Graph neural networks (GNNs) have seen widespread usage across multiple real-world applications, yet in transductive learning, they still face challenges in accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, due to the extensive number of trainable parameters in the embedding table and the paradigm of stacking neighborhood aggregations. This paper presents a novel model called xGCN for large-scale network embedding, which is a practical solution for link predictions. xGCN addresses these issues by encoding graph-structure data in an extreme convolutional manner, and has the potential to push the performance of network embedding-based link predictions to a new record. Specifically, instead of assigning each node with a directly learnable embedding vector, xGCN regards node embeddings as static features. It uses a propagation operation to smooth node embeddings and relies on a Refinement neural Network (RefNet) to transform the coarse embeddings derived from the unsupervised propagation into new ones that optimize a training objective. The output of RefNet, which are well-refined embeddings, will replace the original node embeddings. This process is repeated iteratively until the model converges to a satisfying status. Experiments on three social network datasets with link prediction tasks show that xGCN not only achieves the best accuracy compared with a series of competitive baselines but also is highly efficient and scalable.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the degree of job burnout and contributing factors for nurses.

METHODS
A total of 495 nurses from three provincial hospitals were randomly selected. The MBI-GS, EPQ-RSC and OSI-R were administered to measure job burnout, personality traits and occupational stress, respectively.

RESULTS
The medical and surgical nurses had significant greater scores of job burnout than others (P < 0.05). The poorer educational background was correlated with lower professional efficacy. The younger nurses had stronger feeling of job burnout. The scores of job burnout changed with different personality traits. The main contributing variables to exhaustion were overload, sense of responsibility, role insufficient and self-care (P < 0.05). The main contributing variables to cynicism were role insufficiency, role boundary, sense of responsibility and self-care (P < 0.05). The main contributing variables to professional inefficacy were role insufficiency, social support and rational/cognitive coping (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Job burnout for nurses can be prevented by reducing or keeping moderate professional duties and responsibility, making clearer job descriptions, promoting leisure activities, and enhancing self-care capabilities.


The self-affirmation theory postulates that when an individual is faced with a threat, they have an inherent motivation to affirm the positive beliefs they carry about themselves. (Steele, 1988). The use of these affirmations has been shown to be extremely effective in academic environments, boosting performance in students and also reducing their stress levels. However, there is very little research on the long-term effects of Self-affirmations on performance, and negligible research on its long-term effects on stress. This present study will aim to further understand the immediate effects as well as the longitudinal impact of these affirmations on individuals exposed to a threatening situation. It will make use of a mathematical test as the threatening situation as well as the performance indicator, and a self-report stress measure - the STAI-Y short (Bergua et al, 2012), along with cortisol to analyze stress levels. It hypothesizes that the participants who undergo the self-affirmation intervention will score higher on the mathematical test, will report lower levels of stress, and have lower levels of cortisol than those in the non-affirming condition. Additionally, it anticipates that one month later, when exposed to a similar threatening situation, the previously self-affirmed participants will still perform better on the test, report lower levels of stress and have lower levels of cortisol as compared to the non-affirming participants.


The degree of expression of lectin-like receptors in resident (RPM) and peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PE-PM) using salmozan as polysaccharide was investigated. Obtained results allow to suppose that salmozan screens lectin-like receptors in macrophages and SRBC. The salmozan screening of lectin-like receptors in macrophages and SRBC resulted in decrease of SRBC uptake level in RPM-subpopulation but did not alter it in PE-PM-subpopulation. The same effect was occurred with the intensified erythrocyte loading of this macrophage subpopulations. It is suggested that one of the functional differences of studied macrophage subpopulation consists in the largest expression of lectin-like receptors in RPM-subpopulation.


Materials with strong electronic correlations are materials, in which the movement of one electron depends on the positions and movements of all other electrons due to the long-range Coulomb interaction. With this definition, one would naively think that all materials show strong electronic correlations. However, in purely ionic systems, the electrons are confined to the immediate neighborhood of the respective atomic nucleus. On the other hand, in ideal metallic systems, the other conduction electrons screen the long-range Coulomb interaction. Therefore, while electronic correlations are also present in these systems and lead for example to magnetism, the main properties of the systems can be explained in simple models, where electronic correlations are either entirely neglected (e. g. the free electron Fermi gas) or taken into account only in low order approximations (Fermi liquid, exchange interactions in magnetism etc.). In highly correlated electron systems, simple approximations break down and entirely new phenomena appear, possibly with related novel functionalities. These so-called emergent phenomena cannot be anticipated from the local interactions among the electrons and between the electrons and the lattice [1]. This is a typical example of complexity: the laws that describe the behavior of a complex system are qualitatively different from those that govern its units [2]. This is what makes highly correlated electron systems a research field at the very forefront of condensed matter research. The current challenge in condensed matter physics is that we cannot reliably predict the properties of materials with strong electronic correlations. There is no theory, which can handle this huge number of interacting degrees of freedom. While the underlying fundamental principles of quantum mechanics (Schrodinger equation or relativistic Dirac equation) and statistical mechanics (maximization of entropy) are well known, there is no way at present to solve the many-body problem for some 10 particles. Some of the exotic properties of strongly correlated electron systems and examples of emergent phenomena and novel functionalities are:


The ability of C1 to bind to (Fc)5µ-fragment of a monoclonal IgM was determined by means of a hemolytic C1-inhibition assay. (Fc)5µ-fragments were produced by trypsin digestion at five different temperatures ranging from 54 to 62°C (2°C increments) and were purified by immunoadsorption through a column of monospecific anti-Fabµ and by molecular exclusion chromatography. Analytical ultracentrifugation showed the final preparations to be free of aggregates. A plot of µg (Fc)5µ required to inhibit 50% of available C1 (Z = 1 to 1.5) vs temperature of production of the fragment, yielded a curve with a minimum (5 µg) at 58 to 60°C. Upon mild reduction and alkylation of these (Fc)5µ's their C1-fixing capacity reverted to being approximately the same (60 µg) irrespective of temperature of production. (Fc)5µ was also prepared at 25°C in the presence of 5 M urea, purified by immunoadsorption as before and aliquots then exposed to temperatures ranging from 40 to 70°C (5°C increments) for 15 min.


The goal of the work is the further extending the scope of application of code automorthism in methods and algorithms of error correction by these codes. The effectiveness of such approach was demonstrated by norm of syndrome theory that was developed by Belarusian school of noiseless coding at the turn of the XX and XXI century. The group Г of the cyclical shift of vector component lies at the core of the theory. Under its action The error vectors are divided into disjoint Г -orbits with definite spectrum of syndromes. This allowed to introduce norms of syndrome of a family of BCH codes that are invariant over action of group Г . Norms of syndrome are unique characteristic of error orbit Г of any decoding set, hence it is the basis of permutation norm methods of error decoding. Looking over the Г -orbits of errors not the errors these methods are faster than classic syndrome methods of error decoding, are avoided from the complex process of solving the algebraic equation in Galois field, are simply implemented. A detailed theory for automorphism group G of BCH codes obtained by adding cyclotomic substitution to the group Г develops in the article. The authors held a detailed study of structure of G-orbit of errors as union of orbits Г of error vectors; one-to-one mapping of this structure on the norm structure of group Г . These norms being interconnected by Frobenius automorphism in the Galois field – field of BCH code constitute the complete set of roots of the only irreducible polynomial. It is a polynomial invariant of its orbit G. The main focus of the work is on the description of properties and specific features of groups G of double errors and its polynomial invariants.


For decades, economic theories have been mostly based on rational choices made by selfish individuals to maximize their utility, while sociology spent a lot of efforts describing the environment of individuals and explaining how this environment shapes theirs decisions. However, the last thirty years have seen many sociological concepts appear in the economic literature. For example, behavioral economics introduces things such as envy or altruism in economic theories. Other notions such as social capital, social norms, trust or community became more and more present in economic papers. The objective of this new strand of literature is to engage into sort of socioeconomic approach and to shed some light on interpersonal relationships. This thesis belongs to this socioeconomic approach, and tries to explore new aspects of various concepts. The two first papers are theoretical. In the first one, we explore the negative side of social capital, which has not been studied extensively, by investigating the effect of a norm on consumers when moving is costly. In the second one, we introduce a sociological concept, namely social identity, in a classic economic model in order to show how social interactions modifies its results, and hence, the importance of taking such interpersonal relationships into account. The third and final paper is an empirical case study of social capital in Belgium, an exercise that has not been done before, with the objective of comparing the level of social capital between the various regions of the country. In the first paper, The Tyranny of Social Norms on Individual Behavior, we study the negative effect of the existence of a norm and moving cost inside a community. Because of deviation cost (such as social shame or peer pressure for example), consumers inside a given community may not reach their ideal consumption, that is the consumption they would have without social constraint. On the other hand, moving to another community may be too expensive (in terms of social assets needed to be part of the new community). Hence, agents may get stuck in their community, being forced to consume something they do not want to. One example of such behavior is the underinvestment in education in some neighborhood. We show that such equilibria are possible and that they may be socially suboptimal equilibria as well as Pareto inferior equilibria. We also show that state intervention can correct those "bad" equilibria by operating transfers between agents in order to lower the moving cost. In the second paper, Social Identity, Advertising and Market Competition, we use a particular approach of a sociological concept, namely Social Identity, which focuses on the fact that people want to signal who they are to others. We assume that this is done by choosing a specific consumption (think of fashion market for example). We show that under this assumption, the classical result of Bertrand Price Competition does not hold anymore, and that prices and profits are positive, meaning that social identity creates market power for firms. Moreover, if the number of goods is limited, groups will be formed, and there will be multiple equilibria, each one corresponding to a particular partition of the consumers. We then add the possibility for firms to use advertising. This allows consumers to have a coordination tool, but increases also market powers for firms. We investigate the various equilibria that arise and their impact in term of welfare. In the third paper, Social Capital in Belgium, we construct an index of social capital using the European Social Survey, and we show that this index can be decomposed in three aspects: Trust, Social Activities and Social Network. We then study whether there is a difference in social capital between Belgium's regions or not. We show that indeed, such difference exists, even when controlling for socioeconomic variables. In a third part, we investigate whether the level of social capital is higher or lower in Belgium than in other European countries, and we analyze European regional differences in term of social capital.


