psychotic depressive' groups) loss of interest and pleasure. The study identifies a wider set of potentially discriminating clinical variables than previous studies, as well as both indicating the existence and assisting identification of 'true' psychotic depression in the absence of formal psychotic features being acknowledged or elicited.


A monolayer of live bacterial cells has been patterned onto substrates through the interaction between CFA/I fimbriae and the corresponding antibody. Patterns of live bacteria have been prepared with cellular resolution on silicon and gold substrates for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model with high specificity and efficiency. The immobilized cells are capable of dividing in growth medium to form a self-sustaining bacterial monolayer on the patterned areas. Interestingly, the immobilized cells can alter their orientation on the substrate, from lying-down to standing-up, as a response to the cell density increase during incubation. This method was successfully used to sort a targeted bacterial species from a mixed culture within 2 h.


Entity Linking (EL) is a fundamental task for Information Extraction and Knowledge Graphs. The general form of EL (i.e., end-to-end EL) aims to first find mentions in the given input document and then link the mentions to corresponding entities in a specific knowledge base. Recently, the paradigm of retriever-reader promotes the progress of end-to-end EL, benefiting from the advantages of dense entity retrieval and machine reading comprehension. However, the existing study only trains the retriever and the reader separately in a pipeline manner, which ignores the benefit that the interaction between the retriever and the reader can bring to the task. To advance the retriever-reader paradigm to perform more perfectly on end-to-end EL, we propose BEER$^2$, a Bidirectional End-to-End training framework for Retriever and Reader. Through our designed bidirectional end-to-end training, BEER$^2$ guides the retriever and the reader to learn from each other, make progress together, and ultimately improve EL performance. Extensive experiments on benchmarks of multiple domains demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed BEER$^2$.


Biodiversity is considered to mitigate detrimental impacts of climate change on the functioning of forest ecosystems, such as drought‐induced decline in forest productivity. However, previous studies produced controversial results and experimental evidence is rare. Specifically, the biological mechanisms underlying mitigation effects remain unclear, as existing work focuses on biodiversity effects related to the community scale. Using trait‐based neighbourhood models, we quantified changes in above‐ground wood productivity of 3,397 trees that were planted in a large‐scale tree diversity experiment in subtropical China across gradients of neighbourhood diversity and climatic conditions over a 6‐year period. This approach allowed us to simultaneously assess to what extent functional traits of a focal tree and biodiversity at the local neighbourhood scale mediate the growth response of individual trees to drought events. We found that neighbourhood tree species richness can mitigate for drought‐induced growth decline of young trees. Overall, positive net biodiversity effects were strongest during drought and increased with increasing taxonomic diversity of neighbours. In particular, drought‐sensitive species (i.e. those with a low cavitation resistance) benefitted the most from growing in diverse neighbourhoods, suggesting that soil water partitioning among local neighbours during drought particularly facilitated most vulnerable individuals. Thus, diverse neighbourhoods may enhance ecosystem resistance to drought by locally supporting drought‐sensitive species in the community. Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that mechanisms operating at the local neighbourhood scale are a key component for regulating forests responses to drought and improve insights into how local species interactions vary along stress gradients in highly diverse tree communities.


Multi-omics datasets can provide molecular insights beyond the sum of individual omics. Diverse tools have been recently developed to integrate such datasets, but there are limited strategies to systematically extract mechanistic hypotheses from them. Here, we present COSMOS (Causal Oriented Search of Multi-Omics Space), a method that integrates phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolics datasets. COSMOS combines extensive prior knowledge of signaling, metabolic, and gene regulatory networks with computational methods to estimate activities of transcription factors and kinases as well as network-level causal reasoning. COSMOS provides mechanistic hypotheses for experimental observations across multi-omics datasets. We applied COSMOS to a dataset comprising transcriptomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics data from healthy and cancerous tissue from nine renal cell carcinoma patients. We used COSMOS to generate novel hypotheses such as the impact of Androgen Receptor on nucleoside metabolism and the influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on propionyl coenzyme A production. We expect that our freely available method will be broadly useful to extract mechanistic insights from multi-omics studies.


Invited for the cover of this issue are Sourav Pal, Gopalan Rajaraman and co-workers at the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research. The image depicts how a mixture of atmospheric gases such as CO2 , H2 , N2 and O2 can be selectively separated using a Cr metal-organic framework where spin state and spin coupling play a crucial role. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202104526.


Structural analysis of rock mass is an important tool to be used for mine planning of dimensional stones. Besides the structural mapping, it is important to define the stress distribution within the rock mass. This paper describes the results obtained from the application of structural analysis at the Piquiri Syenite, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to aid dimensional stones quarry planning. Collected data during the structural survey constitute a data base used to determine the paleostress axes. The analyses performed distinguished two phases of deformation and were possible to separate the types of fracture into R, C, T e P. Fractures with directions ranging in 260o and 10o were considered to impose more difficulties to the operations and planning. Avoiding mining at identified intense fractured zones mass allowed the increase of mining recovery of dimensional syenite blocks.


Background Evasion of cell death is a major cause of resistance to cancer therapy, making proteins that regulate cell death clinically relevant therapeutic targets. The anti-apoptotic protein FLIP is frequently overexpressed in a number of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been shown by us and others to be a major mediator of drug resistance. FLIP and procaspase-8 form complexes with the adaptor protein FADD in response to a variety of clinically relevant stimuli, including ligation of death receptors, such as TRAIL-R1 and R2, and treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. In these complexes, FLIP modulates the activation of procaspase-8, and thereby apoptosis and necroptosis - two major cell death mechanisms. We recently reported that there are important differences between FLIP and procaspase-8 in terms of both their binding affinities and preferred modes of interaction with FADD that are potentially therapeutically exploitable [1]. We now report our subsequent work leading to the development and pre-clinical characterisation of first-in-class inhibitors of FLIP. Methods Molecular modelling of the FLIP-FADD complex; virtual small molecule library screening; cell-free screening assays; cell-based activity assays; biophysical binding assays; in vivo anti-tumor studies. Results Molecular modelling of the FLIP-FADD complex identified a putative drug-binding pocket on FLIP against which a virtual small-molecule screen was carried out. Subsequent biochemical screening of selected compounds using a FLIP-FADD protein-protein interaction assay identified hits with on-target activity. Medicinal chemistry optimisation of these hits afforded lead and back-up series with nanomolar activity in cell-based assays (i.e. caspase activation, cell death and cell survival), which is in line with their binding affinity in an orthogonal biophysical assay (isothermal calorimetry). The pro-apoptotic effects of these FLIP inhibitors were enhanced upon addition of death ligands, such as TRAIL, and lead-molecules have been shown to potentiate the effects of the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic cisplatin. FLIP overexpression and procaspase-8 depletion abrogated the effects of these novel inhibitors consistent with the expected mechanism-of-action. Lead molecules have been identified with ADME profiles suitable for in vivo evaluation. Using these compounds, single-agent anti-tumor effects have been demonstrated in NSCLC xenograft models. Conclusions The novel first-in-class inhibitors of FLIP developed in this study have the potential for broad application in treatment of NSCLC, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. Acknowledgements This work was supported by a Seeding Drug Discovery award from the Wellcome Trust (reference: 099470). 1. Majkut, J., et al., Differential affinity of FLIP and procaspase 8 for FADD9s DED binding surfaces regulates DISC assembly. Nat Commun, 2014. 5: p. 3350. Citation Format: Joanna Majkut, Catherine Higgins, Adnan Malik, Zsusannah Nemeth, Peter Blurton, Ray J. Boffey, Trevor R. Perrior, David Haigh, Timothy Harrison, Daniel B. Longley. Development and pre-clinical assessment of a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of FLIP for treatment of NSCLC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr C4.


Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly successful surgical procedure that decreases pain and improves function. Many patients who undergo TKA may require surgical intervention on both extremities because of bilateral osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of simultaneous bilateral TKA compared with that of unilateral TKA. Methods: Patients who underwent unilateral or simultaneous bilateral primary, elective TKA from 2015 to 2020 were identified using the Premier Healthcare Database. Subsequently, the simultaneous bilateral TKA cohort was matched to the unilateral TKA cohort in a 1:6 ratio by age, sex, race, and presence of pertinent comorbidities. Patient characteristics, hospital factors, and comorbidities were compared between the cohorts. The 90-day risks of postoperative complications, readmission, and in-hospital death were assessed. Differences were assessed using univariable regression, and multivariable regression analyses were performed to account for potential confounders. Results: Overall, 21,044 patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA and 126,264 matched patients who underwent unilateral TKA were included. After accounting for confounding factors, patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA demonstrated a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications, including pulmonary embolism (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.57 to 2.89]; p < 0.001), stroke (adjusted OR, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.42 to 3.42]; p < 0.001), acute blood loss anemia (adjusted OR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.99 to 2.13]; p < 0.001), and transfusion (adjusted OR, 7.84 [95% CI, 7.16 to 8.59]; p < 0.001). Patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA were at increased risk of 90-day readmission (adjusted OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.24 to 1.48]; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Simultaneous bilateral TKA was associated with increased rates of complications including pulmonary embolism, stroke, and transfusion. Orthopaedic surgeons and patients should consider these potential complications when contemplating simultaneous bilateral TKA. When simultaneous bilateral TKA is pursued, patient counseling and thorough medical optimization should be performed. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


The present study was designed to study the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and silymarin (SIL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic damage. Sixty male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (10 rats each); control group, TAA-treated group: injected intraperitoneally with TAA 250 mg/kg bwt/day three times a week, ALA-treated group: received ALA 100 mg/kg bwt/day) orally three times a week, SIL-treated group: received SIL 100 mg/kg bwt/day orally three times a week, TAA+ALA-treated group, and TAA+SIL-treated group at the same previous doses and routes for ten weeks.
Results showed that TAA induced a significant increase in serum liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels after four and ten weeks of the treatments. While the serum levels of total proteins, albumin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol revealed a significant decrease. TAA injection resulted in an increase in the hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant biomarker levels. Histopathologically, TAA revealed marked degenerative, necrotic and fibrotic alterations in the liver, particularly during ten weeks post-treatment. ALA and SIL- treatment ameliorated TAA-induced oxidative damage, alterations in the liver function tests and liver histopathology. However, ALA demonstrated better hepatic protection against TAA-induced liver damage as compared to SIL. The study clearly concluded that ALA has more powerful antioxidant properties than SIL.


This thesis reports on two technology and policy issues directly related to hydrogen economy. The first issue concentrates on the end-use application of hydrogen as a transportation fuel, and deals with the following question: what is the place of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles among the new, more-efficient advanced vehicle technologies. Our analysis indicates that fuel cell vehicles using hydrogen from fossils fuels offer no significant energy efficiency advantage over hybrid vehicles in urban driving cycle. Therefore, there is a strong justification for federal support for hybrid vehicles that will achieve similar results, quicker. The second issue focuses on another important technology and policy question related to large scale hydrogen production: are there any comparative efficiency, cost and/or political advantages of using an advanced nuclear reactor coupled to a thermochemical conversion plant to produce hydrogen with respect using a conventional nuclear reactor coupled to an electrolysis plant? The results suggest that given the existing technical and cost uncertainties, developing an advanced nuclear reactor technology solely for the use of thermochemical hydrogen production is not good energy (R&D) policy. Electrolysis is a more promising alternative provided a more efficient electrolysis technology can be coupled to an advanced nuclear energy (i.e. electricity) source at a reasonable cost. Therefore, large R&D investment in thermochemical hydrogen production should be balanced with a similar R&D in large scale electrolysis technologies that are relatively easier to deploy and have lower engineering risks. Thesis Supervisor: John M Deutch Title: Institute Professor and Professor of Chemistry


Introduction: Earlier, in a first study of its kind, we have demonstrated a novel mechanism that therapeutically significant human CD34+ stem cells secrete membrane bound nano-vesicles called exosomes (CD34Exo). CD34Exo are angiogenic and constitute a critical component of the pro-angiogenic paracrine activity of the cells. Further, when transplanted locally, cell-free CD34Exo induce ischemic tissue repair in a murine hindlimb ischemia model. Here, we hypothesize that exosomes released via paracrine secretion from human CD34+ cells mediate myocardial repair by direct transfer of microRNAs to target cells in the heart. Methods and Results: When injected into mouse ischemic myocardium, cell-free CD34Exo replicated the therapeutic activity of human CD34+ cells by significantly improving ischemia (ejection fraction, 42±4 v 22±6%; capillary density, 113±7 v 66±6/HPF; fibrosis, 27±2 v 48±7%; p Conclusion: Our results reveal a novel molecular and trafficking mechanism of CD34Exo that may be responsible for intercellular transfer of genetic information such as miRNAs from human CD34+ stem cells, selectively to endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes inducing changes in gene expression, angiogenesis and myocardial recovery. Exosomes-shuttled miRNAs may signify amplification of stem cell function and may explain the therapeutic benefits associated with human CD34+ cell therapy.


Do individuals enjoying a higher baseline payoff behave similarly in competitive scenarios compared to their counterparts? The classical replicator equation does not answer such a question since it is invariant to the background or baseline payoff of individuals. In reality, however, if one's baseline payoff is higher than the possible payoffs of an interaction (or game), the individual may respond generously or indifferently if s(he) is satisfied with the prevailing benchmark payoff. This work intends to explore such a phenomenon within the realm of pairwise interactions-taking the prisoner's dilemma as a metaphor-in well-mixed finite and infinite populations. In this framework, a player uses the payoff (comprising baseline and game payoffs) -expectation difference to estimate a degree of eagerness and, with that degree of eagerness, revises his or her strategy with a certain probability. We adopt two approaches to explore such a context, naming them as the Fermi and imitation processes, in which the former uses a pairwise Femi function and the latter considers the relative fitness to estimate probabilities for strategy revision. In a finite population, we examine the effect of intensities to payoff-expectation and strategic payoff differences (denoted by k_{1} and k_{2}, respectively) as well as the level of contentment (ω) on the fixation probability and fixation time (for a single defector). We observe that the fixation probability surges with the increase of intensity parameters. Nevertheless, the maximum fixation probability may require a substantially larger time to fixate, especially when the expectation is lower than the baseline payoff. This means that cooperators can persist for a longer period of time. A higher expectation or greed, however, considerably reduces the fixation time. Interestingly, our numerical simulation reveals that both approaches are equivalent under weak k_{2}(≪1) in the Fermi process. We further derive mean-field equations for both approaches in the context of an infinite population, where we observe two possible evolutionary consequences: either full-scale defection or the persistence of the initial frequency of cooperators. The latter scenario indicates players' uninterested or neutral behavior in relation to the interaction due to their satisfaction on the baseline payoff.


The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership style, resource availability and performance of small and medium enterprises. Specifically, the study focused on determining how leadership style and resource availability affect the performance of the small and medium enterprises. The results of the study sought to benefit the small and medium enterprises, customers in the small and medium enterprises as well as other scholars and researchers. The study was triggered by high variation and high record of defective in the industry as evidence by Toyota recall of 8.8 million vehicles due to problems with the accelerator. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population for the study was 482 staff at Varomatech Limited which is one of the small and medium enterprise. During data collection, 145 staff working in the organization were sampled using stratified simple random sampling. Questionnaires were physically administered to the sample population. A pilot study was conducted to test the accuracy of the research instruments to ensure reliability and validity of research data. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation was used to analyse data. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined using regression model using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Research findings were presented using graphs, pie charts and frequency tables. The research findings indicate that resource availability explains 53.6 percent of organizational performance at Varomatech Limited. The research findings further indicated that leadership style did not have statistical significant impact on performance at Varomatech Limited. The study therefore concluded that resource availability had positive and significant impact on performance at Varomatech Limited. The researcher therefore recommends that top management should determine the optimal resources needed and provide those resources for effective performance.


Introduction: ESG risk and the business sector are essential in the process of adapting business models towards sustainability. The article aims to analyze ESG risk, taking into account these business sectors that are most affected by ESG risk, and to identify the relationship between ESG risk and cooperation models of financial institutions and companies (Anglo-Saxon/German-Japanese). The original research approach was based on including the financial system model in the analysis of ESG risk impact and the companies' methods of achieving sustainable business models with external funding. Methods: The study is based on a two-stage analysis. First, fuzzy cognitive maps are used to evaluate the strength and direction of the relations between factors included in the companies' sustainable business models according to the business sectors. At the second stage, a correspondence analysis was carried out to distinguish four groups of companies' industries characterized by homogenous features related to the business sector, sustainable business model (SBM), and the way to transform to sustainability. Results: Methods of achieving sustainability in companies' business models differ depending on business sectors. The "financial institution—company" cooperation model and recommendations were proposed. Discussion: Financial institutions play a crucial role in financing the transition into sustainable business models. However, their impact differs depending on the business sector and the model of the financial system (bank or market oriented). The study assumes that the financial system model determines the form of cooperation between financial institutions and companies in the process of financing costs towards sustainability.


