Abstract The periodic dispersal and assembly of continental fragments has been an inherent feature of the continental crust. Based on the discovery of large-scale supercontinent cycle and the theory of plate tectonics, several supercontinents have been identified, such as Columbia/Nuna, Rodinia, Gondwana and Pangaea. Neoproterozoic magmatic events related to the break-up of Rodinia are globally well preserved. Although Neoproterozoic magmatic events were very weak in the North China Craton (NCC), they are crucial in reconstructing the geometries of the NCC and could facilitate the completion of the Neoproterozoic configuration of the supercontinent. In this study, c. 853–835 Ma magmatic rocks are identified in the western margin of the NCC. Precise zircon U–Pb age determination yields 206Pb/238U average ages of 835.5 ± 5.3 Ma (HL-39) and 853.7 ± 4.5 Ma (HL-30). In situ zircon Hf isotope compositions of the samples reveal that their parental magma was formed by the reworking of ancient crust evolved from Mesoproterozoic mantle. In summary, the discovery of Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks in the western margin of the NCC, and reported synchronous rocks in other parts of the NCC indicate that the NCC might be conjoined with the supercontinent Rodinia during the Neoproterozoic. This discovery is of significant help in unravelling the early Neoproterozoic history of the NCC and the evolution of the supercontinent Rodinia.


The Red Data Book of Ukraine is an official national Red List of threatened species of plants, animals and fungi that are protected by law in Ukraine. This state document contains information about the current status of these species, threats and measures for their conservation and reproduction. According to the Law of Ukraine On the Red Book Data of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine provides official publication of the printed version of the Red Data Book of Ukraine at least once a decade. In 2021, based on the results of the studies carried out over the past decade, the list of fungi in the Red Data Book of Ukraine was extended to include twenty more species (Amylocystis lapponica, Battarrea phalloides, Butyriboletus appendiculatus, B. fechtneri, B. fuscoroseus, B. subappendiculatus, Chalciporus rubinus, Hemileccinum depilatum, Hericium erinaceum, Kavinia alboviridis, Montagnea radiosa, Mythicomyces corneipes, Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum, Plectania melastoma, Poronia punctata, Rubroboletus lupinus, R. rhodoxanthus, R. rubrosanguineus, R. satanas, and Suillus plorans), while nine species of fungi were excluded for various reasons (Anthurus archeri, Clathrus ruber, Entoloma nidorosum, Gyromitra slonevskii, Laricifomes officinalis, Morchella steppicola, Mutinus ravenelii, Phallus duplicatus, and Pseudocolus fusiformis). The article provides brief information and original photographs of the added twenty species of fungi of national conservation concern.


Chromium (VI) adsorption behavior and capacity by surface modified nanozeolite A has been investigated. Surface modification was performed and the morphology of modified and unmodified nanozeolite was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Adsorption isotherms were studied under different conditions (pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration and interaction time). The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) was found to be 14.16 mg Cr(VI) per gram at pH = 3.0 at room temperature. Chromate adsorption on surface modified nanozeolite A was found to be inversely proportional to the pH. Effect of competitive ions was studied and it was found that there is no significant competition between chromate adsorption and presence of competitive ions. Results revealed that Langmuir model is in good agreement with experimental re-sults. Results of examinations on a polluted natural sample showed that surface modified nanozeolite A could reduce chromium (VI) concentration to acceptable criteria. Based on results, surface modified nanozeolite A is an effective sorbent for removing chromate from aquatic solution and the adsorption ability is enhanced by surface modification.


This paper presents a pulsewidth modulation dc-dc nonisolated buck converter using the three-state switching cell, constituted by two active switches, two diodes, and two coupled inductors. Only part of the load power is processed by the active switches, reducing the peak current through the switches to half of the load current, as higher power levels can then be achieved by the proposed topology. The volume of reactive elements, i.e., inductors and capacitors, is also decreased since the ripple frequency of the output voltage is twice the switching frequency. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the topology, total losses are distributed among all semiconductors. Another advantage of this converter is the reduced region for discontinuous conduction mode when compared to the conventional buck converter or, in other words, the operation range in continuous conduction mode is increased, as demonstrated by the static gain plot. The theoretical approach is detailed through qualitative and quantitative analyses by the application of the three-state switching cell to the buck converter operating in nonoverlapping mode (D <; 0.5). Besides, the mathematical analysis and development of an experimental prototype rated at 1 kW are carried out. The main experimental results are presented and adequately discussed to clearly identify its claimed advantages.


Background: Up to 17% of children in the United States have been diagnosed with asthma; children ages 9-14 years experience higher morbidity and mortality compared with other age groups. An academic and counseling program for older elementary students with asthma was developed in collaboration with school personnel, healthcare professionals, and community members: Staying Healthy-Asthma Responsible and Prepared (SHARP). The life span development perspective and the Acceptance of Asthma Model were used to guide development and implementation. Objectives: This study aimed to establish the preliminary efficacy of SHARP to improve cognitive, behavioral, psychosocial, and quality-of-life outcomes. Methods: A two-group, longitudinal, prospective, cluster randomized clinical trial design was used. The sample of fourth- to sixth-grade students (N = 66) with asthma aged 9-12 years (M = 10.5, SD = 0.9) was 52% male, was racially diverse (30% Black, 36% White, and 18% biracial), and had a wide range of incomes. Three schools (n = 38 students) were randomized to receive SHARP, and two schools (n = 28 students) were assigned to usual care. Self-report instruments were used. Results: Compared with the usual care group, statistically significant improvements in the SHARP group were found in student knowledge of asthma, reasoning about asthma, use of risk reduction behaviors, and participation in life activities (p < .01, effect sizes >0.7). Improvements in use of episode management behaviors and acceptance of asthma outcomes were clinically significant with medium effect sizes of 0.3-0.5. Discussion: The SHARP Student and Community Components demonstrated preliminary efficacy for improving asthma knowledge, reasoning about asthma, use of episode management and risk reduction behaviors, acceptance of asthma in taking control and vigilance, and participation in life activities.


As research into magnetic thin films and spintronics devices is moving from single to multiple magnetic layers, there is a need for micromagnetics modelling tools specifically designed to efficiently handle magnetic multilayers. Here we show an exact method of computing demagnetising fields in magnetic multilayers, which is able to handle layers with arbitrary spacing, arbitrary thicknesses, and arbitrary relative positioning between them without impacting on the computational performance, or sacrificing numerical accuracy. The multilayered convolution method is a generalisation of the well-known convolution method used to compute demagnetising fields in a single magnetic body. In typical use cases, such as multilayered stacks used to study skyrmions, we show the multilayered convolution method can be up to 8 times faster, implemented both for central processors and graphics processors, compared to the simple convolution method.


Corticotropin deficiency may occur after pituitary surgery, and, if unrecognized and untreated, it can be fatal. In this study the insulin tolerance test was used to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reserve five to seven days after pituitary surgery, and postoperative morning serum cortisol concentration was compared with the insulin tolerance test for predicting corticotropin deficiency. In 35 patients with pituitary tumors studied prospectively, 27 had normal insulin tolerance test results five to seven days after pituitary surgery; in these patients, the morning serum cortisol concentration two to three days after surgery was 250 nmol/L (9 micrograms/dL) or greater. Eight patients had subnormal insulin tolerance test results or clinical evidence of adrenal insufficiency; the morning serum cortisol concentration in these patients was 80 nmol/L (3 micrograms/dL) or less. Postoperative adrenal insufficiency was transient (one to three months) in five of these eight patients. We retrospectively identified 45 patients whose postoperative morning serum cortisol values were 200 nmol/L (7 micrograms/dL) or greater; none of these patients had clinical evidence of adrenal insufficiency. We conclude that a morning serum cortisol level obtained two to three days after surgery and 24 hours after the discontinuation of hydrocortisone accurately predicts postoperative corticotropin reserve.


Human rights in the treaty relations of the European Community: real virtues or virtual reality? / Mielle Bulterman. Antwerpen: Intersentia, 2001. xv, 335 p. (School ofHuman Rights Research Series; no. 7) ISBN: 90-5095-164-3 Since the 1990s, a 'human rights clause' has been included in all economic and cooperation agreements between the European Community and third countries. On the one hand, this clause aims to confirm that human rights are a topic ofcommon interest, part of the political dialogue between the contracting parties. Thus it provides a basis for the implementation of common programmes. On the other hand, it aims to provide a clear legal basis for restrictive measures including suspension of the agreement as ultimum remedium in response to human rights violations or interruptions of the democratic process in one of the contracting parties. Both aspects of the human rights clause are closely linked and equally important: they are the different sides ofone and the same coin. This study focuses on the legal aspects of the use of the human rights clause as a basis for restrictive measures in case of human rights violations by a contracting party. In practice this function of the human rights clause is the most sensitive; from a legal perspective it is the most controversial. In order to establish the legal framework for the practical implementation ofthe human rights, different fields of law are explored: European Union law, public international law and international human rights law.