In two player games players are in conflict to each other and coalitions are not allowed but in three-player games two players can join their efforts against the third player. As a result, cooperation is a key-factor that deeply affects the complexity of three-player games. In Toppling Dominoes, cooperation can be much more difficult than competition and, as a consequence, three-player Toppling Dominoes played on a set of rows of dominoes is NP-complete.


This paper analyses a case study undertaken in 2001 of a Victorian public sector water utility to examine the implications of public sector 'modernisation' reforms of the 1980s and 1990s for the adoption of environmental accounting (EA) procedures within the Victorian water industry. Legislative reforms have resulted in the allocation of overhead costs for the purpose of segmented reporting and to measure the 'full cost' of departments. This was consistent with the "managerialist", "marketization" and "strategic" phases of public sector 'modernisation' reforms, but did not measure the full economic (environmental) cost. The application of full cost recovery for the purpose of efficiency was further evidence of the impact of public sector modernisation reforms but did not extend to the recovery of externalities. Private environmental costs were traced and integrated into direct cost categories, consistent with the philosophy of managerialism. Costs were measured for the purposes of promoting the contracting out of selected services and functions. There was limited adoption of environmental accounting practices, due to the absence of environmental accounting measurement guidelines. Staff interviewed recognized the importance of environmental issues, but were yet to appreciate the benefits of adopting EA practices. Subsequent to the case study, the Victorian government introduced legislation that required water authorities to make provisions for environmental contributions, a step towards accounting for environmental externalities. This was the beginning of the "sustainability" phase of public sector 'modernisation' reforms.


The evolution of traditional electric grids toward "smarter" grids involves the deployment of novel wide-area and/or local communication infrastructure to facilitate new applications, such as advanced protection and control (P&C), Energy Management Systems (EMS), Microgrid Control Systems (MGCS), Wide-Area Protection, Monitoring and Control System (WAMPACS), and distributed control. These communicationbased applications, however, introduce new risks due to their increased dependency on communication infrastructure, which is susceptible to cyber threats [1]. In addition, the participation of prosumers (producers/consumers) at the distribution level may also expose the grid to cyber vulnerabilities. This is since prosumers will likely be interconnected to the main grid through a shared communication infrastructure, causing more potential cyber risk. Thus, it is important to study the grid along with its communication systems as a whole Cyber-Physical System (CPS) to evaluate potential risks of critical failure and blackouts.


Objective: Early intervention is aimed at preventing or mitigating common pediatric oral diseases and conditions while initiating a relationship between the mother, the child, and the dental caregiver. Every expectant mother should receive oral health education and risk assessment. There are a number of reports that showed the association between oral diseases and preterm, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes. The purpose of this study is to understand the attitude and knowledge regarding prenatal as well as infant oral health care among gynecologists in the medical colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: The study involved a survey involving gynecologists in medical colleges in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. A pretested questionnaire was provided to all the gynecologists (21) working in the medical colleges in Bhubaneswar regarding prenatal and perinatal oral health care. Results: The study gave an idea that most gynecologists working in a medical college in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, had adequate knowledge regarding oral health of expectant mothers, but lack in knowledge when it comes to imparting knowledge on infants' health care. Conclusion: There is an adequate knowledge among the gynecologists about oral health of expectant mothers and infants, but still, there is a need of a multidisciplinary collaboration among gynecologists, pediatricians, and pediatric dentists to prevent the dental diseases rather than treating them.


In gunshot wounds to the head, the bullet containing neurotoxic lead may remain in the brain after trauma, and brain damage is therefore anticipated. We developed an animal model incorporating a lead ball implanted in the brain, or a glass ball as a control, and analyzed histological and biochemical changes in the brain for 28 days after surgery. The concentration of lead in the brain increased with time after implantation of the lead ball, while lead was not detected in brains implanted with a glass ball. A number of changes were noted following implantation of the lead ball. The number of neutrophils increased significantly at 7-28 days, while the number of macrophages also increased significantly with time. The number of neurons was significantly decreased by 28 days, and apoptotic cells were identified at 14-28 days. Expression of genes encoding N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, which are related to cognitive function and help regulate apoptosis, was significantly suppressed at 7-21 days after implantation. Expression of metallothionein protein increased significantly with time. Metallothionein detoxifies lead and its overexpression is a known method of protection against lead neurotoxicity. These findings indicate that intracerebral lead induces neuronal degeneration that is attributable in part to the inflammation and apoptosis caused by leached lead. Although the severity of the brain damage primarily depends on the destructive effect of the moving bullet, the results of this study indicate that lead leaching from the residual bullet also damages the brain.


Networks are characterized by participants with varying interests, qualifications and behaviors. The existing methods and algorithms used for community formation in these networks fail to capture the behavioral aspect of the users who form the community. In this paper, we introduce a game-theoretic approach to address the community formation problem in social networks based on Knowledge Quotient [KQ]. Given an underlying social graph, we assume that each node is a selfish agent who wishes to be in a community where his peers are of the same KQ. We formulate the agents utility based on the modularity concept introduced by Newman [2] and extending it to include the KQ criteria which helps in forming communities with the same behavior. The proposed paper helps address social network problems like diffusion of information and innovation, e-commerce (marketing), job finding, build effective social and political campaigns in a better way by considering the KQ of the members of the social community.


Abstract   Shiroro dam is one of the three major hydroelectric dams built on River Kaduna in Niger State located in the northwestern part of Nigeria. The river flood plain downstream the dam has rich alluvial soils with great agricultural potentials and this has been the major pull factor for several local communities that settled in the area and engaged in farming as a means of livelihood. However, the downstream communities are exposed to flooding and other hazards related to their livelihood activities and living pattern. A study on rural hazards identification and vulnerability assessment was conducted in Gusoro and Gurmana villages of Shiroro Local Government Area at the downstream sector of Shiroro dam in February, 2012. The study relied on direct field survey using the instruments of oral interview, questionnaire survey and field measurements for data collection. The results form data analysis indicated, among others, that the communities were exposed to floods, erosion and health hazards as well as the risk of building collapse and environmental degradation. The local coping strategies of building concentration on higher grounds, construction of elevated footpaths and embankments were found to be primitive and unsustainable. The problems of high level of illiteracy, poverty and dependent population (about50%) as well as low or complete lack of access to safe drinking water, health facilities, basic infrastructure and credit facilities (18.1%) make the people highly vulnerable. The level of preparedness was low as there were no disaster management committees, local disaster management institutions and local disaster plan. All these reduced community resilience and increased the vulnerability of the people. The study suggested the provision of basic facilities, vigorous awareness education and the institution of integrated community based disaster risk reduction programmes as practical measures for reducing the risk of disasters in the area.


Luffa Echinata Roxb. fruits popularly known, as 'Bindal' in Hindi is a slender herb belonging to the Cucurbitaceae which grows widely in India. In traditional system of medicine, Luffa echinata Roxb. fruits were used for various ailments including inflammation, diabetes etc. To investigate the folkloric use of the fruits the present study was carried out on Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic rats. The present study states the effect of the aqueous extract (LEFAE) and the alcoholic extract (LEFEE) of Luffa echinata Roxb. fruits on the Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritic rat paw edema, body weight changes and alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters in both developing and developed phases of arthritis. Histopathology of proximal interphalangeal joints and radiology of hind legs were studied. In FCA induced arthritic rats, there was significant increase in rat paw volume and decrease in body weight increment, whereas LEFEE and LEFAE treated groups, showed significant reduction in paw volume and normal gain in body weight. The altered haematological parameters (Hb, RBC, WBC and ESR) in the arthritic rats were significantly brought back to near normal by the LEFEE and LEFAE treatment at the dose of 250 mg/kg/p.o in both developing and developed phases of arthritis. Further the histopathological and radiological studies revealed the antiarthritic activity of LEFEE and LEFAE by indicating fewer abnormalities in these groups when compared to the arthritic control group. The results of the current investigation concluded, ethanol extract of Luffa echinata Roxb. Fruits, extract possess a significant anti-arthritic activity against adjuvant induced arthritis and justifying its therapeutic role in arthritic condition. The observed antiarthritic activity may be due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as irridiod glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids.


