A main problem in autonomous vehicles in general, and in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in particular, is the determination of the attitude angles. A novel method to estimate these angles using off-the-shelf components is presented. This paper introduces an attitude heading reference system (AHRS) based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) using the three-axis attitude determination (TRIAD) algorithm as the observation model. The performance of the method is assessed through simulations and compared to an AHRS based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The paper presents field experiment results using a real fixed-wing UAV. The results show good real-time performance with low computational cost in a microcontroller.


Image denoising is of paramount importance in image processing. In this paper, we propose a new design technique for the design of Double density Discrete Wavelet Transform (DD DWT) AND DD CWT filter bank structure. These filter banks satisfy the perfect reconstruction as well as alias free properties of the DWT. Next, we utilized this filter bank structure in image denoising. Our denoising scheme is based on utilizing the interscale correlation/interscale dependence between wavelet coefficients of a DD DWT of the noisy image. This is known as the Bivariate Shrinkage scheme. More precisely, we update DD DWT of the noisy image at a certain scale, according to their correlations with the next coarser scale. The Maximum Likelihood Estimation are used for this update. Comparisons have been made with classical denoising schemes that threshold the DD DWT coefficient as well as denoising schemes employing Complex Wavelet Transform (CWT) filter banks. Illustrative examples are given to show the superiority of the proposed Bivariate DD DWT technique over current literature techniques.


1. Recent advances in the studies of sex-related differences of drug metabolism in the rat are described. Experiments with novel substrates have provided new insights into the sex differences of drug metabolism. 2. One of each form of cytochrome P-450, P-450-male and P-450-female, from liver microsomes of male and female rats, respectively, were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. 3. These forms of cytochrome P-450 are distinguishable from each other in their catalytic, physical and immunochemical properties. 4. The use of antibodies to the two forms of cytochrome P-450 shows that P-450-male and P-450-female, present in rat-liver microsomes, are dependent on sex hormones. 5. In addition, evidence for the involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in the occurrence of the sex difference has been presented.


The rule of law offers legal certainty, laying down boundaries to the state's playing field. The precautionary approach stipulates that the absence of scientific certainty is no reason not to act to prevent harm. Here, uncertainty frames action. The precautionary approach potentially expands the state's playing field, and this expansion might well undermine the precepts of the rule of law. The certainty‐uncertainty axis exposes a tension between the rule of law and the precautionary approach in what Ulrich Beck has termed the world risk society in second modernity. It is this tension that is the focus of analysis in this article.


Ubiquitin E3 Ligase MARCH7 is involved in T cell proliferation and neuronal development. In our previous study, we demonstrated MARCH7 promoted malignant behavior of ovarian cancer via the nuclear factor (NF)-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the expression and function of MARCH7 in cervical cancer remains unknown. The present study aimed to unravel the expression and function of MARCH7 in cervical cancer to elucidate its potential role in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Results indicated that the expression of MARCH7 was abnormally high in cervical cancer tissues than normal cervical tissues. However, silencing the expression of MARCH7 in HeLa cells resulted in decreased cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MARCH7 interacted with VAV2. Silencing the expression of MARCH7 in HeLa cells inhibited the VAV2-RAC1-CDC42 signaling pathway. Overall, the results of the present study identified MARCH7 as a candidate oncogene in cervical cancer, and a potential target for cervical cancer therapy.


Sigma Quality Levels are statistical indices that can play an important role in establishment of more reliable and robust surgical processes. This article aims to highlight the value of interpreting sigma levels as a modern means of both the efficiency and success rate of nine different type of eye surgery processes involved. Data were compiled from a comprehensive study of multiple sources—all based on medical practices—carried out in a range of eye care hospitals throughout Turkey. It is found that the eye surgery processes in Turkey operates at an average of 3.4816 sigma level. This corresponds to a DPMO of 23,725 and a yield of approximately 97.63% in 7292 surgeries. Thus, Turkish eye care hospitals have to make significant changes to drive to a 6σ level performance.


Abstract The Eurasia Basin petroleum province comprises the younger, eastern half of the Arctic Ocean, including the Cenozoic Eurasia Basin and the outboard part of the continental margin of northern Europe. For the USGS petroleum assessment (CARA), it was divided into four assessment units (AUs): the Lena Prodelta AU, consisting of the deep-marine part of the Lena Delta; the Nansen Basin Margin AU, comprising the passive margin sequence of the Eurasian plate; and the Amundsen Basin and Nansen Basin AUs which encompass the abyssal plains north and south of the Gakkel Ridge spreading centre, respectively. The primary petroleum system thought to be present is sourced in c. 50–44 Ma (Early to Middle Eocene) condensed pelagic deposits that could be widespread in the province. Mean estimates of undiscovered, technically recoverable petroleum resources include <1 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and about 1.4 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of nonassociated gas in Lena Prodelta AU, and <0.4 BBO and 3.4 TCF nonassociated gas in the Nansen Basin Margin AU. The Nansen Basin and Amundsen Basin AUs were not quantitatively assessed because they have less than 10% probability of containing at least one accumulation of 50 MMBOE (million barrels of oil equivalent).


Objectives: SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) e associated multi-system in fl ammatory syndrome in children indicates that viruses can trigger a Kawasaki disease (KD)-like hyperin fl ammation. A plausible hypothesis was that coronavirus-speci fi c ' holes ' in humoral immunity could cause both diseases. Methods: To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 e naïve patients with KD have inferior humoral immunity for the novel coronavirus, sera of children with KD and control children from year 2015 to 2021 were subjected to ELISA, microwestern, and neutralization assays to evaluate the capabilities in recognizing the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, spotting spike proteins of three respiratory syndromic coronaviruses, and blocking SARS-CoV-2 from binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in vitro , respectively. Results: 29 patients with KD before 2019, 74 patients with KD in 2019 or 2020, 54 non-febrile controls, and 24 febrile controls were included in the study. SARS-CoV-2 was recognized on ELISA for both pa- tients with KD in 2016 and those with KD in 2020. Microwestern demonstrated cross-reactive IgG in an all-or-none manner towards three spike proteins of syndromic coronaviruses regardless of sample year or KD status. The ratio between the sera that recognized all spike proteins and those that recognized none (51 vs. 47) was signi fi cantly higher from patients with KD than from non-febrile controls (17 vs. 32; p 0.047) but not from febrile controls (13 vs. 11; p 0.85). Most positive sera (12 of 17 controls, 5 of 8 patients with KD before 2019, and 28 of 33 patients with KD in 2019 or 2020) offered protection com- parable to low-titre sera from the WHO reference panel. Discussion: Humoral immunity of SARS-CoV-2 e naïve children with KD was not inferior to that of con- trols in offering cross-protection against the novel coronavirus. Tzu-Yi Lin, Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; ▪ :1 © 2022 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All reserved.


"Wings of Gold"makes a unique contribution to the history of naval aviation. The book sets out the day-to-day experiences and reactions of a cadet who went through the aviation training program at its peak during World War II. An emphasis on training is missing in almost all books dealing with that conflict; in this book, it is the focus. In contrast with official histories, this is an account of how training"did occur," rather than how it was intended to occur. It chronicles failures as well as successes, frustrations and achievements. Beginning with a comprehensive introduction to the history of naval aviation training, the authors recount the personal experiences of an individual cadet preparing for war, based on wartime letters written by cadet Rea to his family. The letters are open and candid, and they provide an insider s look at the conditions and nature of the Naval Aviation Training Program in the 1940s. Millions of Americans underwent military training during World War II, and contemporary historians and readers have begun to recognize the significance and value of primary sources related not only to combat but also to training and preparedness."


The mode analysis of end-milling was introduced using recursive parametric modeling. Also, a numerical mode analysis of FRF in end-milling at different conditions was performed systematically. In this regard, a REIVM(recursive extended instrumental variable method) modeling algorithm was adopted and natural modes of real and imaginary part were discussed. This recursive approach can be used for the on-line system identification and monitoring of an end-milling for this purpose. For acquiring a cutting force, an experimental practice was performed. And these end-milling forces were used for the calculation of FRF(Frequency response function) and its mode analysis. Also, the FRF was analysed for the prediction of end-milling system. As a results, this algorithm was successful in each condition for the detection of natural modes of end-milling. After numerical analysis of the FRF, the tooth passing frequency was discriminated in their FRF, power spectrum and mode calculation.


In the course of an investigation on the mechanism of reabsorption of the intraocular fluid 1 it was found that the ciliary body shows an irreciprocal permeability to water, allowing fluid to pass with ease from the ciliary capillaries to the posterior chamber but obstructing the passage of fluid in the reverse direction. Phenomena of this type have been demonstrated in many other tissues. 2 Hitherto, however, no adequate physical explanation of such phenomena has been suggested. The present investigation was undertaken with the aim of discovering, if possible, the character and mechanism of the irreciprocal permeability of the ciliary body. In brief outline, it was first discovered that the ciliary body shows an irreciprocal permeability to certain dyestuffs as well as to water and that the behavior of the dyes indicates that an electrical phenomenon is involved. This led us to an investigation of the source of


A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) setup was developed to detect lead and other toxic contaminants such as chromium in paint emulsion samples manufactured in Saudi Arabia. The lead concentration detected in these samples was in the 327.2–755.3 ppm range, which is much higher than the safe permissible limit set by Saudi regulatory agencies. Similarly, chromium concentration (98.1–149.5 ppm) was found in high concentrations as well. The results obtained with our LIBS setup are comparable with the sample analysis utilizing a standard technique such as ICP, and our LIBS results are comparable to ICP with in an accuracy limit of 2–4 %.


