In the wake of the Mexican Revolution, citizens in many parts of Mexico experienced turbulent and uncertain times. This book tells the story of how the people of the Sierra Norte de Puebla emerged from those traumatic years and came to terms with the many challenges facing them in the decade that followed. It also examines the phenomenon of caciquismo in the postrevolutionary period as seen in the career of one powerful individual. Gabriel Barrios Cabrera, leader of the Brigada Serrana, rose from rural obscurity in the tiny village of Cuacuila to a position of unprecedented military strength during the Revolution, and throughout the 1920s he and his brother Demetrio came to enjoy the confidence of the nation's presidents. This work provides an in-depth look at how a local political boss held on to power. Keith Brewster reveals how the story of the Sierra is inextricably linked to that of the Barrios Cabrera family, and he investigates the ways in which this interconnection developed. Brewster argues that Barrios owed his long prominence to his sensitivity to the region's culture, but also shows that the extent of his power was exaggerated by both contemporaries and historians. Barrios was able to develop a working relationship with the federal government by endorsing its objectives and convincing them of his own indispensability, but his authority depended on the weakness of the federal government and on infighting within the Puebla state government; once both governments stabilized, Barrios quickly lost his grip on power. Masterfully blending archival sources and oral history, Brewster captures life in the Sierra during the 1920s and examines the decision-making processes that determined how communities responded to new pressures, such as requests for soldiers or support for development projects. He shows that subaltern groups were able to shape and even resist state reforms, mustering evidence that the Sierra's indigenous communities drove hard bargains over issues affecting their everyday lives. Although many communities used Barrios as an intermediary, Brewster reveals that they did not universally accept his legitimacy but simply used his connections to pursue their own local agendas. Brewster depicts the Sierra de Puebla of the 1920s as a scene of shifting balances of power where political, economic, social, and ethnic factors combined to produce the temporary ascendancy of different interest groups beyond and within the region. His study forces us to question assumptions about how power was exercised at the local and regional levels in postrevolutionary Mexico and will be of lasting interest to all concerned with the dynamics of caciquismo and the evolution of the Mexican political system.


The former German Democratic Republic (GDR) was generally regarded as the most economically developed and politically stable country of Eastern Europe. While I was often struck by the tragedies of the GDR during my Fulbright Lectureship at Humboldt University in 1988-1989, I also felt that it had a tremendous potential if it could somehow achieve a genuine socialist democracy. Despite the enthusiasm of many GDR citizens for developments in the Soviet Union, particularly glasnost, the Socialist Unity Party (SED) elites systematically tried to suppress their impact. Many East Germans asked, "Where is our Gorbachev?" and looked forward to the day when a more youthful, reform-minded leadership would work for socialism with a human face. While many GDR citizens expressed their dissent by retreating into a private world, others whom I met hoped for and struggled to create a socialist society. None of them expected that the GDR would move toward reunification with the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) about a year later, although many hoped the Wall would be dismantled.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Recent days, Energy consumption is becoming an issue in android devices. Android is an open code which is easily understandable and handle by the users to get and use new kind of properties and applications on their handsets. Many studies focused on energy lifetime prediction, but the models are not capable of light weight devices. This paper was designed to improve the quality of user experience (QoE) and energy efficiency of wireless broadcast receivers. The energy is saved in the user terminals using Time Slicing approach. Time Slicing allows discontinuous reception at the User Equipment's (UEs), thereby facilitating the UE to turn-off the radio when not receiving data bursts and hence saving energy. Time slicing reduces the energy consumption and increase Quality of Experience (QoE). Joint optimization is achieved by grouping the users based on their device capabilities and estimated channel conditions experienced by them and adaptive content to these groups. This optimization is a game theoretic approach which performs energy saving versus reception quality trade-off, and obtains optimum video encoding rates of the different users. This consumption is a function of the proportion of users in a cell with different capabilities, which in turn determines the time slicing proportions for different video content layers for maximized energy saving of low-end users, while maximizing the quality of reception of the high-end users. The optimized layered coding rate is coupled with the receiver groups SNRs, an adaptation of the MCS for transmission of different layers; ensure higher numbers of users are served while also improving user's average reception quality. Thorough testing has shown how the proposed consumption solution supports better performance for multimedia broadcast over wireless in comparison with the existing techniques. The peak energy drainer of mobile and tablet devices are the transmitter like Bluetooth or GPS and Wi-Fi radios. The service of android device includes display brightness, streaming video, signal weakness, playing games, background data, GPS & location services. The proposed system implements the service of streaming video, in which video coder and time slicing approaches are used for reducing the life of energy. The proposed has higher efficiency in improving the life of energy than the existing technique.


This paper explores factors that either motivate or constrain national judges' participation in the preliminary ruling procedure. By incorporating insights and evidence from American judicial politics literature and drawing from three models of judicial decision making: the attitudinal model, the team model, and the resource management model, it places the study of judicial behaviour with respect to the preliminary ruling procedure on more rigorous theoretical grounds. The paper is based on survey results conducted among 415 national judges from two new EU Member States: Slovenia and Croatia. In line with the theoretical predictions, the results show that the decision to make a referral to the CJEU is determined by several individual- and court-level factors. These are the position that a court occupies in a national judicial hierarchy, the judicial workload and availability of resources, and judges' knowledge and experiences with respect to EU law and Article 267 TFEU proceedings.
Keywords: CJEU, preliminary ruling procedure, judicial behaviour, team model.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution − Non-Commercial − No Derivatives 4.0 International License.

Suggested citation: M Glavina, 'To Refer or Not to Refer, that is the (Preliminary) Question: Exploring Factors which Influence the Participation of National Judges in the Preliminary Ruling Procedure' (forthcoming in 2020) 16 CYELP.


In this paper we will address some topics related to the right dislocation (RD) phenomenon, based on evidence from Catalan. First, we will analyze contextual and semantic restrictions on the antecedent of RD. On contextual restrictions, it will be proposed that the properties suggested in former research that RD antecedents must fulfill regarding accessibility (local, non-local, or inferable) exhaust all possibilities, and hence there is no restriction on the accessibility of the antecedent. On the semantic side, we will check out two possible relations (monotonicity and bridging) between the RD constituent and its antecedent. Next, we try to address the interpretative role of RD, where emphasis will be introduced as a general property of all RD. And finally, it will be argued that in a focus-final language, a non-final focus is emphatic.


In the past we developed a method for the fabrication of neural electrodes based on laser-structuring metal foil to form tracks and electrode sites within a silicone rubber substrate. Here, this process was refined by an additional coating of the laser-patterned metal tracks to improve their mechanical properties. Parylene C has been found to be the coating material of choice due to excellent electrical and mechanical characteristics and its well known biocompatibility. An almost ten times increased tensile strength compared to uncoated tracks could be achieved. Investigating the electrical properties of parylene C and silicone rubber attested both materials excellent insulating capabilities by withstanding voltages of more than 400 VDC for layer thicknesses as intended to be used in electrode array fabrication (some 10 μm). This paper outlines the feasibility of the manufacturing process using a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the nanosecond pulse regime. However, an improvement of the whole processing was demonstrated when a 355 nm Nd:YVO4 laser in the picosecond regime is used. Benefits of this short pulse duration range from ablating materials independent of their optical properties to increased manufacturing speed and superior processing quality.


In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate Ocimum bascilium mucilage coprocessed with Mannitol as a novel super disintegrant. Coprocessed excipients were prepared by solvent evaporation method and evaluated in the formulation of mouth dissolving tablets of Terbutaline sulphate. Formulated mouth dissolving tablets were characterised for physicochemical parameters like hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, drug content and in vitro drug release behaviour. The outcomes of physicochemical evaluation of formulations showed that all developed formulations had desirable features. The coprocessed mucilage (Mannitol: Mucilage) exhibited disintegration within 8 sec at the concentration of 1 gm: 65 mg as compared to the coprocessed Mannitol: SSG which disintegrated within 11 sec at the concentration of 1 gm: 85 mg. The developed excipient showed improvement in parent excipient functionalities and proving coprocessed mucilage of Ocimum bascilium to be an excellent novel super disintegrant in mouth dissolving formulation and thus it can be exploited commercially.


This policy brief looks at policy options that can facilitate Africa's convergence, catching up and leapfrogging using industrial policy instruments in the post-Great Recession period. During 1990-1999 the development policies recommendations shifted from the state to the market, from import substitutions to outward-oriented policies, from price controls to 'getting the price right'. 1 Africa had withstood both the Y2K and the subsequent dotcom bust. The upward movement in commodity prices during 2001-2007 was accompanied by massive capital inflows into the continent. The capital inflows continued after the crisis, chasing growth and better yields in Africa as a result of the Great Recession in the developed world. The capital inflows went into a variety of sectors including commodities, information technology and telecommunications, as well as financial services and retail. The United States (US) government and the European Union (EU) and its member countries embarked on the most aggressive fiscal and monetary policy deployment in history during the crisis 2 . In Africa, during the period before and after the crisis, a debate ensued among scholars and others as to whether Africa could converge, catch up and leapfrog the rest of the developing world. If so, what policies could support the necessary structural change?


Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to estimate epidural timing's impact on fetal station during active labor. Study Design This secondary analysis of a single-institution prospective cohort study included all term singleton pregnancies, stratified by parity. Those with early epidurals (placed at <6 cm) were compared with those with late epidurals (placed at ≥6 cm). The primary outcome was median fetal station from 6 to 10 cm. Secondary outcomes included rate of prolonged first or second stage of labor (>95%). Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for labor type. Results Among 7,647 women, 3,434 were nulliparous (2,983 with early epidurals and 451 with late epidurals) and 4,213 multiparous (3,141 with early epidurals and 1,072 with late epidurals). Interquartile ranges (IQRs) suggested fetal station at 6 cm was likely lower among those with early epidurals (nulliparous: median head station −1 [IQR: −1 to 0] for early epidural vs. −1 [IQR: −2 to 0] for late epidural, p < 0.01; multiparous: −1 (IQR: −2 to 0] for early epidural vs. −1 [IQR: −3 to −1] for late epidural, p < 0.01). Early epidurals were not associated with increased risk of prolonged first stage, but among nulliparous were associated with decreased risk of prolonged second stage (adjusted odds ratio: 0.66 [95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.99]). Conclusion Early epidurals were associated with lower fetal station in active labor but not prolonged first stage.


Sieve effect, compiexation, ionic exchange, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and molecular recognition based on molecular imprinting are comprehensively discussed.


Advisor: Dr.Enrique J. Carmona Suarez
 In this thesis we investigate the application of a new methodology in order to perform the detection and localization of the most important anatomical structures in retinal images, such as the optic disc, the optic cup, the macula/fovea and the network of blood vessels. We address this task by means of a methodology that combine several strategies: (a) use of methods that are typically applied in this domain; (b) use of a progressive segmentation approach based on "first detection and localization after", and (c) use of relational knowledge and other characteristic properties to facilitate the approximate localization of all target structures, the exact segmentation of each of them and the detection of eye injury. This methodology is implemented using three stages: (1)In the first stage, detection of anatomical structures, several computer vision techniques are applied in order to identify typical features based on the intensity level of each pixel or his neighborhood. As a result, for each anatomical structure, we obtain a set of potential blobs. Finally, the blob most likely of belonging to each structure is chosen. This selection is based on knowledge of geometric relations between the different anatomical structures. (2)In the second stage, localization of anatomical structures, we repeat the scheme of the first stage, but focusing now in the properties and relationships between the different elements which characterize each specific anatomical structure. The rough localization of each structure obtained in the first stage allows us to simplify the processing in this stage. (3) The third stage is dedicated to the detection of ocular lesions. This stage will be addressed in a future work and will not be described in this presentation.


This research paper objectives to discuss the acquit and discharge of the managing role by directors and supervising role by board of commissioners of the corporation. The research used a sample of the annual general meeting of shareholders of 32 public listed companies and 1 district court decision against the directors of a finance company on charges of falsifying company documents. This research uses judicial normative research method combined empirical data. The results show that the absence of acquit and discharge of directors and board of commissioners regulated in the limited company law, acquit and discharge are not entirely an agenda at the general meeting of shareholders and directors or board of commissioners can still be held for accountable, even though acquit and discharge have been given at the annual general meeting of shareholders.


We study long-range percolation on the $d$-dimensional hierarchical lattice, in which each possible edge $\{x,y\}$ is included independently at random with inclusion probability $1-\exp ( -\beta \|x-y\|^{-d-\alpha} )$, where $\alpha>0$ is fixed and $\beta\geq 0$ is a parameter. This model is known to have a phase transition at some $\beta_c<\infty$ if and only if $\alpha<d$. We study the model in the regime $\alpha \geq d$, in which $\beta_c=\infty$, and prove that the susceptibility $\chi(\beta)$ (i.e., the expected volume of the cluster at the origin) satisfies \[ \chi(\beta) = \beta^{\frac{d}{\alpha - d } - o(1)} \qquad \text{as $\beta \to \infty$ if $\alpha>d$} \qquad \text{and} \qquad e^{e^{ \Theta(\beta) }} \qquad \text{as $\beta \to \infty$ if $\alpha = d$.} \] This resolves a problem raised by Georgakopoulos and Haslegrave (2020), who showed that $\chi(\beta)$ grows between exponentially and double-exponentially when $\alpha=d$. Our results imply that analogous results hold for a number of related models including Dyson's hierarchical Ising model, for which the double-exponential susceptibility growth we establish appears to be a new phenomenon even at the heuristic level.


Normal lung sounds in healthy people vary according to lung development, and thus its interpretation depends on age. Currently, adventitious lung sounds, such as crackles (Cr), have been reported in healthy people (Oliveira et al. Resp. Med. 2014; (108)550e570). However, it is not known if their characteristics also depend on lung development. This study assessed Cr characteristics in healthy children at different age-ranges. 59 children (20 aged ≤2yrs; 18 aged 3-8yrs and 21 aged >8yrs) were recruited during routine appointments. Respiratory sounds were recorded with a digital stethoscope at posterior left and right chest. Computerised analysis was used to characterise number and type of Cr per breathing cycle. Data are shown as median. Children aged >8 had more inspiratory (0.8 vs. 0.4) Cr than those aged 3-8 and more inspiratory (0.8 vs. 0.3) and expiratory (1.9 vs. 1.0) Cr than children aged ≤2. Also, children aged >8 (0.2) had more fine crackles per breathing cycle than younger children (≤2 and 3-8: 0.1). (Fig. 1).
 Differences in number of Cr are volume related. Cr are only generated if sufficient volume of air is achieved to open closed airways. Younger children have little pulmonary tissue and high respiratory rates and thus the smaller volume of air inhaled/exhaled may explain the lower number of Cr. This study highlights the need of considering age when interpreting children9s auscultation. Further research in healthy and diseased populations is needed.


Animal products are one of the main constituents of the human diet. They are the main source of energy, proteins, microelements, and bioactive substances. The most popular negative health impacts linked with the consumption of animal products are obesity, atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and cancer. Apart from human health, consuming animal products is also controversial lately, due to farm animals' well-being and environmental protection issues. Thus, within the context of sustainability, the consumption trends of animal products were investigated through our on-line questionnaire surveys. The following animal products were involved in the survey: unprocessed meat (pork, beef, lamb, veal, mutton, chicken, duck, goose, turkey), processed meat (cold-cuts, sausages, pates), fish products, and eggs. Our research concluded that consumption among respondents with higher education was unsustainable for both unprocessed and processed meat, as eating habits in terms of type and quantity of consumed meat indicated respondents' unawareness. The consumption of fish products was also revealed as unsustainable regarding the quantity of fish consumed in terms of its beneficial nutritional values. Egg consumption was revealed as the most sustainable among the investigated animal products. However, insignificant egg consumption among the respondents showed the actual need of social education in terms of the current knowledge regarding the beneficial aspects of eggs.


This paper presents a new stationary device that can perform simultaneous measurements of air flow velocity and methane concentration in a mine heading (stationary methane anemometer). The test station is designed to use the instrument to test the effect of various parameters on the air-methane stream. The air velocities and methane concentrations were fed to the measuring area via an injector and recorded. The results present numerical simulations of flow phenomena that occurred during measurement experiments.


Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors are the final common pathway leading to platelet aggregation and coronary thrombosis during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, they are ideal candidates for pharmacologic intervention. The recent development of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists has led to several studies that have shown the benefits and efficacy of these agents in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes and in the setting of percutaneous intervention. To date, six published trials have examined the safety and efficacy of intravenous abciximab, a mouse/human chimeric version of the 7E3 antibody, as an adjunct to primary mechanical reperfusion in patients with AMI. In this article, we review these trials, as well as new studies currently underway that will provide further information on the long-term benefits of combining these pharmacologic agents and stenting in the treatment of AMI.


Radiation of elastic waves from a point force or from a localized torque into a transversely isotropic medium has been formulated in terms of displacement potentials, and transient waveforms have been computed by numerical Fourier inversion. For isotropic sandstone, this procedure yields P‐ and S‐wave pulses whose arrival times and magnitudes agree with theory. For a range of anisotropic rocks, arrival times of quasi‐P‐waves and quasi‐S‐waves agree with asymptotic theory. For extreme anisotropy, some quasi‐S‐wave pulses arrive at times which are not predicted by asymptotic theory. Magnitudes have not been compared with results of asymptotic theory, but decrease with distance appears to be in agreement. This Fourier inversion method gives near‐source changes in waveform which are not obtainable from the asymptotic theory.