OBJECTIVES
Cardiac mortality is known to be increased in depressive patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive to date. Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) has been discussed as contributing to increased cardiac mortality, but studies examining patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) have revealed inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate long-term and broad band parameters of heart rate regulation in MDD, which have been shown to be more sensitive for the assessment of autonomic dysfunction.

METHODS
A total of 18 non-medicated patients suffering from MDD and 18 matched control subjects without cardiac disease were recruited and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiograms were recorded. Data were recorded during three distinct time intervals linear and nonlinear parameters as well as autonomic information flow (AIF) were calculated.

RESULTS
The power law slope was significantly reduced in the patient group for all intervals investigated and correlated with symptom severity, whereas standard deviation of the 5-min NN intervals (SDANN) and area under the AIF curve (INT(NN)) showed significant differences between groups in the morning hours only. Analysis of standard HRV parameters in the time and frequency domain revealed no significant differences between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The evidence for decreased complexity of cardiac regulation in depressed patients presented here might be useful as an indicator of the increased cardiac mortality known in depression, especially since these parameters are capable of predicting cardiac mortality in other diseases. The importance of these parameters for patients at risk should be evaluated in future prospective studies.


The Canadian Academy of Nursing (the Academy) was established in 2019 to provide a focal point for nursing leadership in Canada that had been missing among the 40+ specialty practice and interest groups affiliated with the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA). More than 41,000 regulated nurses work in formal administration or management leadership roles, and many of them have shared a worrying array of self-identified gaps in leadership skills and development. This article presents an overview of programs being launched within the Academy to help address these gaps and describes other public policy priorities being addressed by the CNA.


The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of strategic planning on change management in the telecommunication industry with the specific reference to Telkom Kenya Ltd. The study was anchored on Contingency Planning Theory. The target population was 1450 employees of Telkom Kenya. Stratified proportional sampling was used to get a suitable sample of 145 respondents and the study adopted a descriptive research design. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool and they were pilot tested on 15 staff at Telkom Thika branch before being administered to the target audience. Analysis of data was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 24. Descriptive statistics, specifically, means, averages and percentages were used to analyse individual variables. Simple tabulations were used to presented descriptive statistics. This study also used inferential statistics to examine the relationship between the study variables. Data was analysed using quantitative methods through regression analysis and presentation of data was in form of tables and figures. The study established that strategic planning had significant effect on change management. Specifically, the findings indicate that strategic planning and change management are positively and significantly related (R2= 0.57, p≤0.000). This study concluded that strategic planning plays an important role in change management such that change in the strategic planning results in positive variation in change management. The study recommended that, Telkom Kenya should treat strategic planning in the organization as one of the critical survival factors when implementing


Today we are living in the world of technology we use this in all walks of our life. From 2019 we are facing difficult times in history. Many lost their jobs and people from commercial sector lost their business. Students are learning from home instead of going to schools, colleges or universities. We are all worried about COVID-19 and this has created a stressful situation. This research address the problems of students while learning through online mode. Today in this pandemic situation it is the only mode of teaching and learning. Objectives of the study: To understand the problems faced by students during online learning session. Population of the Study: All students studying in central university of Tamil Nadu is selected as the population of the study. Sample of the Study: Students were selected randomly and questionnaire was administered to them. Data was analysed quantitatively using percentage and graph. This study will be helpful to the educationist for understanding the student's difficulties during online teaching and learning sessions. This will help them to design online learning session in useful and interesting manner which will benefit the students. Findings of the study: Investigator have prepared fifteen questions both of positive and negative polarity. Points 4 and 5 was taken as students positive opinion on online learning and 1 and 2 points was taken as negative opinion on online learning and point 3 is taken as neither positive nor negative. For seven questions students answered positively and six questions students answered neither positive nor negative and for one question they answered negatively. In one question there was equal load on positive and neither positive nor negative. Therefore for maximum number of questions students answered positively that is they have positive opinion on online learning.


The relevance of rehabilitation in progressive neurological disorders, such as Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA), has yet to be convincingly proven. FRDA is characterized by ataxia, loss of gait, scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, dysarthria and dysphagia, with reduced life expectancy. The disease onset is usually in adolescence, leading to progressive disability. Omaveloxolone has been recently approved as the first pharmacological treatment for FRDA in adults and adolescents aged 16 years and older. Regarding non-pharmacological therapies, neurorehabilitation is a valuable aid in addressing the symptoms and in maintaining the residual functioning. We performed a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the efficacy of inpatient rehabilitation (IR) for people with FRDA.A total of 42 individuals (29 adults and 13 children) with FRDA were recruited. There were 27 ambulant and 15 non-ambulant participants. The patients underwent IR of 3 and 4 weeks in children and adults, respectively. The IR treatment was designed to be applied within a multidisciplinary setting, so FRDA patients underwent, in addition to physiotherapy, also occupational therapy, practical manual activities and psychological support aiming to enhance transferable skills useful in the activities of daily living. The primary outcome was the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Other measures were: Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS) and Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Furthermore, we used the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) only on ambulant subjects. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the treatment.We report that the IR significantly improves motor performance and ataxia symptoms in patients with FRDA. Our study shows significant functional improvement in all the outcome measures used, except for NHPT bilaterally. FARS and SARA scores post-IR are significatively reduced when compared (p < 0.001).We demonstrate that IR programs in FRDA can provide a meaningful clinical improvement in terms of outcome measures. These findings could be useful when approaching progressive neurological disorders.


The paper presents an intelligent multi-agent security framework for grid computing. The framework is intended to deal with the increasing heavy security burden of the grid computing along with its growing adoption in industrial and commercial applications. The paper defines a multi-agent architecture which combines the intelligent, cooperative and autonomous capabilities of agents as well as the foundational security mechanism of the grid security infrastructure (GSI). The architecture consists of a security enforcement agent and some security function agents, such as user interface agent, authentication agent, authorization agent and audit agent. Our system is embedded into Globus system, and the implementation of our framework shows that the framework can lighten the security burden of users and administrators effectively.


The finite element method is used to obtain the elastic buckling load factor k for square plates containing circular and square cutouts. ANSYS commercial finite element software had been used in the study. The applied in- plane load considered is uniaxial compression. In all the cases the load is distributed uniformly along the simply supported or clamped outer edges. The degree of eccentricity and the plate thickness ratio are the major factors. In the present study influence of different plate edge conditions, (SSSS, CCCC and SCSC), with cutout eccentricity along x, y and in diagonal directions and different plate thickness ratios on the buckling strength of the perforated square plates are investigated.


Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate quality characteristics of pork emulsified-sausage (ES) containing paprika oleoresin solution (POS) as a replacement for sodium nitrite (NaNO2) during refrigerated storage. ESs were prepared with four treatments: 1) REF, 150 ppm NaNO2; 2) CTL, 75 ppm NaNO2; 3) TRT1, 75 ppm NaNO2+0.1% POS (1% paprika oleoresin+99% sunflower seed oil); and 4) TRT2, 75 ppm NaNO2+0.1% POS (5% paprika oleoresin+95% sunflower seed oil). The addition of POS into ES increased redness and yellowness but decreased lightness (p<0.05). TRT1 and TRT2 had higher redness and yellowness than CTL (p<0.05). TRT1 and TRT2 had lower total plate counts (Log CFU/g) than CTL due to antimicrobial activity of POS, regardless of its levels (p<0.05). Residual nitrite decreased with increasing storage time for all treatments. TRT2 had lower residual nitrite due to nitrite scavenging activity of POS (p<0.05). CTL had the highest thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARS) among all treatments during storage. The addition of POS into ES showed nitrite scavenging activity during refrigerated storage. In conclusion, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the ES with a combination of POS and 75 ppm NaNO2 were similar to those of REF (150 ppm NaNO2), and improved color development of redness value. Therefore, the addition of POS could decrease the amount of nitrite in ESs, leading to healthier meat products.


Abstract Context. The abundance and distribution of mammalian species often change in response to environmental variability, losses or gains in suitable habitat and, in the case of pest species, control programs. Consequently, conventional distribution maps rapidly become out of date and fail to provide useful information for wildlife managers. For invasive brushtail possum populations in New Zealand, the main causes of change are control programs by central and local government agencies, and post-control recovery through recolonisation and in situ recruitment. Managers need to know current, and likely future, possum population levels relative to control targets to help assess success at preventing the spread of disease or for protecting indigenous species. Information on the outcomes of government-funded possum control needs to be readily available to members of the general public interested in issues such as conservation, disease management and animal welfare. Aims. To produce dynamic, scalable maps of the current and predicted future distribution and abundance of possums in New Zealand, taking into account changes due to control, and to use recent visualisation technology to make this information accessible to managers and the general public for assessing control strategies at multiple spatial scales. Methods. We updated an existing individual-based spatial model of possum population dynamics, extending it to represent all individuals in a national population of up to 40 million. In addition, we created a prototype interface for interactive web-based presentation of the model's predictions. Key results. The improved capability of the new model for assessing possum management at local-to-national scales provided for real-time, mapped updates and forecasts of the distribution and abundance of possums in New Zealand. The versatility of this platform was illustrated using scenarios for current and emerging issues in New Zealand. These are hypothetical incursions of possums, reinvasion of large areas cleared of possums, and impacts on animal welfare of national-scale management of possums as vectors of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Conclusions. The new individual-based spatial model for possum populations in New Zealand demonstrated the utility of combining models of wildlife population dynamics with high-speed computing capability to provide up-to-date, easily accessible information on a species' distribution and abundance. Applications include predictions for future changes in response to incursions, reinvasion and large-scale possum control. Similar models can be used for other species for which there are suitable demographic data, typically pest species, harvested species or species with a high conservation value. Implications. Models such as the spatial model for possums in New Zealand can provide platforms for (1) real-time visualisation of wildlife distribution and abundance, (2) reporting and assessing progress towards achieving management goals at multiple scales, (3) use as a decision-support tool to scope potential changes in wildlife populations or simulate the outcomes of alternative management strategies, and (4) making information about pest control publicly available.


