This paper deals with the problem of establishing conditions under which, in the independent Gaussian case, a stochastic process can be considered to be informationally equivalent to its innovations. In recent years this problem has been considered and, as a result, sufficient conditions implying informational equivalence are now available. On the other hand, these conditions are stronger than the ones implying whiteness of the innovations process. The aim of this paper is to fill the gap between conditions assuring whiteness of the innovations and the ones implying informational equivalence. More specifically, by considering the innovations problem in the context of multiplicity theory of stochastic processes and using the notion of a fully submitted process, a necessary and sufficient condition for informational equivalence of the innovations is established. This condition can be interpreted as a condition of nonsingularity in detection theory and turns out to be weaker than the measure-theoretic equivalence condition that has been used in essentially all of the most recent contributions to the innovations problem.


In order to relieve grazing pressure, drought-tolerant grass species are widely cultivated in arid regions. However, soil N emission is largely neglected while pursuing forage yield. We carried out a randomized block study to investigate whether and how the C3 and C4 grass species differ in soil N emission in a typical salinized field with temperate continental arid climate in the northwest inland regions, China. We quantified soil N2O flux from two C3 (barley and rye) and two C4 grass species [corngrass and sorghum hybrid sudangrass (SHS)] in fields during the growing season (from May to September) by using the static box method, and then determined the relationships between soil N2O fluxes and forage yield and soil properties. Results show that soil available nitrogen, soil temperature, pH, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen were correlated, but soil water was anti-correlated with soil N2O fluxes. In addition, N2O flux increased significantly faster with soil temperature in C4 than in C3 grass fields. Although the lower total N2O emission fluxes were detected for C3 species, the lower yield-scaled N2O was detected for C4 species. Our study provided insights into the determination of grass species and the understanding of mechanisms regulating N2O fluxes in C3 and C4 species in the continental arid regions.


Our brains continuously acquire sensory information and make judgments even when visual information is limited. In some circumstances, an ambiguous object can be recognized from how it moves, such as an animal hopping or a plane flying overhead. Yet it remains unclear how movement is processed by brain areas involved in visual object recognition. Here we investigate whether inferior temporal cortex, an area traditionally known for shape processing, has access to motion information during degraded shape recognition. We developed a matching task that required monkeys to recognize moving shapes with variable levels of shape degradation. Neural recordings in area IT showed that, surprisingly, some IT neurons preferred blurry shapes over clear ones. Further, many of the neurons exhibited motion sensitivity at different times during the presentation of the blurry target. Population decoding analyses showed that motion pattern could be decoded from IT neuron pseudo-populations. Contrary to previous findings, these results suggest that neurons in IT can integrate visual motion and shape information, particularly when shape information is degraded, in a way that has been previously overlooked. Our results highlight the importance of using challenging multi-feature recognition tasks to understand the role of area IT in naturalistic visual object recognition. (Word count: 199)


The article discusses the experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of lung carcinoma in 195 patients under 40 years of age. The specific features of the clinical course of lung carcinoma in the young, the principles of establishing the diagnosis, and the indications for surgery are determined. Various complications occurred in 16.2% of patients. Postoperative mortality was 2.2%. Five-year survival was 48.4% in stage I-II and 18.2% in stage III.


Acanthopanax senticosus(Rupr.et Maxim) Harms belongs to Araliaceae,which is a popular plant medicine with lots of bioactive substance around the world.Eleutheroside has many functions,such as resisting weariness and senescence,restraining tumor growth etc.Syringin is a main component of eleutheroside.Ultrasonic extraction method with 1.5 hour,sixty percent carbinol liquor as extractant and 55℃ are the best combination of extraction method.HPLC suitable condition was 266 nm as measuring wavelenghth,carbinol and water(28:72) used as mobile phase,1 mL·min~(-1) as velocity of flow,column temperature with 25℃.Syringin content in root and stem were compared and analyzed in similar habitats in Heilongjiang different zones.The results showed that in the seven investigation zones,syringin content of this species was highest in Wuying National Nature Reserve,which grew under Pinus koraiensis original forest,but lowest in Snow Hollow Beauty Spot of Wudalianchi and Miror Lake area of Mudan river.This result would be benefit on gathering many-prickle acanthopanax and selecting the cropping habitats.


We examine the foundations of corruption perception at the micro-level. Using micro and macro data, we focus on the incidence of personal characteristics and country effects. We extend previous researches by estimating sub-models taking into account differences in the countries of residence. Our database comes from the 2004 International Social Survey Program survey that includes more than 35 countries. Ordered probit models were estimated in order to study the impact of independent variables on the perceived level of corruption. This article argues that there are socio-demographic variables that play a relevant role in determining corruption perception (such as: gender, education, etc.). We find that country of residence matters and the model shows some relevant patters of behavior. Finally, we find a strong relationship between our ranking of countries and the Corruption Perception Index computed by Transparency International.


Peatland rehabilitation in Indonesia has been massively carried out since 2016 following a huge fire event in 2015. Rehabilitation efforts have so far focused only on burned areas, although non-forested areas and areas with a limited number of juveniles must also be considered for natural regeneration. Spatial mapping can identify areas that need revegetation so that resources can be used more effectively and efficiently. This study aims to map potential areas for peatland rehabilitation by determining the distribution of tree canopy cover using the Forest Canopy Density (FCD) model from Landsat 8 OLI. The area selected for study was Ex-Mega Rice Project (MRP) area in Pulang Pisau district and Palangka Raya city, which burns almost every year. The study identifies eight areas with different levels of Forest Cover Density (FCD). Our field observation confirms that the eight different areas have different levels of natural revegetation. When forest cover is 1-30% of the FCD model, natural regeneration is insufficient and revegetation is required. This study found that 34,543.3 ha or 22.1% of the area of the MRP needs to be rehabilitated. This result provides information on which areas can be naturally revegetated and which areas need to be rehabilitated. This information is important to develop a peat restoration strategy and increase the likelihood of success.


PURPOSE
Eye growth compensates in opposite directions to single vision (SV) negative and positive lenses. We evaluated the response of the guinea pig eye to Fresnel-type lenses incorporating two different powers.

METHODS
A total of 114 guinea pigs (10 groups with 9-14 in each) wore a lens over one eye and interocular differences in refractive error and ocular dimensions were measured in each of three experiments. First, the effects of three Fresnel designs with various diopter (D) combinations (-5D/0D; +5D/0D or -5D/+5D dual power) were compared to three SV lenses (-5D, +5D, or 0D). Second, the ratio of -5D and +5D power in a Fresnel lens was varied (50:50 compared with 60:40). Third, myopia was induced by 4 days of exposure to a SV -5D lens, which was then exchanged for a Fresnel lens (-5D/+5D) or one of two SV lenses (+5D or -5D) and ocular parameters tracked for a further 3 weeks.

RESULTS
Dual power lenses induced an intermediate response between that to the two constituent powers (lenses +5D, +5D/0D, 0D, -5D/+5D, -5D/0D and -5D induced +2.1 D, +0.7 D, +0.1 D, -0.3 D, -1.6 D and -5.1 D in mean intraocular differences in refractive error, respectively), and changing the ratio of powers induced responses equal to their weighted average. In already myopic animals, continued treatment with SV negative lenses increased their myopia (from -3.3 D to -4.2 D), while switching to SV positive lenses or -5D/+5D Fresnel lenses reduced their myopia (by 2.9 D and 2.3 D, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The mammalian eye integrates competing defocus to guide its refractive development and eye growth. Fresnel lenses, incorporating positive or plano power with negative power, can slow ocular growth, suggesting that such designs may control myopia progression in humans.


To date, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is included in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for several cancers. The real additive role of DWI lies in the "functional" information obtained by probing the free diffusivity of water molecules into intra and inter-cellular spaces that in tumors mainly depend on cellularity. Although DWI has not gained much space in some oncologic scenarios, this non-invasive tool is routinely used in clinical practice and still remains a hot research topic: it has been tested in almost all cancers to differentiate malignant from benign lesions, to distinguish different malignant histotypes or tumor grades, to predict and/or assess treatment responses, and to identify residual or recurrent tumors in follow-up examinations. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview on the application of DWI in oncology.


Introduction. The medical education literature lacks descriptions of evidence-based medicine (EBM) curricula with competency-based learning outcomes. The objective of this report is to describe an approach to designing, implementing, and assessing long-term learning in an integrated second-year EBM curriculum. Methods. Two complementary approaches were used. The primary deliberate approach incorporated large-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) critical appraisal sessions into existing organ system modules. The second approach added brief applications of EBM content to small-group case-based learning sessions. To assess learning, an open response written examination mapped to EBM competencies was administered at the beginning of the third year. Results. Data were available for 241 students. Using only walking knowledge, 47% of students at the beginning of the third year discussed two major weaknesses of an RCT; an additional 39% did so for only one. The ability to formulate a clinical question, describe elements of an appropriate search strategy and determine applicability to different patients was demonstrated by 84%, 87%, and 81% of examinees, respectively. Conclusion. This early work demonstrates that durable learning of EBM skills, including critical appraisal, is achievable among second-year medical students. Further work to improve learning in the second year and extend learning into subsequent years is forthcoming. Lupi C, Lefevre F, Ward-Peterson M MedEdPublish https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2017.000221 Page | 2


: In feline experiments and 65 clinical cases of ischaemic heart disease the efficacy of a new beta-stimulating agetn -- Ildamen -- was studied, the obtained effect was compared to that of Euphillin. Ildamen was found to be highly effective in patients with a moderately decreased coronary reserve and without atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary vessels.