ZnO monolayers with desirable n-type semiconducting properties are full of potential for sensing applications. In this work, we investigate using first-principles theory the adsorption and sensing behaviors of Pd-doped ZnO (Pd-ZnO) monolayers with two typical dissolved gases, namely, H2 and C2H2, to explore their sensing use for dissolved gas analysis in transformer oil. For Pd doping on the pristine ZnO monolayer, the TO site is identified as the most stable configuration with an Eb of −1.44 eV. For the adsorption of H2 and C2H2, chemisorption is determined given the large adsorption energy (Ead) and formation of new bonds. Analyses of the charge density difference and density of state provide evidence of the strong binding force of Pd–H and Pd–C bonds, while band structure analysis provides the sensing mechanism of the Pd-ZnO monolayer as a resistance-type sensor for H2 and C2H2 detection with high electrical responses. Also, analysis of the work function (WF) provides the possibility of selective detection of H2 and C2H2 using a Pd-ZnO monolayer-based field-effect transistor sensor given the opposite changing trend of the WF after their adsorption. Our work may broaden the application of ZnO-based gas sensors for application in the field of electrical engineering.


Angiosarcomas are rare, aggressive vascular malignancies of endothelial cell differentiation. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is a rare condition defined by the association of thrombocytopenia and consumption coagulopathy with specific vascular tumors, such as tufted angioma or kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. We report here two cases of angiosarcomas complicated by a Kasabach-Merritt syndrome and their outcome after treatment with paclitaxel.


Among the more than 800 alkaloids isolated from skins of arrow poison-frog, batrachotoxin had attracted the most widespread attention of scientists from several fields, due to its potent cardio and nerve toxicities and challenging structure. A new strategy, which is different from all the previous total syntheses (one racemic and two enantioselective), is disclosed. This strategy features the formation of the CDE skeleton and then the ABCDE core of batrachotoxin by a key Diels-Alder reaction between A ring and CDE framework. Because A ring segment is a known compound, the first key of synthesis resides in the construction of the CDE framework. Thus, in addition to the new synthetic strategy, the synthesis of a functionalized CD ring system is developed. The synthesis started from the preparation of 2-allylcyclopentane-1,3-dione and its Michael addition with hex-1-en-3-one. The Hajos-Wiechert-type reaction of the adduct was investigated under optimized conditions using L-phenylalanine as an organocatalyst and D-camphorsulfonic acid (D-CSA) as an additive, the desired Robinson annulation proceeded smoothly to give the desired cyclization product in 75% yield and 81% ee. The latter was converted into a functionalized CD skeleton that bears all elements for elaborating to CDE framework in seven steps.


AIM
To point out the wide range of ocular features of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), focusing on uveitis.

METHODS
A retrospective study.

RESULTS
In the Centre for diagnosis and therapy of uveitis of our Ophthalmology Department, we have in years 2003-2010 followed in total 18 patients with intraocular inflammation associated with IBD: anterior uveitis (14), vasculitis (1), panuveitis (1), infectious uveitis as a secondary complication of systemic immunosuppressive therapy (2). The most often diagnosis was mild to moderate recurrent acute anterior uveitis. We have noticed more severe course of uveitis in patients with the HLA B27 positivity. Part of this paper consists of an overview of other ocular manifestations of IBD and current available therapeutical strategies.

CONCLUSION
Ocular manifestations of IBD can be a valuable signal of the activity of the primary disease. The knowledge of the ocular manifestations of these systemic diseases and of possible complications is required for successful interdisciplinary care of patients with IBD. While local treatment is fully in hands of an ophthalmologist, the form and extent of the systemic treatment is necessary to coordinate with gastroenterologists.


Inferring the ecological and evolutionary processes underlying lineage and phenotypic diversification is of paramount importance to shed light on the origin of contemporary patterns of biological diversity. However, reconstructing phylogenetic relationships in recent evolutionary radiations represents a major challenge due to the frequent co-occurrence of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. In this study, we combined high throughput sequence data (ddRADseq), geometric morphometric information, and novel phylogenetic inference methods that explicitly account for gene flow to infer the evolutionary relationships and the timing and mode of diversification in a complex of Ibero-Maghrebian montane grasshoppers of the subgenus Dreuxius (genus Omocestus). Our analyses supported the phenotypic distinctiveness of most sister taxa, two events of historical introgression involving lineages at different stages of the diversification continuum, and the recent Pleistocene origin (< 1 Ma) of the complex. Phylogenetic analyses did not recover the reciprocal monophyly of taxa from Iberia and northwestern Africa, supporting overseas migration between the two continents during the Pleistocene. Collectively, these results indicate that periods of isolation and secondary contact linked to Pleistocene glacial cycles likely contributed to both allopatric speciation and post divergence gene flow in the complex. This study exemplifies how the integration of multiple lines of evidence can help to reconstruct complex histories of reticulated evolution and highlights the important role of Quaternary climatic oscillations as a diversification engine in the Ibero-Maghrebian biodiversity hotspot.


This review explored the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the synergy of preeclampsia (PE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Downregulation of VEGFR-2 in PE promotes endothelial dysfunction and prevents endothelial cell (EC) migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The HIV-1 accessory protein, tat (trans-activator of transcription), prevents VEGFR-2 signaling via the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) ligand. Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) may cause immune reconstitution, impaired decidualization, and endothelial injury, thus may be a risk factor for PE development. The VEGF/VEGFR-2 interaction may be associated with SARS-CoV-2-related pulmonary oedema. Endothelial dysfunction and heightened inflammation are both associated with PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; therefore, it is plausible that both characteristics may be exacerbated in the synergy of these events. In addition, this review explored microRNAs (miR) regulating VEGFR-2. An overexpression of miR-126 is evident in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, modulating the expression of miR-126 may be a therapeutic strategy. However, the involvement of microRNAs in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection needs further investigating. Since these conditions have been evaluated independently, this review attempts to predict their clinical manifestations in their synergy, as well as independently; thereby providing a platform for early diagnosis and therapeutic potential in PE, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.


Multiple photoionisation of Xe has been studied in the M-shell ionization region (650-1270 eV) using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The efficiency of multiple photoionization increases in the 3d electron transition region. Partial cross sections for Xe4+, Xe5+ and Xe6+ yields have an energy dependence similar to that of the photoabsorption cross section in this region. At the 3p threshold, the partial photoionization cross sections of Xe7+ and Xe8+ increase considerably. Double Auger transition is estimated to occur at least about 40% in de-excitation processes from M-shell hole states.


The recent re-emergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil has raised serious concerns due to the virus' rapid dissemination in the southeastern region. To better understand YFV genetic diversity and dynamics during the recent outbreak in southeastern Brazil we generated 18 complete and near-complete genomes from the peak of the epidemic curve from non-human primates (NHPs) and human infected cases across Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. Genomic sequencing of 18 YFV genomes revealed the timing, source and likely routes of yellow fever virus transmission and dispersion during the one of the largest outbreaks ever registered in Brazil. We showed that the recent YFV epidemic spillover southwards several times from Minas Gerais to Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states in 2016 to 2019. The quick production and analysis of data from portable sequencing could identify the corridor of spread of YFV. These findings reinforce that real-time and continued genomic surveillance strategies can assist in the monitoring and public health responses of arbovirus epidemics. IMPORTANCE Arbovirus infections in Brazil including Yellow Fever, Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya result in considerable morbidity and mortality and are pressing public health concerns. However, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by limited availability of real time genomic data. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of YFV during the current outbreak in southeastern Brazil. To gain insights into the routes of YFV introduction and dispersion, we tracked the virus by sequencing YFV genomes sampled from non-human primates and infected patients from the southeastern region. Our study provides an understanding of how YFV initiates transmission in new Brazilian regions and illustrates that near-real time genomics in the field can augment traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.


With continuous industrial development, the types, and amount of particulate matter (PM) have been increasing. Since 2018, environmental standards regarding PM have become more stringent. Pulse air jet bag filters are suitable for PM under the 20 and, can function regardless of size, concentration and type. Filtration velocity and shape are important factors in the operation and design of the pulse air jet bag filters however, few established studies support this theory. In this research, numerical simulations were conducted based on experimental values and, several methods were employed for minimizing the pressure drop. In the pilot system, as the inlet duct velocity was faster than 19 m/sec, flow was not distributed equally and, re-entrainment occurred due to the hopper directional vortex. The multi-inlet system decelerated the hopper directional vortex by 25 ~ 30% , thereby decreasing total pressure drop by 6.6 ~ 14.7%. The guide vane system blocked the hopper directional vortex, which resulted optimal vane angle of 53°. The total pressure of the guide vane system increased by 0.5 ~ 3% at 1.5 m/min conditions. However, the filtration pressure drop decreased by 4.8 ~ 12.3% in all conditions, thereby reducing the operating cost of filter bags.