SUMMARY The nature and membrane characteristics of the "K cell' of antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (Ab-LMC) were investigated in a widely used rat model of transplantation. Treatment of sensitized effector cell populations with anti-immunoglobulin and complement eliminated K cell cytotoxicity without diminishing the component of T cell-mediated injury. EA and EAC depletion experiments, although demonstrating no loss of K cell cytotoxicity after removal of complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes, produced a marked abrogation of cytotoxicity following the removal of the Fc receptor-bearing lymphocyte pool. Studies on phagocytic properties showed K cell activity to be shared by an adherent as well as a nonadherent cell population. Thus, the Fc receptor emerged as the only constant surface marker of the rat K cell in Ab-LMC.


The poetry of Canadian modernist Earle Birney presents a relationship between humanity and the natural world that is fraught with tension, conflict and destruction. Taking nine emblematic poems into consideration, and their occasionally extensive revisions, Birney's work on the environment emerges as more than passive, observant nature poetry, but rather, as a deeply politicized, ecological polemic that laments the destruction wrought by modern, industrial development. Furthermore, his extensive revisions of a number of the earliest poems in question often function to highlight their ecological and environmentalist ethos.


The younger generation of the Somali community has faced certain hardships, in part, as a result the contradiction between their identities at home and their identities in public. The focus of this research was on the saliency of second generation Somali origin children's multiple identities. The 10 children between the ages of 5-10 that were interviewed indicated that they considered their Muslim identity their strongest identity, followed by their Somali identity, then their Black identity and lastly their Canadian identity. Their reasons for choosing the Muslim identity first were due to culture and religion. Their reasons for choosing the Somali identity second was due to the fact that Somalia is their parent's birth place. As for the black identity some of the participants stated reasons related to skin colour as to why they chose this identity while others considered this an identity that did not apply to them. Lastly, they chose the Canadian identity because Canada is their birth place and place of residence. The implications of this study are that both parents and teachers need to be actively encouraging the formation of children's racial and national identity.


Background: Both adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) have been demonstrated to have regenerative properties with therapeutic potential for numerous diseases through local or topical applications. However, it is unclear whether ASC or SVF can be delivered systemically through an intra-arterial infusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the microcirculatory response in vivo on local intraarterial infusion of autogenic ASCs or SVF in a vascular pedicle isolated rat cremaster microcirculation model. Materials and Methods: Fat tissue was surgically harvested from the flanks of male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12) and processed for SVF isolation. Some SVF samples were cultured for 24 hours for ASC purification. The autogenic SVF (1 × 105) cells (n = 6) or purified ASC (1 × 105) cells (n = 6) cells were infused into the microcirculation of cremaster muscle at a speed of 0.05 mL/min through the cannulation of femoral artery. As this is a vascular pedicle isolated preparation, the infused SVF or ASC cells went nowhere but the cremaster muscle. The video image of the microcirculation was monitored in real time during infusion. Results: Arteriole diameter was measured as A1 (100–160 µm), A2 (40–80 µm), and A3/A4 (10–30 µm). Capillary perfusion was quantified in 18 capillary fields of each muscle. There was a significant increase in the diameter of terminal arterioles (P = 0.049) and the capillary density (P = 0.02) after ASC intraarterial infusion. However, a significant cell aggregation, embolisms, and arterial obstruction were observed in the microcirculation in every case during SVF infusion. Conclusions: Intraarterial infusion is an appropriate route for the delivery of autogenic ASCs, but not of SVF. SVF-induced microembolisms were the reason for narrowing or blocking the lumen of terminal arterioles, resulting in no flow in the corresponding capillaries.


Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a label-free biosensing technique employing plasmonic nanostructures to detect local refractive index change induced by biomolecules in the vicinity of these nanostructures. In analogy to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor in a cuvette, LSPR is resistant to bulk refractive index fluctuation yet remains comparably sensitive for biosensing purpose. LSPR has the advantage over SPR in that the overall system size is smaller, and not affected by normal temperature fluctuations during measurement. However, mass production of a cheap but effective LSPR substrate remains challenging. In this paper, a self-assembly gold nanoisland structure was synthesized on transparent glass substrate by a simple two-step deposition-growth process. The first step involved depositing an ultra thin film of gold with nominal thickness of 5 nm by thermal evaporation at 1× 10 -7 torr. Then the gold coated substrate was placed into a high temperature oven and annealed at 450°C for 10 hours. By first observation, the annealed substrate turned from pale green to dark pink. Upon scanning with atomic force microscopy, it was revealed that nanoislands of about 100 nm to 150 nm wide with average height of 60 nm were formed. Optical extinction measurements showed that the absorption peak was about 560 nm with fullwidth-half-maximum of 100 nm, so dark pink color was observed. For the biosensing demonstration, Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Anti-BSA bio-affinity interaction was measured using the self-assembly gold nanoisland LSPR sensor. Anti-BSA was functionalized onto the sensing site and BSA of known concentrations, i.e. 1 ug/ml was injected. The results showed LSPR spectral intensity change of 650 counts at the resonance slope of 634 nm. With standard deviation of spectral intensity fluctuation at 7 counts, the detection limit of BSA was estimated at about 0.5 nM which was comparable with that of LSPR systems with more elaborate nanostructures. The limit of detection of the present system can be further improved by implementing phase measurement and further nanostructure improvement.


Measurements of flow velocity are often required for a broad range of issues surrounding water‐resource management, and a velocity‐estimation method is therefore desirable where extensive field data are unavailable. This paper presents the development of a model for estimating flow velocity using readily available catchment characteristics, and flow and channel geometry data. The velocity equations were calibrated using UK data, so that their application at any river site in the UK is attainable. The calibrated equation uses the mean flow and the dimensionless magnitude of the flow on the day in question to estimate the mean reach velocity for flows at any river site in the UK.


Physical dormancy (PY) in seeds or fruits has been reported in 17 angiosperm families but not in basal angiosperms, magnoliids or gymnosperms. Here, we report PY in fruits (germination unit) of Cassytha filiformis, a parasitic species in the magnoliid clade. Moisture content of fruits ranged from 10% to 16%, and the seeds are orthodox (desiccation tolerant). Manually scarified fruits increased in mass >80% during imbibition, whereas untreated fruits increased <16%, via only a few fruits imbibing. Thus, the fruits are water impermeable. Dye did not penetrate the lignified palisade layer in the endocarp. Dye tracking of innately non-dormant fruits suggested that the carpellary micropyle is the water gap in C. filiformis fruits. Manual scarification broke dormancy of most, but not all, C. filiformis fruits. Thus, a high percentage of the germination units have PY and a low percentage PY + physiological dormancy. This is the first verified report of PY in the magnoliids; PY is now known to occur in four of the five major angiosperm clades. The evolutionary aspects of PY in Cassytha, an isolated genus in Lauraceae, are discussed.


In this paper, we argue that the very convincing performance of recent deep-neural-model-based NLP applications has demonstrated that the distributionalist approach to language description has proven to be more successful than the earlier subtle rule-based models created by the generative school. The now ubiquitous neural models can naturally handle ambiguity and achieve human-like linguistic performance with most of their training consisting only of noisy raw linguistic data without any multimodal grounding or external supervision refuting Chomsky's argument that some generic neural architecture cannot arrive at the linguistic performance exhibited by humans given the limited input available to children. In addition, we demonstrate in experiments with Hungarian as the target language that the shared internal representations in multilingually trained versions of these models make them able to transfer specific linguistic skills, including structured annotation skills, from one language to another remarkably efficiently.


Perennial vegetation is one of the most valuable ecological components when forming healthy living environments, natural and cultural landscape values, and general ecological stability, especially in protected areas. In various countries, increasing attention is being paid to research into biodiversity of meadow phytocenoses. Research in Western Lithuanian meadows was conducted from 2003 to 2006 with the aim to determine how the regime of management and different ecological conditions over several years influences floristic composition, frequency, and stability of meadow sward. Field sampling plots were set up on two semi-natural floodplain meadows in protected areas: in the meadow of the Minija mid-river banks (used for agricultural activities – grazing and cutting), and in the Veiviržas landscape reserve in the flood-meadow land (with no farming activities for the last ten years). The article discusses the relevance of the dominant species on the stability of phytocenoses. Each habitat was estimated for ecological conditions, i.e. soil moisture and vascular plant species indicating soil acidity.


Regenerative medicine approaches offer attractive alternatives to standard vascular reconstruction; however, the biomaterials to be used must have optimal biochemical and mechanical properties. To evaluate the effects of biomaterial properties on vascular cells, heparinized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels of three different moduli, 13.7, 5.2, and 0.3 kPa, containing fibronectin and growth factor were utilized to support the growth of three human vascular cell types. The cell types exhibited differences in attachment, proliferation, and gene expression profiles associated with the hydrogel modulus. Human vascular smooth muscle cells demonstrated preferential attachment on the highest-modulus hydrogel, adventitial fibroblasts demonstrated preferential growth on the highest-modulus hydrogel, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated preferential growth on the lowest-modulus hydrogel investigated. Our studies suggest that the growth of multiple vascular cell types can be supported by PEG hydrogels and that different populations can be controlled by altering the mechanical properties of biomaterials.