SUMMARY: The morphological and physiological characteristics of an amylolytic rumen bacterium are described. The organism is an obligate anaerobic coccus which occurs in extremely long chains and exhibits marked pleomorphism. It is considered best placed in the genus Peptostreptococcus. The physiological characteristics and numbers in which the organism occurs suggest an important role in the rumen, especially under the conditions imposed by high-starch feeding.


Drawing on chaos and complexity theories, we apply the concept of "strategy as simple rules" to analyze the success of one rural health clinic. We document how such rules may emerge as success is viewed retrospectively. We describe four simple rules that emerged in this setting and explicate how our case analysis may assist other rural providers.


The human cytomegalovirus promoter (hCMV) is susceptible to gene silencing in CHO cells, most likely due to epigenetic events, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. The core CpG island element (IE) from the hamster adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene has been shown to prevent DNA methylation. A set of modified hCMV promoters was developed by inserting one or two copies of IE in either forward or reverse orientations either upstream of the hCMV enhancer, between the enhancer and core promoter (CP), or downstream of the CP. The modified hCMV with one copy of IE inserted between the enhancer and core promoter in reverse orientation (MR1) was most effective at enhancing expression stability without compromising expression level when compared with the wild‐type (WT) hCMV. A third of 18 EGFP expressing clones generated using MR1 retained 70% of their starting expression level after 8 weeks of culture in the absence of selection pressure, while none of 18 WT hCMV generated clones had expression above 50%. MR1 also improved antibody expression stability of methotrexate (MTX) amplified CHO cell lines. Stably transfected pools generated using MR1 maintained 62% of their original monoclonal antibody titer after 8 weeks of culture in the absence of MTX, compared to only 37% for WT hCMV pools. Low levels of CpG methylation within both WT hCMV and MR1 were observed in all the analyzed cell lines and the methylation levels did not correlate to the expression stability, suggesting IE enhances expression stability by other mechanisms other than preventing methylation. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:523–534, 2014


Parents experiencing psychosis can face challenges in addition to those usually associated with being a parent, with their children at increased risk of negative outcomes. Although a strong evidence base has shown that family interventions for psychosis (FIp) can mitigate distress for adult relatives, techniques described in the systemic and parenting literature to facilitate the inclusion of children in family therapy are largely absent from the FIp literature and training. This study used a three- round Delphi survey to investigate what experienced FIp clinicians consider to be best practice regarding the inclusion of children in parental FIp. Findings demonstrated support for including children, with high levels of consensus regarding methods of facilitating their involvement, as well as organisational factors that would support this. The results have important clinical implications given that many FIp practitioners work with families, following brief psychosis specific training, without exposure to the broader literature.


The aim of this thesis is to investigate the present land and preservation policies in preservation and rehabilitation in China and to propose new methods of management for the historic urban districts and villages by answering the question "how to balance the benefits of different stakeholders and encourage them in preservation by policy changing and economic tools application". The author chose Shanghai as the urban level case and Hongcun, Anhui Province as the rural level case to study the issue under the national urbanization and tourism trends. The thesis first outlines the current urbanization and historic heritage survival under the trend and further research in the current land policy and preservation policy and what role the non-profit organization is by applying flexible economic tools and policies. In a detailed central section the thesis describes the particular Lilong Housing's situation in Shanghai, compares the existing two rehabilitation cases – Xintiandi and Tianzifang through the development methods, and research the tourism development mode in Hongcun. In conclusion, the thesis argues and recommends a public-private partnership mode could be the new preservation management method.


Since the release of BWAPI in 2009, StarCraft has taken the position as the leading platform for research in artificial intelligence in real-time strategy games. With competitions being held annually at AIIDE and CIG, there is much prestige in having an agent compete and do well. This thesis is aimed at presenting a model for doing opponent modeling and strategic reasoning in StarCraft. We present a method for constructing a model based on strategies, on the form of build orders, learned from expert demonstrations. This model is aimed at recognizing the strategy of the opponent and selecting a strategy that is capable of countering the recognized strategy. The method puts weight on the ordering and timing of buildings in order to do advanced recognition.


It has generally been concluded that two divalent cations are required for enolase activity, even though the enzyme is a homodimer that specifically binds four metal ions in the presence of substrate. This paper reports a reinvestigation of the stoichiometry of enolase activation. Specific ion electrode measurements of Mg2+ binding in the presence and absence of substrate are compared with stopped-flow measurements of the velocity of 2-phosphoglycerate dehydration. It is concluded that the enzyme is inactive when only two metal-binding sites are filled and that four sites must be populated with Mg2+ for full activity. An ordered binding mechanism is proposed that quantitatively predicts the activation of enolase by the four Mg2+ ions from their measured dissociation constants and the Michaelis constant for the dehydration reaction. To explain the loss of enzymatic activity at still higher metal concentrations, the binding of additional, inhibitory Mg2+ ions is postulated.


Online Laboratory Research (OLR) has progressed beyond its stages of infancy and has unfolded into a respected domain of multi- and cross-disciplinary study. A sizable and dedicated community of researchers has formed. So far, however, few accounts exist which sufficiently analyze the profile of the online laboratory research community. The contribution of this paper is to define a framework for describing this profile, giving detailed accounts of the core researcher community and naming the most prolific researchers, determining their disciplinary backgrounds. The study also identifies and quantifies the preferred publishing outlets, distinguishing between core journals and core conferences, on the one hand, and non-core sites, on the other hand. This study has the potential of advancing the understanding of the emerging structure and profile of the academic domain of OLR and helps re-searchers identify adequate publishing outlets for their domain-related research.


Can an order for a preliminary reference to the Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court), made by a lower instance national court, be subject to an appeal to a higher instance national court? To date, the Court has not been sufficiently clear on an answer to this exact question. The Court's Cartesio judgment mandated that national law could not permit a higher instance national court from varying an order for reference, setting aside an order for reference, or ordering the resumption of national proceedings whilst awaiting the return of the preliminary reference. However, the Court did not say that appeals against an order for reference, more generally, were incompatible, per se, with Union law. This article contends that such breadth given to higher instance national courts is contrary to the intent of Article 267 TFEU, which aims to ensure effective judicial dialogue between all national courts and the Court, uninterrupted by national law and practice. This article makes the case for ending this regime of undue deference to national procedural autonomy on this question, which is problematic in circumstances where the rule of law and judicial independence in all Member States cannot be assumed.
National courts, Court of Justice of the European Union, Preliminary reference procedure, national procedural autonomy, Appeals, Appellate courts


Galactoglucomannan synthesized by CSLA2 and MAGT1 has a patterned structure that may influence the mode of binding to cellulose fibrils. The interaction between mannan polysaccharides and cellulose microfibrils contributes to cell wall properties in some vascular plants, but the molecular arrangement of mannan in the cell wall and the nature of the molecular bonding between mannan and cellulose remain unknown. Previous studies have shown that mannan is important in maintaining Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed mucilage architecture, and that Cellulose Synthase-Like A2 (CSLA2) synthesizes a glucomannan backbone, which Mannan α-Galactosyl Transferase1 (MAGT1/GlycosylTransferase-Like6/Mucilage Related10) might decorate with single α-Gal branches. Here, we investigated the ratio and sequence of Man and Glc and the arrangement of Gal residues in Arabidopsis mucilage mannan using enzyme sequential digestion, carbohydrate gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. We found that seed mucilage galactoglucomannan has a backbone consisting of the repeating disaccharide [4)-β-Glc-(1,4)-β-Man-(1,], and most of the Man residues in the backbone are substituted by single α-1,6-Gal. CSLA2 is responsible for the synthesis of this patterned glucomannan backbone and MAGT1 catalyses the addition of α-Gal. In vitro activity assays revealed that MAGT1 transferred α-Gal from UDP-Gal only to Man residues within the CSLA2 patterned glucomannan backbone acceptor. These results indicate that CSLAs and galactosyltransferases are able to make precisely defined galactoglucomannan structures. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested this patterned galactoglucomannan is able to bind stably to some hydrophilic faces and to hydrophobic faces of cellulose microfibrils. A specialization of the biosynthetic machinery to make galactoglucomannan with a patterned structure may therefore regulate the mode of binding of this hemicellulose to cellulose fibrils.


: The research on harsh parenting has developed into an important area during the past twenty years, due to its negative impact on children's physical and mental health. Harsh parenting is evoked by various individual and environmental factors. The former mainly refers to parents' hostile personality, lower cognitive capacity, experiences of being harshly disciplined themselves, as well as children's difficult temperament and genetic vulnerability. The latter mainly includes familial economic hardship and neighborhood disadvantages. Children exposed to harsh parenting are at risk for a number of negative developmental outcomes, like externalizing and internalizing problems, lower interpersonal competence, and physiological/neural disturbances, etc. This literature review calls for more studies to explore new influencing factors such as disadvantaged family backgrounds and to examine the manifestations and negative effects of harsh parenting. It is also expected to have new studies to strengthen indigenous research for improving its prevention and intervention.


