An essential resource for Bible studyComprehensive, easy to use, ingeniously devised, this one-of-a-kind reference makes it easy for anyone--families, students, researchers, and writers--to access the riches of the Bible. "Roget's Thesaurus of the Bible" uses Roget--s fundamental and brilliant category concept, which groups together all related subjects--similar and opposite--for quick and easy comparisons. Because the book is organized around concepts rather than specific words, it can be used with any version or translation of the Bible. More versatile and useful than any concordance, this innovative reference allows you to research by subject to find relevant Bible passages and by passage to find the appropriate category. You can also make fascinating discoveries simply by browsing through the book. "Roget's Thesaurus of the Bible" features: nearly one thousand main-subject categories--from "good" and "evil" to "change" and "permanence" -- each broken down into easily accessed subcategories; more than forty-three thousand chapter-and-verse Bible references, drawn from popular English translations and sorted by category; and a complete category listing and a comprehensive Bible index that matches Bible verses to subject categories.Over ten years in the making, "Roget's Thesaurus of the Bible" reflects a revolutionary concept in reference books. It is an essential resource for every home and library."Destined to become a standard in its field . . . highly recommended."-- "Library Journal"


Congenital and inherited ocular diseases are reported less frequently in the cat than the dog. The 2 species also differ in their array of disorders, with familiar canine abnormalities like cataracts overshadowed by unique feline diseases such as eyelid agenesis and corneal sequestration. Organized according to the primary ocular structure affected and commingling congenital and inherited disorders in each section, the review begins with multiple ocular anomalies and their impact on globe-orbit relationship. Adnexal disorders include eyelid agenesis, entropion, dermoid, and nictitans gland protrusion. Corneal abnormalities range from the routine sequestrum and PPM-related opacity to those rare infiltrates accompanying inborn errors of metabolism. Brief descriptions of uveal anomalies, primary glaucoma, cataracts, and lens luxations follow. Retinal dysplasia and progressive retinal atrophy complete the summary. Suspicions of heritability are often based on small numbers of animals in sporadic reports of ocular disease, but the Persian, Burmese, and Siamese are among the breeds repeatedly linked with one or more of these disorders.


Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: June 07, 2017 July 02, 2018 October 13, 2018 December 27, 2018 In this study, we investigated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the spinal cord using an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. MOG35-55 was injected into female mice to induce an autoimmune response. Clinical scoring and a behavioral rotarod test were conducted to assess the successful modeling of EAE. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, and 3 weeks after immunization. Spinal cords were prepared for morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Multifocal demyelination was observed in the white matter. Nrf2 immuno-reactivity was detected in astrocytes and neurons in spinal cord. Nrf2 immuno-reactive neurons and astrocytes had increased by 2 weeks after immunization, and their up-regulation was maintained until 3 weeks after immunization. Additionally, time-dependent up-regulation of Nrf2 in the spinal cord was investigated by western blotting. The level of NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 protein, an Nrf2 target gene, was not changed during week 1, but showed a significant decrease 2 and 3 weeks after immunization. Parallel to upregulated Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, another target gene of Nrf2, was significantly augmented until 3 weeks after immunization. We conclude that Nrf2 expression in neurons is involved in an autoimmune attack in the spinal cord in an EAE model.


In 2020, the world was plagued with COVID-19 which was first identified in Wuhan, China in November 2019. During the early phase of the pandemic with no known treatment and WHO-approved vaccines, most government and public health officials were pushing for non-pharmaceutical intervention in trying to curb the spread of COVID-19. One such intervention is the restriction on movement to reduce social mixing. However, the economic cost of locking down cities especially in developing countries is unbearable as most of these countries are running economies that were on life support before the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze the daily COVID-19 cases in Ghana to evaluate whether there was a significant change in transmission of COVID-19 after the partial lockdown of the two main cities (Kumasi and Accra) was lifted. The results showed that there was no increase in the transmissibility of COVID-19 after the partial lockdown was lifted. Contrary to the expectation that transmissibility will increase after lifting the partial lockdown, there was a reduction of the time-dependent reproduction ratio from 3.17 to 1.23.


In this work, a power law fluid model is used to examine the boundary layer flow and heat transfer characteristics over an unsteady horizontal stretching cylinder under the influence of convective boundary conditions. It is presumed that partial slip conditions exist and that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid is a function of temperature at the boundary. Through similarity transformation, the coupled partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then resolved in MATLAB with BVP4C. By contrasting the computed findings with the published results, the validity of the results is proven. The effects of different parameters on the temperature and velocity profiles are carefully looked at and analysed. As the Eckert number increases, the thermal boundary layer thickens. All of the physical factors that affect the local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient have been studied carefully and are shown in the tables.


BACKGROUND
Allied health (AH) clinical education provides future health professionals with the experiences necessary to develop the healthcare competencies required for success in their individual fields. There is limited information and consensus on the purposes of clinical education, including its definition and goals, and its comprehensive role in AH clinical training. This study explored whether consensus could be achieved in the definition, goals, and factors impacting AH clinical education.

METHODS
An expert panel consisting of 61 AH deans (54.9% of the population) whose institutions were 2013 members of the Association of Schools of Allied Health Professions (ASAHP) participated in a three-round Delphi study. From July 2013 to March 2014, the deans expressed opinions about clinical education and its purposes. Responses were collected, summarized, and refined, and responses were accepted and re-rated until agreement was achieved or the study concluded.

RESULTS
The hypothesis that AH deans would agree upon the definition and goals of clinical education was supported by this study's findings. Over 90% of deans "strongly agreed" or "agreed" on the definition of clinical education. A majority (90.2% to 92.7%) agreed with the goals.

CONCLUSION
High agreement was achieved on the purposes of clinical education, resulting in a comprehensive definition of and goals for AH clinical education. The definition and goals of clinical education can be added in the healthcare literature and used in support of AH education.


Concept drift is a known phenomenon in software data analytics. It refers to the changes in the data distribution over time. The performance of analytic and prediction models degrades due to the changes in the data over time. To improve prediction performance, most studies propose that the prediction model be updated when concept drift occurs. In this work, we investigate the existence of concept drift and its associated effects on software defect prediction performance. We adopt the strategy of an empirically proven method DDM (Drift Detection Method) and evaluate its statistical significance using the chi-square test with Yates continuity correction. The objective is to empirically determine the concept drift and to calibrate the base model accordingly. The empirical study indicates that the concept drift occurs in software defect datasets, and its existence subsequently degrades the performance of prediction models. Two types of concept drifts (gradual and sudden drifts) were identified using the chi-square test with Yates continuity correction in the software defect datasets studied. We suggest concept drift should be considered by software quality assurance teams when building prediction models.


The shallow sandy shores of the Curonian Spit (the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic) are regularly exposed to storm activity. The Spit foredune serves as a barrier to protect ecosystems and settlements from dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena. Consecutive number of storms resulted in intensive erosion of the foredunes as well as in breaking and flooding of the territories. Quantitative assessment of the beach-foredune system was carried out using terrestrial laser scanning technology. The evaluation included pre-storm measurements of the system condition, as well as a series of post-storm assessments in 2014–2016. This allowed us to obtain multi-temporal, highprecision digital models of the coastal topography for further morphodynamic analysis. The foredune experiences the worst slope erosion changes under the cumulative effects of several events. Prolonged exposure to strong winds of open points, wind surge and waves leads to erosion of the beach, losses in morphology and a shortage of sands. As a result, the dissipation of the wave energy decreases, which may cause erosion of the foredune in some upcoming storm events. This shows that the sequence and timing of various storm events play an important role in the variability of the entire system. The use of high-precision distance measurement tools allows to carry out accurate estimates of sand dynamics in the onshore systems. Such assessments provide information on the morphological response to repeated storm events, including variable exposure parameters for taking effective shore protection solutions.


In this paper, we propose a time-frequency domain reflectometry (TFDR) based measurement method for localizing concentric neutrals corrosion on live underground power cable. It consists of two inductive couplers which can transmit the reference signal into live underground power cable and measure the reflected signals from the impedance discontinuities of concentric neutrals corrosion. In order to compensate the dispersion of the measured reflected signal via inductive coupler, an equalizer based on Wiener filtering is designed. To improve the localizing performance of concentric neutrals corrosion in the vicinity of the measurement point, the reference signal is removed from the measured reflected signals. The localization performance of the proposed method is verified by the concentric neutrals corrosion localization experiment.


Chiral resolution of isoxanthohumol (IX) in beer samples was performed by hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The optimum running conditions were found to be 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 45 mM hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate with an effective voltage of +20 kV at 20 degrees C using direct detection at 210, 295, and 370 nm. IX was detected in 12 beer samples and the total levels of (+)- and (-)-IX ranged from 0.15 to 1.4 mg/L. But the amount of xanthohumol (XN) was below the detection limit (0.017 mg/L). Each level of (-)-IX was almost the same as that of (+)-IX, suggesting that IX was a racemic mixture in these beer samples. The racemization of IX in beer could be attributed to the production of a racemic mixture from XN during boiling and to the fact that IX enantiomers were easily interconverted.


