An emerging body of research suggests that psychedelic experiences can change users' religious or metaphysical beliefs. Here I explore issues concerning psychedelic-induced belief change via a critique of some recent arguments by Wayne Glausser. Two scientific studies seem to show that
 psychedelic experiences can convert atheists to belief in God, but Glausser holds that academic and popular discussions of these studies are misleading. I offer a different analysis of the relevant findings, attempting to preserve the insights of Glausser's critique while setting the record
 straight on some important points. For one thing, the studies provide stronger evidence for atheist 'deconversion' than Glausser allows. For another, Glausser's arguments against the 'Metaphysical Belief Theory' of psychedelic therapy involve scientifically dubious claims and inferences. Finally,
 in evaluating this theory, we ought to focus on its strongest version, which posits belief shifts from metaphysical naturalism to nonnaturalism, rather than from atheism to classical monotheism.


For a compact Riemannian manifold $(\Omega, g)$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Omega$, we explicitly give local representation and full symbol expression for the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $\Xi_g$ by factorizing an equivalent elastic equation. We prove that for a strong convex or extendable real-analytic manifold $\Omega$ with boundary, the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map $\Xi_g$ uniquely determines metric $g$ of $\Omega$ in the sense of isometry. We also give a procedure by which we can explicitly calculate all coefficients $a_0, a_1 \cdots, a_{n-1}$ of the asymptotic expansion $\sum_{k=1}^\infty e^{-t \tau_k}\sim \sum\limits_{m=0}^{n-1} a_m t^{m+1-n} +o(1)$ as $t\to 0^+$, where $\tau_k$ is the $k$-th eigenvalue of the elastic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (i.e., $k$-th elastic Steklov eigenvalue). The coefficients $a_m$ are spectral invariants and provide precise information for the boundary volume ${\mbox{vol}} (\partial \Omega)$ of the elastic medium $\Omega$ and the total mean curvature as well as other total curvatures of the boundary $\partial \Omega$. These conclusions give answer to two open problems.


Plants constituents are a reliable source of the remedial need of humanity for ages by being the basis of the traditional medicinal system and often serving as the prototype for designing modern medicine. Several plants are used in traditional medicine for ages without proper administration guidelines in terms of dosages. Several toxicological analyses revealed side-effects of such therapies beyond a specific dose. One such plant is Alstonia scholaris, widely used in numerous traditional medicines to treat diseases like ulcers, asthma, diabetes, etc. The present study investigated the neurotoxic effect of the plant extract through oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. The treated mice showed anxiety, neophobic and depression-like properties compared to control mice. The biochemical parameters show an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration while decreasing the total protein content in different brain regions of treated mice. The Glutathione Reductase (GR) activity shows an increase in treated mice compared to the control one. The study indicates that Alstonia scholaris may cause severe damage to the central nervous system when administered without a proper guideline.


Many students at tertiary institutions are young adults and feel more concerned about their future, getting a job and continuing higher education. Therefore, the need to provide guidance services to student-teachers to be able to overcome psycho-social, educational and career challenges that may arise during training in Colleges of Education. The purpose of this study was to find out guidance services availability to student-teachers in Colleges of Education in the Volta Region of Ghana. This study utilized a descriptive survey design. Sample of 346 respondents was selected using purposive, quota, convenience and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected with questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.89.Frequency counts and percentages were used to analyse the research questions. The findings revealed that guidance services were provided to a lesser extent. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made based on the findings in the Colleges of Education. Keyword: Guidance services; Colleges of Education; Availability, Student-Teachers, Guidance and Counselling.


This study utilized the oil derived from fish waste as raw material. Biodiesel production from fish waste oil was carried out using a catalytic reaction with two stages processes: esterification and transesterification. The first step was the esterification process using an acid catalyst (H2SO4) to reduce the free acid content in waste fish oil. Then, it was followed by transesterification in the second step using alkaline catalyst (NaOH or KOH) to convert the oil into biodiesel. In the esterification reaction,waste fish oil was reacted with methanol at 60 °C and 2% H2SO4 catalyst in a three-neck flask apparatus for various times (2, 3, 4 hours) with various stirring speeds (500, 600, 700 rpm) and temperatures ( 50, 60, 70 °C). The results of esterification were used for transesterification. It was mixed with methanol (molar ratio 1: 6), 2% NaOH catalyst in a three-neck flask apparatus. The optimum conversion 66.09% was obtained at 60 ° C for 4 hours. The effect of stirring speed shows that at the speed of 700 rpm for 4 hours, the maximum conversion 68.03% was obtained. The effect of alkaline catalyst types showed that optimum conversion was obtained using KOH (88.99%).


BZIP are a class of dimeric sequence specific DNA-binding proteins, is bipartite in structure containing region of enriched basic amino acids which is adjacent to leucine zippers. It is characterized by several leucine residues regularly spaced at seven amino acid intervals, basic region directly contacts with DNA. The leucine zipper mediates heterodimerization and homodimerization of protein monomers through parallel interactions which is unique to eukaryotes. The plant Arabidopsis thaliana genome shows 67 BZIP proteins. We have predicted dimeric properties of alpha helical leucine zipper and coiled coil structure of BZIP proteins in plants. In this analysis the length of leucine zippers, placement of asparagines in the hydrophobic interface and presence of interhelical electrostatic interactions were focused. Phylogenetic tree was also constructed by studying evolutionary relationship of BZIB existing among the plants.


Purpose: Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoking is associated with higher rates and severity of food insecurity but do not address how population-level smoking rates change in response to changes in food security. Design: Trend analysis of serial cross-sectional data. Setting: Data from a representative survey of US households. Participants: Adults within households participating in both the Food Security Supplement and Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey during 5 overlapping administrations from 1998 to 2011. Measures: A "current smoker" is defined as someone who indicated that they currently smoke on "some days" or "every day." A household's food security is coded as "secure" or "insecure," according to responses to a food security scale, interpreted using a US Department of Agriculture standard. Analysis: Descriptive comparison of the roughly triennial trends in the prevalence of food insecurity and current smoking from 1998 to 2011. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity increased by 30% among adults overall versus 54% among current smokers, with most of the changes occurring following the economic recession of 2008 and 2009. Over this same period, the prevalence of current smoking declined by 33% among food-secure adults and only 14% among food-insecure adults. Conclusion: Food insecurity increased more markedly among adult smokers than nonsmokers, and the prevalence of smoking declined more slowly in food-insecure households, indicating that more low-income smokers are facing hunger, which may at least partly be due to buying cigarettes.


ABSTRACT
Glioblastoma is a deadly disease that has not shown improvement despite the development of new diagnostic tools and innovative targeted therapies. This grim outcome is mainly related to a complex intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity resulting from severe genetic instability. Understanding glioblastoma biology may establish a foundation to improve prophylaxis, early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction, thus leading to a better outcome. Recent advances in technologies such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have led to unprecedented discoveries of potential prognostic and predictive markers. Several of these biomarkers are in deep need of validation to be used in clinical routine. In this chapter, we will discuss the most accomplished recent advances in the genomics of glioblastoma and insight into personalized medicine using validated, and not yet validated, biomarkers that may have great potential to improve patients' outcomes.


"The upper limbs have developed in man as a means to move into position and to stabilize the hands so that they may be used to the best advantage in all activities of life." With this introduction Mrs. Jones emphasizes the importance of the hands. At Farnham Park Recuperative Home, very comprehensive studies of primary lesions and secondary disabilities have been made. These reveal that even "though right-handed dominance so vastly exceeds left-handed, the focus of attention during treatment has had to be fairly evenly distributed between righthanded and left-handed disabilities". It is only with a knowledge of "normal kinesiology" that an occupational therapist can adequately treat a dilapidated hand. "The occupational therapist must be trained to suggest, adapt, teach and observe the effect of the activities that interest the patient. The essential principles are that the end result of the work shall interest the patients and that tools must be devised which the patient himself can appreciate as adequate aids to treatment". Illustrated by pictures and diagrams, Mrs. Jones discussed several cases and their appropriate treatment. These pictures disclose methods of padding handles of tools, suction handles attached to drawing instrument, a plastic prosthesis to encourage mobility of the thumbs, handles to encourage grip and opposition of thumb, finger extension pad and many other very excellent adaptations. In conclusion Mrs. Jones states "the problems of personality of the patient combined with the problem of the disability will always remain a rich field for investigation and exploration as long as the patient is not tre'ated as an automaton or robot. In this type of treatment, more than all others, each case must be treated individually with thought and planning for the full therapeutic benefit of the suggested activity." Only by welding together in treatment thought and the movement of the hand "can a successful result be obtained".


Mozzarella cheese was prepared from buffalo milk using liquid rennet extracted from calf stomach at the Laboratory of Animal Products Technology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. All the cheese batches were evaluated for compositional, rheological and sensory characteristics. The mean moisture content of mozzarella cheese was 55.15±0.88%, whereas, protein, non protein nitrogen and fat content was 25.28±0.45, 1.56±0.07 and 15.69±0.29%, respectively. The average ash and chloride content was observed as 3.42±0.10 and 1.60±0.02%, respectively. The meltability and strechability of mozzarella cheese was observed as 6.11±0.16 and 12.75±0.15cm, respectively. The sensory attributes showed that color/appearance of mozzarella cheese perceived 4.10±0.27 score, the score for flavor of mozzarella cheese was 27.90±0.43 and the body/texture received 23.60 ±0.52 score. It was concluded that average moisture content of mozzarella cheese revealed that the product was under high moisture category cheese, regardless the fat, meltability and strechability concludes it to be used primarily as an ingredient for pizza making.