During anthesis, there is an increased demand for carbohydrates due to pollen maturation and nectary secretion that warrants a systematic phloem unloading strategy for sugar partitioning. Sugar transporters are key components of the apoplasmic phloem unloading strategy and control the sugar flux needed for plant development. Currently, the phloem unloading strategy during anthesis has not been explored in cucumber, and the question of which sugar transporters are active during flower anthesis is poorly understood. In this study, a study utilizing the phloem-mobile symplasmic tracer carboxyfluorescein (CF) suggested that the phloem unloading was symplasmically isolated in the receptacle and nectary of cucumber flowers at anthesis. We also identified a hexose transporter that is highly expressed in cucumber flower, Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 7a (SWEET7a). CsSWEET7a was mainly expressed in receptacle and nectary tissues in both male and female flowers, where its expression level increased rapidly right before anthesis. At anthesis, the CsSWEET7a protein was specifically localized to the phloem region of the receptacle and nectary, indicating that CsSWEET7a may function in the apoplasmic phloem unloading during flower anthesis. Although cucumber mainly transports raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in the phloem, sucrose, glucose, and fructose are the major sugars in the flower receptacle and the nectary as well as in nectar at anthesis. In addition, the transcript levels of genes encoding soluble sugar hydrolases (α-galactosidase, sucrose synthase, cytoplasmic invertase, and cell wall invertase) were correlated with that of CsSWEET7a. These results indicated that CsSWEET7a may be involved in sugar partitioning as an exporter in the phloem of the receptacle and nectary to supply carbohydrates for flower anthesis and nectar secretion in cucumber.


A technique to digitally document and thereby permanently preserve prehistoric rock art has been developed. Laser scanning and texture mapping from digital images were used. Methods involving texture mapping require the exact relationships between the image and geometrical sensors. For geological structures, such as caves, the distinctive features required for registering the texture with the geometric model are difficult to find and extract. The developed technique combines a photogrammetric bundle adjustment and surveying observations to specific detail points to register the images with the scanner data, rather than searching for individual corresponding points. The technique is implemented and tested on Aboriginal painting at the Baiame rock art cave in New South Wales, Australia. The result is an extremely realistic virtual tour of the cave and its important rock art.


Determining resection margins for gastric cancer, which are not exposed to the serosal surface of the stomach, is the most important procedure during totally laparoscopic gastrectomy (TLG). The aim of this protocol is to introduce a procedure for intraoperative gastroscopy, in order to directly mark tumors during TLG for gastric cancer in the middle third of the stomach. Patients who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in the middle third of the stomach were enrolled in this case series. Before surgery, additional gastroscopy for tumor localization is not performed. Under general anesthesia, laparoscopic mobilization of the stomach is performed first. After the first portion of the duodenum is mobilized from the pancreas and clamped, the surgeon moves to the other side for the gastroscopic procedure. On the insertion of a gastroscope through the oral cavity into the stomach, 2 - 3 cc of indigo carmine is administered via an endoscopic injector into the gastric muscle layer at the proximal margin of the stomach. The location of stained serosa in the laparoscopic view is used to guide distal subtotal gastrectomy, however, total gastrectomy is performed if the tumor is too close to the esophagogastric junction. A specimen is sampled after distal gastrectomy to confirm sufficient length from resection margin to tumor before reconstruction. In our case series, all patients had tumor-free margins and required no additional resection. There was no morbidity related to the gastroscopic procedure, and the time required for the procedure has gradually decreased to about five minutes. Intraoperative gastroscopy for tumor localization is an accurate and tolerated method for gastric cancer patients undergoing totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.


The assumption that genes encoding tyrosine kinase receptors could play a role in human cancers has been confirmed by the identification of oncogenic mutations in the kinase domain of RET and KIT. Recently, homologous residues were found mutated in MET, in papillary renal carcinomas (PRCs). The link coupling these genetic lesions to cellular transformation is still unclear. METPRC mutations result in increased kinase activity and-in some instances, i.e., M1250T substitution-in changes in substrate specificity. A direct correlation occurs between the transforming potential of METPRC mutants and their ability to constitutively associate with signal transducers through two phosphorylated tyrosines (Y1349VHVNATY1356VNV) located in the receptor tail. Substitution of these "docking tyrosines" with phenylalanines leaves unaffected the altered properties of the kinase but abrogates transformation and invasiveness in vitro. Uncoupling the receptor from signal transducers with a tyrosine-phosphorylated peptide derivative (YpVNV) inhibits invasive growth induced by METPRC mutants. These data indicate that constitutive receptor coupling to downstream signal transducers is a key mechanism in neoplastic transformation driven by mutated MET and suggest a therapeutic strategy to target neoplastic diseases associated with this oncogene.


Background: Health risks due to particulate matter (PM) from wildfires may differ from risk due to PM from other sources. In places frequently subjected to wildfire smoke, such as Reno, Nevada, it is critical to determine whether wildfire PM poses unique risks. Our goal was to quantify the difference in the association of adverse asthma events with PM on days when wildfire smoke was present versus days when wildfire smoke was not present. Methods: We obtained counts of visits for asthma at emergency departments and urgent care centers from a large regional healthcare system in Reno for the years 2013-2018. We also obtained dates when wildfire smoke was present from the Washoe County Health District Air Quality Management Division. We then examined whether the presence of wildfire smoke modified the association of PM 2.5 , PM 10-2.5 , and PM 10 with asthma visits using generalized additive models. We improved on previous studies by accounting for possible non-linearity in the association between PM concentration and asthma visits: wildfire-smoke days where the PM concentration exceeded the maximum PM concentration on other days were excluded. Results: Air quality was affected by wildfire smoke on 188 days between 2013 and 2018. We found that the presence of wildfire smoke increased the association of a 5 µg/m 3 increase in daily and three-day averages of PM 2.5 with asthma visits by 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-10.3%) and 6.8% (CI: 1.2-12.7%), respectively. Similarly, the presence of wildfire smoke increased the association of a 5 µg/m 3 increase in daily and three-day averages of PM 10 with asthma visits by 5.5% (CI: 2.5-8.6%) and 7.2% (CI: 2.6-12.0%), respectively. We did not observe any significant increases in association for PM 10-2.5 or for seven-day averages of PM 2.5 and PM 10 . Conclusions: Since we found significantly stronger associations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 with asthma visits when wildfire smoke was present, our results suggest that wildfire PM is more hazardous than non-wildfire PM for patients with asthma.


The article suggests a new etymology of the Pskov microtoponym Polonishche. Based on the common Slavic meaning of the word polon "a clean place free for pasture or haymaking", preserved in Polesye region, as well as the semantics of the suffix -ishche, the article hypothesizes that Polonishche in Pskov was originally called the territory near the city where cattle were grazed. Based on the data of the Pskov chronicles, the article hypothesizes that the territory between the city walls of 1309 and 1375 was never called Polonishche, as it is commonly believed in modern historiography, while the early mentions of the microtoponym Polonishche in the text of the Pskov Second Chronicle in articles for the XIV century are late interpolations into the chronicle text. The microtoponym Polonishche originally designated the territory behind the wall of 1375, and gradually "replaced" the microtoponym Polye, which designated the territory located behind residential buildings adjacent to the city walls. The microtoponym Polye "field" most likely appeared before Polonishcha, but the chronicle data for the XIV century is very difficult to interpret, since the term Polye or field could well be used by chroniclers in a physiographic, rather than toponymic meaning. After the construction of the wall of the Roundabout City in 1465, the distinction between these names became clearer. Polonishche continued to be called the territory between the walls of 1375 and 1465, and the Polye began to denote the area behind the wall of the Roundabout City.


Isoforms of intrapituitary human TSH were separated by gel isoelectrofocusing, and their immunoreactivity analyzed by subsequent immunoblotting using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Under these conditions, TSH polymorphism could be resolved as seven major isoforms (pI 8.6, 8.3, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, and 6.0) by both silver staining of the gels and binding to anti-TSH polyclonal antibodies. The distribution pattern of these forms appeared totally distinct from that of individual TSH alpha (pI 8.8, 8.4, 8.2, 7.6, 7.4, 6.8, 6.6, 5.8, and 5.4) and TSH beta (pI 8.7, 8.1, 7.2, 6.8, 6.2, and 5.8) subunits. While most anti-TSH polyclonal antibodies recognized neutral and alkaline isoforms of TSH (pI 8.6, 8.3, 8.0, 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, and 6.0) through beta determinants, they displayed a variable potency to bind acidic forms of the hormone (pI 5.8, 5.5, 4.8, and 4.5), in contrast to anti-TSH alpha antisera, which enlighted the broadest spectrum of isoforms. Monoclonal antibodies of various specificities largely reproduced this distribution, indicating that at least five distinct epitopes are coexpressed in the neutral and alkaline forms of TSH, but only two are expressed in the acidic ones. All of the forms were found to induce cAMP production and stimulate growth of FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells, although neutral forms proved to be definitely less potent than the others. We therefore, conclude that TSH isoforms differ in the expression of both their immunoreactive and bioactive domains and that the bioactive/immunoreactive ratio is not an accurate index for the biopotency of the hormone.


A detailed study of the reaction of oximes by lead tetraacetate has been made. It has beers found that the reaction gave nitrogen and the respective aldehydes or ketones in good yields.. In the reaction, which can be applied to general oximes, the order of yields was: aliphatic aldoximes >aliphatic ketoximes>alicyclic ketoximes >aromatic ketoximes>aromatic aldoximes. Some limited mechanistic implications are presented and discussed on the basis of the results obtained. Stoichiometrically, it has been found that 2 moles of oxime react with 1 mole of lead tetraacetate to produce 2 moles of aldehyde or ketone and 1 mole of nitrogen.


Attending psychiatrists completed an anchored version of the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-A) based on admission and evaluation information on a total of 2,921 adult patients treated at 1 public sector acute psychiatric teaching hospital. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to a 6-month sample to construct 4 nonoverlapping subscales: Resistance, Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, and Psychological Discomfort. Confirmatory factor analysis compared these new subscales to 3 other published subscale models using a second 6-month sample. Internal consistency, rater influence, and interrater agreement were estimated in separate studies. Discriminant validity was explored by comparison of diagnosis-based samples. Application of the BPRS-A as a debriefing instrument in the study of symptomatic change and the multiple challenges inherent in psychometric study of such a rating scale in realistic hospital practice are discussed.


