This paper presents the static and dynamic computational aeroelastic (CAE) analyses of the Ares crew launch vehicle (CLV) during atmospheric ascent. The influence of launch vehicle flexibility on the static aerodynamic loading and integrated aerodynamic force and moment coefficients is discussed. The ultimate purpose of this analysis is to assess the aeroelastic stability of the launch vehicle along the ascent trajectory. A comparison of analysis results for several versions of the Ares CLV will be made. Flexible static and dynamic analyses based on rigid computational fluid dynamic (CFD) data are compared with a fully coupled aeroelastic time marching CFD analysis of the launch vehicle.


The unit cell of the title compound, (N2H5)2[Li2(C6H2N2O4)2(H2O)2]·[Li4(C6H2N2O4)2(H2O)8], comprises two centrosymmetric complexes, one double negatively charged and one neutral, and two mono-protonated hydrazine cations. The anionic complex molecule is a dimer, built of a pair of symmetry-related pyridazine-3,6-dicarboxylate ligands and a pair of LiI ions, each coordinated by two N,O-chelating sites donated by a ligand molecule and an aqua O atom at the apical position. The pentacoordination around the LiI ions is partway between a trigonal–bipyramidal and a square-pyramidal arrangement. The two carboxylic acid groups of the ligand are deprotonated and one carboxylate O atom of each group is not involved in the coordination, and this applies to both the anionic and the neutral complex. The neutral complex molecule is also composed of a pair of LiI ions and a pair of ligand molecules related by a centre of symmetry. They form a dimeric core in which the pentacoordination of the LiI ions includes two N,O-bonding groups donated by two ligands and an aqua O atom. The pentacoordination is described as partway between a trigonal–bipyramidal and a square-pyramidal arrangement. The coordinated carboxylate group is bidentate–bridging, forming with an Li(H2O)3 unit a neutral tetrameric molecule. The coordination of the tetracoordinated LiI ion shows a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. An extended system of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds contributes to the stability of the crystal structure.


OBJECTIVE
A focused review of a selected part of research on phenomenology of psychoses in children and adolescents is provided. Especially the differences to psychoses in adults are examined. Hallucinations and delusions are illustrated in context to the stage of development.

RESULTS
The symptoms of the childhood psychotic disorder differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the adult form. Interpretation of symptoms has always to be set in relationship to developmental age. Delusions and hallucinations are referred to the stages of development according to Piaget. A possible explanation for the fact that symptoms vary strongly according to developmental age is provided.

DISCUSSION
The insight for the development of psychotic symptoms from the background of child developmental stages will be increased. But many questions about the specific clinical picture of childhood psychoses still remain to be answered.


The impact of human exploitation on the community structure of intertidal mudflats was investigated in an exploited and unexploited control area at Inhaca Island, Mozambique. An increase in the species richness in the exploited area, as expected by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, was not confirmed. The log body weight–log abundance regression lines were not steeper nor lower, as would be expected if larger species were taken relatively more often. Species diversity was similar in both areas but species composition was significantly different. When the species composition of the five different substrates in each of the two different areas was compared a negative correlation between the total biotic and abiotic stress load and the species diversity appeared. Substrates under a larger total stress load had a lower species diversity, a lower evenness and a higher dominance. A decrease in evenness in exploited areas was expected because of the disappearance of the larger prey species that are exploited by people. Evenness was indeed reduced but this was caused more by the increase of opportunistic species than by the decrease in the abundance of prey species. These findings suggest that intertidal mudflats are more structured through environmental stress factors than through top-down processes, such as competitive exclusion or predation. Human exploitation increased the total stress load of the substrates and thereby affected the species diversity negatively.


To explore the influence that variations in projective stimuli might have on the respondent's ability to identify with pictorial representations of hands derived from the Hand Test (Wagner, 1961, 1983), 61 young adults (M age = 23) and 60 older adults (M age = 73) were presented with four alternate versions of hand stimuli (young male, young female, old male, and old female) in addition to the original Hand Test. Results indicated main effects for age and gender of respondent, which were primarily consistent with previous Hand Test research. Main effects for gender and age of hand stimuli (p < .05) were also found. Significant interaction effects were revealed for age of respondent by age of hand stimuli and for age of respondent by gender of hand stimuli (p < .05). These interactions resulted in the elicitation of a variety of responses to a differentiated manner than a standard set of Hand Test stimuli. A gender of respondent by gender of hand stimuli interaction effect was also found (p < .05), suggesting that gender alterations of the card may also be beneficial for increasing respondent identification for some individuals. Overall, the results of variations in Hand Test stimuli, as they interact with respondent personal characteristics, indicate the utility of alternate versions of the Hand Test. This is based on the assumption that the respondent will identify with the hand that best resembles his/her hands, resulting in the stimulus performing its projective function to a greater extent.


Results of studies presented in this article reveled that modulation of the immune cells activities by specific nutrients (glutamine, arginine, fatty acids) administered in amounts above those normally encountered in the diet may exert harmful effects on the immune system of the severely ill patients. The studies showed that one of the preconditions necessary to provide progress in treating those patients is to find out more about the impact of nutritional status, severe infections and immunonutrition on the expression of genes regulating innate antibacterial response.


Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a malignant tumor with a complex molecular mechanism and high recurrence rate in the urinary system. Studies have shown that pyroptosis regulates tumor cell proliferation and metastasis and affects the prognosis of cancer patients. However, the role of pyroptosis-related (PR) genes or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in BLCA development is not fully understood. Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the molecular biological characteristics of PR genes in BLCA, including copy number variation, mutations, expression and prognostic value based on TCGA database. We then identified PR lncRNAs with prognostic value based on the expression of PR genes and performed a consistent clustering analysis of 407 BLCA patients according to the expression of prognosis-related PR lncRNAs and identified two clusters. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to establish a PR lncRNA signature and calculate the risk score associated with the prognosis of patients with BLCA. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to evaluate the possible functions of PR lncRNA signature. We also evaluated the relationship between the risk score and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Results: A total of 33 PR genes were obtained in our study and 194 prognosis-related PR lncRNAs were identified. We also constructed a signature consisting of eight-PR-lncRNAs and divided patients into high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival rate of patients with a high risk was significantly lower than patients with a low risk. The risk score was significantly correlated with the degree of infiltration of multiple immune cell subtypes and positively correlated with multiple immune checkpoint genes expression in BLCA. Enrichment analyses showed that these lncRNAs are involved in human immune regulatory functions and immune-related pathways. Conclusion: Our study comprehensively studied the molecular biological characteristics of PR genes BLCA, and the eight-PR-lncRNA signature we identified might play a crucial role in tumor immunity and may be able to predict the prognosis of BLCA patients, providing a theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the relationship between the prognosis and TIME.


Perhaps no other disease or its treatment has evoked such strong feelings as has breast cancer. The reasons for this are to be found both in our culture in general and in medicine in particular. The breast, in certain contexts, is the symbol of motherhood, nourishment, and security while in others it rep resents beauty and femininity. There are equally compelling medical connotations which have made supporters of certain therapeutic alternatives act like religious zealots. Breast cancer has a long natural history; thus, early results may provide a misleading assessment of long-term outcome. Strongly held beliefs as well as the need for long-term follow-up have provided the ingredients for aminated debate concerning the disease and its treatment. In the middle of the 19th century, women with breast cancer typically presented to their physicians with locally advanced disease, not simply with a lump in the breast. These women sought attention for ulcerated lesions of the breast or for painful axillary involvement by the disease. There was no effective local therapy or any useful systemic anticancer treatment available at that time. Attempts at surgical extirpation generally resulted in a prompt return of the disease locally. The futility of therapy only reinforced the nihilistic attitude of the population regard ing the advisability of prompt treatment for suspicious breast masses. The introduction of the radical mastectomy by Willy Meyer (1) and W. S. Halsted (2) at the end of the 19th century not only was an important therapeutic advance but also provided the first important medical paradigm for this disease. The use of radical mastectomy was based on a model of cancer spread that was centrifugal. A tumor started locally, infiltrated via the lymphatics in a direct and contiguous fashion to the regional lymph nodes, and then spread distantly. In its most doctrinaire presentation, espoused by Halsted, this model explained even distant métastasesby contiguous extension. This notion of the disease provided a rational basis for a radical operation designed to resect widely the tumor and contiguous tissues, including the regional lymph nodes. Thus, the primary appeal of radical mastectomy was that it was based on an important theory of disease spread. Secondly, the newly developed method coin cided with the rapid improvement in surgical and anesthetic techniques, which was required if the operation were to be performed properly. This became the paradigm for much of cancer surgery and en bloc dissections became important in the treatment of a variety of other cancers. To disagree with the radical mastectomy, therefore, was to threaten the philosophi cal underpinning of all radical surgery. It is in this context that one must consider what happened when McWhirter suggested that if postoperative radiation were to be used, the radical mastectomy might be replaced by simple mastectomy, thereby avoiding the morbidity associated with the radical operation (3). While this technique was based on the


This research aimed to identify the link between the chloride penetration behavior of concrete made from various types of recycled aggregate from three main sources—building demolition waste (B-RCA), laboratory waste (L-RCA), and precast concrete waste (P-RCA)—and the 28-days compressive strength of natural aggregate concrete with the replacement ration 30%, 60% and 100% respectively. The results of the study revealed that the quality of recycled aggregate waste significantly impacted concrete behavior. To elaborate, finer aggregate potentially increased the inter-facial transition zone (ITZ), which is the weakness part of concrete, resulting in the concrete having less compressive strength as well as increasing amount of chloride ion penetration thought rapid test. In this research, an image processing technique, which is a simple method, was used to quantify the ITZ area of concrete. It was found that concrete with low compressive strength and high permeability values had an ITZ area significantly more than other types of concrete.