ABSTRACT Moh Afif Setiawan, S 891302029, Improving Students' Vocabulary Using Lebah Interactive Multimedia (a Classroom Action Research at the Fifth Grade of SDN 2 Sendang in the Academic Year of 2014/2015). A Thesis, Master Program in English Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The objectives of the research are to find out how I use Lebah Interactive Multimedia to improve students' vocabulary of the fifth grade of SDN 2 Sendang Jepara and to find out Lebah Interactive Multimedia as media can solve unconducive class condition in SDN 2 Jepara. Problem encountered in this research was the low students' vocabulary mastery and the unconducive class condition at the fifth grade of SDN 2 Sendang Jepara. The subjects of the research was the fifth grade students of SDN 2 Sendang Jepara.The research was carried out at SDN 2 Sendang Jepara located on Sendang village, Kalinyamatan Jepara From May to June 2015. In this study, I used classroom action research method. I carried out three cycles in the research and carried out four steps namely planning the action, implementing the action, observing and monitoring the action and reflecting the action. Each cycle was the continum steps from the implementation of the previous cycle.There were two types of data in this action research, quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data was the score of test. Meanwhile, qualitative data was the information of teaching and learning process gotten from interviews, questionnaires, field notes, and observations. The result of the research showed that the improvement of students' mean score for each cycle. For instance, the mean score of students' vocabulary mastery in the pre-test was 52, cycle 1 was 62, cycle 2 was 66, and cycle 3 was 73 assessed by four indicators of vocabulary mastery which were meaning, pronouncing, spelling and the using of the words.To sum up, Lebah Interactive Multimedia can be used to improve students' vocabulary mastery and make students attentive, enthuastic, and active in the class. This condition makes the class conducive. It is ideal condition for learning environment to improve students' vocabulary. Key words : Vocabulary mastery, Lebah Interactive Multimedia, Classroom Action Research


This work presents the hardware design of a novel algorithm using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for the detection of Spectrally Efficient Frequency Division Multiplexing (SEFDM) signals. Previous work has shown that a sub-optimal Truncated Singular Value Decomposition (TSVD) approach is well-suited for use in SEFDM systems. TSVD offers a targeted reduction in complexity while outperforming linear detectors, such as Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE), in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER). This is the first time a hardware design for the TSVD algorithm has been devised for implementation on an FPGA device using Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL). Results show excellent fixed-point performance which are comparable to existing floating-point computer-based simulations. The optimal parameters required to achieve this outcome combined with their effect on system performance are identified. The impact of finite FPGA resources against performance gain is also examined.


The historical case of the Holocaust functions, in the novel La amante del ghetto (2013) by Pedro Ángel Palou (1966, Mexico), as a metaphor for genocide of all times. In the center of Palou's historical novel stands a particular, and paradigmatic, historical case of genocide, as a metaphor for contemporary genocides and conflicts such as Guerrero, Darfur or Syria. What answer can humanity give to these atrocities? The novel approaches this universal question through the particular and concrete story of Zofia, one of the Jewish Avengers who targeted Nazi war criminals in post-war Paris (1947) seeking revenge for the Holocaust. By telling the concrete details of her experience—the executions that she carries out, her silence on the sexual abuse in the camps and ghettos, and the way in which Christian Dior's new aesthetics reactivate her individual empowerment capacity—the novel reflects metaphorically on three elements that are crucial in the healing of societies after genocide: justice, memory and art.


This study presents fault estimation and diagnostics for a linear system with disturbances. Through a series of transformations on state and output equations, the given system is partitioned into three subsystems: a disturbance and fault-free subsystem, a disturbance-dependent one and an actuator fault-dependent one. The transformations enable the state vectors of the second and third subsystems to be described in terms of only output measurements, respectively. An unknown input observer is constructed for the first subsystem and is then used for actuator fault estimation. The proposed diagnostic method is verified through simulation studies performed on the control of a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft in the vertical plane.


Recent studies have shown that cytokine/cytokine receptor systems affect leukemic cell biology and clinical behavior of leukemic patients. Among various cytokine receptors, only interleukin-2 receptor α-chain (IL-2Rα, CD25) expression predicts a poor prognosis of patients (≤ 60 years old) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Even in prognostic analyses including unfavorable surface markers and cytogenetics, IL-2Rα is recognized to be an independent adverse indicator in such patients. Assessment of the presence of IL-2Rα should be essential to make therapeutic risk classification of AML patients in a future. However, as the lack of IL-2 responsiveness is observed in AML cells, further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism why IL-2Rα(+) AML patients have a dismal clinical outcome


The work demonstrates the main approaches to the use of the methods of multidimensional analysis for the creation of a hypothesis on the mechanism of the epidemiological process of dysentery in organized groups. The main risk factors have been established, and their role in the formation of annual, all-the-year-round and seasonal dysentery morbidity has been quantitatively evaluated. The results of analysis show the existence of diverse variants of the alimentary route of the transmission of infection, maintaining the epidemic process of dysentery, and the necessity of differentiating measures for the prophylaxis of all-the-year-round and seasonal morbidity.


Introduction: Citrus is in the first rank in the world with respect to production among fruits. They are grown commercially in more than 50 countries around the world. Several factors such as rootstock, nutrition and irrigation regimes, cultivation design and etc. may affect the promotion of quality and quantity of fruits. Lemon fruits are among the most valuable functional diets shown to lower oxidative-related disease risks, particularly cardiovascular disease. A well-documented characteristic of these fruits is the accumulation of high amounts of glycoside flavonones, named hesperidin in the fruits. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the cytoprotective action of citrus fruits is enhanced by the presence of antioxidants including vitamin C, phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids. Hesperidin and its metabolites significantly have been found to lower the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma. Hesperidin acts as a chemopreventive agent against colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane. Lemons are one of the citrus species having many medicinal effects owing to their secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are a part of aromatic polyphenols having different biological actions such as antioxidant activity, anti-cancer, anti-sensation and etc. Hesperidin is one of the abundant secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoids in citrus, which is effective in treating many diseases.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of lemon fruits (Citrus lemon cv. Cluster, C. lemon cv. Lisbon and C. lemon cv. Eureka) tissue type and harvesting time on the flavonoids hesperidin content, this experiment was carried out. Thus, this research was conducted in a factorial arrangement on the basis of completely randomized design with three factors: tissue type (Flavedo, Albedo and Flesh), harvesting time (45, 75, 105 and 135 days after full bloom) and three lemon cultivars (Cluster, Lisbon and Eureka) with three replications. Studied trees in Kotra Research Station were planted for research aims and were 20-year grafted on sour orange rootstocks. For selection of trees, the same height, crown, and other morphological attributes were considered. As the fruit quality may be differ in different parts of crown, fruits were harvested from different geographical orientations of crown. Samples were gathered after full bloom at the 30-day intervals. The measured parameters were included fruit weight, diameter, peel thickness, dry matter and hesperidin flavonoid in extraction of various fruit tissues. Extraction was conducted by methanol and hesperidin content recorded by High Performance Liquid Choromatography (HPLC). Chemicals and reagents used in this study were high quality grade and acquired from Sigma-Aldrich
Results and Discussion: Results showed that the fruit harvesting time significantly affected on fruit diameter, peel thickness, dry matter and also hesperidin content of tissue extraction. Fruit diameter variation was related to the fruit weight. The highest fruit weight attained in cultivars Lisbon and Eureka (88.39 g and 84.72 g, respectively) at the fourth harvesting time (135 days after full bloom) and the minimum, in sour lemon cv. Cluster (4.16 g) at the first harvesting time (45 days after full bloom). The maximum of fruit diameter was recorded in cultivar Lisbon (54.81 mm) at the fourth harvesting time and the minimum diameter in cultivar Eureka (20.75 mm) at the first harvesting time. Fruit peel thickness at the first harvesting stage increased and then decreased. Cluster sour lemon cultivar possessed the highest peel thickness (7.16 mm) and the Eureka cultivar had the minimum (4.66 mm). Percentage of dry matter increased at the first harvesting stage and then decreased. The maximum percentage of dry matter was recorded in cluster sour lemon cultivar (22.83%) and minimum in Lisbon lemon cultivar (11.36%). The highest amount of hesperidin was observed in Lisbon cultivar (1606.93 ppm). These amounts decreased afterward until fruit harvesting time. The highest hesperidin content was produced in albedo tissue. Lisbon lemon in the hesperidin was better than the other two cultivars. It is concluded that the most suitable time of mature fruits harvesting is 45 days after full bloom. At this time the fruit diameter of lemon cv. Eureka, Lisbon and Cluster were 20.7, 22.8 and 25.8 mm; respectively. Hesperidin flavonoid was produced in albedo tissue in all cultivars. Therefor; fruit albedo tissue can be regarded as the best tissue for extracting hesperidin. Hesperidin was severely affected by harvesting time, tissue and cultivar. Hesperidin was achieved in the most amounts at the first harvesting stage in Lisbon lemon compared to all studied cultivars. As the fresh consumption of Eureka, Lisbon and specially Cluster lemon is few, thus preparing programs to extract flavonoid and use this cultivar in food industries is suggested.


Macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) in tissues with close contact to the environment are of essential importance in host defense and are therefore present in sizeable numbers. Therefore, it is surprising that mononuclear phagocyte populations of the dermis have rarely been investigated in a quantitative manner. In this study, we examined mouse dermal skin immunophenotypically and related the observed numbers of observed cells to the total number of nucleated cells. These analyses show that about 70% of all dermal cells represent CD45+ leukocytes. The vast majority of these cells (approximately 60% of total) expresses the mononuclear phagocyte markers mMGL (ER-MP23), F4/80 and CD11b. In addition, these cells show avid phagocytic capacity and thus are identified as dermal macrophages. Different subpopulations can be defined using markers such as sialoadhesin, ER-HR3 and mSIGN-R1 (ER-TR9). Interestingly, MHC class II expression differs significantly between dermal cells from ear versus back skin. Moreover, we have identified small populations of dermal DC and migrating Langerhans cells (together approximately 10% of total). In summary, our findings show that mononuclear phagocyte populations form the majority of dermal cells and thus have been clearly underestimated so far.


A randomized posttest–only control group experimental design was used to determine the effects of think– aloud pair problem solving (TAPPS) on the troubleshooting performance of 34 secondary–level career and technical education students. There was no significant difference in success rate between TAPPS students and students who worked alone (χ (1) = .747, p = .39, φ = .148). There was no significant difference in completion time between students who successfully completed the troubleshooting task using TAPPS and those who were successful working alone (t (9) = –.74, p = .48, d = 0.45). The reserachers tentatively concluded that the use of TAPPS may not be an appropriate strategy at the secondary level if the agricultural instructors' focus is a higher success rate and a reduction in the time to complete the task. However, agricultural instructors may have other legitimate reasons for using TAPPS such as a way to facilitate collaborative learning or as a way for instructors to identify student misunderstandings that could be used to inform decisions about individualized or even group instructional interventions.


The paper studies financing mechanisms used by waqf institutions in Malaysia and Singapore in developing various types of waqf properties. In Malaysia, the duty of managing and developing waqf assets is under the jurisdiction of state government through State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs). The problem of getting enough funds and inefficient staffs has hindered the development of a large number of waqf assets especially land waqf. In addition to traditional mode of financing such as long lease (hukr), modern schemes and self-financing have been used by the authority to develop waqf properties. The development of waqf assets in Singapore is encouraging especially after the establishment of Warees Pte Ltd: a subsidiary of Singapore Islamic Religious Council (MUIS). The source of financing is mainly generated through cash waqf contributed monthly by Muslims in Singapore. Besides that, a modern mode of financing such as sukuk musyarakah has been introduced in developing commercial buildings on waqf land. This paper compares the financing methods adopted to develop waqf properties in Malaysia and Singapore. Recommendations are made as to the best form of financing that can be adopted in developing waqf properties in Malaysia.


In the rainfed lowlands of South-East Asia, rice yields are low and often respond weakly to fertilizers. Studies of soils in Cambodia and North-East Thailand suggest that a complex combination of factors restrict rice yield and nutrient uptake in response to loss of soil-water saturation. Two significant and closely linked constraints are viable rainfall and lack of soil nutrients. Intermittent flooding and drying of soils depresses availability of some nutrients, even when water supply is adequate. Moreover, extreme fluctuations in soil-water levels may impair root activity, further restricting nutrient uptake. The resulting inefficient uptake apparently leads to weak responses to fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus. Developing management strategies for optimizing the mineral nutrition of rice in drought-prone rainfed lowlands, particularly in the presence of aluminium toxicity and potassium deficiency, thus depends on understanding the function of rice roots in nutrient uptake and their response to temporal and spatial variation in water content and soil properties. This need is particularly relevant for the adoption of direct sowing of rice, which results in a root system developing initially in aerobic conditions, then being exposed to flooded conditions and, during the growing season, returning to aerobic and, in extreme cases, to drought conditions. With the potential increase of fertilizer use in the future, and thus potential pollution of groundwater and eutrophication of water bodies, new management strategies also need to assess risks of such contamination and seek ways of preventing it.


BACKGROUND
Schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (Sch-PAH) may be one of the most prevalent forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) worldwide. However, the clinical and hemodynamical response to specific PAH therapy in Sch-PAH is not known.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the charts of all patients with Sch-PAH who initiated specific PAH treatment between June 2003 and June 2010 in a single PAH reference center in São Paulo, Brazil. Clinical and hemodynamical data were retrospectively collected and evaluated in two periods: baseline and posttreatment.

RESULTS
The study population consisted of 12 patients with Sch-PAH. They were treated with phosphodiseterase-5 inhibitors (seven patients), endothelin receptor antagonists (four patients), or combination therapy (one patient). Mean treatment period was 34.9 ± 15.5 months. Patients with Sch-PAH presented significant improvements in terms of functional class, 6-min walk test distance (439 ± 85 to 492 ± 79 m, P = .032), cardiac index (2.66 ± 0.59 to 3.08 ± 0.68 L/min/m(2), P = .028), and indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (20.7 ± 11.6 to 15.9 ± 9 W/m(2), P = .038) with the introduction of specific PAH treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that specific PAH therapy may be of benefit to patients with Sch-PAH, considering clinical, functional, and hemodynamic parameters.


Patients with lower limb amputations need the help of a multi-professional care team. There is no single professional who encompasses the skills required by patients who generally present multiple pathologies: skills in the care of wounds which are often dehiscent, knowledge of prosthetics, considering the fast evolving technologies in the field, psychological skills, essential to help the patient face their somatic conditions and resultant changes in body image. The physiatrist manages a care team which must prioritise treatments and intervention methods, and define practicable objectives in both the short and long term. The article details the basic principles to be followed for each patient so as to not overlook any of the aspects which combine to create a process which is neither simple nor quick, and focuses on the first parts of the treatment, from admittance until the choice of the temporary prosthesis.


Our study aimed to clarify the seismic potential of the Severobaikalsk fault and to discover the structural features of active faults on the NW shores of Lake Baikal. Seismogenic faults and large seismogravitational structures were mapped in the area of the Srednekedrovaya paleoseismodislocation, one of the most remarkable seismotectonic structures in the Baikal region. During the field trip, we tested the capacities of an OKO‐2 georadar and an ABDL‐ Triton antenna used to study cross‐sections of the Baikal ridge. Its slopes are steep, covered with Pinus pumila and abundant screes, many of which developed into boulder streams ('kurumnik'). The first studies of the Sredneked‐ rovaya paleoseismodislocation were conducted by V.P. Solonenko and his team in 1964–1965. To some extent, this zone can be viewed as a reference object that can provide much information and thus deserves an in‐depth investiga‐ tion using new technologies. Our study combined the field observation and the interpretation of high‐resolution satel‐ lite images provided by DigitalGlobe (US) and downloaded by SAS.Planet. The consolidated database was sufficient for constructing a new schematic map showing the seismogenic faults associated with the Srednekedrovaya paleoseis‐ modislocation. The cumulative length of the ruptures observed on the surface amounted to almost 29.5 km. Some ruptures are separate from each other, and the rupture spacing ranges from the first tens of meters to the first kilome‐ ters. The width of the widest rupture zone is 1.9 km. The length of individual ruptures varies from 5.0 m to 2.7 km. Morphologically, the Srednekedrovaya paleoseismodislocation is represented by ledges and ditches that often comprise complex grabens disturbing the bedrock and slope deposits. The fault structure of this zone is a typical set‐ ting of orthogonal and slightly oblique crustal stretching, but its manifestation differs in the zone segments. In general, it is a combination of steeply dipping and listric faults traced to the depth of 13 m. In plan, the faults are observed to form the systems of subparallel ruptures that mainly strike at 30°. A linear relationship is established between the heights of the seismogenic ledges and the throws estimated from the ground‐penetrating radar data. The former are larger by 0.5–2.0 m than the throw measured from the radargrams. Apparently, this reflects the magnitude of expan‐ sion of the ledge upward along the sloping slope. In the zone of the main fault plane coinciding with the main ledge, the maximum and mean arithmetic throws are 8.3 and 4.93 m, respectively. On other fault planes, the throws range from 0.4 to 4.6 m. The paleoearthquake magnitude ranges from 6.8 to 7.6, according to the estimations from the seis‐ mic rock collapse volume, fault length, and the displacements. Our study of the Srednekedrovaya paleoseismodisloca‐ tion confirms that listric normal faulting is widespread along the western side of the North Baikal basin and gives in‐ direct evidence that conditions for accumulation and release of seismic energy are different on the western and east‐ ern shores of Lake Baikal. It should be noted, however, that in the studied near‐surface layer of the crust, the blocks of loose material may move along the flat planes due to gravitational sliding that increases under the impact of cryogenic processes on the steep slopes of the Baikal ridge.


In this prospective study, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected subjects underwent QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) testing at baseline and after 24 months in a low tuberculosis incidence country. Concordant baseline and follow-up results were observed in 86% (n = 686 of 794) of subjects. IGRA conversions occurred in 9% (n = 63 of 718), whereas IGRA reversions were seen in 33% (n = 25 of 76) of individuals. Of the 10 active tuberculosis cases during follow-up, 5 had concordant positive IGRA results and 2 were IGRA converters. Although the clinical significance of IGRA conversions and reversions remains to be established, repeated IGRA testing seems to be of value in HIV-1-infected individuals.