In this review the authors describe the physiopathological mechanisms responsible for inflammatory lesions in primary glomerulonephritis. Primary glomerular nephropathies can be reproduced experimentally: models have been set up for non-proliferative kidney diseases such as minimal change disease or membranous glomerulopathies, and for proliferative kidney diseases such as Berger's disease. Studies performed with these models have resulted in the identification of inflammatory mechanisms creating glomerular lesions which may be acute (proteinuria) or progressive (glomerular sclerosis). These mechanisms include activation of resident cells, notably mesangial cells, and recruitment of circulating cells such as neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and platelets. These cells participate in the local inflammatory reaction by releasing soluble mediators including biologically active lipids, such as eicosanoids, reactive oxygen and nitrogen derivatives, proteases, cytokines and vasoactive polypeptides. The importance of these mediators has been deduced from the fact that they are produced locally in excess, their introduction produces lesions and, above all, their suppression by inhibitory or antagonistic pharmacological agents reduces the severity of the lesions. Several observations have shown that the development of all the lesions can be prevented simply by blocking the activity of only one of these mediators. It is therefore possible to consider replacing the conventional glucocorticoid treatment, which has multiple pharmacological actions, by a more specific treatment directed against a single mediator.


This study reviews developments and issues in the exchange arrangements and currency convertibility of IMF members. Completed in 1997, the report outlines the developments on the basis of information available at that time. The principle information source is the Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions (AREAER) prepared in consultation with national authorities.


Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate 36 cross combinations developed by crossing 2 CMS lines with 18 testers in line x tester mating design to identify effective restores and maintainers from elite lines and work out best heterotic combinations in terms of yield and yield components. Assessment of standard heterosis based on standard checks (SR-1 and Jhelum) of effectively restored cross combinations showed that there was significant heterosis for all the traits except number of filled grains per panicle and the degree of heterosis varied from trait to trait. The entire cross combinations that showed superiority over standard checks for grain yield per plant also showed significant heterosis for majority of other traits. The best cross combination in terms of grain yield was SKAU7A x K-08-61-2 and for early maturity SKAU11A x SR-2 over check SR-1 only. In terms of restoration ability of genotypes 3 lines were categorized as effective restores viz. K-08-61-2, K-08-60-2 and SR-2 and 5 lines were categorized as maintainers viz. SKAU-405, Jhelum, SKAU-407, China-1007 and SKAU-391. The average proportion of restorers, partial restorers, partial maintainers and maintainers were 16:22:33:27, respectively.


ObjectiveㅋPanic disorder is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, several studies reported increased cholesterol levels after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). MethodsㅋWe examined the serum cholesterol levels in 21 panic disorder patients before and after 24 weeks of treatment with citalopram. ResultsㅋThe levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased after the treatment, whereas there were no significant changes in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Significant weight changes were observed as well. ConclusionsㅋCitalopram should be used with caution when panic patients have high risk of cardiovascular disorders.


As an essential part of Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have touched every aspect of our lives, such as health monitoring, environmental monitoring and traffic monitoring. However, due to its openness, wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to various security threats. User authentication, as the first fundamental step to protect systems from various attacks, has attracted much attention. Numerous user authentication protocols armed with formal proof are springing up. Recently, two biometric-based schemes were proposed with confidence to be resistant to the known attacks including offline dictionary attack, impersonation attack and so on. However, after a scrutinization of these two schemes, we found them not secure enough as claimed, and then demonstrated that these schemes suffer from various attacks, such as offline dictionary attack, impersonation attack, no user anonymity, no forward secrecy, etc. Furthermore, we proposed an enhanced scheme to overcome the identified weaknesses, and proved its security via Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic and the heuristic analysis. Finally, we compared our scheme with other related schemes, and the results showed the superiority of our scheme.


Child care staff are among the lowest wage workers, a group at increased risk for a wide array of chronic diseases. To date, the health of child care staff has been largely ignored, and there have been very few interventions designed for child care staff. This article describes the development of the Caring and Reaching for Health (CARE) Healthy Lifestyles intervention, a workplace intervention aimed at improving physical activity and health behaviors among child care staff. Theory and evidence-based behavior change techniques informed the development of intervention components with targets at multiple social ecological levels. Final intervention components included an educational workshop held at a kick-off event, followed by three 8-week campaigns. Intervention components within each campaign included (1) an informational magazine, (2) goal setting and weekly behavior self-monitoring, (3) weekly tailored feedback, (4) e-mail/text prompts, (5) center-level displays that encouraged team-based goals and activities, and (6) coaching for center directors. This multilevel, theory-driven intervention is currently being evaluated as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Process evaluation efforts will assess the extent to which child care staff participated in, engaged with, and were satisfied with the intervention. Lessons learned will guide future intervention research engaging child care workers.


In this paper, we present a Bayesian framework for the fully automatic tracking of a variable number of interacting targets using a fixed camera. This framework uses a joint multi-object state-space formulation and a trans-dimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) particle filter to recursively estimates the multi-object configuration and efficiently search the state-space. We also define a global observation model comprised of color and binary measurements capable of discriminating between different numbers of objects in the scene. We present results which show that our method is capable of tracking varying numbers of people through several challenging real-world tracking situations such as full/partial occlusion and entering/leaving the scene.


There are over 840,000 people in the UK with dementia, most of whom will experience Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). Treatment options for BPSD are limited and often they have been managed with anti-psychotic medication, which increase mortality and the risk of stroke in people with dementia. Consequently, it is imperative to evaluate the impact that non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise have on BPSD. This research seeks to address this matter by: exploring the current state of knowledge through a literature review; designing a simple, measurable and safe physical intervention for BPSD; devising, carrying out and reporting findings on a methodologically robust trial of exercise; and discussing its impact and future directions. A rapid appraisal of the literature showed that exercise programmes for people with dementia have often been poorly conceptualised and research methods had significant limitations; this was addressed with the design of EVIDEM-E. EVIDEM-E was a pragmatic, randomised, parallel group, single-blind, controlled trial that evaluated the effectiveness of exercise (planned walking) on the BPSD symptoms of 131 dyads (individuals with dementia and their carers). Physical exercise was delivered as an individually tailored regime of walking designed to become progressively intensive. Regular walking did not produce a statistically significant reduction in BPSD. This exercise, however, attenuated carer burden significantly. It is not clear whether this was because of the exercise per se, increased psychosocial interaction between carer and person with dementia, or a Hawthorne effect. Further research should focus on the mechanisms by which exercise may affect carers' burden and whether reducing carer burden has long-term effects.


Since the mid-2000s it has become common, although far from universal, to characterise the world as 'multipolar'. There has, however, been scant attention to how the key protagonists view the changing distribution of power. This article sets the stage for this special issue of POLITICS, which begins to address that lacuna. It introduces the significance of a change in the global balance of power and explores how power in the international context is understood and assessed. It then makes the case for which actors are the key protagonists in the current global distribution of power and contextualises the subsequent articles by providing comparative indicators of power across a range of dimensions. Drawing on the contributions, this article concludes that while the 'rules of the game' of international politics probably will change, they are unlikely to do so beyond all recognition.


The proteasome and heat shock proteins have been found in the centrosome. The evidence of their copurification reported by several studies suggests that they form stable complex. In addition, Hsp90 is involved in the loading of proteasome‐generated antigenic peptides to the class I major histocompatibility complex. In this article, we report a detailed thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of the Hsp90‐20S proteasome interaction, using a surface plasmon resonance technique. The modulation exerted by protons in solution has been investigated, and the results have been discussed, taking into account structural motifs characterizing the binding interface between the two macromolecules. Proteins 2002;48:169–177. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract In 1988, the Greenlandic Inuk and Danish artist Pia Arke and her Danish partner, Michael Petersen, painted two monochrome squares: one atop a mountain overlooking the capital of Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland), another in central Copenhagen. The earthworks are anomalous to both artists' oeuvres, yet in this essay, I propose that their iterative structure and enigmatic form provide a lens through which to reassess the development of Arke's early career. In addition to establishing continuity between her views on painting and photography, and on both media's relations to land, the project's fragmented site-specificity evokes larger, representational challenges within the struggle for Inuit self-determination in Kalaallit Nunaat. Identical in material and scale yet marked by undeniable, site-specific differences, the earthworks prompt reflection on the increasingly opaque forms colonial power adopted in response to growing demands for Indigenous sovereignty. This essay, in turn, argues for understanding Arke's cultivation of opaque form in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a response to these political contradictions.