A novel GaAs 16 /spl times/ 16 cross-point switch monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) is presented. The switch MMIC incorporates 256 GaAs microwave thyristor devices as switching elements. The thyristors are two-terminal devices with anodes connected to a common horizontal electrode and cathodes connected to a common vertical electrode. Bistable operation of the thyristors permits x-y addressing at the edge of the chip to turn on and off each thyristor. Applications include low-cost low-power high-bandwidth switching of signals for broad-band services. A detailed description of the thyristor device, MMIC structure and design, and simulation and experimental results are presented. Multilayer laminate ball-grid-array package design for the switch matrix will also be explained in detail.


PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ADULT SCALE OF HOSTILITY AND AGGRESSION: REACTIVE/PROACTIVE (A-SHARP) FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES Brittney Rick-Betancourt, M.A. George Mason University, 2015 Thesis Director: Dr. Johannes Rojahn Background: The Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive (ASHARP; Matlock & Aman, 2011) was developed to assess aggressive problem behaviors common in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The 52-item ASHARP has five subscales (Verbal Aggression, Physical Aggression, Hostile Affect, Covert Aggression, and Bullying) and in addition provides a score on the degree of provocation of the exhibited aggression. Psychometric properties as reported by Matlock and Aman (2014) were very good, yet need to be corroborated. Method: In 2013, staff at a day treatment program for adults with intellectual disabilities completed ratings on the A-SHARP for all their clients (n=194) and the Behavior Problems Inventory-01 (BPI-01; Rojahn et al., 2001). The BPI-01 was also completed in 2008. The Behavior Problems Inventory-Short Form (BPI-S; Rojahn et al., 2012a) was completed in 2012. Results: Internal consistency was excellent for the A-SHARP Problem and Provocation scales (Cronbach α =.96 and .90), ranging from .76 to .93 for the five subscales. As for concurrent validity of the A-SHARP, subscale scores correlated with the 2013 BPI-01 Aggressive/Destructive Behavior frequency and severity ratings from .15 to .68 (Spearman ρ). Furthermore, regression analyses suggest that scores from the 2008 BPI-01 and the 2012 BPI-S predicted scores on the relevant A-SHARP scales. Conclusions: The A-SHARP was found to have acceptable to excellent internal consistency, while evidence for concurrent validity of select A-SHARP subscales was moderate. These findings and their implications for the assessment of aggressive behavior in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities are discussed.


Abstract Habitat fragmentation often separates and reduces populations of vertebrates, but the relative effects of habitat attributes within remnant patches versus the matrix surrounding the patches are less clear. For snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) lower densities and disrupted cycles in their southern range have been ascribed to habitat fragmentation, although relevant scales of landscape influence remain unknown. In a fragmented forest in north-central Washington we counted fecal pellets of snowshoe hares to examine the extent to which relative snowshoe hare densities within stands of suitable habitat changed with the composition of surrounding habitats. Pellet densities were associated primarily with density of large shrubs and saplings and medium trees within a stand. Pellet densities also were correlated positively with the amount of moist forest (dominated by Engelmann spruce [Picea engelmannii] and subalpine fir [Abies lasiocarpa]) and correlated negatively with the amount of open-structured habitat within 300 m of the stand perimeter. These results suggest that forest managers will have positive impacts on hare densities by managing both focal stands and the surrounding stands for the higher densities of large shrubs and saplings and medium trees that hares select.


In this paper, the convergence of a previously proposed CORDIC adaptive lattice filtering (CALF) algorithm is proved. It is shown that the update of the rotation angle (which is equivalent to the reflection coefficient) can be modeled by the state transition of a regular Markov chain, with each rotation angle being a state. The convergence of the CALF algorithm then is established as this Markov chain converges from an initial state probability distribution to its limiting state probability distribution. Formulae that enable explicit calculation of the limiting state distribution are derived. Moreover, it is shown that the algorithm has an exponential convergence rate.


Concentrations of catecholamines in vitreous fluid and urine in guinea pigs dying of cold and the effects of freezing and autolysis on these parameters were studied. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Noradrenaline (NA) concentration in vitreous fluid was more than 20 times higher in the cold exposed animals than in controls (44.2 +/- 9.2 versus 2.0 +/- 1.0 ng/mL). Autolysis alone caused an increase to 33.5 +/- 7.7 ng/mL, and freezing alone to 13.4 +/- 5.3 ng/mL. The highest values were in the group with exposure, freezing, and autolysis. Adrenaline (A) concentration in the vitreous fluid increased fourfold (3.9 +/- 1.5 versus 0.7 +/- 0.5 ng/mL) in cold exposure and twofold as a result of autolysis. Dopamine (DA) concentration in vitreous fluid was elevated only in the group with exposure, freezing, and autolysis. The increase of NA concentration in urine was fivefold during the whole exposure (from 19.4 +/- 6.9 to 109 +/- 57.3 ng/mL), but A was increased by twentyfold (from 10 +/- 5.1 to 213.2 +/- 168.7 ng/mL), whereas DA concentration did not change. The increase of average excretion of NA to urine was eightfold during the first 6 h of exposure, and that of A tenfold. According to the present results, elevated concentrations of catecholamines in the vitreous fluid and urine can be used as a diagnostic aid for hypothermia death. Concerning the values of noradrenaline in the vitreous, the increase as a result of autolysis must be taken in account when interpreting the results.


Roundabouts face a congestion problem when there are unbalanced traffic conditions, especially during peak times. The congestion at roundabouts results in long delay times and low level of service. Some research has addressed congestion problems of the metering roundabout, however, few studies have focused on the congestion issues of the double signals metering roundabout. This research bridges this gap through analyzing the congestion issues of the Old Belair double signals roundabout in Adelaide. The research proposes a new analysis method based on a four-nodes intersection in order for double signals roundabout analysis to be carried out as follows: firstly, at the modeling stage, a connection of four individual intersections, adjustment of lane geometry, input of directional traffic volumes, priority and phase time set up are proposed. Secondly, for calibration, PFF, critical gap, follow-up headway and extra bunching values have been applied. The results from the analysis show that the new method is able to analyze the delay time, level of service, degree of saturation and allow for further analysis.


Male Sprague-Dawley rats (approximately 250 g) were anaesthetised with halothane and then killed humanely (in accordance with both local and national guidelines). After cannulation of the hepatic portal vein the liver was perfused with Ringer solution containing 2 mM EGTA. The tissue was cut into small pieces passed though a sieve and the hepatocytes recovered on a discontinuous Percol gradient. Live cells (> 95 % viable by dye exclusion) were cultured overnight in Williams E medium supplemented with insulin and serum in collagen-coated plastic dishes.


The inference performance of the pseudolikelihood method is discussed in the framework of the inverse Ising problem when the ℓ 2-regularized (ridge) linear regression is adopted. This setup is introduced for theoretically investigating the situation where the data generation model is different from the inference one, namely the model mismatch situation. In the teacher-student scenario under the assumption that the teacher couplings are sparse, the analysis is conducted using the replica and cavity methods, with a special focus on whether the presence/absence of teacher couplings is correctly inferred or not. The result indicates that despite the model mismatch, one can perfectly identify the network structure using naive linear regression without regularization when the number of spins N is smaller than the dataset size M, in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞. Further, to access the underdetermined region M < N, we examine the effect of the ℓ 2 regularization, and find that biases appear in all the coupling estimates, preventing the perfect identification of the network structure. We, however, find that the biases are shown to decay exponentially fast as the distance from the center spin chosen in the pseudolikelihood method grows. Based on this finding, we propose a two-stage estimator: in the first stage, the ridge regression is used and the estimates are pruned by a relatively small threshold; in the second stage the naive linear regression is conducted only on the remaining couplings, and the resultant estimates are again pruned by another relatively large threshold. This estimator with the appropriate regularization coefficient and thresholds is shown to achieve the perfect identification of the network structure even in 0 < M/N < 1. Results of extensive numerical experiments support these findings.


This study demonstrates in both stable and inducible BCR-ABL-expressing hematopoietic cells a down-regulation of the major mammalian DNA repair protein DNA-PKcs by BCR-ABL. Similar results were found in BCR-ABL CD34(+) cells from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). DNA-PKcs down-regulation is a proteasome-dependent degradation that requires tyrosine kinase activity and is associated with a marked DNA repair deficiency along with increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The conjunction of a major DNA repair deficiency and a resistance to apoptosis, both induced by BCR-ABL, provides a new mechanism to explain how secondary genetic alterations can accumulate in CML, eventually leading to blast crisis. The down-regulation of DNA-PKcs was reversible in CD34(+) CML cells suggesting that this approach might offer a novel and powerful therapeutic strategy in this disease, especially to delay the blast crisis. (Blood. 2001;97:2084-2090)


John Bulwer's Pathomyotomia of 1649 appears to be the first substantial English-language work on the muscular basis of emotional expressions. Although Bulwer's impact on modern investigators has been indirect at best, it is clear that he confronted many of the same issues concerning the nature of the emotions and their relationship to facial movements, although his solutions to these problems clearly reflect the theories and methods of his time. Bulwer's theoretical assumptions and methods are discussed. The accuracy of some of his observations (in light of modern research) suggests that Pathomyotomia might have had a much greater impact on the science of physiognomy if it had not been dismissed by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century writers for some of its outdated theoretical foundations.


