This paper deals with an in-line network security processor (NSP) design that implements the Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) protocol processing for the 10 Gbps Ethernet. The 10 Gbps high speed data transfer, the IPSec processing including the crypto-operation, the database query, and IPSec header processing are integrated in the design. The in-line NSP is implemented using 65 nm CMOS technology and the layout area is 2.5 mm×3 mm with 360 million gates. A configurable crossbar data transfer skeleton implementing an iSLIP scheduling algorithm is proposed, which enables simultaneous data transfer between the heterogeneous multiple cores. There are, in addition, a high speed input/output data buffering mechanism and design of high performance hardware structures for modules, wherein the transfer efficiency and the resource utilization are maximized and the IPSec protocol processing achieves 10 Gbps line speed. A high speed and low power hardware look-up method is proposed, which effectively reduces the area and power dissipation. The post simulation results demonstrate that the design gives a peak throughput for the Authentication Header (AH) transport mode of 10.06 Gbps with the average test packet length of 512 bytes under the clock rate of 250 MHz, and power dissipation less than 1 W is obtained. An FPGA prototype is constructed to verify the function of the design. A test bench is being set up for performance and function verification.


The perivascular epithelioid clear cell tumor (PEComa) has been described in a number of locations, including the pancreas, uterus, bladder, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract. We report the existence of a similar tumor occurring in the distal common bile duct of a 51-year-old man admitted for obstructive jaundice. The tumor had characteristic histologic features of a PEComa, including a richly vascular organoid architecture, tumor cells with clear to lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, and variably prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for HMB-45 and neuron specific enolase but negative for epithelial markers, smooth muscle markers, other neuroendocrine markers, vimentin, melan-A, and S-100 protein. PEComas appear to be ubiquitous tumors with characteristic histology and immunophenotype. Although most of these tumors have behaved in a benign fashion, they should be considered tumors of uncertain malignant potential given previous reports of recurrence and metastases. During a short follow-up period following a conservative local excision, our patient remains free of disease.


Vocabularies, the core of any language, is probably the most challenging and time-consuming part of learning a foreign language in a diverse and disperse community of learners. This study proposes an approach that can help a learner build up his/her English vocabulary volume by intensive article reading, inclusion of Google Cloud Natural Language API, Glosbe Dictionary API and the use of computing technology, the review value calculation. The review value calculation was able to determine the number of days where the new words should be reviewed and be part of the long-term memory. Result shows that students were able to increase their vocabulary acquisition skills by applying technology and computing to their study routines. Students were able to retain words fast and understand better, by employing an interactive monitoring process. If the system will be implemented carefully, it will hypothetically produce a faster technique in acquiring new vocabularies for foreign students.


By compiling ordinary scientific applications programs with a radical technique called trace scheduling, we are generating code for a parallel machine that will run these programs faster than an equivalent sequential machine—we expect 10 to 30 times faster. Trace scheduling generates code for machines called Very Long Instruction Word architectures. In Very Long Instruction Word machines, many statically scheduled, tightly coupled, fine-grained operations execute in parallel within a single instruction stream. VLIWs are more parallel extensions of several current architectures. These current architectures have never cracked a fundamental barrier. The speedup they get from parallelism is never more than a factor of 2 to 3. Not that we couldn't build more parallel machines of this type; but until trace scheduling we didn't know how to generate code for them. Trace scheduling finds sufficient parallelism in ordinary code to justify thinking about a highly parallel VLIW. At Yale we are actually building one. Our machine, the ELI-512, has a horizontal instruction word of over 500 bits and will do 10 to 30 RISC-level operations per cycle [Patterson 82]. ELI stands for Enormously Longword Instructions; 512 is the size of the instruction word we hope to achieve. (The current design has a 1200-bit instruction word.) Once it became clear that we could actually compile code for a VLIW machine, some new questions appeared, and answers are presented in this paper. How do we put enough tests in each cycle without making the machine too big? How do we put enough memory references in each cycle without making the machine too slow?


By using a unique dataset, "the survey on non-standard experience and transition," in This Article, we examine the relation between the working conditions of non-standard workers and their transition to standard work. Especially, we focus on workers' experience; the changes in place of work as well as the changes in task assignment while they are employed as non-standard workers. We find, firstly, almost half of non-standard workers experienced a change in task or a change in workplace, that implies even non-standard workers are not pinned to a single task. Secondly, the non-standard workers who experienced multiple tasks and workplaces are more likely to search for the opportunities to transition to standard work. Thirdly, experience in multiple tasks, however, does not always enhance the transition to standard work; namely, the success rate is lower for those who experienced multiple tasks and workplaces than for those who experienced only single task and workplace. While experience in multiple tasks means continuity from non-standard work to standard work, such experience is not highly valued in the Japanese labor market. On the contrary, a single task and workplace assignment during non-standard work does not hinder workers' transition from non-standard work to permanent work.


Cell size determination is a critical part of sampling phytoplankton communities, as size is both a fundamental trait determining species' ecological niches and a quantity necessary for generating unbiased estimates of community composition. The sizes of algal cells span orders of magnitude, driving variation in growth parameters, sinking rates, herbivore defense, and biogeochemical roles. Size variation occurs at both intra- and interspecific levels. Many central questions in community and ecosystem ecology require estimating and comparing the relative abundances of species. Cell counts provide insufficient estimates, due to interspecific variation in cell size, as they over-estimate the importance of abundant, small species. While cell size (or biovolume) estimation has become standard practice in limnology, many older data sets lack this information, limiting their interpretation and utility. To address these challenges, and advance the study of freshwater phytoplankton communities, we have compiled a database of >260 000 algal biovolume estimates, spanning ∼400 genera and ∼1200 species. This represents the most extensive, standardized, and taxonomically diverse data set of its kind, drawing on both publicly and privately held sources. Estimates of the sizes of colonies or filaments are included, where applicable. With these data researchers will be able to account for intra- and interspecific variation in cell size, enabling new and improved analyses of classic data sets.


Aim: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with identification of humans based on lips traces. The aim of this study is to establish the uniqueness of lip prints which aids in personal identification. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of 200 subjects. The materials used were dark-colored lipstick, paper, cellophane tape, a brush, and a magnifying lens. Results: This study shows that lip prints are unique and permanent for each individual, and the lip prints among family members and between twins revealed different patterns on the whole with few similar grooves suggesting the existence of heredity in the lip prints. Conclusion: Our study showed that lip prints are unique to each individual and can be used for personal identification.


ABSTRACT In two studies we tested the hypothesis that observers can accurately distinguish between convicted criminals and matched controls, merely by scrutinizing facial photographs. Based on the Eudaimonic Activity Model, we further hypothesized that criminals and non-criminals differ in their apparent emotional positivity. Finally, based on honest signaling theory, we hypothesized that such emotionality differences can explain observers' ability to distinguish criminals and non-criminals. In Study 1 participants evaluated photos of people later convicted of crimes, and photos of matched controls. In Study 2 participants evaluated photos of Catholic priests later convicted of sexual offenses, and photos of the priests who replaced them at their parishes. All three hypotheses were supported. Furthermore, in Study 2, participants' own facial photos were rated by assistants. Consistent with honest signal theories, observer's facial positivity, as well as their self-rated positive affect, predicted their ability to perceive positive emotions in non-criminal faces.


"Published on the occasion of his collaborative ballet with choreographer Justin Peck and musician Bryce Dessner at the New York City Ballet, The Book of Ballet documents the genesis of all aspects of the project. The gem-like booklet begins with "The Most Incredible Thing," the Hans Christian Andersen story on which the ballet is based, and continues to present Dzama's costume designs. The images not only show final design decisions, but also chart the changes in costumes as the project unfolded, and the ways in which Dzama's conception of the characters in the ballet shifted over time. The book closes with a conversation between Dzama and Peck in which choreographer and artist discuss the nuances of their collaborative process, and the important role of renowned composer Dessner in bringing the project to life. Also included is a poster made specifically for this book by the artist."" -- Publisher's website.


In arid and semiarid environments, evapotranspiration (ET) is the primary discharge component in the water balance, with potential ET exceeding precipitation. For this reason, reliable estimates of ET are needed to construct accurate water budgets in these environments. Remote sensing affords the ability to provide fast, accurate, field‐scale ET estimates, but these methods have largely been restricted to deep rooted (phreatophytic) plant communities underlain by shallow groundwater. We used 13 years of data from a 3‐ha drainage lysimeter in a semiarid sagebrush steppe and Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to calibrate a generalized least squares model capable of predicting vadose zone ET in a high elevation upland ecosystem. Annual precipitation was the best predictor of annual ET, as they were nearly balanced every year analysed (mean difference = 3 mm). We incorporated reference crop ET and a linear combination of NDVI and precipitation to capably predict ET on a subannual, lag‐determined interval of 48 days, with a mean error of only 9.92% across all observations. To our knowledge, this is the first vegetation index‐ET algorithm calibrated in a semiarid upland plant community using field‐scale lysimetry. Vadose zone ET is particularly important at waste disposal sites in the Desert Southwest, where accurate and spatially explicit ET estimates are needed for monitoring potential mobilization and transport of contaminants past the root zone into local aquifers and for monitoring and modelling effects of recharge on flow and transport of contaminants in underlying aquifers.