Presents an image interpretation system for automatic cartography using neural networks. In this frame, the results of two neural networks are combined for producing a final map. The first network deals with radiometric satellite data and the second one with geocoded data (such as digital elevation models, road maps, and hydrographic network). In both cases, the authors propose new methods for, on the one hand, the maximum likelihood method, and on the other hand, expert knowledge based classification using production rules with certainty factors. The authors also introduce future works, that is to say rule extraction.<<ETX>>


Increasing automation in the healthcare sector calls for a Hybrid Intelligence (HI) approach to closely study and design the collaboration of humans and autonomous machines. Ensuring that medical HI systems' decision-making is ethical is key. The use of Team Design Patterns (TDPs) can advance this goal by describing successful and reusable configurations of design problems in which decisions have a moral component and facilitating communication in multidisciplinary teams designing HI systems. For this research, TDPs were developed describing a set of solutions for a design problem in a medical HI system: mitigating harmful biases in machine learning algorithms. The Socio-Cognitive Engineering (SCE) methodology was employed, integrating operational demands, human factors knowledge, and a technological analysis into a set of TDPs. A survey was created to assess the usability of the patterns with regards to their understandability, effectiveness, and generalizability. Results showed that TDPs are a useful method to unambiguously describe solutions for diverse HI design problems with a moral component on varying abstraction levels, usable by a heterogeneous group of multidisciplinary researchers. Additionally, results indicated that the SCE approach and the developed questionnaire are suitable methods for creating and assessing TDPs.


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By making use of two-dimensional (2D) ray-tracing model results, a new propagation prediction model for wireless communications in indoor environments is developed. It is more accurate than 2D models and more efficient than three-dimensional (3D) ray-tracing models for getting the path loss of any point on single floors of buildings. A ray-tracing algorithm for propagation prediction based on GO (geometrical optics) and UTD (uniform theory of diffraction) is presented. The simulation agrees well with measurement.


 Abstract — Industries produce millions of cubic meters of effluent every year and the wastewater produced may be released into the surrounding water bodies, treated on-site or at municipal treatment plants. The determination of organic matter in the wastewater generated is very important to avoid any negative effect on the aquatic ecosystem. The scope of the present work is to assess the physicochemical composition of the wastewater produced from one of the brewery industry in South Africa. This is to estimate the environmental impact of its discharge into the receiving water bodies or the municipal treatment plant. The parameters monitored for the quantitative analysis of brewery wastewater include biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, ammonia, total oxidized nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorus and alkalinity content. In average, the COD concentration of the brewery effluent was 5340.97 mg/l with average pH values of 4.0 to 6.7. The BOD 5 and the solids content of the wastewater from the brewery industry were high. This means that the effluent is very rich in organic content and its discharge into the water bodies or the municipal treatment plant could cause environmental pollution or damage the treatment plant. In addition, there were variations in the wastewater composition throughout the monitoring period. This might be as a result of different activities that take place during the production process, as well as the effects of peak period of beer production on the water


Traffic congestion will continue to worsen and likely worsen at a faster rate than ever. People throughput and freight throughput have become critical issues for California and the rest of the nation. PATH has been funding a one-year research project entitled "Definition and Evaluation of Bus and Truck Automation Operations Concepts," proposed by the authors. This report summarizes the results of the research project achieved during the first six months. During those six months, we reviewed literature and developed operating concepts for both urban bus automation and inter-city truck automation. We also selected a small number of most promising operating concepts for urban bus automation and inter-city truck automation, both with variations and intermediate deployment steps. On urban bus automation, we selected one unprotected automated busway system (ABUS) for city operations and two operating concepts for automated bus operations on or along a freeway. All or a subset of these three concepts can be integrated to form other operating concepts. On truck automation, we selected an operating concept for a protected inter-city truck-AHS. These concepts describe how automated systems involving buses or trucks operate as a system and how they interact with the surrounding transportation systems. These systems, if implemented, will revolutionize the current bus or truck transportation systems. They certainly cannot be achieved suddenly, and hence can be regarded as end-state systems. Since these end-state operating concepts re intended for real-world implementation and such implementation requires the participation of many stakeholders, any creditable end-state operating concept must be accompanied by and even justified with credible deployment sequences. We developed deployment sequences for these operating concepts to demonstrate the deployability of these concepts and to explain how to "get there from here."


A novel centrifuge permeameter (CP) system was designed to characterize and model seepage and reactive solute transport through low permeability materials and geological strata. A new CP module for the Broadbent G18 geotechnical centrifuge (2.0 m diameter), provides new capability for hydraulic conductiv- ity (K) and transport testing of materials including drill cores, mine tailings and engineered barriers. By de- signing centrifuge models that maintain chemical equilibrium, reactive transport of solutes can be assessed within a reasonable experiment time at accelerated gravity. The K of minimally disturbed drill cores or po- rous materials having a diameter of 65-100 mm and a length of 20-200 mm can be measured using steady state flow, with a K detection limit currently within the order of 10 -12 m/s. This paper presents K values as a function of depth below ground for drill core, and K as a function of effective porosity of reconstituted silica flour specimens.


In this study, the perfect mixing model was used to investigate its accuracy level, under different laboratory conditions, in predicting the particle size distribution of industrial ball mills discharges. For this purpose, data sets of two laboratory ball mills with eight different compositions of balls and two industrial mills of a copper processing plant for seven different tonnages, which totally included 56 simulation operations, were used. For simulation, the necessary data were obtained through performing the breakage distribution function and kinetic grinding tests using laboratory mills. The results were used to determine the first order grinding kinetics and normalized breakage rate parameters. For the industrial scale, the simulation process was carried out using data, perfect mixing model equations and JKSimMet software. The results showed that the operating conditions of the laboratory mills were quite affected by the predictive power of the desired model. Comparing the measured and simulated values of P80, it is clear that 2 minutes of first order grinding using the Bond laboratory ball mill with standard operating conditions and single size ball load of 20 mm provided the best prediction with trivial errors, less than 10%, for all seven tonnages of the industrial mills. The results of this study together with more investigations on different plants can be helpful in optimization, simulation and scale-up procedures of ball mills.


The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the lead Federal agency charged with research on reducing the demand for illicit drugs in the US, has actively pursued the associated challenge of reducing drugs-related HIV transmission. Drug abuse-related spread of the virus occurs not only through sharing contaminated needles but also sexually to partners and perinatally from infected mothers to their offspring. Through a national research and demonstration program, NIDA supports primary AIDS risk reduction activities focused on identifying effective drug abuse prevention and treatment strategies. AIDS is increasingly a disease found in women, children, minorities, and people who live in rural areas. NIDA's efforts are clearly responsive to the changing nature of this epidemic. Among the many promising initiatives currently underway are a medications development program to find new pharmacotherapies for treating drug addiction; an array of National AIDS Outreach Demonstration Projects implementing alternative control strategies for drug abusers not attracted to or successful in drug abuse treatment; establishment of several treatment research units for designing and conducting studies on treatment effectiveness; and a variety of programs aimed at identifying and potentially reducing the risks of prenatal drug use to both mother and child. Effective dissemination of our findings is particularly critical to the overall impact of our research efforts. Collaborative activities teaming NIDA with a multitude of organizations also addressing AIDS related issues are designed to provide a synergistic impact on this complex and multifaceted public health crisis.


Objective:To consider evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in reducing the risk of infection with HIV of injecting drug users. Method:We reviewed 19 published studies of the effectiveness of individual counselling, HIV testing, group interventions, street outreach, and a 'social' intervention designed to change norms for safer behaviours. Results:Eight of 15 studies that examined behavioural outcomes provided evidence of the effectiveness of an experimental intervention, compared with a control or comparison group. In four of these studies, however, serious design limitations made results difficult to interpret. In the other four studies without design limitations, the success of the experimental interventions may have been due to their greater length and intensity as well as to having been conducted with stable and well-motivated populations. Nine of the 15 studies showed evidence of marked behaviourial changes in both experimental and comparison group(s), with the changes in many cases being sustained for upwards of 12 months. Conclusions:A close examination of the evidence and competing hypotheses for the pattern of results suggests that participating in evaluation research may itself be a valuable intervention. Implications for the development of interventions include the potential efficacy of health risk assessment. Implications for evaluation of interventions include the need for developing unobtrusive measures and for assessing the impact of behavioural assessments. Despite the large behavioural changes reported in most of the studies, a substantial proportion of subjects receiving interventions reported unacceptably high levels of risk behaviours. New, more potent interventions are needed, such as those designed to change the norms of entire communities of drug users concerning safer injection and safer sex.


Dr Arnon Bentovim, Child and Family Psychiatrist, and founder the Child and Family Practice, talks about child and family training to develop and train evidence-based approaches to assessment, analysis, and intervention.