A multiperipheral model, based on one-pion exchange dominance of low-momentum-transfer processes, is used to study the dynamical origin of the leading Regge trajectories which are coupled to the two: pion system. A Bethe-Salpeter technique.is used to calculate the leading singularities in the angular momentum plane from an input interaction • that is determined by the observed low energy pion-pion scattering amplitude plus the high energy contribution of the Pomeranchon. The solution results in a partial bootstrap system in which the parameters • • of the Pomeranchon are determined self-consistently. The output trajectories are found to correspond to what we conjecture are effective Regge trajectories, which in reality correspond to both Regge-pole and cut contributions The trajectories and coupling constants obtained seem to be in reasonable agreement with the values allowed by experiment


Background: A significant association between a more effective dyadic communication and lower perinatal psychological distress among women has been observed. However, longitudinal research examining the causal relations between these variables, in both women and their partners, is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional actor and partner effects between stress communication and depressive and anxiety symptoms during the transition to parenthood.
Methods: 105 couples completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Dyadic Coping Inventory, during the second trimester of pregnancy (T0) and at 6 weeks postpartum (T1). Repeated-measures MANOVAs and multiple linear regressions were performed.
Findings: Findings revealed that: (1) women's depressive symptoms at T1 were negatively predicted by men's own stress communication at T0 (p < .05), and positively predicted by men's perception of women's stress communication (p < .05); and (2) men's anxiety symptoms at T0 negatively predicted women's own stress communication at T1 (p < .05) as well as men's perception of women's stress communication (p < .05).
Discussion: Men's adequate expression of needs may act as a resource against women's postpartum psychological distress, but better women's stress communication (as perceived by men) may also be related to higher depressive symptoms, possibly due to men's inability in responding adequately to their needs. Moreover, men's previous psychological distress compromised subsequent stress communication in women. Considering the reciprocal influences within the dyad, improving stress communication in both members (and effective subsequent coping responses) should be considered.


Peptidase family U34 consists of enzymes with unclear catalytic mechanism, for instance, dipeptidase A from Lactobacillus helveticus. Using extensive sequence similarity searches, we infer that U34 family members are homologous to penicillin V acylases (PVA) and thus potentially adopt the N‐terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase fold. Comparative sequence and structural analysis reveals a cysteine as the catalytic nucleophile as well as other conserved residues important for catalysis. The PVA/U34 family is variable in sequence and exhibits great diversity in substrate specificity, to include enzymes such as choloyglycine hydrolases, acid ceramidases, isopenicillin N acyltransferases, and a subgroup of eukaryotic proteins with unclear function.


Absorbed doses of radiation were measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) using a skull phantom during simulated cinefluorographic and videofluorographic examination of velopharyngeal function in frontal and lateral projections. Dosages to the thyroid gland, the parotid gland, the pituitary gland, and ocular lens were measured. Radiation dosage was found to be approximately 10 times less for videofluoroscopy when compared with that of cinefluoroscopy. In addition, precautionary measures were found to reduce further the exposure of radiation-sensitive tissues. Head fixation and shielding resulted in dose reduction for both video- and cinefluoroscopy. Pulsing exposure for cinefluoroscopy also reduced the dosage.


Centenarians, or individuals who have lived more than a century, represent the ultimate model of successful longevity associated with decreased susceptibility to ageing-associated illness and chronic inflammation. The gut microbiota is considered to be a critical determinant of human health and longevity. Here we show that centenarians (average 107 yo) have a distinct gut microbiome enriched in microbes capable of generating unique secondary bile acids, including iso-, 3-oxo-, and isoallo-lithocholic acid (LCA), as compared to elderly (85-89 yo) and young (21-55 yo) controls. Among these bile acids, the biosynthetic pathway for isoalloLCA had not been described previously. By screening 68 bacterial isolates from a centenarian's faecal microbiota, we identified Parabacteroides merdae and Odoribacteraceae strains as effective producers of isoalloLCA. Furthermore, we generated and tested mutant strains of P. merdae to show that the enzymes 5α-reductase (5AR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSDH) were responsible for isoalloLCA production. This secondary bile acid derivative exerted the most potent antimicrobial effects among the tested bile acid compounds against gram-positive (but not gram-negative) multidrug-resistant pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. These findings suggest that specific bile acid metabolism may be involved in reducing the risk of pathobiont infection, thereby potentially contributing to longevity.


A photometric scanning method has been developed by the authors for high-accuracy identification of structural aberrations of chromosomes. By testing structural aberrations of gonosomes, the authors found that the scanning technique was highly suitable not only for band presentation, but also for complementary aberration assessment and, consequently, for genetic localisation and mapping of chromosomes in clinical practice.


This article discusses two little-studied reliefs on the north portal of San Leonardo at Siponto. Long noted as a site on the road to the important sanctuary of St. Michael on Monte Gargano, the north facade of the church contains some of the most celebrated sculpture of twelfth-century Apulia, which has traditionally been viewed in relation to pilgrimage. Through consideration of the cult of its titular saint, Leonard of Noblat—patron of prisoners, whose main shrine is located in the Limousin region of central France—I argue that the carved figures represent one of the saint's principal miracles, first recorded at the beginning of the twelfth century. Additionally, they provide insight into a significant and overlooked aspect of Leonard's cult and its gestation, explaining how a little-known saint purportedly born in sixth-century France became the focus of one of the most popular cults in twelfth-century Europe and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The interpretation proposed here participates in current scholarly discussions of sacred topography and the potentially "global" dimensions of medieval saints' cults, offering an understanding of the dynamics of the cult-body-image relationship. It demonstrates how the study of individuals' mobility can enrich our understanding of the devotion to saints beyond the geographically bound locations of the shrines that housed their bodies, and it shows the critical role images play in recording and revealing these processes. I investigate the ways in which facade imagery might simultaneously address varied audiences and carry multivalent meanings, potentially shaping practice and moderating social behavior. Finally, I show how sculpture could form part of a dynamic and complex relationship among miracles, performance, and votive offerings.


Physics
When cuprate superconductors, which can conduct electricity without resistance up to temperatures on the order of 150 K, were first discovered almost 25 years ago, it was expected that the explanation for their extraordinary properties was around the corner and would lead to even higher transition temperatures T c. Today this mechanism remains a mystery; however, most researchers agree that the so-called pseudogap region, which lies above T c but is characterized by a non-zero excitation gap that disappears at a higher temperature T *, is key to understanding the entire phase diagram. Along the doping axis, the pseudogap region borders an antiferromagnetic phase, the remnants of which can be detected by neutron scattering as a resonance centered around the corner of the Brillouin zone. Li et al. use polarized neutron scattering to detect another magnetic excitation that is present at all wave vectors and, surprisingly, has an integrated spectral weight an order of magnitude higher than that of the resonance. Because the studied compound, HgBa2CuO4+δ, is thought to be representative of the cuprates, and the new magnetic excitation appears at the same T * determined from prior transport and neutron diffraction measurements, it is tempting to interpret this result as a corroborating piece of evidence that a true phase transition, rather than a crossover, takes place at T *.

Nature 468 , 283 (2010).


Patients develop cystic fibrosis because of a variety of homozygous recessive mutations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and deletions, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene, or because of compound heterozygosity for two mutations in the CFTR gene. A false determination of homozygosity for a particular CFTR mutation could negatively affect both carrier screens for a patient's family as well as researchers' ability to study the physiological implications of a particular mutation. We argued previously that homozygosity for rare or novel mutations in the CFTR gene could result from a mutation on one allele and the presence of a large deletion encompassing the same sequence region on the second allele. We present here a patient with classic cystic fibrosis who has a novel microdeletion in exon 7 on one allele and a large deletion encompassing exon 7 on the second allele. These data highlight the need to prevent misdiagnosis of homozygous mutations, which can lead to misinterpretation of mutation penetrance and its effects on protein function.


Data systems often present examples and solicit labels from users to learn a target concept in supervised to semi-supervised learning. This selection of examples could be even done in an active fashion i.e., active learning. Current systems assume that users always provide correct labeling with potentially a fixed and small chance of mistake. In several settings, users may have to explore and learn about the underlying data to label examples correctly, particularly for complex target concepts and models. For example, to provide accurate labeling for a model of detecting noisy or abnormal values, users might need to investigate the underlying data to understand typical and clean values in the data. As users gradually learn about the target concept and data, they may revise their labeling strategies. Due to the significance and non-stationarity of errors in this setting, current systems may use incorrect labels and learn inaccurate models from the users. We report preliminary results for a user study over real-world datasets on modeling human learning during training the system and layout the next steps in this investigation.


Clinical skills learning is an integral part of undergraduate nursing programmes in United Kingdom nurse education. Faculty staff teach some elements of clinical skills, and some are taught by clinicians in practice. International evidence indicates that some students feel overly anxious when taught by faculty members but less so with their peers, meaning that peer-led clinical skills teaching and learning might reduce anxiety and facilitate the acquisition and retention of skills education.

 The objective of this systematic review was to explore the research relating to undergraduate student nurses' acquisition of skills within the simulation setting, particularly the associations between peer-led and lecturer-led learning.

 A systematic review of the literature was used to find all available evidence. A search of nine healthcare databases using Boolean and MeSH search terms including 'Peer-to-peer', 'Clinical Skill*', 'Simulat*', and 'Student Nurs*' was undertaken. Due to the heterogeneity of the research found, statistical meta-analysis was not possible, and so a narrative synthesis based on thematic analysis was conducted, which involved three-person research team critically appraising nine articles for inclusion in the review.

 Articles were located from worldwide sources.
 Three main themes in the findings were: psychological factors, motor skills, and educational issues. The use of peers can help to increase students' motor skills, improved the psychological impact of skills and learning, and offered students a chance to be active participants in their education.

 Having explored the literature, we conclude that peer-to-peer teaching and learning could have a place in undergraduate nursing education; however, it is not clear if student nurses' skills acquisition is more effective if mediated by peer- or lecturer-led teaching. Further research is required in this area to quantify and compare outcomes.