The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) pathway plays a critical role in cell growth, survival and angiogenesis, and has been demonstrated to correlate with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), also known as preoperative therapy, is now well established in the treatment of inoperable locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancer. In vitro study has shown that mTOR inhibitors, together with cytotoxic agents, exhibit tumor cell killing activity. A number of non-randomized studies in HER2-positive trastuzumab-resistant metastatic breast cancer have revealed the antitumor activity of mTOR inhibitors when used together with standard chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. In the present study, the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 were analyzed in breast cancer patients prior to and following NAC, to determine whether p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 affect the response to NAC and the subsequent survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues representing matched pairs of core biopsy (pre-NAC) and surgical specimen (post-NAC) from 83 patients with invasive ductal carcinomas were collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 using a semi-quantitative scoring system by two pathologists. It was found that the expression of p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 was downregulated following NAC. The decrease in mTOR expression following NAC was found to positively correlate with HER2 expression and the reduction of tumor sizes. The high expression of p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1 in pre-NAC specimens was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, the high expression of p-mTOR in post-NAC specimens was associated with poor DFS, regardless of whether the expression was high or low in the pre-NAC specimens. In conclusion, NAC was found to decrease the expression levels of p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1. The p-mTOR expression post-NAC may potentially serve as a predictor for DFS. However, further study is required to clarify the mechanism and to evaluate the predictive value of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway in NAC.


The author examines the main characteristic features of degree programmes in Cultural studies taught at Irish universities. The results indicate that the content and research methodology of most analysed programmes are more similar to Ukrainian Culturology courses than to classical Cultural studies. Of particular interest are international and inter-university projects with a comparative analysis of different cultures, as well as innovative interdisciplinary programmes of practical value that have no direct correspondence in the practice of teaching Culturology. In the author's opinion, the idea of replacing Culturology with "more progressive" Cultural studies is unfounded. Coordinating curricula in Culturology with European standards of higher education does not mean giving up national achievements and identity.


A conventional weir typically consists of an impermeable body constructed of concrete, since its primary functions are to heading up water and efficiently regulate flow. However, an impermeable body prevents the longitudinal movement of aquatic life and transportation of physical and chemical substances in water, eventually having a negative impact on the water environment. One of the advantages of gabions as a building material is that the motion of individual stones comprising the gabion is not of much concern. The wire mesh of the gabion basket serves to restrain any significant movement. Also, gabion weirs offer an alternative design that could be adopted for flash flood mitigation. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments was performed in order to investigate the flow over gabion weirs. For this purpose, two different gabion weir models were tested in two horizontal laboratory flumes of 10-m and 17-m length, 0.3-m width, and 0.3- and 0.5-m depth, respectively, for a wide range of discharge, upstream water depth, downstream water depth, weir height, weir length, and gabion filling gravel material size. The results of the gabion weir were compared with those of experiments carried out on solid weirs having the same dimension and it was found that there is a large deviation when the solid weirs equation is applied to gabion weirs (permeable weirs). So, using one of the existing solid weir flow formulas would lead to an erroneous calculated value. Multiple regression equations based on the dimensional analysis theory were developed for computing the discharge over gabion weirs for both free and submerged flow regimes. Also, equations were introduced for computing the discharge coefficient to be applied with the traditional solid weir equation.


The Price equation partitions the change in the expected value of a population measure. The first component describes the partial change caused by altered frequencies. The second component describes the partial change caused by altered measurements. In biology, frequency changes often associate with the direct effect of natural selection. Measure changes reflect processes during transmission that alter trait values. More broadly, the two components describe the direct forces that change population composition and the altered frame of reference that changes measured values. The classic Price equation is limited to population statistics that can expressed as the expected value of a measure. Many statistics cannot be expressed as expected values, such as the harmonic mean and the family of rescaled diversity measures. We generalize the Price equation to any population statistic that can be expressed as a function of frequencies and measurements. We obtain the generalized partition between the direct forces that cause frequency change and the altered frame of reference that changes measurements.


The initial pulmonary vasodilation that occurs during nitric oxide (. NO) inhalation does not appear to be maintained chronically in many cases. . NO may acutely relax vascular smooth muscle by increasing levels of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while decreasing levels of lipid peroxidation. It was hypothesized that the acute . NO-induced changes in cGMP, TNF-alpha, iNOS, and lipid peroxidation, all of which may mediate vasodilation, are transient rather than sustained. Lungs from rats kept in chambers containing 6 parts/million . NO for 1 h, 1 day, or 1 wk were analyzed for levels of . NO-induced vasodilatory mediators. Pulmonary cGMP, iNOS mRNA, and TNF-alpha were increased 1 h after . NO exposure but decreased to control values at later times. Levels of malonyl dialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were decreased at all times during . NO inhalation. As a whole, the data suggest that in lungs the vasodilatory mediators cGMP, iNOS, and TNF-alpha are only acutely and transiently elevated during inhalation of . NO, consistent with the initially positive clinical response to inhaled . NO that deteriorates over time.


The article poses the ontological primacy of human dignity above its formulation concerning human rights. To defend this, the author analyzes the transcendental dimensions of human dignity, establishing the difference with the qualities of it proposed by some other authors, and from which human rights are derived in their actual four generations. The dimensions that are analyzed are: rationality, sentiments and emotions as the result from the interaction between the human being and his world, communication and human dialogue as well as sociability. After this, the article mentions the human rights that derived from the above mentioned dimensions and it is defended thy recognition as the basis for human rights' recognition as well.


INTRODUCTION
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis. The first symptoms of IgAN are erytrocyturia or hematuria, proteinuria, and decline in renal function, or any combination of the above. One of the promising diagnostic methods is urine proteomics.

OBJECTIVES
We studied urine proteomics in patients with IgAN and age- and sex‑matched healthy controls. To minimize the risk of protein degradation, we proposed a new protocol for urine collection and preparation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 30 patients with IgAN and 30 controls were enrolled into the study. Thirty urine samples of the IgAN group were divided into 3 disease pooled samples (DPS I, II, and III) and 30 urine samples of the control group were divided into 3 control pooled samples (CPS I, II, and III). We used isoelectric focusing/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (IEF/LC‑MS/MS) to detect all proteins larger than 10 kDa.

RESULTS
Using qualitative analysis, we identified 761, 951, and 956 proteins in each of the 3 IEF/LC‑MS/MS experiments. The results were combined, yielding a dataset with 1238 proteins identified by at least 2 peptides. The statistical analysis of the quantitative results revealed 18 proteins that were differently populated in the urine of IgAN patients compared with healthy controls. We found increased urinary concentrations of complement components, coagulation factors, extracellular matrix, intracellular, transmembrane, and other proteins in patients with IgAN. Some of them have never been linked to IgAN before.

CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that urine proteomics is a promising tool for diagnosing and monitoring patients with IgAN.


Studying competition and market structure at the product level instead of brand level can provide firms with insights on cannibalization and product line optimization. However, it is computationally challenging to analyze product-level competition for the millions of products available on e-commerce platforms. We introduce Product2Vec, a method based on the representation learning algorithm Word2Vec, to study product-level competition, when the number of products is large. The proposed model takes shopping baskets as inputs and, for every product, generates a low-dimensional embedding that preserves important product information. In order for the product embeddings to be useful for firm strategic decision making, we leverage economic theories and causal inference to propose two modifications to Word2Vec. First of all, we create two measures, complementarity and exchangeability, that allow us to determine whether product pairs are complements or substitutes. Second, we combine these vectors with random utility-based choice models to forecast demand. To accurately estimate price elasticities, i.e., how demand responds to changes in price, we modify Word2Vec by removing the influence of price from the product vectors. We show that, compared with state-of-the-art models, our approach is faster, and can produce more accurate demand forecasts and price elasticities.