The role that the media are playing in the various aspects of life is becoming increasingly greater day by day, especially in spheres like social interaction, and cultural and educational aspects of our life. As archaeological monuments can articulate the traditions, customs and heritage of the past, the media can in its turn clarify today's values and civilizations of the different countries and hence attempt to correct any widespread erroneous information. Both the media and archaeological monuments have messages and missions with various dimensions. The media contribute greatly in activating tourist attractions. Media are playing an important role in the growth, development and promotion by creating a better awareness and understanding to cater to the needs and requirements of domestic and international tourist as one knows is every traveller is a 'potential' tourist, It depends upon the campaign of professionals (media professionals and tourism experts) of the industry to tap this potential and convert the 'potential' into the 'actual' clients (tourist). In this world of constant technological evolution, consumers especially tourists are changing their behaviour patterns looking for more "tourist-friendly" sources of information. Thus this paper focuses on the impact of media in promoting Indian tourism industry worldwide.


A series of well-defined amphiphilic star graft copolymers consisting of hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) backbone and hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) side chains were synthesized by the sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC) or single electron transfer-nitroxide radical coupling (SET-NRC) reaction followed by the selective hydrolysis of poly(tert-butyl acrylate) backbone. A Br-containing acrylate monomer, tert-butyl 2-((2-bromopropanoyloxy)methyl)acrylate, was first homopolymerized via RAFT polymerization using a new star-like chain-transfer agent with four arms in a controlled way to give a well-defined star-like backbone with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M-w/M-n = 1.231. The grafting-onto strategy was used to synthesize the well-defined PtBA-g-PPO star graft copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (M-w/M-n = 1.14-1.25) via ATNRC or SET-NRC reaction between the Br-containing PtBA-based star-like backbone and poly(propylene oxide) with 2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidine-1-oxyl end group using CuBr/PMDETA or Cu/PMDETA as catalytic system. PAA-g-PPO amphiphilic star graft copolymers were obtained by the selective acidic hydrolysis of star-like PtBA-based backbone in acidic environment without affecting the side chains. The critical micelle concentrations in aqueous media and brine were determined by the fluorescence probe technique. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2084-2097, 2010


When assayed by the ability to reduce oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of either the Negro or Caucasian mutant variety could be demonstrated in hemolysates only with hemoglobin concentrations below 2.0 Gm. per 100 ml. In intact erythrocytes, the inability to regenerate reduced glutathione was apparent regardless of the concentration of red cells. The process of hemolysis, therefore, appeared to permit the demonstration of higher levels of activity in G-6-PD deficient human erythrocytes than was possible in intact cells. A markedly deficient capacity to regenerate endogenous reduced glutathione or to reduce exogenous oxidized glutathione, however, could be demonstrated with the hemolysate of erythrocytes from a patient with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia associated with a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These studies have emphasized the hazards involved in extrapolating the results of studies performed with hemolysates to metabolic processes within intact erythrocytes.


are those in dark coffee drinks and burnt meat products. Thus, the traditional role of adopting the drinking of an occasional stout to aid nursing mothers should not be discouraged, because of the relaxing role of alcohol on both the mother and infant, the important source of energy to both, and the input of iron and other minerals. Cbarles Hunter, MB BS Anatomy Department F. Ron Harrison Don R. Hutton, PbD Gordon J. Troup, DSc Grabam L. Wilson, PbD Physics Department Monash University Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168


Trihalomethanes formation in a water treatment plant. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), there is a strong relationship between bladder, colon and rectal cancer and the ingestion of water treated with trihalomethanes (THM) present. These compounds are carcinogens to laboratory animals (Singer, 1993) in certain concentrations. The objective of this work is the study of the THM formation in the water treatment plant in order to verify the THM levels reached, as well as the behavior of THM formation based in the minimum and maximum quantities of organic matter present in the in-natura water. Results obtained for two distinct periods (rainy and dry) have demonstrated that the THM concentrations found during the rainy period were much higher than those found during the dry period.


The multidisciplinary study of nanosciences using radiochemistry as probes is not only the application of radiochemistry in nanosciences, but also the development of radiochemistry itself. We report here a new method for synthesis of all-carbon fullerene dimmers, established with neutron irradiation of fullerenes, including the experimental design, neutron irradiation, separation and isolation, and characterizations. With irradiation of nuclear reactor neutrons, we have established a method for syntheses all-carbon fullerene dimers, C121, C131, and C141 that are difficult to produce by chemical approaches. The results may open a way for syntheses of fullerene dimmer, trimer, or even polymer materials which have promising appliacations in various field like artifical photosynthesis, molecular device and supermolecular chemistry, etc.


This anthology of recent critical studies of Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) and his work is intended as a useful text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of philosophy. This book explores the philosophical issues that Merleau-Ponty made central in his most important works, Phenomenology of Perception and The Visible and the Invisible: perception, embodied subjectivity, meaning, chiasm, reversibility, and flesh. Many papers included here apply the philosopher's ideas to problems that have the attention of scholars today, for example, in science and art. A comparison of Merleau-Ponty and Husserl, the founder of the phenomenological tradition, is also included. Contents: "Embodied Agency," by Charles Taylor; "At the Service of the Sonata: Music Lessons with Merleau-Ponty," by Elizabeth A. Behnke; "Chiasm, Line and Art," by Samuel B. Mallin; and more. Co-published ith the Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology.


Powder X-ray diffraction has been used for decades to identify crystals of calcium lactate pentahydrate in Cheddar cheese. According to this method, diffraction patterns are generated from a powdered sample of the crystals and compared with reference cards within a database that contains the diffraction patterns of known crystals. During a preliminary study of crystals harvested from various Cheddar cheese samples, we observed 2 slightly different but distinct diffraction patterns that suggested that calcium lactate pentahydrate may be present in 2 different crystalline forms. We hypothesized that the 2 diffraction patterns corresponded to 2 enantiomeric forms of calcium lactate pentahydrate (L- and DL-) that are believed to occur in Cheddar cheese, based on previous studies involving enzymatic analyses of the lactate enantiomers in crystals obtained from Cheddar cheeses. However, the powder X-ray diffraction database currently contains only one reference diffraction card under the title "calcium lactate pentahydrate." To resolve this apparent gap in the powder X-ray diffraction database, we generated diffraction patterns from reagent-grade calcium l-lactate pentahydrate and laboratory-synthesized calcium dl-lactate pentahydrate. From the resulting diffraction patterns we determined that the existing reference diffraction card corresponds to calcium dl-lactate pentahydrate and that the other form of calcium lactate pentahydrate observed in cheese crystals corresponds to calcium l-lactate pentahydrate. Therefore, this report presents detailed data from the 2 diffraction patterns, which may be used to prepare 2 reference diffraction cards that differentiate calcium l-lactate pentahydrate from calcium dl-lactate pentahydrate. Furthermore, we collected crystals from the exteriors and interiors of Cheddar cheeses to demonstrate the ability of powder X-ray diffraction to differentiate between the 2 forms of calcium lactate pentahydrate crystals in Cheddar cheeses. Powder X-ray diffraction results were validated using enzymatic assays for lactate enantiomers. These results demonstrated that powder X-ray diffraction can be used as a diagnostic tool to quickly identify different forms of calcium lactate pentahydrate that may occur in Cheddar cheese.


Introduction: Noise pollution is one of the most important problems in industry that has an effect on the auditory system and other physiological parameters, as well as persons in noise exposure situations. While noise-induced hearing loss is preventable, once acquired, hearing loss is permanent and irreversible. Methodology: In the current study, noise in various sections of Flour Company in Lamerd estimated via the audio recorder, which revealed that the operators' expression remained larger than the state criterion; hence, the perception experiment (audio recorder) was performed on the operators and its outcomes were examined via utilizing SPSS 16 of version. Findings: Overall, Pearson relationship r = 0.453 discovered among job reports and the performance decline between all operators by significant stage p≤0.05. Moreover, T-test applied to examine noise impact on operators included in boisterous rooms (mean more than 85 dB) also average=26. 71 and regular deviation=11.72 got (p≤0.05) that was greater than 25db (as the standard hearing threshold). Conclusion: The outcomes of audio measuring and T-test revealed that the noise corruption has an impact on the hearing of bodies operating in noisy rooms.


Gammapy is a Python package for high-level gamma-ray data analysis built on Numpy, Scipy and Astropy. It enables us to analyze gamma-ray data and to create sky images, spectra and lightcurves, from event lists and instrument response information, and to determine the position, morphology and spectra of gamma-ray sources.
So far Gammapy has mostly been used to analyze data from H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT, and is now being used for the simulation and analysis of observations from the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We have proposed Gammapy as a prototype for the CTA science tools. This contribution gives an overview of the Gammapy package and project and shows an analysis application example with simulated CTA data.


Building on François Duchêne's concept 'civilian power Europe', a growing number of scholars have asserted the EU's distinciveness as an international actor. This has resulted in a lively debate among supporters of the thesis and sceptical scholars. What this literature has failed to investigate so far is the extent to which the EU is (or is not) regarded as a distinctive world power by other international actors. This is precisely what this article aims to do. Building on the results of a survey on The External Image of the European Union, coordinated by the author in the framework of the Network of Excellence GARNET, the article sums up the prevalent images of the EU in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, Japan, India and South Africa, and at the level of NGOs and Commission delegations.


The study aimed to investigate the effects of climate adaptability and physical activity adherence on clothing behavior and health perception. Total usable questionnaires were obtained from 352 university students(126 male & 226 female students). Results were gained from the statistical analysis such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, t-test using SPSS 19.0. The results were as follows. First, male students showed higher figures than female students in physical activity adherence, cold adaptability, and health perception but vice versa in clothing behaviors related to the seasons, weather forecasts and the situation. Second, the group which had good physical activity adherence showed adequate clothing behaviors and fine health perception, which meant proper relations between exercise, clothing behavior, and health. Finally, the group which had lower climate adaptability but adequate clothing behavior according to the season showed a fine health perception. The relation between clothing behavior and health perception was checked through this.