Abstract This paper aims to focus on the subject of N. Katherine Hayles's nonlinearity in Audrey Niffenegger's The Time Traveler's Wife as a postmodern work. Niffenegger published her debut novel, The Time Traveler's Wife in 2003. This novel is a romance and science fiction which narrates the love story of Henry DeTamble – a man with genetic disorder that forces him to time travel unwillingly – and his artist wife, Clare Anne Abshire – who has to deal with his absence and dangerous experiences. Since Henry is a time traveler and experiences life in a non-linear manner, the main question of this research is that to what extent the characteristic of nonlinearity shapes the personality and un-consciences of Henry and Clare in a society which has been defined with Newtonian/Cartesian or linear thinking. To answer this question, N. Katherine Hayles's Chaos theory can be applicable. Hayles considers nonlinearity as one of the most important and fundamental characteristics of chaotic systems. One of the findings of this research is the inapplicability of Newtonian thinking in post-modern literature.


Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein that is characteristic for astrocytes and neural stem cells, and their malignant analogues in glioma. Since the discovery of the protein 50 years ago, multiple alternative splice variants of the GFAP gene have been discovered, leading to different GFAP isoforms. In this review, we will describe GFAP isoform expression from gene to protein to network, taking the canonical isoforms GFAPα and the main alternative variant GFAPδ as the starting point. We will discuss the relevance of studying GFAP and its isoforms in disease, with a specific focus on diffuse gliomas.


At the heart of the biography of Guillaume de Machaut as currently understood there lies an inconsistency so great as almost to present a paradox, for it seems irreconcilable with the evident content of his surviving output of musical works. From 1338 until his death in 1377 Machaut possessed a canonry and prebend of the cathedral and metropolitan church of Our Lady of Reims. Conventionally it has been assumed that soon after his receipt of this benefice, and certainly by 1340, he had taken up residence within one of the prebendal mansions located in or near the precinct of the cathedral, and that he made this his permanent domicile for the remainder of his adult life – a period little short of forty years.


Acetol as one of the major constituent derived from biomass pyrolysis has shown high potential as feedstock to produce chemicals but remains challenging due to the unsatisfied productivity. We here developed a novel technology (Sn(IV)-Cu(II) system), achieving acetol transformation towards lactic acid (LaA) production with an unprecedented yield (91.8 C-mol%), the highest value among the state-of-the-art strategies. The results of experiment and DFT study revealed that [Cu(H2O)4]2+ and [Sn(OH)3(H2O)3]+ were the possible active species, which showed an outstanding synergetic effect. [Cu(H2O)4]2+ exhibited better ability for acetol activation, and gave more contribution to promote the dehydrogenation oxidation in the terminal carbon and hydroxyl of acetol yielding pyruvaldehyde (PRA). Subsequently, the combination of [Sn(OH)3(H2O)3]+ with PRA raised the electrophilicity capacity of terminal C in PRA, thereby facilitating the hydration reaction of PRA so that CH bond energy in the terminal carbon was sharply reduced. This greatly favored the next H-shift from the terminal carbon of hydrated-PRA to adjacent one, allowing LaA synthesis in high productivity. This work might give some important insights for designing new approach to meet the huge demand of LaA in the current market.


Existing state-of-the-art RGB-D salient object detection methods explore RGB-D data relying on a two-stream architecture, in which an independent subnetwork is required to process depth data. This inevitably incurs extra computational costs and memory consumption, and using depth data during testing may hinder the practical applications of RGB-D saliency detection. To tackle these two dilemmas, we propose a depth distiller (A2dele) to explore the way of using network prediction and attention as two bridges to transfer the depth knowledge from the depth stream to the RGB stream. First, by adaptively minimizing the differences between predictions generated from the depth stream and RGB stream, we realize the desired control of pixel-wise depth knowledge transferred to the RGB stream. Second, to transfer the localization knowledge to RGB features, we encourage consistencies between the dilated prediction of the depth stream and the attention map from the RGB stream. As a result, we achieve a lightweight architecture without use of depth data at test time by embedding our A2dele. Our extensive experimental evaluation on five benchmarks demonstrate that our RGB stream achieves state-of-the-art performance, which tremendously minimizes the model size by 76% and runs 12 times faster, compared with the best performing method. Furthermore, our A2dele can be applied to existing RGB-D networks to significantly improve their efficiency while maintaining performance (boosts FPS by nearly twice for DMRA and 3 times for CPFP).


The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is one of the most adaptable carnivorans, thriving in cities across the globe. Understanding movement patterns and habitat use by urban foxes will assist with their management to address wildlife conservation and public health concerns. Here we tracked five foxes across the suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. Three females had a core home range (50% kernel density estimate; KDE) averaging 37 ± 20 ha (range 22–60 ha) or a 95% KDE averaging 174 ± 130 ha (range 92–324 ha). One male had a core home range of 95 ha or a 95% KDE covering 352 ha. The other male covered an area of ~ 4 or ~ 6 times this: having a core home range of 371 ha or 95% KDE of 2,062 ha. All five foxes showed statistically significant avoidance of residential locations and significant preference for parkland. Bushland reserves, golf courses, and water reserves were especially preferred locations. Foxes moved quickest (i.e. commuting) when they were in close proximity to roads and slowest (i.e. foraging) when they were further from roads. We compare these findings with a review of the literature for urban fox home ranges. The movement patterns we describe are likely to be common for urban foxes, with half of the published home range estimates for urban foxes (principally based on VHF data) excluding data for 'lost' individuals or animals that showed 'excursions'. It is likely that the home range estimates for these urban exploiters have therefore been grossly underestimated to date. Further application of GPS trackers that allow remote download will vastly improve our understanding of the space use of urban foxes.


By combining exact diagonalization with scaling method, we show that it is possible to realize two-channel spin-½ Kondo (2CK) conductance in a quantum dot at Coulomb Blockade, with an odd number of electrons and with contacts in a pillar configuration, as an applied orthogonal magnetic field B is tuned at an appropriate level crossing.


When an adequate history was available one of us (DHK) subdivided patients with croup into two groups according to the prodromal illness. Those in group 1 had croup of sudden onset, either without prodromal coryza or, if present, of less than 24 hours' duration. Those in group 2 had had coryza for 24 hours or longer before the onset of croup. Because PF and mumps viruses are antigenically related we measured the antibodies in sera taken during the acute phase from 24 patients in hospital with croup to detect any differences between croup of sudden or gradual onset. PF1 had been isolated from the nasopharynx of all patients (14 in group 1 and 10 in group 2). Titres of neutralising antibody to PF1, 2, and 3 and mumps viruses were estimated in acute-phase sera2 before the patient's group was disclosed to the laboratory. The mean age in group 1 was 2-4 years (table) compared with 2 3 in group 2. Group 1 included eight boys and group 2 seven. Sera were taken a mean of 1-4 days after the onset of croup (not coryza) in both groups, but a mean of 1-4 days after the earliest signs in group 1 compared with 4-5 days in group 2. A prodrome was present for a mean of 3-1 days before the onset of croup in group 2. Neutralising antibodies to one or more of the viruses were present in all the patients in group 1 compared with five in group 2 (P< 0-01). Moreover, the geometric mean titre of total antibodies was 31 and 18-1 in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Antibodies to PF3 were present in 11 of the patients in group 1 and four in group 2; there was no appreciable difference in the prevalence of antibodies to the other viruses. The geometric mean titre to PF1 (the infecting virus), however; was 40 in group 1 compared with 10 in group 2. The geometric mean titres to the other viruses were not appreciably different between the groups.


The volume of Farsi information on the Internet has been increasing in recent years. However, most of this information is in the form of unstructured or semi-structured free text. For quick and accurate access to the vast knowledge contained in these texts, the information extraction methods are essential to generate knowledge bases. In recent years, relation extraction as a sub-task of information extraction has received much attention. While many of these systems were developed in English and other well-known languages, the systems for information extraction in Farsi have received less attention from researchers. In this systematic research for semi-automatic relation extraction, Persian Wikipedia articles were presented as reliable and semi-structured sources. In this system, the relation extraction is performed with the assistance of patterns that are automatically obtained with an approach based on distant supervised. In order to apply the distant supervised, the vast knowledge base of Wikidata has been used as a source in perfect synchronization with Wikipedia. The results show that the average precision value for all relations is 76.81%, which indicates an enhancement of precision compared to other methods in Farsi.


This paper presents a rapid bio-assessment method for assessing the ecological condition of streams and rivers in Namibia. The method uses the composition and abundance of aquatic invertebrates, which are identified in the field, mostly to family level. The method is based on the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5), which has been modified to account for additional tropical invertebrate taxa that occur in northern Namibia. The method was applied to the Zambezi River near Katima Mulilo and NASS results were found to fluctuate predictably with changes in water level. Training of Namibian personnel to apply the method, as part of the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme, is recommended.


