We consider the problem of controlling distributed storage in a network with renewable distributed generation to minimize operational cost while satisfying power quality constraints. We assume control is distributed between a global controller (GC) and local controllers (LCs) located at the nodes with storage units. Each LC has access to its most recent net load data and runs at every time step while the GC has delayed data due to smart meter infrastructure or communication network delay, hence runs less frequently. We describe three control schemes: 1) direct storage controller (DSC) in which the GC computes the storage control signals for an upcoming window and the LCs directly use these signals; 2) net load following controller (NLFC) in which the GC computes a net load profile for each node and each LC tries to track its set profile; and 3) nodal slack controller (NSC) in which the GC computes upper and lower bounds on the net load at each node and the LC optimizes the local control action constrained by these bounds. We use a radial network with real load data to compare the performance of these schemes based on arbitrage profit and maximum solar penetration relative to a perfect foresight controller. We find that NSC and NLFC increase the supported maximum solar penetration to 29% and 40%, respectively, as compared to 10% for DSC. Moreover, NSC is able to capture 90.7% of the available arbitrage profits which is significantly higher than that achievable with NLFC and DSC.


This article proposes a Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Network (RBF-ANN) to classify tempered steel cams as correctly or incorrectly treated pieces by using multi-frequency nondestructive eddy current testing. Impedances at five frequencies between 10 kHz and 300 kHz were employed to perform the binary sorting. The ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) test was employed to check the significance of the differences between the impedance samples for the two classification groups. Afterwards, eleven classifiers were implemented and compared with one RBF-ANN classifier: ten linear discriminant analysis classifiers and one Euclidean distance classifier. When employing the proposed RBF-ANN, the best performance was achieved with a precision of 95% and an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.98. The obtained results suggest RBF-ANN classifiers processing multi-frequency impedance data could be employed to classify tempered steel DIN 100Cr6 cams with a better performance than other classical classifiers.


In this paper strives to develop a robot capable of performing operations like automatic ploughing, seed dispensing, fruit picking and pesticide spraying. It also provides manual control when required and keeps tabs on the humidity with the help of humidity sensors .The main component here is the AVR At mega microcontroller that supervises the entire process. Initially the robot tills the entire field and proceeds to ploughing, simultaneously dispensing seeds side by side. The device used for navigation is an ultrasonic sensor which continuously sends data to the microcontroller. On the field the robot operates on automated mode, but outside the field is strictly operated in manual mode. For manual control the robot uses the Bluetooth pairing app as control device and helps in the navigation of the robot outside the field. The field is fitted with humidity sensors placed at various spots that continuously monitor the environment for humidity levels. It checks these levels with the set point for humidity and alerts the farmer. The alerting mechanism is GSM module that sends a text message to the farmer informing him about the breach in set point. The farmer then responds via SMS to either switch on the water sprinklers or ignore the alert. The water sprinklers, if on, bring down the humidity level thus providing an ideal growing environment to crop. The major concept of the paper fruit picking and pesticide spraying is described under the process domain. Farmers today spend a lot of money on machines that help them decrease labor and increase yield of crops but the profit and efficiency are very less. Hence automation is the ideal solution to overcome all the shortcomings by creating machines that perform one operations and automating it to increase yield on a large scale.


Helicobacter pylori is one of the important causes of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, stomach cancer in humans. The importance of these diseases has led to the development of effective drug treatment regimens against them. The basis of this study is the determination of the effects of some medicinal plants on the in-vitro growth of H. pylori and their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. For this purpose, different parts of 15 plant species were extracted using solvents. Water, ethanol, chloroform, acetone extracts of plants were used and antimicrobial activities of these extracts against both H. pylori and other test microorganisms were investigated using the agar disc diffusion methods. The antioxidant properties of the extracts, which were found to be effective in terms of antimicrobial activity, were determined by the thiocyanate method. As a result, acetone extracts of plants; It was determined that it showed higher antimicrobial activity than water, ethanol, chloroform extracts. The most effective two plants against H. pylori for water, ethanol, chloroform, acetone were Capsella bursa-pastoris, Acorus calamus; Acorus calamus, Achillea millefolium; Acorus calamus, Pimpinella anisum, Acorus calamus, Achillea millefolium, respectively. Acetone extracts of Hypericum perforatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Achillea millefolium; Acorus calamus, Pimpinella anisum plants were found to have antioxidant properties.


Abstract Barley seedlings were grown for 7, 10 or 13 days under continuous white light (Fluora lamps) on a nutrient solution containing simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis-(ethylamino)-s-triazine, 10, 100 μᴍ) . Accumulation of chlorophylls and in part of carotenoids was increasingly enhanced depending on age and concentrations applied. The ratio chlorophyll a/b decreased on this line in 10 and 13 day old plants, the ratio xanthophylls/β-carotene and the ratio chlorophyll a/prenylquinones (plasto-quinone-90X. + red. , α-tocopherol, α-tocoquinone) increased. The way how these prenyllipid ratios are changed in 10 and 13 day old plants is characteristic of a shade type adaptation, as it was shown earlier for other herbicides inhibiting photosystem II. In 7 day old plants the ratio chlorophyll a/prenylquinones decreased. Photosynthetic activity (Hill-reaction) was enhanced in the simazine plants. The ratio chlorophyll a/b was higher, the ratio xanthophylls/β-carotene was lower than in the older seedlings. Similar changes of prenyllipid ratios like in 7 day seedlings and a higher Hill activity were also found in plants grown under blue light (sun type adaptation) as compared to red light (shade type adaptation). This points to similar metabolic changes in the chloroplasts which could be related to a common site of regulation, perhaps the endogenuous cytokinins. The Hill activity, increasing with age in the 10 and 13 day plants, indicates that the mode of action of simazine may be a multiple process resulting to a parallel formation of shade type and sun type characteristics.


Background Various affective disorders are linked with enhanced processing of unpleasant stimuli. However, this link is likely a result of the dominant negative mood derived from the disorder, rather than a result of the disorder itself. Additionally, little is currently known about the influence of mood on the susceptibility to emotional events in healthy populations. Method Event-Related Potentials (ERP) were recorded for pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures while subjects performed an emotional/neutral picture classification task during positive, neutral, or negative mood induced by instrumental Chinese music. Results Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitudes were positively related to the affective arousal of pictures. The emotional responding to unpleasant pictures, indicated by the unpleasant-neutral differences in LPPs, was enhanced during negative compared to neutral and positive moods in the entire LPP time window (600–1000 ms). The magnitude of this enhancement was larger with increasing self-reported negative mood. In contrast, this responding was reduced during positive compared to neutral mood in the 800–1000 ms interval. Additionally, LPP reactions to pleasant stimuli were similar across positive, neutral and negative moods except those in the 800–900 ms interval. Implications Negative mood intensifies the humans' susceptibility to unpleasant events in healthy individuals. In contrast, music-induced happy mood is effective in reducing the susceptibility to these events. Practical implications of these findings were discussed.


Over the past thirty years there has been a dramatic improvement in the survival of children with congenital heart disease, and the vast majority can now expect to reach adulthood. However it is rare that a lesion can truly be described as "cured" even with everything that modern surgery can offer. Often lesions are palliated instead, and this subjects patients to a variety of complications in later life. These include residual haemodynamic lesions necessitating further surgical or percutaneous intervention, cardiac arrhythmia, and heart failure. All of these are potentially lethal, and result in a steady decline in survival, functional status and quality of life in later years.

In order to care for these patients a new medical subspecialty has emerged - that of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease (ACHD). Although the provision of highly specialist management for this population has allowed many significant clinical improvements to be made, healthcare practitioners working in this field face significant challenges. The long term prognosis for these patients is uncertain, making it difficult to know how to counsel young
people who wish for employment, a family, and a future. Whilst powerful tools for the non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular structure and function exist, their role in clinical decision making is often poorly defined, and the nature and timing of repeat intervention are frequently based on expert opinion rather than robust evidence from large well conducted
clinical trials, and consequently the true benefit of such procedures is unclear. Furthermore, to my knowledge, there has never been a serious attempt to characterise outcomes in ACHD patients in Scotland. Because of the sheer heterogeneity of congenital cardiac conditions I
decided to focus on outcomes in two distinct, relatively easily defined cohorts of adult patients with repaired congenital heart disease - patients with a systemic right ventricle, and patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), both characterised by the presence of an abnormal right ventricle. In chapter 3 I outline what is currently known about mortality and
morbidity in each condition, based on what has been reported globally by other congenital cardiac centres. I then report the survival and adverse outcomes experienced by patients followed up by our centre: for patients with a systemic right ventricle in chapter 4, and for patients with repaired TOF in chapter 5. I assess these outcomes both in relation to the published literature internationally, and also to the general Scottish population. Finally, in chapter 6 I assess the clinical utility of parameters derived from cardiac MRI and cardiopulmonary exercise testing to establish whether this can improve clinical risk stratification for patients with repaired TOF.