Dermatophytic infections are worldwide in distribution. They often present with superficial skin infections. Severe infections suggest underlying immunodeficiency state of particular clinical case.They are usually caused by anthrapophilic dermatophyte species such as Trichophyton,Microsporum,Epidermophyton. Common age group being 30-40 and males are usually infected. Certain infections are commonly seen in paediatric age group.(T.capitis). The prevalence and distribution of species vary in various geographical areas. Following guidelines for appropriate collection of sample,clinical specimen is collected and 10-20% KOH mount preparation of skin scrapings,hair follicles,nail clippings are examined under microscope for fungal elements,followed by inoculation on to SDA and special dermatophyte media for culture confirmation. Results are interpreted based on colony morphology,microscopic identification of microconidia and macroconidia.The most commonest dermatophyte isolated being T.rubram,T.mentagrophytes followed by T.tonsurans,M.audouinii. Most of the dermatophytic infections are diagnosed and treated depending on clinical manifestations and 10-20% KOH mount.Dermatophytic infections that need prolonged antifungal therapy and those with atypical clinical presentation need confirmation by culture as it takes long time for their isolation Proper identification needs appropriate sample collection Among superficial skin infections dermatophytic infections are the most common.As their infection results in disfigurement and discomfort and significant morbidity ,avoiding contact with infected animals and persons as well as maintaining good environmental , personel hygiene can decrease dermatophytic infections.


SIR,-A number of observers have reported that the effect of hydrocortisone ointment varies with the locality treated.' 2 The ano-genital regions, the external auditory meatuses, and the eyelids respond well, whereas the hands and feet do not give such a good response. This difference has been related to lack of penetration in areas where the epidermis is thick, and obviously this is an important aspect. In a previous letter3 one of us (R. P. W.) suggested that another reason was that certain areas of skin differed in their inherent sensitivity to the hormone. Recently four cases of persistent widespread eczema, including involvement of hands and feet, have been treated with cortisone by mouth. Given in a dose of about 100 mg. per day the rash improved very considerably with the exception of the hands and feet, which showed comparatively little or no improvement. Assuming that topical hydrocortisone and parenteral cortisone have a similar action on the skin, this would indicate that the skin of the hands and feet is less sensitive than other areas to the effects of these hormones. The poor response obtained with hydrocortisone ointment appears to be due to this decreased sensitivity, quite apart from the poor penetration in these areas.-We are, etc.,


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate direct drug susceptibility testing on MGIT 960 system for detection of multidrug resistant tuberculosis from smear positive pulmonary specimens.

STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional analytical study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Microbiology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from July 2016 to September 2017.

METHODOLOGY
Smear positive specimens were pretreated according to guidelines and then tested on MGIT 960 TB system for direct drug susceptibility testing (DST) of isoniazid and rifampin. Samples were also processed by gold standard indirect method, which comprises culture and then DST from positive growth by MGIT 960 TB system.

RESULTS
Out of 108 specimens, 95 (88%) DST results were reportable. Out of 95 reportable specimens, 17 isolates were resistant to both isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF) by direct DST. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for INH were 92%, 93%, 82%, 97% and 92.6%, respectively; and 95%, 96%, 86.3%, 98.6% and 95.7%, respectively for RIF. Average time to report DST by indirect method was 23.6 ±3.9 days, while it was 11.4 ±2.7 days for the direct method.

CONCLUSION
Direct susceptibility testing on MGIT 960 system showed very good agreement when compared with indirect method. Time saving is crucial factor in initiation of early effective therapy, especially in drug resistant cases. Further studies on large scale are required for more accurate evaluation of this method.


Navigation technology is considered that enables an underwater vehicle to compute its trajectory in real-time by utilizing range measurements from a single known location. This concept is especially attractive for small underwater vehicles where more traditional navigation technology is prohibitive due to volume constraints. By assessing local observability of the underwater vehicle and available measurements about potential vehicle trajectories, we explicitly characterize those trajectories that can be asymptotically estimated. It is shown that all but a small class of trajectories can be estimated.


Automated activity recognition of heavy construction equipment as well as human crews can contribute to correct and accurate measurement of a variety of construction and infrastructure project performance indicators. Productivity assessment through work sampling, safety and health monitoring using worker ergonomic analysis, and sustainability measurement through equipment activity cycle monitoring to eliminate ineffective and idle times thus reducing greenhouse gas emission (GHG), are some potential areas that can benefit from the integration of automated activity recognition and analysis techniques. Despite their proven performance and applications in other domains, few construction engineering and management (CEM) studies have so far employed non-vision sensing technologies for construction equipment and workers' activity recognition. The existence of a variety of sensors in ubiquitous smartphones with evolving computing, networking, and storage capabilities has created great opportunities for a variety of pervasive computing applications. In light of this, this paper describes the latest findings of an ongoing project that aims to design and validate a ubiquitous smartphone-based automated activity recognition framework using built-in accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. Collected data are segmented to overlapping windows to extract timeand frequency domain features. Since each sensor collected data in three axes (x, y, z), several features from all three axes are extracted to ensure device placement orientation independency. Finally, features are used as the input of supervised machine learning classifiers. The results of the experiments indicate that the trained models are able to classify construction workers and equipment activities with over 90% overall accuracy.


This article provides an implementation of the symmetric log-domain diffeomorphic image registration algorithm, or symmetric demons algorithm for short. It generalizes Thirion's demons and the diffeomorphic demons algorithm. The main practical advantages of the symmetric demons with respect to the other demons variants is that is provides the inverse of the spatial transformation at no additional computational cost and ensures that the registration of image A to image B provides the inverse of the registration from image B to image A. The algorithm works completely in the log-domain, i.e. it uses a stationary velocity field to encode the spatial transformation as its exponential. Within the Insight Toolkit (ITK), the classical demons algorithm is implemented as part of the finite difference solver framework. Our code reuses and extends this generic framework. The source code is composed of a set of reusable ITK filters and classes together with their unit tests. We also provide a small example program that allows the user to compare the different variants of the demons algorithm. This paper gives an overview of the algorithm, an overview of its implementation and a small user guide to ease the use of the registration executable.


The paper reviews major developments in Vietnam over the past decades as it moves from a socialist to a market economy, focusing on the changing labour market situation, the present TVET system and its role in helping returned exiles find employment opportunities. It finds that, despite tremendous effort, only limited success was achieved and that the organisation and operation of the technical and vocational education system contributed only nominally to the reintegration of returnees into the labour market. The 1998 data for the research were drawn primarily from the findings of a survey of exiles repatriated in the 1990s. It was conducted by the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA) of Vietnam and by the European Community International Program for the Reintegration of Vietnamese Returnees (ECIP).


Objective Investigation of asbestos pollution in body powder, and to explore the influence of asbestos contamination of body powder on ovary. Methods X-ray diffraction combined with polarized light microscopy was used to detect asbestos in body powder sold offline and online in China. Forty-two female SD rats were distributed into the control group, the talc group, the asbestos group, and the asbestos+talc group 0.2 ml corresponding powder suspension of 125mg/ml concentration was injected through the reproductive tract once a day for 180 days. At 90 and 180 days, CA125 and HE4 were measured, and the ovaries of rats were taken for pathological sections. Results A total of 13 asbestos samples were detected in 193 samples. The asbestos detection rate of online samples was higher than that of offline samples. The asbestos detection rate of samples in prices less than 10 Chinese Yuan was the highest. At 90 days and 180 days, the levels of CA125 and HE4 in each experimental group were increased, and the HE4 in the asbestos+talc group was higher than that in the asbestos group and talc group.At 180 days, the CA125 and HE4 levels of experimental groups were higher than those at 90 days. At 180 days, in the cortical area of rats in the asbestos+talc group, granular cell dysplasia was found in the follicles, and pathological mitotic figures were observed. Conclusion Powder mixture of talc and asbestos in low concentration entering the body through the reproductive tract in long time can damage ovarian health.


Sufficient conditions for the controllability of nonlinear neutral Volterra integrodifferential systems are established. The results are obtained using the Schauder fixed point theorem.