In order to simultaneously achieve good energy efficiency and high packet delivery performance, a multihop forwarding scheme should generally involve three design elements: media access mechanism, link estimation scheme, and routing strategy. Disregarding the low-duty-cycle nature of media access often leads to overestimation of link quality. Neglecting the bursty loss characteristic of wireless links inevitably consumes much more energy than necessary and underutilizes wireless channels. The routing strategy, if not well tailored to the above two factors, results in poor packet delivery performance. In this paper, we propose , a practical design of data forwarding in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks. addresses link burstiness by employing multivariate Bernoulli link model. Further incorporated with synchronized rendezvous, enables sensor nodes to work in a lazy mode, keep their radios off most of the time, and realize highly reliable forwarding by scheduling very limited packet transmissions. We implement on a real sensor network testbed. The results demonstrate that outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of energy efficiency and network yield.


Multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems can provide significant space diversity and combat multi-path fading, thus attracting increasing attention for the design of future broadband wireless communication systems. One enhancement technique commonly used in such systems is adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for link adaptation. With AMC, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is adaptively selected based on channel quality indication (CQI). In this paper, we give a comprehensive analysis of mapping between signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) fed beck by the mobile station and MCS to be used to transmit dada, while taking into account hybrid ARQ (HARQ) operation. Then we apply such mapping criteria to MIMO-OFDM systems and develop a systematic algorithm for MCS selection to maximize the system throughput. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated by extensive system level simulation. Results indicate that compared to traditional MCS selection schemes significant system throughput gain can be achieved by this method.


A distributed antenna system (DAS) architecture is considered to be a key enabler for further Network Virtualization where different network configurations are created as needed by a centralized decision making unit that is typically integrated into the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) which offers a potential architecture for 5G wireless communication systems. Many schemes have been proposed for Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) for resource allocation in the static cellular network architecture. In this paper, we investigate using the emerging Licensed Shared Access (LSA) on the downlink cell edge in a Network Virtualization context. We derive a threshold of the LSA bandwidth ratio for the average capacity and analyze the average capacity gain. This provides a guide in the decision making for using LSA bandwidth in DAS with Network Virtualization.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study was to evaluate the color Doppler sonographic effect known as twinkling artifact.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate) stone fragments, wire mesh, and a flat surface were scanned in a water bath with a sonography scanner using a high-frequency linear array probe fixed in a ring clamp. Pulse repetition frequency, color-write priority, gray-scale gain, and spectral Doppler gain were varied. Color and spectral Doppler modes were used.

RESULTS
Twinkling artifact and spectral broadening were seen most intensely behind struvite stone fragments, and both were seen more strongly behind wire mesh with greater surface roughness than behind wire mesh with less surface roughness or a flat surface. The appearance of the twinkling artifact is highly dependent on machine settings. System noise measured on a flat surface generates a band-limited Doppler shift on spectral displays with a mean frequency shift of 0 Hz and a mean (+/- SD) absolute fluctuation of 86 +/- 10 Hz over a pulse repetition frequency range of 1250-10,000 Hz. Rough surfaces increase the spectral bandwidth.

CONCLUSION
The appearance of the twinkling artifact is highly dependent on machine settings and is likely generated by a narrow-band, intrinsic machine noise called phase (or clock) jitter. Surface roughness secondarily broadens the noise spectrum. With a strongly reflecting, rough surface such as a renal stone, the high amplitude, broadband signal appears as random motion in color Doppler sonography. Understanding of the twinkling artifact may result in better use of its clinical appearance.


Frantz Fanon's revolutionary text The Wretched of the Earth has had a major impact on English-speaking readers since it first appeared in translation in 1963. This article charts the shifting contextualization of the book as it has framed subsequent editions, culminating in an exploration of the most recent translation by Richard Philcox. By contrasting this translation of the book with previous versions, and also by critically examining the new forward by Homi K. Bhabha, the author explores Fanon's relevance to the current social and political world. He finds continued relevance for The Wretched in Fanon's quest to get beyond the manicheanism that characterises the colonial and anti-colonial periods as well as the contemporary rhetoric of Bush and Bin Laden. The author argues that our engagement with Fanon should begin from his most critical insights into the postcolonial period and in his critique of the national bourgeoisie and postcolonial petit bourgeoisie, which is grounded in an engagement with Fanon as a living thinker.


We report interstellar C ii column densities or upper limits determined from weak absorption of the λ2325.4029 Å intersystem transition observed in six translucent sightlines (AV & 1) with STIS. The sightlines sample a wide range of interstellar characteristics including total-to-selective extinction, RV = 2.6− 5.1; average hydrogen density along the sightline, <n(H)> = 3 − 14 cm; and fraction of H in molecular form, 0 ∼ 40%. Four of the sightlines, those toward HD 37021, HD 37061, HD 147888 and HD 207198, have interstellar gas-phase abundances that are consistent with the diffuse sightline ratio of 161 ± 17 carbon atoms in the gas per million hydrogen nuclei. We note that while it has a gas-phase carbon abundance that is consistent with the other sightlines, a large fraction of the C ii toward HD 37061 is in an excited state. The sightline toward HD 152590 has a measured interstellar gas-phase carbon abundance that is well above the diffuse sightline average; the column density of C in this sightline may be overestimated due to noise structure in the data. Toward HD 27778 we find a 3σ abundance upper limit of ≤ 108 C atoms in the gas per million H, a substantially enhanced depletion of C as compared to the diffuse sightline value. The interstellar characteristics toward HD 27778 are otherwise not extreme among the sample except for an unusually large abundance of CO molecules in the gas. Subject headings: dust, extinction — ISM: abundances


The development of flexible electrochemical devices with high-density electrochemical capacitive energy storage and high mechanical strength remains the main obstacle for practical applications. Here, we designed and generated a S/N co-doped graphene based electrode (CoS1.097/GF electrode) with well-distributed CoS1.097 nanoparticles (NPs), which were anchored directly in/on porous carbonized melamine foam by a squeeze-dip-coating and sulfidation process. The CoS1.097/GF electrode shows desired conductivity, cycling stability and high ion-accessible surface area, leading to an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 4476 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a favourable rate capability of 87.1% at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, a high-strength and flexible CoS1.097/GF/KOH/PVA composite film electrode was prepared using KOH/polyvinyl alcohol (KOH/PVA) as a gel electrolyte, and a flexible CoS1.097/GF||GF asymmetric electrochemical capacitor (a-EC) device was produced with a high energy density of 33.2 W h kg−1 at a power density of 374.7 W kg−1, where the KOH/PVA gel works as a solid-state electrolyte and separator. We observed 95.6% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles within the potential window of 0–1.5 V. Notably, we confirmed that the CoS1.097/GF||GF a-EC device performed at large bending angles (from 0° to 180°), and was able to be twisted into various shapes, indicating its potential for application in wearable and portable electronic devices.


To many, the idea of the EPR paradox and the possibility of local hidden variables were dismissed by the Bell inequality, although the central points of this argument have been around since the advent of quantum mechanics. Yet, there remains considerable evidence that this inequality can be violated even by classical systems. The question really is whether or not strongly correlated classical fields will also violate Bell's inequality. In a previous paper, it was shown that this was the case. Here, we ask the question as to just how much correlation in the classical waves is required to violate the inequality.


Cognition is the foundation that underlies all daily activities, from the most basic to the most complex. Successful aging depends, in large part, on maintaining a level of cognitive ability that allows a person to interact effectively and appropriately with the environment. In the following article we provide an overview of the effects of aging on cognition; discuss physical, social, and psychological factors that have been shown to influence cognition in old age; and review current literature on interventions that may optimize successful cognitive aging. We conclude with a discussion of abnormal cognitive aging and review current research on risk factors and treatments of Alzheimer's disease and other dementing illnesses.


Rationale In The Netherlands multidisciplinary care for inpatients with rheumatic diseases is quite common. It is generally recognised that this kind of care is necessary to fulfil the treatment goals. Within the University Medical Centre Nijmegen the multidisciplinary meetings are not only scheduled for inpatients, but also for outpatients. This way the continuity of treatment and care will be positively influenced. Objective In order to propagate and let more patients benefit from this kind of care, we will describe the role and input of the nurse practitioner in the multidisciplinary team. Patients and methods At our outpatient clinic the multidisciplinary meetings are scheduled once a month. The team consists of rheumatologists, social workers, occupational therapists, and the clinical nurse specialists. All team members have the possibility to add their case (s) to the agenda for discussion. Generally these are patients with more complex problems, necessitating optimal co-ordination of treatment and care. The discussion and decision making process take place on the 'base of equality'. In our team, each member's knowledge and experience are respected and applied. This equality of disciplines is required to guarantee optimal quality of the multidisciplinary care. The role of the clinical nurse specialist consists of: representing the patients by clearly explaining their questions and problems input of her expert opinion to the multidisciplinary treatment approach advising the colleagues in the clinic as well as the primary health care making a working schedule and point out priorities, based on the planned treatment approach. Conclusion The clinical nurse specialist is more and more an expert with a crucial role in patient care. Within the multidisciplinary team, an open relationship between physicians and health professionals is an important condition for good quality of the decision making process.


Ultrastructure of cellular inclusions in the cerebral cortex and in renal tubule epithelial cells in a case of late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy were investigated. Four patterns of shape were illustrated as multi-lamellated structure, zebra bodies, dense bodies and vacuoles with the two latter being more predominant in the renal tubule cells. Histochemical studies of the cellular deposits with toluidine blue and cresyl violet all revealed metachromatic in character. Significance of these findings and their pathogenesis were discussed.