BACKGROUND: The gold standard for surveillance of patients with anal lesions is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to stratify patients for risk of progression of disease and to determine appropriate intervals for surveillance of patients with anal disease. DESIGN: This was a retrospective chart review for patients treated for anal lesions between 2007 and 2014. Only patients with ≥1 year of follow-up from index evaluation, pathology, documented physical examination, and anoscopy findings were included for analysis. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at an urban university hospital. PATIENTS: HIV-positive patients with anal lesions treated with excision and fulguration were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrence of anal lesions, progression of disease, and progression to cancer were measured. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 41.6 years, and mean follow-up was 38.6 months (range, 11.0–106.0 mo). On initial pathology, 8 patients (8.8%) had a diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum without dysplasia, 20 patients (22%) had anal intraepithelial neoplasia I, 32 (35.2%) had anal intraepithelial neoplasia II, and 31 (34.1%) had anal intraepithelial neoplasia III. Sixty-nine patients (75.8%) had repeat procedures. Seven (87.5%) of 8 patients with condyloma and 6 (30%) of 20 patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia I progressed to high-grade lesions. Five (15.6%) of 32 patients progressed from anal intraepithelial neoplasia II to III, and 2 patients with anal intraepithelial neoplasia III (6.5%) developed squamous cell carcinoma (2.3% for the entire cohort). LIMITATIONS: This was a single institution study. High-resolution anoscopy was not used. CONCLUSIONS: All of the HIV-positive patients with condyloma or anal intraepithelial neoplasia, regardless of the presence of dysplasia, should be surveyed at equivalent 3-month time intervals, because their risk of progression of disease is high. Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A389.


The reporting of international news in China has changed significantly in recent years. Since the late 1990s, driven by the demands of the domestic market, the growing financial strengths of national and metropolitan news organizations, the availability of digital technology, and the state's strategy of enhancing soft power and making China's voice heard in the global arena, more and more Chinese correspondents travel to war and conflict zones abroad to report and file news coverage back home – a rare occurrence in the past. This study examines a new breed of Chinese war correspondents arising from this very new journalistic environment – how they negotiate their changing and challenging roles by questioning their identities, motivations and perceptions, and how they reflect on their roles, and the use and impact of digital technologies such as micro-blogging. This article uses semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 Chinese correspondents who have been posted abroad to cover war zones. The author finds that this new breed is neither traditionally Chinese in their approach nor western in their perceptions but uniquely pragmatic in negotiating a complex mix of identities, motivations, corporate influences and state interests.


The microhabitat preference of zebrafish, Danio rerio from Karala river was investigated. The availability/ preference of microhabitat variables such as (i) distance from the stream bank (ii) water column depth (iii) mesohabitat (iv) water velocity (v) substratum and (vi) subaquatic vegetal cover were quantified based on underwater observations covering a total of 400 m2 of stream area. Microhabitat selectivity was analyzed by comparing the microhabitat availability in the study site and the microhabitat used by fish. Data availability and microhabitats usage pattern were used for calculating habitat availability/preference of D. rerio. In order to test the microhabitat preference of D. rerio the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were applied. In PCA the first three components with higher Eigenvalue accounted for about 98.46% of the total variance. The first component axis alone explained 86.33% of the variance with an Eigenvalue of 5.3 with high loadings (>0.7). CCA revealed a clear separation of the D. rerio along the microhabitat variables. Among the thirty two microhabitat variables, the forward selection procedure was found to be positively significant with eighteen microhabitat variables P<0.05. The preference of D. rerio in the studied streams viz: pool, plunge pool and isolated pool; slow flow, moderate flow and fast flow; and the substratum parameters: sand, gravel and leaf litter; depth parameters like Depth 1, Depth 2, Depth 3 and Depth 5; fish cover parameters such as root undercut and distance from bank parameters such as Distance from bank 1, Distance from bank 2 and Distance from bank 3. CCA revealed a clear distribution pattern of the D. rerio along the microhabitat variables.


Oral tardive dyskinesia may develop due to neuroleptic therapy as a drug-induced disorder of the dopaminergic system of the brain. Long-term treatment with a neuroleptic drug impairing dopaminergic neurotransmission in the rat brain augments oral dyskinetic responses to dopaminergic agonists like apomorphine. In the present experiments, rats were pretreated daily with haloperidol for 3 weeks to cause a 'chronic' blockade in the striatal dopamine receptors. After a withdrawal period of 3 and 6 days, oral sensory stimulation was applied. On the following day the same groups were given apomorphine, and the oral stimulation was repeated. The rats pretreated daily with haloperidol had significantly higher dyskinesia scores than the rats pretreated with saline. The main observation with these sensitized rats was an increase in the frequency and intensity of experimental bruxism caused by oral sensory stimulation alone. Sensory impulses are known to cause release of dopamine in the nigrostriatal system. The combination of oral sensory stimulation and central dopaminergic supersensitivity in the rat can be regarded as an animal model for oral symptoms in human dyskinesia.


Previous studies have shown that the use of motivational regulation strategies has the potential to sustain invested effort and persistence in the learning process. Combining different methods (questionnaires and standardized diaries), the present study aimed to determine the role of motivational regulation in an exam preparation period. Motivational regulation is differentiated in a quantitative (extent of strategy use) and a qualitative (planning, implementing, monitoring, and correcting strategy use) aspect. One hundred and fifteen university students reported the quantity and quality of their motivational regulation strategy use in a pretest and kept a standardized learning diary focused on motivational difficulties and invested effort over a 14-day period just before an exam in their studies. Exam performance was assessed afterward. Results revealed positive effects of both aspects of motivational regulation on invested effort in exam preparation and exam performance. Moreover, a high quality of motivational regulation was associated with reduced negative effects of motivational difficulties on invested effort during studying—implying that motivational regulation can buffer against specific motivational problems occurring in the learning process.


Background: In this study, we aim to investigate the efficiency of artesunate (AS) in treating cystic echinococcosis (CE). Methods: Eosin staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were utilized for the evaluation of treatment efficiency. DHR123 method and comet assay were utilized to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and DNA damages. Results: Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that AS showed significantly higher anti-parasitic effects on CE compared to albendazole (ABZ), especially under in vitro conditions. AS could elevate the ROS level in the protoscoleces (PSCs), which resulted in obvious DNA damages. AS could significant improve the liver function in infected mice compared with the model group (P < 0.05). Moderate and high doses of AS could decrease the TNF-α content compared with the model group (P < 0.05). The content of H2O2 in hydatid fluid treated by AS showed significant decrease compared with the model group (P < 0.01), while the T-SOD level showed significant elevation compared with model group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In this study, we confirmed that the effects of AS on PSCs may be related to the DNA damages induced by oxidative stress, which provided solid information for the research and development of drugs for hydatid disease.


Impaired vasoactive release of opposing vasodilator and vasoconstrictor mediators due to endothelial dysfunction is integral to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the release of nitric oxide (NO) in bovine microvascular retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) under both static (basal and acetylcholine stimulated) and flow (laminar shear stress [10 dynes/cm2 and pulsatile flow 0.3 to 23 dynes/cm2) conditions using a laminar shear apparatus and an in vitro perfused transcapillary culture system. The activity and expression of eNOS, measured by nitrate levels and immunoblot, respectively, were determined following exposure of BRECs to varying concentrations of glucose and mannitol (0 to 25 mM). Under static conditions the expression of eNOS decreased significantly following exposure to increasing concentrations of glucose when compared to osmotic mannitol controls and was accompanied by a significant dose-dependent decrease in nitrate levels in conditioned medium. The acetylcholine stimulated increase in NO release (2.0 +/- 0.3-fold) was significantly reduced by 55% +/- 5% and 65% +/- 4.5% following exposure to 16 and 25 mM glucose, respectively, when compared to osmotic controls. In parallel studies, glucose significantly inhibited both laminar shear stress and pulsatile flow-induced activity when compared to mannitol. We conclude that hyperglycemia impairs agonist- and flow-dependent release of NO in retinal microvascular endothelial cells and may thus contribute to the vascular endothelial dysfunction and impaired autoregulation of diabetic retinopathy.


In this paper, we examine the effect of channel estimation errors on the performance of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems that employ code-division multiple-access (CDMA) transmission. Channel estimation based on training techniques has widely been considered throughout the literature. However, employing these training techniques in MIMO-CDMA systems degrades system performance due to multiuser interference. This degradation is clear as the diversity advantage of the MIMO system diminishes with the increased level of interference. As a remedy to this problem, we propose a channel-estimation and data-detection scheme based on the superimposed training technique for space-time spreading systems. The proposed scheme enhances the performance of the space-time system by eliminating the interference effect from both the channel and data estimates using two decorrelators: channel and data decorrelators. We investigate the performance of the proposed estimation technique considering an asynchronous CDMA uplink transmission over frequency-selective slow-fading channels. In particular, we analyze the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the multiuser system with two-transmit-antenna and V-receive-antenna configuration over Rayleigh fading channels. Compared with other conventional estimation techniques, our results show that the proposed estimation technique is more robust to channel-estimation errors. Furthermore, both simulations and analytical results indicate that full system diversity is achieved.


Image compression assumes a fundamental part in image handling field particularly when we need to send the image through a system. While imaging methods produce restrictive measures of information and preparing expansive information is computationally costly, information compression is crucial instrument for capacity and correspondence purposes. Numerous present compression strategies give a high compression rates however with impressive loss of image quality. This paper displays a methodology for image compression in spatial space utilizing an idea of data folding. data folding procedure has been connected on shading images with various size. A rowfolding is connected on the grayimage grid took after by a column folding iteratively till the image size diminishes to predefined esteem as indicated by the levels of folding and unfolding iteration) reconstruction the original image). While Data unfolding process connected in adores mode. Then using principal component analysis as a statistical technique concerned with elucidating the covariance structure of a set of variables and uses orthogonal transformation to convert that set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated and ordered variables called principal components. Method is tested on several standard test images and found that the quality of reconstructed image and compression ratio are ameliorated. The proposed Method is tried on a few standard test images and found that the nature of reproduced image and compression proportion are improved.