Spread of Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) in a heavily infested citrus area in Southern Valencia (Spain) has been monitored since 1981. Two adjacent plots with 400 trees each were selected and tested yearly by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). One of them was planted to 4-yr-old Newhall navel orange on Troyer citrange and the other to 8-yr-old Marsh seedless grapefruit on the same rootstock. Both had been established using virus-free budwood. In 1981, 98.7% of the Newhall navel plants indexed CTV-positive and by 1984 all of them were infected, whereas only 17.8% of the Marsh grapefruit indexed CTV-positive in 1981, and 42.5% were infected in 1986. This is an indication that grapefruit is less susceptible than navel orange to tristeza infection under the Spanish field conditions. Wild plants of 66 species collected in the same heavily tristeza-infested area were also tested by ELISA to find a possible alternate non-citrus host. CTV was not found in any of the more than 450 plants analyzed. Index words. virus spread, ELISA, noncitrus hosts. Tristeza was first detected in Spain in 1957 and since then has caused the death of about 10 million trees grafted on sour orange and the progressive decline of an additional several thousand hectares of citrus on this rootstock. The disease was initially observed at the Ribera Alta area (Southern Valencia), but new foci, probably originating through uncontrolled movement of infected budwood, successively appeared in other spots. At present, tristeza can be found with variable incidence in most of the citrus areas (2). Three aphid species (Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis citricola Van der Goot and Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe)) have enabled transmission of CTV in Spain, with variable efficiency depending on virus isolate and vector species (4). These aphids, particularly A. gossypii and A. citricola, are thought to be responsible for natural spread of tristeza (4) from the new foci established through infected budwood. Decline of trees in tristeza-infested orchards has been occurring at a variable rate depending on years and citrus areas (6). Nevertheless, no data on the actual rate of virus spread under field conditions in Spain are available. In 1981 several plots were selected in different citrus areas to monitor virus diffusion under various environmental conditions. In this paper we present data on CTV spread in a heavily infested area. A survey among wild plants growing in the same citrus area was also undertaken to search for some noncitrus natural hosts of CTV. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 1981, two adjacent plots with 400 trees each were selected at El Realengo, a citrus farm located a t the Ribera Alta (Southern Valencia). This farm is within the area where tristeza was first detected. One of them was planted to 4-yr-old Newhall navel orange on Troyer citrange and the other to &yr-old Marsh seedless grapefruit on the same rootstock. Both of them had been established using virus-free budwood. Tristeza spread was monitored by yearly indexing all trees by ELISA. Each tree was sampled taking two young shoots of the last flush from opposite sides of the tree. Shoots were trimmed, the clippings placed into plastic tubes and homogenized in ca. 10 volumes of an extraction buffer using a Polytron Kinematics homogenizer. Extracts were tested by a standard ELISA double antibody sandwich procedure (1 , l l ) using CTV antisera (879 or R4, kindly provided Tenth ZOCV Conference by Dr. S. M. Garnsey and Dr. D. J. Gumpf, respectively) or monoclonal antibodies specific to CTV obtained as described elsewhere (11, 12). The rate of CTV increase was analyzed using the expressions Ln (XI 1-x) or Ln (111-x) (lo), where x is the per unit incidence of the disease at a given time. Tristeza incidence around the experimental plots was estimated by random sampling and testing by ELISA 2.5% of the citrus trees grown within a band 150 m wide around the plots (120 trees in each case). CTV incidence in citrus plantings of different age or scion-rootstock combination was also estimated separately. Wild plants of a number of species growing around the experimental plots were also sampled and tested by ELISA in the same conditions as citrus trees. In some cases, extracts of wild plants were also examined by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) as described by Garnsey et al. (3).


Broadcasting is an essential operation for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks to perform routing path discovery, and it has become the predominant technology for message dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). In the reactive routing schemes of wireless ad hoc network, Routing Request (RREQ) packets are broadcast from the source, and once received the destination traces back the broadcasting path to build an on-demand route. In VANETs, different broadcasting schemes have been proposed for safety, comfort, and commercial applications. However, broadcasting usually generates a lot of redundant messages which would cause excessive channel contention and packet collisions, especially when the density of the network becomes higher. In this survey article, we first introduce the most common data dissemination techniques used in wireless ad hoc networks. After that, we discuss techniques that have been proposed to mitigate the broadcast storm problem. Finally, we introduce an effective model for analyzing the broadcasting schemes, and based on the model we propose an adaptively adjusted probabilistic scheme that highly improves the reliability of broadcasting in dense ad hoc networks.


High-stakes testing combined with the notion that indoor and outdoor spontaneous play are a "waste of time" have contributed to the condition known as "play deprivation". This paper defines the term play deprivation and explores its negative effects on children and adults. Negative effects resulting from play deprivation include an increase in violent crimes, decreases in brain and muscle fiber development, and reduction in communication, problem-solving, and social skills. Further evidence of play deprivation exists indicating children are at greater risk for aggressive behaviors and an increased risk of obesity. Play deprivation of other species also indicate the same negative effects. Other factors contributing to play deprivation include inadequate and unsafe outdoor spaces and equipment, organized sports, technology, prescribed routines, litigation, violent/abusive childhood, and play elimination in curriculum. A survey of 68 kindergartens was conducted using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised (ECERS-R) to determine the amount of "Free Play" children experienced in their daily routines. Results of this survey indicated almost half of the kindergartens surveyed scored 4 or below and are engaged in free play far less than recommended by the ECERS-R. Although the number of studies addressing play deprivation is limited, the results are significant. Further studies and recommendations for interventions and preventions are identified.


A propos de : Elizabeth Hinton, From The War On Poverty To The War On Crime : The Making Of Mass Incarceration in America, Harvard University Press


The concrete lining of a tunnel constructed by NATM used to be regarded as facing material which does not support any load from the surrounding ground. But the recent appraisal of the decrepit tunnels revealed that rockbolts and shotcrete deteriorate with time resulting in loss of supporting capability. Consequently, concrete lining has to support part of the load which used to be supported by rockbolts and shotcrete, and thus should be regarded as the final supporting structure in a tunnel. One of the common, and perhaps the most serious problem in concrete lining is the longitudinal cracks taking place at the tunnel crown. The longitudinal cracks, mostly related to the construction procedures, can be developed by many reasons such as the lack of thickness, wrong materials, bad curing environment, and excessive external forces. Many efforts has been made to control and suppress these cracks but efficient and economic way is yet to be found. For efficient crack control in concrete lining, reinforcement by composite fibers, which is the mixture of steel fiber and nylon fiber, is suggested in this study.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of placental cord drainage on the duration of third stage labor, and to clarify the safety of this method regarding to postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta, incidence of manual removal of placenta, and the need for blood transfusion.

DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
One hundred women in the third stage of labour after vaginal delivery were randomized. In the study group, placental cord drainage was performed. In both groups, the placenta was delivered by Brandt Andrew method. One case of placenta succenturiata was subsequently excluded. The duration of third stage was compared as the primary outcome. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, retained placenta, manual removal of placenta, and the need for blood transfusion were compared.

RESULTS
In 99 cases with normal placentas, 49 cases were assigned to the study group, 50 cases were assigned to the control group. The third stage of labor was significantly shorter after placental cord drainage (5.1 +/- 2.4 minutes vs. 7.0 +/- 6.1 minutes). There was no postpartum hemorrhage, uterine atony, hypovolemic shock, or the need for blood transfusion in neither groups.

CONCLUSION
Placental cord drainage shortens the duration of third stage labour. This method appears to be safe and does not increase postpartum complication.


This article draws on interview material to examine the recent hardening of attitudes towards infidelity. The visibility and apparent frequency of both consensual non-monogamy, as well as more common covert experiences, would suggest a challenge to dominant mononormative assumptions about the feasibility of lifelong monogamy. However, infidelity remains the lone area of adult sexual practice that is disapproved of under any circumstances. I argue that increasing hostility towards affairs is located in the discursive context of the 'specialness' of sex and the centrality of trust and communication to constructions of contemporary relationships. With the monogamous sexual couple at the centre of personal life, infidelity is regarded as a particular threat, revealing wider limitations to claims about the extent to which relationships have been detraditionalized.


This article focuses on Malachi's distinctive claims that guarantee a well-ordered community, namely the validity and feasibility of a Torah -compliant community. Since Torah compliance is a fundamental core of Israel's life, in the book of Malachi, Yahweh's Torah functions as the reliable and invariable authority for the community well-being as a whole. Community well-being as pictured by Malachi is created not only by Yahweh but also as the consequent contemplation and action of community. Malachi notes clearly that it is the sins of the community as a whole that renders it inconceivable that Yahweh's blessings should attend to them as they are now, and Malachi demands certain definite and substantial actions as preconditions to the manifestation of the desired expectations. To him the secret of creating and maintaining a healthy, viable community and living as people in covenant relationship with Yahweh, is by 'remembering' (upholding and practicing) Yahweh's Torah . Accordingly, Malachi enjoined his audience to remember the Torah of Moses, which constitutes the fundamental dimensions of their relationship with Yahweh. This article is thus an attempt to understand Malachi's concept of a Torah -compliant community and its associated blessings of happiness and shalom.


Following an application from Han-Asiabiotech GmbH, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Germany, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to Symbiosal® and lowering of blood pressure and reduced risk of hypertension. The Panel considers that the food, Symbiosal®, which is the subject of the health claim, and the food, table salt, which Symbiosal® should replace, are sufficiently characterised. Lowering of blood pressure is a beneficial physiological effect for people who want to lower their blood pressure. Increased blood pressure is a risk factor for hypertension. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that one human study with methodological limitations showed a decrease in blood pressure when Symbiosal® was consumed instead of table salt for eight weeks in the context of a salt-restricted diet, but that no other human studies in which these results have been replicated were provided, that the animal studies did not support the results of the human study and that no evidence was provided for a mechanism by which the food could exert the claimed effect. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of Symbiosal® instead of table salt and lowering of blood pressure.


Abstract This paper reports on the construction of a governance index for Fiji Islands for the period 1985 to 2003. The governance index has three core dimensions, each a composite of several indicators. Time series for each of the three dimensions of governance, as well as for the overall governance index, are presented in a range from zero (poorest achievement) to 1.0 (best achievement). The indices indicate that Fiji's governance performance was very adversely affected by the coups of 1987 and 2000, with the Rule of Law dimension being the most adversely affected. The index constructed provides a basis from which to monitor future governance performance.


Objective: A subset of children with ADHD experience more frequent, sudden, and intense shifts toward negative emotions. The current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to provide a valid assessment of the impact of comorbid internalizing and externalizing disorders on negative emotional lability (EL) among children with ADHD. Method: Parents of 58, 8- to 12-year-old children with ADHD were administered a diagnostic interview to assess for ADHD and for the presence of comorbid disorders. Parents completed EMA-based ratings of their child's negative emotions three times daily for a total of 28 days. Results: Children with a comorbid internalizing disorder or children with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) experienced significantly greater EMA-derived negative EL than children without comorbid disorders over time. Children with multiple comorbidities experienced greater EL than children with single comorbidities. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggested that both comorbid ODD and comorbid internalizing disorders contribute to negative EL among children with ADHD.