The repair of peripheral facial paralysis is a long-term problem in neurosurgery, and nerve repair is often needed. Due to the high differentiation of nerve tissue and the slow regeneration of peripheral nerve fibers, the repair effect after peripheral nerve injury is not ideal. In recent years, studies have found that the inflammatory response after peripheral nerve injury also has an important impact on the repair of peripheral nerve defects. This study depends on the utilization of traditional needle therapy in the treatment of fringe facial loss of motion, and the clinical adequacy of needle therapy in addition to nerve fix in the intense period of fringe facial loss of motion was seen with an electron magnifying lens. Endeavor to give significant exploration results to the clinical treatment of fringe facial loss of motion gives a straightforward, simple, protected, and successful new treatment innovation for the clinical treatment of the infection and enriches the treatment plan for peripheral facial paralysis. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that 21 days after the artificial nerve was repaired, the nerve injury showed different degrees of recovery, and the myelin sheath was forming and gradually wrapping the new axons, which was similar to the catheter group (NC) and hydrogel group (HC). In contrast, the myelin layer of the fibroblast group (FHC) is more obvious, and the repair effect is better. In the maintenance of fringe nerve surrenders, irritation is an unavoidable interaction, and moderate needle therapy is useful to advance the maintenance of fringe nerve abandons. Talking about the law of nerve fix reaction in fringe nerve imperfection fix is helpful to the examination of fringe nerve deformity fix. Tests have shown that utilizing needle therapy and moxibustion joined with nerve fixes has accomplished great outcomes in the treatment of fringe facial loss of motion, and the patient's recuperation rate has expanded by over 30%.


Environmental stimuli experienced by the parental generation influence the phenotype of subsequent generations. The effects of these stimuli on the parental generation may be passed through the germline, but the mechanisms of this non-Mendelian type of inheritance are poorly known. Here we show that modulation of nutrient-sensing pathways in the parental generation of a nematode (Auanema freiburgensis) regulates phenotypic plasticity of its offspring. In response to pheromones, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and insulin signaling regulate stress resistance and sex determination across a generation. The effectors of these pathways are closely associated with the chromatin and their regulation affects the acetylation chromatin status in the germline. These results suggest that highly conserved metabolic sensors regulate phenotypic plasticity by changing the epigenetic status of the germline.


I have spent the majority of my career around nascent businesses as an entrepreneur or as a part of the ecosystem of service providers for entrepreneurs, and more recently, as an anthropologist studying entrepreneurs. I have started three tech companies and been a managing director at an organization designed to accelerate the growth of technology-focused businesses. These experiences mean I have been an entrepreneur, have helped entrepreneurs as a business coach, and understand the culture and values of entrepreneurship from an anthropological perspective. In order to discuss how anthropologists can use their skills to help entrepreneurs create and demonstrate value, first I will define entrepreneurship and the values of that culture.


The article describes the foundation of a competitive providers targeting on corporate learning markets. Moreover, the authors mention features and trends of competition between providers.


The Covid-19 pandemic arrived abruptly and had a negative impact on the various sectors of society, including the educational field. The objective of this study was to know the influence of Covid-19 on the socio-emotional aspect of school communities in a Brazilian capital. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. The study took place in June and July 2020. A total of 172 directors of municipal and state schools responded to an electronic questionnaire. Issues related to the socio-emotional conditions of students, teachers, coordinators and other members of the school community were addressed. The results were described by means of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study showed that, in the view of school directors, the Covid-19 pandemic strongly and negatively influenced the socio-emotional aspects of students, teachers, coordinators and other professionals belonging to the state and municipal school community of Fortaleza. The teachings of the present pandemic serve as an example for facing future public health emergencies, as in the case of the next pandemic "X". Mainly with regard to the formulation and implementation of consistent public policies for the school community, with special support for: mental and emotional health, health care and hygiene to face the pandemic, operationalization of digital information and communication technologies, developing communication and the network collaboration between schools, families and students, among others.


To the Editor.— The Aug 2 issue of JAMA emphasizes the dangers of nuclear war and lauds the political activism of the American medical profession, especially the Physicians for Social Responsibility, in trying to prevent nuclear war. Most disingenuous is the article noting the pledge taken by Soviet physicians to "struggle tirelessly for peace, and for the prevention of nuclear war." 1 The Soviet Union currently has between 12,000 and 15,000 nuclear warheads, actively trains all arms in nuclear, biologic, and chemical gear in anticipation of use of these weapons, and has had passive defense programs for the defense of the Nomenklatura (the Russian ruling class) in place for 30 years. At present, the Russians have 1,500 virtually impregnable command bunkers (the one under the Kremlin is a mile underground compared with the North American Air Defense Command in a Cheyenne [Wyo] mountain that is only 30 ft underground), which


Oncolytic adenoviruses offer a promising new treatment for cancers, especially those which respond poorly to current therapies such as cholangiocarcinoma. However, for clinical use, high selectivity to cancers is required. Thus, I constructed two EGFP-reporter gene expressing viruses, hTERTp-E1AWT-EGFP and E2Fp-E1AΔ24-EGFP to allow the comparison with an existing WTp-E1AΔ24-EGFP virus. These viruses were compared for their ability to infect and replicate in two cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, CCLP1 and CCSW1 cells.
Flow cytometry was used to monitor EGFP expression by the replicating viruses. In these experiments, the virus WTp-E1AΔ24 (virus B) reproducibly showed the greatest EGFP expression at equivalent multiplicity of infection. This replication efficacy was also confirmed in qPCR experiments measuring viral genome copy number. In cell viability assays, the hTERTp-E1AWT virus (virus A) was less potent than either E2Fp-E1AΔ24 (virus C) or WTp-E1AΔ24 (virus B), which had similar oncolytic potency.
I also compared the ability of replication-defective adenoviruses expressing EGFP and a range of alternative fibre proteins to infect the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Fibre proteins incorporating the knob domain from adenovirus type 3, or including the A20-RGD (arginine, glycine and aspartate)-containing peptide from foot and mouth disease virus, showed significantly improved infectivity. These data will assist in the development of improved oncolytic viruses for treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.


Social tagging on online portals has become a trend now. It has emerged as one of the best ways of associating metadata with web objects. With the increase in the kinds of web objects becoming available, collaborative tagging of such objects is also developing along new dimensions. This popularity has led to a vast literature on social tagging. In this survey paper, we would like to summarize different techniques employed to study various aspects of tagging. Broadly, we would discuss about properties of tag streams, tagging models, tag semantics, generating recommendations using tags, visualizations of tags, applications of tags and problems associated with tagging usage. We would discuss topics like why people tag, what influences the choice of tags, how to model the tagging process, kinds of tags, different power laws observed in tagging domain, how tags are created, how to choose the right tags for recommendation, etc. We conclude with thoughts on future work in the area.


Economic methodologists most often study the relations between models and reality while focusing on the issues of the model's epistemic relevance in terms of its relation to the 'real world' and representing the real world in a model. We complement the discussion by bringing the model's constructive mechanisms or self-implementing technologies in play. By this, we mean the elements of the economic model that are aimed at 'implementing' it by envisaging the ways to change the reality in order to bring it more in line with the model. We are thus concerned mainly not with the ways to change the model to 'fit' the reality, but rather with the model's own armature that is supposed to transform the world along theoretical lines. The case we study is Arrow–Debreu–McKenzie general equilibrium model. In particular, we show the following: gradient methods and stability could be regarded as constructive mechanisms of general equilibrium modeling in the context of market socialism debates; the obsession of general equilibrium theorists with these concepts can be partly explained by the fact that they hoped not to be faithful to reality, but rather to adjust it to fit the theoretical model; mechanism design theory initiated by the stability theorist Leonid Hurwicz could be seen as a successor of this position. We conclude by showing the relevance of this analysis for epistemic culture of much of contemporary economics and hence, claim that it is an important complement to the traditional philosophy of economic modeling.


Interactions between entities unknown to each other are inevitable in the ambient intelligence vision of service access anytime, anywhere. Trust management through a reputation mechanism to facilitate such interactions is recognized as a vital part of mobile ad hoc networks, which features lack of infrastructure, autonomy, mobility and resource scarcity of composing lightweight terminals. However, the design of a reputation mechanism is faced by challenges of how to enforce reputation information sharing and honest recommendation elicitation. In this paper, we present a reputation model, which incorporates two essential dimensions, time and context, along with mechanisms supporting reputation formation, evolution and propagation. By introducing the notion of recommendation reputation, our reputation mechanism shows effectiveness in distinguishing truth-telling and lying agents, obtaining true reputation of an agent, and ensuring reliability against attacks of defame and collusion.


Recently, there has been significant interest in the 6LoWPAN standard and its applicability to IoT. This paper is concerned with 6LoWPAN using unslotted CSMA-CA IEEE802.15.4 and compares two forwarding approaches described in RFC 6606 for 6LoWPAN routing, namely "route-over" and "mesh-under". It extends previous work by evaluating both approaches on a large testbed. Results were obtained for both for low-noise and noisy channels. The results show that, although performance is affected by multiple factors, including transmission power, network topology and channel noise, the use of route-over forwarding generally results in a more scalable and robust 6LoWPAN network.


Contemporary accounts of academic discourse increasingly stress the interactive nature of knowledge construction. The conception of science as an irrefutable, objective and reliable representation of Nature, not requiring human mediation, is now largely superseded. Consequently, for readers to bestow their ratification of propositions, writers have to show their deference to the discourse community, meticulously measuring the veracity of their claims, tapping the disciplinary heritage and displaying appropriate appraisal of their status as researchers. Equally, they must create bonds with their readers, explicitly addressing them as peers and interlocutors and appealing to disciplinary schemata.  Utilizing a slightly modified version of Hyland's (2005) typology of academic interaction, this study explores patterns of stance and engagement within the discipline of Environmental Sciences, The intra-disciplinary corpus comprises 16 Ph.D. theses written by Sudanese scholars, 8 of which representing Environmental Sustainability and the other half  Environmental Chemistry. Overall results indicate that pervasive interaction in Environmental Sciences is largely dictated by the discursive nature of the field as embodied in the high  densities of  evaluative and affective markers, though some categories such as the employment of the first pronoun were intentionally shunned. More significantly, statistically significant variations were found between the two subfields, with Environmental Sustainability deploying more intertextual ties, attitudinal  markers and alignment with readers. It is argued that the disciplinary synergy making up Environmental Sustainability is a contributing factor. On the other hand, the empirical nature of Environmental Chemistry is more manifest in the subtle subcategories of such features as hedging, citation and directives. This is balanced by  the more socially-oriented strands of the subfield that render Environmental Chemistry disciplinarily ambivalent. The implications for teaching academic discourse at the post-graduate scene in Sudan are discussed.