This treatment program adapts the principles of Dr. Foa's proven effective Prolonged Exposure Therapy for adolescents suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD.) The treatment program is based on the principles of prolonged exposure and emotional processing for use with those individuals who suffer from PTSD. In vivo and imaginal exposure comprise the core of the treatment, along with breathing retraining and techniques for monitoring progress. The treatment is presented in modules that can be individually tailored to fit the needs of each patient. Because many adolescent PTSD sufferers do not initiate therapy on their own, but are referred to therapy by social workers, parents, or other authority figures, their willingness to participate in their treatment can vary widely. The first element of this treatment, serves to assess the client's attitude, and increase motivation to change. Other modules introduce psychoeducation, real-life exposure, emotional processing, and relapse prevention. This companion workbook provides additional information, monitoring forms, and worksheets to help clients take control of their treatment.


University of Foreign Language Studies, University of Danang firstname.lastname@example.com Mobile phone ownership among university students in Vietnam has reached almost 100%, exceeding that of Internet-capable desktop computers. This has made them increasingly popular to allow learners to carry out learning activities outside of the classroom, but some studies have suggested that learners are not always willing to engage in activities outside of the classroom (Kim et al., 2013). Recent research has suggested that providing training to learners that includes not only how but also why activities are important can improve learner engagement in mobile-based activities (Stockwell & Hubbard, 2014). In this presentation, Vietnamese learners of English engaged in vocabulary and grammar tasks using the Quizlet app on their mobile phones outside of class time. Learners were provided with technical training in class, while ongoing strategic and pedagogical training were provided through a combination of in-class activities and interactions through a dedicated Facebook page over a 5-week period. Usage patterns of the site were recorded through a learning journal and interactions on the Facebook page were analysed to determine the nature of the discussions that took place. Learner attitudes towards the tasks and the training were examined through preand post-questionnaires and a focus group discussion. The results are discussed in terms of the problems encountered, and some suggestions for providing appropriate training to learning through mobile phones outside of class through social networking.


This paper outlines a radical version of phenomenal vehicle externalism dubbed "The Spread Mind" which suggests that both the content and the vehicles of phenomenal experience are identical to a process beginning in the environment and ending in the cortex. In seven conceptual steps, the Spread Mind outlines a counterintuitive yet logically possible hypothesis – namely that the physical underpinnings of consciousness may comprehend a part of the environment and thus may extend in space and time beyond the skin. If this view had any merit, consciousness would be situated in a strong sense.


Baas says in Handerson's History of Medicine 1 that "Specialism is per se an evidence of a civilization of high development: indeed, of one tending toward its downfall," and speaking of the division of medical labor in our larger cities, Handerson 2 says that "the dangers of running specialism to seed are very manifest." It might be possible to demonstrate historically that excessive specialism is the forerunner of medical decay, so that if in the present discussion I run counter to modern medical thought I may find justification for doing so in the ups and downs of medical progress throughout the ages. There is no necessity of my calling the attention of the members of this Section to the great importance of the ophthalmoscope as an aid to diagnosis. And yet, I fear that while it is so valuable to us and we accept its findings with such confidence we


ABSTRACT The number of interest organizations (density) varies across policy domains, political issues and economic sectors. This shapes the nature and outcomes of interest representation. In this contribution, we explain the density of interest organizations per economic sector in the European Union on the basis of political and economic institutional factors. Focusing on business interest representation, we show that economic institutions structure the 'supply' of interest organizations by affecting the number of potential constituents, the resources available for lobbying and the geographical level of collective action of businesses. In contrast, we do not find consistent evidence that political institutions produce 'demand' for interest organizations by making laws, developing public policy or spending money. This is in contrast to the extensive evidence that such factors affect lobbying practices. The European Union interest system is (partially) shaped by economic factors, relatively independent from public policy or institutions.


Acetone,butanol and ethanol have widely been used in many industries.butanol and ethanol have been recognize as potential biofuel.While acetone is important as fuel tracer in field of combustion and use as suspension agent in pharmaceutical preparation.In 1990s,the increasing price of sugarcane have increased the production cost of ABE fermentation and the only factor that causing ABE fermentation could not survive was due to the cost of raw materials of substrate By using POME as substrate for fermentation process of acetone,butanol and ethanol(ABE), production is at advantage due to its lower cost and readily available.This study is to determine the effect of concentration of substrate,modified glucose concentration on substrate and initial pH of substrate towards enhancing solvent production from palm oil mill effluent(POME) by Clostridium beijerinckii.The experiment has been carried out in a batch culture system.The study of substrate pH effect ranged from 4.7, 5.2, 5.7 to 6.2.Meanwhile, for study of substrate concentration ranged from 60%,70%,80%,90% to 100%. The study of modified substrate concentration effect were ranging from 20g/L,30g/L,40g/L,50g/L to 60g/L.The fermentation of POME which produced acetone,butanol and ethanol,was analysed using gas chromatography flame ionization detector(GC-FID)and isobutanol was used as the internal standard.The experiment was using one factor at one time (OFAT) method to determine the best range values.From the parameters stated,sedimented POME at 70% concentration with initial pH increased to 5.7 is most suitable for solvent production 70% with 1.025g/L solvent produced.While 50g/L is the optimal concentration of modified glucose that enhanced the solvent production with supported by operating temperature at 37°c and 150rpm which 1.241g/L solvent produced.Apart from that,growth cell at pH5.7 maximize the solvent production where 0.967g/L solvent produced.In addition,DNS test for glucose consumption of all parameters studies can be conclude that higher glucose consumption resulted in higher amount of total solvent produced.The results obtained from these experiments showed that POME could be a viable media for ABE fermentation.


The role of the static Kohn-Sham (KS) response function describing the response of the electron density to a change of the local KS potential is discussed in both the theory of the optimized effective potential (OEP) and the so-called inverse Kohn-Sham problem involving the task to find the local KS potential for a given electron density. In a general discussion of the integral equation to be solved in both cases, it is argued that a unique solution of this equation can be found even in case of finite atomic orbital basis sets. It is shown how a matrix representation of the response function can be obtained if the exchange-correlation potential is expanded in terms of a Schmidt-orthogonalized basis comprising orbitals products of occupied and virtual orbitals. The viability of this approach in both OEP theory and the inverse KS problem is illustrated by numerical examples.


A group of eminent scientists, including the late physicist Stephen Hawking, notoriously claimed that: "Success in creating artificial intelligence (AI) would be the biggest event in human history. Unfortunately, it might also be the last" (Hawkings et al., 2014).


Making use of a new generalized ansatz, we present a new generalized extended F-expansion method for constructing the exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations in a unified way. Applying the generalized method with the aid of Maple, we consider the (2+1)-dimentional breaking soliton equation. As a result, we successfully obtain some new and more general solutions including Jacobi elliptic function solutions, soliton-like solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and so on. As an illustrative sample, the properties of some soliton solutions for the breaking soliton equation are shown by some figures. Our method can also be applied to other partial differential equations.


Labor is one of the major events in every woman's life. Most Women need some form of pain alleviation in ease of pain during labor .According to complementary Therapies, touch and message is an ancient method of reduced pain perception. They can be viewed as promoting the release of endorphins, blocking the pain perception to the brain, Dilating the cervix and increasing the efficiency of contraction. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of touch and massage in pain perception during the first stage of among prim parturient mothers in selected maternity hospitals, Nagercoil, 2008-2009. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of touch and massage in pain perception. The study was conducted by adapting a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design. Fifty primiparturient mothers who have fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. In the study group, touch and massage was given in the shoulder, back and foot. Pre and posttest level of pain was obtained using a modified combined numerical categorical scale. In control group without any intervention, the pre and posttest level of pain was obtained. The study reveals that the mother in the study group showed a highly significant decrease in the level of pain perception at p<0.001 level, When compared with control group. Administration of touch and massage in the shoulder, back and foot to prim parturient Mothers reduce the pain. Therefore touch and massage can be used as a safe and effective method of reduced pain perception which will help in reducing perception of pain.


Effects of alkalosis (pH 7.4) or acidosis (pH 6.8) on the intrinsic mechanical properties of control and pressure-overloaded rat hearts were studied in Triton X-100-treated left ventricular fiber bundles. In control bundles, Ca sensitivity [pCa required for one-half maximal response (pCa50)] was 5.520 +/- 0.012 at pH 7.1. Alkalosis increased it by 0.357 +/- 0.018 pCa unit, whereas acidosis decreased it by 0.365 +/- 0.014 pCa unit with no change in Hill coefficient. Maximal tension was decreased by acidic pH and increased by alkaline pH. Stiffness was measured by the response to quick length changes. Acidosis decreased maximal stiffness but increased the stiffness-to-force ratio, whereas alkalosis increased maximal stiffness but had no effect on stiffness-to-force ratio, suggesting that acidosis decreased the force generated per cross bridge. Alkalosis increased the time constant of tension recovery following a quick stretch from 10.6 +/- 0.66 to 17.45 +/- 1.83 ms, suggesting a decreased cross-bridge cycling rate. Pressure overload induced by thoracic aortic stenosis for 4-6 wk led to a 200% cardiac hypertrophy associated with a shift from fast to slow ventricular myosin. pCa50 of hypertrophied bundles was not different from control (5.541 +/- 0.012). Ca sensitivity was increased by 0.383 +/- 0.008 in alkaline medium and decreased by 0.325 +/- 0.009 in acidic medium. Stiffness-to-force ratio was decreased in acidic pH, and the time constant of tension recovery was increased from 31.0 +/- 0.4 to 34.9 +/- 0.25 ms by alkalosis. In hypertrophied bundles, maximal tension was decreased by acidic pH but not changed by alkalosis. These results show that in the small pH range of our study 1) pH changes have symmetrical effects on Ca sensitivity in both control and hypertrophied bundles, 2) a decrease or an increase in H+ concentration does not have symmetrical effects on the mechanics of the cross bridges, and 3) changes in the phenotype of contractile proteins induced by aortic stenosis do not influence Ca sensitivity, only moderately influence the response to pH changes, and mainly affect the cross-bridge cycling rate.