1. An account has been given of the techniques used by the present authors and by Premysl Bohuslav, in dealing with invertebrate tissue culture. 2. In aseptic tissue cultures of the wall of the mantle-cavity of Helix, the amoebocytes wander out and become much flattened. The pseudopodial membranes of Goodrich are well developed, but intercellular connecting fibrillar pseudopodia are rarer, and the outgrowing cells do not organize a connective tissue network to such a degree as in septic mounts. 3. In older ex-plants, the Golgi apparatus of the amoebocytes breaks up into granules which become scattered throughout the cell, as claimed by Ludford for rabbit embryo cells in tissue culture, and later by Saguchi for both chick and rabbit. 4. Having regard to the work of Ludford, Saguchi and the present authors on the modification of the Golgi apparatus of tissue-cultured cells, statements concerning the Golgi apparatus in general cytology, which have been made on evidence obtained by studying tissue-cultured cells, are of doubtful value. 5. In Helix tissue cultures, as in the flat worms studied by Mrs. Murray, there is good evidence that cells divide by amitosis. 6. Compared with vertebrate tissue cultures such as those of the chick heart, the outgrowing cells of Helix mantle-cavity ex-plants do not make flat sheets of cells, but tend to form networks, surrounding spaces of a fairly definite size and appearance. 7. The ingestion of bacteria by Helix amoeboctyes does not occur in the first instance, the cells attacking pigment granules, and only later ingesting bacteria after the latter have become very numerous.


Background: Collaboration between nurses and physicians is linked to positive outcomes for patients, especially in psychiatric units. However, effective collaboration poses challenges as work stressors. So, effective work stressors coping strategies have the highly concern from organization management as a method for maintaining high level of collaboration. Aim: This study aimed to explore the effect of working stressors coping strategies program on nurse physician collaboration. Design: Quasi experimental design was used. Setting: This study was carried out at Benha psychiatric hospital. Sample: All convenient nurses and physicians worked at in-patient care units. Tools: Two tools were used, questionnaire to assess work stressors and collaborative practice scale (CPS) questionnaire. Result: There is a negative correlation between work stressors and nurse-physician collaboration (P<0.001) with a positive effect of coping strategies program on them. Conclusion: Work stressors coping strategies are essential for promoting nurse-physician collaboration which in turn promote organizational success. Recommendation: Maximizing nurse-physician collaboration holds promise for improving quality patient care and creating satisfying work environment for nurses and physicians.


Kalanchoe is a diverse genus of the Crassulaceae with at least 150 species. Madagascar is a centre of diversity with 60 species. Two large, shrubby Madagascan species are described and illustrated here. Kalanchoe beharensis (from Behara) forms a shrub up to 3 m tall, produces large leaves with a soft hairy (tomentose) covering. Kalanchoe arborescens is a giant of the genus with stems up to 5 m tall, hence its name meaning 'tree-like' is very appropriate. It grows in dry bush in the extreme south of Madagascar where it is relatively rare. In cultivation both species are slow-growing with K. beharensis being common whereas K. arborescens is rare.


The introduction of the obligation to publish non-financial data has been awaited by stakeholders for a long time. This obligation has been in effect since the beginning of 2017 for selected companies listed on the stock exchange, i.e. Public Interest Entities (PIEs). The paper attempts to assess the current state of non-financial reporting based on the standards used by PIEs in the first year of its validity. The authors attempted to assess the new reporting obligation and put forward the following main hypothesis: Polish listed companies, and in particular, public interest entities are not prepared to implement the provisions of the Accounting Act, which is the transposition of Directive 2014/95/EU. The research provided evidence that the highest percentage of companies reported on the basis of GRI standards and other combinations of GRI, GRI G4, SIN, and more than half of the companies proposed their own principles or did not specify them. The research showed the multidimensionality of actions taken by companies in the context of non-financial reporting.


A 76-yr-old man with unipolar ventricular pacemaker, previously implanted in the right ventricular apex, presented with syncopal attack and twitching of the right pectoralis muscle. He finally was diagnosed as having Twiddler's syndrome. The patient had a pulse rate of 36/min and cannon waves in the neck veins. Chest radiography showed a dislodged pacing lead completely wrapped around the pulse generator. After uncoiling the lead it was positioned in the right ventricular apex and the pulse generator implanted and sewed tightly in a smaller pocket. After six months follow-up there was no further twiddling or pacemaker dysfunction.


Depressive conditions are common psychiatric disorders with formidable and debilitating consequences. The association of brain lesions with depressive symptoms has been already reported. We describe a case of a patient, in whom a frontal lobe tumor was initially presented with a depressive episode. By discussing the neuropathological framework of depression we present an account of how localized brain lesions could give rise to depressive disorders. A failure in conventional antidepressant treatment might increase the risk of life-threatening consequences such as suicidal ideation. We therefore emphasize the importance of neuroimaging examinations in evaluation of depressive conditions even in the absence of focal neurological signs (German J Psychiatry 2010; 13 (3): 150–153).


Globalization process has a gradually stronger influence on economic development. In this new reality the main indicator is innovation. Various regions of European Union formulate Regional Innovation Strategies (RIS). The goal of this document is to formulate essential elements of regional development strategy. This kind of strategy was created for the Mazovia region. In the document we can read that Mazovia is the most innovative region in Poland, however, it is still far behind regions in highly developed countries. The main strength of Mazovia is the fact that it is a capital region, which means a better access for enterprises to information, important contacts and promotion. Nevertheless, we still can experience many barriers, undermining regular regional development, such as insufficient grants for scientific research or inadequate engagement of public administration to help entrepreneurs.


Oculomotor inhibition reflects the ability to suppress an unwanted eye movement. The goal of the present study was to assess oculomotor inhibition in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). To this end, an antisaccade task was employed in which an eye movement towards an onset stimulus has to be inhibited, and a voluntary saccade has to be executed in the opposite direction. Compared to the results of a matched control group, patients showed a higher percentage of intrusive saccades, made more antisaccade errors, and showed longer latencies on prosaccade trials. These results clearly show that oculomotor inhibition is impaired in KS. Part of these deficits in oculomotor inhibition may be explained by neuronal atrophy in the frontal areas, which is generally associated with KS.


Can adults make fair moral judgments when individuals with whom they have different relationships are involved? The present study explored the fairness of adults' relationship-based moral judgments in two respects by performing three experiments involving 999 participants. In Experiment 1, 65 adults were asked to decide whether to harm a specific person to save five strangers in the footbridge and trolley dilemmas in a within-subject design. The lone potential victim was a relative, a best friend, a person they disliked, a criminal or a stranger. Adults' genetic relatedness to, familiarity with and affective relatedness to the lone potential victims varied. The results indicated that adults made different moral judgments involving the lone potential victims with whom they had different relationships. In Experiment 2, 306 adults responded to the footbridge and trolley dilemmas involving five types of lone potential victims in a within-subject design, and the extent to which they were familiar with and affectively related to the lone potential victim was measured. The results generally replicated those of Experiment 1. In addition, for close individuals, adults' moral judgments were less deontological relative to their familiarity with or positive affect toward these individuals. For individuals they were not close to, adults made deontological choices to a larger extent relative to their unfamiliarity with or negative affect toward these individuals. Moreover, for familiar individuals, the extent to which adults made deontological moral judgments more closely approximated the extent to which they were familiar with the individual. The adults' deontological moral judgments involving unfamiliar individuals more closely approximated their affective relatedness to the individuals. In Experiment 3, 628 adults were asked to make moral judgments with the type of lone potential victim as the between-subject variable. The results generally replicated those of the previous two experiments. Therefore, the present study shows that, in addition to apparent unfairness, latent fairness exists in adults' relationship-based moral judgments. Moral judgments involving individuals with whom adults have different relationships have different cognitive and affective bases.


BACKGROUND
It has been described that the walls of the amebic cysts from Entamoeba invadens are composed mainly of chitin, a polysaccharide of amino-sugars. It is also known that the synthesis of this polysaccharide is closely related to the degradation of the intracellular glycogen in this organism. Nevertheless, it is not known whether the intracellular glycogen is really the source of the glucose requirements for the synthesis of the cell wall.

METHODS
To determine the relationship between the wall cyst synthesis and glycogen degradation, it was considered to develop an in vitro culture cell system to label this polysaccharide with radioactive glucose. In this study, a system of 14C-glucose incorporation in axenic cultures of E. invadens was developed. The experiments in the study were carried out to recognize if an increase occurred in the 14C-glucose incorporation into ameba when the amount of the radioactivity used was increased, or whether this incorporation is a dependent metabolic stage.

RESULTS
The results showed that the amount of glucose incorporation reached similar values of 4.5 x 10(-12) mmol per cell in both cases. A different slope in the glucose kinetic incorporation between the cultures previously subjected to glucose depletion and the standard cultures was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
This axenic method of radioactive glucose incorporation in Entamoeba invadens could facilitate the analysis on a greater scale of the metabolism of this nutrient.