This paper summarizes the results of studies to enhance the performance of Dresden Electron Beam Ion Traps regarding aspects which are important for charge breeding, i.e. the injection of externally produced low charged ions and their conversion to highly charged ions. The properties of the electron beam of this compact room-temperature operated EBIT were investigated via position sensitive X-ray detection. A detailed analysis of the spatial distribution as well as the energy of the X-ray photons emitted from the electron beam region allowed for the determination of the source parameters needed to guarantee optimal ion trapping conditions and ionization rates. The parameters found in this investigation were applied for the successful realization of charge breeding with the Dresden EBIT.


Iraqi western desert is characterized by a widespread karst phenomenon and caves. Euphrates formation (Lower Miocene) includes enormous sinkholes and cavities within carbonate rocks that usually cause severe damages to any kind of engineering facilities built over it. 3D resistivity imaging techniques were used in detecting this kind of cavities in complicated lithology. The 3D view was fulfilled by collating seven 2D imaging lines. The 2D imaging survey was carried out by Dipole-dipole array with (n) factor and electrode spacing (a) of 6 and 2m respectively. The horizontal slices of the 3D models give a good subsurface picture. There are many caves in all directions (x, y, z). They reveal many small caves near the surface. These caves are clearly shown as points with highly variable resistivity values in slices of depths 0.80 m, 1.72 m, 2.78 m, and 3.99 m. The comparison between standard Least-square and robust constrain methods appeared that the inverse model produced by the robust constrain method has sharper and straighter boundaries. The results of both the two-dimensional and the three-dimensional resistive imaging models deal with almost the same spread of subsurface caves in the study area and show a high amount in number, especially in the upper part, white in color oolitic limestone, the second member of Euphrates Formation,  of 3.8-8m depth. 2D and 3D resistivity imaging values have Standard Roof-mean square (RMS) error for large inverted models, this confirms that the study area is of high inhomogeneity. This heterogeneity resulted in a large variation in the resistivity of the rock component in addition to the large spread of caves near the surface.


Impairments of the cAMP system in rat liver tissue are of importance in pathogenesis of acute heliotrin hepatitis. Such drugs as phosphatidylcholine, ecdystene, unithiol promote the impaired lipid environment restoration which makes it possible to normalize the adenylate cyclase system and cyclic nucleotides functions.


This paper presents a method to numerically investigate the microstructural effect on the creep behavior of cement paste at the microscale. The lattice fracture model is extended to consider local time‐dependent deformations of calcium‐silicate‐hydrate phases in the cement paste by imposing local forces. The term "experimentally informed model" is used herein as the heterogeneous microstructures of hardened cement pastes were obtained by using the X‐ray computed microtomography and directly implemented into the model. The mechanical and creep properties of different constituents at the resolution of 5 µm were inversely identified from the fracture and creep bending tests on cementitious microcantilever beams at the microscale. The model is then validated through the comparison with the testing results of cement pastes with different w/c ratios and microstructures. It is found that the developed model can successfully reproduce experimentally observed behaviors and be applied to explain the experimental results in detail. With the method presented in this paper, the relationship between the volume fractions of different components and the global creep behavior of cement paste can be established. The validation of the model performed at the microscale forms a basis for the multiscale analysis of concrete creep.


Cyberworlds of intentional design, as well as those emerging spontaneously, are forming on the Web. A novel information model called the cellular model can model objects and their relations in Cyberworlds from general to specific based on the incrementally modular abstraction hierarchy. We have previously developed a processing system called the Cellular Data System (CDS) based on the model. This time we have designed and implemented the process for dividing spaces by creating condition formulas according to the set theoretical processing in the CDS. We currently take advantage of a useful search function called a condition formula search. Creating condition formulas essentially means that data operation requirements of users themselves can be included into a system as a space on the set theoretical level when employing CDS in business application development and also suggests the starting point of implementing the process graph theory, which makes linear business application system development possible, preventing combinatorial explosions.


In South Australia, the Integrated Cardiovascular Clinical Network SA (iCCnet SA) is the provider which enacts the recommendations and policies of the state-wide cardiac clinical network working parties in rural and remote areas by developing appropriate clinical tools. Pathology tests play a significant role in contributing to best practice for patient diagnosis and management. As most South Australian country hospitals do not have timely access to pathology results, point-of-care testing (PoCT) for troponin and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been integrated into clinical pathways for the management of possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and suspected heart failure patients respectively. Compared with control hospitals of similar size and resources, preliminary results from an iCCnet SA regional hospital showed improved patient outcomes for ACS: 30-day readmission rates were reduced from 10.4% to 4.2% (p = 0.03) and there was a corresponding trend in the reduction of in-hospital death rates from 15.8% to 9.8% (p = 0.1). The establishment of iCCnet SA has improved outcomes for rural patients presenting to hospital with symptoms suggestive of ACS by facilitating the uptake of evidence-based acute cardiac care. Implementation of PoCT equipment into clinical care requires a systematic approach that engages all stakeholders involved in patient care. Provider clinical networks, such as iCCnet SA, provide a structure for effective working relationships between health professionals. PoCT has been critical to the success of the network, but it needs to be implemented within an integrated system of care to produce optimal outcomes.


There are many way to help manage your loved one's memory problems. If their dementia is fairly mild, memory strategies and aids can often help. Using a pillbox or another method to ensure that medications are being taken correctly is critical. Pictures are more easily learned than words. Don't tell a person with dementia what not to do; tell them what they should do. Habits and routines are generally preserved in dementia, and new ones can be learned. Use methods to make sure the stove is not left on and the water is not left running. Work to eliminate wandering and write a plan in case it occurs. Take advantage of technological solutions to memory problems. Use reminders of the past to make your loved one feel more at home. Don't fight false memories. Lastly, reminding your loved one that they have memory problems is rarely helpful.


The role of international cooperation and assistance in the realisation of economic and social rights has not been given sufficient attention in existing literature. It is also quite concerning that, although the impact of climate change has dominated scholarly debates in recent times, most of the discussions focus on environmental and economic perspectives, with scanty reference to its specific impact on the realisation of economic and social rights. However, the fact is that climate change not only alters the environment, but also adversely affects the realisation of economic and social rights of people, especially the most vulnerable groups of society. This article appraises these adverse effects of climate change in Nigeria and argues for an international cooperation approach towards mitigation and adaptation mechanisms. Drawing on several United Nations human rights and climate change instruments, the article theorises 'contributory and legally obligatory grounds' to affix an international obligation to developed countries in favour of developing countries such as Nigeria, in the latter's efforts to address the socio-economic impact of climate change. However, it notes that international cooperation is complementary, not substitutive of the Nigerian government's obligation to realise economic and social rights with locally-available resources.


This paper is a critical reflection on seemingly embedded subjectivity in external examination of higher degrees. The paper is significant given that education is a vital pillar of sustainable development; hence, identification of obscure obstacles to this goal is imperative for an equitable and sustainable education that is devoid of class, race and gender. Adopting a critical review approach, the paper rummaged some related researches that bemoan apparent subjectivity amongst some examiners of higher degrees. Findings show a regrettable and seemingly obscured subjectivity and/or misjudgement that constitute an impediment in higher degrees examination process. Thus the paper highlights that whilst it is understandable that misjudgement or error is innate in every human endeavour including higher degree examination, however an error caused by examiner's partisanship and/or maladroitness in the research focus may be avoidable. In conclusion, the paper stresses that prejudice or ineptitude in higher degree examination should be bridled by inter alia implementing the policy of alternative assessor; checking the pedigree of examiner's assessment experience and an opportunity for the supervisor/s to present a rebuttal in circumstances where one examiner's opinion is fraught with apparent subjectivity.


Introduction: The delivery of health services at mother and child hospitals involves the midwife's role. Midwives are more responsible for providing patient care when faced with high Bed Occupation Rate (BOR) situations and emergency cases. However, several factors can affect midwives' turnover rates in hospitals. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between individual factors (age, marital status, education level, years of service, and employment status), work factors (workload, work environment, and work stress), and financial compensation on job satisfaction and intention to leave midwives as well as recommendations for reducing turnover rates. Methods: This study was conducted at the Trisna Medika Women and Children Hospital, Tulungagung, Indonesia, in April 2022. The questionnaires were distributed to 65 respondents. The research results were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS)Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. Results: Individual factors had no significant effect on job satisfaction or intention to leave. The variables that directly affect the intention to leave (medium) are workload, financial compensation (strong), and job satisfaction (medium). Job satisfaction is directly affected (moderately) by financial compensation and work stress. The indirect effect shows a significant relationship between job stress and job satisfaction in the work environment. Conclusion: The direct effect of financial compensation on intention to leave was stronger than the effect of financial compensation on job satisfaction.