Many tourism destinations aim at expanding their market share of high spending visitors by shifting from quantity to quality. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the introduction of social distancing requiring hotspots and mass destinations to reduce their capacity. This paper proposes a two-step approach for identifying top spending European countries over time, distinguishing between leisure and business travelers. The methodology employs the Country Product Dummy index with a hierarchical clusterization, enriched by a convergence analysis. This approach overcomes general shortcomings of descriptive statistics and cluster analyses directly applied to raw expenditure data. The outcomes of this analysis provide a detailed picture of the European travelers' expenditure across time and geographical area. The identified top spending countries of leisure and business travelers can be targeted through ad-hoc marketing campaigns and specific packages for privileging quality tourism and planning economic recovery in the post-COVID-19 reopening phase, while shifting away from mass tourism.


BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS
When patients with breast cancer undergo radical mastectomy, seromas are often caused due to the large area of excised breast tissue and the resulting cavity that fills with blood and water. Therefore, strong adhesive elastic tape and large amounts of gauze are needed to compress the wound. Our clinical experience shows that repeatedly removing dressings during dressing changes significantly increases the risk of unexpected skin defects. However, the increased duration of hospital stays required for these patients with skin defects exposes them to high risk environments, which may result in nosocomial infections and even longer hospitalization durations.

PURPOSE
This project aimed to decrease the incidence of unexpected skin defects in patients after mastectomy to below 15%.

RESOLUTION
After a review of the literature, we implemented this project to: (1) build up a standard operating procedure for post-mastectomy wound compression; (2) use narrow girdles instead of strong adhesive elastic tape; (3) use soft elastic bandages to replace the single layer of gauze for wound compression; (4) use a skin examination form as a continuous monitoring tool. We expected that these measurements would effectively decrease the incidence of unexpected skin defects in post-mastectomy patients.

RESULTS
After implementing this project, the incidence of unexpected skin defects in post-mastectomy patients decreased from 100% to 13% and the time required by clinical nursing staff to perform wound dressing care decreased from 25 mins to 15 mins per care instance.

CONCLUSIONS
We hope that this project helps effectively improve postoperative wound care quality in post-mastectomy patients and decreases the time spent by clinical nursing staff on wound dressing care.


We have grown neodymium doped mixed apatite crystals, (SrxBa1- x)5(PO4)3F, Sr5(P1-xVxO4)3F, and Ba5(P1-xVxO4)3F, and spectroscopically studied them as potential gain media for a laser source for atmospheric water sensing operating at 944.11 nm. We conclude that an appropriate apatite host material for a 944.11 nm laser should be a mixture of Sr5(PO4)3F with a small fraction of Ba5(PO4)3F. The precise wavelength tuning around 944.11 nm can be accomplished by varying the host composition, temperature, and threshold population inversion. In apatite crystals of mixed composition, the amplified spontaneous emission loss at 1.06 micrometers is predicted to be significantly smaller than that in the end members.


Abstract : The objectives of this work were to calculate from first principles the work of adhesion associated with the steel-MnS and steel-Ti2CS interfaces and to examine with transmission electron microscopy void nucleation at particles of MnS and particles of Ti2CS in steel. The motivation for this work was the observation that gettering sulfur as Ti2CS rather than as MnS leads to doubling and even tripling of the fracture toughness of some ultra-high strength steels and that these improvements in toughness were believed to be due to particles of Ti2CS being much more resistant to void nucleation than particles of MnS. The results are as follows. Using the LKKR approach the bulk properties and surface energies of MnS and F.C.C. iron were calculated as was the interface energy of a MnS-steel interface. With these the results the work of adhesion for this interface was determined. The bulk properties of Ti2CS were determined but we were unable to obtain reasonable results for a Ti2CS-steel interface. The investigations of void nucleation at particles of MnS and Ti2CS in two different heats of an austenitic 0.07/30Ni steel were surprising. In this material it was found that voids were first nucleated at both inclusion types at strains as low as 0.20. It had been expected that voids would be first nucleated at the particles of MnS at these low strains but that voids would not be observed at the particles of Ti2CS until the strains had exceeded at least one.


B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford and D R Hose Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing (1999) 736pp, price: £35.00, ISBN: 0 7503 0368 9 This excellent text was first published in 1981 and was used by many students, trainees and professionals for many years until it went out of print. It was greatly missed from the bookshelves and it is good news that Institute of Physics Publishing have now published it as a revised, updated version. All the main subject areas of medical physics and bioengineering are covered and it provides a solid foundation for students and medical physics trainees studying physics and engineering in medicine. It is also very useful for older established professionals for revision and exploring new areas. The text is split into two parts: the background physics, electronics, anatomy and physiology (477 pages); and practical applications (241 pages). All chapters end with useful problems to solve and some, where appropriate, give relevant practical experiments. All have comprehensive references. The text is well backed up by good, understandable diagrams and equations. Some sections necessitate a mathematical approach, but this is presented in an easy to follow manner. Chapters 1-4 cover the mechanical aspects of the body and deal with bone, tissue, fluid mechanics, the senses and the biocompatibility of new technologies with tissue. Chapters 5 and 6 examine ionizing radiation, covering dose, exposure and radioisotopes, including a wide range of applications using isotopes in medicine. Chapter 7 gives a comprehensive ultrasound background and covers both the generation and interaction with biological materials. Chapter 8 covers non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, from radiowaves to ultraviolet radiation, although lasers are not included. Electrical safety and the current electrical regulations are discussed. Chapters 9 and 10 introduce physiological signals and their measurement from the body. Electrodes, transducers and amplifiers are covered, and applications such as evoked potentials. Chapters 11, 12, and 14 introduce imaging theory, analysis and processing. Nuclear medicine, impedance, ultrasound, x-ray and MRI imaging are covered. Chapter 13 covers useful background mathematics and statistics which is meant to underpin the whole book, but it is useful information anyway. The next eight chapters give the practical applications that have been covered in the first part of the book. Chapter 15 is about the practical aspects of hearing and audiometry. Chapter 16 covers the practical measurement of the main electrophysiological signals (EMG, ECG, and EEG). Chapter 17 covers respiration measurement and looks at some of the electronics involved. Several techniques to measure respiration are discussed. Chapter 18 covers both non-invasive and invasive physiological pressure measurements. Chapter 19 deals with measuring blood flow using several contrasting techniques from ultrasound to thermal dilution. Chapter 20 introduces a range of biomechanical measurements including load cells and gait analysis. Chapter 21 covers radiotherapy and looks at treatment planning, staff hazards and simulators. The final chapter looks at the concept of safety critical systems in medicine and gives several examples, e.g. implantable cardiac devices, heart valves and haemodialysis.


ABSTRACTIn recent years there has been an important debate regarding the revision of the notion of development in Ecuador and Bolivia, in the context of the political changes experienced in both the countries. Sumak Kawsay concept (Good Living) became the benchmark for a new way of understanding development, linked to the recovery of the role of indigenous groups and the connection of the socio-productive model with the territory and local cultures. However Sumak Kawsay had several approaches by different perspective, for example from the nearest to the ruling party in power to the indigenous intelligentsia, or also another critical with the government but no in indigenous terms. This paper presents an analysis of a series of texts that exemplify these three trends.


The general feeder switching problem is essentially combinatorial, i.e. suitable for analysis by heuristic search methods. An explicit search method is developed to identify feasible switching options under the constraint of a radial structure. Feeder overload, transformer overload, phase current over-unbalance, service restoration after faults, and maintenance are considered. The number of switching operations for resolution of these problems is an important factor for practical use. An explicit search structure is proposed. Based on this search structure heuristic rules and evaluation functions are exploited to quickly find a solution with relatively few switching operations and even balancing of system load. The method is efficient and reliable. A distribution system of the Taiwan Power Company is used to test the results. >


Adequate and efficient preparation for the Diagnostic Medical Physics ABR exam is key to successfully obtaining this important professional certification. Each part of the board exam presents its own difficulties: Part I: Determining what material to study and how to efficiently review it, most of which might have been learned a long time ago. Part II: Understanding how all types of imaging devices work, how their techniques affect images, and the doses delivered by them. Part III: Gaining crucial clinical experiences and being able to explain orally how they are performed and what they mean. All three require different skill sets and preparation, from memorizing vast amounts of material, to rapidly recognizing and solving calculations, to being able to easily and confidently respond to oral questions about all aspects of working in the clinic and why those clinical methods and procedures are performed that way. This symposium is not a comprehensive review of all required study material. Instead it focuses on the previously mentioned problems and required skill sets that are needed for each part of the board exam. Medical Physicists who have recently completed each of the different exam sections will share their experiences and preparation methods to help attendees best prepare for the challenges of each individual exam. In accordance with ABR exam security policy, no recalls or exam questions will be discussed.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. How to Prepare for Part 1 by determining study material 2. How to Prepare for Part 2 by learning to solve clinical calculations rapidly 3. How to Prepare for Part 3 by determining critical clinical experiences and learning how to answer questions orally.