Written for children reading at first and second grade levels, this readers theatre book uses Mother Goose rhymes as its basis, making it especially valuable to teachers and librarians working on building fluency skills in their beginning readers. The book offers plays based on well-known rhymes, complete with presentation and instructional follow up suggestions. The author also offers staging diagrams that enable teachers to use each script with entire classrooms of students, and he includes lists of further teaching resources for each play as well. Reading levels are based on accepted readability formulas. Several of the scripts feature simultaneous Spanish translations-a real plus for ELL programs. An introductory chapter discusses the educational value of using readers theatre with young readers and ELL students. Grades 1 and 2.


Summary

Invasive crayfish are widely acknowledged to have negative effects on benthic food webs in lakes, but few studies have investigated such effects at wider spatial scales and in varying habitats under natural conditions.

We examined the effects of introduced signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) on the macroinvertebrate assemblages of different habitats in two large boreal lakes. We evaluated whether the density, taxon richness and species composition are altered by the non-native crayfish and whether the responses are similar for stony and vegetated habitats and across a depth gradient. We also studied the influence of crayfish on periphyton biomass at stony sites, as a potential link to changes in macroinvertebrate communities.

In both lakes, macroinvertebrate density was similar between crayfish and non-crayfish sites across the habitats and depths studied. However, macroinvertebrate taxon richness was significantly lower, and community composition was altered in the presence of crayfish at stony sites. No similar pattern was detected at vegetated sites or in deeper sublittoral areas. The amount of periphyton was similar regardless of the presence of crayfish, and no clear direct or indirect crayfish–periphyton interaction was detected.

Our results suggest that introduced signal crayfish can have negative effects on the littoral macroinvertebrates of large boreal lakes, but that these effects are habitat specific. Our findings highlight how the evaluation of possible effects of invasive species needs to be carried out comprehensively across different habitats and spatial scales if conclusions are to be robust.


Video outpainting aims to complete missing areas at the edges of video frames adequately. Compared to image outpainting, it presents an additional challenge as the model should maintain the temporal consistency of the filled area. In this paper, we introduce a masked 3D diffusion model for video outpainting. We use the technique of mask modeling to train the 3D diffusion model. This allows us to use multiple guide frames to connect the results of multiple video clip inferences, thus ensuring temporal consistency and reducing jitter between adjacent frames. Meanwhile, we extract the global frames of the video as prompts and guide the model to obtain information other than the current video clip using cross-attention. We also introduce a hybrid coarse-to-fine inference pipeline to alleviate the artifact accumulation problem. The existing coarse-to-fine pipeline only uses the infilling strategy, which brings degradation because the time interval of the sparse frames is too large. Our pipeline benefits from bidirectional learning of the mask modeling and thus can employ a hybrid strategy of infilling and interpolation when generating sparse frames. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-art results in video outpainting tasks.


Ready Mixed Concrete Delivery Problem (RMCDP) is a multi-objective multi-constraint dynamic combinatorial optimization problem. From the operational research prospective, it is a real life logistic problem that is hard to be solved with large instances. In RMCDP, there is a need to optimize the Ready Mixed Concrete ( RMC) delivery by predetermining an optimal schedule for the sites-trips assignments that adheres to strict time, distance, and capacity constraints. This optimization process is subjected to a domain of objectives ranging from achieving maximum revenue to minimizing the operational cost. In this paper, we analyze the problem based on realistic assumptions and introduce its theoretical foundation. We derive a complete projection of the problem in graph theory, and prove its NP-Completeness in the complexity theory, which constitutes the base of the proposed approaches. The first approach is a graph-based greedy algorithm that deploys dynamic graph weights and has polynomial time complexity. The second approach is a heuristic-based algorithm coupled with the dynamic programming and is referred to as Priority Algorithm. This algorithm is carefully designed to address the RMCDP dynamic characteristic, and satisfies its multi-objectivity. In comparison with the state-of-arts approaches, our algorithm achieves high feasibility rate, lower design complexity, and significantly lower computational time to find optimal or very slightly suboptimal solutions.


A unique feature of genitourinary (GU) medicine clinics is that patients can book appointments themselves. The aim of this study was to assess how long it takes and the barriers that exist when making an appointment in a UK GU medicine clinic. Male and female researchers recorded the number of attempts needed to make a successful contact, how the call was dealt with, and the time taken for the call to be initially answered and then completed; 72% (479/666) of the telephone contacts were answered on the first attempt (range: 1–17). The median length of the total call was one minute 51 seconds (range: 15 seconds to eight minutes, six seconds) but male callers took a mean of 40 seconds longer to complete a call (P < 0.001), reflecting additional and often intrusive questions they were asked compared with female researchers. Care should be taken to ensure that the first point of contact with a clinic is favourable as it reflects on how an entire service may be perceived.


Lovastatin is the first FDA-approved antihypercholesterolemic drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with pleiotropic clinical applications. Monascus purpureus is one of the safest molds for the production of lovastatin that has been used in the preparation of Chinese medicine Red-Yeast Rice. This investigation dealt with the effect of both static and dynamic culture conditions on the morphological change and localization of lovastatin in Monascus purpureus. In dynamic culture condition, pellet morphology was observed and the maximum intra- and extra-cellular components of lovastatin including both β-hydroxy acid and lactone forms were found to be 1043.45 and 207.94 μg/l, respectively. Filamentous (mat) form of morphology was observed in the static culture condition and the intra- and extracellular concentration of lovastatin were 677.9 and 789.2 μg/l. Taguchi's L12 (112) orthogonal arrays was employed to find optimal conditions for the submerged production of lovastatin and for the growth of Monascus purpureus. Three physical and five chemical variables were considered in the current experimental study. The maximum production of lovastatin was observed to be 3.66 mg/l. Among the chemical parameters, MnSO4 and MgSO4 were the most significant parameters for the production of lovastatin. Physical parameters, viz., agitation rate and temperature, were also equally significant to that of medium constituents for the production of lovastatin. The significance of the variables on the biomass growth was just opposite to that the results of lovastatin production. Ammonium chloride was the most significant parameter among the variables studied for the growth of M. purpureus, followed by glucose and phosphorous sources (KH2PO4). Statistical analysis showed that those parameters were significant with more than 99 % confidence (p<0.01).


The significance of higher vocational trainings with students' eyes

 In The National Qualifications Register (NQR), individuals who wanted to learn can choose from many higher vocational trainings. As preliminary training the acquisition of final exam is enough. Higher vocational trainings can be advertised in higher edu-cational institutions, secondary schools consisting in an agreement, vocational and adult educational institutions and companies. Many entrance examiners chose this training, in one respect they obtain profession, on the other hand, they get extra point to pass into any university or college. The higher vocational education, however, is facing with new changes this year. In our presentation, we examined at Kaposvar University Faculty of Education the launched and ongoing post-secondary vocational trainings both for full and part time students, their related future ideas and the opportunities of proceeding with the qualification.

Keywords: vocational training • motivation • practice • experience • lifelong learning


Introduction. Basal ganglia calcification (BGC) in pediatric population is rare and is considered as a pathological finding. Various causes may be responsible for BGC including hypoparathyroidism, various infectious, toxicities or hereditary disorders. Aim. We aimed to present a 8 year old boy presented with generalized seizure and bilateral small amount of globus pallidum calcifications on neuroimaging studies leading to the diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, which is a treatable cause of seizure. Description of the case. A 8-year-old boy presented to our emergency department with generalized seizure for the first time in his life. There was no history of previous head trauma and his family history was unremarkable. Neurological examination revealed no pathological findings. Radiological imaging studies revealed only bilateral small amount of globus pallidus calcifications. He was referred to the pediatric endocrinology department for further evaluation of the hypocalcemic convulsion, where laboratory investigations revealed idiopathic hypoparathyroidism as the cause of hypocalcemic convulsion with exclusion of the other causes. Conclusion. Even a small amount of BGC in pediatric patients may be the sign of primary hypoparathyroidism and should be evaluated with serum electrolyte levels for early diagnosis and for the prevention of multisystemic complications of hypoparathyroidism.


Analytical approaches for the characterisation of the compound channels in transparent multihop relay transmissions over independent fading channels are considered in this paper. Compound channels with homogeneous links are considered first. Using Mellin transform technique, exact expressions are derived for the moments of cascaded Weibull distributions. Subsequently, two performance metrics, namely, coefficient of variation and amount of fade, are derived using the computed moments. These metrics quantify the possible variations in the channel gain and signal to noise ratio from their respective average values and can be used to characterise the achievable receiver performance. This approach is suitable for analysing more realistic compound channel models for scattering density variations of the environment, experienced in multihop relay transmissions. The performance metrics for such heterogeneous compound channels having distinct distribution in each hop are computed and compared with those having identical constituent component distributions. The moments and the coefficient of variation computed are then used to develop computationally efficient estimators for the distribution parameters and the optimal hop count. The metrics and estimators proposed are complemented with numerical and simulation results to demonstrate the impact of the accuracy of the approaches.


This Article argues that survivors of campus sexual violence often need legal counsel before, during, and after campus disciplinary proceedings. Lawyers have been overlooked as a critical resource for survivors, and this omission means that most survivors do not receive essential services for addressing their victimization and furthering their recovery. This Article sets forth the reasons why institutions of higher education should make available free legal services to their students who are victimized, and addresses the reasons why institutions might be hesitant to do so. The Article then argues that potential institutional concerns do not relieve colleges and universities of their existing legal obligation to provide some survivors with free legal services. This Article suggests that schools would best meet their legal obligation by providing all survivors with free legal services. The Article then puts its theoretical discussion into perspective by describing the University of Oregon's unique on-campus program that provides free legal counsel to student survivors. The Article concludes by recommending that the Office for Civil Rights clarify campuses' legal obligation to provide free attorneys for some survivors and by suggesting that campuses offer all survivors this service. The result would be a better campus response to sexual violence, a decline in the overall rate of post-assault traumatic distress, a likely reduction in the rate of campus sexual violence, and greater progress toward the goal of gender equality.


Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to potential toxicity in an organism. Class III peroxidases (PRXs) play an important role in maintaining ROS homeostasis in plants. Internal browning (IB) limits industrial development of pineapple, which is the third most important fruit trade in the world. IB is mainly caused by ROS, and the mechanism underlying IB is still unknown from the perspective of ROS. Here, we soaked pineapples in ascorbic acid after harvest and before storage to decrease excessive ROS and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, ultimately restraining the spread and deterioration of IB. Using phylogenetic analysis; we identified 78 pineapple PRX genes (AcPRXs) and divided them into five subgroups. Gene structure analysis indicated that the exon numbers ranged from 2 to 14, and conserved motif analysis verified that all of the AcPRXs identified here have standard peroxidase domains. Analysis of duplication events suggested that tandem and segmental duplication events may have played equal and important roles in expanding the AcPRX family. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis uncovered that AcPRXs may play an important role in negatively regulating the occurrence of IB. In summary, we found that ROS scavenging delayed IB occurrence. The results of characterized AcPRX family revealed that AcPRXs family responded to growth and development, and negatively regulated to IB occurrence in storage stage. This research provides potential target genes for future in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying IB and contributes to develop IB-resistant pineapple varieties.


Graph convolutional networks gain remarkable success in semi-supervised learning on graph-structured data. The key to graph-based semisupervised learning is capturing the smoothness of labels or features over nodes exerted by graph structure. Previous methods, spectral methods and spatial methods, devote to defining graph convolution as a weighted average over neighboring nodes, and then learn graph convolution kernels to leverage the smoothness to improve the performance of graph-based semi-supervised learning. One open challenge is how to determine appropriate neighborhood that reflects relevant information of smoothness manifested in graph structure. In this paper, we propose GraphHeat, leveraging heat kernel to enhance low-frequency filters and enforce smoothness in the signal variation on the graph. GraphHeat leverages the local structure of target node under heat diffusion to determine its neighboring nodes flexibly, without the constraint of order suffered by previous methods. GraphHeat achieves state-of-the-art results in the task of graph-based semi-supervised classification across three benchmark datasets: Cora, Citeseer and Pubmed.


Background: The present study investigates the relationship between hypertransaminasemia and malnutrition on the basis of a very large number of patients. We assume that the level of transaminases not only reflects the extent of underlying liver cell damage but also provides information about the metabolic situation under conditions of energy deficiency. Methods: We present an observational study in two different samples. The first sample consists of 3755 patients (mean age 22.7 years, Range 12–73 years; mean BMI 15.4 kg/m2, range 8.1–25.7) out of a total of 4212 patients with anorexia nervosa treated in the Roseneck Clinic within five years for whom a complete admission laboratory was available. The second sample was obtained from a special ward for medically at-risk patients with eating disorders. During the period in question, four hundred and ten patients with anorexia nervosa were treated. One hundred and forty-two female patients (mean age 26.4 years, Range 18–63 years; mean BMI 11.5 kg/m2, range 8.4–13) had a BMI of thirteen or less and a complete data set was obtained at admission and weekly in the following four weeks after admission. Results: The increase in liver transaminases shows a very high correlation with weight in sample one (N = 3755). The analysis of variance shows highly significant (<0.001) correlations with an F-value of 55 for GOT/AST and 63 for GPT/ALT. Nevertheless, the variance within the groups with the same BMI is quite high. With re-nutrition in sample two, GOT/AST decreased on average from 71 U/L to 26 U/L (MANOVA F 10.7, p < 0.001) and GPT/ALT from 88 to 41 U/L (F = 9.9, p < 0.001) within four weeks. Discussion: Below a BMI of about 13, the nutritional status of the patients becomes so critical that the energy supply of the patient is increasingly dependent on the autophagy of the liver, which can be seen in the very strong increase in transaminases here. Refeeding leads very quickly to the normalisation of the transaminases and, thus, a stabilisation of the metabolism leading also to a decrease in autophagy.


This article documents and analyzes autoethnographic engagement in participatory action research (PAR)—a reflective, irritative, and dialogic writing and team-discussion process which documents researcher-activist experiences and contextualizes them within the action research process. We document autoethnography as implemented in a research partnership between HMoob American college student activists and education researchers, to study the systems of oppression and inform advocacy to support HMoob American students at a predominantly white university. Autoethnography informs all aspects of the PAR project, from the development of research questions, to data collection, analysis, and writing, to the implementation of plans for action. We provide evidence from selections of the team's autoethnographic journals, of the role of autoethnographic engagement as a PAR research technique that can facilitate and bear witness to the developmental transformations for emerging PAR activists—specifically, the cultivation of critical consciousness, the critical re-framing of issues of cultural-community identity, and the formation of an identity as a researcher-activist. We argue that autoethnography provides a practical technique for PAR teams for engaging in iterative cycles of critical self-reflective praxis (Freire, 2011), facilitating the development of critically-engaged researchers and the formation of analyses that are epistemologically grounded and action-oriented, addressing issues of power asymmetries within research.


Using data from three European countries, this paper investigates whether self-reported satisfaction data are subject to panel conditioning or a panel effect, that is, whether answers depend on whether one has previously participated in the panel. The analysis proposes a way to account for panel attrition in cases where the attrition rate is substantial, and finds international evidence for a negative panel effect. This result can be of importance e.g. in the current debate on trends in life satisfaction over time), and might stimulate further research into panel conditioning for other economic data gathered via household surveys.


In a report released on 23 June 2000, the Review Panel tasked by the federal Minister of Justice with reviewing the Canadian Human Rights Act made some welcome recommendations for improving the Act and the way the Canadian Human Rights Commission functions. Three are of particular significance: the recommendation that "social condition" be added to the prohibited grounds for discrimination listed in the Act; the recommendation that the Canadian Human Rights Commission should have, under its governing legislation, the duty to monitor and report to Parliament and the UN Human Rights Committee on the federal government's compliance with international human rights treaties regarding economic, social, and cultural rights; and the recommendation that "gender identity" should be expressly added to the Act as a prohibited ground of discrimination.


Characterizing the diffusive exchange of solutes between bulk water in an aquifer and water in the intragranular pores of the solid phase is still challenging despite decades of study. Many disparities between observation and theory could be attributed to low connectivity of the intragranular pores. The presence of low connectivity indicates that a useful conceptual framework is percolation theory. The present study was initiated to develop a percolation‐based finite difference (FD) model, and to test it rigorously against both random walk (RW) simulations of diffusion starting from nonequilibrium, and data on Borden sand published by Ball and Roberts (1991a,b) and subsequently reanalyzed by Haggerty and Gorelick (1995) using a multirate mass transfer (MRMT) approach. The percolation‐theoretical model is simple and readily incorporated into existing FD models. The FD model closely matches the RW results using only a single fitting parameter, across a wide range of pore connectivities. Simulation of the Borden sand experiment without pore connectivity effects reproduced the MRMT analysis, but including low pore connectivity effects improved the fit. Overall, the theory and simulation results show that low intragranular pore connectivity can produce diffusive behavior that appears as if the solute had undergone slow sorption, despite the absence of any sorption process, thereby explaining some hitherto confusing aspects of intragranular diffusion.


Schematically one can distinguish two traditions related to ethnic statistics in Europe. In France, Germany and most southern European countries, the dominant statistical categorisations merely distinguish individuals on the basis of their nationality. In contrast, most northern European countries have been producing data on the ethnic and/or foreign origin of their populations. Belgium is caught somewhere in between these two traditions. The French speaking part of Belgium tends to follow the French tradition of refusing ethnic categorisation, while the Flemish (the Dutch speaking part) try to copy the Dutch model in distinguishing "allochthones" and "autochthones". This contribution wants to offer an analysis of the construction of ethnic categories as it has been undertaken in the Dutch context. It equally wants to shed light on how the category of "allochthones" has been (partially) imported into the Belgian context and what the consequences are.


This report presents some possibilities to reduce production scrap during steel casting production by the mean of the smelting mould method. Most of the time, standard ways of casting products finishing are the only possibility for the product to reach the required quality. By the mean of an advanced solution and from the quality control point of view, there appears the making up of a prediction concerning the occurrence of casting failures within the course of the material processing flow. On the base of statistical data determination methods for specially selected casting products types, it will be possible to consider the significance of each single nodal checking point. Thanks to the subsequent estimation and eventually to the refinishing of the checking methods, all of the conditions for a further reduction of undesirable scrap will be created and this, already within the course of the processing flow. This way, it will be possible to achieve a significant reduction of factory costs.


The interest in carbon nano tubes (CNTs) as reinforcements for aluminum (Al) has been growing considerably. Efforts have been largely focused on investigating their contribution to the enhancement of the mechanical performance of the composites. The uniform dispersion of CNTs in the Al matrix has been identified as being critical to the pursuit of enhanced properties. Stir Casting method as a mechanical dispersion technique has proved its potential. In this work, we use Stir casting method to disperse up to 4 wt. % CNT in an Al matrix. The effect of CNT content on the Physical properties of the composites like SEM, XRD was investigated. The improvement of physical properties for composites of Al - CNT has been compared with pure aluminum (1100).