ABSTRACT Children on the autism spectrum are at risk of persistent impairments in literacy. Early literacy opportunities (e.g., Library Story Times) are thus important, but children on the spectrum experience barriers to participating in these. Our objective was to develop an online training package to support implementation of autism-friendly Story Time sessions for librarians. A mixed-methods approach was undertaken across three phases. Phase 1 included face-to-face training development and implementation (n = 22) and quantitative evaluation (autism knowledge, confidence, and social validation). Phase 2 included implementation in libraries and qualitative evaluation of the utility and implementation of training through librarian interviews (n = 5). Phase 3 included translation and implementation of an online module (n = 22) and quantitative evaluation (autism knowledge, confidence, and social validity). Participation in both training modalities increased knowledge of autism and confidence to include children on the spectrum in Story Time sessions. Social validity of both modalities was rated highly. Librarians indicated changes in practice following training, although full implementation of the package was limited to librarians receiving additional coaching. Limitations, future research, and implications in terms of future training and supports including the value of ongoing coaching for implementation are discussed.


1. The toxicity of cis- and trans-cypermethrin to rainbow trout was investigated and the concentrations of the two isomers in brain associated with toxic signs (excitability and loss of equilibrium) were determined. cis-Cypermethrin and trans-cypermethrin were equally toxic and showed similar brain levels associated with toxic signs (cis:0.25 micrograms/g, mean (range 0.07-0.53); trans:0.17 micrograms/g (0.07-0.31]. 2. Orally administered cypermethrin was less toxic than predicted, probably due to poor intestinal uptake. Toxicity was due to absorption via the gills of unchanged pyrethroid excreted from the intestine into the water. 3. The metabolism of the radiolabelled insecticides, [14C-cyclopropyl]- and [14C-benzyl]-cis- and trans-cypermethrin has been investigated in vivo and in vitro. 4. The principal route of elimination in vivo was the bile, with 20-28% dose excreted as biliary metabolites in 24 h. No difference in the rates of elimination of the cis and trans isomers was observed. 5. cis-Cypermethrin was metabolized primarily to the glucuronide of 4'-hydroxy-cypermethrin (80% total bile radioactivity), together with dichlorovinyldimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and its glucuronide, 3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid (4'-hydroxy-3BPA) and its ester and ether glucuronides, 3-phenoxybenzoyl glucuronide and 4'-hydroxy-3BPA sulphate were detected. trans-Cypermethrin was metabolized to the same products, but with only 36% as 4'-hydroxy-cypermethrin glucuronide.


Purpose of review Endothelial cell (EC) front-rear (axial) polarization in response to chemokines and shear stress is fundamental for angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo methods that are currently available to quantify EC axial polarity. Recent findings Innovative methodologies and new animal models have been developed to evaluate EC axial polarity. Micropatterning, wound healing and microfluidic assays allow interrogation of signalling mechanisms in vitro. Mouse and zebrafish transgenic lines, in combination with advances in imaging techniques and computational tools, enable interrogation of physiological functions of EC axial polarity in vascular biology during development and in pathology in vivo. Summary We present a literature-based review of the methods available to study EC polarity. Further refinement of quantitative methods to analyse EC axial polarity using deep learning-based computational tools will generate new understanding on the aetiology of vascular malformations.


Abstract The aim of this study is to retrospectively examine invasive diagnostic methods, structural anomalies accompanying cystic hygroma, and pregnancy outcomes in cystic hygroma cases admitted to a tertiary centre. The population of the study consisted of 29 live foetuses with cystic hygroma in the foetal neck only in the first or second trimester. In the study, pregnant women who applied to our centre were included. Amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling was performed for genetic analysis according to the weeks of the pregnant women who were diagnosed with cystic hygroma by ultrasound examination by two clinicians experienced in foetal anomaly. Of the pregnant women included in the study, 10 had normal karyotype, 12 had abnormal karyotype and 13 had structural abnormality. It is very important to provide genetic counselling to the families of foetuses with cystic hygroma with a multidisciplinary team approach consisting of neonatologists, paediatric surgeons and experienced sonographers. Implications for rehabilitation What is already known on this subject? Cystic hygroma, also known as cystic lymphangioma, is a congenital cystic malformation often seen in the first trimester, which occurs in the foetal neck due to the failure of the connections between the cervical lymphatic vessels and the jugular venous system to develop normally. Cystic hygroma may be isolated, but highly associated with foetal aneuploidy, hydrops fetalis, abnormal foetal nuchal translucency. What do the results of this study add? Invasive prenatal diagnostic tests (CVS or amniocentesis) should be performed in all patients with cystic hygroma, as cystic hygromas can be diagnosed by first trimester foetal genetic sonogram screening and are largely accompanied by chromosomal abnormalities. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In foetuses with cystic hygroma, foetal karyotyping, detailed sonography and their documentation, genetic counselling is important to families of cystic hygroma foetuses with a multidisciplinary team approach consisting of neonatologists, paediatric surgeons and maternal foetal medicine specialists, since there is a high risk for aneuploidy and foetal malformation.


INTRODUCTION
This was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. Out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for HIV and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively.

METHODS
Fecal samples were collected from each woman once every two months over the period from July 2006 to June 2007, and they were screened for rotaviruses by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assays, for caliciviruses and astroviruses by means of RT-PCR and for adenovirus by means of immunoenzymatic assays. The astroviruses were genotyped using nested PCR.

RESULTS
Among the 84 patients, 19 (22.6%) were positive for either calicivirus (14/19) or astrovirus (6/19), while one women was positive for both viruses in fecal samples collected on different occasions. Most of the positive samples were collected during the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the samples analyzed was positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. Gastroenteric viruses were detected in 13/19 (68.4%) of the pregnant women, whether HIV-seropositive or not.

CONCLUSIONS
The results from the present study showed that neither pregnancy nor HIV-seropositive status among the women increased the risk of infection by any of the gastroenteric viruses studied. This study presents data on gastroenteric virus detection among pregnant and/or HIV-positive women.


Partitioning an atheromatous carotid plaque into its main biological components can be a valuable tool to assess its vulnerability. One could compute textural or elasticity features on each component to describe them. In this paper, we propose a fully automated segmentation method, based on statistical properties of the ultrasound backscattered envelope signals, to classify plaque pixels into a fixed number of components. The echogenicity of each plaque was modeled as a mixture of 2 Nakagami distributions leading to 2 main components. The mixture parameters were at first estimated with an Expectation Maximization algorithm (EM). Each class of the partition was then initialized using the Maximum Likelihood segmentation (ML). The optimal partition of the plaque area was then found using a level-set formulation of the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimator with a spatial cohesion prior. Nakagami mixture parameters were extracted from those components. Uncompressed B-mode sequences of 8 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic subjects were analyzed for a total of 42 plaque sequences. We found that the Nakagami parameters were able to distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic patients with a significant p-value. Further works including elasticity mapping on each component are in progress and might lead to new indexes of vulnerability.


As a founder of the Process Systems Engineering (PSE) discipline, Professor Roger W.H. Sargent had set ambitious goals for a systematic new generation of a process design paradigm based on optimization techniques with the consideration of future uncertainties and operational decisions. In this paper, we present a historical perspective on the milestones in model-based design optimization techniques and the developed tools to solve the resulting complex problems. We examine the progress spanning more than five decades, from the early flexibility analysis and optimal process design under uncertainty to more recent developments on the simultaneous consideration of process design, scheduling, and control. This formidable target towards the grand unification poses unique challenges due to multiple time scales and conflicting objectives. Here, we review the recent progress and propose future research directions.


Argumentation theorists need to command a clear view of the sources of the obligations that arguers incur, e.g., their burdens of proof. Theories of illocutionary speech acts promise to fill this need. This essay contrasts two views of illocutionary acts: one, that they are constituted by rules, the other, that they are constituted by paradigmatic practical calculations. After a general comparison of the two views, the strength of the pragmatic view is demonstrated through an account of the illocutionary act of making an accusation. It is shown that the essential conditions of ACCUSING revealed by conceptual analysis are just what is practically necessary to manage a routine, but complex, communicative problem. The essay closes with remarks on the implications of the pragmatic view of speech acts for argumentation theory generally.


Research and development in the management of the Future Internet have come a long way, and we are delighted to present the proceedings of the 3rd IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Management of the Future Internet (ManFI). This year, this workshop was held in conjunction with the 12th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM) in Dublin, Ireland. Further information for ManFI and IM can be found at http://www.manfi.org/ and http://www.ieee-im.org/, respectively.