Abstract This viewpoint paper uses two established classifications – March's distinction between exploration and exploitation and Andreasen's Domain Theory – to develop a classification matrix to map industrial challenges and design research topics. Exploration/exploitation and the organ, part and activity domains of Domain Theory are respectively the two dimensions of this classification matrix. Examples are given of the fit of design research and industrial innovation topics into each cell of this matrix, and the need for change in industrial emphasis towards exploration across the range of domains to meet current challenges is discussed. We show how design research covers all categories in the matrix, and argue that using a simple classification may assist the research community in explaining its activities to a wider world, and in organising and directing these activities. We conclude by making suggestions for topics for debate in the design research community.


In late 2007 NASA called for proposals to fund Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Studies. The goal was to generate concept studies for key future missions, which would be forwarded to the Astro2010 astrophysics decadal review committee for prioritization. Under the guidance and orchestration of the Primordial Polarization Program Definition Team, a NASA committee chartered to coordinate the activities of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) community, a CMB proposal aiming to represent the consensus of the entire community was submitted. A CMBPol Mission Concept Study grant was awarded in early 2008. Under the grant we reviewed the entire activities of the CMB community and proposed a path for the next decade. We also assessed the case and recommended a path for a future CMB polarization satellite. The grant funded three community-wide workshops that were held over the summer of 2008. The goal of the first workshop, held at Fermilab, was to discuss the theoretical foundation of inflation and its signature on the CMB, as well as the theoretical aspects of other polarimetric signatures observable at millimeter wavelengths. Volume 1141 of the American Institute of Physics conference proceedings summarizes the results of this workshop. The second workshop, held at Annapolis, Maryland, centered on expected systematic effects in polarimetric experiments and their potential mitigation. The third workshop, held at the NIST facility at Boulder, Colorado, focused on the technology requirements necessary to make incisive CMB polarization measurements and what was needed to advance the technology to the readiness level required for a start of a space-borne mission. The electronic proceedings presented here are the result of this third workshop. In preparing for the workshop the organizers assigned topical-editors for each technology topic. Each of them solicited white paper contributions from experts in their respective areas. The white papers were distributed to all participants prior to the workshop and were the basis for presentations and further discussions during the workshop. After the workshop the white papers were assembled to the summaries presented in these proceedings. The papers give the current technology state-of-the-art with some projections for further development in the future. They all represent the immense technological progress in our field. The prevailing opinion during the workshop was that from a technology aspect alone, the community is confident in its ability to begin a space mission in the next few years.


Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Part I: From Existence to Ethics: 1. The Phenomenological Theory of Being. 2. There is: Existence without Existents. 3. Time and the Other. 4. Martin Buber and the Theory of Knowledge. 5. Ethics as First Philosophy. 6. Substitution. Part II: Reading Writing, Revolution, or Aesthetics, Religion, Politics, Aesthetics: 7. Reality and its Shadow. 8. The Transcendence of Words. 9. The Servant and her Master. 10. The Other Proust: Religion. 11. God and Philosophy. 12. Revelation in the Jewish Tradition. 13. The Pact. 14. Prayer without Demand. Politics. 15. Ideology and Idealism. 16. Difficult Freedom. 17. Zionisms. 18. Ethics and Politics. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.


A study was carried out to screen high productive salinity tolerant lines from forty-three rice genotypes. The experiment was conducted in laboratory (at 5dS m−1 and 8dS m−1) as well as in field in three locations, Baruipur (non-saline area), Sagardeep (5 to 8dS m−1) and Hingalganj (5 to 9dS m−1). Entries like Bakulpriya, Lakshmikajal, Nangalmuda, Pankaj, Bhuri and Khaersal have shown salinity tolerance both in the laboratory and field level. Furthermore quality parameters like L/B ratio, hulling percentage, volume expansion, grain type, alkali spreading value, gelatinization temperature and protein content of these varieties showing salinity tolerance were assessed and result indicated very good prospect of these entries in salt affected soil. Management strategies were designed with Hoagland nutrient solution with different herbal seed treatments to cope up with salinity stress.


Quantum dots (QDs) can be incorporated into solid state photonic devices such as cavities or waveguides that enhance the light-matter interaction. A near unit efficiency light-matter interaction is essential for deterministic, scalable quantum information devices [1]. In this limit, a single photon input into the device will undergo a large rotation of the polarization of the light field due to the strong interaction with the QD. In the past preliminary results have indicated that a low quality-factor (Q∼290) pillar microcavity possesses a high s-factor and that the instantaneous interactions should be deterministic and with high fidelity [2].


Circadian dysfunction perturbs the female reproductive cycle. In particular, mice lacking the clock gene Bmal1 show severe infertility, implying that BMAL1 plays roles in ovulation and luteinization. Here, we examined temporal changes in clock gene expression in the ovary and oviduct before and during gonadotropin‐induced follicular growth, ovulation, and luteinization in sexually immature mice. While the oviduct did not show a drastic change in clock gene expression, Bmal1 expression in the ovary was higher than that in control mice during the period from 4 to 16 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Bmal1 expression reached a maximum at 16 hr after hCG administration, when follicle luteinization occurred. In an interesting manner, administration of hCG to ex vivo‐cultured oviduct triggered a shorter circadian period and inevitably resulted in phase advance. Together, our present data suggest that LH surge induces continuous expression of BMAL1 in the mouse ovary and modulates circadian phase in the mouse oviduct.


The paper presents results of research of gradient catastrophe development during phase change. It shows that classical methods of the function estimation theory do not fit well to study of gradient catastrophe problem. The paper presents results, indicating that embedding theorems do not allow to study a process of a catastrophe formation. In fact, the paper justifies Terence Tao's pessimism about a failure of modern mathematics to solve the Navier-Stokes problem. An alternative method is proposed for dealing with the gradient catastrophe by studying Fourier transformation for a function and selecting a function singularity through phase singularities of Fourier transformation for a given function. The analytic properties of the scattering amplitude are discussed in ${R^{3}}$, and a representation of the potential is obtained using the scattering amplitude. A uniform time estimation of the Cauchy problem solution for the Navier-Stokes equations is provided.Describes the loss of smoothness of classical solutions for the Navier-Stokes equations -Millennium Prize Problems.


Background: Filgotinib (FIL), an oral, potent, selective JAK-1 inhibitor, provided statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) signs and symptoms, physical function, radiographic progression, and quality of life in a comprehensive clinical program of 4 phase 3 (FINCH 1–4; NCT02889796, NCT02873936, NCT02886728, NCT03025308) and 3 phase 2 (DARWIN 1–3; NCT01668641, NCT01894516, NCT02065700) trials in patients (pts) with early and biologic-refractory RA.1–3 Objectives: To assess long-term safety of FIL. Methods: Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) from the FIL clinical program were integrated and presented for pts receiving FIL 200 mg or FIL 100 mg QD (including pts who transitioned to FIL from placebo [PBO], methotrexate [MTX], adalimumab [ADA], or another dose of FIL) as well as pts receiving PBO, MTX, and ADA across all 7 studies. Exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) per 100 patient-years (PY) were calculated for adverse events (AEs) of interest per treatment. Incidence was total number of pts with events, and PY exposure was time between first and last doses. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were centrally adjudicated by an independent committee. Results: Across the 7 trials, 4057 pts with RA (2227 pts FIL 200 mg; 1600 pts FIL 100 mg) received >1 dose of treatment for 5493 total PY of exposure (3079.2 PY FIL 200 mg; 1465.3 PY FIL 100 mg) (Table). EAIRs of serious AEs and TEAEs leading to death in pts receiving FIL were comparable to those for PBO, ADA, or MTX, with no dose-dependent effect (Figure 1). EAIR for herpes zoster (HZ), serious, and opportunistic infections are shown in Figure 2. EAIR for HZ were low overall, but numerically slightly higher for FIL relative to PBO, ADA, and similar to MTX. Serious infection EAIRs were comparable between pts receiving FIL 100 mg and ADA, and numerically slightly lower for FIL 200 mg and MTX. Rates of opportunistic infections (including active tuberculosis) were low overall; EAIR for FIL doses were comparable to placebo and numerically lower than ADA or MTX. Rates of MACE and VTE were numerically lower for FIL relative to PBO (Figure 1). Malignancies, including nonmelanoma skin cancer, were rare overall, and rates were low in pts receiving FIL (Figure 1). Conclusion: In this integrated analysis, FIL was well-tolerated, and no new safety concerns were identified. No clinically meaningful dose-dependent safety effects were observed. MACE and VTE were uncommon. Serious infections rates were low; HZ reactivation was infrequent. Safety results were consistent with selective JAK-1 inhibition and highlight the favourable safety and tolerability of FIL in patients with RA. References: [1]Genovese, et al. JAMA 2019;322(4):315–25. [2]Westhovens, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:998–1008. [3]Kavanaugh, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:1009–19. Disclosure of Interests: Mark C. Genovese Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Merck Serono, Galapagos, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, Inc., GSK, Novartis, Pfizer Inc., RPharm, Sanofi Genzyme, Consultant of: Abbvie, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Merck Serono, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, Inc., GSK, Novartis, RPharm, Sanofi Genzyme, Kevin Winthrop Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Pfizer Inc, Roche, UCB, Yoshiya Tanaka Grant/research support from: Asahi-kasei, Astellas, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Chugai, Takeda, Sanofi, Bristol-Myers, UCB, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Pfizer, and Ono, Consultant of: Abbvie, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Daiichi-Sankyo, Astellas, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AbbVie, YL Biologics, Bristol-Myers, Takeda, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Novartis, Eisai, Janssen, Sanofi, UCB, and Teijin, Tsutomu Takeuchi Grant/research support from: Eisai Co., Ltd, Astellas Pharma Inc., AbbVie GK, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, UCB Pharma, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Corp., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Consultant of: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Astellas Pharma Inc., Eli Lilly Japan KK, Speakers bureau: AbbVie GK, Eisai Co., Ltd, Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, AYUMI Pharmaceutical Corp., Eisai Co., Ltd, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Novartis Pharma K.K., Pfizer Japan Inc., Sanofi K.K., Dainippon Sumitomo Co., Ltd., Alan Kivitz Shareholder of: AbbVie, Amgen, Gilead, GSK, Pfizer Inc, Sanofi, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim,,Flexion, Genzyme, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Regeneron, Sanofi, SUN Pharma Advanced Research, UCB, Paid instructor for: Celgene, Genzyme, Horizon, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Celgene, Flexion, Genzyme, Horizon, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Inc, Regeneron, Sanofi, Franziska Matzkies Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Lei Ye Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Deyuan Jiang Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Ying Guo Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences, Inc., Beatrix Bartok Shareholder of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Employee of: Gilead Sciences Inc., Robin Besuyen Shareholder of: Galapagos, Employee of: Galapagos, Gerd Rudiger Burmester Consultant of: AbbVie Inc, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie Inc, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Roche, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma, Jacques-Eric Gottenberg Grant/research support from: BMS, Pfizer, Consultant of: BMS, Sanofi-Genzyme, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Eli Lilly and Co., Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, UCB