In this article, a model and solution approach for the design of the block layout of a single-story department store is presented. The approach consists of placing departments in a racetrack configuration within the store subject to area and shape constraints. The objective function considers the area allocated to each department, contiguity of the departments to the aisle network, adjacency requirements among departments, and department revenues. The revenue generated by a department is defined as a function of its area and its exposure to the aisle network. The aisle network is comprised of two components: the racetrack, which serves as the main travel path for the customers, and the entry/exit aisle. The racetrack aisle itself is treated as a department with area allocation and corresponding revenue generation. A general tabu search optimization framework for the model with variable department areas and an aisle network with non-zero area is devised and tested.


Meaningful leadership development opportunities are rare for those working in the New Zealand early childhood education sector. What difference can they make to leadership practice? This article describes the experiences of participants in a study that used a blend of ICT and face-to-face sessions to support leadership learning. For the participants, this approach resulted in an increased awareness of leadership and a greater confidence in leadership practice.


It is well known that many Austronesian languages have head-initial and head-final relative clauses. This paper reports that the Atayalic language Seediq and the Philippine language Tagalog additionally have internally headed relative clauses. In this paper, I first identify the formal and structural differences among the three types of relative clause in these languages. In particular, I distinguish the head-final from the head-internal type by showing that the former exhibit evidence of remnant TP movement to [Spec, DP] from a [D CP] structure, as per Kayne's (1994) proposal for head-final relative clause derivation. The head-internal variety, on the other hand, do not show evidence of movement and therefore qualify as internally headed relative clauses. For their derivation, I propose an analysis similar to Basilico (1996), in which the head nominal moves to a clause-internal position where it can be bound by an operator in [Spec, CP]. Support for this quantificational analysis of Seediq and Tagalog internally headed relative clauses is provided by the fact that parallel structures are employed in these languages for other constructions involving binding from external operators, including wh-in situ and clauses containing weakly quantified arguments.


BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is a malignancy that occurs in cells in the breast tissue where cells in the breast divide and grow out of control, invade surrounding tissues, or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body.

METHOD
This review was systematically carried out through PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar websites in English and Indonesian using the keyword content of the article, obtaining 21 selected articles. This review demonstrates honey's promising mechanism of combined synergistic effect for breast cancer management.

CONCLUSION
Antioxidants in honey intercept free radicals of phenolic compounds which are the main factors responsible for the antioxidant activity of honey. The antimicrobial activity in most honey is due to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide, and its anti-cancer properties are discussed in this section.


We present an asymptotic form of the Boussinesq equations in the limit of small P ´ eclet numbers i.e. when the time scale of motions is much larger than the time scale of ther- mal diffusion. We find that, in this limit, the effects of thermal diffusion and stable stratification combine in a single physical process. This process is an anisotropic dissipation (not effective for horizontal motions) which acts primarily on large scale mo- tions. The small-P´ eclet-number approximation presents also the great practical interest to avoid the numerical difficulty induced by the huge separation between the diffusive and dynamical time scales. The relevance of this approximation to study the flow dynamics within the stellar radiative zones is considered.


Is interlanguage becoming the common colloquial speech in Flanders? De Caluwe (2009) used the four features put forward by Lemahieu (2008) to state this argument. Although Lemahieu focused on Standard Dutch, these features can also be used for research of written interlanguage. This contribution examines chat language of 60 subjects, both male and female, within the five Flemish provinces (A (Antwerp), EF (East Flanders), FB (Flemish Brabant), L (Limburg), and WF (West Flanders)). Next to gender and geographical divisions age is also taken into account. The research is based upon several online chat conversations that were fragmented and analyzed. The analysis of the above-mentioned variants per participant, age, and province gives an idea of the presence of interlanguage. The variants of Lemahieu are therefore an interesting tool, because they provide data regarding how many times a representative selection of Flemish chatters with regard to a set of variants choose to use interlanguage in a situation in which they have the choice to use inter- or standard language. The conclusion resulting from this research reveals that there are indeed regional variants and there is a high percentage of interlanguage, but Standard Dutch still prevails. Therefore, it is claimed that chat language does not impoverish the standard written language, but enriches it and that it rather should be considered as change in progress.


Modern state of construction industry signifies the necessity of coping with technological backwardness, accrued misbalances, low productiveness of construction business and also its persistent unprofitability and high level of conflict character of construction participants. Actual rise of economic interests contradictions caused by a more complicated character of projects, increase of social burden on construction business induced by inconsistent and even fragmentary measures of public regulation has led to enormous number of economic disputes. Bankruptcy caseload of investment and construction companies is at the highest possible level nowadays. Not only small and middle-sized business but also large companies cannot withstand modern challenges pressure. In this connection there is a huge field for elaboration of dispute resolution methods. Shifting towards project financing strengthens inner contradictions in the industry and also causes conflict of interests with banks. Decline of assets quality, increase of unfinished construction volume, loss of partners, withdrawal of turnover capital, waste of staff, enlargement of shadow economy segment – these are just the part of consequences which should be overcome immediately. Systemic possible solutions deal with the use of the whole specter of disputes resolution methods. Foreign experience, for example Belarusian one, proves that non-judicial methods are more flexible, rational, diverse and acceptable for parties in conflict. The most important thing is that these methods of settling differences have negotiating nature and let the parties find decisions with a high potential of practical fulfillment (not just winning the case in court). Experts expressed different opinions on the issue of conciliation procedure organizational form. The main requirement for arising disputes in investment and construction projects is an uninterrupted process and prevention of bankruptcies: debtors, contractors, subcontractors and construction shareholders. Participants of conference came to the conclusion that certain pilot projects promoting diverse disputes settlement procedures in investment and construction should be launched


The atomistic origin of the intermediate-range order (IRO) is investigated for an archetypal network-forming liquid. A pairwise additive potential model is chosen which is augmented with a description of the (many-body) anion polarization. The anion polarizability and system temperature are both systematically varied in order to control the network topology. The change in the IRO is monitored via the construction of Bhatia-Thornton structure factors which highlight the effect of chemical composition and network topology. The atomistic origin of the first-sharp diffraction peak in the concentration-concentration function, S(CC)(k), is discussed in terms of the connectivity of the polyhedral network. The atomistic origin of the IRO is discussed by reference to previous analyses.


ABSTRACT We report on growth and survivorship of two cohorts of blue oaks Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn. (Fagaceae) monitored at Hastings Reservation in Monterey County, California, the first growing in an unprotected old field and measured as seedlings in 1965 and the second planted as acorns in 1985 in several sites differing in their degree of protection from grazing. Growth of all individuals was extremely slow: among those surviving in the first cohort, mean (± SD) height in 2006 was only 76.7 ± 45.0 cm for an average growth rate of 1.8 cm yr−1, and only one of the original 73 oaks had grown taller than 1.5 m while one was still a seedling 28 cm in height 41 yr after being first marked. Of the second cohort, mean height 21 yr after planting was 54.3 ± 31.4 cm. None of these latter individuals had grown out of the sapling stage while 25% were still seedlings < 30 cm in height. Growth of this second cohort was significantly greater when protected from grazing and when growing in the open rather than in the shade. Although growth was slow, survivorship of oaks first measured in 1965 was high, indicting that individuals can live for decades despite significant grazing pressure. Our results confirm the difficulties of inferring age from size of blue oaks, since individuals just achieving the height at which they are typically cored may be 50 or more years old. They also indicate that regeneration, although very slow, can occur in open oak savannas in California despite significant grazing pressure. Whether the observed amount of regeneration is sufficient for long-term sustainability will require continued monitoring and modeling of oak demography.


Diversity of tree species in peat swamp forest in the natural park Baning Kabupaten Sintang, until now unknow condition of tree species diversity and tree species, discruption of habitat as a result of plant. Therefore it is necessary to study diversity of tree species in peat swamp forest in the Natural Park Baning. General purpose research keanekaragaman want to know the level of woody plant species in peat swamp forest in the Natural Park Baning, species purpose like to obtain information about the type of dominant vegetation types. The length of time for two month to study the preparation of the thesis. Research using a survey method with the path system, where the manufacture of the plot carried out continuously on the path to the observation. Methods of data collection in this study consisted of primary and secondary data collection. Based on data obtained shows the composition and structure of tree plants whose value varies with the type contained in the peat swamp forest in The Natural Park Baning, the result of extensive research shows 3,64 ha with 3 lines of observations there were 39 species with a total of 985 individuals. 3 lines of the track I, II, III type which has the highest importance value index is engretak kind (Dipterocarpus grandiflorum) of 56,6166 % and the lowest importance value index obtained entepung kinds (Dillenia sp) of 0,2618%. of old data by Kayoman (2002) mentioned there are 57 types of trees, but that is only found in the current study 39 species only, meaning that there has been a decline.Consequently a decline in ecosystem function that threatens watersheds highly significant influence on the stands. Keyword : Diversity, species in peat swamp forest, consequently a decline in ecosystem function


The Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) is part of the NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), the first mission aiming to demonstrate the applicability of the kinetic impactor method for planetary defense. The mission was launched on 2021 November 24 to perform the impact experiment on Dimorphos, the small secondary of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos. The 6U LICIACube, stored as a piggyback of the DART spacecraft, is the first Italian mission operating in deep space managed by the Italian Space Agency that will witness the effects of the DART impact on Dimorphos. On board LICIACube, there is a suite of cameras that will perform imaging of Didymos and Dimorphos to investigate the DART impact effects and study the binary system. Among them, the LICIACube Unit Key Explorer (LUKE), a wide-angle camera coupled to an RGB Bayer pattern filter, will be pivotal to constrain the surface composition and heterogeneity of the binary system due to differences in surface properties linked with possible space weathering effects and/or the presence of exogenous material. Multiband photometric analysis of LUKE data and laboratory experiments in support of data interpretation will provide new insights on the binary asteroid nature and evolution. Moreover, photometric phase curve analysis will reveal the scattering properties of the granular surface medium providing important constraints for the microphysical properties of the Didymos–Dimorphos system. In this work, we will present the state of the art of the LUKE scientific activities with an overview of the instrument setup, science operations, and expected results.