Some of the clinical and research problems associated with so-called attention deficit disorder (ADD), minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) and hyperactivity in childhood are surveyed. It is concluded that there is no international consensus as regards diagnostic criteria, prevalence of severe disorders is in the range of 1-5% of all preschool children, management is dependent on a wide variety of treatment facilities and that outcome is relatively poor in the 5- to 10-year perspective but that it may be somewhat better if the children are followed up to adult life.


We present a novel distributed video coding algorithm based on transform coding of distributed sources and exploiting the geometrical relationships between the location of the sensors. The geometry is used to align the video sequences and distributed quantization of transform coefficients is used to eliminate spatial and inter-sensor redundancy. In contrast with most of the current video compression standards which only exploit spatial and temporal redundancy within each video sequence, we also consider the significant redundancy between the sequences. Results demonstrate that our algorithm yields a significant saving in bit rate on the overlapping portion of multiple views


The coupled interaction of a cantilevered Kirchhoff–Love plate with two vortex filaments of equal and opposite circulation in an infinite incompressible, inviscid, and irrotational fluid domain is investigated. The vortices initially advect toward the cantilevered plate, which is oriented perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the vortex pair and undergoes cylindrical bending. As the pair approaches the plate, the pressure field induced by the vortices deflects the plate and initiates vibration of the structure. The vibration of the structure, in turn, alters the path of the two vortices. The level of interaction depends on the vortex circulation and on the ratio of the plate inertia to the fluid inertia, termed the mass ratio. In general, the vortices tend to pass around the plate and eventually advect away from the plate, albeit with a modified trajectory, which depends on the strength of the fluid and structure coupling. The energy imparted to the plate increases with increasing vortex circulation and decreasing mass ratio. The findings of this study provide an initial framework for assessing the energy that can be imparted to a plate for energy harvesting purposes by coherent fluid structures in the absence of viscous effects.


The purpose of this study is to describe the types of use of language style in the collection of poems of "Dear You" by Moammar Emka published in 2011. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods. The data source in this study is a collection of poems contained in the poem "Dear You" by Moammar Emka. Data collection techniques in research, using content analysis techniques (text). The results of this study indicate that the use of language style and the value of character education in the collection of poetry "Dear You" by MoammarEmka has a type of language style: (a) parables, (b) metaphors, (c) personification, (d) depersonification, (e) hyperbole, (f) litotes, (g) metonimia, (h) sinekdoke, (i) alliteration, and (j) asonance. Of the ten language styles, the data obtained were 117 data with the smallest data of four data, namely the style of asonance language and the most data of thirty-four data, namely the style of the metaphorical language.


In this paper, we present a hybrid frequency shift keying and frequency division multiplexing (i.e., FSK–FDM) approach for information embedding in dual-function radar and communication (DFRC) design to achieve an improved communication data rate. Since most of the existing works focus on merely two-bit transmission in each pulse repetition interval (PRI) using different amplitude modulation (AM)- and phased modulation (PM)-based techniques, this paper proposes a new technique that doubles the data rate by using a hybrid FSK–FDM technique. Note that the AM-based techniques are used when the communication receiver resides in the side lobe region of the radar. In contrast, the PM-based techniques perform better if the communication receiver is in the main lobe region. However, the proposed design facilitates the delivery of information bits to the communication receivers with an improved bit rate (BR) and bit error rate (BER) regardless of their locations in the radar's main lobe or side lobe regions. That is, the proposed scheme enables information encoding according to the transmitted waveforms and frequencies using FSK modulation. Next, the modulated symbols are added together to achieve a double data rate using the FDM technique. Finally, each transmitted composite symbol contains multiple FSK-modulated symbols, resulting in an increased data rate for the communication receiver. Numerous simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


The article describes modern methods for diagnostics of clinical, subclinical and latent forms of the papilloma viral infection. The authors reviewed different methods of the destruction of anogenital warts and described their advantages and shortcomings. They provide the results of studies of the efficacy of Imiquimod for the treatment of anogenital warts.


The metallic open Fermi surface of quasi-1D conductors, such as the (TMTSF)2X family, is destabilized in moderate magnetic fields inducing a semi-metallic SDW phase. The origin of this phenomenon is a quantum interference effect: Because of phase coherence between the SDW and the electron-hole wave function, the susceptibility diverges at low T for a set of quantized wavevector, leading to a metal SDW critical line made of a succession of segments, each of them labelled by a quantum number. Below this line, we expect, in increasing field, a cascade of first-order transitions between SDW phases corresponding to different quantum numbers, as observed recently in salts of the (TMTSF)2X family. Within each phase, SDW ordering and orbital quantization open an infinite series of gaps in the quasi-particle spectrum. The wave vector is quantized so that the Fermi level lies in the middle of a Landau gap. Significant departures from BCS behaviour are predicted.


Transport alternating current (ac) loss measurements were performed on a series of rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate (RABiTS) processed YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) coated conductors at 77 K. While each sample possessed a 1 µm layer of YBCO and a 3 µm silver cap layer, two different nickel alloy substrates were used and their impact on the ac loss was examined. Both substrates possessed a 75 µm Ni–5 at%W base, but one substrate also had a 2 µm nickel overlayer as part of the buffer layer architecture. The ac losses, which were determined by thermal and electrical measurements, contained two dominant contributions: superconductive hysteresis in the YBCO and ferromagnetic hysteresis in the substrates. The superconductive component followed the Norris elliptic model for the substrate with the nickel overlayer and the Norris thin strip model for the substrate without the nickel overlayer. The substrates' ferromagnetic loss was determined separately through magnetization measurements, which showed that this loss contribution was independent of the presence of the nickel overlayer for effective ac currents less than 50 A. While the overall loss was lower for the thin-strip-like conductor with no nickel overlayer, further research is necessary to strengthen this connection.


Defective control of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells might predispose to multiple sclerosis (MS) by allowing EBV-infected autoreactive B cells to accumulate in the central nervous system. We have treated a patient with secondary progressive MS with in vitro-expanded autologous EBV-specific CD8+ T cells directed against viral latent proteins. This adoptive immunotherapy had no adverse effects and the patient showed clinical improvement with reduced disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging and decreased intrathecal immunoglobulin production. This is the first report of the use of EBV-specific adoptive immunotherapy to treat MS or any other autoimmune disease.


This paper mainly outlines a 3D SiP (System-in-package) project simulation flow, describes the 3D SiP simulation technology detailed. Generally, the 3D SiP simulation consists of two sections, the first section is to import the design data into a full wave 3D EM simulation tool, to extract the S-Parameter for nets. Then in the second section, put the S-Parameter into a 2D simulation tool, to get the signal waveform or eye diagram. In this paper, we detailed describe the 3D SiP simulation requirements and processes, simulation flow, design data translation, 3D EM model extraction, eye diagram simulation and etc. Finally we get the simulation result and present the conclusion and optimization suggestions.


Objectives: Sick building syndrome (SBS) is described as a group of symptoms attributed to the physical environment of specific buildings. Isolating particular environmental features responsible for the symptoms has proved difficult. This study explores the role and significance of the physical and psychosocial work environment in explaining SBS. Methods: Cross sectional data on the physical environment of a selection of buildings were added to individual data from the Whitehall II study—an ongoing health survey of office based civil servants. A self-report questionnaire was used to capture 10 symptoms of the SBS and psychosocial work stress. In total, 4052 participants aged 42–62 years working in 44 buildings were included in this study. Results: No significant relation was found between most aspects of the physical work environment and symptom prevalence, adjusted for age, sex, and employment grade. Positive (non-significant) relations were found only with airborne bacteria, inhalable dust, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and having some control over the local physical environment. Greater effects were found with features of the psychosocial work environment including high job demands and low support. Only psychosocial work characteristics and control over the physical environment were independently associated with symptoms in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The physical environment of office buildings appears to be less important than features of the psychosocial work environment in explaining differences in the prevalence of symptoms.


The phrase, 'institutional logic' has become somewhat of a buzz-word. Buzz words are over used; as a result their meanings often get distorted and overextended and they burn-out of existence. Mizruchi and Fein (1999) showed in the institutional theory literature how meanings get distorted and then taken for granted. To avoid misunderstandings of the institutional logic concept and to build on research in this genre, now is the time to reflect on definitions and the theoretical and methodological contributions this perspective brings to the analysis of institutions. We begin by defining the concept of an institutional logic and how it emerged as part of the development of institutional theory since the 1970s. Second, we illustrate the institutional logics approach as both a metatheory and a method of analysis. Third, we present a select review of the literature emphasizing how the institutional logics approach makes headway in addressing several limitations and tensions identified by scholars of institutional analysis. In this review we focus on an analysis of the implicit and explicit social mechanisms employed in these studies, not on the description or strength of their empirical findings. Last, we critique the literature on institutional logics and suggest how the approach can be used to further advance the study of organizations and institutions. The research on institutional logics represents an impressive variety of empirical contexts, from thrifts (Haveman and Rao, 1997), higher education publishing (Thornton and Ocasio, 1999), health care organizations (Scott et al., 2000), colleges and universities (Gumport, 2000), consumer research (Moorman, 2002), mutual funds (Lounsbury, 2002), French cuisine (Rao, Monin, and Durand, 2003), equity markets (Zajac and Westphal, 2004), accounting firms (Thornton, Jones, and Kury, 2005), occupational prestige rankings (Zhou, 2005), and architects (Jones and Livne-Tarandach (Forthcoming), among others. Given the incredible diversity of research topics, what are institutional logics?