This paper measures the gross stock of capital of cultivators and tractors in Japanese agriculture during the period from 1975 to 2000, with special focus on the quality changes. The physical stock value method is applied, taking the quality difference of the stock produced in various years into account. First, the physical stock is broken down by the year produced. Second, the quality adjustment index is calculated for each year. Third, the quality-adjusted physical stock is calculated by using the broken-down physical stock and the quality adjustment index. Last, the gross stock of capital is calculated as the product of the price and the quality-adjusted physical stock. This paper also estimates the gross capital formation and the durable period. Conventional gross capital stock and gross capital formation, which leave quality changes out of consideration, are also measured. The results of measurement show that the gross capital stock of cultivators and tractors in Japanese agriculture with quality changes has grown more rapidly than that of conventional estimation.


[1] We have developed, validated, and applied a synthetic method to monitor the off-equatorial eastward currents in the central tropical Atlantic. This method combines high-density expendable bathythermograph (XBT) temperature data along the AX08 transect with altimetric sea level anomalies (SLAs) to estimate dynamic height fields from which the mean properties of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) and the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC), and their variability can be estimated on seasonal to interannual timescales. On seasonal to interannual timescales, the synthetic method is well suited for reconstructions of the NECC variability, reproduces the variability of the NEUC with considerable skill, and less efficiently describes variations of the SEUC, which is located in a region of low SLA variability. A positive correlation is found between interannual variations of the NECC transport and two indices based on an interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and southeasterly wind stress in the central tropical Atlantic. The NEUC is correlated on interannual timescales with SSTs and meridional wind stress in the Gulf of Guinea and zonal equatorial wind stress. This study shows that both altimetry and XBT data can be effectively combined for near-real-time inference of the dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the tropical Atlantic current system.


Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a key role in many biogeochemical processes, but the drivers controlling the diversity of chemical composition and properties of DOM molecules (chemodiversity) in soils are poorly understood. It has also been debated whether environmental conditions or intrinsic molecular properties control the accumulation and persistence of DOM due to the complexity of both molecular composition of DOM and interactions between DOM and surrounding environments. In this study, soil DOM samples were extracted from 33 soils collected from different regions of China, and we investigated the effects of climate and soil properties on the chemodiversity of DOM across different regions of China, employing a combination of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, optical spectroscopy, and statistical analyses. Our results indicated that, despite the heterogeneity of soil samples and complex influencing factors, aridity and clay can account for the majority of the variations of DOM chemical composition. The finding implied that DOM chemodiversity is an ecosystem property closely related to the environment, and can be used in developing large-scale soil biogeochemistry models for predicting C cycling in soils.


Guided by the cognitive theory of stress and coping and the comprehensive health‐seeking and coping paradigm, this study examines associations among intimate partner abuse and psychological distress, posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood sexual abuse, and current drug use among a cohort of 416 women randomly recruited from New York City methadone treatment programs. Findings expand on past evidence of the high prevalence of psychological distress among adult victimized women and among those with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Women currently abused by their partners have more posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and psychological distress than women not abused by their partners.


PID(Proportional, Integral, Derivative) controller is the most popular process controllers in nuclear power plants. The optimized parameter setting of the process controller contributes to the stable operation and the efficiency of the operating nuclear power plants. PID parameter setting is tuned when new process control systems are installed or current process control systems are changed. When the nuclear plant is shut down, a lot of PID tuning methods such as the Trial and Error method, Ultimate Oscillation method operation, Ziegler-Nichols method, frequency method are used to tune the PID values. But inadequate PID parameter setting can be the cause of the unstable process of the operating nuclear power plant. Therefore the results of PID parameter setting should be simulated, optimized and finally verified. This paper introduces the simulation method of PID tuning to optimize the PID parameter setting and confirms them of the actual PID controller in the operating nuclear power plants. The simulation method provides the accurate process modeling and optimized PID parameter setting of the multi-loop control process in particular.


We prepared ZnO nanowires with a controlled reaction in an asymmetrical tube, the nanowire is composed with aligned ZnO QDs packing in the same crystal axis. An anomalous giant oscillator strength was observed in the absorption spectra of the nanowire sol at room temperature. This sol shows stimulated emission at the excitation of a CW He-Cd laser up to an excitation power of more than one hundred.


In this paper we review some group theoretic techniques applied to discretizations of PDEs. Inspired by the recent years active research in Lie group- and exponential-time integrators for differential equations, we will in the first part of the paper present algorithms for computing matrix exponentials based on Fourier transforms on finite groups. As an example, we consider spherically symmetric PDEs, where the discretization preserves the 120 symmetries of the icosahedral group. This motivates the study of spectral element discretizations based on triangular subdivisions. In the second part of the paper, we introduce novel applications of multivariate non-separable Chebyshev polynomials in the construction of spectral element bases on triangular and simplicial sub-domains. These generalized Chebyshev polynomials are intimately connected to the theory of root systems and Weyl groups (used in the classification of semi-simple Lie algebras), and these polynomials share most of the remarkable properties of the classical Chebyshev polynomials, such as near-optimal Lebesgue constants for the interpolation error, the existence of FFT-based algorithms for computing interpolants and pseudo-spectral differentiation and existence of Gaussian integration rules. The two parts of the paper can be read independently.


Thin films of metalloporphyrins have been used as sensing materials for the development of optical sensors devoted to the detection of different volatile organic compounds (VOC). Absorption spectra of thin films showed remarkable changes after interactions with analytes. The development of a measurement set-up is discussed and the results obtained in the context of VOC's detection are reported.


MOTIVATION
Bistability is one of the salient dynamical features in various all-or-none kinds of decision-making processes. The presence of bistability in a cell signalling network plays a key role in input-output (I/O) relation. Our study is aiming to capture and emphasise the role of motif structure influencing the I/O relation between two nodes in the context of bistability. Here, a model-based analysis is made to investigate the critical conditions responsible for the emergence of different bistable protein-protein interaction (PPI) motifs and their possible applications to find the potential drug targets.

RESULTS
The global sensitivity analysis is used to identify sensitive parameters and their role in maintaining the bistability. Additionally, the bistable switching through hysteresis is explored to develop an understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the cell signalling processes, when significant motifs exhibiting bistability have emerged. Further, we elaborate the application of the results by the implication of the emerged PPI motifs to identify potential drug-targets in three cancer networks, which is validated with existing databases. The influence of stochastic perturbations that could hinder desired functionality of any signalling networks is also described here.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


Using discursive data from Indonesia, this paper discusses a semiotic configuration we refer
to as "scalar shifters" (Goebel, Cole, & Manns, 2016) and how we see these shifters as
linking different chronotopes from different communicative events. Drawing upon Agha
(2007), we think of chronotopes as relationships between sign constellations that have
become socially valued through imitation in authorized one-to-many participation
frameworks (e.g. schools and the mass media). We also see chronotopic relations as
involving the use of and recognition of a sign from one chronotope in another communicative
event and the subsequent reconfiguration of this sign and the chronotope that it invokes. In
this sense, chronotopes are always "under construction". Our concept of "scalar shifter"
builds upon discussions of scale, shifters, tokens and types, processes of register formation,
while offering some more empirical meat to these discussions. We define scalar shifters as
signs used and recognized in communicative activity that organize units and unitizations of
scale while also function to identifying relevant participant frameworks with respect to
timespace, and/or size.


This research study, aimed to unveil pre-service teachers' beliefs about English teaching strategies, inquired about the origin of those beliefs, and also the effect that Didactics and Teaching Practicum courses had on their reconstruction and evolution. The instruments used in this qualitative, exploratory and descriptive case study were the students' language learning histories, interviews, students' reflection journals, teaching portfolios and classroom observations. The findings showed the initial student-teachers' beliefs about language teaching and learning and their transformation as they went through the teacher education program. Likewise, they showed their renewed teaching philosophies about pedagogical processes in language teaching. Finally, it was also evidenced the way they viewed their students as main actors in the process of learning, and themselves as agents of change whose improvement and professional growth was mediated by ongoing reflection.


Many endothelial cell (EC) functions depend on influx of extracellular Ca2+, which is triggered by a variety of mechanical and chemical signals. Here, we discuss possible pathways for this Ca2+ entry. The superfamily of cation channels derived from the "transient receptor potential" (TRP) channels is introduced. Several members of this family are expressed in ECs, and they provide pathways for Ca2+ entry. All TRP subfamilies may contribute to the Ca2+ entry channels or to the regulation of Ca2+ entry in EC. Members of Ca2+ entry channels in endothelium probably belong to the canonical TRP subfamily, TRPC. All TRPC1-6 have been discussed as Ca2+ entry channels that might be store-operated and/or receptor-operated. More importantly, knockout models of TRPC4 have proven that this channel is functionally involved in the regulation of endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation and in the control of EC barrier function. TRPC1 might be an important candidate for involvement of endothelial growth factors. TRPC3 is unequivocally important for a sustained EC Ca2+ entry. ECs express different patterns of TRPCs, which may increase the variability of TRPC channel function by formation of different multiheteromers. Among the two other TRP subfamilies, TRPMV and TRPM, at least TRPV4 and TRPM4 are EC channels. TRPV4 is a Ca2+ entry channel that is activated by an increase in cell volume, which might be involved in mechano-sensing, by an increase in temperature, and perhaps by ligand-activation. TRPM4 is a nonselective cation channel, which is not Ca2+ permeable. It is probably modulated by NO and might be essential for regulating the inward driving force for Ca2+ entry. Possible modes of TRP channel regulation are described, involving (a) activation via the phospholipase (PL)Cbeta and PLC-gamma pathways; (b) activation by lipids (diacylglycerol [DAG], arachidonic acid); (c) Ca2+ depletion of Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum; (d) shear stress; and (e) radicals.