Consider a setting in which devices and a server share a pre-trained model. The server wishes to make an inference on a new input given the model. Devices have access to data, previously not used for training, and can communicate to the server over a common wireless channel. If the devices have no access to the new input, can communication from devices to the server enhance the quality of the inference decision at the server? Recent work has introduced federated conformal prediction (CP), which leverages devices-to-server communication to improve the reliability of the server's decision. With federated CP, devices communicate to the server information about the loss accrued by the shared pre-trained model on the local data, and the server leverages this information to calibrate a decision interval, or set, so that it is guaranteed to contain the correct answer with a pre-defined target reliability level. Previous work assumed noise-free communication, whereby devices can communicate a single real number to the server. In this paper, we study for the first time federated CP in a wireless setting. We introduce a novel protocol, termed wireless federated conformal prediction (WFCP), which builds on type-based multiple access (TBMA) and on a novel quantile correction strategy. WFCP is proved to provide formal reliability guarantees in terms of coverage of the predicted set produced by the server. Using numerical results, we demonstrate the significant advantages of WFCP against digital implementations of existing federated CP schemes, especially in regimes with limited communication resources and/or large number of devices.


Fluvial History of the Missouri River Valley from Late Pleistocene to Present: Climatic vs. Tectonic forcing on Valley Architecture Construction By Justin Anderson, M.S. 2015 Department of Geology Texas Christian University Advisor: John M. Holbrook, Professor of Geology Results from this study provide evidence for two cycles of aggradation and incision within the Missouri River Valley since the Last Glacial Maximum. Timing of these cycles were compared with drainage histories from deglaciation and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) from glacial loading and unloading. Comparison of the timing and magnitude of these cycles to modeled GIA rates and locations suggest these cycles were not caused by tectonic movement from GIA. Instead, incision and aggradation events fit better with glacial drainage patterns from the Laurentide ice sheet. This study also indicates that aggradation and incision events at the end of the LGM to 16 ka BP maybe a North American phenomenon as supported by similar responses in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys. While GIA does not support incisions and aggradation, this study does provide evidence for valley tilting affecting lateral migration of Missouri River Channel belts over the last 8 ka. A longitudinal profile created from Yankton, SD to Columbia, MO indicates the river valley has a higher "buffer" capacity around Elk Point, SD which thins to the north and the south. A possible "buttress" effect is indicated by very small vertical movement of river profiles in the Kansas City to Columbia, MO area. This buttress effect is most likely due to an inability for the Missouri River to incise into the narrow and shallow bedrock valley which develops around Arrow Rock, MO. Valley architectures created within the Missouri River Valley have a similar distribution of channels and floodplain fines as models previously tied to down-stream anchored base-level controls. Findings within this study provide evidence for this architecture being built by preferential preservation within a climatically driven "buffer" system by multiple aggradation and incision events.


Purpose: We conducted a first-in-human, dose-escalation study, to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and activity of TAK-931, a cell division cycle 7 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Experimental Design: Patients ages ≥20 years received oral TAK-931: once daily for 14 days in 21-day cycles (schedule A; from 30 mg); once daily or twice daily for 7 days on, 7 days off in 28-day cycles (schedule B; from 60 mg); continuous once daily (schedule D; from 20 mg); or once daily for 2 days on, 5 days off (schedule E; from 100 mg) in 21-day cycles. Results: Of the 80 patients enrolled, all had prior systemic treatment and 86% had stage IV disease. In schedule A, 2 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) of grade 4 neutropenia and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 50 mg. In schedule B, 4 patients experienced DLTs of grade 3 febrile neutropenia (n = 3) or grade 4 neutropenia (n = 1); the MTD was 100 mg. Schedules D and E were discontinued before MTD determination. The most common adverse events were nausea (60%) and neutropenia (56%). Time to maximum plasma concentration of TAK-931 was approximately 1–4 hours postdose; systemic exposure was approximately dose proportional. Posttreatment pharmacodynamic effects correlating to drug exposure were observed. Overall, 5 patients achieved a partial response. Conclusions: TAK-931 was tolerable with a manageable safety profile. TAK-931 50 mg once daily days 1–14 in 21-day cycles was selected as a recommended phase II dose and achieved proof of mechanism. Trial registration ID: NCT02699749 Significance: This was the first-in-human study of the CDC7 inhibitor, TAK-931, in patients with solid tumors. TAK-931 was generally tolerable with a manageable safety profile. The recommend phase II dose was determined to be TAK-931 50 mg administered once daily on days 1–14 of each 21-day cycle. A phase II study is ongoing to confirm the safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of TAK-931 in patients with metastatic solid tumors.


We report here on a case of recurrent bleeding secondary to duodenal ulcer, de− spite previous endoscopic treatment with epinephrine and argon, which was con− trolled with endoscopic injection of col− lagen/povidone. This is a biological agent derived from gamma−irradiation of a mix− ture of type I pepsinated porcine collagen and povidone that has been reported to improve recovery during the healing pro− cess [1, 2].


Cloud Computing [1,2] is a "utility computing model" (John McCarthy, 1961), that allows the purchase of virtualized hardware (Infrastructure as a Service, IaaS), software platforms (Platform as a Service, PaaS) or applications/functionality (Software as a Service, SaaS) in a pay-as-you-go manner, comparable to the metered purchase of electricity, gas or water. Seen in the past primarily as a means for organizations to increase their flexibility, cloud computing has begun to enter the consumer space by offering solutions to personal computing needs that are based on virtualization e.g. cloud storage. Accessing such cloud services with tablets and smartphones enables user and context aware cloud services resulting in a personal(ized) cloud. This personal cloud allows users to access data and services via their mobile devices which in turn allows time, location and device independent computing. This paper focusses on the infrastructure challenges of enabling the personal cloud and presents an evaluation of our consumer-centric cloud portal (C3P).


. Until 1982, the Guaíra Falls, also named the Seven Falls, constituted a barrier to the dispersion of migratory fish in the Paraná River. The objective of this work was to verify if populations of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Osteichthyes, Pimelodidae) were isolated by the Guaíra Falls. Samples from the Upper Paraná River floodplain (PL), the Itaipu reservoir (IT), and downstream Yacyretá reservoir (YA) were compared by RAPD markers. Lynch's F ST was significant between PL and IT (0.090), and PL and YA (0.112). Estimated gene flow ( Nm ) varied from 2.0 between PL and YA to 8.1 between IT and YA. Nei's genetic distance varied from D = 0.0638 between PL and YA to D = 0.0174 between IT and YA. These results indicate the existence of genetic differentiation and that, possibly, the Guaíra Falls isolated the populations reproductively. They also suggest the possibility of different spawning areas, partially avoiding the genetic homogenization of the IT and PL populations.


Most online services require the creation of a user account and the disclosure of personal data, such as addresses or phone numbers. With the multiplication of these services, the digital footprint left by the users rapidly grows. In order to increase the users' awareness and support them in the management of these data, we propose a new account and personal information manager called APRIM. Our solution logs disclosed personal information and presents it to the users in the form of a matrix. We have designed and implemented a proof-of-concept and evaluated the concepts and the usability of APRIM by means of a user study involving 18 participants. The results confirm that APRIM is a usable solution to keep track of users' digital footprint.


Introduction: Morbidity and mortality associated with pesticide poisoning is a major public health issue, especially in lower and middle income countries, including India. Timely understanding of poisoning trends is required for improved prevention. The objective of the present study was to analyze the trend of poisoning cases in Ahmedabad, India in the period of 2015–2017. Methods: Detailed history, including demographic data, risk factors, poisoning history, agents involved, and occupational influence were collected for poisoning cases reported to the Poison Information Centre in Ahmedabad. Cholinesterase activity and HPTLC method for detection of sanguinarine in urine were used to investigate the agents of poisoning. Non-parametric tests, such as Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U Test were applied to test statistical significance between the groups. All statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: A total 1373 poisoning cases were investigated. The incidence and fatality rate was found to be higher in males compared to females (M/F ratio 1.89:1). About 91.62% of the poisoning were through the oral route. Erythrocyte cholinesterase activity assay results indicated that 41.29% of the cases were due to organophosphorus/carbamate poisoning. Insecticides were found to be the agent of poisoning in 26.29% cases, and 11.07% of all the cases were agricultural workers. Poisoning with medications, household pesticides and chemicals were also reported. Few cases of food poisoning with sanguinarine were detected. Conclusions: The data presented here suggest that pesticides used for agriculture are the major source of poisonings. Implementation of usage guidelines, educating farmers and vulnerable population, and finding novel alternatives for highly toxic chemicals may be helpful in decreasing the number of poisoning cases.


Background: Residency training programs have been impacted by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study we aim to investigate and evaluate the impact of the pandemic on residents as well as residency training programs.Methods: A survey of 43 questions was prepared on Google forms and distributed among residents at a tertiary center in North Jordan in the period between October 30th and November 8th of 2020. The survey included questions that addressed the impact of the pandemic on residents' health as well as training programs. Our cohort was stratified according to the type of residency program (surgical residents (SRs) and non-surgical residents (NSRs)). Statistical methods included descriptive analysis, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and Mann Whitney U test. A two-sided p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 430 residents in the institute, 255 (59%) residents responded to the survey. Participation rate among SRs was 74% (121/164) compared with 50% among NSRs (134/266). A total of 17 (7%) of residents reported being infected with COVID-19 and a significant difference was reported between SRs and NSRs (10% vs 4%, P = 0.048). Approximately, 106 (42%) reported a decrease in the number of staff working at the clinic and 164 (64%) reported limited access to personal protective equipment during the pandemic. NSRs were more likely to be trained to protect themselves and others against COVID-19 spread compared to SRs (57% vs 37% P= 0.002, 55% vs 41% p=0.026 respectively) Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow of residency training programs is very significant, thus institutes should modify their programs to fit residents' needs to maintain education without any compromise in their health status. Training healthcare workers should be given a priority in any healthcare-related crisis as they are the first line in combating such circumstances.