Bambang Sukmo Pribadi or known as Bambang SP is a developer-maestro of karawitan Jawatimuran . The record of maestro was found in International Gamelan Festival 2018, Surakarta. A maestro title is not something easy to earn, however it's also need to be known particularly in which extent Bambang SP's attraction as a maestro in karawitan Jawatimuran. Bambang SP has a few covered record as a maestro and the discourse of karawitan Jawatimuran also not widely known especially in karawitan Jawatimuran community. The aim of this study is to explore constellation paradigm between Bambang SP and karawitan Jawatimuran . This paper is describing how Bambang SP's creativity expands karawitan Jawatimuran. This practice holds conclusion of the use of karawitan Jawatimuran's idiom at any expanding works as Bambang SP's innovation. In the other hand, Bambang SP doesn't leave the existence of traditional art in karawitan Jawatimuran . This attractiveness indirectly followed by his fellows as well as next generations.


The geotechnical characteristics of the soil layers is one of the main factors influencing liquefaction potential of the ground. The standard penetration test (SPT) had been extensively used to measure the in-situ soil properties due to its simplicity and availability all over the world in the majority of the liquefaction studies. Nevertheless, it suffers from some shortcomings in comparison with another in -situ test called cone penetration test (CPT). In order to compare the liquefaction potentials based on the SPT data with those based on the CPT data, some sites in the southern parts of Iran have been selected and studied. The geotechnical characteristics of these sites have been measured both from SPT and CPT methods, and for the same seismicity condition, the liquefaction potential were estimated using the SPT and CPT based evaluation methods. At the end some correlations were derived between the obtained results and their validities were discussed and justified. Although the correlation factor was found to be very small and the results were highly scattered, it could be concluded that the liquefaction evaluation methods based on the SPT data show more conservative results compared with those based on the CPT data.


Copyright © 2020 The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan Abstract: In hot strip rolling, the work roll (WR) shifting method is widely used to disperse thermal crown and work roll wear. The low WR surface temperature and "insensitivity" to temperature changes not only enable more precise control in the WR shifting method, but also contribute to resource and energy savings. In this paper, we proposed a WR with temperature buffering function in which hollow roll is filled with phase change material (PCM), and verified its effect with a simple numerical model. In spite of the low volume fraction of 16%, the proposed roll obtained a decrease in roll surface temperature that greatly exceeded the temperature estimated from the amount of heat stored in PCM. This is because the decrease in surface temperature is due not only to the heat storage effect of PCM but also to the temperature leveling effect accompanying the increase in effective thermal conductivity of molten PCM. Therefore, it was suggested that the proposed roll contributes to the refinement of control by the WR shifting method and to resource saving and energy saving.


This study reports the effect of dietary nickel (Ni) and a combination of Ni and zinc (Zn) on the accumulation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), Ni and Zn in muscles, liver and kidneys of rabbits. Female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of experimental groups were fed a granular mixture with addition of various concentrations of Ni or Ni+Zn (E1 – 17.5 g NiCl2 per 100 kg of feed mixture, group E2 - 35.0 g NiCl2 per 100 kg of feed mixture, group E3 – 17.5 g NiCl2 per 100 kg of feed mixture and 30 g ZnCl2 per 100 kg of feed mixture, group E4 – 35.0 g NiCl2 per 100 kg of feed mixture and 30 g ZnCl2 per 100 kg of feed mixture). Group C without inclusion of Ni or Zn served as control. After the 90-day experimental period biological material (liver, kidney, musculus longissimus dorsi, musculus biceps femoris) was taken from the animals. Samples were analyzed by the AAS method. Ni added to the FM caused an increase in Cd concentration in the kidneys of the rabbits, significantly in the E3 group in comparison with the control group. In the liver an insignificant decrease of Cd concentration was found. Zn addition in the amount of 30 g to the diet caused an increase of Cd level in the kidney as well as in the liver. Ni and Zn treatment caused a significant decrease of Pb accumulation in the m. longissimus dorsi of rabbits. This study indicates that dietary inclusion of Ni and Zn caused specific interactions among the observed metals.


Over recent years there have been rapid changes occurring across marine ecosystems worldwide, with high latitude systems seeing ecosystem shifts emerging at unprecedented rates. The Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea marine ecosystems have experienced substantial fluctuation in fish stocks, with some species experiencing considerable decreases while others thrive. Following the marine heatwave of 2014, sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) had a historically unparalleled juvenile recruitment class that is now dominating the stock composition. While this recruitment class bodes well for future fisheries, it is currently undermining the value of the fishery with limited incentives to retain the smaller and less valuable fish, compounding adverse effects on earnings in the fishery due to whale depredation that has been occurring for years. This study examines the well-being implications of fishermen's adaptive strategies to these ecosystem conditions within the Alaska sablefish fishery using a socio-ecological system framework, operationalized as a qualitative network model (QNMs) and quantitative indicators. We examine the extent to which adaptation strategies, derived from a literature review and stakeholder interviews, are being utilized in the fishery with quantitative indicators. These strategies are then examined with QNMs that explore their impacts across the spectrum of well-being. By coupling quantitative indicators and QNMs, we were able to demonstrate how adaptive strategies can be examined to capture the multi-faceted well-being effects of fisheries participants' adaptations to changing conditions. This study directly addresses several of the key guiding principles of the U.S. EBFM Road Map, including advancing our understanding of ecosystem processes, exploring trade-offs within an ecosystem, and maintaining resilient ecosystems, inclusive of community well-being. Thus this paper demonstrates how coupled socio-ecological models can elevate the inclusion of human adaptive behaviors, providing a framework for the development of policymaking that can mitigate adverse effects on both the participants and the resource by facilitating the mixture of adaptive strategies that maximizes desired well-being outcomes.


In this paper, we report on three-photon fluorescence and the possible observation of other complex optical processes in a ZnSe crystal for a kilojoule-class, 100 ps pulse, Nd:glass laser excitation. The emission properties of the ZnSe crystal and its excitation energy dependence were investigated under low and high-energy excitations. A 15 to 10 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM) spectral collapse, a 5 nm blue shift, and a shortened lifetime of fluorescence under high-energy excitation could indicate an amplified spontaneous emission. These findings present the feasibility of investigating the dynamics and spectral properties of three-photon fluorescence and other complex nonlinear optical processes in ZnSe at an extremely high excitation energy.


The {Cr8 } metallacrown [CrF(O2 Ct Bu)2 ]8 , containing a F-lined internal cavity, shows high selectivity for CO2 over N2 . DFT calculations and absorption studies support the multiple binding of F-groups to the C-center of CO2 (C⋅⋅⋅F 3.190(9)-3.389(9) Å), as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.


Antibiotic resistance is one of the foremost threats to human health1,2, yet the spread of resistance is poorly understood. Resistant and sensitive strains of the same bacteria nearly always coexist in host populations3-5, but mathematical models of disease transmission have failed to identify a general, empirically-supported mechanism that can reproduce this phenomenon6–9. Such a model should be structurally neutral10, meaning that coexistence arises from the biology of sensitive and resistant strains rather than being an assumption embedded into the model structure. However, existing models have only applied the principle of structural neutrality at the population level, not within individual hosts where resistant and sensitive strains may interact. Here, we show that within-host dynamics between resistant and sensitive strains creates frequency-dependent selection for resistance, promoting coexistence at the population level, and that extending structural neutrality to the within-host level allows us to reproduce empirical patterns of resistance in commensal bacteria across 30 European countries. In doing so, we identify a parsimonious and biologically-plausible explanation for coexistence that resolves a long-standing conflict between theoretical prediction and empirical observation. Simple mathematical models that mechanistically capture resistance transmission dynamics will allow us to more accurately predict the impact of much-needed strategies for managing resistance.


Neuronal channelopathies cause brain disorders, including epilepsy, migraine, and ataxia. Despite the development of mouse models, pathophysiological mechanisms for these disorders remain uncertain. One particularly devastating channelopathy is Dravet syndrome (DS), a severe childhood epilepsy typically caused by de novo dominant mutations in the SCN1A gene encoding the voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.1. Heterologous expression of mutant channels suggests loss of function, raising the quandary of how loss of sodium channels underlying action potentials produces hyperexcitability. Mouse model studies suggest that decreased Nav1.1 function in interneurons causes disinhibition. We aim to determine how mutant SCN1A affects human neurons using the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) method to generate patient‐specific neurons.


The article contains Komercni banka's analysis of the Czech economy. The authors conclude that the economy goes through a classical recession, caused by the joint working of the following main factors: waves in firms' and households' investment, volatility of foreign capital, stabilization policy mismanagement, and a credit cycle. An important part of the recession was a result of the restrictive monetary and fiscal policy of 1997, which had an impact on the economy with a one-year lag. The authors conclude that a slight recovery of demand will not come earlier than in the second half of 1999, and that it will be driven mainly by the revival of real household incomes.


Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterised by increased intracranial pressure with normal cerebrospinal fluid, and no evidence of space occupying process, meningeal pathology or venous thrombosis. The condition is associated with obesity, especially in women of childbearing age. IIH is a rare but serious cause of headache, and constitutes a differential diagnosis for sudden-onset headache, particularly if the patient has visual disturbances not related to migraine and reports pulsatile tinnitus, cranial nerve palsy or radiculopathy.