One of the main elements of an Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) language or framework is its pointcut language. A pointcut is a predicate which selects program execution points and determines at which points the execution should be affected by an aspect. Experimenting with AspectJ shows that two basic primitive pointcuts, call and execution, dealing with method invoca- tion from the caller and callee standpoints, respectively, lead to confusion. This is due to a subtle interplay between the use of static and dynamic types to select execution points, dynamic lookup, and the expectation to easily select the caller and callee execution points related to the same invocation. As a result, alternative semantics have been proposed but have remained paper design. In this article, we reconsider these various semantics in a practical way by implementing them using CALI, our Common Aspect Language Interpreter. This framework reuses both Java as a base language and AspectJ as a way to select the program execution points of interest. An additional interpretation layer can then be used to prototype interesting AOP variants in a full-blown environment. The paper illustrates the benefits of applying such a setting to the case of the call and execution pointcuts. We show that alternative semantics can be implemented very easily and exercised in the context of AspectJ without resorting to complex compiler technology.


We report the first demonstration of embedded lattice soliton trains. Such solitons arise from the X-symmetry points in the first Bloch band but still reside (embedded) in the first band of a 2D photonic lattice.


Some applications that make use of digital images do not allow that the last are compressed with loss of information. A solution for this problem can be the use of a selective compression method, where determined regions of the image where the loss of information is not tolerable (regions of interest RoI) are compressed without losses and the remaining portion with losses, making possible to reach high compression ratios. This paper proposes a selective compression method of digital color images where the perfect reconstruction of the regions of interest is guaranteed. The method uses competitive neural networks, mathematical morphology, Huffman adaptive coding and wavelet transform.


ABSTRACT: During the 1940s the Icelandic novelist Halldór Laxness embarked on a project
 to oversee the publication of five medieval sagas. The project emerged as a response
 to certain editorial practices common to the time and, like many of Halldór's endeavours,
 invited no small measure of controversy. In fact, Halldór's publication venture resulted
 in a legal battle with the Icelandic government, from which he ultimately emerged
 victorious. An examination of his editorial project and its background demonstrates
 much about Halldór's own understanding of the medieval sagas and the wider significance
 of the saga heritage in the context of modern Icelandic society and culture. Moreover,
 this project was also intimately connected to Halldór's own artistic pursuits at the
 time and in the years that followed, and thus provides important insight into the
 writer he was and the writer he was yet to become.


The resurgence of home-sewing has led to renewed academic interest in the area. Current research has found that home-sewing is a substitute for purchasing ill-fitting, poor-quality and unsustainable fast fashion. Home-sewers report that they find the practice a creative leisure activity
 and that home-sewing is an empowering activity. What has been less examined are reasons why sewers make historical clothing, as opposed to making modern designs. This article examines home-sewing via the lens of historical material culture. That is, is seeks to understand the reasons why people
 sew and wear anachronistic clothing. It does so via an international survey of over 200 participants. A range of complex social and historical factors emerge in this research, which posit that there exist broad cultural phenomena to explain this contemporary trend. Of the recent research conducted
 into the reasons and motivations of home-sewers, the focus is on the sewing of contemporary clothing. Conversely, this research examines the motivations for sewing and wearing anachronistic clothing. Leading home dressmaking pattern company Simplicity claims that for many home-sewers it is
 vintage patterns that lead them to undertake home-sewing. This suggests that there are different types of home dressmakers who are motivated by considerations beyond that uncovered by previous research.


One way to promote the brand and to increase awareness to the public is to use influencers, and one of the influencersused by Maybelline is Tasya Farasya. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of influencer credibility onattitudes on the Maybelline brand. In addition, this study also aims to determine the credibility factors of influencersthat most influence attitudes on the Maybelline brand. This research uses descriptive correlational method using aquantitative approach. This study uses a simple linear regression method because there is one independent variable andone dependent variable. The population in this study were female students of the Telkom University Faculty ofCommunication and Business who had watched and or followed a video made by Tasya Farasya regarding Maybellineproducts. The number of samples used in this study were 100 respondents.In this study has a positive effect between the variable credibility of influencer (X) on the attitude variable on the brand(Y) on the Maybelline brand. This is evidenced by hypothesis testing using the - t test. The data produces that the valuet_count (7.334)> t_ (table) (1.984). The credibility factor of influencers that most influences attitudes towards brand isattractiveness.


Industrialisation is believed to be the key to sustainable economic growth on the African continent, and the Chinese government believes its own experience can serve as a useful model for many African countries. Chinese investment in the manufacturing sector in Africa is expected to contribute to export-led economic growth, technology transfer and job creation, among other development-related benefits. It will also provide an opportunity for African economies to be more closely integrated into the global economy, which, in turn, will expand Chinese soft power on the continent. However, this project faces challenges regarding labour relations. Considering that one of the main pillars of soft power is people-to-people relations, the Chinese government's involvement in Africa's industrialisation process will require greater commitment from the various agents involved in implementing China's soft power.


This research considers network coded broadcast system with multi-rate transmission and dual queue stability constraints. Existing network coded broadcast systems consider single rate transmission without receiver queue constraints. First, we shall illustrate that broadcast without network coding cannot support maximum throughput in wireless fading channels. However, the network coded broadcast poses new constraints for the receivers to manage stable queues while the fading channel characteristics suggest the broadcast to operate at multi-rate to achieve higher throughput. In this research, we propose a joint scheduling and network coding (JSNC) strategy for such network coded broadcast system to achieve maximum throughput under queue stability constraint. In a single cell broadcast networks with exogenous arrivals of packets at the base station, we prove that JSNC can stabilize the system as long as the rate of the exogenous arrival flow is within the capacity region. Sufficient control parameters are provided in JSNC for trading off between sender's buffer and the receivers' buffers. JSNC can be viewed as a generalization of the classical backpressure scheduling rule to coded information flow. Alternatively, JSNC can also be viewed as an extension of network coding theory to queuing system.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a serious complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and accounts for approximately 15% of all IBD-associated deaths. The likelihood of IBD-related carcinoma is greater than that of sporadic CRC. Over one half are diagnosed at stage III or IV. During the last few years we have worked on mining colon mucosal and submucosal layers for discovery of biomarkers that differentiate ulcerative colitis (UC) from Crohn's colitis (CC). Using LC-MS/MS, we examined signals found to be significantly different between CC and UC samples. We found a signal at m/z 5045 which was more intense in UC samples. The MALDI spectrum did not identify an intact protein entity but did identify hemoglobin chains. Macrophages are highly versatile phagocytes active in multiple roles in the immune system and key players in the inflammatory response. The microenvironment of most inflammation is filled with a large population of macrophages. In IBD, studies have found that macrophages can count for more than 50% of the exudative mass. Their presence within the inflammatory microenvironment, in some cases, has been proven to increase transformation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. In hemorrhagic situations (as in UC) macrophages engulf erythrocytes and as a result release free heme iron (heFe). Earlier studies observed that heFe has cellular proliferation effects on colon cancer cells. Recently, the potential carcinogenic effects of heFe were documented when it was shown that heFe increases the number of aberrant crypt foci in colon mucosa. In the colon, iron is expected to increase the production of reactive oxygen (O2) species (ROS) from peroxides via the Fenton reaction, which may be the cause of cellular toxicity and even pro-mutagenic lesions. Intracellular reactions with active O2 can result in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis by induction of gene mutations, chromosomal damage and cytotoxic effects. We hypothesize that elevated expression of mucosal free heFe would be associated with an increased risk of UC-associated CRC. To validate this will require investigating whether hemoglobin could be classified as a proliferative or transforming agent for colon cancer cells by causing reactive oxygen species release. For this purpose, we plan to study the cellular viability of differentiated colon cell line (cancer: CCL 224, CCL 227 and normal: NCM 356 and NCM 460) after administration of hemoglobin at different concentrations. ROS production will be investigated in each step. Additionally, we intend to examine the potential cytotoxicity of hemoglobin. Supported: MMC-VICC Cancer Partnership Grant # 3U54CA091408-09S 1 (SEA & HLM); MeTRC grant # 5U54RR026140-03 (SEA), and Vanderbilt SPORE in GI Cancer Grant # P50CA095103

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2058. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2058


An isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method has been developed for the determination of Hg and Pb in fuels using flow injection vapor generation (VG) as the sample introduction system. A simple and inexpensive in-situ nebulizer/vapor generator was employed in this study. An emulsion containing 10% v/v fuel, 2% m/v Triton X-100 and 1.0% m/v tartaric acid was injected into VG-ICP-MS system for the determination of Hg and Pb. Sodium borohydride was used for vapor generation. Since the sensitivities of Hg and Pb in emulsion and those in aqueous solution are quite different, isotope dilution and standard addition methods were used for the determination of Hg and Pb in selected fuel samples. The influences of vapor generation conditions and emulsion preparation on the ion signals are reported. This method has been applied for the determination of Hg and Pb in various fuel samples such as diesel, gasoline and engine oil obtained locally. The analytical results obtained by isotope dilution and standard addition methods were in good agreement with each other and also with those of digested samples analyzed by pneumatic nebulization ICP-MS. Under the optimum operating conditions, the detection limits obtained were 0.02 and 0.03 ng mL^–1 for Hg and Pb, respectively, in prepared emulsified solutions, corresponding to 0.2 and 0.3 ng mL^–1 of Hg and Pb, respectively, in the original fuel samples.