Ground-state properties of exotic even-even nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios are described in the framework of self-consistent mean-field theory with pairing formulated in coordinate space. This theory properly accounts for the influence of the particle continuum, which is particularly important for weakly bound systems. The pairing properties of nuclei far from stability are studied with several interactions emphasizing different aspects, such as the range and density dependence of the effective interaction. Measurable consequences of spatially extended pairing fields are presented, and the sensitivity of the theoretical predictions to model details is discussed. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


The economic success experienced since the 1978 reform in China has been encouraging. Further development and progress of Chinese manufacturing industry is essential to the provision of opportunities for the future stability and prosperity of the Chinese nation. However, this process of industrialisation and modernisation may involve a cost to future generations in terms of the impact upon the natural environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to effectively manage the modernisation of manufacturing industry with particular regard to environmental protection, such that the consequential damage to the natural environment is minimised. This paper advocates the idea of utilising a western systems approach to enquire into the feasibility of a systems-based environmental auditing system, the aim of which is to monitor the practices of the management of environmental issues in manufacturing industry. The suggested modern Western systems approach is that of total systems intervention for its complementary and informed use of various systems methodologies.


We report on the spectral properties of Cr,Yb:YAG crystal co-doped with 0.025 at.% Cr and 10 at.% Yb are reported. Using a continuous wave Ti:sapphire laser as a pumping source, we have demonstrated the self-Q-switched Cr,Yb:YAG laser at room temperature. We obtained an average output power as much as 75 mW at 1.03 µm with a pulse width (FWHM) as short as 0.4 µs. The laser experiment demonstrated that the Cr,Yb:YAG crystal exactly combines the Cr4+ saturable absorber and Yb3+ gain medium. The Cr,Yb:YAG crystal can be a most promising self-Q-switched laser crystal for compact and efficient solid-state lasers.


The purpose of this paper is to present the status of that part of the [Microgravity Application Program] project related to the study of cartilage formation from pig chondrocytes. The work carried out so far followed two lines: (i) chondrocytes were incubated for up to three weeks in the RPM; (ii) a module developed for in-vitro cartilage formation will be tested in a sounding rocket flight (MASER 9, November 2001).


Crime generates significant losses, both human and economic. Every year, billions of dollars are lost due to attacks, crimes, and scams. Surveillance video camera networks are generating vast amounts of data, and the surveillance staff can not process all the information in real-time. The human sight has its limitations, where the visual focus is among the most critical ones when dealing with surveillance. A crime can occur in a different screen segment or on a distinct monitor, and the staff may not notice it. Our proposal focuses on shoplifting crimes by analyzing special situations that an average person will consider as typical conditions, but may lead to a crime. While other approaches identify the crime itself, we instead model suspicious behavior -- the one that may occur before a person commits a crime -- by detecting precise segments of a video with a high probability to contain a shoplifting crime. By doing so, we provide the staff with more opportunities to act and prevent crime. We implemented a 3DCNN model as a video feature extractor and tested its performance on a dataset composed of daily-action and shoplifting samples. The results are encouraging since it correctly identifies 75% of the cases where a crime is about to happen.


Body axis elongation is a hallmark of the vertebrate embryo, involving the architectural remodelling of the tailbud. Although it is clear how bi-potential neuro-mesodermal progenitors (NMPs) contribute to embryo elongation, the dynamic events that lead to de novo lumen formation and that culminate in the formation of a 3-Dimensional, secondary neural tube from NMPs, are poorly understood. Here, we used in vivo imaging of the chicken embryo to show that cell intercalation downstream of TGF-beta/SMAD3 signalling is required for secondary neural tube formation. Our analysis describes the initial events in embryo elongation including lineage restriction, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of NMPs, and the initiation of lumen formation. Importantly, we show that the resolution of a single, centrally positioned continuous lumen, which occurs through the intercalation of central cells, requires SMAD3 activity. We anticipate that these findings will be relevant to understand caudal, skin-covered neural tube defects, amongst the most frequent birth defects detected in humans. HIGHLIGHTS .- Initiation of the lumen formation follows the acquisition of neural identity and epithelial polarization. .- Programmed cell death is not required for lumen resolution. .- Resolution of a single central lumen requires cell intercalation, driven by Smad3 activity .- The outcome of central cell division preceding cell intercalation, varies along the cranio-caudal axis.


We tested the viability of human bone marrow stored for 40 to 42 months in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. A median of 2 × 1010 nucleated cells obtained from eight patients were concentrated to 1.3 × 1010 using discontinuous centrifugation. These were stored in polyolefin bags in volumes of 100 to 500 ml using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant. Cell number and granulocyte – monocyte colony – forming cell (CFU-c) plating efficiency were determined before freezing and after thawing, after dilution and removal of DMSO, and after 2 to 4 hr of additional incubation. The median difference in cell number and CFU-c plating efficiency after this prolonged storage was −9 and +2%, respectively. Dilution, washing, and a 2-hr incubation were associated with cell losses of 24, 24, and 19% and increases in CFU-c plating efficiency, ranging from 22 to 79%. The number of viable CFU-c was never significantly lower than the number of CFU-c stored or initially thawed. Vapor phase storage appears to be adequate for prolonged human bone marrow cryopreservation using CFU-c viability as a determinant.


Developing teachers' commitment to change is essential in order to succeed an educational change. However, to date, there is a lack of knowledge about how to develop commitment to change. Earlier studies have shown that anchoring is a technique that allows people to unconsciously influence their decision making and thoughts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of anchored empowerment on teachers' (affective, continuance and normative) commitment to change. In addition, the differences in gender and job satisfaction are also examined. In order to investigate this, a quasi-experimental design was established. In total 205 Dutch secondary school teachers participated and were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: encouraging anchor, discouraging anchor or control group without an anchor. The results indicated that both an encouraging anchor and a discouraging anchor did not influence teachers' commitment to change. Moreover, no difference was found between male and female teachers in influencing their commitment to change via the anchoring technique. In addition, no differences were found between the extent to which satisfied teachers and unsatisfied teachers were committed to change. While the results did not confirm the scientifically based hypotheses, this study provides a new perspective in educational science.


Abstract For 24 weeks, rabbits were fed feed containing non-oxidised or oxidised rapeseed oil. At the beginning of the experiment and every six weeks the rabbits were weighed and blood was taken. After the experiment was completed, their liver was dissected for biochemical and histological examinations. The activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotrasferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and aldolase in blood plasma and liver were determined. Enzymes of the protein and liver metabolic pathways were determined using kinetic and spectrophotometric methods. The content of fatty acids was determined by means of fatty acid methyl ester concentration measurement using gas chromatography. It was found that the applied diet with oxidised rapeseed oil caused the development of slight liver steatosis and disturbances in the activity of enzymes involved in the liver pathways, despite the fact that it was a balanced diet, and differed only in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. The obtained results indicate that more profound oil oxidation and its increased supply in diet may result in the development of liver steatosis.


We infer the depth of the internal sources giving rise to three-minute umbral oscillations. Recent observations of ripple-like velocity patterns of umbral oscillations supported the notion that there exist internal sources exciting the umbral oscillations. We adopt the hypothesis that the fast magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves generated at a source below the photospheric layer propagate along different paths, reach the surface at different times, and excited slow MHD waves by mode conversion. These slow MHD waves are observed as the ripples that apparently propagate horizontally. The propagation distance of the ripple given as a function of time is strongly related to the depth of the source. Using the spectral data of the Fe i 5435 Å line taken by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory, we identified five ripples and determined the propagation distance as a function of time in each ripple. From the model fitting to these data, we obtained the depth between 1000 and 2000 km. Our result will serve as an observational constraint to understanding the detailed processes of magnetoconvection and wave generation in sunspots.


"Will these legislators who have revived the rights of man never free their course of liberty and philosophy from the shackles of a ceremony that mocks their austere souls? Will they be forever stained with this courtly rust that hinders the free flight of thought?" Thus wondered Camille Desmoulins in connection with the ritual of the king's arrival at the National Assembly in September 1791, when the new constitution was to be accepted.' At noon on September 14, Desmoulins, seated in the galleries, had seen in action what he called "legislators turned interior decorators": "They sweated blood and water to prepare the throne on which the buttocks of the nation's clerk were to rest, under the very noses and in the presence of the representatives of the sovereign people. Some of them carried the secretaries' desk down before the bar in order to allow this object of idolatry more space in which to gesticulate at his pleasure. Others substituted for the table of the president of the Assembly arnchairs of purple velvet covered with golden fleurs-de-lis. They then draped the stairs leading to these two arnchairs with a carpet of the same material, also covered with fleurs-de-lis. The king's arnchair was placed where the president's normally would be, while the president's was set off to its right so that it touched the king's. In short, our clever and gallant constitutional decorators neglected nothing in order to receive his royal Highness, King of France, in a manner worthy of his dignity." What Desmoulins found so revolting was not the presence of a king in the midst of the deputies of the people, for in September of 1791 one could not reveal one's republican sentiments directly. (For example, Les Re'volutions de France et de Brabant, like most "republican" newspapers after Varennes, was at that time singing the praises of the constitutional monarchy.) What bothered Desmoulins was rather a protocol which, according to him, insulted the dignity of the deputies of the National Assembly. "Let us recognize the constitutional king," continued Desmoulins, "but let us retain an appropriate attitude. Let us show this citizen king that we are by no means his subjects, that we do not belong


A new model for computer simulation of capacitance effects in MOS transistors is presented. Transient currents are found directly from the charge distribu- tion in the device rather than from capacitances. The effective capacitances which result are non-reciprocal. The model guarantees conservation of charge and includes bulk capacitances. Several circuit examples are considered.