A simulation study of methods of assessing differential item functioning (DIF) in computer-adaptive tests (CATs) was conducted by Zwick, Thayer and Wingersky (in press; 1993). Results showed that modified versions of the Mantel-Haenszel and standardization methods work well with CAT data. DIF methods were also investigated for nonadaptive "pretest" items, for which item parameter estimates were assumed unavailable. The pretest DIF statistics were generally well-behaved, but the Mantel-Haenszel DIF statistics tended to have larger standard errors for the pretest items than for the CAT items. The current extension of the earlier work addressed the effect of using alternative matching methods for pretest items. Using a more elegant matching procedure did not lead to a reduction of the Mantel-Haenszel standard errors and produced DIF measures that were nearly identical to those from the earlier study. Further investigation showed that the Mantel-Haenszel standard errors tended to be larger when items were administered to examinees with a wide ability range, whereas the opposite was true of the standard errors of the standardization DIF statistic. Some theoretical findings were obtained that appear to explain this phenomenon.


Cross section data have been compiled for electron-impact excitation and ionization of carbon ions Cn+, as well as charge-exchange process between carbon ions and hydrogen atoms. A large amount of theoretical and experimental cross section data have been collected from the litterature, and we have critically assessed their accuracy. The recommended cross sections, the best values for use, are expressed in the form of simple analytical functions. These are also presented in graphical form.


We propose a new abstract domain for static analysis of executable code. Concrete states are abstracted using circular linear progressions (CLPs). CLPs model computations using a finite word length as is seen in any real life processor. The finite abstraction allows handling overflow scenarios in a natural and straight-forward manner. Abstract transfer functions have been defined for a wide range of operations which makes this domain easily applicable for analyzing code for a wide range of ISAs. CLPs combine the scalability of interval domains with the discreteness of linear congruence domains. We also present a novel, lightweight method to track linear equality relations between static objects that is used by the analysis to improve precision. The analysis is efficient, the total space and time overhead being quadratic in the number of static objects being tracked.


Cells are able to adapt their growth to external mechanical strain. A recent study by Phuyal et al (2022) has shown that these responses depend on the heterodimerization of two small GTPases.


This analysis re-kindles the debate on the feasibility of a Pacific Islands currency union in view of the recent expansion and consolidation of regional strategies such as the Pacific Plan and the PACER Plus. Limited consideration has been given to the proposition for a Pacific Islands currency union. This paper exploits the OCA theoretical framework and employs the Gonzalo and Ng (2001) decomposition method in investigating the dynamic effects of permanent and transitory shocks on key macroeconomic variables among Pacific Island countries (PICs). Using newly constructed quarterly data in the analysis, evidence shows that the proposed union of six PICs (Fiji, PNG, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Tonga) do not meet most of the preconditions for a union. However, further investigation shows evidence for the Melanesian countries (Fiji, PNG, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu) to possibly form a monetary union, preferably with the Australian dollar as the anchor currency. Nonetheless, further costs in terms of the alignment of policies by Melanesian countries are required.


Abstract Universities in China have faced great challenges in the past decade, such as challenges driven by globalization and technological progress. This requires leaders to meet the challenge of change. Little has been written from the perspective of educational leadership in Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs). This study aims to explore academic members' perceptions of educational leadership and to explore factors contributing to the professional learning and growth of academic members in Chinese HEIs. Through a qualitative study, we explored the perceptions of 12 academic members from eight Chinese universities. The results provide us with a comprehensive conceptualized educational leadership, perceived effective educational leadership, and perceived need for capacity building. The results can be helpful to support sustainable professional development and also for administrators, universities, and policymakers in China in creating the environment and policies that facilitate the implementation of successful educational leadership experiences.


Query focused summarization (QFS) models aim to generate summaries from source documents that can answer the given query. Most previous work on QFS only considers the query relevance criterion when producing the summary. However, studying the effect of answer relevance in the summary generating process is also important. In this paper, we propose QFS-BART, a model that incorporates the explicit answer relevance of the source documents given the query via a question answering model, to generate coherent and answer-related summaries. Furthermore, our model can take advantage of large pre-trained models which improve the summarization performance significantly. Empirical results on the Debatepedia dataset show that the proposed model achieves the new state-of-the-art performance.


Smart application has been focused more to solve real-world problems like smart home, smart street lighting system etc., but the concept of data transmission between devices require precise attention to preserve security with better performance output in device communication. The blockchain is a decentralized computation and information sharing platform to enable different players to verify on the fly. This paper presents a hyper-ledger fabric-based blockchain architecture using a one-way hash function to employ distributed data storage, to enhance the security of the smart applications, and to improve performance in the computation. The proposed protocol resists to different attacks, i.e., modification, impersonation, replay, man-in-the-middle, stolen verifies, device injection, false reputation, and appending. Moreover, performance results are comparatively better rather than relevant vehicular communication protocols.


Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to genotype forensic short tandem repeat (STR) markers for individual identification and kinship analysis. STR data from several NGS platforms have been published, but forensic application trials using the Ion S5™ XL system have not been reported. In this work, we report sensitivity, reproducibility, mixture, simulated degradation, and casework sample data on the Ion Chef™ and S5™ XL systems using an early access 25‐plex panel. Sensitivity experiments showed that over 97% of the alleles were detectable with down to 62 pg input of genomic DNA. In mixture studies, alleles from minor contributors were correctly assigned at 1:9 and 9:1 ratios. NGS successfully gave 12 full genotype results from 13 challenging casework samples, compared with five full results using the CE platform. In conclusion, the Ion Chef™ and the Ion S5™ XL systems provided an alternative and promising approach for forensic STR genotyping.


This paper proposes a design of a speed control of three phase induction motor fed from wind turbine using genetic algorithm. The wind turbine acts as a prime-mover for doubly fed induction generator. To make the system stable, proper monitoring is required or sometimes an auxiliary system can also be a good option, which can support the primary system during undesirable conditions. The three phase induction motor has wide applications in industries due to its rugged construction, efficiency and low cost. Genetic algorithm is used for estimation of feedback controller parameters for three phase induction motor fed from wind turbine .Genetic algorithm offers certain advantages such as simple computational steps, derivative free optimization, reduced no. of iteration and assured near global optima. The simulation results show a significant enhancement in shortening development time and improving dynamic performance of the induction machine compared to the conventional speed control of induction motor drive.


Exogenous β2-microglobulin has been shown to enhance the loading of antigenic peptides into MHC class I complexes of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In this study, we employed the multimeric soluble singe-chain T cell receptors and flow cytometry analysis to confirm the activity of exogenous β2 -microglobulin in enhancing the loading of various peptides onto APCs. To our surprise, we found that the enhancement of peptide loading on APCs was restricted to a fraction of the peptides tested. However, a chemical component, commonly used in biological research, exhibits similar peptide loading enhancement activity as that of exogenous β2-microglobulin. The peptide loading enhancement profiles of exogenous β2-microglobulin and the chemical are different and seem to be peptide-dependent. Although the underling mechanism of the chemical for peptide loading enhancement is unknown, the chemical is also found to significantly enhance the endogenous peptide presentation of the gp33 protein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in 5T33 mouse myeloma cells. Thus, a mixture of β2-microglobulin and the chemical could have broad utility in increasing antigen presentation in a variety of experimental applications including vaccine-based approaches.