A 4-year-old girl presented with severe pallor and intermittent passage of cola-coloured urine. Routine investigations were suggestive of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. Red cell agglutination was observed in peripheral smear and patient's serum was positive for cold agglutinins. Thorough work-up ruled out secondary cold agglutinin disease. Patient was treated successfully with corticosteroids.


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in Western nations and ranges in severity from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is a genetic-environmental-metabolic stress-related disease of unclear pathogenesis. NAFLD is triggered by caloric overconsumption and physical inactivity, which lead to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Mitochondrial dysfunction not only promotes fat accumulation, but also leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, resulting in oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modulator of antioxidant signaling that serves as a primary cellular defense against the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress. The pharmacological induction of Nrf2 ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance and NAFLD in a mouse model. Sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin are derived from broccoli sprouts and are the most potent natural Nrf2 inducers—they may protect mitochondrial function, thus suppressing the development of NASH. In this review, we briefly describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NASH and the effects of glucoraphanin on its development.


In this paper, we propose an algorithm for online, real-time tracking of arbitrary objects in videos from unconstrained environments. The method is based on a particle filter framework using different visual features and motion prediction models. We effectively integrate a discriminative online learning classifier into the model and propose a new method to collect negative training examples for updating the classifier at each video frame. Instead of taking negative examples only from the surroundings of the object region, or from specific background regions, our algorithm samples the negatives from a contextual motion density function in order to learn to discriminate the target as early as possible from potential distracting image regions. We experimentally show that this learning scheme improves the overall performance of the tracking algorithm. Moreover, we present quantitative and qualitative results on four challenging public data sets that show the robustness of the tracking algorithm with respect to appearance and view changes, lighting variations, partial occlusions, as well as object deformations. Finally, we compare the results with more than 30 state-of-the-art methods using two public benchmarks, showing very competitive results.


In 1979, a K-edge densitometer (KED) was installed by the Safeguards Assay group from Los Alamos National Laboratory in the PNC reprocessing plant at Tokai-mura, Japan. It uses an active nondestructive assay technique, KED, to measure the plutonium concentration of the product solution. The measurement uncertainty of an assay depends on the count time chosen, but can be 0.5% or better. The computer hardware and software were upgraded in 1992. This manual describes the operation of the instrument, with an emphasis on the user interface to the software.


Dynamic load balancing schemes are essentially significant for efficiently executing non-uniform problems in highly parallel multicomputer systems. Their objective is to minimize the total execution time of single applications. This paper proposes adaptive receiver initiated diffusion (ARID) strategy for distributed dynamic load balancing. Its principle and control protocol are described. The communication overhead and the effect on system stability and performance efficiency are analyzed. Finally simulation experiments are carried out to compare the adaptive strategy with other dynamic load balancing scheme.<<ETX>>


A novel class of dibenzo-fused 1,9-diaza-9a-boraphenalenes featuring zigzag edges with a nitrogen-boron-nitrogen bonding pattern named NBN-dibenzophenalenes (NBN-DBPs) has been synthesized. Alternating nitrogen and boron atoms impart high chemical stability to these zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and this motif even allows for postsynthetic modifications, as demonstrated here through electrophilic bromination and subsequent palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Upon oxidation, as a typical example, NBN-DBP 5a was nearly quantitatively converted to σ-dimer 5a-2 through an open-shell intermediate, as indicated by UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy corroborated by spectroscopic calculations, as well as 2D NMR spectra analyses. In situ spectroelectrochemistry was used to confirm the formation process of the dimer radical cation 5a-2(•+). Finally, the developed new synthetic strategy could also be applied to obtain π-extended NBN-dibenzoheptazethrene (NBN-DBHZ), representing an efficient pathway toward NBN-doped zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons.


INTRODUCTION Calving difficulties are a major source of economic losses and inconvenience for dairy farmers (Berger, 1994) and are also of concern when considering the management and welfare of cows (Philipsson et al., 1979). Economic losses are due to increased likelihood of losing the calf or the cow, increased costs of medication, veterinary assistance and time input from the farmer (Philipsson, 1996). Further losses are incurred due to reduced milk production and fertility (Meijering, 1984; Meyer, 2002). The aim of this research is to develop a more accurate system for calving ease evaluation in Australia, which will allow farmers to select calving ease bulls, resulting in reduced economic losses, improved animal welfare and increased export sales of pregnant heifers. The accuracy of breeding values depends on the quantity and quality of the data collected. Approximately 64% of recorded calvings in Australia from registered Holstein bulls are classed as unobserved. These are not currently used for estimation of calving ease breeding values, on the assumption that unobserved calvings are unreliable resulting in possible reduced accuracy. However, there are calvings that are described as "unobserved – not ok" (70% of male calves born to heifers in this category die), and discarding these may well involve the loss of useful data with a high incidence of dead calves. Overall, exclusion of all unobserved calvings results in the discarding of more than half of the calving ease records. In addition, the majority of herds record no calving difficulties in a season, so the value from them is uncertain. The aim of this paper is to determine whether some of the data that has been traditionally discarded can be retained and used to enhance the reliability of the calving ease EBV.


Most studies of duplex Doppler sonography for the assessment of erectile dysfunction involve determination of peak systolic velocities 5 min after intracavernosal injection of papaverine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the timing of Doppler measurements of flow after papaverine injection for establishing the presence of arterial and venous abnormalities. Color Doppler sonography was performed in 75 patients for evaluation of vasculogenic impotence. After intracavernosal injection of 60 mg of papaverine, measurements of peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities were obtained in each cavernosal artery at 5-min intervals for a total of 30 min. A peak systolic velocity of less than 25 cm/sec was used as the threshold for arterial insufficiency. An end-diastolic velocity of greater than 5 cm/sec was used to predict venous incompetence. Scanning was performed for direct assessment of dorsal venous flow. Thirty patients were subsequently evaluated by cavernosometry and cavernosography. In most patients (76%), maximum response to papaverine was achieved within the first 5 min. In eight patients, significant increases in systolic velocity were seen only after 5 min. In 10 patients, significant changes in end-diastolic velocity between 5 and 30 min resulted in diagnostic reclassification. Data acquisition for 30 min significantly improved the sensitivity (95%) and specificity (83%) for the prediction of venous incompetence in patients with correlative cavernosography. Transient, early dorsal vein flow was noted in normal subjects. Persistent dorsal vein flow had an 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity for venous incompetence. Our results suggest that, when using color Doppler sonography, gathering data for 30 min may improve the prediction of vasculogenic impotence.


Corresponding Author: Dr.Poonam preet Bhandari Associate professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery D J College of Dental Sciences, Modinagar Contact:+91 9891772293 Email: email@example.com Incidence of pediatric injuries accounts for 4-6% of cases. Operative management should involve minimal manipulation and may be modified by the stage of skeletal and dental development. The goal of treatment of these fractures is to restore the underlying bony architecture to pre-injury position, in a stable fashion, as non-invasively as possible, with minimal residual esthetic and functional impairment. The purpose of this article is to provide an insight on maxillofacial injuries in pediatric patient and to assist the clinician in the management of mandibular parasymphysis fracture in children with occlusal acrylic splint fixed with circummandibular wiring, a definitive treatment modality


Abstract The Pearl River, one of the seven largest rivers in China, drains into the South China Sea. To simulate the transport and distribution of non-saturated suspended sediments in the Pearl River Estuary, a three-dimensional sediment transport model coupled with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been developed. The model was validated by comparing simulation results with suspended sediment concentrations measured on July 25–26, 1999 at four sites within the study area. The validation indicated that the model can simulate the transport and distribution of suspended sediments reasonably well. The simulated surface suspended sediment concentrations matched the satellite images qualitatively. It was found that suspended sediments in the study area exhibit strong vertical stratification, and sediment concentrations near the river gates are generally lower in the surface layer of the water column and increase with water depth while the minimum concentrations may be observed in the middle layer of water column where fresh and salt waters meet together. Generally, suspended sediments discharged from each river gate are carried by currents along the coast toward the southwest. During both high- and low-tide periods, the horizontal distribution of suspended sediment concentrations clearly demonstrates peaks adjacent to the river gates and a spatially decreasing trend from the northwest to the southeast in the study area. Contours of suspended sediment concentrations often migrate toward the ocean at low tides outside of most river gates. All these findings indicate that suspended sediments in the Pearl River Estuary primarily have terrestrial sources.


Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is the most frequent vascular complication after kidney transplantation (KT) and has been associated with potentially reversible refractory hypertension, graft dysfunction, and reduced patient survival. The aim of the study is to describe the outcomes of a standardized Duplex Ultrasound- (DU-) based screening protocol for early diagnosis of TRAS and for selection of patients potentially requiring endovascular intervention. We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively collected database of KT from January 1998 to select patients diagnosed with TRAS. The follow-up protocol was based on a risk-adapted, dynamic subdivision of eligible KT patients in different risk categories (RC) with different protocol strategies (PS). Of 598 patients included in the study, 52 (9%) patients had hemodynamically significant TRAS and underwent percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement. Technical and clinical success rates were 97% and 90%, respectively. 7 cases of restenosis were recorded at follow-up and treated with re-PTA plus stenting. Both DU imaging and clinical parameters improved after stent placement. Prospective high-quality studies are needed to test the efficacy and safety of our protocol in larger series. Accurate trial design and standardized reporting of patient outcomes will be key to address the current clinical needs.