The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration and invasion abilities to understand how cancer cells disseminate, with the aim of developing new treatment strategies. Analysis of the cellular and molecular basis of these abilities has led to the characterization of cell mobility and the physicochemical properties of the cytoskeleton and cellular microenvironment. For many years, the Boyden chamber assay and the scratch wound assay have been the standard techniques to study cell invasion and migration. However, these two techniques have limitations. The Boyden chamber assay is difficult and time consuming, and the scratch wound assay has low reproducibility. Development of modern technologies, especially in microscopy, has increased the reproducibility of the scratch wound assay. Using powerful analysis systems, an "in-incubator" video microscope can be used to provide automatic and real-time analysis of cell migration and invasion. The aim of this paper is to report and compare the two assays used to study cell invasion and migration: the Boyden chamber assay and an optimized in vitro video microscope-based scratch wound assay.


Pyrimidine dimer production and excision in epidermal DNA were studied at five different dose levels of ultraviolet light in the skin of intact mice. Dimer production increased with dose up to 50,400 ergs/sq mm. Approximately 30% of the thymine-containing dimers were excised by 24 hr after irradiation at three lower dose levels of ultraviolet light. Nonsemiconservative DNA replication in ultraviolet-irradiated mouse skin was shown to continue for at least 18 hr. The rate of nonsemiconservative replication decreased with time, but did so slowly. The initial rates of nonsemiconservative replication increased uith ultraviolet light dose level up to about 4,200 ergs/sq mm, after which the initial rates were decreased. Semiconservative epidermal DNA synthesis was shown to be inhibited by hydroxyurea, but hydroxyurea had no effect on ultraviolet light-induced nonsemiconservative DNA replication. The observed pyrimidine dimer excision and nonsemiconservative DNA replication suggest that in the intact mouse the cells of the epidermis are capable of DNA excision repair after ultraviolet irradiation of mouse skin.


Languages are the centerpiece of the cultural diversity of the world. They are the most vulnerable part of the world's cultural heritage. Currently, more than 7000 languages are spoken in the world, albeit more than half of them are obsolete. Many languages are disappearing day by day, taking with them a great wealth of knowledge of their culture, the natural environment and the history. The coastal areas have witnessed a tremendous loss of spoken diversity over the past few years. In short, it is indeed true to say "Enraged sea level is not only engulfing the coastal lands but also their native spoken languages." India is a densely polyglot country, out of 400 native tongues spoken here, 350 are rapidly losing their speakers. The same is true for languages all over the world. This work addresses the need to preserve the endangered indigenous languages of Indian coastal regions. The current work mainly highlights the current state of languages in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Karnataka, Rann of Kutch and a few other coastal areas of India. Keywords: Cultural diversity , linguistics, language endangerment, language extinction, language preservation, indigenous languages Cite this Article Yadav Vandana, Yadav Anshul.Vanishing Voices of Andaman & Nicobar. Omniscience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal. 2015; 5(3): 1–6p.


Abstract Intensity differences were used to measure the degree of lenition of the voiced approximants in various contexts in order to contrast them with their stop variants [b, d, g], and in order to investigate the contexts in which they are traditionally thought to appear. 3,011 instances were taken from telephone conversations of eight native Spanish speakers from seven countries. The influence of phonetic context (post-pausal, post-nasal, post-lateral, etc.), stress, word frequency, appearance in a suffix (e.g., -ado, -aba) was determined using multiple regression. In line with traditional analyses, the results show that the voiced approximants are most lenited intervocalically and least lenited after a pause. However, post-nasal and post-lateral instances fall between these extremes. In addition, /β/, , and /γ/ are also more stop-like when following [s] or [h]. Traditional analyses do not factor in the influence of stress, word frequency, word boundaries, or appearance in a suffix, yet these emerge as significant predictors. Although the distribution of the variants of these three approximants is generally thought to be due to a unitary rule, significant differences between the three suggest otherwise. When followed by a stressed syllable, /β/ and exhibit more constriction when compared to /γ/, while all three phones are less lenited when they fall between two stressed syllables. /β/ and are also more constricted when they appear intervocalically in word-initial position when compared to word-internal intervocalic tokens, while the same is not true for /γ/. Contra traditional descriptions, is no less lenited than /β/ or /γ/ following a lateral. Instances of are also more lenited when they appear in high frequency words and less lenited in low frequency words. On the other hand, frequency is not a factor for /β/ and /γ/.


Photoelectric devices based on the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect show promising prospects for broadband detection without an external power supply. However, effective strategies are still required to regulate the conversion efficiency of light to heat and electricity. Herein, significantly enhanced photoresponse properties of PbI2 generated from a PTE mechanism via a high‐pressure strategy are reported. PbI2 exhibits a stable, fast, self‐driven, and broadband photoresponse at ≈980 nm. Intriguingly, the synergy of the photoconductivity and PTE mechanism is conducive to enhancing the photoelectric properties, and extending the detection bandwidth to the optical communication waveband (1650 nm) with an external bias. The dramatically enhanced photoresponse characteristics are attributed to narrowing of the band gap and a significantly decreased resistance, which originate from the enhancement of atomic orbital overlap owing to pressure‐induced Pb‐I bond contraction. These findings open up a new avenue toward designing self‐driven and broadband photoelectric devices.


The method for spraying of liquids through an electrical field has become a printing method since it can make very small droplet. For electro-hydrodynamic jet printing to become a reliable jetting tool, the jetting performance should be characterized with respect to various jetting conditions. To optimize jetting conditions, the jetting behavior should be measured. In this study, we present a visualization techniques to measure jetting behavior from electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet head. Unlike most previous method, we use the CCD camera to measure the jetting behavior. For this purpose, LED light is synchronized with jetting signal and sequential image was obtained by adjusting the delay time of the LED light. Finally, merits and demerits of using CCD camera were discussed to measure jetting image from EHD inkjet head.


We study the algebraic structure of the one-dimensional Dirac oscillator by extending the concept of spin symmetry to a noncommutative case.
An SO(4) algebra is found connecting the eigenstates of the Dirac oscillator, in which the two elements of Cartan subalgebra are conserved quantities.
Similar results are obtained in the Jaynes--Cummings model.


This study examines the feasibility of life microinsurance in Brazil. Microinsurance is aimed at people with per capita income of up to two minimum wages (MW), according to the definition made by theBrazilian government's agency for superintending private insurance (SUSEP). The main source of data was the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD) from year 2008. The target population consists of 41 million family heads. For microinsurance coverages for death and funeral expenses, monthly premiums would range from US$0.36 to US$4.13 for those with per capita income of less than 0.25 MW. For the income range between 1 and 2 MW per capita, premiums vary between US$1.32 and US$15.21. The potential yearly market is approximately US$1.8 billion, with a potential profit of approximately US$274 million. These results provide significative evidence that life microinsurance can offer protection for low income people and also can be feasible in Brazil.


Command-line tools are confusing and hard to use due to their cryptic error messages and lack of documentation. Novice users often resort to online help-forums for finding corrections to their buggy commands, but have a hard time in searching precisely for posts that are relevant to their problem and then applying the suggested solutions to their buggy command. We present NoFAQ, a tool that uses a set of rules to suggest possible fixes when users write buggy commands that trigger commonly occurring errors. The rules are expressed in a language called FIXIT and each rule pattern-matches against the user's buggy command and corresponding error message, and uses these inputs to produce a possible fixed command. NoFAQ automatically learns FIXIT rules from examples of buggy and repaired commands. We evaluate NoFAQ on two fronts. First, we use 92 benchmark problems drawn from an existing tool and show that NoFAQ is able to synthesize rules for 81 benchmark problems in real time using just 2 to 5 input-output examples for each rule. Second, we run our learning algorithm on the examples obtained through a crowd-sourcing interface and show that the learning algorithm scales to large sets of examples.


Results from several studies suggest that the process of language acquisition may be altered in patients suffering from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. In this study, a group of 8 male participants with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (M age = 16 yr., SD = 4.7) underwent an extensive neuropsychological and language assessment. They also performed a discourse production task. Results showed mild mental retardation associated with a specific deficit in Verbal rather than Performance IQ. At the linguistic assessment, 7 of 8 participants showed moderate to severe difficulties on oral language processing with particularly impaired morphosyntactic competence.


Kemunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) from the Myrtaceae family, is native to Malaysia. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses and possesses significant antibacterial properties. In addition, it has great potential as ornamental in landscape design. Genetic variability studies are important for the rational management and conservation of genetic material. In the present study, inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 18 R. tomentosa populations collected from ten states of Peninsular Malaysia. The 11 primers selected generated 173 bands that ranged in size from 1.6 kb to 130 bp, which corresponded to an average of 15.73 bands per primer. Of these bands, 97.69% (169 in total) were polymorphic. High genetic diversity was documented at the species level (H(T) = 0.2705; I = 0.3973; PPB = 97.69%) but there was a low diversity at population level (H(S) = 0.0073; I = 0 .1085; PPB = 20.14%). The high level of genetic differentiation revealed by G(ST) (73%) and analysis of molecular variance (63%), together with the limited gene flow among population (N(m) = 0.1851), suggests that the populations examined are isolated. Results from an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis clearly grouped the populations into two geographic groups. This clear grouping can also be demonstrated by the significant Mantel test (r = 0.581, P = 0.001). We recommend that all the R. tomentosa populations be preserved in conservation program.


During the First World War, warfare became more totalitarian and was backed by an economic conflict waged with increasingly harsh methods. In the combatant nations munitions rapidly became an essential "raw material", with the increasing demand being met either by the expanding domestic arms industry or by munitions imports from neutral countries. The Swiss watch, metal and engineering industries enjoyed a strong international reputation and had a strong focus on exports: by the end of 1914 they began manufacturing precision detonators for artillery projectiles, and rising quantities of these products were sold to both sides. This paper examines what volume Swiss munitions exports assumed during the First World War, how this was compatible with Swiss neutrality and looks at the arguments used to criticise or justify this trade over the course of the war.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PCa) is increasingly recognized as a part of hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) with implications for cascade genetic testing (CGT) of men with PCa in these families. However, race-specific rates of HCS in probands presenting for inherited cancer assessment who report a family history (FHx) of PCa is not known and has implications for CGT of men with PCa. METHODS: A prospectively maintained genetic testing database at a tertiary care cancer genetics program was queried for all probands reporting a PCa FHx. Pedigrees were analyzed for three HCS linked with PCa: hereditary breast and ovarian syndrome (HBOC), classic Hereditary PCa (HPC), and Lynch syndrome (LS). Associations between HCS and race were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. Each HCS was evaluated for potential genetic link to the male relative with PCa and associations with race were tested using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: 345 probands met inclusion criteria: 53 African Americans (AA), 292 Caucasians (Wh), 74.5% female. Proband cancer diagnoses included breast (43.2%), prostate (12.8%), pancreatic (3.8%), ovarian (3.2%), and colorectal (2.9%). Overall, 63.8% of probands met criteria for ≥ 1 HCS based on personal and FHx. Male relatives with PCa in these families with potential genetic link to HCS were found in 75.5% AA families and 61.6% Wh families. HBOC was identified in a higher percentage of AA families with a potentially-linked male relative with PCa compared to Wh families (69.8% vs. 52.4%, respectively; p=0.051). Among probands with HCS potentially linked to PCa (n = 169), 19.5% were found to carry a genetic mutation in a cancer risk gene (17.9% AA and 19.9% Wh). BRCA1/2 mutations accounted for all mutations identified in AA probands and 66.7% of Wh probands. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of patients who present for inherited cancer assessment report a FHx of PCa potentially linked with a HCS. Importantly, AA probands with a PCa FHx have comparable rates of HCS as Wh probands, with potentially higher rates of HBOC in AA families accounted for by BRCA mutations. Cascade testing of men with PCa in families with HCS is crucial with a need to address any race-specific barriers. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: None


The popularity of social networking tools have significantly contributed to the change in the business models, there has been explosive growth in the number of use of social media tools among enterprises. With the rise of using web tools, the management of knowledge become crucial for enterprises as they understand effectively managing collective intellect can help firms to quickly response to the changeable market. The significance of SMEs to the global economy is obvious. However, current researches show that many SMEs are not taking advantage of the developing knowledge economy and move towards the e-business era. While it is generally accepted that there are much challenges faced by SMEs in utilising web tools when comparing with large sized enterprises, it is clear that very little work has been done to gain understand of using social media for knowledge management purpose. To address this gap, this research investigates the adoption of social media tools for managing knowledge among SMEs. There are two objectives: first, to explore the use of social media among SMEs, and second, to define in detail how social media is being put into practice and contributing towards knowledge management.


Equity is frequently cited as one of the key design aspects of environmental governance regimes. In the context of Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), a forest-based climate change mitigation instrument, the manner in which 'equity' is understood will be of critical importance for the impacts and acceptance of REDD + policies and initiatives. Whereas the concept has been extensively studied in the academic literature, references to equity in REDD + policy debates and documents are often vague, leaving room for various interpretations and modes of implementation. In our case study of the Tanzanian national REDD + policy domain, we provide a conceptual framework based on an institutional logics approach for analysing the various underlying rationalities in the 'equity in REDD+' debate. We apply it to demonstrate how the involved policy actors draw from heterogeneous equity logics in their support for and opposition to different governance models, highlighting the importance of precise contextualization and operationalization of broad international principles in national REDD + initiatives. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


The effects of photoirradiation on changes in the fluorescence intensities, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, and molecular weights of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Lake Biwa and its surrounding rivers were evaluated and compared with the results of humic substances and algal DOM. During the completely stratified period (summer), the fluorescence intensities of fulvic-like fluorophores in the surface water in the northern basin of Lake Biwa decreased and were lower than those in other months and in bottom water. The fluorescence quenching and degradation of high-molecular substances by further solar irradiation were hardly observed in the surface water samples but were significantly observed in bottom water samples. On the other hand, changes in the DOC concentrations in all samples were relatively small with solar irradiation. These results suggest that in the northern basin of Lake Biwa, the susceptibility of fulvic-like fluorophores to degradation by further solar irradiation is dependent on the water depth collected during the stratified period (summer), but the rest of fulvic-like fluorophores might be resistant to further photochemical degradation regardless of the water depth. Furthermore, the effects of the wavelength region on the characteristics of DOM and fluorophores in Lake Biwa and its surrounding rivers were examined by Xe lamp irradiation using two kinds of wavelength cut filters. From these results, it is considered that wavelengths between 290 and 495 nm and below 290 nm might largely affect the characteristics of fulvic-like fluorophores and protein-like fluorophores, respectively.


Cholangiocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group of highly aggressive cancers that may arise anywhere within the biliary tree. There is a wide geographical variation with regards to its incidence, and risk-factor associations which may include liver fluke infection, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and hepatolithiasis amongst others. These tumours are classified into intrahepatic, perihilar and distal based on their anatomical location. Morphologically, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further sub-classified into small and large duct variants. Perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinomas are usually mucin-producing tubular adenocarcinomas. Cholangiocarcinomas develop through a multistep carcinogenesis and are preceded by dysplastic and in situ lesions. While clinical characteristics and management of these tumours have been extensively elucidated in literature, their ultra-structure and tumour biology remain relatively unknown. This review focuses on the current knowledge of pathological characteristics, molecular alterations of cholangiocarcinoma, and its precursor lesions (including biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasm).


Emotional intelligence, as a new topic, has an important role in individuals' lives. Studies indicated its role through various aspects of life, such as academic achievement, mental health, marriage and so on. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine emotional intelligence and its relationship with general health in nursing students of Rasht Islamic Azad University. Then, this descriptive study was conducted on all nursing students studying during 2012-2013 academic year. The Sibriashiring questionnaire was used in order to determine the emotional intelligence, while the Goldberg questionnaire was used for general health. Moreover, Academic Achievement was derived based on students' scores on previous semester. Consequently, the results analysis were performed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and chi-square) and inferential (T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient). Accordingly, results pointed out that Mean emotional intelligence was 52/60±13/97, and Mean general health was 20/48± 10/07, too. Moreover, there was significant relationship between score of General health and emotional intelligence (p=0/005). Other findings showed that except the variables of physical symptoms and anxiety, other variables of general health were significantly correlated subscales of emotional intelligence. Not only most of the students don't have mental disorders but numerous stressors are also threaten their health. Therefore, it is recommended to provide consultant situations on learning environments which would protect students against mental disorders, also it is necessary to pay more attention and to enhance the emotional intelligence at University curriculum as well as upgrades in this stratum of society.


Photosynthesis rate could be a selection criterion for plant breeders, especially if lines with superior photosynthesis could be identified and coupled with those lines with suitable partitioning of photosynthate between reproductive and vegetative growth. Establishing why certain lines may differ in photosynthetic rate could provide additional tools for selection. Photosynthesis and leaf anatomy of the youngest fully expanded leaf in field plots of the super okra, okra, and normal leaftype isolines of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotype 'MD 65− 11', which differ in leaf size and degree of Iobing, were compared with the normal leaf genotype 'DPL 50'. Super okra and okra averaged 24 and 22% greater leaf CO₂-exchange rates (CER), respectively, than the normal leaf isoline in both 1989 and 1990. These differences were associated primarily with greater specific leaf weight (SLW) and leaf chlorophyll concentration of the super okra and okra leaf types. Water use efficiency [WUEg = CER/leaf stomatal conductance (gₛ)] was and 40% greater for super okra and okra, respectively, during 1990 compared to normal leaf. Leaves of the super okra and okra isolines were 42% thicker than normal leaf which contributed to this greater SLW. The relative tissue percentage of various cell types and mesophyil surface area per unit leaf volume did not differ among genotypes. Rubisco concentrations per unit stroma area were similar among chloroplasts of the different genotypes. Genotypic differences in CER are likely due to a greater concentration of photosynthetic apparatus per unit leaf area caused by leaf thickness differences, however the possibility of differences in the rate of dark respiration or photores piration cannot be discounted.