The results of analysis of operation conditions and causes for damaging of subway carriage underframes are presented, the assessment of results obtained is given, and the conclusions on reliability of separate underframe elements are made.


There is a variety of different cosmogenic radionuclide-based reconstructions of solar activity varia- tions for the past. Especially the longer-term changes and the absolute levels of past solar activity are uncertain as it is illustrated by the differences between these reconstructions. On the one hand there are differences between 10 Be and 14 C records that are commonly used as proxies for the varying so- lar modulation of galactic cosmic rays. On the other hand es- timates of past changes in the geomagnetic shielding also in- clude relatively large uncertainties. Here, we concentrate on variations in cosmogenic radionuclide records on time scales of 50 to 500 yr. We show that these are to a large extent independent of the geomagnetic field intensity. The range of variability of cosmogenic radionuclide records allows us to set constraints about long-term changes in solar activity. These records indicate that present solar activity levels were reached or exceeded regularly in the past.


Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a burdensome condition that has been made worse by the Covid-19 pandemic and that can lead to suicide, especially among childhood trauma victims, rape victims, military service members, and law enforcement. Physiological responses characterized by PTSD are thought to be evolutionary mechanisms that function to promote survival by heightening the stress response in an anticipatory fashion, allowing the organism to react quickly to recurring stressors or threats, even when stressors or threats are not present in the immediate environment. Frequent and sudden activation of the stress response can be uncomfortable and deleterious to health. The mammalian dive response (MDR) is another evolutionary adaptation that functions to promote survival by conserving oxygen when submerged underwater, and like the stress response, it disrupts the homeostatic environment. However, the physiological reactions induced by the MDR are mostly mediated parasympathetically and promote dramatic slowing of the heart rate, while the fight or flight response has opposite physiological effects. Frequent activation of the MDR and its parasympathetic components, such as bradycardia and vagus nerve stimulation, might inhibit sympathetic nervous system (SNS) factors involved with stress and may condition lasting beneficial changings of parasympathetic physiology that protect against the deleterious SNS mechanisms involved in prolonged stress and PTSD.


In this paper, we propose a novel auxiliary loss function for target-speaker automatic speech recognition (ASR). Our method automatically extracts and transcribes target speaker's utterances from a monaural mixture of multiple speakers speech given a short sample of the target speaker. The proposed auxiliary loss function attempts to additionally maximize interference speaker ASR accuracy during training. This will regularize the network to achieve a better representation for speaker separation, thus achieving better accuracy on the target-speaker ASR. We evaluated our proposed method using two-speaker-mixed speech in various signal-to-interference-ratio conditions. We first built a strong target-speaker ASR baseline based on the state-of-the-art lattice-free maximum mutual information. This baseline achieved a word error rate (WER) of 18.06% on the test set while a normal ASR trained with clean data produced a completely corrupted result (WER of 84.71%). Then, our proposed loss further reduced the WER by 6.6% relative to this strong baseline, achieving a WER of 16.87%. In addition to the accuracy improvement, we also showed that the auxiliary output branch for the proposed loss can even be used for a secondary ASR for interference speakers' speech.


OBJECTIVES
The calvaria from Cioclovina (Romania) has been argued to possess some traits commonly ascribed to individuals belonging to the Neanderthal lineage, including a suprainiac fossa. However, its supranuchal morphology has only been evaluated with a qualitative analysis of the ectocranial surface. We evaluate whether the morphology of the supranuchal area of this specimen is homologous to the Neanderthal condition.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
We described in detail the external morphology, and, using computed tomography, investigated the internal morphology of the Cioclovina supranuchal area. We took measurements of the internal structures and calculated their relative contributions to total cranial vault thickness, which were compared to published data and evaluated with a principal component analysis (PCA).

RESULTS
The Cioclovina supranuchal region is characterized by superficial resorption present on the outer layer of the external table. Neither the diploic layer nor the external table decrease in relative thickness in the area above inion. In the PCA, Cioclovina falls within the convex hulls of recent modern Homo sapiens.

DISCUSSION
Our results show that the morphology of the Cioclovina supranuchal region does not correspond to the external and internal morphology of the typical Neanderthal suprainiac fossa. It cannot be characterized as a depression but rather as an area presenting superficial bone turnover. Together with earlier results, there is little phenotypic evidence that Cioclovina has high levels of Neanderthal ancestry. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of this quantitative method in assessing proposed Neanderthal-like suprainiac depressions in Upper Paleolithic and other fossil specimens.


A duty of employee loyalty seems i-suited to modern-day labor relations, where employees often drive employers toward economic ruin in order to gain bargaining concessions. Indeed, in enacting the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA"), 1 Congress expressly protected many disloyal employee actions, including work stoppages2 and picketing.' The NLRA, however, fails to address directly whether employees who publicly disparage their employers' business activities deserve protection from reprisals. Drawing on the Supreme Court's opinion in NLRB v Local Union No. 1229 ("Jefferson Standard")," the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB" or "Board") and federal circuit courts have attempted to fill this gap by permitting an employer to fire employees who commit acts of "indefensible" disloyalty during a labor dispute. However, no satisfactory standard has emerged for determining the point at which disparagement becomes "indefensible." The lack of a satisfactory standard threatens the rights of employees engaged in labor disputes. Disloyalty is a pliable and subjective concept that could chill much employee activity currently protected by the NLRA. Moreover, the disloyalty doctrine has ap-


Introduction. Although glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a strong clinical potential, little is known of how the posttranslational modifications of GDNF affect its biological activity and therapeutic potential. In mammalian cells GDNF is synthesized as a preproprotein. During secretion GDNF dimerizes, folds with -S-S- bonds, is modified by N-linked glycosylation, and undergoes proteolytic processing. After production in E. coli, unglycosylated GDNF is renaturated in vitro. Nevertheless, GDNF from E. coli was used in Parkinson's disease-related clinical trials. Material and methods. Constructs encoding variants of human GDNF were generated and expressed in mammalian cells. The proteins were analysed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, RET-phosphorylation assays, and N-terminal sequencing. The stability of mammalian GDNF was compared to commercial GDNF produced in E. coli. Results. Posttranslational processing of mammalian GDNF depends on the expression conditions. Two forms of GDNF with different N-termini are formed. GDNF without a prosequence is secreted and biologically active. GDNF is modified by N-linked glycosylation at one (Asn49) out of two consensus sites. N-linked glycosylation aids proteolytic processing of GDNF. Both glycosylated and unglycosylated GDNF from mammalian cells are more stable than GDNF from E. coli. Discussion. Posttranslational modifications of GDNF influence its stability, which may be critical for its clinical use.


Abstract: Glyphosate-resistant spring wheat is being developed and may soon be available to growers. Field experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various rates and application timings of glyphosate on the tolerance of glyphosate-resistant spring wheat and the level of weed control attained with glyphosate in wheat. Glyphosate-resistant wheat exhibited excellent tolerance to glyphosate applied at the one- to two- or four- to five-leaf stages at rates up to 1,780 g ae/ha, representing a fourfold safety margin to the proposed field use rate. Glyphosate at 445 g/ha reduced shoot biomass of green foxtail, wild oat, redroot pigweed, and wild mustard > 95% in glyphosate-resistant wheat in all years, but wild buckwheat biomass was only reduced 67 to 75% at doses up to 890 g/ha. Glyphosate applied in-crop at 667 g/ha reduced quackgrass biomass by 97 to 99%. Comparison of glyphosate with other spring wheat herbicides indicated that glyphosate provided similar or better in-crop control of several weed species. Yield of weed-infested glyphosate-resistant spring wheat responded positively to glyphosate in all years. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. #3 SETVI; quackgrass, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski # AGRRE; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; wild buckwheat, Polygonum convolvulus L. # POLCO; wild mustard, Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler # SINAR; wild oat, Avena fatua L. # AVEFA; spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. 'Bobwhite', 'BW251'. Additional index words: Herbicide resistance, wheat tolerance, wheat yield.


The Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition (The CFL condition) is appeared in the analysis of the finite difference method applied to linear hyperbolic partial differential equations. We give a remark on the CFL condition from a view point of stability, and we give some numerical experiments which show instability of numerical solutions even under the CFL condition. We give a mathematical model for rounding errors in order to explain the instability.


This paper investigates modifying an existing neural network architecture for static saliency prediction using two types of recurrences that integrate information from the temporal domain. The first modification is the addition of a ConvLSTM within the architecture, while the second is a conceptually simple exponential moving average of an internal convolutional state. We use weights pre-trained on the SALICON dataset and fine-tune our model on DHF1K. Our results show that both modifications achieve state-of-the-art results and produce similar saliency maps. Source code is available at this https URL.


Health care-acquired infections (HAIs) affect millions of health care workers and patients every year and are becoming increasingly resistant to common treatments. These dangerous infections are largely preventable, but are created primarily by the inappropriate administration of antibiotics and spread by inadequate infection control practices by health care workers. Many institutions currently do not report or effectively control HAI outbreaks, but the regulatory climate is changing and medical imaging personnel have an important role in preventing the spread of HAIs. This article introduces contamination types and transmission facets of the HAI problem. Physical reservoirs in the health care environment are identified and the epidemiology, surveillance and control of emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria are reviewed.