This article undertakes a dual task. The first is to argue that the various positions of major Marxist thinkers on revolution may be gathered under the common framework of kairós, understood as a resolutely temporal term relating to the critical time, the opportune moment that appears unexpectedly and must be seized. The second task is to question the nature of kairós in terms of its biblical, class and economic residues. An investigation of the use of the term in classical Greece reveals that it refers to both time and place, designating primarily what is in the right time and correct place. Given the class identifications of the Greek writers who deal with kairós and their subtle defences of their propertied, ruling class status, the term becomes problematic in light of these associations that trail behind it. In response, I seek to develop the political implications of the true opposite of kairós, namely ákairos, what is ill-timed and in the wrong place.


During the bipedal locomotion in the real world, the body will receive unpredictable forces depending on various factors. Because the biological system has an ability to change various dynamical properties of its own body, an appropriate control of those properties is important for the system to maintain the locomotion in the real world. Muscle-tone is one of important parameters to determine the properties of the body, such as the stiffness and the viscosity. To adapt unpredictable changes of the environment, controlling the muscle-tone seems to be one of useful ways. We show results of model simulations, indicating that flexible and robust bipedal locomotion can emerge from appropriate control of the muscle-tone depending on the ground reaction force. Thus, by determining the properties of body dynamics with adapting unpredictable environments using ground reaction forces, model could be adapted to various loads without needing an explicit posture control


The development of oral solid dosage forms, such as tablets that contain a high dose of drug(s), requires polymers and other additives to be incorporated at low levels as possible, to keep the final tablet weight low, and, correspondingly, the dosage form size small enough to be acceptable from a patient perspective. Additionally, a multi-step batch-based manufacturing process is usually required for production of solid dosage forms. This study presents the development and production, by twin-screw melt granulation technology, of a high-dose immediate-release fixed-dose combination (FDC) product of metformin hydrochloride (MET) and sitagliptin phosphate (SIT), with drug loads of 80% w/w and 6% w/w, respectively. For an 850/63 mg dose of MET/SIT, the final weight of the caplets was approximately 1063 mg compared with 1143 mg for the equivalent dose in Janumet®, the marketed product. Mixtures of the two drugs and polymers were melt-granulated at temperatures below the individual melting temperatures of MET and SIT (231.65 and 213.89°C, respectively) but above the glass transition temperature or melting temperature of the binder(s) used. By careful selection of binders, and processing conditions, direct compressed immediate-release caplets with desired product profiles were successfully produced. The melt granule formulations before compression showed good flow properties, were larger in particle size than individual starting API materials and were easily compressible. Melt granulation is a suitable platform for developing direct compressible high-dose immediate-release solid dosage forms of FDC products.


Aim. To evaluate the differences between a group of patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) during the study period and a group of patients not treated with UDCA by pseudo-randomization using Propensity Score Matching. Material and methods. 262 patients aged 60.1±8.9 years, taking statins for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications were included into a 6-month observational cohort study. The UDCA intake was recommended to all the patients due to the presence of liver and/or bile duct diseases. One part of the patients strictly followed medical recommendations and used UDCA, while the other part of the patients wasn't taking UDCA. This allowed comparing the effect of UDCA in these groups. Results. Propensity Score Matching method allowed forming two groups of patients of 52 people each with similar main clinical and demographic characteristics. A more significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (up to 4.0 mmol/L and 1.92 mmol/L, respectively; p<0.001) after 6 months was found in patients treated with lipid-lowering therapy in combination with UDCA as compared with patients without UDCA (up to 4.52 mmol/L and 2.6 mmol/L, respectively; p<0.05). No ALT, AST, CPK, LDH activity deterioration and no bilirubin serum level increase was found. Due to statin treatment the target levels of LDL-C by the end of the study were achieved in 31% of the patients of UDCA-group. Target levels of LDL-C were not achieved in any of the patients of the group without UDCA (p<0.001). There was demonstrated a high adherence to UDCA therapy. Conclusion. Combined therapy with statins and UDCA is effective and safe in patients with high cardiovascular risk and concomitant liver disease. Co-administration of statins with UDCA is promising in the treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with low tolerance to statins. However, additional controlled studies are required.


Benzothieno[60]fullerenes were synthesized using fullerenyl cations as key intermediates. The reaction proceeded through a nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom as a weak nucleophile to the fullerenyl cation electrophile. A monoarylated fullerene, (2-methylthiophenyl)hydro[60]fullerene, C60ArH (Ar = C6H4-SMe-2 and so on; four derivatives) was subjected to deprotonation with KO tBu to form a fullerenyl anion ArC60-, followed by oxidation using I2 to generate a fullerenyl cation ArC60+, leading to intramolecular demethylative cyclization via fullerene cation-S interaction to the product. Electrochemical and computational studies revealed slightly narrower band gap of this compound than usual fullerene derivatives because of the relatively high-lying HOMO of the fused thieno moiety.


6 years after a random hypertension screening of the initially recognized 355 persons 234 ones were after-examined. The measurement of blood pressure with a great expenditure of time proved to be the only secure method to establish the whole number of patients with hypertension, while the X-ray picture and the anamnesis questionnaire take into consideration only one part of the cases. The control examination after 6 years established that the number of the continuously treated patients with hypertension increased, that a decrease of the pressure was achieved in 44% of the cases of hypertension and that it was possible to reduce at the same time a part of the risk factors, particularly the consumption of nicotine. Untreated cases showed a tendency to the increase of blood pressure.


In this paper we propose a review of the literature in different databases (CINAHL, City, MEDLINE) to assess the importance of testicular cancer in adolescence and the crucial role of the nurse, namely the school nurse, in early detection of this disease. Having analyzed the issue and after becoming aware of the importance of teaching testicular self-examination practices correctly. It was concluded that the school nurse should not only develop a care activity, but that its functions should include the promotion of health and testicular cancer prevention. Within the educational process, and as a promotion for hygiene habits in teenagers, we argue, given the display characteristics of testicular neoplasia conducting workshops to instruct adolescents in testicular self-examination and the need for proper technique, to encourage the acquisition of habits of testicular self-examination like in women for early detection of breast disease


Sand‐sheet deposits of full‐glacial age in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada, contain syngenetic sand veins 1–21 cm wide and sometimes exceeding 9 m in height. Their tall and narrow, chimney‐like morphology differs from that of known syngenetic ice wedges and indicates an unusually close balance between the rate of sand‐sheet aggradation and the frequency of thermal‐contraction cracking. The sand sheets also contain rejuvenated (syngenetic) sand wedges that have grown upward from an erosion surface. By contrast, sand sheets of postglacial age contain few or sometimes no intraformational sand veins and wedges, suggesting that the climatic conditions were unfavourable for thermal‐contraction cracking. Beneath a postglacial sand sheet near Johnson Bay, sand wedges with unusually wide tops (≤3.9 m) extend down from a prominent erosion surface. The wedges grew vertically downward during deflation of the ground surface, and represent anti‐syngenetic wedges. The distribution of sand veins and wedges within the sand sheets indicates that the existence of continuous permafrost during sand‐sheet aggradation can be inferred confidently only during full‐glacial conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


feminization of American immigration or on the increasing dominance of refugees in current immigrant streams. None of this detracts from the excitement upon reading this book and excitement which stems from the realization that here one has reached the frontiers of knowledge on the subject of immigration, and that beyond this scholarship there is only uncharted intellectual territory. For this achievement, one is deeply indebted to the editor, the contributors and all the remembered and unremembered scholars on whose shoulders they stand.


A two-years-old male with toxopachyosteose diaphisaire tibioperoniere (Weismann-Netter syndrome) is presented. First observation of this syndrome in spanish publications. Basic signs of this syndrome: dwarfism with bilateral tibio-fibula incurvation and sclerosis, are remembered, as well as deafness like associated symptom. Radiologic signs to differentiate between others process, specially rickets and syphilis, with which it was for a long time confused, are remarked.


Host selective toxins (HSTs) are small molecule phytotoxins that control the pathogenicity of microbes in the host plant, but the mechanistic basis for their selectivity is unknown. We developed AcIle-EDA (Aclle-(+)-9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyldeca-trienoic acid) as a molecular probe of an HST, examined its mode of action in genetically modified Oryza sativa, and found it to trigger ROS production through NADPH-oxidase OsRBOHB, causing the emergence of pathogenic traits. This result strongly suggests that AcIle-EDA functions through the hijacking of the plant-microbe interaction system.


Trellis Code Modulation (TCM) has been widely used because it can obtain 2.55/spl sim/7.37 dB coding gain without bandwidth expansion or reduction of the effective information rates. Since Viterbi decoder plays an important role in the realization of HDTV system, we conduct the research and development on integration of Viterbi decoder. This paper proposes a new VLSI design of Viterbi decoder using ASIPs based on hardware/software co-design idea. It reduces the total design time and enhances the reliability of VLSI. We have successfully used this method for the design of Viterbi decoder in the ASTC-HDTV receiver chip.