Background: Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumours in adults with two main histological subtypes: astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. Translocator protein (TSPO) is a pro-inflammatory molecule over-expressed predominantly in activated microglia under pathological conditions. In astrocytoma samples, TSPO has also been found to be up-regulated and correlated with the malignancy of the tumours. [11C]-(R)PK11195 is a selective radioligand for the TSPO widely applied in clinical PET studies. We used [11C]-(R)PK11195 PET to investigate in vivo cerebral TSPO expression and microglial activation in patients with gliomas of different histological subtypes and grades.Methods: 24 glioma patients and 10 healthy volunteers underwent volumetric MRI and dynamic [11C]-(R)PK11195 PET scans. Tissue time-activity curves (TACs) were extracted from tumour regions and normal grey and white matter of the brains. Parametric maps of binding potential (BPND) were generated with the simplified reference tissue model. Co-registered MRI/PET was used to guide tumour biopsies. Tumour tissue was quantitatively assessed for TSPO expression and microglial infiltration by immunohistochemistry. Results: Three types of tumour TAC were observed in gliomas (grey matter-like kinetics, white matter-like kinetics and mixed kinetics), which differed between low-grade astrocytomas and low-grade oligodendrogliomas but were independent of the tumour grade. [11C]-(R)PK11195 BPND also differed between the two subtypes of low-grade gliomas, and low-grade gliomas demonstrated lower BPND than high-grade gliomas. 4 cases of high-grade glioma with minor or no contrast enhancement on MRI showed pronounced [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that expression of TSPO correlated with [11C]-(R)PK11195 BPND of the tumour. It was related mainly to expression by neoplastic cells while the contribution from tumour-infiltrating microglia was minimal. When compared with control subjects, increased [11C]-(R)PK11195 BPND was found in patients? normal appearing cerebral structures, being more prominent in the tumour-bearing than the tumour-free hemisphere. This extra-tumoral [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding was correlated with the duration of epileptic seizures, the symptom shared by the majority of our patients.Conclusions: Gliomas show differences in [11C]-(R)PK11195 kinetics and binding that are related to histological subtype and grade. Neoplastic cells rather than activated microglia are the main cellular sources expressing TSPO and determine the [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding within the tumours. [11C]-(R)PK11195 PET has the potential to detect malignant transformation of non-enhancing gliomas and facilitate the targeting of more aggressive areas in tumour biopsy. The high extra-tumoral [11C]-(R)PK11195 binding indicates widespread microglial activation in otherwise normal appearing cerebral structures of glioma patients. It is associated with epilepsy and could open up novel therapeutic perspectives for seizure control in this patient population.


As new standards for students are taking effect, large disparities continue to exist in the educational opportunities available to rich and poor students in most states. These disparities are especially pronounced in California, where thousands of students attend school in dilapidated buildings, without textbooks, materials, or qualified teachers. This article focuses on inequalities in children's access to qualified teachers, documenting the disproportionate assignment of untrained and uncredentialed teachers to students in high-minority, low-income schools and the effects that large concentrations of such teachers have on students' opportunities to learn. Given the importance of teacher expertise to student achievement, and the existence of new standards to which students are held accountable, these inequalities threaten students' basic rights to an education. The article outlines the legal rationale for insisting on access to qualified teachers for all students, analyzes the reasons for the current shortfalls in California, and proposes a set of remedies based on research and policy outcomes elsewhere.


Additional index words. seed storage, photoinhibition, light intensity Abstract. Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae)) is used in many African countries as a food crop and is also in demand for industrial purposes. The fruit pulp has high vitamin C levels and the nuts have a high protein and oil content. The fruit pulp is commercially used in the production of an alcoholic beverage (Amarula Cream) and the oil is gaining importance in the cosmetic industry. Although attempts are being made to domesticate this high-value indigenous tree, there is very limited information available on aspects of seed germination. Our study investigated the role of light, temperature, cold stratification, and after-ripening on seed germination of S. birrea. Temperatures between 25 and 35 8C favored germination of opercula-removed seeds under continuous dark conditions. White light completely inhibited seed germination with the inhibitory effect being reversed when seeds were transferred to dark conditions. This photoinhibitory effect on opercula-removed seeds was lost after 12 months of seed storage at room temperature in the dark. Cold stratification (5 8C) of intact seeds for 14 days significantly improved germination (65%) as compared with nonstratified seeds (32%). Pregermination treatments (acid scarifica- tion, boiling water, dry heat, soaking, and plant growth regulators) of S. birrea seeds did not promote germination. Seeds of S. birrea can be considered orthodox because they tolerated desiccation without significant loss of viability. Both intact and opercula- removed seeds readily imbibe water suggesting physiological rather than physical dormancy. The highest germination percentage was recorded under constant dark conditions at 25 8C for opercula-removed seeds exposed to an after-ripening period of 12 months. This study indicates that after-ripening, light conditions, and cold stratification are critical factors for germination of S. birrea seeds.


The usages of mobile devices are drastically increasing every day with high end support to the users. The high end configurations mobile devices such as smart phones, laptops, tablets, etc., computations are complex in these devices. Computation intensive and data intensive are plays a vital role in the mobile devices. The main challenges in the mobile devices are handling the mobile applications in the devices with high computation and high storage. The above mentioned challenges can be overcome by using mobile cloud computing. The limitations while handling the mobile cloud computing is offloading decision making, which part of computation should offload and which should execute in the mobile side. The proposed work provides the solution to the limitations and challenges mentioned earlier by providing agent based offloading decision maker for mobile cloud. The decision maker should decide which computation part is executed in the mobile side and the cloud side. The evaluation shows the mobile applications having high complexity get benefited over other high applications. The proposed system achieves the better response time, low latency, cost-effective and minimizes the energy consumed by data-intensive and computational-intensive mobile applications.


The development of unmanned machining systems has been a recent focus of manufacturing research. The conventional milling machine removes metal with a revolving cutting tool called a milling cutter. For this, CNC machines are in use. CNC machine operates on part program. This program includes several G-codes and Mcodes. This program is generated by skilled operators. This may cause error in geometry. Also increases labor cost. Thus new technology of milling operation is conceptualized to reduce these problems using CAD/CAM. In this, firstly part design is created in CAD software like CATIA, ProE etc. This part design is fed in CAM software. Accordingly, coordinates forms. Also program is generated. According to that program, cutting tool operates to produce required part.


My proposed PhD thesis investigates contemporary perceptions of 'mana wahine Māori', both at home in Āotearoa (New Zealand), and in Australia diasporas. By taking into consideration that identity and culture are transformative and ongoing processes, the research seeks to understand how wāhine Māori (Māori women) in the Australian context are transforming their mana wahine Māori, while further adding to the evolving mana wahine Māori paradigm. The theories already informing mana wahine Māori will be scoped in this research, creating a clear picture of the shape and form of mana wahine Māori in Āotearoa. Fundamental principles will then be revealed to articulate the transformations emerging in Australia. The proposed research will glean some of the challenges, compromises, and potential contradictions to tikanga Māori for wāhine Māori. They will be reflected upon to better understand the social realities in changed social contexts. Three target groups of wāhine Māori will be interviewed; those who have chosen to stay in Āotearoa, those who have resided in Australia and have returned home, and those wāhine Māori who are residents in Australia. It is hypothesised that mana wahine Māori continues to exhibit resiliency, strength, and adaptability, drawn from many realms in 'te āo Māori' (the Māori world), to continue to be robust in whatever social realities they are faced with in the Australian context.


OBJECTIVE
To review the clinical features and the treatment of segmental bronchi foreign bodies cases.

METHODS
Rigid bronchoscope and endoscope were applied to all 8 cases under general anesthesia. The foreign bodies shape and position were well evaluated under direct view, and the metal ones were located with X ray.

RESULTS
Generally, the foreign bodies in segmental bronchi are small size and have a long history, the symptoms are non typical and may be accompanied with recurrent lung infection and haemoptysis. The foreign bodies were successfully removed in 6 patients with bronchoscopy, and the foreign bodies in other 2 cases were removed with thoracotomy. No complications occurred in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS
For the segmental bronchi foreign body cases, the non typical history should be well reviewed and a detailed investigation should he performed. Suitable surgical instruments should be well selected so to get higher success rate and effectively prevent potential compilations.