Phage display screening of a surface-immobilized adenine derivative led to the identification of a heptameric peptide with selectivity for adenine as demonstrated through quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies. The peptide demonstrated a concentration dependent affinity for an adeninyl moiety decorated surface (KD of 968 ± 53.3 μM), which highlights the power of piezoelectric sensing in the study of weak interactions.


Particle swarm optimization algorithm based on variable metric method is proposed for the defects of elementary particle swarm optimization algorithm "premature" and the parameter setting.The algorithm uses fast local convergence characteristics of the variable metric method,so that the improved algorithm can jump out of local optimal solution effectively,and can also search the global optimal solution quickly.Simulation results show that the new algorithm improves the accuracy of the optimal solution and optimization efficiency;also demonstrate that the new algorithm has better robustness,and then the improved algorithm is successfully applied to solve the problem of nonlinear equations.


A 85-year-old Brazilian woman presented with a 3-months history of oral lesions. She reported a long use of hydrochlorothyazide and losartan for systemic arterial hypertension and levotiroxin for hypothyroidism. Additionally, she reported to have hepatitis C. The rest of her medical history was non-contributory. Physical examination revealed multiple white, reticulopapular lesions in bilateral buccal mucosa, tongue and gingiva. There was no regional lymphadenopathy. Laboratory studies including urinalysis, blood count and blood chemistry were all within the normal range.


This work evaluates carbon emissions of passenger vehicles in Great Britain, considering estimated electric vehicle market penetration until 2050. A MATLAB model was developed based on national data of vehicle sales and licensed vehicles by model – petrol, diesel, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fully electric battery electric vehicles (BEVs) – average annual mileage, and carbon intensity of electricity generation. The model includes several considerations, such as vehicle survival rate, mileage decay by vehicle age, battery and charging efficiencies, and corrections to reflect real-world driving. The results show a continuous annual decline of carbon emissions from passenger vehicles, reaching 97.9% decrease from 2020 levels at the end of the evaluated period, driven by efficient battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and cleaner electricity grid mix. By 2030 electric vehicles are predicted to account for half of the fleet, but carbon emissions from electricity generation to their charge will be less than 3% of the total. By 2045 carbon emissions from electricity production to charge BEVs and PHEVs will be the largest share of the total, but it will represent only 3.6% of the total 2020 level. Cumulative carbon emissions from electricity production to BEVs and PHEVs will be 4.8% of the total by 2050, even considering the ban of petrol and diesel cars.


An access control device (10) disclosed comprises a receiving unit (11), an analyzing unit (12), an access control unit (15), and a sending unit (16). The receiving unit (11) receives an e-mail from the source. If a file is attached to the e-mail, the analyzing unit (12) analyzes the texts of the file and identifies the user having access rights to the file from the analysis result. The access control unit (15) executes, on the file, an access control process corresponding to the user having access rights. The sending unit (16) attaches, to the e-mail, the file on which the access control process has been executed and sends it to the destination of the e-mail, instead of the file originally attached to the e-mail.


Even though hot melt extrusion (HME) is a commonly applied process in the pharmaceutical area, determination of the optimal process parameters is demanding. The goal of this study was to find a rational approach for predetermining suitable extrusion parameters, with a focus on material temperature and throughput. A two-step optimization procedure, called scale-independent optimization strategy (SIOS), was applied and developed further, including the use of an autogenic extrusion mode. Three different polymers (Plasdone S-630, Soluplus, and Eudragit EPO) were considered, and different optimal process parameters were assessed. The maximum barrel load was dependent on the polymers' bulk density and the extruder size. The melt temperature was influenced by the screw speed and the rheological behavior of the polymer. The melt viscosity depended mainly on the screw speed and was self-adjusted in the autogenic extrusion. A new approach, called SIOS 2.0, was suggested for calculating the extrusion process parameters (screw speed, melt temperature and throughput) based on the material data and a few extrusion experiments.


All commercial remotely controllable home appliances consume electric power while in standby mode waiting for a remote signal. This paper presents a new remote control system that consumes absolute zero power in standby mode. In this system, the home appliance is physically disconnected from the AC power line by a latch-type power relay in standby mode. When a laser beam is emitted from a remote controller to turn on the home appliance, the photovoltaic array mounted on the home appliance receives and accumulates the light energy in a storage capacitor. An autonomous connection circuit is devised and used to separate the storage capacitor from the power relay to prevent discharge during the light energy accumulation stage. When the proposed remote control system is implemented on a 190 W commercial television, use of a 15 mW infrared (830 nm) laser light for 620 ms turns it on at a distance of 2 m in a completely dark room. It can then be turned off using commercial remote controller1.


Particularly high coherence of the x-ray beam is associated, on the ID19 beamline at ESRF, with the small angular size of the source as seen from a point of the sample (0.1-1 µrad). This feature makes the imaging of phase objects extremely simple, by using a `propagation' technique. The physical principle involved is Fresnel diffraction. Phase imaging is being simultaneously developed as a technique and used as a tool to investigate light natural or artificial materials introducing phase variations across the transmitted x-ray beam. They include polymers, wood, crystals, alloys, composites or ceramics, exhibiting inclusions, holes, cracks, ... . `Tomographic' three-dimensional reconstruction can be performed with a filtered back-projection algorithm either on the images processed as in attenuation tomography, or on the phase maps retrieved from the images with a reconstruction procedure similar to that used for electron microscopy. The combination of diffraction (`topography') and Fresnel (`phase') imaging leads to new results.


A characterizing property of Zenga (1984) inequality curve is exploited in order to develop an estimator for the extreme value index of a distribution with regularly varying tail. The approach proposed here has a nice graphical interpretation which provides a powerful method for the analysis of the tail of a distribution. The properties of the proposed estimation strategy are analysed theoretically and by means of simulations. The usefulness of the method will be tested also on real data sets.


We describe response measures to an outbreak involving 128 (33.4%) coronavirus disease cases (46.1% asymptomatic) among 383 persons onboard a passenger ship. Multivariate analysis indicated that dining in certain rooms and bar areas, nationality, working department (for crew members), and quarantining onboard the ship were significantly associated with infection.


The experience of plastic closure of purulent wounds in the foot of 55 patients is presented. The average area of wounds was 61 cm2. Treatment of defects of plantar surface was most difficult. The differential policy in plastic surgery of foot wounds was developed. Complete closure of the defect was achieved in 81% patients. The most promising method of plastic closure is dosed tissue expanding.


In an 11-year-old girl with congenital insensitivity to pain, diagnosis depended on three diagnostic features: pain sensation absent from birth; entire body affected; all other sensory modalities and deep tendon reflexes present. The cause of this disease is unknown. Other diseases to be considered when insensitivity to pain is present are diabetes, lues, and syringomyelia. Less common neurologic diseases are congenital sensory neuropathy with or without anhidrosis, familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome), and sensory radicular neuropathy. The three orthopedic manifestations of congenital insensitivity to pain are recurrent fractures, neuropathic (Charcot's) joints, and osteomyelitis. Management is based on proper appreciation of the disease. Prevention of complications is important. Treatment of fractures and osteomyelitis is straightforward. However, the treatment of neuropathic joints demands caution and is done best nonsurgically.


Abstract. The theory of the Weibel instability is generalized for the case of a plasma immersed in a nonzero external magnetic field. It is shown that the presence of this external field modifies the dispersion relation for this mode which now possesses a nonzero frequency. The explicit expression for the real and imaginary parts of the frequency is then calculated. It turns out that the linear growth rate remains unchanged, whereas the frequency becomes nonzero due to the finite value of the electron cyclotron frequency. The frequency of the Weibel mode is found to be proportional to the electron temperature anisotropy. The formal similarity of the Weibel and drift-mirror instabilities is outlined.