Objectives The success of National Public Health Institutes (NPHIs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is critical to countries' ability to deliver public health services to their populations and effectively respond to public health emergencies. However, empirical data are limited on factors that promote or are barriers to the sustainability of NPHIs. This evaluation explored stakeholders' perceptions about enabling factors and barriers to the success and sustainability of NPHIs in seven countries where the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has supported NPHI development and strengthening. Design Qualitative study. Setting Cambodia, Colombia, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda and Zambia. Participants NPHI staff, non-NPHI government staff, and non-governmental and international organisation staff. Methods We conducted semistructured, in-person interviews at a location chosen by the participants in the seven countries. We analysed data using a directed content analysis approach. Results We interviewed 43 NPHI staff, 29 non-NPHI government staff and 24 staff from non-governmental and international organisations. Participants identified five enabling factors critical to the success and sustainability of NPHIs: (1) strong leadership, (2) financial autonomy, (3) political commitment and country ownership, (4) strengthening capacity of NPHI staff and (5) forming strategic partnerships. Three themes emerged related to major barriers or threats to the sustainability of NPHIs: (1) reliance on partner funding to maintain key activities, (2) changes in NPHI leadership and (3) staff attrition and turnover. Conclusions Our findings contribute to the scant literature on sustainability of NPHIs in LMICs by identifying essential components of sustainability and types of support needed from various stakeholders. Integrating these components into each step of NPHI development and ensuring sufficient support will be critical to strengthening public health systems and safeguarding their continuity. Our findings offer potential approaches for country leadership to direct efforts to strengthen and sustain NPHIs.


Glaucoma has been recognized as an infrequent but serious complication following surgery for congenital and acquired cataracts in childhood. Little is known concerning the influence of factors on the risk of glaucoma such as age at surgery, type of cataract, associated ocular abnormalities, and type of surgery. We reviewed records of 240 eyes of 155 patients on whom cataract surgery had been performed between January 1965 and July 1990 at Children's Hospital, Boston. After excluding those patients who had been followed up less than 5 years after surgery, and those who had had surgery after the age of 10 years, 125 eyes of 82 patients were included in the study group. We identified 14 eyes of 9 patients that had developed open-angle glaucoma 5.3 to 13.1 years following surgery (average 7.4 years). An additional 4 eyes of 3 patients developed angle closure glaucoma, which was diagnosed at 146, 177, 2911, and 2939 days following surgery. A fifth patient developed acute angle closure 1.7 years following primary cataract surgery and 53 days following secondary discission. All but one of the patients who developed glaucoma had cataract surgery at less than 1 year of age. Age at surgery for the entire study group averaged 1.9 years, and ranged from 25 days to 9.6 years. We conclude that patients having cataract surgery before 1 year of age are at the greatest risk of developing postoperative open-angle glaucoma. Additional increased relative risk was found in eyes with microcornea, congenital rubella syndrome, and poor pupillary dilation with 1% cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl). No significant difference was seen among the various surgical methods of cataract removal.


BACKGROUND
Two studies, the Apollo and 4-T Trials, were conducted in order to determine which insulin regimen (basal or prandial) is the most efficient for the treatment of insulin-requiring type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODS
Both trials compared treatments using prandial insulins (aspart or lispro) three times daily with more classical insulin strategies using basal insulin given once daily (glargine or detemir) or twice daily if required (detemir in the 4-T Study).

RESULTS/CONCLUSION
Both studies showed that a therapeutic regimen involving prandial insulin resulted in equal (Apollo Study) or greater (4-T Study) reductions in patients' HbA(1c) levels than basal insulin regimens. However, the prandial insulin strategies were accompanied by higher risks of hypoglycemia and greater weight gain. As a consequence, the investigators of the two studies concluded that basal insulin once daily provides a simple and effective option with less adverse effects than prandial insulin three times a day.

EXPERT OPINION
Such conclusions are certainly important for guiding strategies in the vast majority of type 2 diabetic patients who require an add-on insulin therapy. However, the authors' opinion is that the choice between either basal or prandial insulin alone and combined insulin regimens with basal and prandial insulin should be tailored according to the patient's clinical status by paying more attention to the respective contributions of basal and prandial hyperglycemia to their overall hyperglycemia. This recommendation seems to be particularly important when insulin treatment is initiated in patients exhibiting HbA(1c) levels between 7.0 and 8.0%.


This extended research study focused on bringing together personal learning, higher educational institutional elements to be considered for helping higher educational institutions and individual learners in various countries to re-orient themselves toward a focus on lifelong learning, and placing this within the support and context of lifelong learning and education around the globe. Research is presented on the background and experiences of various higher educational institutions and individual learners in this regard, developing a tentative policy statement and identification of the elements ofa re-orientation toward lifelong learning focus as products of several worldwide conferences. In addition, the support ofUNESCO in its global reach encourages this to move forward rapidly into the future.


Transportation costs for road transport companies may be intensified by rising fuel prices, levies, traffic congestion, etc. Of particular concern to the Mpact group of companies is the long waiting times in the queues at loading and offloading points at three processing mills in the KZN (KwaZulu-Natal) province in South Africa. Following a survey among the drivers who regularly deliver at these sites, recommendations for alleviating the lengthy waiting times are put forward. On the strength of one of these recommendations, namely the innovative use of ICTs, suggestions on how cloud-based technologies may be embraced by the company are explored. In the process, the value added by a cloud-based supply chain, enterprise systems, CRM (Customer Relationship Management) and knowledge management is examined.


In 1970 a corn disease epidemic ravaged fields in the United States to great economic loss. The outbreak was caused by a never-before seen, supervirulent strain of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. This was a plant disease epidemic, however, the current COVID-19 pandemic of humans is a stark reminder that novel, highly virulent, pathogens evolve with devastating consequences, no matter what the host-animal, plant, or other organism. ABSTRACT In 1970, the Southern Corn Leaf Blight epidemic ravaged U.S. fields to great economic loss. The outbreak was caused by never-before-seen, supervirulent, Race T of the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus. The functional difference between Race T and O, the previously known, far less aggressive strain, is production of T-toxin, a host-selective polyketide. Supervirulence is associated with ~1 Mb of Race T-specific DNA; only a fraction encodes T-toxin biosynthetic genes (Tox1). Tox1 is genetically and physically complex, with unlinked loci (Tox1A, Tox1B) genetically inseparable from breakpoints of a Race O reciprocal translocation that generated hybrid Race T chromosomes. Previously, we identified 10 genes for T-toxin biosynthesis. Unfortunately, high-depth, short-read sequencing placed these genes on four small, unconnected scaffolds surrounded by repeated A+T rich sequence, concealing context. To sort out Tox1 topology and pinpoint the hypothetical Race O translocation breakpoints corresponding to Race T-specific insertions, we undertook PacBio long-read sequencing which revealed Tox1 gene arrangement and the breakpoints. Six Tox1A genes are arranged as three small islands in a Race T-specific sea (~634 kb) of repeats. Four Tox1B genes are linked, on a large loop of Race T-specific DNA (~210 kb). The race O breakpoints are short sequences of race O-specific DNA; corresponding positions in race T are large insertions of race T-specific, A+T rich DNA, often with similarity to transposable (predominantly Gypsy) elements. Nearby, are 'Voyager Starship' elements and DUF proteins. These elements may have facilitated Tox1 integration into progenitor Race O and promoted large scale recombination resulting in race T. IMPORTANCE In 1970 a corn disease epidemic ravaged fields in the United States to great economic loss. The outbreak was caused by a never-before seen, supervirulent strain of the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. This was a plant disease epidemic, however, the current COVID-19 pandemic of humans is a stark reminder that novel, highly virulent, pathogens evolve with devastating consequences, no matter what the host-animal, plant, or other organism. Long read DNA sequencing technology allowed in depth structural comparisons between the sole, previously known, much less aggressive, version of the pathogen and the supervirulent version and revealed, in meticulous detail, the structure of the unique virulence-causing DNA. These data are foundational for future analysis of mechanisms of DNA acquisition from a foreign source.


Mousavi, Yaali, Bahram, Abbasi, Effect of Nonlinear Pedagogy on the Performance of the Short Backhand Serve of Badminton, Research in sport management & motor behavior, 2020: 9(18):1-16 ABSTRACT Motor learning or the acquisition of coordination is a process of searching for stable functional coordination patterns, into which a system can settle during a task or activity. Human as complex creatures can choose the best pattern based on conditions within different coordination patterns and also achieve goals of tasks. So the purpose of this study is to determination the effect of a Nonlinear Pedagogy approach for the effectiveness of the movement and acquisition of skills. Accordingly, in this study 14 participants (with the average 19.64 and SD 0.74) are taught the short backhand serve of badminton with using linear and nonlinear pedagogy approaches. Linear approach Based on traditional Viewpoint using the descriptive methods and repetive instructions. On the other hand, nonlinear Pedagogy Approach Based on the ecological dynamics theory using manipulation of task constraints especially task constraints including equipment and rules Planned and conducted. Performance accuracy were selected to analyze further selections and used analysis of covariance to measure the effect of the independent variable measured. The test significance level was considered P <./ 05. Despite the progress of both groups to the pre-test, no difference was observed between the two groups in accuracy scores (F=0.092 and p=0.767) and both were equal to achieve results of the task as an indicator of skill acquisition. Our findings indicate that nonlinear pedagogy approach, resulted from theory of ecological dynamics, consider the complexity of Acquisition the skill and inherent tendency of individuals with providing movement affordances. Also, this approach can be effective in the fulfilment of goal tasks. 1. Seyed Kazem Mousavi, (M.A) Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran


Visualization is an important and helpful ways to support the exploration of large data sets. The leading benefit of visualization is that it does not only provide graphical representation of data but also allows changing of form, omitting what is not required and browsing deeper to get further details. This paper reviews some of the previous research related to family tree (or sometimes known as genealogy) data visualization. It focuses on existing techniques and applications that are currently available to address family tree visualization issues. The content of this paper is divided into several sections such as visualization usability, family tree visualization, graph theory of kinship network and graph visualization. Visualization gives opportunity to approach huge network type of data and makes it easily comprehensible. In order to gain the full benefit of family tree data, a proper understanding about the current visualization tool or techniques that is used to represent these type of data in a fully interactive environment will be highly beneficial.