A method is described for the HPLC analysis of glycinebetaine, β-alaninebetaine. and γ-butyrobetaine in aquatic animals. The betaines in marine animals were extracted with 80% methanol and converted to p-bromophenacyl esters by treatment with p-bromophenacyl bromide in the presence of 18-crown-6 and KH2PO4. The esters of betaines having UV absorption maximum at 262nm were separated on Shimpack FLC-CN using 10mM KH2PO4 containing 2% acetonitrile, pH 2.10 as a mobile phase, The recoveries of betaines added to the muscle of marine animals were in the range from 93 to 104%.


A single span 50m long prestressed road bridge was constructed under Public Works  Department in the State of Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia contract recently. The bridge was  constructed at a small village, Kampung Linsum, crossing a river, Sungai Linggi. To date,  this bridge is the Malaysia first and may also be the world longest composite road bridge  which made from ultra-high performance ductile concrete (UHPdC). This paper presents the  feature of the UHPdC precast girder; brief in-sight of the manufacturing of the girder; the  construction sequence of the bridge; the design method and lastly the environmental impact  calculation. The midspan deflections of the bridge at different construction history were  compared against the collected field data and it showed that the calculated values generally  agree well with the field data.


Abstract Since all micrometeorological parameters must be uniquely determined by the macrometeorological parameters and the characteristics of the underlying surface, it should be possible to predict the former from a knowledge of the latter two. Unfortunately, both a lack of knowledge and the extreme complexity of the interrelationships involved have deterred the solution of this problem. The present article describes an attempt at a solution for the simple case of a large plain, and gives in detail the physical relationships, the empirically determined constants, and the physical mechanism employed, together with a discussion of limitations of the present equipment. Further, it is noted that since the energy and water fluxes at the earth-atmosphere interface form boundary conditions for the atmosphere, the ability to handle them readily should prove valuable in the solution of macrometeorological problems.


The thermal behaviour of precision 5-axis machine tools is one of the main sources of geometric inaccuracy on machined workpieces. For better finishing results thermal error motions can be compensated by the numerical control of the machine tool. This approach requires a deeper understanding of the machine tools thermal response. To prevent the need for implementing complex physical models for each machine tool type an input-output approach for thermal error motion compensation is developed. The error motions are characterized by conducting displacement and temperature measurements for different thermal load cases, where displacements are measured using a linear comparator system. System identification, namely an Auto Regressive model with eXogenous input (ARX), is used to model the thermal positioning errors of a gantry-type linear axis. Determining the time and position dependent component errors is the challenge addressed in this paper. Using a set of measured position dependent errors on a particular 5-axis machine tool, the modelling approach is extensively tested and validated. Additionally, problems concerning the optimal input selection for the model are analysed. Using linear correlation coefficients, the input sets are investigated. In order to reduce the effect of input correlation, regularization is applied to the ARX model structure. The conducted examinations suggest that the ARX structure provides a good dynamic model for thermal errors. Comparative tests show that regularization and the usage of optimal inputs can improve the prediction accuracy significantly. Thermal errors, modelling, measurement, compensation


Tumors are typically mosaics of mutant clones that have evolved from a common ancestral cell. This intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is thought to drive both neoplastic progression and acquired therapeutic resistance. Availability of just one sample per tumor and moderate sequencing depth have limited systematic analysis of ITH during previous TCGA pan-cancer analyses, confining the study of ITH to a small numbers of tumor samples and cancer types. The molecular and histopathological causes of ITH and its prognostic significance have thus far remained uncertain. To overcome these limitations, we used an analysis method called EXPANDS that estimates the proportion of cells harboring specific mutations from exome sequencing data, as well as other methods that quantify ITH. We extrapolate the number of genetically diverse clonal subpopulations in 1,165 primary tumors among 12 different cancer types from TCGA and investigate mechanisms underpinning ITH as well as the correlation of ITH and genomic instability with prognosis. Lastly we validate the prognostic significance of genomic instability in an independent, high-density SNP-array dataset consisting of 2010 tumor samples, across seven additional cancer types. We found evidence of ITH in the vast majority of tumors. Mutations in driver genes tended to have a characteristic clone size, suggesting differential fitness effects of those mutations. The detection of a mutation in a driver gene that typically appears in a small clone was a predictor of poor survival. Driver gene mutations, tumor microenvironment composition and prevalence of copy number gains were significantly associated with increased ITH. In general, the prevalence of copy number alterations was a universal biomarker of prognosis: tumors with intermediate copy number burden (50 to 75% of the genome affected by copy number alterations) progressed faster than tumors with higher copy number burden, independent of cancer type. Chemo-radiation therapy administration was more efficient in decelerating tumor progression among patients with intermediate copy number burden than among patients with low or high copy number burden. These results were validated and confirmed in the independent SNP-array dataset. This study suggests a tradeoff exists between the costs and benefits of genomic instability that impacts both the evolvability and fitness of the tumor cell population. In the future, this tradeoff might be exploited to improve survival. Citation Format: Noemi Andor, Trevor A. Graham, Athena C. Aktipis, Claudia Petritsch, Hanlee P. Ji, Carlo C. Maley. Pan-cancer analysis of the causes and consequences of Intra-tumor heterogeneity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-163. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-163


Using a new aromatic 1,2,4-triazole branching monomer (4.8–13.3 mol %), three hyperbranched polyfluorenes (P2–P4) were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction to investigate the structural effect on optoelectronic properties. Poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (P1) was also prepared for comparative investigation. Their weight-average molecular weights and polydispersity indices are in the range of 1.16 × 104 to 5.9 × 104 and 1.49–2.25, respectively. Optical properties, both in solution and film state, were investigated using absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. In film state, the absorption and PL spectra peaked at 377–392 and 424–425 nm, respectively, blue-shift with increasing triazole concentration. Furthermore, a linear relationship between 1/λmax,abs and 1/(1 − ntriazole) is correlated (n: molar fraction), indicating a smooth decrease in conjugation length by incorporation of the branch unit. The P4 containing 13.3 mol % triazole reveals stable blue emission even at 150 °C (in air). The HOMO and LUMO levels of P2–P4, estimated from cyclic voltammograms, are −5.69, −5.73, −5.78 eV and −2.63, −2.64, −2.63 eV, respectively. The maximal brightness (current efficiency) of the electroluminescent devices (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P2–P4/Ca/Al) improves from 828 cd/m2 (0.19 cd/A) to 2054 cd/m2 (0.46 cd/A) with increasing triazole concentration. The results suggest that incorporation of aromatic 1,2,4-triazole branch units is an effective way to improve annealing stability and EL performance of polyfluorenes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4465–4476, 2007


Cardiac resynchronization (CRT) as well as implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) in primary prevention should be considered in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) only when pharmacological treatment has been optimized.

 we sought to analyze pharmacological treatments according to the presence or not of CRT-P, CRT-D or ICD in real life HFrEF patients by using a multicenter survey.

 the survey (NCT01956539) was carried out between 2015 and 2018 in 32 hospitals and included 2735 patients with HF who gave their consent during consultation or hospitalization. In this study, we analyzed only outpatients with chronic HFrEF treated for more than 6 months.

 among 1061 patients studied, 138 had CRT-P or CRT-D and 215 had ICD for primary prevention. The main clinical characteristics were: age 65±13 years, ischemic heart disease in, NYHA classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 15%, 52%, 23% and 10% cases respectively, systolic blood pressure 115mmHg [IQR 104–129], heart rate 70bpm [IQR 60–80], eGFR 64ml/min/1.73m2 [IQR 46–83]and LVEF was 30% [IQR 24–34]. The table shows the rate of use of evidence-based drugs and the dose for ACEi/ARB and betablockers, according to the presence of ICD or CRT.
 HFrEF CRT-P or D ICD (primary prevention) n=1061 n=138 n=215 Loop diuretics 78.2% 79.7% 74.9% ACEi or ARB 65.2% 75.4% 67.3% Sacubitril/valsartan 5.9% 8.5% 9.5% Betablockers 72.3% 83.9% 76.8% Mineralocorticoid antagonists 45.7% 63.6% 60.2% ACEi/ARB mean % maxi dose 77 81 83 Beta-blockers mean % maxi dose 74 63 79

 these results suggest that pharmacological treatment remains poorly optimized in a number of patients with HFrEF who received ICD or CRT


This paper conceives municipalities as Smart Local Service Systems (SLSS), where co-production and variety perform as key resources to merge service quality and sustainability. The attention is focused on local public transport services, where users' involvement in value creation process is considered to be especially relevant. A narrative case study is presented, concerning the mobility service system of the municipality of Bologna (Italy). The research focused on the SMARTIP (Smart Metropolitan Areas Realised Through Innovation & People) European project, which was aimed at enhancing service quality and sustainability through citizens' empowerment and co-production. Citizens' involvement in co-planning and co-designing local transport services was found to be critical to improve service quality. Citizens' empowerment process allows to establish a co-creating relationship among the different stakeholders who are involved in urban mobility, paving the way for their engagement in devising, implementing and assessing transportation services. Public managers should take into consideration the role of value co-creation to enhance the responsiveness of public sector organizations and to achieve increased smartness. On the one hand, a citizens' empowerment process is required to foster their participation in service co-production; on the other hand, citizens' involvement engenders a virtuous cycle, encouraging the latter in co-producing public services. This paper represents one of the first attempts to examine service co-production in light of the requisite variety perspective. Co-production allows to merge competing purposes by activating the citizens' sleeping assets and by absorbing external variety through the creation of internal variety.