The chemical composition of the lipophilic extracts of unripe pulp and peel of banana fruit 'Dwarf Cavendish' was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fatty acids, sterols, and steryl esters are the major families of lipophilic components present in banana tissues, followed by diacylglycerols, steryl glucosides, long chain fatty alcohols, and aromatic compounds. Fatty acids are more abundant in the banana pulp (29-90% of the total amount of lipophilic extract), with linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids as the major compounds of this family. In banana peel, sterols represent about 49-71% of the lipophilic extract with two triterpenic ketones (31-norcyclolaudenone and cycloeucalenone) as the major components. The detection of high amounts of steryl esters (469-24405 mg/kg) and diacylglycerols (119-878 mg/kg), mainly present in the banana peel extract, explains the increase in the abundance of fatty acids and sterols after alkaline hydrolysis. Several steryl glucosides were also found in significative amounts (273-888 mg/kg), particularly in banana pulp (888 mg/kg). The high content of sterols (and their derivatives) in the 'Dwarf Cavendish' fruit can open new strategies for the valorization of the banana residues as a potential source of high-value phytochemicals with nutraceutical and functional food additive applications.


We investigate the dynamics of quantum discord and entanglement for two central spin qubits coupled to an isotropic Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick bath. It is found that both quantum discord and entanglement have quite distinct behaviors with respect to the two different phases of the bath. In the case of the symmetry broken phase bath, quantum discord and entanglement can remain as constant. In the case of the symmetric phase bath, quantum discord and entanglement always periodically oscillate with time. The critical point of quantum phase transition of the bath can be revealed clearly by the distinct behaviors of quantum correlations. Furthermore, it is observed that quantum discord is significantly enhanced during the evolution while entanglement periodically vanishes.


The multilingual reality of migration in the 21st century has presented US schools and teacher education programs with pressing challenges: more and more P-12 educators have become de facto language teachers, asked to make their content and classrooms accessible and meaningful to newcomer students whose home language(s) and culture(s) differ from those in their new schools and communities. These challenges are exacerbated by climates of anti-immigrant rhetoric, xenophobia, and demographic shifts that impede or foreclose interaction between different racial, cultural and linguistic groups. This article addresses a number of questions arising from this situation: What is the role of second language teacher education in the preparation of mainstream teachers serving newcomer students and their families who never imagined themselves as language instructors? How might infusing the principles of intercultural citizenship and immigrant integration policy frameworks expand and enhance current linguistically and culturally focused teacher preparation approaches? This article presents a multi-year study with in-service teachers working in immigrant/refugee communities in a small state in the Northeastern US. Findings indicate some promising potential, yet a stronger, more explicit Intercultural Citizenship approach needs to be articulated and integrated much earlier in the program.


We hypothesize that the religiously orthodox, who are theologically communitarian/authoritarian in seeing individuals as subsumed by a larger community of believers and as subject to timeless divine law, are more likely to value obedience in children over autonomy than are theological modernists, who are theologically individualistic in seeing individuals, not a deity, as the ultimate arbiters of right and wrong. We hypothesize further that differences in moral cosmology (orthodoxy vs. modernism) within faith traditions are more important for the values adults seek to instile in children than are differences between traditions. Through analyses of national data from the 1998 General Social Survey, we find strong confirmation of both hypotheses. Moral cosmology is the single-most important factor in valuations of obedience and autonomy in children. While evangelical Protestants differ from Catholics, mainline Protestants, and those with no religion in their values for children, moral cosmology is associated with differences in values for children within each of the faith traditions, including evangelical Protestants. We conclude that intra-faith differences in moral cosmology are key in explaining values for children, but have not completely supplanted interfaith differences.


Foundry is one of the most energy intensive metallurgical industries. In Uganda, foundries are associated with large energy consumption necessitating the need to seek for ways to minimize their energy consumption. This study sought to establish the energy efficiency of the SMEs in Uganda with the view of devising means to reduce on their energy consumption. This was accomplished by studying the energy consumption trends in the industry using primary and secondary data obtained from a number of SME foundry operators in Uganda and basing on this data, energy efficiency and conservation measures have been devised. The major energy sources used in these foundries include used oil at a consumption rate of 72%, biomass (charcoal and firewood) at 21%, diesel at 6%, and electricity at 1%. The specific energy consumptions (SEC) of the firms studied range from 7.35 MJ/kg to 14.61 MJ/kg which is considerably on the higher side. The melting process consumes the biggest part of the total energy consumed, at 70% in the foundries. This necessitates the employment of more energy efficient melting technologies. Implementation of energy management programs in order to reduce energy requirements per unit of output is thus recommended. Different energy saving measures that can be employed in this sector were identified. Some of these can be implemented by adopting simple courses of action while others require high capital investment. It is thus recommended that these firms start by implementing the low cost solutions and progressively move to the capital intensive solutions.


Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) sludges developed in UASB system are used to treat various wastewaters. Methanogenic microbial consortia in UASB sludges convert organic compounds to methane under anaerobic conditions. Sludge granules are developed by self-granulation of microorganisms and dynamic balance between granule growth and decay results in coexistence of UASB sludges with different sizes in the reactor. In this study, UASB sludges taken from a laboratory-scale UASB reactor were classified into 4 groups based on their diameters and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Each group was analyzed for settling ability, specific methanogenic activity (SMA), and elemental content. Settling ability was proportional to diameter of UASB sludges, suggesting effective detainment of larger granular sludges in the reactor. When acetate or glucose was used as a substrate, all groups showed a relatively slight difference in SMA. However SMA with a volatile fatty acid mixture showed a significant increase with sludge diameter, suggesting better establishment of syntrophic relationship in larger granular sludges. Larger granular sludges showed a higher value of SMA upon environmental changes (i.e., pH, temperature, or toxicant concentration). Comparative analysis of elemental contents showed that content (dry weight %) of most tested elements (Fe, Ca, P, Zn, Ni, and Mn) decreased with sludge diameter, suggesting that the elements could be important for initial granulation. Taken together, this study verified experimentally that physicochemical properties of UASB sludges are related to UASB sludge size distributions. Overall results of physicochemical characterization supports that larger granular sludges are better applicable to UASB systems.


The integrity of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) has to be ensured throughout its entire life in accordance with the applicable regulations. Typically an assessment of the RPV against brittle failure needs to be conducted by taking into account all possible loading cases. One of the most severe loading cases, which can potentially occur during the operating time, is the loss-of-coolant accident, where cold water is injected into the RPV at operating conditions. High pressure in combination with a thermal shock of the ferritic pressure vessel wall caused by the injection of cold water leads to a considerable load at the belt-line area known as Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS).
 Usually the assessment against brittle failure is based on a deterministic fracture-mechanics analysis, in which common parameters like J-integral or stress intensity factor are employed to calculate the load path for an assumed (postulated) flaw during the PTS event. As an alternative to this standard approach a fracture mechanics assessments based on eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) approach can be performed.
 The most important input data for the fracture-mechanics analysis is the transient thermal-hydraulics (TH) load of the RPV during the emergency cooling. Such data can be calculated by analytical fluid-mixing codes verified on experiments, such as KWU-MIX, or by numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools after suitable validation. In KWU-MIX, which is the standard used for TH calculations within PTS analyses, rather conservative analytical models for the quantification of mixing and, depending on the water level, condensation processes in the downcomer (including simplified stripe and plume formations) are utilized. On the contrary, the numerical CFD tools can provide best-estimate results due to the possibility to consider more realistically the stripe and plume formations as well as the geometry of the RPV in detail.
 In a previous paper [1] results of standard and XFEM analyses of the RPV Gösgen 1 based on thermal-hydraulics input data from KWU-MIX were presented. This paper presents new results based on thermal-hydraulics input data from CFD. The new results are compared with those from [1] in order to show additional safety margins obtained by using thermal-hydraulics input data from CFD.


In Mewhort and Campbell's (1981) model of visual word recognition, a scan-parse mechanism transfer information from a character buffer to a short-term store and is largely responsible for the familiarity effects observed in tachistoscopic free recall. Although Mewhort and Campbell do not elaborate on the role of articulation in this task, they do suggest that the scan-parse mechanism acts prior to any involvement of articulatory processes (see Mewhort & Campbell, 1980). However, proponents of working memory (see Baddeley, 1986) are clear that articulation is necessary for the transfer of visual information to a phonological short-term store. In order to clarify the role of articulation in the parsing and retention of letter string, we asked subjects to undertake a tachistoscopic free-recall task, involving first- and fourth-order letter strings, with and without articulatory suppression and/or unattended speech. Unattended speech was observed to interfere with recall, but only when subjects were free to articulate the strings. This implies that subjects were retrieving information from the phonological store and that articulation is necessary for the registration of visual information in this store. The lack of interaction between order-of-approximation and suppression supports the view that the scan-parse mechanism acts independently of articulation. It appears, therefore, that letter strings are parsed at a stage preceding their transfer of the pharmacological store. Finally, the results indicate that subjects are able to draw directly on a representation of the parsed components of a letter string and may do so when phonological storage is difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


This study estimated family cohesiveness, expressiveness, and conflict in a primary care sample of alcoholics and non-alcoholics with and without a family history of alcoholism. Subjects completed the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule alcohol subscale, based on DSM-III criteria, and a family environment scale. Alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism (Alc+FH+) reported significantly less cohesion and expressiveness, and more conflict in their present families than did either non-alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism (Alc-FH+) or non-alcoholics with no family history of alcoholism (Alc-FH-). Non-alcoholics who grew up in alcoholic families (Alc-FH+) reported present family relationships similar to non-alcoholics with no family history of alcoholism (Alc-FH-). Results suggest a family history of alcoholism alone was not associated with differences in perceptions of present family relationships. The findings of this study raise questions about the general perception that individuals who grew up in alcoholic families experience more family dysfunction in adulthood. The presence of two factors together--family history and alcohol problems in the subject--produced the perception of family dysfunction.