The use of IP (Internet protocol) technology in the information and communications industry constitutes a major global trend. A highly efficient service architecture, enabling technologies and advanced applications are essential to rapid multimedia services in an all-IPv6 network environment. This work presents an all-IPv6 service platform based on open service architecture (OSA) to support a set of standard interfaces and applications. The all-IPv6 network environment was integrated using a network-processor-based IPv4/IPv6 translator and a mobile router (MR) supported IPv6 network mobility. The feasibility of the open service platform for all-IPv6 network environments and of the designed application programming interfaces was examined using three applications: e-commerce, video-on-demand, and on-line gaming. The performance analysis indicates that the system throughput increased from 10.5 to 60.5 Mb/s as the number of users increased from 1 to 80; the mean response time increased from approximately 1 to 10.5 ms, and the delay time increased from 0.1 to 1 ms.


Smith & al. (2010) have suggested that the apportionment of institutional votes for the Nomenclature Section of the International Botanical Congress based upon taxonomic activity represents a "colonial legacy" that disadvantages developing nations, and that institutional votes should instead be distributed based at least in part upon a country's human population and the size of its flora. While we agree that increasing participation by developing-country taxonomists is an important goal, we believe that Smith & al. fail to support their claim that the current practice of plant nomenclature is harmful to developing nations. No evidence has been offered of regional biases regarding proposals to change the wording of the Code, which represent the vast majority of the votes taken at any Nomenclature Section, nor has the current process of apportionment of institutional votes been shown to be biased. The reform measures proposed by Smith & al. would, as we show, introduce explicit discrimination based on nationality into the International code of botanical nomenclature, undermining the international cooperation among taxonomists that is necessary for the smooth functioning of a universally accepted system of nomenclature. Rather than making hasty and perhaps harmful changes to the current means of voting, we suggest that the international taxonomic community should consider carefully what measures will best facilitate participation without creating new sources of injustice.


BACKGROUND
Stress fractures are the injuries of soft tissues and bones caused by intensive and repeated stress on a bone. Repeated submaximal stress disturbs the balance between the processes of bone production and resorption that results in fracture.

CASE REPORT
We presented a case of a patient with stress fracture of metatarsal bone. The patient was diagnosed and treated as having reactive oligoarthritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and administered antibiotics. Initial plain radiography was negative for bone fracture. Tc-99m bone scintigraphy suggested stress fracture of the second metatarsal. Plain radiography was became positive three weeks later, showing callus formation in the proximal part of the second metatarsal.

CONCLUSION
Bone scintigraphy is a diagnostic test of choice in early diagnosis of stress fracture, and it is important to apply it timely in order to include the entire therapy and prevent complications, as well as to let a patient return to previous daily activities.


The transfection of NIH 3T3 cells was performed with DNAs from 2 duck primary hepatic carcinomas (DHC 40K, 9K) and 1 tumor-adjacent liver tissue (TAL, 9N). Transfectants were found from 40K, 9K and 9N DNAs. The secondary transfectants were obtained after transfection of RAT-1 cells with DNAs from primary transfectants. After hybridization with Ha-ras, Ki-ras, N-ras and mht oncogenes, it was found that duck mht (5.2 and 3.2 kb EcoRI fragments) and duck Ha-ras (3.4 kb EcoRI fragments) were present in all these transformants. This is the first report on transforming genes in duck primary hepatic cancer as well as tumor-adjacent liver tissue.


The phosphonium-decorated phenanthro-imidazolyl pyridine ligand, LP+Br, readily reacts with zinc(II) and cadmium(II) bromides to give inorganic–organic zero-dimensional compounds [LP+ZnBr2]2[ZnBr4] (1) and [(LP+)2Cd2Br4][CdBr4] (2), respectively, upon crystallization. These salts are moderately fluorescent in the solid state under ambient conditions (λem = 458 nm, Φem = 0.11 for 1; λem = 460 nm, Φem = 0.13 for 2). Their emission results from spin-allowed electronic transitions localized on the organic component with the negligible effect of [MBr4]2– and MBr2 units. Contrary to ionic species 1 and 2, lead(II) bromide affords a neutral and water-stable complex [(LP+)2Pb3Br8] (3), showing weak room-temperature phosphorescence arising from spin–orbit coupling due to the heavy atom effect. The emission, which is substantially enhanced for the amorphous sample of 3 (λem = 575 nm, Φem = 0.06), is assigned to the intraligand triplet excited state, which is a rare phenomenon among Pb(II) molecular materials.


Energy spectrum, wave functions and binding energies of the electron to the donor impurity ion located in the center of a multilayer spherical quantum dot (MSQD) consisting of a core (GaAs) and two spherical shells (AlxGa1–xAs and GaAs) were studied within the effective mass approximation. The magnetic field influence on the energy spectrum and wave functions of the electron is calculated by the diagonalization method. It is shown that the decrease of the external shell thickness as well as the increase of the magnetic field induction changes the electron localization in the nanosystem and it significantly affects the binding energy of the electron with the impurity, photoionization cross section (PCS) and intersubband absorption coefficient. The position of the PCS peak associated with the quantum transition of an electron from the ground state to the 1p0 state shifts to the region of higher energies, and its height decreases. At the same time, the height of PCS peaks associated with quantum transitions to higher excited states increases.


The permeability barrier imposed by cellular membranes limits the access of exogenous compounds to the interior of cells. Researchers and patients alike would benefit from efficient methods for intracellular delivery of a wide range of membrane-impermeant molecules, including biochemically active small molecules, imaging agents, peptides, peptide nucleic acids, proteins, RNA, DNA, and nanoparticles. There has been a sustained effort to exploit cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the delivery of such useful cargoes in vitro and in vivo because of their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and controllable physical chemistry. Here, we discuss the many mechanisms by which CPPs can function, and describe a taxonomy ofmechanisms that could be help organize future efforts in the field.


Stigma is a salient experience for both caregivers/parents and individuals with Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSD) as evidenced through qualitative and preliminary quantitative reports. However, few validated measures of associative stigma (i.e., vicarious stigma experienced through close association with someone who is socially stigmatized) for parents of children with DSD exist. The present study aims to (1) determine the factor structure of the adapted Stigma Scale - Parent, and (2) examine convergent validity of the factor structure with measures of parent psychosocial adjustment. Confirmatory factor analytic results revealed two factors: a parent-focused factor and a child-focused factor. The parent-focused factor demonstrated convergent validity with parent adjustment measures, but the child-focused factor did not. Together, these results indicate that parent-focused and child-focused stigma are distinct factors, with parent-focused associative stigma being related to parent adjustment following DSD diagnosis. Future research should further refine this measure to determine predictive validity and clinical value.


We define equivariant projective unitary stable bundles as the appropriate twists when defining K-theory as sections of bundles with fibers the space of Fredholm operators over a Hilbert space. We construct universal equivariant projective unitary stable bundles for the orbit types, and we use a specific model for these local universal spaces in order to glue them to obtain a universal equivariant projective unitary stable bundle for discrete and proper actions. We determine the homotopy type of the universal equivariant projective unitary stable bundle, and we show that the isomorphism classes of equivariant projective unitary stable bundles are classified by the third equivariant integral cohomology group. The results contained in this paper extend and generalize results of Atiyah-Segal.


In this article I focus on the `Mother' image in Sikh scripture, and explore her as the source of creation and wisdom. My re-imagining of the divine in Sikhism will offer a counter-balance to the prevailing androcentric attitudes and interpretations of malestream scholarship, and I also hope it will be a step towards counteracting the sexism festering within Sikh homes and the larger society.


Purpose: Salivary gland neoplasms are rare cancers of the head and neck region. Radical treatment in tumors of large salivary glands is surgery. Adjuvant treatment depends on the presence of risk factors that worsen the prognosis, but the role of these factors in patients treated by surgery with radio- or radiochemotherapy still remains unclear. The aim of the study is assessment of treatment results and identi fi cation of the risk factors affecting the prognosis in patients with tumors of large salivary glands subjected to adjuvant radio- or radiochemotherapy. Patients and Methods: The study included 126 patients with local stage large salivary gland cancer who were treated surgically with adjuvant radio- or radiochemotherapy. The study excluded inoperable patients, patients with distant metastases, patients in a poor general condition and patients with contraindications to adjuvant treatment. They were treated between 2006 and 2016 and evaluated in terms of OS (overall survival), CSS (cancer-speci fi c survival), RFS (relapse-free survival) and LRFS (local relapse-free survival). Results: During a 44-month follow-up, 5-OS, CSS, RFS and LRFS were 55%, 68%, 60% and 73%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that OS was in fl uenced by the following parameters: WHO performance status, TNM stage (T and N parameters), radicality of surgery, histopathological type, applied method of radiotherapy planning and tumor volume. WHO performance status, T and N parameters of the TNM stage and large volume of elective area in fl uenced CSS, and the T parameter of the TNM stage, the dose below 60Gy and tumor volume in fl uenced RFS and LRFS. Chemoradiotherapy can be used in N-positive patients. Conclusion: The analysis indicates that the TNM grade, histopathological type, patient ' s condition, radicality of the procedure, technique and dose of radiotherapy are the most important prognostic factors in these patients.