A 42-year-old man noted pain on the left side of his forehead and left ptosis. On examination, he showed conjunctival hyperemia, ptosis and miosis in the left side, as well as hyperesthesia in the first branch of left trigeminal nerve. An MRI of his brain showed a retension cyst in the left ethmoid sinus. There was neither abnormalities in the parasellar lesion nor in the neck. We diagnosed him with pericarotid syndrome rather than cluster headache or Raeder syndrome. Five cases who had paranasal sinus lesions as a cause of cluster headache or Raeder syndrome have been reported. More cases are needed to clarify the association of retension cyst in ethmoid sinus and pericarotid syndrome.


: The ultrastructure of blood capillary endotheliocytes of iliac lymph nodes during pregnancy was investigated in rats. It was found that changes in microcirculation during pregnancy are accompanied by the appearance of the adaptive changes at all levels of lymph node structural organization. They are: increased lumen of arterial and venous part of the capillaries, increased intermediate sinus volume, increased fenestration of both parts of capillaries, a sharp increase in the number of micropinocytous vesicles and activation of transendothelial channel formation.


The causes and pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are still not clearly understood. This study aims to prove the important role of rifaximin played in inflammatory reaction caused by abnormity of the intestinal mucosal immune system. Intestinal microflora can greatly promote and maintain the inflammatory reaction of IBD, therefore, antibiotics can be used to treat IBD. Rifaximin is a medicine usually used for local intestinal infection. Many clinical and basic studies have shown that both a single application of rifaximin and the joint application with other medicines could achieve a good efficacy. This paper studied the activation of Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor (PXR) in treating IBD with rifaximin and analyzed its efficacy in IBD when PXR was involved in the transport of medicine and metabolism. The results prove that rifaximin can not only serve as an anti-microbial drug, but can activate PXR and actually weaken the reaction of IBD. Thus it is safe to say that rifaximin has great potential in treating IBD.


In this study, we aimed to identify the curriculum ideologies of preservice teachers and the relationship between those and their conceptions of diversity and social justice. Data were obtained from the application of the inventory of curriculum ideologies to 231 participants and semi-structured interviews to a purposeful sample of participants in a Chilean university. Results showed that the Learner Centered Ideology was predominant and that a significant number of participants showed ideological eclecticism. Despite the focus on learning, some defend Scholar Academic and Social Efficiency arguments. Moreover, there is a gradual relationship between ideologies and conceptions of diversity and justice, varying from a marked coherence to total absence of relationship. Finally, implications for research and initial teacher education are discussed. TEACHER EDUCATION • CURRICULUM • IDEOLOGY • SOCIAL JUSTICE 738


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the perception of operation theatre educational environment using surgical theatre educational environmental measure.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from August 2015 to February 2016, and comprised surgical and allied trainees. The reliability of the surgical theatre educational environmental measure questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. The minimum score on the questionnaire was 40 and possible maximum score was 200. A score of at least 120 out of 200 was considered favourable. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS
Of the 103 participants who completed the questionnaire, 52(50.4%) were males and 51(49.5%) females. The results showed favourable operating theatre educational environment with the total score of 129. The overall reliability was calculated to be 0.97. Male residents perceived the educational environment more adequate than females (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The questionnaire was found to be an easy, reliable and practical tool for measuring the perception of operating theatre educational environment.


Summary.  Precise measurements of factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) activity are believed to be essential for clinical management in haemophilia, although discrepancies between factor levels and clinical severity have been recognized. Clot wave form analysis has demonstrated that different wave form patterns may be evident in severe haemophilia A patients with levels of FVIII activity <1 IU dL−1, and this might explain, in part, the phenotypic heterogeneity seen in these patients. In addition, the relatively new technique of computer‐assisted thrombelastography (TEG), in which coagulation is initiated by tissue factor, has revealed a considerable degree of variability in different patients in the presence FVIII levels, which are sufficient to normalize TEG parameters. In contrast, a global thrombin generation test (TGT) has been proposed as a sensitive and reliable method for assessing overall clotting function in haemophilia patients. Several studies have demonstrated a significant correlation between TGT and FVIII/FIX levels, and these measurements also appear to correlate with the clinical phenotype. The TGT may be very useful, therefore, for evaluating overall haemostasis in different clinical situations, although substantial inter‐assay and inter‐individual variations have been reported. Both the TEG and TGT have been found to be particularly helpful for monitoring haemostatic therapy with bypassing agents or conventional FVIII or FIX concentrates in patients with inhibitors. These global tests enable the selection of appropriate therapeutic agents in individual circumstances and offer the opportunity to tailor the most effective haemostatic treatment even during severe bleeding or major surgery.


Modified self‐consistent phonon theory when applied to the DNA double helix indicates the existence of fairly long‐lived states in which single interbase H bonds are disrupted. One can then postulate a number of situations in which particular disrupted H bonds can enhance particular proton exchange. In this paper we postulate a number of such partially open states for a B‐conformation GC base pair and calculate the probability of each of these states for a B‐conformation poly(dG) · poly(dC). We compare these probabilities to those probabilities needed to explain various observed proton exchange rates. We propose that, for a GC base pair in B conformation, there are two amino proton exchangeable states—a cytosine amino proton exchangeable state and a guanine amino proton exchangeable state; both require the disruption of only the corresponding inter base H bond. The imino proton exchange, however, requires the disruption of all three inter base H bonds and this defines a third open state. Our calculated probabilities for a GC base pair in these three states are in fair agreement with available experimental estimates from measurements of amino and imino proton exchange.


This paper presents a novel workflow for data-driven building reconstruction from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds. The method comprises building extraction, a detailed roof segmentation using region growing with adaptive thresholds, segment boundary creation, and a structural 3D building reconstruction approach using adaptive 2.5D Dual Contouring. First, a 2D-grid is overlain on the segmented point cloud. Second, in each grid cell 3D vertices of the building model are estimated from the corresponding LiDAR points. Then, the number of 3D vertices is reduced in a quad-tree collapsing procedure, and the remaining vertices are connected according to their adjacency in the grid. Roof segments are represented by a Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) and are connected to each other by common vertices or - at height discrepancies - by vertical walls. Resulting 3D building models show a very high accuracy and level of detail, including roof superstructures such as dormers. The workflow is tested and evaluated for two data sets, using the evaluation method and test data of the "ISPRS Test Project on Urban Classification and 3D Building Reconstruction" (Rottensteiner et al., 2012). Results show that the proposed method is comparable with the state of the art approaches, and outperforms them regarding undersegmentation and completeness of the scene reconstruction.