Background and Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an entity with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors and is associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Low level cardiovascular fitness is also associated with risk of T2DM. An association between Pulse Index (PI) and MS requires further description. This study sought to determine the association between PI and components of MS. Methods: Seventy-seven participants/subjects aged 48.6±6.52 years with T2DM were enrolled into the study at Aminu-Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. PI and components of MS including Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HBAlc), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-CHOL), Triglycerides (TRIG.), Blood Pressure (BP) and obesity were assessed before and after twelve-week therapeutic exercises. Results: Inverse correlations were obtained for PI and each ofFBG (r=-0.45), HBAlc (r=-0.52), TRIG (r=-0.26), BP(r=-0.43/-0.32), Waist Circumference (r=-0.53), BMI (r=-0.79), blood pressure (r=-0.43/-0.32) except HDL-CHOL (r= 0.67), (P< 0.05 for all the subjects/participants). Conclusions: Low-levels of PI were associated with poor glycaemia, hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Therapeutic exercises aimed at improving cardiovascular fitness may have significant improvement on MS. which in turn aids the prevention of both T2DM and cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular fitness, aerobic exercises, Pulse Index'


In Reply.— Dr Bloch raises a good point. There is the possibility of a bias in case selection when patients with right and left hemisphere lesions are compared on one or another performance. Some patients with severe receptive language disorder either fail to grasp nonverbal pantomimed (as well as verbal) instructions or they apparently forget the instructions in the course of task performance. This also may occur with nonaphasic patients with massive right hemisphere disease and with demented patients. In our study, five nonaphasic patients with right hemisphere lesions were excluded from the study because they failed to respond appropriately to the easy practice items preceding the test. Of the 48 patients with left hemisphere disease, nine had anterior lesions of whom six were aphasic, 20 had posterior lesions of whom 14 were aphasic, and 19 patients had lesions that either could not be confidently localized or extended into both the anterior


The author makes an attempt at analysing the legal status of the Ili Province, the region of the qing Empire which had been an independent Junghar Khanate conquered by the Manchu dynasty at the turn of the 1760s. Referring to different sources and research works, the author characterises the legal status of the Ili Province from its foundation in the early 1760s to the Muslim rebellion of the early 1860s which resulted in the region's separation from the qing Empire. The author analyses the administrative system and the local government, the status of specific groups of population, the policy of qing regional authorities as regarded foreigners (subjects of Central Asian khanates and the Russian Empire), and its regulations in the field of trade and taxation. The author refers to a wide range of notes of Russian diplomats and merchants who visited the Ili Province between 1770 and the 1860s which makes the work innovative. The analysis of these materials allows the author to describe the formally fixed legal status of the region, its population and foreigners but also the specific features of putting legal regulations into practice, and problems which the Manchu authorities faced in the Ili Province connected with the population and subjects of the neighbouring states. The author concludes that the Ili Province in 1760–1860s had a "transitional character" which caused a specific legal status both Manchu subjects and foreigners had, and which was different from their status in other Chinese regions. Later, this specific status was fixed legally, specifically in the Russian-Chinese treaties on the rights of Russian subjects in the Ili Province.


Purpose DNA repair defects due to detrimental BRCA2-mutations confer increased susceptibility towards DNA interstrand-crosslinking (ICL) agents and define patient subpopulations for individualized genotype-based cancer therapy. However, due to the side effects of these drugs, there is a need to identify additional agents, which could be used alone or in combination with ICL-agents. Therefore, we investigated whether BRCA2-mutations might also increase the sensitivity towards TRAIL-receptors (TRAIL-R)-targeting compounds. Experimental design Two independent model systems were applied: a BRCA2 gene knockout and a BRCA2 gene complementation model. The effects of TRAIL-R-targeting compounds and ICL-agents on cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were compared in BRCA2-proficient versus-deficient cancer cells in vitro. In addition, the effects of the TRAIL-R2-targeting antibody LBY135 were assessed in vivo using a murine tumor xenograft model. Results BRCA2-deficient cancer cells displayed an increased sensitivity towards TRAIL-R-targeting agents. These effects exceeded and were mechanistically distinguishable from the well-established effects of ICL-agents. In vitro, ICL-agents expectedly induced an early cell cycle arrest followed by delayed apoptosis, whereas TRAIL-R-targeting compounds caused early apoptosis without prior cell cycle arrest. In vivo, treatment with LBY135 significantly reduced the tumor growth of BRCA2-deficient cancer cells in a xenograft model. Conclusions BRCA2 mutations strongly increase the in vitro- and in vivo-sensitivity of cancer cells towards TRAIL-R-mediated apoptosis. This effect is mechanistically distinguishable from the well-established ICL-hypersensitivity of BRCA2-deficient cells. Our study thus defines a new genetic subpopulation of cancers susceptible towards TRAIL-R-targeting compounds, which could facilitate novel therapeutic approaches for patients with BRCA2-deficient tumors.


Oligohydramnios is a threatening condition to maternal and fetal health. It is a clinical condition characterized by amniotic fluid index (AFI) of ≤ 5cm by sonographic assessment. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in parturient women with oligohydramnios versus others with normal amniotic fluid, and to suggest plan of action in management of oligohydramnios women. Study design: Prospective comparative observational. Methodology: Antenatal women with gestational age 37 weeks and above and fulfilling inclusion criteria attending our Out Patient Department or Labour rooms were included in the present study. Detailed antenatal history including presence of high risk factors were elicited from the patients , then they were clinically examined and subjected to ultrasonography. purposive sample of 168 parturient women (84 study group and 84 control group) were taken. The tools used for data collection were; a structured interview sheet, maternal assessment sheet, Partogram, and neonatal assessment record. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the rate of Caesarian section was significantly higher in oligohydramnios group compared to the control group (44.0% vs. 30.0% respectively). There was significant increasing in FHR decelerations, low Apgar score at 5 min,low birth weight, admission to NICU. Conclusion: It can be concluded that an amniotic fluid index of ≤ 5 cm detected after 37 completed weeks of gestation is an indicator of poor perinatal outcome. It is recommended that determination of AFI through regular antenatal care visits can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods to identify those infants at risk of poor perinatal outcome.


ABSTRACT A comprehensive multiresidue method for the analysis of 33 antibiotics from 7 prevalent classes was comparably investigated for both dairy and poultry manure samples, which can be important pollution sources for the release of antibiotics into the environment. Following salting-out-assisted extraction with acetonitrile, the antibiotics were quantified with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry without a clean-up step. By changing the composition of the mobile phase for chromatography, a pronounced signal enhancement was achieved not only for tetracyclines (TCs) but also for other groups of antibiotics in the manure samples. Although the physicochemical properties of selected antibiotics were quite different, the apparent recovery values from dairy and poultry manure samples by using an extraction solvent comprising McIlvaine buffer and ethylenediaminetetraacetic solution at pH 3 were 86–121% and 89–113%, respectively. Apparent recovery of the antibiotics was not remarkably affected by the extraction solvent over a wide range of pH values, with the exception of the recovery of TC antibiotics from poultry manure, which was in the 53–55% range at pH 8. Furthermore, the poor performance of the analytical method for a few of the antibiotics in poultry manure was correlated with high metal and organic contents of the complicated matrix. The high suppression effects of co-eluted matrix components were compensated by constructing matrix-matched calibration curves and by using internal standards. Simultaneous quantification of seven different antibiotic classes with low limit of detection values varying from 0.38 to 31 μg kg−1 for dairy manure and from 0.32 to 5.85 μg kg−1 for poultry manure facilitated their monitoring. The application of the developed analytical method to dairy, broiler and layer-hen manure samples from confined animal feeding operations showed that a wide variety of antibiotics at high concentrations were found in broiler manure.


Clean images are an important requirement for machine vision systems to recognize visual features correctly. However, the environment, optics, electronics of the physical imaging systems can introduce extreme distortions and noise in the acquired images. In this work, we explore the use of reservoir computing, a dynamical neural network model inspired from biological systems, in creating dynamic image filtering systems that extracts signal from noise using inverse modeling. We discuss the possibility of implementing these networks in hardware close to the sensors.


In this paper, a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) model using the polybenzimidazole membrane doped with phosphoric acid molecules is developed based on finite time thermodynamics, considering various polarization losses and losses caused by leakage current. The mathematical expressions of the output power density and efficiency of the HT-PEMFC are deduced. The reliability of the model is verified by the experimental data. The effects of operating parameters and design parameters on the output performance of the HT-PEMFC are further analyzed. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for the multi-objective optimization of the power density and efficiency of the HT-PEMFC. The results show that the output performance of the optimized HT-PEMFC is improved. Then, according to the different output performance of the low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (LT-PEMFC), HT-PEMFC, and optimized HT-PEMFC, different design schemes are provided for a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) powertrain. Simulation tests are conducted under different driving cycles, and the results show that the FCV with the optimized HT-PEMFC is more efficient and consumes less hydrogen.


Isolated fractures of the orbital floor or medial wall are often referred to as blowout fractures (BOFs). Debilitating double vision and aesthetic deformity may affect the patients' quality of life and daily living skills, for instance, working or driving a car. The management of blowout fractures is, however, challenging, since not all fractures demand surgery. Some patients may have symptoms which subside, or may never develop symptoms. Due to a lack of evidence, there are still considerable differences in opinion on the criteria for surgery. The selection of patients for surgery is therefore crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
The aims of this PhD project were to elucidate and investigate various clinical aspects of blowout fractures and to examine the anatomy of the orbital cavity, which included studying the symmetry of the two orbits, the location of orbital arteries, and the pathophysiology of blowout fractures. Several clinical specialties and basic research fields study the orbital cavity. The studies in this PhD project are based on collaboration between the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Ophthalmology and Radiology at the Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet and the Departments of Odontology and Anatomy (Cellular and Molecular Medicine) at the University of Copenhagen.
We assessed the current treatment of blowout fractures at the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) Department at our tertiary hospital in a retrospective study, and found that a third of the patients had persistent double vision 3 months post-trauma, irrespective of whether they had been managed surgically or conservatively (Paper I). We found that the left and right orbit are symmetrical with regards to various morphometrics of both the bony orbit and the intraorbital contents, e.g. volume, surface area and volume of fat and extraocular muscles, and distance to the ethmoidal arteries (Papers II, III and IV). This knowledge may be used in blowout fracture studies on surgical decision-making and orbital reconstruction and also in presurgical planning to avoid iatrogenic damage to the ethmoidal arteries in orbital surgery. In the first longitudinal MRI study of blowout fractures, dynamic post-traumatic changes in the intraorbital soft tissue were detected, i.e. to the best of our knowledge, for the first time indicative of an edema. We conclude that an edema subsides in the days following a blowout fracture and recommend a watchful waiting period before deciding on whether or not to operate (Paper III).
 The 24-12-6 mm rule of thumb determines orbital distances from the anterior lacrimal crest to the ethmoidal arteries and the optic canal. We questioned the applicability of this rule to all patients and investigated whether or not it is feasible to measure the distances on CT images. We found large inter-individual differences in the distances to the ethmoidal arteries and found that preoperative measurements on CT images are feasible and produce results with a low intra- and inter-observer variability.