Steel multistorey 3D frames are commonly used in business and residential buildings, industrial sheds, warehouses, etc. The design optimization of tall steel buildings is usually governed by horizontal loadings, such as, wind load, as well as its dynamic behavior, for which the structure must have the stiffness and stability in accordance with the safety criteria established by codes. This chapter deals with sizing structural optimization problems, concerning weight minimization of 3D steel frames, considering natural frequencies of vibration as well as allowable displacements as the constraints of the optimization problem. The discrete design variables are to be chosen from commercial profiles tables. A differential evolution (DE) is the search algorithm adopted coupled to an adaptive penalty method (APM) to handle the constraints. Three different 3D frames are optimized, presenting very interesting results.


Studies performed in the last 30 years demonstrated that a strain of B. tenagophila from the Taim Biological Reserve is completely resistant to Schistosoma mansoni infection. This resistance to parasite infection is a dominant characteristic during crossbreeding with susceptible B. tenagophila strains. These experiments also identified a 350 bp molecular marker that is exclusive to the Taim strain and does not occur in other geographic strains of this snail species. The Taim strain (Taim/RS) of Biomphalaria tenagophila was bred on a large scale, physically marked and introduced into a stream in which previous malacological analyses had revealed the presence of only parasite-susceptible B. tenagophila. Samples of offspring captured 4, 11 and 14 months after the introduction of the Taim strain were examined, and the susceptibility of the snails to S. mansoni infection dropped from 38.6–26.5% to 2.1% during the 14 months after the introduction of the Taim snail strain. A significant correlation was also observed between the absence of infection and the identification of the Taim molecular marker. These results demonstrate that the genetic marker from the Taim strain was successfully introduced into the wild snail population. In addition, a significant relationship exists between the marker and resistance to infection.


Abstract : Looking Glass is a simulation of a glass manufacturing corporation. There are twenty positions, ranging across three divisions and four levels (plant manager, director, vice-president and president). The divisions face different environments, ranging from volatile to stable. Looking Glass is typical--the organizational type, structure and environments are common. All problems contained in the simulation are based on actual events. This volume contains all memos relating to the Industrial Glass Division. (Author)


Recently abstractive spoken language summarization raises emerging research interest, and neural sequence-to-sequence approaches have brought significant performance improvement. However, summarizing long meeting transcripts remains challenging. Due to the large length of source contents and targeted summaries, neural models are prone to be distracted on the context, and produce summaries with degraded quality. Moreover, pre-trained language models with input length limitations cannot be readily applied to long sequences. In this work, we first analyze the linguistic characteristics of meeting transcripts on a representative corpus, and find that the sentences comprising the summary correlate with the meeting agenda. Based on this observation, we propose a dynamic sliding window strategy for meeting summarization. Experimental results show that performance benefit from the proposed method, and outputs obtain higher factual consistency than the base model.


By Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) Project, global surface rainfalls are retrieved from satelliteborne microwave radiometers. We have retrieved from the TRMM Microwave Imager for 1998-2004, from the AMSR-E for 2003-2004, and from the AMSR for April-October 2003 and from the SSM/I for 2003-2004. We combined these rainfall retrievals derived from microwave radiometers (GSMaP MWR). For the validation, the GSMaP-retrievals are compared to TRMM/PR rainfalls, GPROF-retrievals, and gauge-based data


Mathematical and simulation models enable hydroelectric power unit dynamic behavior analysis using computers. To approximate the power unit dynamics as accurate as possible, nonlinear high-order model is required. This paper describes a hydroelectric power unit with double regulated Kaplan turbine. The runners of such turbines permit the blades angle to be varied on the run depending on operating conditions. This ensures maximum turbine efficiency under all operating conditions. Detailed mathematical and digital simulation model of the hydroelectric power unit with double regulated turbine was presented for turbine control system analysis. Simulation model developed for Varazdin HPP (power unit 1) is verified by several comparisons with real measurement results.


Within the country of Saudi Arabia, all early childhood education (ECE) teachers in both public and private schools are female. Despite this demographic fact, there has been little academic study into their professional journeys, challenges, and ambitions. This study brings the voices of these women forward. Through the methodological technique of "portrait" based narrative inquiry inspired by cultural anthropologist Mary Catherine Bateson, and building on the framework of Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, this study explores how six female educators working in Saudi Arabia's ECE have entered the field and negotiated their professional journeys throughout the years. In this study I argue that the narratives composed from the six women I interviewed illustrate the complexities and contradictions that underpin Saudi Arabian ECE. The study reveals the overwhelming influence of patriarchal norms, policies, and practices in Saudi Arabia and how they intersect to shape the capacity of women educators to bring about social change, as well as a restating of what it means to be a Saudi Arabian citizen, as daughters, siblings, wives, mothers, and educators. These narratives challenge the perception of Saudi Arabian ECE as an environment filled with apathetic teachers who are completely dominated by patriarchal systems and unable or unwilling to engage productively in discussions of reform. At the same time, these narratives offer a window into the world of subordinated women and the marginalization of their pedagogical thought, particularly in an educational system that is frequently trapped in centralized policies and where professional opportunity and upward mobility for women are often limited. The implications of these findings for our understanding of the prospects and contributions of ECE in Saudi Arabia are subsequently examined.


This thesis describes ecological and genetic investigations of a hybrid zone between incompatible genotypes in the alpine grasshopper Podisma pedestris. The two races are distinguished by a Robertsonian fusion between the X chromosome and an autosome. The cline between them is usually between 400 and 800m wide, and is thought to be maintained by a balance between selection against heterozygotes and dispersal. The Podisma hybrid zone provides an interesting system in which to investigate fitness differences in nature. Measurements of fitness components have been made in the field across the hybrid zone. Counts through the season, in matched vegetation types, show (surprisingly) a substantial difference between the two races in the num ber of young nymphs: this difference is consistent across years and across transects. Hybrid populations are less dense than the average of the pure populations, but are not significantly different from the sparser of the parental races. Differences in density across the zone decrease through the season, suggesting density-dependent mortality. This is supported by cage and transplant experiments in the field, and by simulation experiments. Less direct ways of measuring fitness components are also explored. Theoretical relations derived by Barton (1983) allow one to infer parameters such as selection pressures from the observed cline shape. Here, computer simulations show that these estimates are robust. Where the cline coincides with a physical barrier, the pattern of chromosome frequencies combine with measures of dispersal to show that selection is acting on many genes, causing an additional barrier to gene flow between the divergent populations. An assessment of the density of Podisma over a wide area allows the expected position of the cline to be estimated. Computer simulations show that the observed position of the cline is consistent with that expected from both direct density esti mates, and densities inferred from a vegetation survey.


Under the influence of significant developments in the area of otolaryngology over the past two decades, this specialty has evolved into a comprehensive discipline of medicine and surgery of the head and neck region. The official name change in 1980 to "Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery" indicates this shift (and expansion) in emphasis. Problems that may now be considered to fall into the jurisdiction of the otolaryngologist--head and neck surgeon are discussed.


The resilience of our continent and its people can no longer be doubted. We have been tested by history; we have survived the most brutal of all forms of crimes against humanity - slavery and colonialism. But the struggle against slavery and colonialism was essentially about the right to self-determination; the right to take charge of the present and our future. Today's struggle is about the right to development; freedom from want, hunger, ignorance and fear. It is to this struggle that I want to dedicate this paper. In December 2000, the US intelligence community released Global Trends 2015: A Dialogue about the Future with Nongovernmental Experts, which made the following forecast on Africa: ""The interplay of demographics and disease - as well as poor governance - will be the major determinants of Africa's increasing international marginalisation in 2015'"".


Organic and carbonate carbon and textural properties of the substrates underlying Halodule wrightii and Thalassia testudinum sea grass beds in the intertidal zone of St. Andrew Bay, Florida were compared to adjacent unvegetated sand flats by physiographic divisions within the bay and to the subtidal slopes of the bay. Sea grass and sand flat sediments were principally fine-grained quartz sands. The mean particle-size of the sea grass sediments were finer-grained than those of the sand flats only in the west arm and lagoon of the bay. Size-frequency distributions of the sea grass sediments were generally slightly more negatively skewed and more leptokurtic than those of the sand flats. The sea grass sediments were less well sorted than were the sand flat sediments. The average organic and carbonate carbon contents of the sea grass beds were 1.9-fold greater than that of the sand flats but much less than that of the subtidal sea grass meadows. In the areas of pollution, sea grasses were absent; near this area Halodule wrightii was the dominant sea grass.


Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with poor prognoses; novel agents are needed for its therapy. Bruton9s tyrosine kinase (Btk) has been identified as an essential kinase for B-cell survival and it is activated through the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway. Btk has recently emerged as a promising target in MCL, as demonstrated by recent clinical trials on the Btk inhibitor PCI-32765 (Pharmacyclics, Sunnyvale, CA), suggesting that elucidating critical signaling pathways emanating through Btk will hold an important key to deciphering the pathogenesis of MCL that can lead to the development of more effective targeted therapies. In this study, we showed that Btk is constitutively phosphorylated in most MCL cell lines except Rec1 and DB SP53 and is variable among primary cells from patients. We demonstrated that knockdown of Btk by siRNA diminished Btk expression, reduced constitutive NF-kB activation by luciferase assays, leading to the cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in MCL cell lines. MCL cells treated with the Btk inhibitor PCI-32765 effectively inhibits Btk activity, leading to reduced MCL cell growth with IC 50 values range from 2-6 uM in Mino, Jeko1, Z138 and JMP1. Interestingly, the IC 50 value in DB SP53, which lacks both phosphorylated Btk and membrane immunoglobulins, is 35 uM, suggesting that BCR signaling is not active in these cell lines. PCI-32765 also induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in representative MCL cell lines and in patient primary cells. We further demonstrated that PCI-32765 down-regulates NF-kB activity through both, the canonical and alternative NF-kB pathways. Since previous studies have indicated synergy between proteasome inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we evaluated whether there is synergism between PCI-32765 and the next generation proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib (Onyx Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA). Our data suggest potential synergy between Carfilzomib and PCI-32765 in represented MCL cell lines in terms of inhibiting cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Both compounds also synergize to inhibit NF-kB activation in MCL cells. In summary, our data suggest that Btk is a key survival kinase in MCL and strategic targeting of growth/survival Btk-mediated NF-kB pathways with novel therapeutic agents such as PCI-32765 should provide a novel therapy regimen for MCL patients. Combining PCI-32765 with the proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib can synergize its effect in MCL and may be a useful therapeutic strategy, particularly for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2854. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2854


Purpose The main aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic differences in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who are positive and negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Results Of the 1106 patients, 248 (22.4%) had undetectable pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA levels. The total distant metastasis rate for EBV-negative group vs. EBV-positive group were 3.6% (9/248) vs. 15.0% (128/858) (P < 0.001). The estimated 4-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) for EBV-negative group vs. EBV-positive group were 88.9% vs. 76.9% (P < 0.001), 93.6% vs. 85.9% (P = 0.001), 96.7% vs. 84.8% (P < 0.001) and 94.1% vs. 90.0% (P = 0.1), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the EBV status was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 1.813; 95% CI, 1.219-2.695; P = 0.003), OS (HR, 1.828; 95% CI, 1.075-3.107; P = 0.026) and DMFS (HR, 3.678; 95% CI, 1.859-7.277; P <0.001), and overall stage still remained the most important prognostic factor in patients with stage III-IVB NPC. Methods and Materials Data on 1106 patients with non-metastatic, histologically proven advanced-stage (III-IVB) NPC who underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were retrospectively reviewed. Patient survival between different EBV status groups were compared. Conclusions EBV status was an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage III–IVB NPC. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) should be better treatment regimen for EBV-positive patients since distant metastasis was the main failure pattern, and CCRT may be enough for EBV-negative patients.


A fluorinated amide molecule with two functional segments, namely, an amide group with a high donor number to bind lithium ions and a fluorine chain to expel carbonate solvents and mediate the formation of LiF, was designed to regulate the interfacial chemistry. As expected, the additive preferably appears in the first solvation sheath of lithium ions and is electrochemically reduced on the anode, and thus an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase is generated. The morphology of deposited lithium metal evolves from brittle dendrites into a granular shape. Consequently, the Li||LiFePO4 cell shows an excellent capacity retention of 92.7% at a high rate of 5 C after 800 cycles. Besides, the Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell succeeds to maintain 98.1% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1 C. Our designing of N,N-diethyl- 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionamide (denoted as DETFP) highlights the importance of a "high donor number" and may shed light on the design principles of electrolytes for high performance batteries.


This paper presents an novel technique that employs both the color and edge direction features for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). In this method, a given image is first divided into sub-block which has the same size and then the color and edge direction features of each sub-block can be extracted. Next, it constructs a codebook of color feature using clustering algorithm and then each sub-block is mapped to the codebook. Finally, it uses the color index codes to image retrieval and uses the edge direction feature as the color feature's weight which belongs to the same color feature's sub-block. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated with the experiments.


A conceptual framework for the consideration of underground processing to improve the economics and environmental performance of underground hard rock mining has been developed from a previous phase of research at UBC. This research included identifying the opportunity for and benefits of underground waste rejection and disposal. Several enabling mineral processing technologies including electronic sorting were shortlisted for evaluation. This project represents the second phase of research into underground processing with INCO at UBC. The motivation for underground pre-concentration is discussed, and precedents for the concept are presented. Liberation criteria for evaluation of the amenability of an ore to underground pre-concentration have been identified. Fundamental design criteria and supporting technologies for underground pre-concentration are discussed, and the framework of an idealized integrated underground mining and processing system is presented. The work is considered both unique and valuable in that the contribution of the research is a feasible and practical new mining system that has been developed from previously vague and disparate concepts through the application of a combination of research and engineering skills. Using the conceptual framework thus developed, a case study into underground pre-concentration has been undertaken for the Main (MOB) and 153 Orebodies (153) at INCO's McCreedy East Mine in Sudbury, Ontario. Fieldwork and sampling, mineralogical evaluation, conceptual process design and costing have been completed, leading to the development of a system design which has been integrated into the existing mining scenario. Mineralogical results indicate that the liberation and separability characteristics of both ores as blasted is good: for the 153 ore, 55% of the tons mined could be rejected underground at a Cu recovery of 97%, resulting in a concentrate grade of 22% from a feed grade of 13% Cu. The system design comprises rejection of a coarse barren oversize at the orepass, transport of ore to the pre-concentrator by haul truck, pre-concentration of the ore through dense media separation and hoisting of the pre-concentrate to surface by hydraulic transport. For the MOB ore, 22% of the tons mined could be rejected underground through sorting at 97% Ni recovery, resulting in a concentrate grade of 2.93% from a feed grade of 2.44% Ni. Preconcentration is achieved through combined conductivity sorting and magnetic separation. Pre-concentrated MOB ore would be hauled and hoisted to surface conventionally using the existing hoisting system. Waste products are coarse and competent and appear to be suitable for use as rockfill or as a source of aggregate for cemented fill. Substantial savings will be achieved through reduced underground haulage, hoisting, surface transport, milling and tailings disposal tonnages. Operating cost savings are of the order of 16% for the MOB and 24% in the case of the 153 orebody. In addition to this, further revenue could be generated through eliminating milling and smelting recovery losses in Cu, Ni and precious metals from the 153 ore: the pre-concentrate appears to be of a quality suitable for introduction as feed to the smelter or matte converter. Results from the metallurgical testwork, process design, system layout, and a 30% capital and operating cost estimate are presented. A preliminary financial evaluation over the present life-of-mine, based on a total estimated system cost of CDN$30.8 million indicates an NPV of CDN$134 million, and an IRR of 79% at a discount rate of 11%. A brief evaluation of operational, economic and environmental impacts at the case study mine is also presented. A third phase of research and testwork is recommended comprising the following key objectives: 1) Bench scale testwork on alternative process technologies including coarse-particle flotation and autogenous grinding and classification. 2) Evaluation of the rheology and pumpability of the pre-concentrate for the purposes of hydraulic hoist design. 3) Research and testwork on the mechanical properties and rheology of a cemented backfill using pre-concentration rejects, and the modeling of the impact of introducing such fill on the geotechnical behaviour of an orebody at depth. 4) Assessment of the long term stability of the process plant excavations in different stress and geotechnical situations. 5) Further investigation of the comminution and liberation behaviour of the ores. 6) Piloting of the conductivity sorting and dense media separation technologies on representative samples of the McCreedy ore. 7) Further case studies on ores of different mineralogy and geotechnical properties Integration of the results of this third phase of research with the results presented in this thesis will provide a comprehensive tool for assessing the feasibility and impact of implementing underground pre-concentration for a range of mining scenarios presently considered uneconomic or technically unfeasible due to geotechnical considerations.


Space- and time-referenced data published on the Web by general people can be viewed in a dual way: as independent spatio-temporal events and as trajectories of people in the geographical space. These two views suppose different approaches to the analysis, which can yield different kinds of valuable knowledge about places and about people. We present several analysis methods corresponding to these two views. The methods are suited to the large amounts of the data.


In this paper, a comparative analysis of existing architecture for flip-flops along with proposed designs is made. Flip-flops are the most essential element in the design of sequential circuits. Due to continuing increase in integration of transistors and growing needs of portable equipments, low power design with high performance is of prime importance. The proposed designs have better power delay product than the existing architectures and also occupy lesser area. Simulation has been done in the IBM 130nm technology using TSpice.


Emotion represents an essential aspect of human speech that is manifested in speech prosody. Speech, visual, and textual cues are complementary in human communication. In this paper, we study a hybrid fusion method, referred to as multi-modal attention network (MMAN) to make use of visual and textual cues in speech emotion recognition. We propose a novel multi-modal attention mechanism, cLSTM-MMA, which facilitates the attention across three modalities and selectively fuse the information. cLSTM-MMA is fused with other uni-modal sub-networks in the late fusion. The experiments show that speech emotion recognition benefits significantly from visual and textual cues, and the proposed cLSTM-MMA alone is as competitive as other fusion methods in terms of accuracy, but with a much more compact network structure. The proposed hybrid network MMAN achieves state-of-the-art performance on IEMOCAP database for emotion recognition.


Quasi-one-dimensional materials are usually characterized by optical response spectroscopy methods, which show significant polarization dependence. Herein, we report a systematical investigation of polarized Raman scattering on the (110) crystal surface of the layered (TaSe4)2I compound. Taking into account group theory analysis of the crystal structure and the Raman tensor transformation technique, the vibrational mode of the Raman peaks can be differentiated by the angular dependence of the Raman peak intensity in parallel and vertical polarization Raman scattering tests. Moreover, density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculation confirmed the form of the Raman tensor of the (110) crystal surface, which was consistent with the result of the Raman tensor transformation technique, and the Raman spectrum and phonon dispersion curve calculations were also performed based on the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP). This new method provides useful insight for accurately identifying the lattice vibration behavior in new 2D layered structures.