Simultaneous update and dynamic scheduling in a data warehouse which the motto of traditional data warehouses. The main motto is to focus on continuous job into mass data storage as data warehouses for pupation of jobs are to minimize the loss of freshness. The skeleton would not be based on the deadline of the incoming jobs. Heterogeneous sources provides the continuous jobs to update in the corresponding their tables in data warehouse. The skeleton scheduling algorithms for updating in mass data storage in the data warehouse. In this proposed work Dynamic Priority Driven Preemptive Scheduling (DPDPS) algorithm is used to assign different priority level at different jobs. DPDPS job separation algorithm shows the tracks to get the jobs for an updating a job and for improving the performance to meet their job completion on time. Equal job separation method provides the jobs into the clusters according to the similar jobs in each track.


Fordeveloping nations to meet the demand for skills in the twenty-first century, TVET is essential. The TVET institution actively creates a skilled workforce to meet the needs of the nation's labourmarket to meet those demands. As a result, efforts are being made to improve the existing TVET institutions. This study looked into the difficulties faced by TVET institution managers when handling their relationships with collaboration. The quantitative approach used in this study was the survey design approach. The right respondents are chosen for this study using purposeful sampling techniques. A total of 53 directors of TVET institutions in Malaysia and 30 representatives from industry were chosen as respondents for this study. The Rasch measurement model was used to analyze the data. This study identified managerial skills and common barriers as the two main obstacles to the collaboration between Malaysian TVET institutions and industries. Technical, human, and conceptual skills are the three categories used tocategorize managerial skill barriers. Technically, directors are unable to put knowledge into practice because they lack computer proficiency, managerial knowledge and experience, and methods and techniques for performance monitoring tools. Conceptually, directors struggle to plan long-term objectives, articulate strategies and comprehend the organizational structure of their industry. Finally, directors lack the ability to manage relationships between organizations and the drive to launch partnerships with the sector. While this was going on, the common TVET institution-industry collaboration barriers were grouped into four categories: governance issues, funding and financial issues, management issues in collaboration, and industry-institutionculture issues.


ObjectiveTo investigate haemorheological changes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and to determine whether the protective effect on haemorheology of high-dose aprotinin also exists under a half-dose regimen. MethodsForty patients were studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study design. Patients in the aprotinin group received half of the standard high dose of aprotinin during surgery. Erythrocyte and white-cell clogging rates as well as whole blood and plasma viscosity were measured. Viscosity results were expressed as a ratio to the viscosity of saline. ResultsErythrocyte and white-cell clogging rates were increased significantly, whereas whole blood and plasma viscosity were decreased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass. The reduction in viscosity had a strong correlation to haemodilution. There was no significant difference in any of the measured variables between the aprotinin and the placebo groups. ConclusionThis study showed that blood cell damage occurred during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, as measured by a raised clogging rate. This tendency was the same in both groups and therefore no increased potential for microthrombi could be attributed to aprotinin haemorheologically. However, half-dose aprotinin did not show any preserving effect in haemorheology when the blood-cell clogging rate and blood viscosity were studied.


Tralokinumab is a high-affinity, fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits interleukin-13 (IL-13), a key driver of atopic dermatitis (AD) disease progression. Clinical trials have shown that tralokinumab is efficacious in patients with moderate-to-severe AD and has a favorable safety profile, including a low frequency of adverse events (AEs) such as conjunctivitis. However, management of patients in routine clinical practice differ from those enrolled in clinical trials due to strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, and there is currently a lack of clinical data on tralokinumab use in the real-world setting. TRACE is an observational cohort study of patients with AD, which aims to better understand the effectiveness, safety and clinical use of tralokinumab in the real-world setting. This study aims to describe baseline characteristics and initial insights from the first 100 patients enrolled into TRACE in Germany. TRACE is a longitudinal, prospective, new user, noncomparative, observational, single-cohort study, with primary data collection of adult patients with AD who are treated with tralokinumab, according to national approved labels. The study is taking place across countries in Europe, North America and the Middle East. The primary objective is to assess changes in clinical signs and symptoms of AD in tralokinumab-treated patients. Secondary objectives are to investigate safety, quality of life, patient-reported outcomes and adherence, among others. This analysis includes the first 100 patients enrolled from 39 sites across Germany. Of the first 100 patients in TRACE initiated on tralokinumab in Germany, the majority were males. Most patients had moderate-to-severe disease as indicated by their mean Investigator's Global Assessment score and mean Eczema Area and Severity Index. Patients reported heavy symptomatic burden of disease, as demonstrated by their mean eczema-related sleep numerical rating scale (NRS) and mean worst daily pruritus NRS. Patients also reported a substantial impact on quality of life, as demonstrated by mean Dermatology Life Quality Index. Overall, approximately 4/5 of the patients were biologic-naïve. All biologic-experienced patients were previously treated with dupilumab, of whom most experienced one or more treatment failures. Reasons for switching from dupilumab included lack or loss of efficacy, and AEs, which included mainly conjunctivitis. Initial findings from the first 100 patients from TRACE in Germany showed that the majority of adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with tralokinumab were biologic-naïve, indicating that tralokinumab is prescribed as first-line systemic treatment in the real world, in line with European Dermatology Forum guidelines. Of patients who switched from dupilumab, the main reasons for switching were lack or loss of efficacy, and conjunctivitis, indicating the need for an alternative biologic treatment such as tralokinumab.


We present a general approach to stabilization of bilaterally controlled teleoperators in presence of delay in the communication channel. A standard teleoperation system consists of two manipulators called master and slave, and a communication channel between them. The master is moved by the human operator, and the information about master's trajectory is sent through the communication channel to the remotely located slave. The slave is controlled to follow the motion of the master. In force-reflecting (or bilateral) teleoperator systems, a contact force due to the environment is measured on the slave side and sent back to the motors of the master. In the presence of time delay in the communication channel such a force feedback makes a telerobotic system unstable. The general idea of our approach is to make both the master and the slave manipulators input-to-state stable, so that stability of the overall telerobotic system can be guaranteed for any communication delay by using an appropriate version of the ISS small gain theorem. We discuss several versions of the stabilization algorithm proposed, in particular, an adaptive version as well as a version which does not utilize velocity measurements.


This Discussion Paper is a background document to the Forest Sector Outlook Study 2020-2040 (FSOS) for the UNECE region (ECE/TIM/SP/51). It provides the details that are summarized in chapter 3 of the main study. It analyses how markets and forests may evolve under different assumptions of economic growth, population growth, and climate change and covers the years 2020-2040, starting with 2017 as the base year for projections. It focuses on how departures from recent patterns of supply and demand – i.e. structural changes – might affect the UNECE region. Modelling these structural changes asks 'what-if' questions about specific factors that might influence supply or demand, in the UNECE forest sector, and globally. The analyses compare the outcomes to a business-as-usual, or reference scenario. The 'what-if' questions follow suggestions from UNECE member States about critical uncertainties to be faced in the future.


The effect influence of elastic energy anisotropy on the mutual drag of electrons and phonons and the electrical resistance of potassium crystals at low temperatures have investigated. We have analyzed the momentum exchange between the electron and three phonon flows corresponding to three branches of the vibrational spectrum in the hydrodynamic approximation. The actual mechanisms of phonon momentum relaxation have taken into account: scattering at sample boundaries, dislocations, and in the processes of phonon-phonon transfer. It have shown that in the limiting case of strong mutual drag of electrons and phonons, the electrical resistance will be much lower than that given by the Bloch--Gruneisen theory, and the phonon and electron drift velocities are close and they are determined by the total phonon relaxation rate in resistive scattering processes. In the opposite case, when resistive scattering processes dominate for phonons and the phonon system remains in equilibrium, then the electrical resistance follows the Bloch--Gruneisen theory. In this case, the drift velocities of all modes are different and much less than the electron drift velocity. Keywords: electrical resistance, elastic anisotropy, electron-phonon relaxation.


Local, parallel analysis of shading in an image may be used to infer surface shape without a priori knowledge about the viewed scene. The following has been proven: Given a reasonable assumption about surface smoothness, local analysis of the second derivative of image intensity allows the image-plane component of surface orientation to be determined exactly, and a maximum-likelihood estimate of the remaining depth component of orientation to be made. An algorithm has been developed to compute surface orientation, in parallel, for each image point without knowledge of scene characteristics. This algorithm has been evaluated on both natural and synthesized images, and produces a good estimate of shape.


OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated duloxetine in the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED) with comorbid current depressive disorders.

METHOD
In this 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 40 patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TR BED and a comorbid current depressive disorder received duloxetine (N = 20) or placebo (N = 20). The primary outcome measure was weekly binge eating day frequency.

RESULTS
In the primary analysis, duloxetine (mean 78.7 mg/day) was superior to placebo in reducing weekly frequency of binge eating days (p = .04), binge eating episodes (p = .02), weight (p = .04), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness ratings for binge eating (p = .02) and depressive disorders (p = .01). Changes in body mass index and measures of eating pathology, depression, and anxiety did not differ between the two groups.

DISCUSSION
Duloxetine may be effective for reducing binge eating, weight, and global severity of illness in BED with a comorbid current depressive disorder, but this finding needs confirmation in larger, placebo-controlled trials.