The design and evaluation of methods for describing the diversity of microbial life in environmental samples is a critical step towards understanding life on earth and towards making prudent interventions in a wide variety of microbe-driven systems.Microbes in the environment, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and single-celled eukaryotes, are primary drivers of numerous geological and atmospheric processes, such as carbon fixation and sequestration, nutrient cycling, soil formation, and even cloud formation. Cyanobacteria in the surface of the ocean are estimated to be responsible for half of the primary production on earth. Microbes living in and on the human body are intimately involved in health and disease, even when they are not explicitly pathogenic; for instance, the gut is teeming with bacteria that are essential for digestion, but anomalies in this microbial community may contribute to disorders such as Crohn's disease. Environmental bacteria are critically important to climate change, agriculture, and public health, so understanding them has immediate practical importance, in addition to satisfying our scientific curiosity.Environmental microbiology has long been limited by the fact that over 99% of bacteria found in the environment cannot yet be cultured, because the conditions required for growth have not yet been determined. In many cases, bacteria live in interdependent communities of species, making the growth conditions extremely complex and difficult to recreate, even if they could be determined. Thus, it is not possible to perform experiments on these organisms in the lab, or to acquire sufficient DNA to sequence their genomes in isolation. These limitations can be sidestepped through the use of culture-independent surveying techniques. With the availability of ever-cheaper DNA sequencing, methods that involve direct sequencing of DNA from environmental samples have now gained prominence, and are producing a deluge of data. However, the computational methods needed to make sense of these data are still in their infancy.I evaluated methodological choices required for two kinds of culture-independent environmental sequencing techniques: taxonomic surveys using the 16S rRNA, and surveys of both taxonomy and function through shotgun sequencing. In both cases my goals were to increase the effectiveness of future studies in extracting biologically relevant information from environmental sequence datasets, and especially to head off misinterpretations of such datasets due to errors in methodology that have been overlooked to date. Microbial community composition using the 16S ribosomal RNA sequence PCR amplification and sequencing of the gene for the 16S ribosomal RNA subunit directly from environmental samples is a long-standing method of measuring species richness and relative abundance. I demonstrated that the use of sequencing reads that are much shorter than the gene itself (as has recently become economical and thus popular) has the potential to introduce substantial error in such studies. However, I also established, through exhaustive computational experiments, that a judicous choice of PCR and sequencing primers can avoid these errors. In particular, I found that the region following primer E517F provides the maximum available taxonomic information in diverse environments, and that sequencing more than 100nt provides little added value---a fact that justifies the use of next-generation sequencing technologies that are limited to a short read length. Notably, I obtained the same result both regarding supervised classification of sequences into known taxa and regarding unsupervised clustering of similar sequences into potentially unknown taxa. These are very different problems, so the congruence of results confirms that the region following E517F is indeed more informative than other regions. Microbial species identification from environmental shotgun sequencing The second culture-independent sequencing approach I addressed, known as metagenomics or environmental genomics , does not target any specific gene but rather samples DNA sequences from the entire pool in an environment through shotgun sequencing. These data allow assessment of the range of metabolic functions present in a mixture of potentially many thousands of microbial species. A foundational problem in metagenomics is the assignment of sequences to known taxa, and the clustering of sequences into potentially unknown taxa. The surprising finding that sequence composition (i.e., statistical descriptions of the distribution of short words) can be discriminative of species identity has led to a wide range of proposed methods for both the supervised and the unsupervised variants of this binning problem, but the validation procedures applied to them have been both inconsistent and unrealistic. It has thus not been clear which method is best, or what performance can be expected in classifying real data. I reimplemented nearly all of the methods in the literature as special cases of a more general framework, allowing me to compare them on a common footing designed to mirror real circumstances. Infrastructure for large-scale reproducible computational research Each of the above projects relies on large-scale simulations, which require careful coordination of thousands of compute jobs and management of their inputs and outputs. This can be particularly daunting in the face of frequent updates to both input datasets and analysis programs, requiring recomputation of dependent results. To manage these computations, I developed Verdant (the Versioned Data Analysis Tool ), a system for describing, sharing, and executing computational workflows on a cluster that guarantees reproducibility of results. It provides a means of ensuring that a set of computational results are up-to-date with respect to the inputs and thus that they are internally consistent. It also provides a means of sharing inputs, intermediate results, and final outputs in a manner that facilitates collaboration while avoiding redundant computation.


The case of E-KTP corruption which puts SN as suspects is the chairman of the house of representative and chairman of Golkar party is interested in analyzed based on the field of study of political communication. The case of e-KTP corruption is unfavorable to Golkar. Moreover, the public perception of Golkar's involvement in the case of e-KTP card, Golkar Party is criticized especially, when it comes to E-KTP, Golkar party and SN becomes the first thing comes. It is not good for the consolidation and development of Golkar party to its political influence in future. This study is conducted to know the influence of E-ktp corruption case with student's perception of Golkar party.

News influence, e-KTP corruption, perception, Golkar party are analyzed from frequence, duration, and student attention through e-ktp news shown on TV. Besides, perception for Golkar party is analyzed based on Political party function that which covers political communication medium, socialization and political education, political recruitment and conflict reducer and regulator.

This study is explanatory study that uses quantitative approach. The researcher takes 2014 FISIP UMM public administration study who is still active and watch E-KTP case as the sample. Besides, the researcher also uses accidental sampling and data collection with questioner. For data analysis method, the researcher uses simple linier regression analysis.

The researcher finds that the influence of e-ktp news corruption has t-count -2,985 with the signifance rate of 0,0006 > 0,05. Regression coefficient (b) is -0,456 shows that the higher e-ktp corruption news influence, then student's perception toward Golkar party is going worse. If the e-ktp news influence is increased by 1 point then student's perception toward Golkar party will be reduced by -0,456. The correlation between the e-ktp corruption news influence and the perception of student's influence is 40,4 %. The rest is, 59,6 % is influenced by external variables in this study.

This study concludes that the influence of e-ktp corruption on TV brings negative and significance effect to student's perception about Golkar party. Therefore, the influence of news towards political party's member can be a political communication medium that will trigger people's perception toward political party. The researcher advises next researcher to develop a new study topic that covers positive political news such as, achievement, unofficial visit, official visit, and any related news by using other variable that is related with political party's perception. Besides, the next researcher is advised to use discussion and expert's opinion towards related news in order to create balance and objective result without any suspicion towards several things such as, political elements on TV.


Plasma membranes were purified from purely cholinergic nerve endings (synaptosomes) isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. Synaptosomes were lysed, membranes recovered and further separated by density gradient centrifugation. A fraction was obtained enriched in 5'-nucleotidase, Na+, K+-activated ATPase and acetylcholine esterase. Morphological examination showed abundant membrane fragments of the size range of synaptosomes and few of vesicle size. The fraction has a characteristic protein composition upon gel electrophoresis. Five reproducible major bands with apparent Mr of 100000, 75000, 52000, 42000 and 35000--33000 are found. A gel-electrophoretic comparison with proteins from synaptic vesicles from the same source (major bands Mr 160000, 147000, 34000 and 25000) was made. Comigration of major bands was detected in one-dimensional gel electrophoresis with the 42000-Mr, 35000--33000-Mr and 34000-Mr components. Upon two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the 42000-Mr component comigrates with a similar component in vesicles, recently characterized as actin; the other components are different. The presence of tubulin-like polypeptides is unlikely. Beside actin, all major vesicle proteins are often detected in small amounts in the plasma membrane preparation. It cannot be decided if they result from fused or contaminating vesicle membranes, but since they are essentially absent in some preparations, it seems that the plasma membrane does not contain vesicle proteins.


Triplophysa yajiangensis sp. nov. is described from the upper and middle reaches of the Yalong River, Yangtze Basin, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. This new species can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the following characters: body surface smooth and scaleless; lateral line complete; caudal peduncle compressed and tapered slightly; lower jaw shovel-shaped; head shorter than caudal peduncle; dorsal-fin origin anterior to pelvic-fin origin and closer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base, last unbranched ray hard; pelvic-fin reaches or exceeds anus; posterior chamber of gas bladder absent; intestine spiral type with 3-5 winding coils.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, which is known to have a robustness against multipath environments, exhibits signal waveform with high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAR), and therefore some PAR reduction techniques should be incorporated for practical communication systems. The clipping and filtering (CAF) is known as a simple and practical method to reduce the PAR, but it introduces nonlinear distortion that may cause substantial degradation in its BER performance. The clipping noise cancellation (CNC) is a promising approach that can compensate for this degradation, but its achievable performance has not been thoroughly analyzed. In this paper, we study the achievable performance of a CNC technique for the OFDM with high-order coded modulation with CAF. We investigate the performance of the soft-input soft-output (SISO) iterative decoding between the channel decoder and soft mapping, which can significantly improve the BER performance at the cost of increasing receiver complexity. The existence of the SISO decoder also enables us to analyze the performance of CNC by EXIT chart. Furthermore, the performances of bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and multilevel coded modulation (MLC) are compared and it turns out that MLC will outperform BICM in some cases.


The purpose of this paper is to offer some insight from an evaluation that explored the viability, usefulness and potential of the online platform SocialLearn in providing an online community for Open University Associate Lecturers (part-time teaching staff). Findings from two focus groups and a staff survey highlighted both the potential of an online community and the barriers to successful implementation. In applying a qualitative analysis of the 'Communities of Inquiry' (CoI) framework, the pilot project highlighted the importance of social presence and cognitive presence, with minimal elements of a teaching presence within the online staff community. Key learning outcomes around privacy, usability and multi-level communications were found to be central in creating a successful online academic environment for teaching staff.


Two isolates representing a new species of Scheffersomyces were isolated from rotting wood samples collected in an Amazonian forest ecosystem in Brazil. Analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains showed that this new species is phylogenetically related to Scheffersomyces NYMU 15730, a species without a formal description, and the two are in an early emerging position with respect to the xylose-fermenting subclade containing Scheffersomyces titanus and Scheffersomyces stipitis. Phylogenomic analyses using 474 orthologous genes placed the new species in an intermediary position between Scheffersomyces species and the larger genus Spathaspora and the Candida albicans/Lodderomyces clade. The novel species, Scheffersomyces stambukii f.a., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type strain of Scheffersomyces stambukii sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y427T (=CBS 14217T). The MycoBank number is MB 824093. In addition, we studied the xylose metabolism of this new species.