Managing the anxiety of children during dental care is a major aspect of a pediatric dentist's work. Only a sparse body of literature is available regarding anxiety during dental care over consecutive visits. The purpose of the study was to investigate anxiety over three consecutive visits for pediatric dental treatment using an electrodermal activity (EDA) device. We also investigated how patient age, gender, the type of dental care performed and previous dental experience, exerted effect on anxiety.This was an observational cohort study. Anxiety was assessed during treatment, using an EDA device. We also recorded Frankl's behavior rating, previous dental experience, behavior guidance technique, heart rate and the type of dental care. Our cohort included 30 healthy children aged 4–6 years who needed dental care over at least three visits. Frankl scale scores, EDA values and heart rate did not differ significantly between visits. Behavior and anxiety during treatment did not differ significantly according to gender and age. At the second visit, the Frankl score was higher in children who received pulp treatments and crowns than those who received restorations (p = 0.012). At the third visit, children who received pulp treatments and crowns had higher heart rates than those who received restorations (p = 0.011). Heart rate was significantly higher in children who had negative dental experiences when compared to those with positive experiences (p = 0.030). The levels of anxiety in children aged 4–6 years did not change significantly over three consecutive dental treatments. Therefore, varied and meticulous behavior management methods should be maintained throughout consecutive visits.


Background: The Double OT (DOT) assessment is occupation-based and dynamic, designed with a clientcentered format requiring skill demonstration. It was developed to support youth transitioning into the workplace. This research intended to analyze initial validity and users' experience. Method: This study includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of data collected from surveys from 169 client participants (APs) and 30 recipient participants (ARRs) from eight sites in the USA and Europe. AP were 14 to 25 years of age and engaged in residential, educational, and vocational settings. The ARRs comprised partners who had received DOT assessment summaries about APs with whom they worked. Results: The APs showed high engagement and learning; average ratings for each item fell between 4.24–4.54 on a 5-point Likert scale. The ARRs agreed on the validity and usability of the DOT; average ratings for each item fell between 3.75 and 4.53 on a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative themes indicated that the DOT is: "fun and engaging," "vocationally informative and applicable," and that there is an absence of commonly used assessments informing vocational transitions. Conclusion: The results support initial validity of the DOT. Users find it to be highly engaging, with good usability, and indicate that it facilitates participant learning.


Purpose of review Treatment strategies for children with HIV are evolving, with considerations beyond plasma viremic control that raise the possibility of reducing or eliminating latent reservoirs to achieve posttreatment control. Novel strategies that maintain HIV viral suppression and allow time off small molecule antiretroviral therapy (ART) are of high priority. Trials with broadly neutralizing mAbs (bNAbs) have begun in children and may become a viable alternative treatment option. Recent bNAb treatment studies in adults indicate that bNAbs may be associated with a reduction in viral reservoirs, providing optimism that these agents may provide a pathway towards posttreatment control that rarely occurs with small molecule ART. Recent findings Children with HIV provide an ideal opportunity to study bNAbs as an alternative treatment strategy that reduces direct ART toxicities during critical periods of growth and development, allows time off ART and takes advantage of the distinct features of the developing immune system in children that could facilitate induction of more potent autologous cellular and humoral immune responses against HIV-1. To date, paediatric bNAb studies with reported results include IMPAACT P1112, IMPAACT 2008, IMPAACT P1115 and the Tatelo study, and these results will be reviewed. Summary In this review, we summarize the current and planned paediatric bNAb studies, with an emphasis on trial results available to date. We highlight the potential benefits of immune-based therapies for the maintenance of viral suppression and its potential for achieving viral remission in children living with HIV.


A number of approaches exist for bottleneck-size estimation with respect to within-host bacterial infections; however, some are more appropriate than others under certain circumstances. A Bayesian comparison of several approaches is made in terms of the availability of isogenic multitype bacteria (e.g., WITS), knowledge of post-bottleneck dynamics, and the suitability of dilution with monotype bacteria. The results are summarised by a guiding flowchart. A sampling approach to bottleneck-size estimation is also introduced.


This discussion is limited strictly to photogeomorphic, End_Page 635------------------------------ not bedrock mapping, applications of airborne imagery. Two factors control the value of a particular image in a particular study--scale and type of imagery. Small scale imagery, less than 1:40,000, is particularly useful in broad, regional studies of structural trends, regional drainage pattern analysis, and lineament mapping. The larger scale imagery is more useful in fracture trace studies, local drainage pattern and single channel feature studies, and local tonal anomaly studies. Large-scale imagery may, of course, be compiled into a mosaic. A wide variety of image types are available today. The most commonly available are black and white photography with many possible filter combinations, black and white infrared photography, color and color infrared (false color) photography, and thermal infrared and radar imagery. These images have a large range in cost and applicability. As a tool of the photogeomorphologist, color aerial photography appears to be the most generally useful for a basic study. Black and white, and black and white infrared, photography are the least expensive and quite useful. The other types of imagery have special, and sometimes very useful, applications. Of value in some cases is sequential imagery showing, for example, variations of vegetation throughout the year. Such time-dependent changes in terrestrial features may have significance in photogeomorphic exploration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 636------------


Cotransplantation of human fetal thymic tissue and CD34(+) fetal liver cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or NOD/SCID/γc(-/-) mice results in the development of multilineage human hematopoietic cells. In this study, we show that these humanized mice had extremely low levels of human platelets. The presence of human megakaryocytes at a normal concentration in the bone marrow suggests that human megakaryocytic differentiation occurred efficiently in these mice. Rapid increase in human platelets in blood to levels comparable with those of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after macrophage depletion indicates that mouse macrophages are responsible for the poor human platelet reconstitution in humanized mice. In support of this possibility, human platelets were rapidly rejected after infusion into untreated mice, but persisted in macrophage-depleted mice. These findings indicate that inhibition or depletion of recipient mouse macrophages may provide a useful means for evaluating human thrombopoiesis and platelet function in vivo using immunodeficient mice.


We study magneto-elastic effects in crystals of magnetic molecules. Coupled equations of motion for spins and sound are derived and the possibility of strong resonant magneto-acoustic coupling is demonstrated. Dispersion laws for interacting linear sound and spin excitations are obtained for bulk and surface acoustic waves. We show that ultrasound can generate inverse population of spin levels. Alternatively, the decay of the inverse population of spin levels can generate ultrasound. Possibility of solitary waves of the magnetization accompanied by the elastic twists is demonstrated.


The major objective of this study is to develop a novel and broadly applicable immunotherapy platform against cancer and infectious diseases. We hypothesized that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could serve as a source for generating dendritic cells (DC) with potent immunostimulatory function. One advantage of using hESC-derived DC in clinical settings is the ability to generate virtually unlimited amounts of antigen presenting cells for vaccination. Although hESC-derived DC are not genetically identical to the recipient patient, antigen processing and presentation can be facilitated by matching hESC to recipients that share HLA class I alleles. Another advantage of this technology is that hESC express highly polymorphic HLA class II molecules that serve as major rejection antigens, thereby augmenting the antigen-specific T-cell response in the cancer patient. In the current study, we have established a novel three-step method to differentiate hESC (H9 cell line) into mature DC sequentially through hematopoietic stem cell and myeloid precursor stages. During the first step, 10–15% CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were generated by co-culturing hESCs with the bone marrow stromal cell line OP9. During the second step, these CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were differentiated into CD45 + CD33 + myeloid precursors and further expanded in the presence of GM-CSF. In the final step, all myeloid precursors were differentiated into mature DC using a cytokine cocktail including GM-CSF, Flt-3L and TNF-α. Using this method, we were able to generate approximately 1 × 10 8 mature hESC-derived DCs (hESDC) with ≥ 80% purity. These hESDC exhibited a similar phenotype than monocyte-derived DC with high expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD11c, CD54, CD40 and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86. Upon activation with proinflammatory cytokines, the hESDC secreted IL-12p70 and migrated in response to MIP-3β. In mixed lymphocyte reaction assays, hESDC exhibited strong allo-stimulatory capacity. Moreover, peptide-loaded mature hESDCs were able to stimulate antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell responses against the EBV peptide BMLF1 280-288 and the MART-1 peptide (ELAGIGILTV) in a HLA-A2-restricted manner. Most importantly, hESDC stimulated HLA-A2 + MART-1 peptide-specific CD8 + T cells in vitro that were capable of recognizing and killing the HLA-A2 + melanoma cell line Malena-3M. These data suggest the development of a scalable DC platform that could be applied in clinical immunotherapy protocols.


Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. (Verdc.) known as horse gram is an underutilized and unexplored legume distributed throughout Asia and Africa. Its seeds are rich in antioxidant phenolic acids, ferulic acid being the most potent one. The present study evaluates the protective effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum (MUSE) and ferulic acid in hyperlipidemia and cardiac abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome in rats. Isolation and quantification of ferulic acid from MUSE was carried out by HPTLC and HPLC respectively. Abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome were induced in rats by administering them fructose (25% w/v) in drinking water for 45 days. MUSE (200mg/kg and 400mg/ kg), ferulic acid (80mg/kg) and the standard drug gemfibrozil (60mg/kg) were administered to rats along with fructose. MUSE and ferulic acid treatments elicited significant cardioprotective activity by attenuating the fructose-elevated activities of the marker enzymes AST, LDH and CK-MB in serum and by restoring the fructose depleted activities of these enzymes in heart. Both treatments attenuated significantly the fructose elevated malondialdehyde levels, and restored the fructose depleted glutathione levels and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in heart. A significant alteration in lipid profile, notable decrease in cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart collagen and blood glucose levels, and improved glucose tolerance was observed in the treatment groups when compared with the fructose fed animals. The present findings suggest that MUSE may be useful as an adjuvant for the management of hyperlipidemia and cardiac abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome. The potent antioxidant activity of its phenolic phytoconstituents, particularly ferulic acid, may be a major factor towards this activity. *Corresponding Author: Dr. (Mrs.) Vandana S. Panda, Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Jote Joy Building, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai 400005. India: Tel: +91 22 22164387/ Fax: +912222165282; E-mail: email@example.com


We conducted a preregistered exploratory survey to assess whether patterns of individual differences in political orientation, social dominance orientation (SDO), traditionalism, conspiracy ideation, or attitudes about science predict willingness to share different kinds of misinformation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic online. Analyses revealed two orthogonal models of individual differences predicting the willingness to share misinformation over social media platforms. Both models suggest a sizable role of different aspects of political belief, particularly SDO, in predicting tendencies to share different kinds of misinformation, predominantly conspiracy theories. Although exploratory, results from this study can contribute to the formulation of a socio-cognitive profile of individuals who act as vectors for the spread of scientific misinformation online, and can be useful for computationally modeling misinformation diffusion.


Sea cucumbers are one of Indonesia's marine organism with the potential to be developed as possible herbal medicines. In a preliminary study of cytotoxic activity of ethanol extracts of 14Indonesian sea cucumber species, the most active extract came from the Holothuria sp. Thecurrent research aimed to identify the major cytotoxic component in the sea cucumber Holothuriasp., that yielded the most active extract. The samples were collected from South Lampung beach.Isolation of the cytotoxic component was done employing liquid flash and preparative reversedphase (C 18) chromatography. Cytotoxic ity evalu atio n of fractio ns collected durin g thechromatography was conducted using the MCF-7 tumor cell line. Elucidation of the structure ofmost active isolate was done by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy and GC-FID(Gas-Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detector) analysis. The results of these analyses showedthe most active compound to be stearic acid; IC 50towards MCF-7 cells 10.32 ppm.


Ten years of observing the food and nesting habits of the carpenter bee or "cigarron", Xylocopa brasilianorum (L.), has resulted in the listing of an additional 89 new records of plant species whose flowers provide food for this insect in the form of nectar and pollen. Four additional species were observed as being used as nesting sites, and are first reports for Puerto Rico. It is suggested that the carpenter bee, in her food harvesting activities, may be responsible for the pollination of 18 fruit and seed crops that are used as food sources by man in Puerto Rico.


Abstract The clustering energies and geometries of the H2CN+ · nN2 (n = 1, 2 and 3) species have been determined by ab initio SCF calculations with the 4-31G basis set. The calculated clustering energies are in good agreement with the experimentally estimated heats of formation of the cor-responding clusters. The stability of various conformers has been studied in terms of localized orbitals and charge distributions.


An intelligent and politically engaged man who was approaching forty, Ben Alper tried for nearly two years to join actively in the war against fascism. Finally, in September 1943, he was accepted by the army, assigned to the military police, and shipped out to serve in Northern Africa and Italy. Thus began a daily stream of letters to Ethel, his wife. Selected from among the eight hundred letters written during his two-year assignment, this collection reveals much about the impact of large political movements on everyday life and about the ways in which two people sustain their love throughout a long absence and over a great distance. Before the war, Ben and Ethel shared an involvement in politics. Both were committed to a vision of society that included economic justice; in the United States their idealism found focus in the New Deal and the labor movement, and internationally in antifascist struggles in Europe. They watched the triumphs of Mussolini and Hitler with horror, and they supported the Allied resistance to them after the outbreak of war in 1939. Ben's decision to enlist was based on an overwhelming desire to be part of the action he so strongly supported. Ben Alper's assignment was largely managerial, so his letters contain few of the descriptions of battles and death that we associate with wartime accounts. What they tell about are the effects of war on ordinary people; young soldiers, villagers, children; about the political attitudes and practices of British and American military commanders and soldiers, Italian workers and business leaders, Yugoslav officials and partisans; and about the values and vision of Alper himself. For Ethel, a professional artist, Ben craftedletters to evoke an emotional as well as visual response. One sees in brilliant color and detail some of the scenes he describes. Unlike a diary, these letters were addressed to a specific person and served both to create and sustain a relationship with her. These are intimate love


Presents a model of timed Petri nets which is more general than known models in terms of modeling convenience. The model consists of simple but fairly general modules. This would result in simpler and more modular codes for simulation of these systems, as compared with the known models of timed Petri nets. After discussing this model, the authors present an approach towards its distributed simulation. The well known distributed simulation schemes for discrete event systems do not directly apply to these systems due to the non-autonomous nature of place nodes in timed Petri nets. Moreover, in the authors' approach they incorporate several ideas to increase the degree of concurrency and to reduce the number of overhead messages in distributed simulation. >


Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4543

By CGH, we could reveal recurrent patterns of DNA imbalances in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to establish correlations between the DNA content as an indicator of chromosome numbers/aneuploidy and morphological parameter. In total, 145 lung cancer of all major histological subtypes were reclassified according to the following morphological parameters: nuclear and mitosis size (small, medium, large), presence of giant nuclei, tripolar or tetrapolar mitosis, giant cells, clear cells, spindle cells, tumor heterogeneity, apoptosis, necrosis. In addition, static DNA-image cytometry was applied using single cell suspensions after Feulgen stain. In comparison of the different subtypes, small cell lung carcinomas clearly showed the least DNA content (DNA index mean of 1,88c) being highly significantly different from adenocarcinomas (3,07c), large cell lung carcinoma (3,25c) and squamous cell carcinoma (3,41c). Among others, there were highly significant correlations between nuclear size and the DNA modal value (p=0,006) as well as DNA index mean (p=0,001). The presence of giant nuclei was strongly associated with the 5c exceeding rate (5cER, p<0,001) and tetrapolar mitosis with DNA index mean (p=0,003). Thus, chromosomal changes and DNA content of lung cancer are strongly reflected by morphology. The application of distinct cytological parameters as indicators of genomic alterations does allow a better stratification and classification of lung cancer.


SUMMARY The data rates provisioned by broadband Internet access connections continue to fall short of the requirements posed by emerging applications. However, the potential of statistical multiplexing of the last mile broadband connections remains unexploited even as the average utilisation of these connections remains low. Despite recent work in this area, two key questions remain unanswered: (a) what is the attainable benefit of broadband access sharing? and (b) how much of this benefit is realisable given real-world constraints? In this work we quantify the attainable benefit of a multihomed broadband access environment by proposing and evaluating several flow-based access sharing policies using a custom flow-based simulator. We then analyse how much of the performance benefit is lost due to real-world constraints by migrating from simulations to a test-lab environment employing a wireless network. Our results show that in today's broadband Internet access scenarios, a significant reduction in download times (up to a factor of 3) is achievable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The special features of smart grid technology includes regular metering communication, renewable power incorporation, allotment computerization and whole scrutinizing and organization of complete power grid. Little micro-electrical automatic schemes that are deployed in collecting and broadcasting data from ambience are Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Providing security and energy consumptions are the most emerging issues in Wireless sensor network communication. To enhance the lifespan of a network, energy efficiency should be increased by decreasing energy consumption of the sensor nodes, thus striking a balance in the power consumption of each node. As the primary source of origin of energy consumption of sensor nodes is long distance transmission of data, good impact on energy consumption can be provided through an efficient routing protocol. So as to enhance the lifespan of a network, a number of protocols have been put forth in the form of optimization algorithms. This study involves Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO). In GSO, a probabilistic cost is computed by every glowworm in spite of finding its neighboring glowworm that has the enhanced luciferin intensity than others. Based on this probability cost, a glow worm moves towards the chosen glowworm. To enhance GSO performance, the GSO hybrid optimized with Harmony Search (HS) and Tabu Search (TS) local methods are also proposed. Results prove that proposed method achieves better performance.


This paper summarises recent research conducted within the Spatial Information Research Group at Adelaide University, which has explored the spectral characteristics and variability of several plant groups and aimed to apply airborne hyperspectral imagery to tasks involving the discrimination of different plant types. The settings for the research have included both natural vegetation communities and horticultural enterprises in southern Australia. The paper discusses the relevance of the conventional spectral library concept for hyperspectral studies, comments on hyperspectral image analysis methodologies that appear to be useful for vegetation studies, and presents results to date.


This paper presents a novel adaptive single-phase auto-reclosing (ASPAR) scheme based on the first derivation of local voltage magnitude (VM) of the faulted phase for determination of dead time of transient faults. The algorithm is fast and uses low-frequency sampling and adaptive threshold value (ATV). This algorithm is effective for all transmission line configurations (transposed or untransposed) with different levels of reactive power compensation. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been verified using the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) for numerous simulation studies. The results of investigations on different conditions, including the pre-fault line loading, the circuit breaker opening angle, arc type, and fault location show the reliability and validity of the algorithm.