Mesh-like LiZnBO3/C composite was synthesized via a facile polymer pyrolysis method for use as an anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), demonstrating high initial capacity (860 mA h g−1) and excellent cycle stability (559 mA h g−1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with a capacity retention of 94.47%). Ex situ XRD tests indicate a mixed intercalation–conversion–alloy lithium storage mechanism in the first discharge/charge process of the composite. In addition, the LiZnBO3/C anode was coupled with a commercial LiCoO2 cathode in a full cell, which presented an initial reversible capacity of 658 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and a capacity of 603 mA h g−1 after 400 cycles with average 0.02% fading in each cycle, which greatly outperforms previously reported compounds; this could be attributed to the unique mesh-like morphology of the composite, which enables high mass transport rate and good conductivity, and the coexistence of LiZnBO3–ZnO–Zn composites that produce a synergistic effect for fast kinetics. This study holds great promise for LIBs with high capacity and good stability.


We study the character sums \[\phi_{(m,n)}(a,b)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb{F}_q}\phi\left(x(x^{m}+a)(x^{n}+b)\right),\textrm{ and, } \psi_{(m,n)}(a,b)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb{F}_q}\phi\left((x^{m}+a)(x^{n}+b)\right)\] where $\phi$ is the quadratic character defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$. These sums are expressed in terms of Gaussian hypergeometric series over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Then we use these expressions to exhibit the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points on families of hyperelliptic curves and their Jacobian varieties.


LAPI is a low-level, high-performance communication interface available on the IBM RS/6000 SP system. It provides an active-message-like interface along with remote memory copy and synchronization functionality. It is designed primarily for use by experienced programmers in developing parallel subsystems, libraries and tools, but we also expect power programmers to use it in end-user applications. IBM developed LAPI as a part of a project with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to optimize the performance of the Global Arrays (GA) toolkit and its applications on the IBM RS/6000 SP. We provide an overview of LAPI characteristics and discuss its differences from other models such as MPI-2. We present some base performance parameters of LAPI including latency and bandwidth and compare it with performance of the MPI/MPL. The Global Arrays library from PNNL was ported to LAPI to exploit the performance benefits of this new interface. Experience using LAPI to implement GA and the performance of the resulting library are presented.


In the framework of the performed studies, the antibacterial activity of the following fungicides was evaluated: Miedzian 50 WG (active substance - a.s. 50% copper oxychloride), Ridomil MZ Gold 68 WG (a.s. 3.8% metalaxyl-M and 64%, mancozeb), Euparen Multi 50 WG (a.s. 50% tolylfluanid), Captan 80 WG (a.s. 80% N-(captan)), Dithane Neotec 75 WG (a.s. 75% mancozeb). The evaluation also concerned the essential oils: lavender, sage, lemon balm, clove, and a preparation based on thyme oil (BioZell). Each preparation and compound was tested against the following bacterial pathogens: Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina, X. arboricola pv. juglandis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (presently Rhizobium radiobacter). Each preparation and compound was tested at a concentration of 1,000 ppm of active substance. Copper oxychloride was also tested at a concentration of 1,500 ppm. Among the tested fungicides, metalaxyl-M with mancozeb, mancozeb alone, and copper oxychloride inhibited all of the tested strains of pathogenic bacteria. Tolylfluanid did not inhibit any of the bacteria used. Out of the investigated essential oils, the strongest inhibitors of bacteria were: sage, cloves, and BioZell. The protective activity of the above mentioned fungicides was also evaluated in vivo. They were assessed against fire blight on apple blossoms and pear fruitlets, against bacterial canker on sweet cherry fruitlets, and against crown gall on sunflower seedlings (the test plant). All fungicides were applied at the same concentrations as those in the in vitro tests. Only copper oxychloride was found to show protective activity against the studied diseases. This result indicates that the antibacterial properties of the other fungicides did not correspond with their activity on the plant organs used in the in vivo experiment.


Abstract Persuasion is one of the main rhetorical techniques employed in debates by early Chinese "wandering persuaders," as it is attested by several examples preserved in Classical Chinese pre-imperial and early imperial politico-philosophical literature. The present article contributes to the study of persuasion by providing a detailed structural analysis of one of the most famous texts that openly deals with this technique, Chapter 12 'Shuìnán' 說難 (The Difficulties of Persuasion) of the composite "Masters text" Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子. Through such analysis, the article discloses the complex, multi-layered underlying rhetorical structure of the text, and the thick network of conceptual cross-references that are established among its different sections through the ingenious distribution of different kinds of text-structuring elements. As the present case study will show, this type of analysis is an invaluable hermeneutic tool that provides a substantial contribution to a better and fuller understanding of Classical Chinese texts.


Microcolumnar CsI(Tl) films in the range of 50 to 500 /spl mu/m thickness are routinely used in digital X-ray imaging as they simultaneously provide a high spatial resolution and excellent X-ray absorption. The use of such films for radionuclide imaging has not yet been possible due to the unavailability of thick films required to provide adequate stopping power for gamma ray energies typically used in such applications. We report here the development of up to 2.6 mm thick microcolumnar CsI(Tl) films well suited for small animal SPECT imaging using such radioisotopes as /sup 125/I (/spl sim/30 keV) and /sup 99m/Tc (140 keV). This paper discusses scintillator fabrication, characterization, and demonstrates its use for high resolution SPECT imaging. The data show that a resolution of 400 /spl mu/m in reconstructed images can be achieved using this approach.


Background/Aims: Clinical assessment of object relations is essential when evaluating treatability by different types of psychotherapy. The Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) is an established interview measure used for assessing object relations, but the validity of the QORS in relation to its theoretical constituents has not been examined. Our aim was to study the concurrent validity of the QORS. Methods: Trained interviewers assessed 263 outpatients seeking psychotherapy due to mood or anxiety disorder, with the QORS and with selected proxy criterion measures representing constituents of object-relational maturity. Results: Discontinuity in relationships and the use of devaluation in relationships were the main determinants of low Quality of Object Relations (low-QOR). Patients with discontinuity in relationships had a four-fold and patients with devaluation in relationships a three-fold risk of belonging to the low-QOR group (p = 0.001) in comparison to those without these relational characteristics. Also poor self-confidence and major separations in childhood predicted the low- versus high-QOR category. Conclusion: The results indicate adequate concurrent validity of the QORS and support its credibility in assessing personality pathology, beyond axis II diagnosis, by trained clinicians.


The workplace offers a unique setting in which to offer CVD risk reduction programs. Marketing these programs involves at least two distinct processes. First, a corporation must agree to accept and support workplace health programming. Second, workplace programs must be effectively marketed to eligible employees, dependents, and retirees. After identifying critical barriers to the effective marketing of workplace programs, a stepwise approach used by the Pawtucket Heart Health Program to successfully overcome these obstacles is used. Using real world examples and practical tips, a discussion of implications for marketing future programs to the corporate and employee audience is shared.


Aphakia is a disabling condition. It must be corrected by spectacles, contact lenses, refractive keratoplasty, or insertion of a pseudophakos. In those patients who do not tolerate a contact lens or cataract spectacles, refractive keratoplasty or secondary implantation of an IOL should be considered. Keratophakia and hyperopic keratomileusis have not yet evolved to the point at which refractive keratoplasty can be considered a practical answer to aphakia. This leaves a significant population of aphakic patients who can be visually rehabilitated only be secondary implantation of an IOL. Despite the risks and hazards associated with any intraocular surgery, the benefits derived from successful correction of aphakia with secondary implantation fully justify this procedure. Secondary implantation is a proved, successful modality for the corretion of aphakia. The number of patients requiring secondary implantation is not great, but in patients in whom secondary implantation is indicated, both the patient and the physician will find the results most rewarding.


Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films with PbTiO3 interlayers between the film and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrate were fabricated by using a sol–gel spin-on process. Effects of the PbTiO3 interlayer on the phase formation and electrical properties were investigated. A thin PbTiO3 interlayer of about 0.05 µ m is required to effectively enhance the perovskite formation of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films, while a thicker PbTiO3 interlayer limits the perovskite formation. The glass-to-pyrochlore transformation is not significantly influenced by the PbTiO3 interlayer. Doping of La into the PbTiO3 interlayer elevates the perovskite formation temperature. The characteristics related to morphotropic phase boundary of the films are significantly weakened by the PbTiO3 interlayer. The fatigue behavior of the films is generally improved by the PbTiO3 interlayer. It is suggested that atomic diffusion between the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 film and PbTiO3 interlayer influences the observed electrical properties.


The present study examined punishment of responding with histamine injection, and its potential to generate avoidance of punishment. Sprague-Dawley rats were trained under concurrent schedules in which responses on one lever (the punishment lever) produced food under a variable-interval schedule, and under some conditions intermittent injections of histamine, which suppressed behavior. Responses on a second (avoidance) lever prevented histamine injections scheduled on the punishment lever. After stabilization of punished responding, a variable-interval 15-s schedule of cancellation of histamine (avoidance) was added for responding on the second/avoidance lever, without subsequent acquisition of responding on that lever. Progressive decreases in the length of the punishment variable-interval schedule increased suppression on the punishment lever without increases in response rates on the avoidance lever. Exchanging contingencies on the levers ensured that response rates on the avoidance lever were sufficiently high to decrease the histamine injection frequency; nonetheless response rates on the avoidance lever decreased over subsequent sessions. Under no condition was responding maintained on the avoidance lever despite continued punishing effectiveness of histamine throughout. The present results suggest that avoidance conditioning is not a necessary condition for effective punishment, and confirm the importance of empirical rather than presumed categorization of behavioral effects of stimulus events.