A new palladium nanoparticle functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (nano-Pd/CNTs) modified pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) has been fabricated for electrochemical sensing of calcium dobesilate (CD) in pharmaceutical capsules. The nano-Pd/CNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nano-Pd/CNTs composite showed a strong electrocatalytic property for CD. The anodic peak current is 6-fold than that obtained in bare PGE and the oxidation potential has an obvious shift to negative. The anodic peak current is proportional to the concentration of CD in the range of 1.0×10−7 to 7.0×10−4 mol L−1, with a linear relative coefficient r = 0.999 and a detection limit 4.0×10−8 mol L−1 (S/N = 3). This kind of electrode shows good stability, sensitivity, reproducibility, large linear range and low detection limit towards electrochemical determination of CD. The proposed method provides a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor of calcium dobesilate.


In this study, the high rate filtration system using buoyant medium of polypropylene or polystyrene was introduced with the study on its performance evaluation via: (i) specific surface coverage, (ii) ultimate specific deposit, (iii) blocking effect and (iv) particle detachment. The filter system was arranged in the downflow mode with an in-line flocculation. Experimental results obtained were analyzed using filtration models. This study showed that: (i) the specific surface coverage increased with the increase in the velocity; (ii) the ultimate specific deposit changed slightly at different filtration velocities and different flocculants; (iii) the blocking effect was significant in the transient stage removal of flocs; and (iv) the detachment model parameter was found to decrease with the increase in the adhesive force, Fad that acts on the flocs (above-micron size).


D-cycloserine (DCS) is a drug that has generated great interest for its association with improvements in both learning and memory. Few studies have evaluated the effect of DCS on learning, extinction, and response recovery in operant conditioning. The present study aimed to evaluate, over three experiments with rats, the effect of DCS on the spontaneous recovery of a simple operant, and on the resurgence of operant behavior. DCS was expected to strengthen the extinction, and that a decrease in spontaneous recovery and resurgence would also be observed. The results showed a faster extinction in the groups that received DCS during the extinction; however, no differences were observed in the recovery of the response. Based on the present results, it is not possible to conclude that DCS is a supportive drug for learning processes such as exposure therapy.


To err is human, and hence even professional musicians make errors occasionally during their performances. This paper summarizes recent work investigating error monitoring in musicians, i.e., the processes and their neural correlates associated with the monitoring of ongoing actions and the detection of deviations from intended sounds. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies reported an early component of the event-related potential (ERP) occurring before the onsets of pitch errors. This component, which can be altered in musicians with focal dystonia, likely reflects processes of error detection and/or error compensation, i.e., attempts to cancel the undesired sensory consequence (a wrong tone) a musician is about to perceive. Thus, auditory feedback seems not to be a prerequisite for error detection, consistent with previous behavioral results. In contrast, when auditory feedback is externally manipulated and thus unexpected, motor performance can be severely distorted, although not all feedback alterations result in performance impairments. Recent studies investigating the neural correlates of feedback processing showed that unexpected feedback elicits an ERP component after note onsets, which shows larger amplitudes during music performance than during mere perception of the same musical sequences. Hence, these results stress the role of motor actions for the processing of auditory information. Furthermore, recent methodological advances like the combination of 3D motion capture techniques with EEG will be discussed. Such combinations of different measures can potentially help to disentangle the roles of different feedback types such as proprioceptive and auditory feedback, and in general to derive at a better understanding of the complex interactions between the motor and auditory domain during error monitoring. Finally, outstanding questions and future directions in this context will be discussed.


A widespread exogenetic effect accompanying the crystallization of lithium pegmatites is the introduction of small amounts of lithium into the wall rocks. Lithium is not found in altered wall rock around pegmatites that do not contain independent lithium minerals. This metasomatic lithium is housed in a number of different minerals, especially muscovite, biotite, tourmaline, and holmquistite. Lithium-bearing hedenbergite and hornblende each have been reported from a single deposit. Likewise, lepidolite and zinnwaldite have each been reported once, but proof of their identities has not been given. Thus it may be affirmed that the major pegmatic species (spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, amblygonite, Fe-Mn-Li phosphates) are not formed exogenetically. Mineralogically, two types of lithium metasomatism are known. (1) The lithium is restricted to combinations of muscovite, biotite (usually also contains Li, Rb, Cs) and tourmaline. This type occurs typically in micaceous schists or gneisses around zoned or structurally complex pegmatites that contain lepidolite, amblygonite, Fe-Mn-Li phosphates ± spodumene. (2) The lithium occurs chiefly in holmquistite (± a narrow Li-biotite zone closer to the pegmatite). This is developed invariably in hornblendic wall rocks around unzoned, poorly zoned (Kings Mtn. type), or zoned pegmatites that contain early-crystallized spodumene, usually as the sole lithium species, or with petalite, rarely with lepidolite. The number of holmquistite occurrences is now known to be ten, with a new discovery at Bernic Lake. End_of_Article - Last_Page 531------------


Objectives: To develop an efficient and quantitative assessment of collateral circulation on time maximum intensity projection CT angiography (tMIP CTA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Eighty-one AIS patients who underwent one-stop CTA-CT perfusion (CTP) from February 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Single-phase CTA (sCTA) and tMIP CTA were developed from CTP data. Ischemic core (IC) volume, ischemic penumbra volume, and mismatch ratio were calculated. The Tan scale was used for the qualitative evaluation of collateral based on sCTA and tMIP CTA. Quantitative collateral circulation (CCq) parameters were calculated semi-automatically with software by the ratio of the vascular volume (V) on both hemispheres, including tMIP CTA VCCq and sCTA VCCq. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of collateral-related parameters with final infarct volume (FIV). ROC and multivariable regression analysis were calculated to compare the significance of the above parameters in clinical outcome evaluation. The analysis time of the observers was also compared. Results: tMIP CTA VCCq (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), IC volume (r = 0.66, p < 0.01), Tan score on tMIP CTA (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and mismatch ratio (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) showed moderate negative correlations with FIV. tMIP CTA VCCq showed the best prognostic value for clinical outcome (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.001), and was an independent predictive factor of clinical outcome (OR = 0.14, p = 0.009). There was no difference in analysis time of tMIP CTA VCCq among observers (p = 0.079). Conclusion: The quantitative evaluation of collateral circulation on tMIP CTA is associated with clinical outcomes in AIS patients with endovascular treatments.


Peter Waudby's 1996 Summer Project was a simulation of a sheep dog trial programmed in Pop11 using rule-based techniques and the sim-agent toolkit to provide an intelligent architecture for a flock of sheep. It included a user controlled sheep dog which could be used to herd the sheep into a simple pen. This project is basically an extension of that simulation in which the sheep dog is provided with an intelligent agent-like architecture such that it performs the task on its own. 3


A computer simulation of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is carried out to evaluate the impact of nonlinear susceptibility of a single mode fiber on the transmission of a soliton pulse. The third and fifth order nonlinear susceptibilities are considered in the simulation. The results show that the output soliton pulse shape strongly depends on the third order nonlinear susceptibility and gets distorted when the full width half maximum (FWHM) pulse width is of the order of 10ps or less.


This study takes a simple approach in estimating demand for telephone services in South Asian countries. The potential demand for telephone connection is estimated by using the purchasing power parity adjusted income and a measure of income distribution data only for those countries where people can obtain access to the main telephone network without having to wait for a substantial time period. The estimates suggest that, without quantity constraints, the people of South Asia would have demanded substantially more telephone connections than the present, existing level. The failure of the region's governments to provide an adequate telecommunications service, the supply of which is correlated with the level of the provision of other infrastructural services, costs these countries substantial losses in both static welfare and potential economic growth.


We have observed multiphoton assisted recombination in the presence of a 38.8 GHz microwave field. Stimulated emission of up to ten microwave photons results in energy transfer from continuum electrons, enabling recombination. The maximum electron energy loss is far greater than the 2Up predicted by the standard "simpleman's" model. The data are well reproduced by both an approximate analytic expression and numerical simulations in which the combined Coulomb and radiation fields are taken into account.


Polymyositis-dermatomyositis (PM-DM) is an inflammatory disease of muscle and skin mediated by autoimmune and cellular events. Most typically, muscle weakness is the usual presentation. This review emphasizes that often the systemic components of this disease may mask the usual presentation and actually may be the presenting and only manifestations; more often than not they are the causes of increased morbidity and mortality. In particular, the cardiopulmonary manifestations may dominate the disease course. Cardiac complications include congestive heart failure resulting from a primary cardiomyopathy, disrhythmias and atrioventricular conduction disturbances, sick sinus syndrome, and cor pulmonale either secondary to interstitial lung disease (ILD) or primary pulmonary artery hypertension. Recurrent aspiration pneumonia results from pharyngeal muscle involvement by the myositic process. Several histologic patterns of ILD can emerge with varying outcomes and responses to immunosuppresive therapy. Involvement of the muscles of respiration can lead to hypercapnic respiratory failure, diaphragmatic dysfunction, hypostatic pneumonia, and restrictive lung disease.