Background: Pregnancy is a state of hypercoagulation which is likely an adaptive mechanism to maintain placental function during pregnancy and to prevent excessive bleeding in delivery but may increase the tendency of thromboembolism in predisposed pregnant females.

Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to determine some hemostatic parameters in different trimesters of normal pregnant females and to compare them with hemostatic parameters of normal non-pregnant females.

Materials and Methods: This prospective pilot cross-sectional study included a total of 120 subjects. Thirty controls were matched with the study population which included 30 subjects of each trimester (1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters). The blood hemostatic parameters which were compared between the control and the study population were prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), platelet count (PLT), and fibrinogen (Fb). Results were expressed as means and standard deviations, statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and analysis of variance test, SPSS software version 20. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Significant change in PT was seen in 3rd trimester as compared to non-pregnant controls although it decreased gradually from 1st to 3rd trimester. aPTT showed significant decrease in all three trimesters when compared with non-pregnant controls. PLT showed significant decrease only in 2nd and 3rd trimesters as compared to controls. Fb level showed significant increase in all trimesters as compared to normal controls.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that changes in coagulation system in normal pregnant Indian females are consistent with a continuing low-grade process of intravascular coagulation especially in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, all pregnant females, especially those predisposed for hypercoagulation state should undergo coagulation
studies during pregnancy.


Studying basic physical effects sustained in metamaterials characterized by specific constitutive relation is a research topic with a long standing tradition. Besides intellectual curiosity, it derives its importance from the ability to predict observable phenomena that are, if found with an actual metamaterial, a clear indication on its properties. Here, we consider a nonlocal (strong spatial dispersion), lossy, and isotropic metamaterial and study the impact of the nonlocality on the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons sustained at an interface between vacuum and such metamaterial. For that, Fresnel coefficients are calculated and appropriate surface plasmon polaritons existence conditions are being proposed. Predictions regarding the experimentally observable reflection from a frustrated internal reflection geometry are being made. A different behavior for TE and TM polarization is observed. Our work unlocks novel opportunities to seek for traces of the nonlocality in experiments made with nowadays metamaterials.


In this paper, we consider a risk averse competitive firm that adopts currency futures and options for hedging purpose. Based on the assumption of unbiased markets of currency futures and options, we propose the optimal hedging model in dynamic setting. By using two-stage optimization method, we prove that it is desirable for the prudent enterprise to buy exchange rate options to hedge currency risk. Furthermore, we derive the closed-form solutions of the multiperiod hedging problem with the quadratic utility function. We investigate an empirical study incorporated into GARCH-t prediction on the efficiency of hedging with currency futures and options. The empirical results demonstrate that hedging with currency futures and options can reduce the silver export firm's risk exposure. Profits and the effective boundaries are compared in three cases: hedging with futures and options synchronously, only with futures and without any hedge. The results of multiple comparisons among different hedging strategies show that hedging with linear and nonlinear derivatives is advisable for the export firm.


Cardiac myxomas are rare. The clinical diagnosis of an atrial myxoma may occur in an asymptomatic patient but may also present with cardiac failure, syncope, arrythmias, or with vascular evidence of tumour embolisation. The delay in diagnosis from presentation is approximately ten months. We present the case of a 53-year-old woman who attended our Emergency Department with dyspnoea, fatigue and left sided chest pain. Investigations revealed a massive right atrial myxoma. The tumour was resected successfully. Emergency Physicians should be aware of the subtle ways in which an atrial myxoma can present because of the potential for fatal outcomes.


Various methods have been conventionally applied for studies of the nasal cycle. Most of these studies have been through either clinical observations by rhinologists or by the use of physiological apparatuses. The purposes of the present study are to develop a different and simplified technique for measuring the nasal cycle and to determine the extent to which the new technique works with actual cases. Five adult subjects were required to hold a 8 x 6 mirror horizontally under the nostrilsin and to breathe through the nose with the mouth closed. The length of time required for the exhalation vapor to condense on the mirror was measured every 15 minutes from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. LR index scores (L-R/L+R) were calculated on the bases of left and right time, and maximum entropy method spectral analysis was used to determine the nasal cycle. The results showed that three of the subjects demonstrated significant periodicities equivalent to about three or four hour ultradian rhythms. Some of the problems with individual differences and with this new method were discussed.


The Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA) storages and offers global datasets of emission inventories developed in the last 30 years. One of the most recently updated global datasets covering anthropogenic source emissions is the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). This study applied the NetCDF Command Operator (NCO) software to preprocess the anthropogenic sources included in the CAMS datasets and converted those files as an input in the Sparse Matrix Operator Kerner Emissions (SMOKE) model for future air quality modeling. As a result, six steps were applied to obtain the required file format. The case of the Central coast in Chile was analyzed to compare the global database and the official reports for the on-road transport sector. As a result, some differences were shown in the most populated locations of the domain of analysis. The rest of the zones registered similar values. The methodology exposed in this report could be applied in any other region of the planet for air quality modeling studies. The development of global datasets like CAMS is useful for hemispheric analysis and it could bring an estimation on the mesoscale scale. It represents an opportunity for those locations without official reports of non-updated data.


Background The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed life in the United States, as the country has recorded over 23 million cases and 383,000 deaths to date. In the leadup to widespread vaccine deployment, testing and surveillance are critical for detecting and stopping possible routes of transmission. Contact tracing has become an important surveillance measure to control COVID-19 in the United States, and mobile health interventions have found increased prominence in this space. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the use and usability of MyCOVIDKey, a mobile-based web app to assist COVID-19 contact tracing efforts, during the 6-week pilot period. Methods A 6-week study was conducted on the Vanderbilt University campus in Nashville, Tennessee. The study participants, consisting primarily of graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and faculty in the Chemistry Department at Vanderbilt University, were asked to use the MyCOVIDKey web app during the course of the study period. Paradata were collected as users engaged with the MyCOVIDKey web app. At the end of the study, all participants were asked to report on their user experience in a survey, and the results were analyzed in the context of the user paradata. Results During the pilot period, 45 users enrolled in MyCOVIDKey. An analysis of their enrollment suggests that initial recruiting efforts were effective; however, participant recruitment and engagement efforts at the midpoint of the study were less effective. App use paralleled the number of users, indicating that incentives were useful for recruiting new users to sign up but did not result in users attempting to artificially inflate their use as a result of prize offers. Times to completion of key tasks were low, indicating that the main features of the app could be used quickly. Of the 45 users, 30 provided feedback through a postpilot survey, with 26 (58%) completing it in its entirety. The MyCOVIDKey app as a whole was rated 70.0 on the System Usability Scale, indicating that it performed above the accepted threshold for usability. When the key-in and self-assessment features were examined on their own, it was found that they individually crossed the same thresholds for acceptable usability but that the key-in feature had a higher margin for improvement. Conclusions The MyCOVIDKey app was found overall to be a useful tool for COVID-19 contact tracing in a university setting. Most users suggested simple-to-implement improvements, such as replacing the web app framework with a native app format or changing the placement of the scanner within the app workflow. After these updates, this tool could be readily deployed and easily adapted to other settings across the country. The need for digital contact tracing tools is becoming increasingly apparent, particularly as COVID-19 case numbers continue to increase while more businesses begin to reopen.