Six different varieties of methodology are surveyed for choosing one of a fixed number of alternative actions in the context of uncertainty. Within this context a fixed number of possible states of the world can actually hold, where the outcome of each alternative action is dependent on the state of the world. The six approaches differ from each other primarily in their assumptions about the quality and quantity of information that is available regarding: the relative possibility or likelihood of the various states of the world, and the relative utility of the various outcomes defined by (action, state) pairs. The six approaches are illustrated using a single example. Finally, the prospects for an integrated approach to decision support that is sensitive to the quality and quantity of information are discussed, and some fruitful areas for further research are suggested.


Background: Yogic relaxation therapy (Yoga Nidra) has been effectively prescribed in conjunction with other medical and yogic procedures in the management of severe psychosomatic diseases, including cancer, bronchial asthma, colitis, peptic ulcer and menstrual irregularities. Aim of the study: To assess the impact of Yoga Nidra on psychological problems in patients with menstrual disorders. Materials and Methods: Patients were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S.M. Medical University (erstwhile KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 150 female subjects were randomly divided into two groups: 1) group of 75 subjects (with yogic intervention) and 2) a control group of 75 subjects (without yogic intervention). Assessment of psychological general wellbeing (tool) was used for all the subjects Assessment of psychological general well being (tool) was used for all the subjects (Cases and controls). This assessment was done twice first time in the beginning (baseline) and then after six months. Results: Anxiety decreased significantly (P<0.003) and depression decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the Yoga group. Positive wellbeing and general health improved significantly (P<0.02), and vitality improved significantly (P<0.01) after six months of Yoga therapy (Yoga Nidra) in the Yoga group compared with the control group. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that patients with menstrual irregularities having psychological problems improved significantly in the areas of their wellbeing, anxiety and depression by learning and applying a program based on Yogic intervention (Yoga Nidra).


Cerebral abscess from Nocardia sp. is difficult to diagnose, particularly when it occurs as a primary lesion. Confirmed diagnosis requires a positive culture obtained from an invasive procedure, and an additional 1 to 4 weeks may be needed before the causative organism can be identified. Like most brain lesions, the likelihood of successful management of a Nocardia asteroides brain abscess increases with early diagnosis. For this reason, and because a nocardial brain abscess can progress rapidly, a presumptive diagnosis is often necessary. This requires that clinicians maintain a suspicion of the likelihood of Nocardia sp. and a familiarity with disease characteristics. Diagnostic tools that assist in a presumptive diagnosis include early contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Nocardial infection as a primary brain lesion is rare; instead, it is more commonly encountered as a secondary lesion. More than 50% of patients who develop a primary lesion have no apparent risk factors. Secondary lesions as well as disease outside the central nervous system occur more frequently in immunocompromised patients. Treatment of a nocardial infection relies heavily on appropriate antibiotic therapy. The prognosis is best for most patients when surgical intervention augments antibiotic therapy, although the patient and progression of the disease play key roles in determining the therapeutic approach. In this report, we use a case study to illustrate the diagnosis and management of a nocardial brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient. We then review the typical clinical symptoms, diagnostic techniques, treatment, and factors affecting prognoses for nocardial brain abscesses in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.


The diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is heavily dependent on cardiac biomarker assays, particularly cardiac troponins. ACS, particularly non-ST segment elevation MI, are more common in patients with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), are associated with worse outcomes than in patients without kidney disease and are often difficult to diagnose and treat. Hence, early accurate diagnosis of ACS in kidney disease patients is important using easily available tools, such as cardiac troponins. However, the diagnostic reliability of cardiac troponins has been suboptimal in patients with kidney disease due to possible decreased clearance of troponin with acute and chronic kidney impairment and low levels of troponin secretion due to concomitant cardiac muscle injury related to left ventricular hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis. This article reviews the metabolism and utility of cardiac biomarkers in patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Cardiac troponins are small peptides that accumulate in both acute and chronic kidney diseases due to impaired excretion. Hence, troponin concentrations rise and fall with acute kidney injury and its recovery, limiting their use in the diagnosis of ACS. Troponin concentrations are chronically elevated in CKD and ESKD, are associated with poor prognosis and decrease the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of ACS. Yet, the evidence indicates that the use of high-sensitivity troponins can confirm or exclude a diagnosis of ACS in the emergency room in a significant proportion of kidney disease patients; those patients in whom the results are equivocal may need longer in-hospital assessment.


As a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown was imposed and sudden changes in the education system from traditional face to face to fully online mode. The objective of the study is to analyse the barriers faced by the students in online learning and verify with Confi rmatory Factor Analysis and suggest a suitable strategy to overcome the barriers. The study was conducted at Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University with 240 students who participated in online learning. The results revealed that greater proportion of the students often used smart phone (92.08%) for online learning. About 40.00 per cent of the students spent 19-28 hours per week in online classes. The study revealed nine barriers in online learning as perceived by the students namely unfavourable learning environment, lack of knowledge on eff ective use of online apps, lack of expertise and skills in using the apps, it is expensive, online learning is time consuming, internet connectivity issues, lack of uninterrupted power supply, problem with application compatibility with ICT tools and health issues. For barriers in online learning the goodness of fi t of model indices were satisfactory. The factor loadings were greater than 0.40 and reliability of two factors technical barriers and personal barriers were 0.709 and 0.812 respectively. The strategies to overcome the barriers in online learning included the creation an organised study space, active participation of the students, eliminating distractions, etc.


Abstract. This study compares trends in the Hadley cell (HC) strength using different metrics applied to the ECMWF ERA5 and ERA-Interim reanalyses for the period 1979–2018. The HC strength is commonly evaluated by metrics derived from the mass-weighted zonal-mean stream function in isobaric coordinates. Other metrics include the upper tropospheric velocity potential, the vertical velocity in the mid-troposphere, and the water vapour transport in the lower troposphere. Seven known metrics of HC strength are complemented here by a metric of the spatially averaged HC strength, obtained by averaging the stream function in the latitude–pressure (φ–p) plane, and by the total energy of zonal-mean unbalanced circulation in the normal-mode function decomposition. It is shown that metrics, which rely on single-point values in the φ–p plane, produce unreliable 40-year trends in both the northern and southern HCs, especially in ERA-Interim; magnitudes and even the signs of the trends depend on the choice of the HC strength metric. The two new metrics alleviate the vertical and meridional inhomogeneities of the trends in HC strength. The unbalanced energy metric suggests a positive HC trend in both reanalyses, whereas the metric based on averaging the stream function finds a significant positive trend only in ERA5.


Conformally 2 + 2-decomposable non-conformally flat spacetimes, which are the solutions of the Einstein field equations with a perfect fluid source, are discussed. These spacetimes are necessarily of Petrov-type D and, when the fluid velocity is aligned with the plane of principal null directions, form a subset of the LRSII class, determined up to two first-order partial differential equations. When, on the contrary, the fluid is non-aligned, the general solution can be given in terms of elementary functions.


Acoustic measurements on single crystals of HoVO4 at a frequency of 800 MHz (Bleaney et al., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 388, 479 (1983a)) revealed the presence of both non-resonant acoustic absorption at low appliedfield strengths and resonant absorption at the enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance frequency. In a recent paper (Bleaney & Gregg Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 413, 313 (1987)) the theory of such acoustic resonance in enhanced nuclear paramagnets has been extended to include other acoustic modes for ions at sites of tetragonal symmetry. In this paper the advantages of using acoustic waves rather than conventional nuclear magnetic resonance for the region 1-2 GHz is described, together with the preparation of transducers of ZnO and the experimental apparatus. Measurements of the acoustic velocities at 1 GHz in HoVO4 are compared with those of (Goto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Japan 55, 1613 (1986)) at 10 MHz. Further measurements of the non-resonant and resonant attenuation will be presented in papers III and IV (Bleaney et al., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 416, 83; 93 (1988)), together with the appropriate theory.


The present essay aims at discussing the topic of p ost-memory of World War II by individuals who formed their identity after the end of this historical landmark. Bearing this objective in mind, a reflection upon the influence of the different types of memory in the process of identity formation shall be proposed and it will be contended that both memories formed upon the subject's experiences as well as se cond-hand, intermediated, inherited memories from the past –memories transmitted either symbolically or by elder members of the group –, deeply influence the elaboration of a subject's identitary map. This theoretical framework will be subsequently illustrated with exa mples taken from the cinematographic adaptation of Gebürtig, a novel written by the Jewish Austrian author Rob ert Schindel.


Biomimicry studies the nature's designs and processes in order to learn from them and then emulate them. This work takes this concept to propose a mechanical/structural design for a hexapod robot and also, to propose some suggestions for its construction and control, based on the anatomy and biomechanic characteristics of the insects, whose great motor stability is a very desirable quality in exploration robots. Once these features were taken into account, it was possible to design a robot easy to assemble and to manufacture, further it was made a kinematic and dynamic model which was able to predict accurately the robot legs behavior, achieving a highly precise control and evenly, a correct selection of actuators and materials for its construction. Finally, a functional prototype of the robot was built demonstrating the viability of the proposed models by this work.