WILLIAM MALLINSON, Cyprus: Diplomatic History and the Clash of Theory in International Relations (London, New York. I.B. Tauris, 2010), Pp. 228, £56.00 clothThe author begins by stating that this book "uses the most recent diplomatic documents available on Cyprus to illustrate the latest state of the practice and theory of international relations." The documents are those "excavated" from the British National Archives, and published American documents." No books by Turkish authors are cited in the bibliography.The first two chapters are devoted to a critique of international relations theories, which are rejected in favor of the author's own "geo-historical approach," distinguished from "geo-politics," which "ignores the true ingredients of international relations: the human factor itself" (p. 7). "The basics for understanding relations are simple human characteristics" (p. 10), the vices and the virtues. After reviewing "the maelstrom of international relations theories" the author asserts that his own geo-historical approach "is the most detailed and simple way of understanding Cyprus" (p. 24).After two general background chapters on "Greece, Cyprus and the Politics of Geography" and on "Geohistory and the Greek Civil War" there are accounts of events in the history of Cyprus from 1950 to 1974 in which much is made of the British policy, in 1955, to involve Turkey in the Cyprus problem. In fact, by then the Turkish government had been alerted to the issue by persistent Turkish Cypriot lobbying, by nationalist student demonstrations in Turkey, and by the Turkish press.The 1960 Constitution, we are told, was "an extremist paradise . . . and bore little relation to the democratic principles of democratic rule" (p. 99). Since the Turkish Cypriots were alarmed by decades of Greek Cypriot enotist propaganda and very responsive to growing Turkish nationalism, it was hardly realistic, as is suggested in this study, to try to turn the Turkish Cypriots into a perpetual minority. This seems to have been realized by Greece and Turkey during their Zurich negotiations. There are other questionable assertions. Notably, Security Council Resolution 186 of 4 March 1964 is said to have occurred "to the irritation of Turkey"! It was very much more than that: its references to the "Government of Cyprus" opened the way to subsequent international recognition by all states, save Turkey, of the then purely Greek Cypriot government in power after the Turkish Cypriots had fled their offices. …


ABSTRACT In this article, we develop a contextual framing for the analysis of the social, economic and political transformations that have altered Latin American cities since the turn of the century, especially by displacing deprived households from the central city. We de-centre research on gentrification through the territorial and linguistic lens of Latin America, epitomising four simultaneously paradigmatic, but diverging and diverse gentrification scenarios. In such a comparativist account, emphasis is placed on: (i) the decisive role that public institutions play for gentrification in Latin America, especially with regard to the ferocity of new real estate markets; (ii) the symbolic violence that is required to re-appropriate architectural and cultural heritage; (iii) the vehemence of formalising urbanity in economies that are dominated by informal ways of producing, living and appropriating the city. Such debates conceptualise displacement and eviction from a perspective that is theoretically informed by the realities of Latin American cities.


Type 1 Diabetes is a complex disorder that is made more complex by the myriad of co-morbid conditions associated with it. Mauriac Syndrome is a well-known but nowadays uncommon condition that presents with growth retardation secondary to poor glycaemic control. Limited Joint Mobility is an often-missed association of diabetes. Its importance lies in the fact that it can cause significant impairment of fine movements in T1DM children. It also indicates poor glycaemic control over a long period of time and can be used as a surrogate marker for development of diabetic microvascular complications. Anaemia in T1DM is protean and can develop due to a combination of nutritional factors, chronic renal disease, coeliac disease and worm infestation. Management is etiological. Vitamin deficiencies are ubiquitous in T1DM and if left untreated, can lead to neurological, haematological and skeletal dysfunction. The best-known co-morbid conditions are the local site reactions clubbed together under the moniker lipodystrophies. These can be either atrophic or hypertrophic and are usually due to repeated injections at the same site, improper technique and needle re-use. Management is often difficult and they are best prevented by appropriate diabetes education and emphasis on proper injection techniques at the time of T1DM diagnosis, with periodic reinforcement. Amyloidosis is a little known condition that shares a lot of features in common with the lipodystrophies and often needs to be differentiated from lipohypertrophy. T1DM is a disease which is often associated with a poor quality of life and these co-morbid conditions also need to be treated for effective general and psychological well-being.


The purpose of this paper is to develop methods of evaluating the liquidity level for the banking sector by using a new indicator called structural liquidity. The paper carries out in detail mathematical conclusions about influence of CBR refinancing policy on the loro account and, as a consequence, on the structural liquidity. A model of determination of CBR changes in the money level supply necessary to reach the target interest rate of the Federal fund market is also proposed. The model includes the Kalman filter and offers target policy asymptotic estimates.


CD63, known as lysosome associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP-3), is a member of the tetraspanin integral membrane protein family. This protein plays many important roles in immuno-physiological functions. In this communication, we report the identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the channel catfish CD63 transcript. The complete nucleic acid sequence of channel catfish CD63 cDNA was comprised of 1159 nucleotides, including an open reading frame, which appears to encode a putative peptide of 237-amino-acid residues. Like other tetraspanin proteins, the channel catfish CD63 peptide can be divided into domains, including four transmembrane domains, three intracellular domains, and one of each small and large extracellular loops. The channel catfish CD63 peptide shares 52–55% identity among fish counterparts, but only 43–46% identity among mammalian counterparts. The characteristic Cys-Cys-Gly motif and four Cys residues in the large extracellular loop were conserved. The channel catfish CD63 transcript was detected by RT-PCR in spleen, anterior kidney, liver, intestine, skin and gill. This result provides important information for further elucidating CD63 functions in


Three types of sequence variations—single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (indels), and short tandem repeats (STRs)—have been extensively reported in mammalian genomes. In this study, we discovered a novel type of sequence variation, i.e., multiple-nucleotide length polymorphisms (MNLPs) in bovine UCN3 (Urocortin 3) and its receptor CRHR2 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2) genes. Both MNLPs featured involvement of multiple-nucleotide length polymorphisms (5–18 bases), low sequence identity, and 1.7- to 11-fold changes in promoter activity between two alleles. Therefore, this novel genetic complexity would contribute significantly to the evolutionary, functional, and phenotypic complexity of genomes within or among species.


Whereas biological materials were once transferred freely, there has been a marked shift in the formalisation of exchanges involving these materials, primarily through the use of Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs). This paper considers how risk aversion dominates MTA negotiations and the impact it may have on scientific progress. Risk aversion is often based on unwarranted fears of incurring liability through the use of a material or loss of control or missing out on commercialisation opportunities. Evidence to date has suggested that complexity tends to permeate even straightforward transactions despite extensive efforts to implement simple, standard MTAs. We argue that in most cases, MTAs need do little more than establish provenance, and any attempt to extend MTAs beyond this simple function constitutes stifling behaviour. Drawing on available examples of favourable practice, we point to a number of strategies that may usefully be employed to reduce risk-averse tendencies, including the promotion of simplicity, education of those engaged in the MTA process, and achieving a cultural shift in the way in which technology transfer office (TTO) success is measured in institutions employing MTAs.


Background: Diabetic foot problems are common throughout the world, resulting in major economic consequences for the patients, their families, and thesociety. Diabetic foot ulcers are largely preventable by identifying people at risk of ulceration throughexamination of the feet, education and frequent follow-up of these patients. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Diabetes mellitus foot syndrome (DMFS) amongst persons with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)attending University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Subjects, materials and methods: A total of 380 persons with T2DM were recruited for this study. Questionnaires were administered to the subjects to obtain socio-demographic and clinical information. Anthropometric measurements were taken, physical and neurological examination of both feet as well palpation of peripheral vessels and Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) determination were also carried out. Results: Out of the 230 study subjects, 61% were females while 39% were males.The mean age of the subjects with DMFS and controls were 56.31 and 50.83 years respectively (p=0.01). The mean duration of DM for study subjects and controls were 6.50 and 3.91years (p=0.01). The prevalence of DMFS in this study was 38.7%. Peripheral neuropathy was the most prevalent risk factor present in 57.8% of subjects with DMFS, followeAnkle–brachial pressure index d by calluses (42.6%). Conclusion: The prevalence of DMFS amongst persons with Type 2 DM appears to be high which (are)is in keeping with global trends of DM. Routine foot examination aimed at early identification of and modification of risk factors of DMFS is thus recommended.


ABSTRACT The incongruity between traditional research standards and the realities of "big data" raises novel ethical questions for political science researchers. Data's status as a commodity largely held by private companies only further confuses matters. Drawing on Max Weber, this article attempts to shift the current ethical discussion away from the individualistic concern for privacy toward the more collective framework of democratic values.


In any counselling unit twins are likely to appear and their research value lies in the fact that they may be discordant for a particular disease. A detailed history may then suggest why this is so. Identical twins discordant for Parkinsonism, for bronchial asthma, for chronic myeloid leukaemia, and for carcinoma of the breast (where both twins had Klinefelter's syndrome) have been recently encountered in the Nuffield Unit of Medical Genetics.


Covid-19 caught all of us off guard and its devastating impact of such a pandemic is being felt in all the sectors of the society. To prevent the spread of this highly life-threatening disease, the governments on all levels had imposed, inter alia, lockdown measures.  As a result of this, the schools, colleges, offices were shut and the air and road travel was very restricted in the country. The movement of the people was restricted and very few vehicles were on the road. Though the lockdown brought many difficulties for the people, but is a blessing in disguise. Due to people were remaining in homes and transportation was being minimal, there has been a significant improvement in the quality of environment and ecology. The urban environmental parameters like traffic noise emissions and noise indices, concentration of air pollutant was decreased considerably. The present work analyzes the environmental impact of lockdown in Berhampur city. The study reveals that the noise levels and noise pollution indices was decreased drastically. Also, the air pollution level was decreased considerably.