This article is devoted to the attempt of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) to create a new fur trading empire in Eastern Siberia and Kamchatka during and after the Civil War (1919–1925). It was one of the most controversial and substantial attempts by a foreign company to do business in Soviet Russia, and therefore is a unique case study for understanding the relationship between the young USSR and foreign business. The Kamchatka expedition is often understood as a case of the HBC's naive and poor judgment of the political risks involved. However, this article argues for a broader understanding of the expedition, one that takes into account specific business strategies, geo-economic Arctic developments, and the historical conditions in which trade in the area had unfolded in the decades leading up to the First World War. Concerning the last point, American traders based in Nome and Alaska had successfully traded in the Kamchatka area and set up a system in which they provided supplies to native and Russian communities in the Far East in return for furs (either by barter or for legal tender). Importantly, the system made inhabitants of the area dependent upon these supplies. The HBC's endeavor in Kamchatka was an attempt to take over and continue these lucrative operations, but it also suited its expansionist business strategy elsewhere. From the early twentieth century, the HBC had been setting up new trade posts in the Canadian Arctic in a response to suffocating competition in mainland Canada. As such, the Kamchatka operation seemed like a logical extension of this expansionist strategy. In addition, doing business in the high north led private business to form specific expectations: state presence in the area was feeble, regardless of its political allegiance. The article, then, explores the fortunes of the company in Siberia. It shows that the company easily adapted to local conditions by successfully contracting local middlemen. It also shows that the difficulties of operating in the area were not only caused by underestimation of the political risks, but also because the company suffered from enormous logistical problems: it also had trouble adapting to the environmental circumstances, despite its experience in remote territories. The eventual restoration of territorial integrity initially brought about cooperation between the USSR and the HBC, illustrating that the USSR was aware of the pressing need to supply the area, even though such a policy was at odds with the state monopoly on trade. The cooperation ended with the withdrawal of the HBC, as it considered trade conditions too unpredictable.


This study discusses the use of a triple material gate (TMG) junctionless tunnel field-effect transistor (JLTFET) as a biosensor to identify different protein molecules. Among the plethora of existing types of biosensors, FET/TFET-based devices are fully compatible with conventional integrated circuits. JLTFETs are preferred over TFETs and JLFETs because of their ease of fabrication and superior biosensing performance. Biomolecules are trapped by cavities etched across the gates. An analytical mathematical model of a TMG asymmetrical hetero-dielectric JLTFET biosensor is derived here for the first time. The TCAD simulator is used to examine the performance of a dielectrically modulated label-free biosensor. The voltage and current sensitivity of the device and the effects of the cavity size, bioanalyte electric charge, fill factor, and location on the performance of the biosensor are also investigated. The relative current sensitivity of the biosensor is found to be about 1013. Besides showing an enhanced sensitivity compared with other FET- and TFET-based biosensors, the device proves itself convenient for low-power applications, thus opening up numerous directions for future research and applications.


The 2 subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), of worse or better prognosis, likely derive from pre-GC unmutated B cells, or post-GC mutated B cells, respectively. Different clinical behavior could relate to the ability of tumor cells to respond to surface (sIg)-mediated signals. Unmutated cases (U-CLL) have an increased ability to phosphorylate p72(Syk) in response to sIgM ligation compared to mutated cases (M-CLL). We now confirm and further investigate this differential signaling in a large cohort by [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization. Cases responding to sIgM ligation express higher levels of CD38, ZAP-70, and sIgM. However, CD38 does not influence signaling in vitro or associate with response in bimodal CD38-expressing cases. Similarly, ZAP-70 expression is not required for response in either U-CLL or M-CLL. Strikingly, partially or completely anergized sIgM responses from each subset can recover both sIgM expression and signal capacity spontaneously in vitro or following capping/endocytosis. This provides direct evidence for engagement of putative antigen in vivo. Signaling via sIgD differs markedly being almost universally positive in both U-CLL and M-CLL, with no association with CD38 or ZAP-70 expression. Downstream signaling pathways, therefore, appear intact in CLL, locating anergy to sIgM, mainly in M-CLL. Integration of differential isotype-specific effects mediated by (auto)antigen may determine tumor behavior.


Echolocation calls of emballonurid bats in a xerophilous savannah of the Colombian Caribbean. We describe and compare the echolocation calls in the search phase of six species of the family Emballonuridae: Saccopteryx bilineata, S. canescens, S. leptura, Peropteryx kappleri, P. macrotis and Rhynchonycteris naso, recorded in xerophilous savannah, northern Colombia. The calls were collected in the months of December 2012 (wet season), April and October 2013 (dry season), over five days in each visit, using a Pettersson D240X Electronik detector and a digital recorder; these were analyzed with SAS Lab Pro Avisoft software. The species were captured and recorded within a flight room, and calls were compared with records from wild animals. We analyzed 143 sound sequences. All species studied presented the highest energy in the second harmonic. S. bilineata y S. leptura alternated pulses of higher and lower frequency. P. macrotis echolocated at a higher frequency than did P. kappleri. Among the species studied, R. naso repeated its calls most frequently and also at the highest frequency than all other species recorded. This is the first research describing ultrasound calls produced by insectivorous bats from Colombian xerophilous savannah, one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Neotropics. In addition, it expands the description of the calls emitted by S. canescens in the search phase. Palabras clave: Colombia. Ecolocación. Frecuencia. Murciélagos. Sabana xerófila-semiseca.


Contractile and relaxing responses of the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis L. were observed after exposure to La+++. After 25 minutes in 5 mM La+++, contraction in response to acetylcholine, to KCl and to stimulation of intramuscular nerves is blocked, whereas contraction in response to direct current pulses is partially blocked and caffeine contraction is unaffected. Exposure to 5 mM La+++ for 3 hours does not block relaxation of catch tension in response to serotonin and dopamine but exposure to 5 mM La+++ in the presence of a depolarizing agent (acetylcholine or KCl) for a brief period (4 minutes) abolishes the relaxing response. The authors concluded that activation of contraction in the anterior byssus retractor muscle can be effected by Ca++ influx from the bathing medium and/or by release of Ca++ from interal sites, depending on the nature of the stimulation. The authors also concluded that the relaxing action of serotonin and dopamine depends neither on Ca++ influx nor on passive efflux of Ca++, but rather on Ca++ combining at an internal site or at sites on the cell membrane which are exposed when the muscle is depolarized.


The Bonneville Basin is a continental lacustrine system accommodating extensive microbial carbonate deposits corresponding to two distinct phases: the deep Lake Bonneville (30 000 to 11 500 14C bp) and the shallow Great Salt Lake (since 11 500 14C bp). A characterization of these microbial deposits and their associated sediments provides insights into their spatio‐temporal distribution patterns. The Bonneville phase preferentially displays vertical distribution of the microbial deposits resulting from high‐amplitude lake level variations. Due to the basin physiography, the microbial deposits were restricted to a narrow shoreline belt following Bonneville lake level variations. Carbonate production was more efficient during intervals of relative lake level stability as recorded by the formation of successive terraces. In contrast, the Great Salt Lake microbial deposits showed a great lateral distribution, linked to the modern flat bottom configuration. A low vertical distribution of the microbial deposits was the result of the shallow water depth combined with a low amplitude of lake level fluctuations. These younger microbial deposits display a higher diversity of fabrics and sizes. They are distributed along an extensive 'shore to lake' transect on a flat platform in relation to local and progressive accommodation space changes. Microbial deposits are temporally discontinuous throughout the lake history showing longer hiatuses during the Bonneville phase. The main parameters controlling the rate of carbonate production are related to the interaction between physical (kinetics of the mineral precipitation, lake water temperature and runoff), chemical (Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3− concentrations, Mg/Ca ratio, dilution and depletion) and/or biological (trophic) factors. The contrast in evolution of Lake Bonneville and Great Salt Lake microbial deposits during their lacustrine history leads to discussions on major chemical and climatic changes during this interval as well as the role of physiography. Furthermore, it provides novel insights into the composition, structure and formation of microbialite‐rich carbonate deposits under freshwater and hypersaline conditions.


The study investigated modern and traditional restaurants patronage among selected undergraduates residing in Tanke, Ilorin South Local Government Area, Kwara-State, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. There are 23,450 populations of undergraduates' residents in Tanke, Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents conveniently. Questionnaire was used to solicit information from the respondents. The findings revealed that the respondents agreed that modern restaurants observed hygienic practices better than traditional restaurants with the grand mean scores of 2.82 and 2.32. In addition, the grand mean score of modern and traditional restaurants reasons for patronage were 3.01 and 2.54 respectively. Conclusively, food is a basic necessity of life


Distributed sensing of gas-phase chemicals using highly sensitive and inexpensive sensors is of great interest for many defense and consumer applications. In this paper we present ppb-level detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a common simulant for sarin gas, with a ppt-level resolution using an improved capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) as a resonant chemical sensor. The improved CMUT operates at a higher resonant frequency of 47.7 MHz and offers an improved mass sensitivity of 48.8 zg/Hz/μm(2) by a factor of 2.7 compared to the previous CMUT sensors developed. A low-noise oscillator using the CMUT resonant sensor as the frequency-selective device was developed for real-time sensing, which exhibits an Allan deviation of 1.65 Hz (3σ) in the presence of a gas flow; this translates into a mass resolution of 80.5 zg/μm(2). The CMUT resonant sensor is functionalized with a 50-nm thick DKAP polymer developed at Sandia National Laboratory for dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) detection. To demonstrate ppb-level detection of the improved chemical sensor system, the sensor performance was tested at a certified lab (MIT Lincoln Laboratory), which is equipped with an experimental chemical setup that reliably and accurately delivers a wide range of low concentrations down to 10 ppb. We report a high volume sensitivity of 34.5 ± 0.79 pptv/Hz to DMMP and a good selectivity of the polymer to DMMP with respect to dodecane and 1-octanol.