Since its incorporation into Siena's first public art collection early in the nineteenth century, the provenance of Sano di Pietro's polyptych of The Virgin of the Assumption with Saints has been recognised as the Clarissan church of Santa Petronilla. To date, however, there has been very little comment as to the significance of the provenance of the altarpiece, particularly in relation to the choice of subject matter. This essay explores the complex history of this major Clarissan foundation in Siena, identifying its first location beyond Siena's principal northern gate of Porta Camollia and then describing its subsequent removal during the mid sixteenth century into the safety of the city itself and to the church where the altarpiece was discovered in 1810. Recognising that the presence of a Clarissan donor figure on the central painting of the polyptych provides plausible evidence that the altarpiece was commissioned for the original convent church, the essay further demonstrates how the circumstances of the foundation of Santa Petronilla in the second decade of the thirteenth century provide a key for the principal subject matter of the altarpiece. The remaining imagery of the altarpiece is then discussed in terms of its general relevance for a fifteenth‐century community of Clarissan nuns and for the particular devotional concerns of the nuns of Santa Petronilla. It is argued that this late fifteenth‐century Sienese altarpiece offers a revealing example of the way in which art commissioned by enclosed orders of female religious within Renaissance Italy could be closely related to their own concerns and priorities. (pp. 433–457)


Cyclosporine-A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressor used successfully to control rejection in organ transplantation. According to the most recent evidence, this drug modifies the lipid metabolism of the patient, provoking a rise in the blood lipids, constituting an important risk factor for acceleration of the atherogenic process. Taking into account that brown adipose tissue (BAT) constitutes the major storage site for cholesterol and triglycerides in the rat, and given the apparent lack of references about the implications of CsA on this tissue in the literature, we proposed to study the possible morphological changes occurring in BAT following the administration of this drug. Two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were set up, the control group and a treated group in which each animal received subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg body weight/day of CsA. After 4, 11, 25 and 34 days of treatment, subgroups of animals were sacrificed and the brown adipose tissue removed was apportioned for subsequent microscopic assessment. The greatest degree of atypia and activity in the BAT was observed after administration of 11 doses of the drug, at which point there was a marked reduction in the cell size with loss of lipidic coalescence. With subsequent doses, the tissue slowly initiated a process of recovery. CsA also induced morphological changes in the BAT that, in the early stages of the study, appeared to be correlated with a lipolytic response of the tissue to the drug; thus, the BAT may be acting as a system to eliminate the excess of lipids in the blood provoked by CsA administration, while toward the end of treatment, there was a certain stability between the drug and the activity of the brown adipose tissue, and a tendency to reach a balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis.


The Research and Development on Window Display for Global Warming Campaign in Department Stores aims to persuade people to conserve nature and environment, and realize the value of environment. The research was inspired by the king speech as to "nature and environment is destroyed by human, we have to protect and preserve nature and environment as the way they were in order to have the same future." It was the beginning of the study. The study began with using the King's speech as a guideline of design mixing with pattern resulting beauty on the theme of Global warming from present disaster, both inside and outside the country through window display exhibitions in order to persuade people to realize about global warming. Second, the researcher collected information through questionnaire concerning attitude and opinion on how to coordinate in preserving environment, reuse and recycle through reducing cost, product material, and waste burning which cause greenhouse effect and environmental disaster. Questionnaire was administered and it was found that most of the respondents were 60% female; 40% married; 55.34% graduated with an undergraduate degree and 28% with master degree. The respondents' perception varied. 26.67% of the respondents saw the window display creative and modern in design, 30% think it was attractive, product and arrival presentation 26.67%, attractive 30%, product and arrival presentation 26.67%, making more interest in global warming propaganda 62%, warming propaganda 62% whereas the most was 30%, display pattern according the global Warming as to love nature and do not destroy it. Environment 40.38% and global warming resulted by human 4.30%. The respondents were most satisfied the window display of the Paragon Department Store 3.91% and the Central 3.83 %, respectively. In addition, it was found that window display pattern as global warming helped people realize the importance of nature. The product display also played important role on image of global warming in the department stores resulting in summer product sale. Window display acted as salesman to persuade customers to buy the products and, thus becomes success of the business department. Marketing was a discipline related to customers need, and then window display could be utilized as a tool to develop environment. Communication arts was an art of communication idea to the audience aiming at arrival product presentation and innovative design through written medias and symbols or physical language whereas commercial art was making knowledge concerning on how to present beautiful foremost products. It was a mixed design of modern business in order to meet with business demand, sale circulation and business success as well. Thus the researcher mixed marketing communication art and commercial art together as an advertising art and was inspired by nature through marking window display presentation as toglobal warming in the department stores. Keywords: Form, Display, Campaign, Global Warming, Department Store.


The first example of an O(2) adduct of an active Co-substituted oxygenase has been observed in the extradiol ring cleavage of the electron-poor substrate 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) by Co(II)-homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (Co-HPCD). Upon O(2) binding to the high-spin Co(II) (S = (3)/(2)) enzyme-substrate complex, an S = (1)/(2) EPR signal exhibiting (59)Co hyperfine splitting (A = 24 G) typical of a low-spin Co(III)-superoxide complex was observed. Both the formation and decay of the new intermediate are very slow in comparison to the analogous steps for turnover of 4NC by native high-spin Fe(II)-HPCD, which is likely to remain high-spin upon O(2) binding. A similar but effectively stable S = (1)/(2) intermediate was formed by the inactive [H200N-Co-HPCD(4NC)] variant. The observations presented shed light on the key roles played by the substrate, the second-sphere His200 residue, and the spin state of the metal center in facilitating O(2) binding and activation.


Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the disease has rapidly become a global threat. The constant emergence of new variants has increased the difficulty of controlling this disease. Vaccination is still considered the most effective method to prevent COVID-19. Vaccination has expanded to include children aged 3–17 years old, and some countries have lowered the age of vaccination to 6 months (for example, the United States). However, children under 3 years old are still not able to be vaccinated in most countries. In this study, we summarize the COVID-19 vaccination status in pregnant women, comprehensively elaborate on the status of maternal immune response and maternal antibody transfer after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination, and further analyze the possible influencing factors of maternal antibody transfer according to the currently available evidence on the topic. It was concluded that pregnant women develop an immune response and produce antibodies that can be transmitted through the placenta after vaccination, but more data are needed to determine the transfer rate and duration of these maternal antibodies and potential factors. The results provide a scientific basis for studying the protective effect of maternal antibodies on infants, formulating a vaccination strategy for pregnant women, and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants.


The polynucleotide phosphorylase of Thermus aquaticus was purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, heparin-Sepharose 4B and DEAE-Sephadex A25. The enzyme was purified 1500-fold and was 90-95% homogeneous as checked by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has a molecular weight of 275 000 and consists of four identical subunits. The Km values for the enzyme as determined in polymerization (ADP, GDP, UDP) and phosphorolytic reactions (poly A, poly U) are in the same concentration range as in the case of the enzyme deriving from mesophilic microorganisms. Furthermore, the enzyme is primer dependent and its activity is lost gradually at temperatures higher than 65 degrees C. In the base ratio of the copolymers followed the input base ratio polymerization reactions with polyUA, while with polyAG and polyUG a marked difference between the initial base ratio and the base composition of copolymers was observed.


The thesis is focused on two major subjects: - Calculation of free energy is of great help in the study of any molecular system. The free energy determines phase behaviour of colloids and polymer solutions. It also controls the conformational properties of single macromolecules, e.g. DNA, proteins, copolymers. One of the most robust computer simulation techniques for free energy estimation is an Expanded Ensemble approach which is used throughout all the present work. Starting with a simple lattice polymer model, we develop and test an iterative procedure that makes the method automatic and accurate. Then we apply it to various polymer systems. The ideas behind a few similar approaches for overcoming rough free energy barriers lead to a non-equilibrium simulation method that yields e.g. the Gibbs free energy profile, G(V)=F(V)+pV. The latter is a direct route to phase diagrams which are invaluable when studying a thermodynamic system. This way we investigate the phase behaviour of constrained polymer systems. - Surface force calculation: another application of the expanded ensemble is to equalize the chemical potential of a polymer solution confined to a planar pore while changing its width. Forces acting along and perpendicular to the surfaces are then obtained by usual means of statistical mechanics and from the thermodynamic relations, the surface free energy in particular. A number of different polymer systems were dealt with in this framework. (Less)


The American School Counseling Association calls for professional school counselors to support the holistic development and success of all students. However, the field of school counseling is riddled with practices that have harmed and dehumanized Black students. For example, school counselors engage in practices (e.g., social–emotional learning and vocational guidance), which work to reinforce white supremacy and dehumanize Black students. Further, school counselors may also contribute to the ways that the basic and unique needs of Black students are overlooked, leading to the continued systemic adultification of Black students. What is needed is a radical imagination of school counseling, which centers on homeplace as the foundation in order to engage in freedom dreaming. In this article, the authors engage this radical imagination to detail an antiracist view of school counseling practice that embraces freedom dreaming and homeplace through healing and Indigenous educational practices, youth-led school counseling, and critical hip-hop practices to promote joy, creativity, power, love, resistance, and liberation.


The cancellous bone in the proximity of the rim of the ICLH femoral cup may not only be subjected to an axial stress that is about three times the value physiologically encountered, but the cup also tends to move transversally away from the medial bone margin in this area. Hence, fracture of the trabecular structure in this area can occur, accompanied by cleavage formation. Across the gap which thus forms between cement and bone, the mating surfaces that are now no longer joined, probably move relative to each other with every subsequent walking cycle. This relative motion leads to bone resorption and the development of a thick intermediate layer of fibrous connective tissue that spreads until eventually the whole cup becomes loosened. In the meantime the bone further proximal probably undergoes atrophy due to mechanical inactivity. This presentation includes a biomechanical analysis which might explain the discouraging observations made in a series of forty-three implantations carried out between 1976 and 1979 in our clinic.