Sir, We question both the ethical and clinical justification for renal biopsies on normal pregnant women in the protocols of Strevens et al. (Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2003;110:825–836) and the propriety of the Journal's publication of their findings. The authors note that the women were informed there might be bleeding and haematomas, leading to transfusion, but do not indicate whether the subjects were told their anticipated frequency, severity and potential for other more serious complications. Recent texts list complication rates for gross bleeding at 3–10%, intrarenal and perinephric haematomas at 60% and hypotension at 1–2%. Haemoglobin falls by 1 g/dL in half of cases and even nephrectomy has been reported. Other adverse events include persistent arteriovenous fistulae, infection and death. The use of automated techniques combined with ultrasound may decrease risk, but only by about half, and the more recent literature must be scrutinised carefully as the biopsies surveyed may include transplanted kidneys that are easily palpable and safer to biopsy. We wonder whether the University ethics committee was provided with appropriate reviews of all these risks, or only given selective optimistic reports, and a single local individual's limited record. We also wonder whether consideration was given to halting the study when a patient did in fact bleed and require transfusions. Even if the risks were less than those stated above, this study would be unethical because it did not meet the requirement of 'equipoise', that is, that there be a balance between the risks and expected benefits of the different arms of the study. Failure of the normal controls to meet this requirement is evident even if one only considers the incomplete list of risks cited by the authors. We also question the biopsy of gravid hypertensives prepartum. Antenatal biopsies were performed 30 years ago, but clinicians rapidly realised that after gestational week 32 (now probably 30), biopsy does not affect management, producing too little acute and long term prognostic data to warrant puncture at a time when coagulation indices may change rapidly. The literature has emphasised, for decades now, that indications for prepartum renal biopsy be restricted to suspicion of certain treatable renal diseases, only to be performed remote from term. – 5 One of us (MDL) discussed the potential use of carefully supervised 'postpartum' biopsies in 1975 —when it was incorrectly believed their content might help counsel patients for subsequent pregnancies—but quickly concluded that even such use had little value. These facts dispute the authors' claim that inclusion of controls was necessary. They argue that if glomerular endotheliosis was present in this group's kidneys, the lesion would no longer be 'pathognomonic' and it would now be 'unethical to use renal biopsy for diagnostic purposes . . .f. Actually, the term used by most is 'characteristic', not 'pathognomonic'. Reports for over 25 years have documented minimal endotheliosis in patients who did not have hypertension and/or proteinuria. Proper interpretation of the Strevens et al.'s data still reveal 'characteristic' differences between the pre-eclamptics and controls, and there are virtually no indications to biopsy suspected pre-eclamptics, or anybody after week 30. We also question the propriety of the Journal's publishing these articles, and hope that the editors will re-examine them. If they find the protocols grossly unethical, the Journal should acknowledge its error. This would avoid the appearance of acquiescence in ethically impermissible research.


The Subjects of Public International Law in a Globalized World Today we are witnessing a fundamental shift in Public International Law (PIL) in which the number of actors increases dramatically and in which communication means power. The matrix of PIL is undergoing a major change. This change is not abrupt but has to be seen in the context of the shift away from the Westphalian model of PIL since 1945. Also, globalization is not a new phenomenon, although the current era of globalization, which was made possible due to the fall of the iron curtain and recent technological developments, raises the question how to describe the emerging international legal community in terms of international legal theory. As the importance of the role of the state as an actor of international law is reduced (albeit not to a degree that the state would lose its de facto primacy among the subjects of international law), other actors are gaining ground, in particular international organizations, transnational corporations, NGOs and individuals. Today the latter not only have rights under Public International Law but are also involved in the creation of new rules of international law.


Analytical solutions for the shape of both hanging and sitting droplets under the effects of gravity and surface tension are presented. The modeling also includes the action of molecular forces arising between the liquid and the substrate, which are responsible for the formation of a stable nanometric film in the region close to the droplet contact line. The shape of the droplet is completely described by an analytical solution that also accounts for the pancake-shaped droplets as a limiting case. We find expressions that relate microscopic and nanoscopic aspects, such as the strengths of the molecular forces and the thickness of the nanometric film, to macroscopic quantities, such as the cross-sectional area and the width of the droplet. We study the effect of gravity on the contact angle and find that for small droplets the contact angle follows a power law with the droplet's size. For sitting droplets we find that the there is an upper limit for the value of the gravity.


Rural community in Korea being changed to aging community, declining population and income loss by the industrialization and the urbanization. The weak class in rural is confronted with more poorly environment. So it is needed to check the quality of the weak class's house in rural. Basically proposes of this paper is to find ways about rural housing improving and the vitality of rural community. This paper contents rural housing problems through the paper review and house repair characteristics for the weak class. Data for statics analysis were obtained from house repair support program for the weak class in Jeonnam province from 2011 to 2012. The results of this paper are as follow: First, house repair items ranking for the weak class in rural was insulation & heating, toilet, structure, indoor environment, electricity, outside and kitchen & waterproof. This result was reflected that weak class's energy bills is high ratio compared with income. Second, health facilities were improved for the socially disadvantaged's convenience in considering that most of weak class is a senior. Last, most of houses for weak class in rural are old clay wall and block wall. So these houses are reinforced the wall for structural safety.


The following report is a summary of work conducted to evaluate the ability of existing correlative techniques and alternative methods to accurately estimate impeller speed and power requirements for mechanical mixers proposed for use in a mixing and sampling facility (MSF). The proposed facility would accept high level waste sludges from Hanford double-shell tanks and feed uniformly mixed high level waste to the Waste Treatment Plant. Numerous methods are evaluated and discussed, and resulting recommendations provided.


This book explores multimedia applications that emerged from computer vision and machine learning technologies. These state-of-the-art applications include MPEG-7, interactive multimedia retrieval, multimodal fusion, annotation, and database re-ranking. The application-oriented approach maximizes reader understanding of this complex field. Established researchers explain the latest developments in multimedia database technology and offer a glimpse of future technologies. The authors emphasize the crucial role of innovation, inspiring users to develop new applications in multimedia technologies such as mobile media, large scale image and video databases, news video and film, forensic image databases and gesture databases. With a strong focus on industrial applications along with an overview of research topics, Multimedia Database Retrieval: Technology and Applications is an indispensable guide for computer scientists, engineers and practitioners involved in the development and use of multimedia systems. It also serves as a secondary text or reference for advanced-level students interested in multimedia technologies.


The production of aqueous ethanol from fermentation‐based biorefining operations suggests the availability and possibility for its use within the refinery to aid in separations prior to and after fermentation. A variety of uses that have been considered are described here. In general, these rely on biomass constituent solubility enhanced by ethanol concentration and temperature so that lipids, proteins, and lignin may be dissolved and recovered. Additionally, ethanol may be applied to remove water from solids, such as wet starch, wet gluten, and distillers' wet grains. This technology has been described in the past as 'extractive' or 'displacement' drying and replaces conventional solids dehydration (a unit operation) with solvent drying plus solvent regeneration (a system of unit operations). Materials as diverse as wood, peat, coal, and starch have been dried experimentally in this way. General criteria using best‐case assumptions for this replacement are developed here. Applied to ethanol, these suggest significant potential energy savings for a system that combines low‐load solvent drying with distillation. Distillation energy for regenerating ethanol solvent to 90%v or less and producing water is equivalent to a 3 to 4 effect evaporation of water when compared on a separation‐energy per unit‐of‐water‐removed basis. Material properties of the dehydrated substance may be enhanced since the solvent drying is at a lower temperature and leaves the matrix without structural collapse. The parameters for capital cost comparison are delineated with important considerations and economies identified that result from the use of low‐cost solvent and compatible technologies in the biorefinery setting. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Directive 2002/91 / EC as amended by 2010/31 / EU introduces procedures for energy certification aimed to determine, through the numerical indicators, the overall energy efficiency of the buildings, but notes the thermal and electric consumption. Often, the power consumption is incorrectly underestimated, this consumption would to be considered with great attention. In fact, compared to a committed capacity of less, compared to thermal plants, have times of utilization often far higher, leading to energy requirements to levels similar or even higher than those thermal, being the conversion factor of the electrical energy increasingly high. Leaving aside the procedural scheme energy certification, this article proposes a procedure, based on UNI EN 15193 and EN 15232 A possible to assess, through a numeric indicator of efficiency systems for electric lighting of the interior, they are kind of on / off equipped with systems for automatic adjustment dependent occupation of the premises or on the availability of daylight.


A tandem Madelung indole synthesis by the reaction of methyl benzoate and N-methyl-o-toluidine has been discovered. The combination of LiN(SiMe3)2 with CsF is the key factor, which secures the high efficiency of such tandem transformations. Simply combining methyl benzoate, N-methyl-o-toluidine LiN(SiMe3)2, and CsF generated a diverse array of N-methyl-2-phenylindoles (31 examples, 50-90% yields). Furthermore, the scalability and the poststructural modifications of this indole synthesis were demonstrated.


The Martian polar layered deposits probably record periodic variations in the deposition of dust and ice caused by climate changes over the past 10 to 100 million years. The polar layered deposits appear to be the source of dark, saltating material that has been distributed over the surface of Mars, but the mechanisms by which this material is incorporated and eroded from the layered deposits is unknown. These mechanisms must be understood before the processes that formed and modified the layered deposits can be inferred and related to Martian climate changes. In summary, weathering of the Martian layered deposits by sublimation of water ice may account for the geologic relationships observed in the Martian polar regions. The non-volatile components of the layered deposits appears to consist mainly of bright red dust, with small amounts of dark dust or sand. Alternatively, dark sand-sized basaltic particles may occasionally be transported onto the layered deposits, forming thin layers. Once eroded, particles of either type may saltate to form the dark dunes found in both polar regions.


Disulfide-rich macrocyclic peptides—cyclotides, for example— represent a promising class of molecules with potential therapeutic use. Despite their potential their efficient synthesis at large scale still represents a major challenge. Here we report new chemoenzymatic strategies using peptide ligase variants—inter alia, omniligase-1—for the efficient and scalable one-pot cyclization and folding of the native cyclotides MCoTI-II, kalata B1 and variants thereof, as well as of the q -defensin RTD-1. The synthesis of the kB1 variant T20K was successfully demonstrated at multi-gram scale. The existence of several ligation sites for each macrocycle makes this approach highly flexible and facilitates both the larger-scale manufacture and the engineering of bioactive, grafted cyclotide variants, therefore clearly offering a valuable and powerful extension of the existing toolbox of enzymes for peptide head-to-tail cyclization.