Many adult critical care units (ACCU) use a standard protocol to commence enteral nutrition (EN). This often involves measuring gastric residual volumes (GRV); if GRV is ‡ 200 ml the patient is considered to not be absorbing EN. Recently this protocol has been disputed as higher GRV can be present in the stomach than is measured and does not correlate well with increased aspiration risk. We audited our practice (unpublished results) and concluded that using a GRV cut-off point of 200 ml was hindering the delivery of EN, as a result our unit trialled a GRV of 400 ml. After this change, a re-audit of GRV and EN delivery was carried out, between April and June 2008. GRV were recorded for up to 14 days of ACCU stay; other data collected included volume of EN delivered, volume prescribed, the use of prokinetics (metoclopramide erythromycin) and other symptoms consistent with intolerance of EN. During this period, 233 patients were admitted to the ACCU; of these, 47 patients met the inclusion criteria (excluded if on ACCU for <48 h, fed via a percutaneous tube, Parenteral Nutrition (PN) or case notes unavailable). Of these 47 patients, 31 (10 surgical, 20 medical and 1 trauma) were fed via Nasogastric tube; of the remaining 16 patients, 12 were eating and drinking and 4 received no nutrition during this time. Average time to commence EN was 41 h, with a range of 0–116 h, with 40% of patients exceeding the target time of 48 h. EN was stopped in 75% of patients (on average 2.75 times per patient), accounting for an average loss of 20% of feeding hours. Feed intolerance was the reason for stoppages in 37% of patients, compared to 68% in the previous audit. A high proportion of patients had EN stopped for other reasons: unplanned removal of NG (10%), planned extubation (20%) procedures or surgery (12%) and for other unspecified reasons (36%); these figures were notably higher than the previous audit. Prokinetics were used in 40% of patients, 9% being on dual therapy. Abdominal distension or high abdominal pressures were present in 15% of patients. Unusual patterns of GRV (low or zero GRV followed by vomiting or large volumes were present in 56% of patients; one of these patients aspirated. Three patients were deemed to have failed EN and went on to receive PN (9%). To conclude, using a 400 ml GRV may improve EN delivery; EN was stopped less often due to a high GRV. When feed was not interrupted due to other reasons a higher volume was delivered – 25% of patients received more feed than would be expected if using a 200 ml GRV – Prokinetic use was reduced. There was no increase in aspiration. Due to a high number of other stoppages overall results did not improve, clearly the reasons for these stoppages need to be addressed. Other areas of our practice need to be reviewed: EN could have been commenced earlier in 21% – earlier decisions for PN or naso-jejunal tube placement in 12.5% and the use of a 24-h target volume instead of a target rate in 12% (to account for feed being off for procedures). The high proportion of patients with unpredictable patterns of GRV and vomiting raise the question of whether we should measure GRV at all; as it does not appear to be linked with aspiration.


Following an application from Valio Ltd submitted pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Finland, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to isoleucyl-prolyl-proline (IPP) and valyl-prolyl-proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure (BP). The tripeptides IPP and VPP are sufficiently characterised. Maintenance of normal blood pressure is a beneficial physiological effect. The applicant identified a total of 20 published intervention studies (in 19 papers; five papers were translated by the applicant into English from the Japanese original) and one unpublished study, as well as two published and one unpublished meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) as being pertinent to the claim. Thirteen of the RCTs provided, four of which were adequately powered to detect small between-group differences in systolic BP (SBP), did not observe an effect of IPP and VPP on SBP or diastolic BP. The interpretation of the results from seven out of the eight studies which reported an effect of IPP and VPP on office SBP was hampered by major methodological limitations. The animal studies did not provide additional information on the effect of IPP and VPP on BP in humans, and no convincing evidence for a mechanism by which IPP and VPP could exert the claimed effect at the proposed dose has been provided. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of IPP and VPP and maintenance of normal blood pressure.


AbstractSerpiginous choroiditis is an inflammatory form of posterior uveitis that affects the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and choriocapillaries. Known to be recurrent and progressive in nature, this bilateral disease can result in severe visual loss both during the active and healed stages. The age at onset is 40 to 50 years, but it can affect younger Indian population. It can be further classified into 3 types based on its clinical presentation, and they are, namely, peripapillary, macular, and ampiginous. Histological features further qualify the site of inflammation as evidenced by lymphocytic infiltration within the choroid and atrophy of choriocapillaries and retinal pigment epithelium. Despite a multitude of etiologies such as autoimmunity, infection, and degeneration, autoimmune causes remain the mainstay. Laboratory investigations can help rule out infections, whereas angiography can provide further insights into the progression of the disease. Newer investigations such as optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence can help locate the lesion and identify the phase of the disease. Corticosteroids with immunosuppressives are the major management modality. Treatment of complications may require intravitreal injections, laser photocoagulation, or even vitreoretinal surgery.


The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building's internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency and substantially lowering energy usage. This research aimed to assess the energy efficiency of typical building envelope materials in Iran. To do this, we used Autodesk RevitR to generate a generic model and DesignBuilderR to conduct an energy analysis. The BIM building envelope integrates a BIM building's internal and external environments, improving energy efficiency.
 A BIM building envelope energy analysis was performed on 58 local wall constructions material in Iran. Then, the energy consumption of a BIM building's HVAC system was then compared against the costs of all external wall alternatives to determine the optimal layer combination. Consequently, the energy simulation results demonstrated that the double external wall structure, 2AAC block core, with XPS (CFC) insulation exterior wall and the single external wall, PERLEX Ultra-Lightweight (PUW) wall performed better. In addition, the clay block wall is found to be the optimum solution for the case study location. The applicability of the proposed system is validated with a case study of a traditional residential building.


Although significant progress has been made in the development of all-inorganic CsPbI3 (X = Br, Cl and I) perovskites, some crucial points typically concerning their stability and toxicity due to the presence of Pb are yet to be addressed. In the present study, we report the growth of qualified all-inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite nanobelts with high yield and purity via a solvothermal route; herein, Sn has been incorporated to substitute Pb to reduce the toxicity of these nanobelts. XPS analyses showed that the Sn-doped CsPbI3 nanobelts were substantially stabilized and exhibited satisfied stability for up to 15 days when maintained under air conditions. The as-constructed photodetectors (PDs) based on a single CsPb0.922Sn0.078I3 nanobelt displayed overall excellent performance with an ultrahigh detectivity of up to 6.43 × 1013 Jones, which was comparable to the best values of all-inorganic perovskite PDs reported to date.


In educational research the use of the word organization carries two distinct and only distantly related connotations. One concerns patterns of deploying pupils, teachers, or other organizational components, as in team teaching, in order to achieve some specified organizational goals. Relevant research in education is reviewed in a later chapter by Nystrand and Bertolaet. The second connotation applies to the nature of educational organizations as they are and the variables that make them so. This is a new field, the impact of which is barely beginning to be felt upon educational research. The extent of the writing in other fields, however, is indicated by the appearance of the massive Handbook of Organizations (March, 1965), which, according to its editor, "could not have been written 15 years ago; certainly it will not survive another 15" (p. xv) . Organization theory has been considered a growth point at the present time in the development of the social sciences. In education, the study of organizations has evolved as the focus for the conceptual groping that once characterized the era of "the interdisciplinary approach to administration." Research in this semidiscipline (the term is from March) outside of education is reasonably plentiful, sometimes insightful, and usually so diverse as to defy cross-communication among the component social sciences. Hoping to provide that link, Pugh (1966) offered a paper that traces the main contributions of each of six groups to the development of organization theory as an emerging "quasi-independent science": management theorists, structural theorists, group theorists, individual theorists, technology theorists, and economic theorists. Though to the educational researcher the contributions of some of Pugh's groups may appear irrelevant, his final point cannot: successful attempts to study work organization will be those that consider the interdependence of three conceptually distinct levels of analysis of behavior in organizations—(a) organizational structure and functioning, (b) group composition and interaction, and (c) individual personality and behavior (p. 248). In the previous review of this subject, Lipham (1964) pointed out that the central motif of research on administrative behavior was the use of theoretical constructs of the social sciences. This trend has continued so that much research concerning the functioning of educational organizations appears to be based to some degree upon valid theory. Some of these studies, however, lack relevance to the processes being studied and therefore appear to have limited usefulness. On the other hand, there is a promising trend toward taking account of the distinctive organizational variables relevant to the functioning of educational organizations by means of designs that