The prevalence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is estimated in every day that41 new cases of cervical cancer and about 20 people every day die. Bengkulu provinceranked fourth with a prevalence of cancer of 1.9% with the total number of cervicalcancer patients in 2015 as many as 705 cases. Early detection of pre-cancerous lesionsthrough IVA test. Factors affecting pre-cancerous lesions consist of marital age, age,parity and hormonal contraceptive use. The purpose of this research is to know the factorsthat influence the incidence of pre-cancer lesions in the Region of Puskesmas CareKembang Seri Talang Empat Sub-district, Central Bengkulu Regency Year 2017. Thisresearch is analytical descriptive research with case control design. Samples A case groupof women with positive IVA test results of 36 people with total sampling technique andwomen's control group with negative IVA test results with a 1: 1 comparison was takenwith a simple random technique. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test and BinaryLogistic Regression. The results showed that nearly half of the respondents had positivepre-cancerous lesions, mostly married ≤20 years, most of the use of hormonalcontraceptives ≥5 know, most respondents were mother's age> 35 years and mostly.There is a relationship of married age, the use of hormonal contraceptives and parity tothe incidence of pre-cervical cancer lesions and no relationship of maternal age with theincidence of cervical pre-cancer lesions The most influential factor on the incidence ofpre-cancerous lesions is married age. It is hoped that Puskesmas should be able tocoordinate and cooperate with cross-sectional about the age of menikha that must be doneat age> 20 years and do ekrjasama with school parties to prevent teenage pregnancy bydoing cooperation with organization of PIK-R.


On May 2018, Malaysia witnessed a full-scale wave of change when the dominant authoritarian party Barisan Nasional was defeated under the pretext of democratic process known as the "mother of all elections". The electoral victory was finally secured by the opposition party Pakatan Harapan. The outcomes suggested that the wave of political change and the democratization process were not impossible and yet inevitable and inclusive by taking into account the notion of multi-racial society. This study presents a theoretical debates by inserting an empirical comprehension so that the embedded phenomenon can be explored profoundly in regards to the ideas of regime change and democratization through election.


The cellular biological function of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a major intracellular protein degradation pathway, and as an important modulator for the regulation of many fundamental cellular processes has been greatly appreciated over the last decade. The critical role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in viral pathogenesis has become increasingly apparent. Many viruses have been reported to evolve different strategies to utilize the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for their own benefits. Here, we review the general background and function of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, summarize our current understanding of how viruses use this pathway to target cellular proteins, and finally, discuss the roles of this pathway in enteroviral infection, and the potential therapeutic application of proteasome inhibition in myocarditis.


Attempts to use images as mental models of natural language sentences with spatial prepositions have been hindered by differences in level of detail between propositional and diagrammtic representations. Specifically, when propositional knowledge is modeled with an image, the level of detail of the diagrammatic representation often requires some details to be assumed. Subsequently, it becomes unclear what details in an image are necessary versus arbitrary; this is the Indeterminacy Problem. Previously, a computational model of imagery, ISR, was introduced that can avoid the Indeterminacy Problem by dynamically manipulating images, rather than treating them as static models. This paper reports our attempts to apply ISR in a fairly realistic domain in which spatial prepositions are used to relate the locations of objects in a room. The major difficulty encountered was in modeling the constraints of gravity, and the analysis of this problem exposes a subtle but crucial interaction among various components of ISR. We describe a heuristic solution, and suggest, by similarity to planning, that natural language semantic processors require such heuristics that trade completeness for speed.


Three methods of measurement of the episcleral venous pressure were compared: a torsion balance method, a pressure chamber method, and a cannulation method. All three gave similar results, particularly the latter two, in a series of measurements in anesthetized rabbits. Cannulation gave the most reproducible results, had the sharpest endpoint, and was the most sensitive to pressure changes in a single vessel. The pressure chamber method was found to have a very reproducible endpoint and to give results which did not differ significantly from those obtained by direct cannulation. The torsion balance method was found to be less satisfactory because of difficulty in appreciating an endpoint and was found to give, significantly, the highest values of the three methods.


Non-covalent halogen-bonding interactions between n cloud of acetylene (C2H2) and chlorine atom of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The structure and the energies of the 1:1 C2H2-CCl4 adducts were computed at the B3LYP, MP2 and M05-2X levels of theory using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The computations indicated two minima for the 1:1 C2H2-CCl4 adducts; with the C-Cl center dot center dot center dot pi adduct being the global minimum, where pi cloud of C2H2 is the electron donor. The second minimum corresponded to a C-H...Cl adduct, in which C2H2 is the proton donor. The interaction energies for the adducts A and B were found to be nearly identical. Experimentally, both C-Cl center dot center dot center dot pi and C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl adducts were generated in Ar and N2 matrixes and characterized using infrared spectroscopy. This is the first report on halogen bonded adduct, stabilized through C-Cl center dot center dot center dot pi interaction being identified at low temperatures using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Atoms in Molecules (AIM) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses were performed to support the experimental results. The structures of 2:1 ((C2H2)(2)-CCl4) and 1:2 (C2H2-(CCl4)(2)) multimers and their identification in the low temperature matrixes were also discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


The relationship of knee joint angle to maximum effort quadriceps femoris activity, as measured by smoothed and rectified EMG, was systematically examined in 30 normal and 18 post-meniscectomy limbs. Our results show that motor unit activity depends not only upon joint angle, but also upon peripheral receptor feedback, which is altered in the post-arthrotomy limbs, producing the characteristic "extensor lag" or inability to maintain the knee at 0 degrees while flexing the hip. The significant interaction of joint position and limb condition must therefore be taken into account when evaluating or rehabilitating pathologic joint conditions. Current motor control theory does not account for the findings presented; an alternative model, proposing integration of the central motor program and peripheral receptor feedback, is presented, which may explain the "extensor lag."


Intuitively we believe that different WWW sites have different response time characteristics and that the characteristics change during the course of the day. These differences are important in the Cooperative Information Gathering paradigm because agents search and retrieve information on the WWW with real-time constraints. Thus agents must often plan which sites to search and choose between multiple possible sites -- response time is one factor used in making this choice. In this empirical study we show that different WWW sites have different response time characteristics and that for many sites response times are cyclical within a 24 hour period. We derive regression models for the sites that can be used in Cooperative Information Gathering and propose future research directions.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
The administration of retinoid in various experimental models of induced hepatic cirrhosis has shown antifibrogenic effects. The purpose of this study was to verify if vitamin A could interfere in hepatic fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction.

METHODOLOGY
Male Wistar rats that underwent biliary obstruction were treated 2 weeks before the surgery with a dose of 50 x 10(3) IU retinyl-palmitate, twice a week, and then given the dosage for 5 weeks following surgery. They were then sacrificed and hepatic fragments removed to find out the biochemical dosage of hydroxyproline and the stereologic volume of collagen. Blood samples were also collected to find the biochemical dosage.

RESULTS
The rats that underwent biliary obstruction and received vitamin A presented lower levels of hepatic hydroxyproline (p < 0.001) as well as a lower percentage of collagen tissue than the untreated control rats, but they presented higher AST and ALT serum levels (p < 0.05, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Under the above experimental conditions, the administration of vitamin A significantly reduced hepatic fibrosis.


Demographic evolution is resulting on an aged population increment in Spain. This growth has been more relevant in rural areas, where the population has traditionally lived under hard socio-economic conditions and leveraging the natural resources such as food from family orchards to survive. Studies that have investigated the possibilities and uses of these traditional family orchards today in relation to health-related quality of life in the elderly are scarce. Based on a previous ethnography, this mixed research aims to describe a protocol that will evaluate the effects of the use of traditional family orchards as a daily resource on fitness and quality of life of the elderly population in Las Hurdes (Spain). Body composition, fitness, mental health, health-related quality of life, and activity-related behaviors of participants will be assessed. The outcomes of this study might enable us to design further tailored physical exercise-based interventions using family orchards as an adequate resource to improve the health-related quality of life and fitness of the elderly in rural areas. In addition, the study detailed here might also be applied to other similar rural areas in Spain and worldwide.


We have set the goal of our study to follow the clinical indicators for successful treatment and periodontal
stability after nonsurgical therapy of patients with chronic periodontal disease, using the Lite Touch ER: YAG
laser, versus conventional, mechanical - hand instrumentation. The split mouth design was performed on 20 patients at age ≥ 35 years with chronic periodontitis and 68 teeth with clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm were
included. In each contralateral pair one tooth was treated with "closed curetage" i.e. gingival curettage
followed by SRP (scaling and root planning) using ultrasonic and hand instruments, while the other were
treated with laser assisted gingival curettage followed by laser assisted SRP (scaling and root planning)
using Lite Touch Er: YAG laser. Dental plaque (DP), papilla bleeding index (PBI), clinical attachment level
(CAL), gingival recession (GR), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and bone loss were assessed at the baseline visit and 3 months following therapy. After three months iterative comparison of the data was made showing statistically highly significant difference between patients treated classically with mechanical debridement and laser (p < 0.01) for PBI, PPD, CAL, GR and bone level. The obtained result, using the above mention laser settings, puts the Lite Touch™ Er: YAG laser as an efficient therapeutic tool for closed curettage
and therapy of choice in the treatment of the chronic periodontitis.
Keywords: dental plaque, calculus, Er:YAG laser, chronic periodontis, periodontal treatment


In this study, both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of density-driven flow on the transport of high-concentration pollutants in the hyporheic zone. The results show that the density gradient can change the flow of pore water and the strong density-driven flow can lead to an unstable flow, which increases the effect of preferential flow and thus causes the appearance of solute fingers in the hyporheic zone. Notably, these solute fingers become more obvious with the increase of depth. The appearance of solute fingers depends on the relative strength of the pumping exchange and density gradient, which are represented by the dimensionless number M* and N* respectively. Finger flows appear near the interface when M* is less than 0.5 N*. This study may contribute to better understanding the transport and destination of solutes and thus may provide some insights into the assessment on pollution incidents.