In this article I criticize the non-consequentialist Weighted Lottery (WL) solution to the choice between saving a smaller or a larger group of people. WL aims to avoid what non-consequentialists see as consequentialism's unfair aggregation by giving equal consideration to each individual's claim to be rescued. In so doing, I argue, WL runs into another common objection to consequentialism: it is excessively demanding. WL links the right action with the outcome of a fairly weighted lottery, which means that an agent can only act rightly if s/he has actually run the lottery. In many actual cases, this involves epistemic demands that can be almost impossible to meet. I argue that plausible moral principles cannot make such extreme epistemic demands.


The Tyrrell group has, in recent years, developed a strong interest in the chemical synthesis and biological activity of the hop bitter acids lupulone 1, humulone 2 and their naturally occurring congeners, 1 a-d and 2a-d. Previous work focused on investigating the chemistry of the a-acid humulone 2, demonstrating the propensity of this compound to have a cytotoxic effect against the SK-MES lung cancer cell line and the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. This thesis documents the recent research concerning the synthesis, the anticancer and antibacterial activity of the s-acid lupulone 1, its naturally occurring congeners 1 a-d and further, novel, non-naturally occurring compounds. We resumed the group's previous collaboration with the Golston and Pirianov research group at St Georges, where the anticancer studies were performed.
The synthesis centred on a Friedel-Crafts acylation of phloroglucinol 32, followed by a C-trialkenylation reaction between the acylphloroglucinol and an allyl bromide. We conducted experiments that focused upon the choice of base and solvent for the trialkenylation reaction, concluding that liquid ammonia as both the base and solvent offered the most efficient route to the s-acids. It was shown that aliphatic allylic bromides lend themselves to the' reaction, . although some derivatives require purification by column chromatography in addition to recrystallisation. In contrast, aromatic allyl bromides did not participate in the alkenylation reaction.
We further investigated an alternate G-alkenylation reaction involving the di¬lithiation of 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. We discovered that by including copper (I) iodide in the reaction, prenyl bromide 23 and allyl bromide 41 could be successfully coupled. VVe also discovered that our 2nd generation s-acids 42a-g could participate in a ring-closing metathesis reaction, forming novel spirocyclic compounds 50a-b.

Our antibacterial studies showed that s-acids are effective against Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative bacteria in accordance with published observations. We took our investigations further and found that s-acids are effective against mutlidrug-resistant 'Staphylococcus aureus', even where the commercially available ciprofloxacin 67 was not.

Our anticancer studies showed that of the compounds tested, non-natural derivative 1g featuring a cyclopropyl ring was most effective against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, and non-natural derivative 1j was most effective against the DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines.


KEY: # = new course * = course changed † = course dropped University of Kentucky 2018-2019 Undergraduate Bulletin 1 CS 100 THE COMPUTER SCIENCE PROFESSION. (1) An introductory seminar which covers the fundamental activities, principles, and ethics of the computer science profession. An overview of the discipline of computer science, examples of careers, the history of computing and experience with elementary computing tools are included.


This paper focuses on issues concerning in-service English as an additional language or dialect teachers' views on professional development (PD) in an online environment. On the basis of the data collected via a questionnaire survey and a series of interviews, this study finds that intrinsic and extrinsic incentives compel or impede teachers participating in PD and that the trajectories of their PD are shaped by the complex operations of the incentives and the equilibrium among the factors involved. The findings of the study also show that teachers are more interested in improving professional practice and that they prefer an online PD programme which includes both synchronous interactions and asynchronous digitalised visual and written resources online. It also discusses implications of this study for teachers, teacher educators and trainers, and PD programme designers and providers.


Automatically extracting protein names from the literature and linking these names to the associated entries in sequence databases is becoming increasingly important for annotating biological databases. NLProt is a novel system that combines dictionary- and rule-based filtering with several support vector machines (SVMs) to tag protein names in PubMed abstracts. When considering partially tagged names as errors, NLProt still reached a precision of 75% at a recall of 76%. By many criteria our system outperformed other tagging methods significantly; in particular, it proved very reliable even for novel names. Names encountered particularly frequently in Drosophila, such as white, wing and bizarre, constitute an obvious limitation of NLProt. Our method is available both as an Internet server and as a program for download (http://cubic.bioc.columbia.edu/services/NLProt/). Input can be PubMed/MEDLINE identifiers, authors, titles and journals, as well as collections of abstracts, or entire papers.


Decomposing complex software systems into conceptually independent subsystems is a significant software engineering activity which received considerable research attention. Most of the research in this domain considers the body of the source code; trying to cluster together files which are conceptually related. We discuss techniques for extracting concepts (abbreviations) from a more informal source of information: file names. The task is difficult because nothing indicates where to split the file names into substrings. In general, finding abbreviations would require domain knowledge to identify the concepts that are referred to in a name and intuition to recognize such concepts in abbreviated forms. We show by experiment that the techniques we propose allow about 90% of the abbreviations to be found automatically.


The levels of the growth inhibitors(+)-abscisic acid and xanthoxin were determined in the long day plant spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Savoy Hybrid 612) grown under different environmental conditions. When plants were transferred from light to darkness, the (+)-abscisic acid level always decreased, whereas the xanthoxin content did not change. The (+)-abscisic acid content was higher in plants grown under low than under high relative humidity.Xanthoxin levels were not affected by photoperiod, whereas the (+)-abscisic acid content increased 2 to 3 times upon transferring plants from short day to long day. Shoot tips with young leaves and mature leaves of the same plants analyzed separately did not differ in their inhibitor content when expressed per unit dry weight. No increase in xanthoxin level was observed in wilting plants. In general, the xanthoxin levels of spinach were much less affected by changes in the environment than were those of (+)-abscisic acid. In conclusion, there is no correlation between xanthoxin and (+)-abscisic acid levels in spinach on the one hand, and growth and flowering responses on the other.


We have analyzed by immunocytochemistry the p53 and Bcl-2 proteins expression in 49 patients with B-ALL, T-ALL and AML at the time of initial diagnosis. The diagnosis was based on morphologic and cytochemical criteria and on immunophenotyping. To demonstrate the p53 protein expression, p53 specific mouse antihuman immunoreagent clone DO-1 that recognizes both wild and mutated p53 protein was used. To detect Bcl-2 a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the 26-kD Bcl-2 protein was applied. For evaluation of both proteins a sensitive Immunotech detection kit based on peroxidase labeled streptavidin biotin reagent was utilized. The patients were divided according to the presence or absence of both, nuclear p53 and cytoplasmic Bcl-2 proteins. A relative low frequency of p53 protein expression in B- and T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been shown at diagnosis. In AML cases, the frequency of p53 expression was higher than that in ALL. Bcl-2 protein immunoreactivity has been found in the majority of acute leukemia patients. The marked heterogeneity in the percentage of p53 and Bcl-2 positive cells in individual patients was observed. Comparative analysis of the distinct acute leukemia subtypes according to the percentage of p53 and Bcl-2 positive cells showed no significant differences except for p53 protein positivity in relation between T-ALL and AML cases. The samples from healthy subjects used as a control exhibited very low proportion of positively stained cells and significantly differed from p53 as well as Bcl-2 positive cases. p53 and Bcl-2 positivity have not been significantly affected neither by age, sex nor WB C counts. Association between myeloid cells maturation and proportion of p53 and Bcl-2 positive cells was observed. Noteworthy was the inverse relation between the higher proportion of p53 positive cells and low Bcl-2 positivity in some cases of acute leukemia. Although our preliminary results need to be confirmed in a larger group of patients, immunocytochemical analysis of p53 and Bcl-2 proteins, indicators of cell alterations, may help to identify risk patients requiring intensive therapy.


People with chronic illnesses such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to more generic risk factors such as lack of exercise, obesity and smoking, these disorders have a direct detrimental effect on blood vessels by accelerating the process of atherosclerosis. People with diabetes have a two- to five- fold increased risk of cardio - vascular diseases (CVD) which can be prevented or delayed by treating the risk factors for these diseases timely. This cardiovascular risk management (CVRM) has long been an important topic in diabetes care and our department is involved in the development of national guidelines of CVRM. Traditionally, the majority of people with diabetes were treated in the Netherlands in secondary care. Due to the progressive increase in the number of patients, questions arose on how the organization of diabetes care should be adjusted and what implications this trend would have to the CVRM guidelines. What is the role of the re-allocation of tasks, how should the CVRM be defined and executed? Next to the organizational changes, also the legal aspects should be reviewed. Consequently, In the Maastricht University Hospital, the treatment of diabetes has changed over the last 15 years. Tasks of medical specialists were delegated to nurses, both working in secondary (most complex patients) and primary care (less complex patients). The increased risk of CVD is the consequence of the abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. In addition, there are secondary risk factors such as obesity, smoking and lack of exercise, a multifactorial treatment is therefore necessary to reduce the risk of CVD. This treatment takes place on two levels, the general measures with the aim to alter lifestyle and the pharmacological treatment of CVD risk actors. The counseling and treatment of many patients is based on task reallocation from doctor to nurse, except patients in with complex complications e.g. renal failure, or co-morbidities, e.g. heart failure. The care model in our hospital consists of nursing tasks as providing information, lifestyle advice, education, encourage self-care and medical tasks, starting up antidiabetic medication, adjust antihypertensive medication, adjust cholesterol-lowering medication, performing the three - monthly monitoring and the year control. The diabetes nurse is acting according to a protocol, which describes all tasks, procedures and process aspects in detail, with the medical specialist ultimately responsible. Research showed that this new approach led to high quality care at a comparable cost (Vrijhoef,2002 and Steuten, 2007).The clinical effectiveness two years after the introduction of the care program has significantly improved especially when looking at disease-related health status, therapy adherence and self-care behavior.Another study, in another Dutch Centre, the ZODIAC-study, also shows that quality of care can be improved by reallocation of tasks. The ZODIAC- study is a prospective observational study of quality of diabetes care in a shared care setting. The study started in 1998 and ran until 2008. The participants were people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in different age groups. In the period 1998-2008, the number of participating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increased from 1622 to 27 438.All quality indicators improved for hypertension, dyslipidemia, quit smoking and exercise. The body mass index remained unchanged. Reallocation of tasks, in which roles and tasks are delegated from doctors to specialized nurses can result in improved quality of care with better glycemic, lipid and blood pressure -control. These improvements are probably related to more strict application of diabetes and CVRM protocols by specialized nurses. The redefined care by specialized nurses, however, requires a legal framework. Moreover, close cooperation between doctors and nurses are conditional, through clear protocols and by clear demarcation of the responsibilities. The results we achieved for people with diabetes are certainly useful for people with rheumatoid arthritis. Not only quality of care improved, but job satisfaction of caregivers as well because of new challenges and responsibilities Disclosure of Interest None declared