Abstract Seismic anisotropy has been studied on a number of dry cubic sandstone specimens, of 51 mm side, in which a system of aligned cracks has been first introduced progressively by the application of a polyaxial state of stress, and then closed by hydrostatic stress. One P- and two S-wave velocities polarized at right angles, along with the deformation, have been measured at each stress level in each of the three principal stress directions. Thomsen's (1986) anisotropy parameters (ɛ, γ, δ) have been calculated at each stress level during the cracking and crack closing cycles using Nishizawa's (1982) theory. Test results indicate that anisotropy in the P-wave velocity is greater and more sensitive to the presence of aligned cracks than that observed for S waves. Modelling studies show that the P-wave anisotropy parameter ɛ is always greater than that of anisotropy parameter δ, for low crack densities and for small aspect ratios. The reverse is true for high crack densities and low aspect ratios. The results of numerical studies indicate that S-wave anisotropy is independent of the nature of the saturating fluid and that it is possible to observe elliptical anisotropy in a medium containing aligned dry ellipsoidal inclusions.


The translation machinery is generally designated to synthesize polypeptides consisting of 20 proteinogenic (natural) amino acids. Significantly, the ribosomal synthesis is employed in mRNA–template dependent manner, i.e. the sequence of mRNA dictates that of polypeptide according to the genetic code, enabling us to design the peptide sequence by simply preparing the corresponding mRNA or its DNA as the template for transcription. From the synthetic point of view, however, the fact that the useable monomers are limited to 20 proteinogenic amino acids is a serious restriction for the preparation of peptide library with high chemical diversities. In this review, we shall discuss an emerging new technology, referred to as genetic code reprogramming, that allows us to express natural product–like non–standard peptides using a reconstituted cell–free translation system. This technology will open a new avenue for the discovery of a new class of non–standard peptides.


A new type of polarized light microscope ('new pol‐scope') for fast and orientation‐independent measurement of birefringent fine structure has been developed. The design of the new pol‐scope incorporates a precision universal compensator made from two liquid crystal variable retarders. A video camera and digital image processing system provide fast measurements of specimen anisotropy (retardance magnitude and azimuth) at all points of the image forming the field of view. The images document fine structural and molecular organization within a thin optical section of the specimen. The sensitivity of the current instrument is 0·1 nm of specimen retardance, measured with data gathered in 0·43 s at all 640 × 480 image points. Examples of birefringence measurements in biological (microtubule arrays) and industrial (magneto‐optical disc substrate) specimens are presented.


We study a stochastic individual-based model of interacting plant and pollinator species through a bipartite graph: each species is a node of the graph, an edge representing interactions between a pair of species. The dynamics of the system depends on the between- and within-species interactions: pollination by insects increases plant reproduction rate but has a cost which can increase plant death rate, depending on pollinators density. Pollinators reproduction is increased by the resources harvested on plants. Each species is characterized by a trait corresponding to its degree of generalism. This trait determines the structure of the interactions graph and the quantity of resources exchanged between species. Our model includes in particular nested or modular networks. Deterministic approximations of the stochastic measure-valued process by systems of ordinary differential equations or integro-differential equations are established and studied, when the population is large or when the graph is dense and can be replaced with a graphon. The long-time behaviors of these limits are studied and central limit theorems are established to quantify the difference between the discrete stochastic individual-based model and the deterministic approximations. Finally, studying the continuous limits of the interaction network and the resulting PDEs, we show that nested plant-pollinator communities are expected to collapse towards a coexistence between a single pair of species of plants and pollinators.


Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are exposed to various hemodynamic forces associated with blood flow. These include fluid shear, the tangential force derived from the friction of blood flowing across the luminal cell surface, tensile stress due to deformation of the vessel wall by transvascular flow, and normal stress caused by the hydrodynamic pressure differential across the vessel wall. While it is well known that these fluid forces induce changes in endothelial morphology, cytoskeletal remodeling, and altered gene expression, the effect of flow on endothelial organization within the context of the tumor microenvironment is largely unknown. Using a previously established microfluidic tumor vascular model, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of normal (4 dyn/cm2), low (1 dyn/cm2), and high (10 dyn/cm2) microvascular wall shear stress (WSS) on tumor-endothelial paracrine signaling associated with angiogenesis. It is hypothesized that high WSS will alter the endothelial phenotype such that vascular permeability and tumor-expressed angiogenic factors are reduced. Results demonstrate that endothelial permeability decreases as a function of increasing WSS, while co-culture with tumor cells increases permeability relative to mono-cultures. This response is likely due to shear stress-mediated endothelial cell alignment and tumor-VEGF-induced permeability. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that high WSS (10 dyn/cm2) significantly down-regulates tumor-expressed MMP9, HIF1, VEGFA, ANG1, and ANG2, all of which are important factors implicated in tumor angiogenesis. This result was not observed in tumor mono-cultures or static conditioned media experiments, suggesting a flow-mediated paracrine signaling mechanism exists with surrounding tumor cells that elicits a change in expression of angiogenic factors. Findings from this work have significant implications regarding low blood velocities commonly seen in the tumor vasculature, suggesting high shear stress-regulation of angiogenic activity is lacking in many vessels, thereby driving tumor angiogenesis.


We present multiphysics design studies for thermal management of a 325 MHz 3 MeV Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) structure for the front end of 1 GeV proton linac for proposed Indian Spallation Neutron Source (ISNS). Physics design of RFQ for ISNS application has been carried out for 10% (maximum) duty factor. During high power operation of RFQ, RF-induced heating would result in temperature rise, thermal deformations and frequency shift of RFQ from designed values. Therefore thermal management is one of the important design considerations for RFQ development. During design studies, electromagnetic analysis of RFQ cavity is performed to compute RF induced heat fluxes on RFQ surfaces using SUPERFISH and ANSYS software. Simulated results for both codes were compared and found in well agreement. A water cooling scheme has been designed to absorb RF induced heat from RFQ structure. Cooling parameters are optimized by employing univariate search method optimization technique. An RF-Thermal-Structural-RF coupled multi-physics analysis methodology is developed to evaluate thermal induced frequency detuning of ISNS RFQ structure. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of cooling water temperatures on RFQ frequency. Based on analysis results, cooling water temperatures are varied to restore RFQ frequency to designed values. Thus, water cooling will not only remove heat from structure, but it will also be used for online control of resonating frequency during steady state operation of RFQ structure. Results of numerical studies carried out for thermal management of ISNS RFQ are presented in this paper.


In order to test the hypothesis that glycogen sparing observed early during exercise following caffeine ingestion was a consequence of tighter metabolic control reflected in faster VO2 kinetics, we examined the effect of caffeine ingestion on oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and expiratory ventilation (VE) kinetics at the onset of both moderate (MOD) and heavy (HVY) intensity exercise. Male subjects (n= 10) were assigned to either a MOD (50 % VO2,max, n= 5) or HVY (80 % VO2,max, n= 5) exercise condition. Constant‐load cycle ergometer exercise was performed as a step function from loadless cycling 1 h after ingestion of either dextrose (placebo, PLAC) or caffeine (CAFF; 6 mg (kg body mass)−1). Alveolar gas exchange was measured breath‐by‐breath. A 2‐ or 3‐component exponential model, fitted through the entire exercise transient, was used to analyse gas exchange and ventilatory data for the determination of total lag time (TLT: the time taken to attain 63 % of the total exponential increase). Caffeine had no effect on TLT for VO2 kinetics at either exercise intensity (MOD: 36 ± 14 s (PLAC) and 41 ± 10 s (CAFF); HVY: 99 ± 30 s (PLAC) and 103 ± 26 (CAFF) (mean ±s.d.)). TLT for VE was increased with caffeine at both exercise intensities (MOD: 50 ± 20 s (PLAC) and 59 ± 21 s (CAFF); HVY: 168 ± 35 s (PLAC) and 203 ± 48 s (CAFF)) and for VCO2 during MOD only (MOD: 47 ± 14 s (PLAC) and 53 ± 17 s (CAFF); HVY: 65 ± 13 s (PLAC) and 69 ± 17 s (CAFF)). Contrary to our hypothesis, the metabolic effects of caffeine did not alter the on‐transient VO2 kinetics in moderate or heavy exercise. VCO2 kinetics were slowed by a reduction in CO2 stores reflected in pre‐exercise and exercise end‐tidal CO2 pressure (PET,CO2) and plasma PCO2 which, we propose, contributed to slowed VE kinetics.