This two-phased, sequential mixed-methods study investigates how raters are influenced by different rating scales on a college-level English as a second language (ESL) writing placement test. In Phase I, nine certified raters rated 152 essays using a holistic, profile-based scale; in Phase II, they rated 200 essays using a binary, analytic scale developed based on the holistic scale and 100 essays using both rating scales. Ratings were examined both quantitatively through Rasch modeling and qualitatively via think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews. Findings from Phase I revealed that, despite satisfactory internal consistency, the raters demonstrated relatively low rater agreement and individual differences in their use of the holistic scale. Findings from Phase II showed that the binary, analytic scale led to much improvement in rater consensus and rater consistency. Another finding from Phase II suggests that the binary, analytic scale helped the raters deconstruct the holistic scale, reducing their cognitive burden. This study represents a creative use of a binary, analytic scale to guide raters through a holistic rating scale. Implications regarding how a rating scale affects rating behavior and performance are discussed.


Despite various tools and systems that can monitor complex engineering environments, bad things still happen regularly in all types of engineering industries. An intelligent system designed to monitor certain indicators, regardless of engineering industry, that might predict catastrophes would ultimately reduce the potential for loss of human life and property.
In this article, 10 catastrophes were researched to identify their root causes and the various root cause combinations. These documented catastrophes covered a broad spectrum of engineering including oil, gas, nuclear, rail, air and space. The root causes identified in the investigation reports were grouped under 10 trait headings and their efficacy was tested using a qualitative fault tree of a credible catastrophic failure scenario. Each trait was adjusted to signify various levels of failure and fed into the prototype system representing the fault tree.
While near real-time monitoring and trend analysis was investigated and shown to support an intelligent system that might predict catastrophe, one of the surprising additional results from the research was highlighting the need to standardize the approach to investigative reports and audits of existing systems. Reporting in the same "technical language" and looking for specific condition levels for each of the traits could provide a true picture of asset condition and the required funding prioritization, as well as assisting the dissemination of findings to all engineering industries.


Turbulence remains a problem that is yet to be fully understood, with experimental and numerical studies aiming to fully characterise the statistical properties of turbulent flows. Such studies require huge amount of resources to capture, simulate, store and analyse the data. In this work, we present physics-informed neural network (PINN) based methods to predict flow quantities and features of two-dimensional turbulence in a rectangular domain with periodic boundaries. While the PINN model can reproduce all the statistics at large scales, the small scale properties are not captured properly. We introduce a new PINN model that can effectively capture the energy distribution at small scales performing better than the standard PINN based approach. It relies on the training of the low and high wavenumber behaviour separately leading to a better estimate of the full turbulent flow. With 0.1 % training data, we observe that the new PINN model captures the turbulent field at inertial scales leading to a general agreement of the kinetic energy spectra upto eight to nine decades as compared with the solutions from direct numerical simulation (DNS). We further apply these techniques to successfully capture the statistical behaviour of large scale modes in the turbulent flow. We believe such methods to have significant applications in enhancing the retrieval of existing turbulent data sets at even shorter time intervals.


The goal of this short paper is twofold: 1) it briefly describes a new performance monitoring tool, XenMon, that we built for the Xen-based virtual environment, and 2) it presents a performance case study that demonstrates and explains how different metrics reported by XenMon can be used in gaining insight into an application's performance and its resource usage/requirements, especially in the case of I/O intensive applications.


An analytical method for solving two-dimensional electromagnetic problems is presented. First, the classical multipolar development is adapted to translation unvarying systems. Second, the link between imaginary parts of the complex Poynting vector and complex power is clarified. Then, using both extensions, a simple expression for complex power of any two-dimensional device is derived. To validate these methods, two devices subjected to an external uniform magnetic field are studied: a cylindrical wire alone and a layer of such wires. Analytical results are compared with those given by electromagnetic simulation software. The dipolar approximation is proven to be accurate enough to investigate the wire layer. It leads to simple formulas that can be used for transformer windings. >


In two experiments, 13 and 9 subjects estimated binocular brightness of targets of large visual extent. On each trial one eye was presented with a fairly intense luminance of 800 cd/m2, and the other eye with one of 12 luminances ranging from zero to 800 cd/m2. The first experiment, using ganzfeld stimuli (stimuli of uniform luminance that cover the entire visual field), produced a large amount of binocular brightness summation and very little Fechner's paradox, a decrease in binocular brightness that occurs when the luminances to the two eyes differ greatly. The second experiment, using a smaller target with very low spatial frequencies, produced greater Fechner's paradox than the ganzfelder, but more binocular summation and less Fechner's paradox than what is usually reported for small targets with abrupt contours. The results suggest a trade off between suppressive and summative mechanisms involving binocular cells that are spatially tuned. The trade off is controlled in the vector-sum model by the angle between vectors, which reflects the total inhibition in spatially tuned, binocular channels.


Precise measurement of betatron tune is required for good operating condition of CSNS RCS. The fractional part of betatron tune is important and it can be measured by analyzing the signals of beam position from the appointed BPM. Usually these signals are contaminated during the acquisition process, therefore several power spectrum methods are used to improve the frequency resolution. In this article classical and modern power spectrum methods are used. In order to compare their performance, the results of simulation data and IQT data from J-PARC RCS are discussed. It is shown that modern power spectrum estimation has better performance than the classical ones, though the calculation is more complex.


Mucormycosis refers to several different disease caused by infection in the order of mucorales. Rhizopus species are the most common causative organism. Most mucormycosis infections are life-threatening and risk factor such as diabetic ketoacidosis and neutropenia, are present in most cases. Severe infection of the facial sinuses, which may extend into the brain, is the most common presentation. We describe our clinical experience with a case of mucormycosis of the maxilla. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of this lethal fungal infection. Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(1): 38-40


The enormous amount of literature on the subject of lymphatic growths in the nasopharynx that our medical journals have been publishing lately is certainly presumptive evidence that the matter has been well sifted from a clinical point of view. It has, but only in consideration of the effects of the condition on children, under 15 generally. In these cases the assertions of Meyer of Copenhagen, thirty years since, have been thoroughly worked out. The definite connection between habitual mouth-breathing, and mental as well as physical development, has been established. The peculiar characteristic departure from the composite type of human skulls shown by those who throughout life have had functionless noses is also defined, and as this essay hopes to show, logically. The bones whose part is the greatest in this change are those making up the hard palate. From the gently rounded curve of the roof of the mouth, that


Indonesian language has a very important position, namely: As a National Language, and as a State Language. That is why in elementary schools, junior high schools, to universities, Indonesian is a subject that must be mastered. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the role playing method on the learning outcomes of Indonesian in the remaining junior high schools in Kampak District. Researchers used classroom action research in class VIII through two stages of the cycle. The results show that there are differences in learning outcomes. Where the results are better when the teacher uses the role playing method in Indonesian language learning.


The effect of a restricting layer (1 foot thick) on the flow of water to drain tiles has been evaluated by the relaxation method using a digital computer to perform the calculation. The following factors were varied alone and in combination: (a) depth to the restricting layer, (b) relative conductivity of the restricting layer to the surrounding soil, and (c) the depth of the drain. For all cases, a constant hydraulic head was assumed along the soil surface and within a gravel envelope surrounding the tile. An impermeable layer was considered to exist at 7 feet. Drain flux was calculated for each case and compared to give the relative effectiveness of the drains at the selected depths. There is nearly a linear relationship between drain flux and depth of drain when the relative conductivity of the restricting layer to the surrounding soil is 1:10. For 1:100 and 1:1000 conductivity ratio cases, drain flux is nearly independent of depth. The surface intake rate distribution is presented for several cases. The calculations show that a sizeable tension extending over a large portion of the soil profile would be expected for several of the cases.


The development of the intestinal B-cell compartment in C3H/He mice was studied as a function of age by quantification of the number of intestinal immunoglobulin-secreting cells (Ig-SC). Before and at weaning, the number of Ig-SC in the small intestine (SI) was below 10(3) Ig-SC per SI. During the first few weeks after weaning, this number rose steeply and continued to rise until the mice were about 48 weeks old, when a maximum of more than 25 x 10(6) Ig-SC per SI was found. After 1 year of age the number of Ig-SC decreased. At all ages, the great majority of Ig-SC in the SI produced IgA. The increase of the number of IgA-SC in the SI after weaning is reflected in the amount of IgA in intestinal secretions measured by ELISA. The number of Ig-SC in the SI was compared with the number of Ig-SC found in spleen, bone marrow, Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Striking differences were observed between the SI and the other organs tested in total number, isotype distribution and kinetics of the increase of Ig-SC during ontogeny. These differences are discussed in relation to the regulation of the immune response in the SI and the migration patterns of lymphocytes in mucosal tissues.