ABSTRACT This article explores land-tenure issues faced by Timor-Leste, specifically with reference to customary land, and the significance of mapping in resolving those difficulties. A critical review is undertaken of the pitfalls of Indigenous mapping and applications of Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PGIS) to achieve sensitive and empowering outcomes for customary groups seeking land claims. A methodology for mapping customary land in Timor-Leste is described and an analysis of the author's on-the-ground research is presented. Although the importance of customary institutions for rural land management across Timor-Leste is ascertained, this article does not advance a definitive land rights framework for the country or prescribe national mapping of customary areas. Instead, it argues for a mapping methodology to support land-use decision-making that can make sense of Indigenous knowledge and appropriate cultural practices in rural land-use claims. Identified as crucial in the process is the equal value attributed to evidence presented in myriad forms that may act as key information bridges across epistemological divides and knowledges. PGIS is a potentially important tool for resolving land-use conflicts in rural Timor-Leste when resolution occurs within a formalised institutional framework.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary and malignant tumor occurring in the adult central nervous system. Temozolomide (TMZ) has been considered to be one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents to prolong the survival of patients with glioblastoma. Many glioma cells develop drug-resistance against TMZ that is mediated by increasing O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) levels. The expression of connexin 43 was increased in the resistant U251 subline compared with the parental U251 cells. The expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated regulators, including vimentin, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, was reduced in the resistant U251 subline. In addition, the resistant U251 subline exhibited decreased cell migratory activity and monocyte adhesion ability compared to the parental U251 cells. Furthermore, the resistant U251 subline also expressed lower levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 after treatment with recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. These findings suggest differential characteristics in the drug-resistant GBM from the parental glioma cells.


Commission 35 consists of members of the International Astronomical Union whose research is concerned with the structure and evolution of stars in all parts of the H-R diagram. Their interests range from various aspects of stellar interior physics, such as convection, diffusion, rotation, magnetic fields, to asteroseismology and the prediction of the evolutionary and nucleosynthetic histories of stars that are of vital importance for our understanding of stellar populations and galactic chemical evolution.


The first book edited by Grossman has twenty-four contributors, each a distinguished expert and teacher of cardiology laboratory science and art. Each has published extensively elsewhere and each section is obviously based on considerable experience, thoughtfully written, quite well illustrated, and unusually well referenced. As a practical guide for the cardiology fellow entering the laboratory phase of his training, this book has no peers. The major section on evaluation of cardiac function and characteristic profiles of functional disorders is especially helpful in promoting thoughtful interpretation of data and valuable reference support. It is a valuable supplement to the continuing education of cardiologists and teachers and should be required reading for laboratory technicians and nurses. Our highest recommendation is offered for this book.


Quantum tomography is currently the mainly employed method to characterize a quantum system and therefore plays a fundamental role when trying to characterize the action of a particular channel. Nonetheless, quantum tomography works on the premise of a full characterization and description of the devices preparing the quantum state and realizing the measurements. Such an assumption was recently relaxed in Dall'Arno et al (arXiv:1805.01159) and Dall'Arno et al (2017 Proc. R. Soc. A 473 20160721), where a theoretical framework for the device-independent inference of quantum channels was developed and experimentally implemented with superconducting qubits. Here, based on such a framework, we present a complete experimental test on a photonic setup of two semi-device-independent protocols that can be employed for the validation of the tomographic reconstruction or the characterization of a given quantum channel, not relying on many assumptions on the adopted device. Our implementation paves the way to the development of new experimental methods not relying on the assumptions typically taken for granted in all the previous protocols.


To present the essence of information system risk evaluation and improve the effect of evaluation, the paper puts forward a business process-based information system risk evaluation after analyzing the current risk evaluation methods. The framework begins with the description of business process in perspective of information security and then analyzes and assesses the business activities. The risk-control evaluation of business activities is brought forward and the optional security control measures are comprehensively evaluated so as to ensure security of business activities. The framework focuses on business process activities so that information system assets, their vulnerabilities and threats are associated and evaluation of isolated and meaningless assets is avoided.


Two new species of Dorylaimida, found in coastal sand dunes in Sicily (Italy), are described and illustrated. Iotonchus paracutus sp. n. is characterised by its large and wide mouth cavity with basal dorsal tooth, didelphic reproductive apparatus, elongate-conoid tail with finely rounded terminus, absence of spinneret, gubernaculum without lateral processes, ten to eleven ventral precloacal papillae. Nygolaimus capitellus sp. n. is characterised by its relatively small size, expanded and low lip region, odontostyle 5.0 5.5 µm long, with wide lumen, expanded part of pharynx enveloped by a thin sheath, vulva pre-equatorial, tail conoid with blunt terminus. Three known species are also described: Trischistoma gracile Andrassy, 1985, the male of which is found for the first time, and the marine species of Enoplida Oncholaimus oxyuris Ditlevsen, 1911 and Tripyloides acherusius Gerlach, 1952.


Triclosan [5, chloro-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol] (CAS No. 3380-34-5) is extensively used as an antimicrobial agent in many pharmaceutical formulations. Understanding its genotoxic potential is the aim of this experimental study. Drosophila fulfils dual function in the field of genetic toxicology - firstly as an experimental organism for short term tests to identify carcinogens and secondly as a model for learning mechanistic pathways of mutagenesis induced by environmental toxicants. The mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster contributed by triclosan is the theme of this study. The Sex-linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test was conducted on stock of Drosophila melanogaster. Males of well-defined stock and appropriately marked balancer females of FM 7 stock with multiple inverted X-chromosomes were used for the experiment. The triclosan concentration was administered with exposure concentration ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg for adults. The results indicated significant reduction in the number of males in the F2 generation. The mortality of larval population was 100% suggesting the test required lowering of concentrations of triclosan that was administered particularly with respect to larvae. DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v4i1.2879 Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.4, No.1, September 2008, pp 12-16


ABSTRACT This original qualitative study investigated the experiences of police and social workers who worked closely with Looked-after Children (LAC) and each other in an inter-agency capacity. Participants were based in different local councils and police stations across various regions in Scotland including rural communities and the Northern Isles. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an experienced cohort (n = 12). Those participants, police (n = 6) and social workers (n = 6), occupied different roles within their disciplines. The interview findings elicited three distinct main themes including numerous instances of traumatic experiences in working with LAC, some conflict in inter-agency working, and a lack of formal support in the workplace. The practical implications of those findings are discussed.


This exploration of model storytelling projects shows librarians how to expand their roles as keepers of the stories while strengthening their communities. Community life is built on its stories. Our history and culturethose of society and of individualsare passed from generation to generation through stories. Engaging Community through Storytelling: Library and Community Programming examines a wide variety of model storytelling projects across the country, reflecting how storytelling can encourage community attachment, identity, and expression in libraries, community centers, and schools. The contributed essayswritten by experts in their fields, many of whom served as developer, fundraiser, director, and implementer of their projectprovide detailed information about the inner workings of a wide variety of model storytelling projects from across the country. The authors delineate the need, scope, and audience for each project and offer riveting anecdotes that evaluate the success of that project. Many of the articles are accompanied by one or more photographs documenting the work or practical how-to-do-it guides to encourage and enable replication. Thoughtful commentary on and review of the key concepts in each chapter are provided by the book's editors.


This study aims to determine the influence of social capital on women's micro-enterprise
performance in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. The moderating effect of attitude on the relationship
between social capital and women's micro-enterprise performance is also assessed. The study employed
a cross-sectional survey design, with simple random sampling, to collect data from 385 women
entrepreneurs in Kelantan. The study spanned from 2014 to 2015 and data were collected between
February and May, 2015. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Smart PLS were used to analyze the data.
The result of the study, among others, indicates that social capital has a significant positive effect on
micro-enterprise performance. The study recommends, among others, that the Malaysian government
should create awareness among women about the existence and benefits of women's associations
regarding business activities, especially in the local areas.


In the field of high-voltage electric equipments, the SF6 gas as insulation material is widely used in various kinds of Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS). And the decomposition of SF6 gas under discharge would generates various kinds of gases, which may seriously result in worse insulation performance of the high-voltage electric power equipment. Thus, it is an urgent issue to monitoring these gases. However, existing inspection methods still fail to conduct on-line monitoring of SF6 decomposed gases. Aimed to solve this problem, this paper proposes an On-line SF6 decomposed gases monitoring approach based on the Quantum-Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. In this system, the composition and the concentration of each kind of gas can be obtained by testing the absorption peak value and absorption intensity of the wavelength. Experiment results show that the proposed system is able to perform on-line monitoring of SF6 decomposed gases with high accuracy.