Jerome K. Vanclay Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia Abstract A model is proposed that will allow forest and land use policy options to be explored in a repeatable, objective and quantitative way. Construction and use of the model should lead to a better understanding of spatial and temporal land use patterns. It will provide detailed spatially-explicit data on a range of parameters to enable rigorous testing and offer insights for further development. The model is based on the assumption that land use patterns ultimately are shaped by individuals who make rational decisions based on available information, obligations and expectations (social as well as economic). Since these decisions are rational, they, and the resulting land use patterns, can be modelled and predicted. In making these decisions, individuals balance the anticipated returns and risks, and individual strategies (i.e. emphasis on profit-maximization or risk minimization) reflect status and security. Important inputs to the model include spatial (land tenure, topography, soils), social (demography, clan obligations, cultural traditions), and economic data (crop yields, market prices, transport costs). Land use is not an input to the model, but the model can predict spatially-explicit land use patterns. Thus land use predictions may provide a robust way to test the model. The model can be implemented in a hierarchical way, so that it can operate at the village, provincial or national scale, with the detail of inputs and outputs varying accordingly.


Providing sanitation to rural areas in Ghana remains
a huge challenge. Government funding is scarce while many
international donor projects are ineffective. This thesis explores
the difficulties with rural sanitation projects through the
implementation of two pilot projects based on a co-evolutionary
design and planning process. Additionally, qualitative and
quantitative information provided by an NGO partner field surveys
in the Northern Region, Ghana, as well as relevant literature are
presented and analyzed. Two pilot Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan)
latrine designs were tested on the ground by MIT researchers during
January 2011. The pilot EcoSan latrines are cheaper than single-pit
Ventilated- Improved-Pit (VIP) latrines built in Northern Region,
Ghana. The Bin-Bin design and the Pure Home Water design have a
construction cost of GHS 537 (USD $384) and GHS 943 (USD $674)
respectively. However, social acceptability of EcoSan technology
remains uncertain. In an assessment matrix, which includes five
different latrine designs, the Bin-Bin and Sanergy latrine designs
receive the highest scores (19 out of 27) for a given set of design
and evaluation criteria. Potential areas for cost reductions and
design improvements are identified. The following is recommended
for organizations working in sanitation in rural Ghana: e Shift
away from heavily subsidized, top-down sanitation projects:
Investigate the local demand and willingness to pay for latrines
and experiment with for-profit models such as the Sanergy/Easy
Latrine models. * Investigate low-cost building materials and
supply chains that can reduce latrine costs: Pilot and test
rammed-earth blocks, mud-bricks and any other suitable,
locally-available building materials. Investigate centralized
latrine manufacturing processes. * Explore innovative design
options: Move away from single-pit VIP latrine designs; Pilot and
scale-up other designs, including the Bin-Bin, Sanergy and Easy
latrines, in order to assess their social acceptability and costs.
e Consolidate the work of organizations involved with sanitation:
Create an easily accessible online database that summarizes various
sanitation projects conducted by different organizations in Ghana
to allow for effective collaboration and
idea-sharing.


The present work shows the results of the psychometric properties study of the Female Attitude towards Surrogacy Scale. The definition of the term is discussed, as well as the implications of the procedure, both for the surrogate mother and for the intended parents. The progress that surrogacy has had in Puerto Rico and the need for future investigations is presented. The procedure consisted of presenting an educational document on the topic to a sample of Puerto Rican females, 21 years of age or older, selected by availability and administering an attitude questionnaire on surrogacy. The results of this investigation will serve as the foudation to develop public policies, in addition to a surrogacy education program for the general public.


In \cite{ntcz1} we defined the concept of $\omega$-labeled tree as a binary, ordered and labeled tree with several features concerning the labels and order between the direct descendants of a node. In \cite{ntcz2} we introduced an equivalence relation $\simeq$ on the set $OBT(\omega)$ of $\omega$-trees and a partial order on the factor set $OBT(\omega)/_{\simeq}$. In this paper we decompose the factor set $OBT(\omega)/_{\simeq}$ into disjoint "local" subsets $K$, we show that if the relation defined by the mapping $\omega$ is a noetherian one then every local subset $K$ has a greatest element, we define an increasing operator on the set $OBT(\omega)/_{\simeq}$, which allows to obtain the greatest element of a local subset.  In order to relieve the local features of a subset $K$ we give an example which shows that the greatest element of $K$ is not necessarily a maximal element of the factor set.


ABSTRACT Peri-implant diseases, caused by bacteria from biofilm related to dental implants, are one of the main causes of late loss of implants. In this sense, peri-implant diseases are divided into peri-implant mucositis, when it affects only the soft tissues, and peri-implantitis, when there is a bone involvement, which can lead to the failure of dental implant therapy. Thus, biofilm removal is essential for peri-implant health, allowing long-term success in implant therapy. To improve the visualization of oral biofilm, which is usually transparent or colorless, disclosing agents have been routinely used. However, disclosing agents have allergenic potential and can cause staining extrinsically in restorative and prosthetic materials, leading to aesthetic impairment. Thus, the use of fluorescence has been studied as an alternative for visualization of oral biofilm. Therefore, this report describes the use of wide-field optical fluorescence for visualization of oral biofilm associated with implants and teeth, in a routine appointment and follow-up of a partially edentulous patient with peri-implant mucositis. In addition, this report showed wide-field optical fluorescence can be used in a clinical routine of care of patients with dental implants. In this sense, wide-field optical fluorescence allowed easy and immediate visualization of the mature oral biofilm for its adequate removal, evaluation of the quality of restoration to sealing of screw access-hole of implant and identification of cariogenic lesions, without risk of allergic reactions or staining of prostheses and restorations.


We investigated the species composition and distribution of fish larvae surrounding the upwelling zone in the waters of northeastern Taiwan in July 2011. The surface water had higher temperatures (25.7°C-28.3°C) and lower salinity (33.67-34.05 psu) than did lower water columns. A divergent trend was observed between temperature and salinity in the waters above 80 m. Moreover, we identified a cold-core eddy at the upwelling of the Kuroshio subsurface at waters approximately 60 m beneath the surface. In total, 1834 fish larvae were collected from eight stations; 85 taxa contributing to 60 families were identified. The abundance of fish larvae varied among stations. The five predominant larval taxa, which constituted 50% of the total fish larvae, were Auxis spp. (30.14%), Sciaenidae spp. (6.73%), Decapterus spp. (6.29%), Champsodon spp. (5.52%), and Gobiidae spp. (4.83%). Higher diversity and lower evenness index values were recorded in areas of high temperature and low salinity. Two larval fish assemblages, Mixed Coastal Group and Upwelling Group, were identified from a cluster analysis. Mixed Coastal Group exhibited higher density, higher temperature, and lower salinity than Upwelling Group did. Thus, in general, the density, spatial distribution, composition, and diversity of fish larvae differed, and the salinity at the 20-m layer exerted a more substantial effect on larval distribution in this study.


Female noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to single doses of 0.28, 0.56, and 0.85 gray (Gy = 1 J/kg or 100 rads) of X-rays or 0.001, 0.004, 0.016, and 0.064 Gy of 430-keV neutrons at 62 +/- 1 days of age and were then observed over the rest of their lives for the appearance of mammary neoplasia. As mammary neoplasms were detected, they were removed and given a classification of adenocarcinoma(s) (AC) or fibroadenoma(s) (FA) after microscopic study. All irradiated groups exhibited an increased incidence of mammary neoplasia. The tumor rate increased steeply with age of the animals, and the effect of the irradiation could be adequately described as a forward shift in time of the spontaneous incidence. The cumulative prevalence was derived from first neoplasms only, and a formalism was presented that makes it possible to derive the integral tumor rate from all neoplasms in all animals. Mortality-corrected cumulative prevalences and integral tumor rates as a function of age were given for the different doses and separately for FA and AC. The mammary FA response and the total mammary neoplastic response (including both FA and AC) were approximately proportional to the absorbed dose of X-rays or the square root of the neutron dose. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the neutrons increased with decreasing dose and reached values exceeding 100 at a neutron dose of 1 mGy; the single dose of 1 mGy of neutrons produced a significant increase of the tumor rate that corresponded to a foward shift or roughly 35 days of the spontaneous incidence. The AC, taken separately, were subject to considerable statistical uncertainties due to their small numbers. However, their RBE-dose dependence was consistent with that for the FA and, even at the highest dose studied, the RBE value exceeded 10. The nonrandom development of multiple FA within individual animals appeared to be the result of differences in susceptibility to radiation. However, mammary FA and AC within individual animals were not statistically correlated.


While most mortality rates have decreased in the US, maternal mortality has increased and is among the highest of any OECD nation. Extensive public health research is ongoing to better understand the characteristics of communities with relatively high or low rates. In this work, we explore the role that social media language can play in providing insights into such community characteristics. Analyzing pregnancy-related tweets generated in US counties, we reveal a diverse set of latent topics including Morning Sickness, Celebrity Pregnancies, and Abortion Rights. We find that rates of mentioning these topics on Twitter predicts maternal mortality rates with higher accuracy than standard socioeconomic and risk variables such as income, race, and access to health-care, holding even after reducing the analysis to six topics chosen for their interpretability and connections to known risk factors. We then investigate psychological dimensions of community language, finding the use of less trustful, more stressed, and more negative affective language is significantly associated with higher mortality rates, while trust and negative affect also explain a significant portion of racial disparities in maternal mortality. We discuss the potential for these insights to inform actionable health interventions at the community-level.