Plants are considered an important feedstock for cellulose, although algae
can be used as a reservoir for the extraction of cellulose in its pure form. Cellulose nanofiber extracted
from plant and algae gains more attention among researchers due to their size in the nano range,
low cost for preparation, higher surface area available for tuning, outstanding mechanical properties
and eco-friendly nature. However, the quality of nanofiber depends on the extraction procedure and
feedstock used for their extraction. Furthermore, the extracted nanofiber from lignocellulosic biomass
is not compatible with liquid and polymeric matrices due to less amount of functional groups
present on their surface. Therefore, it is urged to comprehend the explicit protocol required for the
extraction of highly resourceful nanofibers from specific lignocellulosic biomass and surface tuning
strategy, which can augment their application in various fields. The present review targets to understand
the various polysaccharides, lignin and production of cellulose nanofibers in an economical &
efficient way with special attention on its implementation in environmental applications to mitigate
the toxic pollutants from our surroundings.

Research articles related to the cellulose types, feedstocks, physico-chemical features, various
extraction and conversion techniques, functionalization methods, and applications on mitigating
environmental pollution were collected and reviewed. This review article comprises sections which
present various cellulose and nanocellulose types, feedstocks, followed by their extraction, characterization
and applications in mitigation of environmental issues such as heavy metal contaminations.

Studies highlighted in the article detailed types of extraction protocols, so far developed and
strategies applied to improve the salient properties of nanofibers for specific applications are enlightened.

The functionalized or modified cellulose and nanocellulose have gained significant attention
attributed to their unique characteristics, physico-chemical characteristics and efficiency in
recovery of environmental pollutants. Thus, further exploitation of such natural resources in mitigation
of various environmental issues and other related applications are to be maximized.


A CMOS differential amplifier cell for minimum supply requirements is presented. The solution uses transistors in strong inversion and an original biasing scheme that exploits the bulk terminals of the transistor pair to accurately set the quiescent current and provide common-mode control. As a result, we avoid the use of the tail current source adopted in traditional differential stages. An implementation based on an auxiliary switched-capacitor network used in the feedback control loop is proposed and theoretically examined. Measurements on a prototype fabricated in a standard 0.35- mum technology (with threshold voltages around 0.5 V) and powered with 1.2 V show an error in the bias current of about 15% with respect to the expected value. It was found that the obtained overall performance is comparable to that of a traditional long-tailed differential pair that uses a higher supply of 1.5 V.


Introduction . Currently, more than 600 thousand people a year are affected by malignant tumors on the territory of the Russian Federation. Despite the large selection of antitumor drugs and the variety of mechanisms of their action, the effectiveness of existing drugs continues to be insufficient. The main disadvantages of most antitumor drugs are the emergence of tolerance to them of tumor cells, a limited range of action and high toxicity. In this regard, the creation of effective original domestic antitumor drugs still remains relevant. Among the numerous natural and synthetic heterocyclic compounds that exhibit antitumor activity, indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives that can initiate various pathways of tumor cell death are of increasing interest. The main targets for their action are topoisomerases and protein kinases, which play an important role in the processes of replication, transcription, repair or recombination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Due to this, in addition to antitumor activity, this group of compounds shows antibacterial, аntiprotozoal and immunomodulatory activity, which makes them a very promising class of candidates for the creation of new drugs. Text . The purpose of this review is to discuss instrumental methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives used in the world's leading pharmacopoeias. These methods can be used both in pharmacokinetic studies, and in the standardization of these compounds, in the form of pharmaceutical substances, or as part of drug forms. Conclusion . To further introduce a new group of antitumor drugs based on indole[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives into medical practice, a deep and thorough study of their physical and chemical properties is necessary. Justification and development of analysis methods allow us to develop methods applicable to pharmacokinetic studies, as well as to create regulatory documents for quality control and standardization of indolo[2,3-a] carbazole derivatives as pharmaceutical substances. A study of the literature that describes methods for analyzing indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives indicates that spectrometric (infrared and ultraviolet spectrometry) and chromatographic (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography) methods are most often used to determine the authenticity and quantitative analysis of these compounds.


The purpose of this study is to examine the disruption-adaptation associated with knowledge management (KM) of entrepreneurial multitasking of top strategy and tactics executive (TSTE) succession in positions responsible for both S and T. This provides insight into KM and firm performance during turbulent periods.,The study examines investor's opinions of human capital in the context of managerial succession. The data was based on 900 publicly available appointment announcements between 2006–2014, allowing for the examination of 459 observations of succession in 51 industries.,The findings indicate that the relationship between KM of entrepreneurial multitasking and firm performance was more positive for high innovation firms than for low innovation firms. As well, the relationship between investors' opinions of a top executive manager's human capital and firm performance is more positive for small firms than for large firms and more positive for high innovation firms than for low innovation firms.,The study contributes to the literature by systematically examining the announced appointment of executives in one context where KM of entrepreneurial multitasking is prevalent – across marketing strategy and sales tactics (hereafter, S and T) responsibilities – for multiple firms listed at major US stock exchanges across a wide range of industries, using lagged performance data to discern performance outcomes. It highlights important issues related to organizational structure and human capital for firm performance and KM in dynamic environments. Further research could examine the impact on firm performance of a change in structure – from a joint sales and tactics position to a sales or tactics position and vice versa. By studying the impact of change to and from an intertwined position, future scholars can determine the level of risk stemming from coordination uncertainty changes with time.,Of practical relevance, the study shows that vesting dual responsibility for S and T in one executive during managerial succession may not be as universally valuable or adaptive as previously thought. One practical extension of this research may also be that larger firms that are more likely to have clearly defined silos may find that such vesting of multitasking responsibility not as valuable. High innovation and small firms may gain from new executives' multitasking responsibility for S and T. Thus, firms should think twice before vesting S and T responsibilities with one incoming executive during the leadership change.,Responsibility for both S and T compounds ambiguous accountability, frequently leaving the locus of customer-related problems unclear, and therefore unsolved.,Extant research has overlooked the relationship between the top management team's (TMT) abilities to multitask firm performance over time across contexts of external and internal change, operationalized as firm innovation and firm size. Nor have studies explored the firm performance implications of external stakeholders' opinions of such human capital across these contexts. A novel measure of executive-specific human capital – abnormal returns generated the appointment announcement, is introduced. Understanding the capability of a top executive to simultaneously multitask both S and T responsibilities is a critical component of KM; also relevant are investors' opinions of their human capital, a particular oversight given the challenge of the "great transformational leader" with servant leadership theory (Carayannis et al., 2017; Gregory Stone et al., 2004).


Quasi-2D magnetophotonic crystals (MPCs) comprising bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet/silicon dioxide multilayers were fabricated on top of 1D structured substrates and evaluated. Optical and magneto-optical (MO) spectra showed that light coupling to the structure of these MPCs happened in multiple Bragg diffraction regimes, where a mixing of modes with resonant wavelengths occurred within MPCs and a demultiplexing phenomenon was observed. Responses from the crystals were studied in transmission and diffraction geometries. We show that nano-scale tailoring of MPCs' structure allows one to increase significantly the MO efficiency of magnetic materials and invert their natural MO responses.


We present progress in fast, high-resolution imaging, material classification, and fault detection using hyperspectral X-ray measurements. Classical X-ray CT approaches rely on data from many projection angles, resulting in long acquisition and reconstruction times. Additionally, conventional CT cannot distinguish between materials with similar densities. However, in additive manufacturing, the majority of materials used are known a priori. This knowledge allows to vastly reduce the data collected and increase the accuracy of fault detection. In this context, we propose an imaging method for non-destructive testing of materials based on the combination of spectral X-ray CT and discrete tomography. We explore the use of spectral X-ray attenuation models and measurements to recover the characteristic functions of materials in heterogeneous media with piece-wise uniform composition. We show by means of numerical simulation that using spectral measurements from a small number of angles, our approach can alleviate the typical deterioration of spatial resolution and the appearance of streaking artifacts.


We report the real-time response of Escherichia coli to lactoferricin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on length scales bridging microscopic cell sizes to nanoscopic lipid packing using millisecond time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Coupling a multiscale scattering data analysis to biophysical assays for peptide partitioning revealed that the AMPs rapidly permeabilize the cytosolic membrane within less than 3 s—much faster than previously considered. Final intracellular AMP concentrations of ∼80–100 mM suggest an efficient obstruction of physiologically important processes as the primary cause of bacterial killing. On the other hand, damage of the cell envelope and leakage occurred also at sublethal peptide concentrations, thus emerging as a collateral effect of AMP activity that does not kill the bacteria. This implies that the impairment of the membrane barrier is a necessary but not sufficient condition for microbial killing by lactoferricins. The most efficient AMP studied exceeds others in both speed of permeabilizing membranes and lowest intracellular peptide concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth.


&NA; The philosophical underpinnings of transformative education were utilized to redesign a course taught to special education majors and nursing students at a rural southeastern university. The main goal when restructuring the class was to develop a course that would encourage communication and collaboration between education and nursing majors within the school community. The current course, "Health Care Perspectives of Exceptional Students," focuses on specific health care topics, with nurse faculty presenting the health care aspects and education faculty discussing educational implications for the classroom teacher. Every class includes dialogue and activities that require interaction. The last two classes are devoted to first‐aid training and CPR certification. During the evaluation phase of the course, both education and nursing majors responded positively to the question of whether or not medically fragile children belong in the classroom. Furthermore, they saw the need for communication and collaboration between the classroom teacher and the school nurse as essential for effectively serving the medically fragile child in the school setting.