Abstract Background: Hypothyroidism affects around 4.6% of the U.S. population1. Non-adherence with thyroid hormone replacement is one of the biggest challenges in treating hypothyroidism1. The half-life of T4 and T3 in hypothyroidism is about 7.5 and 1.4 days respectively2. A large dose once-weekly administration of levothyroxine (Lt4) is possible3, 4. Recent publications suggest that once-weekly Lt4 does not increase the risk of cardiovascular events and is well tolerated by most of patients4. Once weekly Lt4 produces similar results as daily Lt4 as evidenced by thyroid function tests3,4, and potentially improves patient compliance and satisfaction with the treatment4. Clinical Course: A 29-year-old female with a history of Hashimoto's hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, presented with irregular menses. Her symptoms included depression, fatigue, increased appetite. Her TSH was grossly elevated at 217 uIU/mL (0.27-4.20 uIU/mL). However upon re-visit, after increasing Lt4 to 100 mcg daily her TSH increased to 280 uIU/mL. She admitted to non-adherence with her daily Lt4 prescription. Physical exam was notable for sinus bradycardia and slow mentation, otherwise unremarkable. Blood count, basic metabolic panel and hemoglobin A1C were within normal limits. Liver function tests showed mild transaminitis, ALT 46 U/L (10-45 U/L). Lt4 was started at 875 mcg per week. At five weeks, her TSH was 6.31 uIU/mL and at seven weeks, the patient was euthyroid with a TSH of 2.53 uIU/mL. Her periods have since normalized. Conclusion: The current discourse on weekly dosing mainly focuses on its use for non-adherent patients. This case provides a clear time course also demonstrating rapid normalization of TSH using weekly dosing. Weekly Lt4 dosing as first-line therapy in noncompliant depressed patients with severe hypothyroidism should be considered. 1.Hepp, Z., Wyne, K., Manthena, S., Wang, S. and Gossain, V. (2018). Adherence to thyroid hormone replacement therapy: a retrospective, claims database analysis. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 34(9), pp.1673-1678.2.Colucci, P., Yue, C., Ducharme, M. and Benvenga, S. (2010). A Review of the Pharmacokinetics of Levothyroxine for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism. European Endocrinology, 9(1), p.40.3.Jayakumari, C., Nair, A., Puthiyaveettil Khadar, J., Das, D., Prasad, N., Jessy, S., Gopi, A. and Guruprasad, P. (2019). Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Thyroxine for Thyroxine-Resistant Hypothyroidism. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 3(12), pp.2184-2193.4.Rajput, R. and Pathak, V. (2017). The Effect of Daily versus Weekly Levothyroxine Replacement on Thyroid Function Test in Hypothyroid Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Haryana. European Thyroid Journal, 6(5), pp.250-254.


One of the safety requirements for the vehicle components is in terms of the flammability factor. Generally, the polymer material used for vehicle components is Unsaturated Polyester (UP). Unfortunately, this material is highly flammable. The addition of Aluminum Tri-Hydroxide (ATH) to UP is known to improve its flame retardancy, but its material strength is compromised. Moreover, the use of pristine Montmorillonite (MMT) rather than the commonly used organomodified MMT as a mixture to the ATH results in different material characteristics that could potentially minimise such a reduction of material strength. This manuscript discusses the combination of ATH and MMT in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites, specifically in terms of mechanical properties and flame retardancy. The increase of ATH content to UP decreases the flexural strength of GFRP, ranging from 34.3% to 63.4% lower than the neat GFRP. A slight increase of flexural strength is found in samples with ATH and MMT combinations (CA45M15), indicating that the addition of MMT does not dramatically change the flexural strength of GFRP. However, the addition of filler ATH, MMT, or a combination of both could increase the flame retardancy of GFRP. The addition of ATH leads to a slight increase of the UP initial temperature of decomposition, while the addition of MMT shows almost no notable differences. The flammability test shows that the additions of ATH, MMT or their combinations tend to decrease the rate of linear burning. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ATH and MMT could effectively improve the flame retardancy of GFRP.


Vinyl cyclopropane rearrangement (VCPR) has been utilised to synthesise a difluorinated cyclopentene stereospecifically and under mild thermal conditions. Difluorocyclopropanation chemistry afforded ethyl 3-(1'(2'2'-difluoro-3'-phenyl)cyclopropyl) propenoate as all four stereoisomers (18a, 18b, 22a, 22b) (all racemic). The trans-E isomer (18a), prepared in 70 % yield over three steps, underwent near quantitative VCPR to difluorocyclopentene 23 (99 %). Rearrangements were monitored by (19) F NMR (100-180 °C). While cis/trans cyclopropane stereoisomerisation was facile, favouring trans-isomers by a modest margin, no E/Z alkene isomerisation was observed even at higher temperatures. Neither cis nor trans Z-alkenoates underwent VCPR, even up to much higher temperatures (180 °C). The cis-cyclopropanes underwent [3,3]-rearrangement to afford benzocycloheptadiene species. The reaction stereospecificity was explored by using electronic structure calculations, and UB3LYP/6-31G* methodology allowed the energy barriers for cyclopropane stereoisomerisation, diastereoisomeric VCPR and [3,3]-rearrangement to be ranked in agreement with experiment.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the wind load on the Repeater Radio Frequency (RRF) antenna tower, the wind load is viewed from an angle of 0° to the towing cable to the largest angle on the two types of antenna towers, triangle and rectangular. Both types will produce different wind loads so that we can find out which load is the biggest from a combination of wind directions. The research method is by empirical analysis, calculating the wind load alone while other loads are not counted. As a result of wind loads, the tension cable and load direction correspond to each section and then the resultant values of force and direction will arise. And finally, the force is changed to lift and the anchor will hold the force. The results; The use of triangle antenna towers is more beneficial, especially the wind load that occurs is smaller, thus the construction costs are also smaller. The lifting power of a triangle antenna anchor tower is lighter around 1393.971N or 1.393971kN   than that of a square antenna anchor tower lift of around 1971.373N or 1.971373kN.


Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model in a harmonic potential displays quantum critical behavior at the boundaries of a Mott-insulating region. A local compressibility defined to characterize the Mott-insulating phase has a nontrivial critical exponent. Both the local compressibility and the variance of the local density show universality with respect to the confining potential. We determine a generic phase diagram, which allows the prediction of the phases to be observed in experiments with ultracold fermionic atoms trapped on optical lattices.


Three known enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A strains were mixed in various combinations with three nonenterotoxigenic strains and three lots of animal intestinal contents. They were grown as mixed cultures and tested for the presence of enterotoxin by the fluorescent antibody, reversed passive hemagglutination and immunodiffusion techniques. The fluorescent antibody and reversed passive hemagglutination tests detected enterotoxin in all 16 cultures prepared but the immunodiffusion test failed on two cultures. Attempts to reisolate the enterotoxigenic strains from the mixed cultures was successful in 12 cases when two of five isolated colonies were selected.


Since, linking of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) to ribosome inactivating protein gelonin (in oLH-gelonin conjugate) occur via the alpha-subunit, alpha oLH, an attempt has been made to develop a 'universal' hormonotoxin for selective targeting to specific cells in the gonads. Four different molar ratios of oLH and N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP) were used to activate the epsilon amino (phi-NH2) groups of alpha oLH. The alpha oLH-SPDP derivatives recombine to native beta subunit of oLH (beta oLH) and the purified recombinants retained substantial receptor binding, steroidogenic activity and immunoreactivity to native oLH. The disulfide linked alpha oLH-S-S-gelonin conjugates prepared by SPDP method were purified by gel filtration chromatography and analysed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). In order to obtain specificity and bioeffectivity, the alpha oLH-S-S-gelonin conjugates were allowed to recombine to native beta oLH and the recombination mixture was further purified by gel-filtration chromatography. The RP-HPLC analysis of these recombinants indicated that alpha oLH-S-S-gelonin did not recombine to beta oLH. The failure of recombination may be due to the reasons. (i) The site of epsilon-NH2 activation by SPDP may be different in the alpha oLH than the native oLH. (ii) The activation site may be in close proximity to the annealing site which facilitates the recombination of beta-subunit but failed to reassociate to alpha oLH-S-S-gelonin conjugate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials show promise in being the foundation for future spintronic technology. The magnetic behavior of Fe_2.7GeTe_2 (FGT), a vdW itinerant ferromagnet, was investigated before and after proton irradiation. Proton irradiation of the sample was carried out at a fluence of 1×10^18 cm^-2. The magnetization measurements revealed a small increase of saturation magnetization (M_s) of about 4% upon proton irradiation of the sample, in which, the magnetic field was applied parallel to the c-axis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for pristine and irradiated FGT revealed a general decrease in intensity after irradiation for Ge and Te and an increase in peak intensity of unavoidable surface iron oxide. Furthermore, no noticeable change in the Curie temperature (T_C =152 K) is observed in temperature dependent magnetization variation. This work signifies the importance of employing protons in tuning the magnetic properties of vdW materials.