In the present study, we seek to relate dominance style with group cohesion in a captive group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Social data were gathered on approach rate, result, and direction, aggression rate and intensity, grooming rate and direction, and conciliatory tendency. Data were collected using focal animal sampling and instantaneous scan sampling. Reconciliation data were collected using ad libitum observations of aggression with ten‐minute post‐conflict and matched‐control focal observations. Data were compared to prior studies on rhesus (M. mulatta) and stumptail macaques (M. arctoides) living in similar environments. Each species demonstrated the presence of a formalized dominance hierarchy based on the teeth‐baring display. The Japanese macaque group showed a lower rate of approach with a higher proportion of negative outcomes than either of the other species. Rates of aggression and reconciliation were also lower in the study troop, suggesting a strict hierarchy while maintaining an optimal nearest‐neighbor distance. Overall, this group of Japanese macaques was less sociable than other groups of the same species, perhaps due to a history of individual removals. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The use of microcomputers to carry out computations in an interactive manner allows the judgement of the operator to be allied with the calculating power of the machine in a synthesis which speeds up the creation and testing of mathematical techniques for physical problems. This advantage is accompanied by a disadvantage, in that microcomputers are limited in capacity and power, and special analysis is needed to compensate for this. These two features together mean that there is a fairly recognisable body of methods which are particularly appropriate for interactive microcomputing. This article surveys a wide range of mathematical methods used in physics, indicating how they can be applied using microcomputers and giving several original calculations which illustrate the value of the microcomputer in stimulating the exploration of new methods. Particular emphasis is given to methods which use iteration, recurrence relation or extrapolation procedures which are well adapted to the capabilities of modern microcomputers.


The blends of Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) and polyester-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were melt compounded in an internal mixer. The compatibility, thermal behaviors, mechanical properties and toughening mechanism of the blends were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), tensile tests, impact tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis technologies. FTIR and SEM examination reveal strong interfacial adhesion between PPC matrix and suspended TPU particles. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) characterize the glass transition temperature, secondary motion and low temperature properties. By the incorporation of TPU, the thermal stabilities are greatly enhanced and the mechanical properties are obviously improved for the PPC/TPU blends. Moreover, PPC/TPU blends exhibit a brittle-ductile transition with the addition of 20 wt % TPU. It is considered that the enhanced toughness results in the shear yielding occurred in both PPC matrix and TPU particles of the blends.


The objective was to develop microspherebased delivery systems (MDS) for controlled and pulsed-release delivery of recombinant anthrax vaccine via intranasal immunisation. Microsphere-based recombinant protective antigen (RPA) delivery systems for intranasal immunisation were successfully developed, wherein the MDS formulations produced extremely high antibody titres (over 150,000) in mice after 65 days of immunisation compared with the aqueous RPA vaccine system (at 15,900). Selected MDS systems were challenged with anthrax toxin. The MDS systems, on two intranasal doses, showed 100% protection against anthrax toxin challenge in mice, compared with <17% that were protected by the aqueous RPA vaccine system and none in the non-immunised control group.


The distribution of tenascin immunoreactivity was analyzed in nonneoplastic lung tissue, benign lung tumors, and different types of lung carcinomas. In nonneoplastic lung tissue, tenascin could be observed in the basement membranes of the bronchial epithelium and endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and bronchial cartilage. Strong tenascin immunoreactivity was seen in the stroma of all the carcinomas of various histologic types. The staining intensity was stronger in the stroma of squamous cell carcinomas than in the stroma of the other types of lung carcinomas. In 10 of 27 squamous cell carcinomas, a granular intracytoplasmic reactivity could also be observed in a subpopulation of tumor cells. Similar intracytoplasmic reactivity was observed in 2 of 27 adenocarcinomas and in both adenosquamous carcinomas. In other types of lung tumors, individual cells did not have intracytoplasmic tenascin, except for one case of leiomyoma, which showed a weak, linear, intracytoplasmic tenascin reactivity. In lung hamartomas, tenascin could be seen in the cartilaginous component of the tumor and in the areas of basement membranes of the bronchial epithelium. In the carcinoid tumors, the stroma displayed a faint positivity for tenascin. These results show that tenascin is widely expressed in the stroma of lung carcinomas. A proportion of lung carcinomas also expressed intracytoplasmic tenascin immunoreactivity, suggesting that tumor cells may be able to synthesize tenascin. In the lung, tenascin positivity is not, however, restricted to malignant neoplasms, as evidenced by the presence of tenascin in nonneoplastic lung parenchyma and in some benign lung tumors.


This thesis explores the communication between interconnected System-on-Chips
that process images. It explores the difficulties faced when combining two heterogeneous
multiprocessors to act as a single unit. It also examines the performance gain of the
resulting system.

The thesis shows that not only does the resulting system decrease the bandwidth
usage on the individual System-on-Chips, but it also opens the possibility
of using remote processors for offloading of independent tasks.


The majority of traditional text-to-video retrieval systems operate in static environments, i.e., there is no interaction between the user and the agent beyond the initial textual query provided by the user. This can be suboptimal if the initial query has ambiguities, which would lead to many falsely retrieved videos. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel framework for Video Retrieval using Dialog (ViReD), which enables the user to interact with an AI agent via multiple rounds of dialog. The key contribution of our framework is a novel multimodal question generator that learns to ask questions that maximize the subsequent video retrieval performance. Our multimodal question generator uses (i) the video candidates retrieved during the last round of interaction with the user and (ii) the text-based dialog history documenting all previous interactions, to generate questions that incorporate both visual and linguistic cues relevant to video retrieval. Furthermore, to generate maximally informative questions, we propose an Information-Guided Supervision (IGS), which guides the question generator to ask questions that would boost subsequent video retrieval accuracy. We validate the effectiveness of our interactive ViReD framework on the AVSD dataset, showing that our interactive method performs significantly better than traditional non-interactive video retrieval systems. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that our proposed approach also generalizes to the real-world settings that involve interactions with real humans, thus, demonstrating the robustness and generality of our framework.


Suzukacillin produced by Trichoderma viride 63Cl strain was purified and shown to be separated into two components A and B on thin-layer chromatography. The component A was isolated and crystallized from the mixture of components by alumina column chromatography. The component A is composed of six amino acids, Gly, Glu, Ala, Pro, Val, Leu and an unknown amino acid. This unknown amino acid was identified as α-amino isobutyric acid. It is supposed that α-amino isobutyrie acid is biosynthesized mainly from L-valine by the isotopic experiments. Suzukacillin formation by Trichoderma viride 63Cl was stimulated by the addition of L-Asn, GABA, L-Ser, Gly and L-Arg into the medium.


Building credible anisotropy models is crucial in imaging. One way to estimate anisotropy parameters is to relate them analytically to traveltime, which is challenging in inhomogeneous media. Using perturbation theory, we develop traveltime approximations for transversely isotropic media with horizontal symmetry axis (HTI) as explicit functions of the anellipticity parameter η and the symmetry axis azimuth φ in inhomogeneous background media. Specifically, our expansion assumes an inhomogeneous elliptically anisotropic background medium, which may be obtained from well information and stacking velocity analysis in HTI media. This formulation has advantages on two fronts: on one hand, it alleviates the computational complexity associated with solving the HTI eikonal equation, and on the other hand, it provides a mechanism to scan for the best fitting parameters η and φ without the need for repetitive modeling of traveltimes, because the traveltime coefficients of the expansion are independent of the perturbed parameters η and φ . The accuracy of our expansion is further enhanced by the use of shanks transform. We show the effectiveness of our scheme with tests on a 3D model and we propose an approach for multi-parameters scanning in TI media.


Petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous extracts from the leaves and stems of Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae) were  screened phytochemically and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The extracts were tested against five standard bacteria ,one Gram positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus ) , four Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Proteus Mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and one standard fungi ( Candida albicans )  using disc diffusion method . The petroleum ether extract of the leaves and stems of P.crispum showed  antimicrobial activity against standard tested microorganisms  varied between very active and active whereas the aqueous extract showed lowest activity against all tested microorganisms . The most  active extracts (petroleum ether and methanol)  were tested against 30 clinical isolates  (Bacteria and C.albicans ) collected randomly from the Military and AlRibat Hospitals. The petroleum ether extract and methanol extracts  of the leaves and stems of P.crispum showed active against all tested microorganisms . For the different P. crispum extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against standard and clinical isolates were determined using disc diffusion method and compared to antibacterial activity of two reference drugs and one antifungal drug. The phytochemical screening of P.crispum leaves and stems  petroleum- ether extract, revealed the presence of coumarins and flavonoids in low concentration ,sterols in high concentration and absence of saponins ,alkaloids ,anthraquinones ,tannins ,triterpenes and cyanogenic glycosides. The methanol extract showed the presence of moderate concentration of saponin, coumarin ,flavonoids,triterpenes sterols, high concentration of tannins , alkaloids , absence of anthraquinones and cyanogenic glycosides


TiO2 hollow fibers (THF) were prepared by a template method using kapok as a biotemplate and subsequently decorated by plasmonic Au nanoparticles using a solution plasma process. The THF exhibited an anatase phase and a hollow structure with a mesoporous wall. Au nanoparticles with a diameter of about 5–10 nm were uniformly distributed on the THF surface. Au nanoparticles-decorated TiO2 hollow fibers (Au/THF) have enhanced photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue degradation under visible light-emitting diode (Vis-LED) as compared to pristine THF and P25. This could be attributed to combined effects including effective light-harvesting by a hollow structure, large surface area due to a mesoporous wall of THF, and visible-light absorption and efficient charge separation induced by Au nanoparticles. The Au/THF also showed good recyclability and separation ability.