Studies have shown that nectar-feeding birds more easily learn to avoid a previously rewarding location (to win-shift) than to return to such a location (to win-stay). This pattern has been interpreted as evidence of an evolved adaptation to the fact that nectar is a depleting resource; however, such a conclusion requires ruling out the possibility that this tendency is a consequence of the experience of individual birds, and is more compelling if performance in the memory task reveals sensitivity to detailed features of the spatiotemporal distribution of nectar in the environment. We tested the tendency of captive-reared Regent honeyeaters, Xanthomyza phrygia, a species of nectar-feeding bird, to win-shift or win-stay at different intervisit intervals. The birds generally avoided rewarding locations after a short retention interval (10 min), but returned to these locations after a long retention interval (3 h). This behaviour tracks the replenishment rate of the flowers exploited by this species in the wild, even though the subjects were born and reared in captivity.


The clinical aspects as well as the pathology, microbiology and serology of a natural Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (BRSV) infection of bovine in a herd of 600 beef cattle kept under extensive management in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. Clinically two animals had chronic cough and severe dyspnea when forced to mild physical exercise. These two animals were euthanatized and post-morten examination was performed. The macroscopic changes were of pulmonary origin, such as disseminated alveolar emphysema, focal atelectasis and marked interlobular septal thickening. The fluorescent antibody test on lung cryostat sections was positive to BRSV for both animals, and it was negative to PI-3 virus, BVDV and BHV. The BRSV was isolated from the lung of one of the animals on MDBK, and was also identified by fluorescent antibody test. No association with Chlamydia psittaci was found by ELISA performed on lung tissues. The histopathology showed syncytial cells, chronic emphysema, peribronchiolar muscle layer hypertrophy and squamous metaplasia of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia. The serology to detect antibodies to BRSV resulted in 79% of positives from the first specimen collection. In this group of young animals some of them had a cough. The second samples collected 6 months later were from animals of different age groups resulting in 17.3% of positives. This is the first report on clinical BRSV infection in Brazil.


We introduce a sequential estimator for continuous time dynamic discrete choice models (single-agent models and games) by adapting the nested pseudo likelihood (NPL) estimator of Aguirregabiria and Mira (2002, 2007), developed for discrete time models with discrete time data, to the continuous time case with data sampled either discretely (i.e., uniformly-spaced snapshot data) or continuously. We establish conditions for consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator, a local convergence condition, and, for single agent models, a zero Jacobian property assuring local convergence. We carry out a series of Monte Carlo experiments using an entry-exit game with five heterogeneous firms to confirm the large-sample properties and demonstrate finite-sample bias reduction via iteration. In our simulations we show that the convergence issues documented for the NPL estimator in discrete time models are less likely to affect comparable continuous-time models. We also show that there can be large bias in economically-relevant parameters, such as the competitive effect and entry cost, from estimating a misspecified discrete time model when in fact the data generating process is a continuous time model.


Geosynthetics provide an important option to improve track support stabilization and thereby reduce the track maintenance costs and operation costs due to train delays. In railroad construction, geosynthetics may be installed within or beneath the ballast or subballast layers. In this present study, model tests were performed on model tracks laid at 1:3 scale to the prototype with adequate thickness of subballast layer and placed on soft subgrade soils. Model tracks were adequately instrumented to record induced stresses and displacements in the track. Model tracks were reinforced with geogrid or geotextile or both at suitable interfaces. Track condition after a heavy rainfall was simulated. In this present study, three dimensional finite element analyses of geosynthetic reinforced railway track sections have been carried out using MIDAS/GTS 2013 and compared with unreinforced sections. The result shows that the reinforcement can be used to improve the performance of railway tracks on clayey subgrade.


In the framework of this study, the difference of legislative conception regarding the offence of rape in the Penal Law of Romania and the Republic of Moldova is examined: in the Romanian Penal Law, rape involves the idea of sexual intercourse, of any nature, with a person of the same or different gender – a collocation whose meaning we traditionally found in the Moldovan law; in contrast, in the Moldovan Penal Law the notion of rape concludes with the idea of normal sexual intercourse (from the physiological viewpoint) between people of different gender. The conclusion that, prospectively, it is rather rational to enact an enlarged rape concept in art.171 of the Penal Code of the Republic of Moldova is reached. As praxis will serve art.218 of the Romanian Penal Law (Law nr.286/2009), art.222-23 of the French Penal Code, art.242 of the Dutch Penal Code, lett.a) par.(1) art.71.8 of the Australian Penal Code, par.1 §192 of the Norwegian Penal Code etc. To give instances, in the case of par.(1) art.171 of the Penal Code of the Republic of Moldova, it is recommended to define the notion of rape as sexual intercourse of any type, involving penetration, committed through the coercion of the person or by taking advantage of his/her impossibility of defence or of will expression. It is pointed out that, by defining the notion of rape in such a manner, the abrogation of art.172 "Violent actions of sexual character" and art.173 "Coercion to actions with sexual character" of the Penal Code of the Republic of Moldova will be conditioned. The untimeliness of the abrogation of art.173 of the Penal Code of the Republic of Moldova being accompanied by the incrimination of the deed of sexual harassment is argued. With regard to the actualities from the Republic of Moldova (unlike the other countries), the establishment of the penal responsibility for sexual harassment will mean nothing but an example of excessive incrimination.


Background and purpose BoneMaster (BM) is a thin electrochemically applied hydroxyapatite (HA) implant coating marketed with expectations of improved osseointegration properties but less polyethylene (PE) wear. We compared the midterm cup migration and PE wear of cementless porous-coated hemispherical cups with and without BM. Patients and methods In this patient-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 53 patients with a mean age of 64 years (55–75) received total hip arthroplasty with a porouscoated (P) or porous and BoneMaster (PBM) coated Exceed cup and ArCom E1 infused PE. Patients were followed with RSA, Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), and Euro-Qol-5-3L (EQ-5D) at 3 and 6 months, and 1-, 2-, and 5-year follow-up. Results At 5-year follow-up, total translation and maximum total point motion was 0.28 mm (95% CI 0.08; 0.47) and 0.52 mm (CI 0.12; 0.93) higher in the PBM group than in the P group. PE wear was comparable between PBM and P cups, and 2D wear rate from 1 year follow-up to last follow-up was 0.03 mm (CI 0.02–0.03). The 5-year anterior translation was 0.05 mm (CI –0.10 to 0.21) in the normal BMD group and 0.40 mm (CI 0.22–0.57) in the osteopenia group. Interpretation At 5-year follow-up, Exceed cups in the PBM group migrated more than in the P group but the PE wear rate was low and similar. This study does not indicate any advantage of additional BoneMaster coating compared with porous coating alone on cementless hemispherical cups with regards to migration, polyethylene wear, and clinical outcomes.


example that children and homosexuals cannot mourn because they have not achieved the Oedipal stage of development, and thatmourningisawhollyintrapsychic process. He implies that Kohut was the first psycho analytic theorist to understand the ongoing interplay between the intrapsychic and the interpersonal, and that he himself is among the first to discover the relevance of this to the mourning process. In conclusion, the descriptive chapters of this book are useful as such, and his emphasis on what he calls the "¿ self-object environment―is valid. But the book as a whole is rather indigestible, and too culture bound and misleading in terms of the history of ideas to be of general interest.


The problems of TCP packet reordering and random loss over wireless networks have motivated the development of a number of TCP variants. However, most of these variants focus on resolving only one of the aforementioned two problems. A few unified solutions for both problems generally extend beyond the scope of the transport layer. In this paper, we propose a new TCP variant, known as TCP for non-congestion loss (TCPNCL), to tackle both problems under one compact framework. Different from previous unified solutions, the modifications are limited to sender-side TCP only, thereby facilitating possible future wide deployment. A retransmission decision timer and a congestion response decision timer have been installed to trigger packet retransmission and congestion response, respectively. Our simulation studies reveal that TCP-NCL is robust against packet reordering as well as random packet loss while maintaining responsiveness against situations with purely congestive loss.


Summary Both fowl plague and Newcastle disease viruses failed to produce interferon in chick-embryo cells because of the inhibitory effect of infection on host-cell protein synthesis. When this inhibitory effect was destroyed by ultraviolet irradiation or by hydroxylamine inactivation, interferon was formed. No virus RNA synthesis could be detected in the interferon-producing cells and it was concluded that the virus single-stranded RNA was the stimulus for interferon formation.


Metastatic tumors involving the spermatic cord are very rare, and the prognosis for such patients is poor. The primary tumors that are frequently metastatic to the spermatic cord are gastric and colon carcinomas. We report a case of a 35-year-old male with a metastatic spermatic cord tumor following a palliative anterior resection for sigmoid colon cancer with peritoneal seeding. The patient complained of a tender mass in a right inguinal lesion. A right orchiectomy was performed, and the pathologic finding was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma similar to that of the sigmoid colon cancer.


Marie Antoinete has been romanticized as the matyred queen and vilified as the Austrian whose extravagance and foreign sympathies fired the French Revolution. She has also been admired as the personnification of the 18th-century style: in retreat from the stifling protocol of the French court and in pursuit of her own personal tastes, she created her own personal domain,cultivating a new royal style that was the epitome of elegance. This work turns aside from the official portraits and the great historical events to rediscover the private places and objects that reveal Marie Antoinette's personality. Photograhs reveal in detail the apartments and gardens at Rambouillet, Versailles and Fontainebleau - designed and furnished by the most gifted artisans and craftsmen, among them the cabinet-makers Riesner and Sene and the archeitect Mique.