The lecture provides a short history of the development of road pavement management systems (PMS) from the late 1960s to the present day and ends by highlighting issues that require further research. The close link between economic progress and a good road transport system was instrumental in driving the early development of PMS, especially systems for use in the poorer countries of the world where it is vital that investments in the road transport system are chosen so as to provide the highest economic returns. In the early days there was insufficient knowledge about all of the components required to produce a complete working system; for example, not enough was known about the effects of different maintenance strategies on road performance, or about the interaction between the condition of a road surface and the cost of operating vehicles upon it. By the mid 1970s, largely as a result of initiatives by the World Bank and the UK's Department for Economic Development, sufficient research had been done to provide the knowledge required to create prototype systems. The lecture shows how such systems have evolved to assist with strategic level (long-term) decision making, network level planning (to optimise the rolling annual investment over the (whole) lives of the roads), and individual project level design. The importance of an integrated approach to project and network level planning is emphasised. The problems of dealing with data are addressed and a practical step-wise method is advocated which will reduce the costs of data collection. Multi-criteria analysis is introduced for taking non-monetary benefits into account and the challenge of incorporating asset valuation into the decision process is highlighted. Several case studies are used throughout the lecture to illustrate the points raised. (A)


Settlement structures at the transition from the Early Pre-Roman Iron Age to the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age in northern Jutland – disjunction or continuity?The intermediary stage between the Early Pre-Roman Iron Age (EPRIA) and the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age (LPRIA) in Jutland (c. 200 BC) has often been described as being characterised by major developments, manifested in changes in the structural organisation of settlements. These changes have been most acutely described by C.K. Jensen in his PhD thesis of 1995, in which this intermediary stage is described as a short period characterised by great social transformations, manifested by marked interruption in settlement continuity all over southern Scandinavia.However, a number of EPRIA settlements have been excavated in recent years that appear to have been continuous during the LPRIA and into the Early Roman Iron Age (ERIA), thereby contradicting this disjunction theory. Based on evidence from Pre-Roman Iron Age settlements in northern Jutland, this article discusses whether settlement discontinuity in the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA can be confirmed or whether the development was characterised by continuity. Data are employed from 36 Early Iron Age settlements in northern Jutland (figs. 1-2), followed by a more detailed survey of five settlement localities.In his development of a chronology for southern Scandinavia in the Pre-Roman Iron Age, C.K. Jensen found a general discontinuity in the archaeological record at the transition between the EPRIA and LPRIA. This was so major that it could only reflect a radical change in the behaviour and actions of the people who, in the Pre-Roman Iron Age, had made, used and deposited these objects. According to C.K. Jensen the discontinuity in the settlements evident at this time, was so extensive that only two special settlements showing continuity from the EPRIA to LPRIA are known from southern Scandinavia, i.e. "Borremose" (a fortified settlement) and "Smedegård" (a tell site), both situated in northern Jutland.As a possible explanation for this significant break, C.K. Jensen refers to one or more major volcanic eruptions that took place around 200 BC. The essence of his theory is that the reduced solar radiation resulting from this led to crop failure and that the consequent famine provoked great changes. C.K. Jensen follows this line of argument to its utmost, but other researchers have also accepted that a number of striking social changes occurred around the 3rd or at the beginning of the 2nd century BC, resulting in substantial changes in the structural organisation of settlements. Most recently, this subject has been thoroughly addressed for Pre-Roman Iron Age settlements in Jutland by L. Webley. He describes the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA as a time of transformation between two different types of structural organisation of settlements: Settlements from the EPRIA are seen as 'wandering relatively dispersed farmsteads', while those after the transition to the LPRIA are described as being 'long-lived and nucleated', with many being based on continuously occupied farm plots. C.K. Jensen thereby perceives the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA as a clear interruption in settlement continuity, while L. Webley (and others) goes no further than describing this intermediate stage as an important dividing line that merely emphasises a reorganisation of structural practices with regard to settlements. These two explanations are not though necessarily mutually exclusive. On the contrary, one could be tempted to say that they can be perceived as separate hypotheses that, together, reinforce the conclusion that the time around the transition from the EPRIA to LPRIA was characterised by considerable structural changes in the settlements in Jutland.Focusing on northern Jutland, it is worth noting that the two exceptions to C.K. Jensen's arguments, Borremose and Smedegård, are both situated here. Moreover, further exceptions have been added since 1995, when C.K. Jensen produced his PhD thesis, so that today we can refer to at least six settlements in northern Jutland showing continuity from the EPRIA to LPRIA. At the same time, it has become apparent that nucleated long-lived settlements began to appear as early as the EPRIA in at least a few locations in northern Jutland.If C.K. Jensen's Pre-Roman disjunction theory is to have general validity in northern Jutland, the lifetime of settlements founded in the Late Bronze Age (LBA)/EPRIA should end at the transition to the LPRIA, at the latest. However, based on the earliest-latest dates for the longhouses at 36 chosen settlements, no such break could be identified at that time. At 17 of the 36 settlements, where the earliest longhouse was dated to the LBA/EPRIA (fig. 1 nos. 1-17), the latest longhouse at 13 of the 17 sites (fig.1 nos. 5-17) was thereby dated to either the LPRIA, ERIA or Late Roman Iron Age (LRIA). On the basis of this record, it is evident that there was usually settlement continuity from the EPRIA to LPRIA on those of the selected sites that were founded in the LBA/EPRIA. A possible source of error should, however, be mentioned here: Even though a break in settlement during the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA cannot be demonstrated in the archaeological record, it may very well exist nevertheless. This is because the simple recording of, respectively, the earliest and latest longhouses at these sites combines the evidence into broad time periods, within which there may very well be sequential holes. Five settlements were therefore subsequently selected for intra-site analysis of the settlement structures during the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA: Nørre Tranders, Nørre Hedegård, Trandersgård, Lykkensgård and Klovenhøj.Analysis of the various village phases of the Nørre Tranders tell site (fig. 4) revealed that the structural organisation of the settlement was stable here from the EPRIA onwards. At the same time, it could be demonstrated that structural changes in settlement did not occur during the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA. On the site as a whole, there was consequently very limited structural settlement development from phase I in the EPRIA to phase XIV in the ERIA. At Nørre Hedegaard, the traces of a stable structure around the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA are even clearer (fig. 5). Here, the same plots were continuously occupied throughout four settlement phases, beginning in the EPRIA and ending in the LPRIA, and house continuity constituted a prominent part of this practice. As far as Nørre Hedegaard is concerned, it can therefore be reasonably indicated that the intermediate stage between the EPRIA and LPRIA fell within what was probably the most stable period in the 6-700 year life of the settlement. At Klovenhøj too, a stable structure was a reality as early as the EPRIA (fig. 8), with the founder plot being continuously built upon and occupied for centuries and with a marked degree of house continuity from the EPRIA into the LPRIA. Not until later, in the LPRIA and ERIA, were new plots established. The situation at Trandersgård was somewhat different (fig. 6): The northern farms from the EPRIA apparently functioned within a community of loosely structured wandering farms, while the southern farms from the same period must be seen as the founders of several farm plots for a settlement attached to a single locality, which lasted until the LRIA. As these obviously constituted temporally extended phases, it is therefore not possible to determine which farms within the various phases at Trandersgård were coexistent. However, an overall picture emerges of a settlement under constant development – without it being possible to identify one or more periods with substantial interruptions or changes to the settlement structures as a consequence. As for Lykkensgård, it seems that the settlement was not occupied during the EPRIA.It can therefore be concluded that the solid line often drawn between the EPRIA and LPRIA is not evident, either as a break in settlement continuity or in the form of supra-regional structural changes, in the archaeological records from the settlements in northern Jutland dealt with in this article. The various episodes of restructuring identified at these sites therefore seem to have taken place autonomously and randomly in chronological terms, as seen for instance in the case of Nørre Hedegård, where the two interruption horizons coincided with sand drift horizons. The conclusions reached in the discussions presented in this article therefore point in the direction of developments in settlement structure in the Pre-Roman Iron Age of northern Jutland being first and foremost a consequence of practices and decisions that took place at a village level.Simon Kjær NielsenVesthimmerlands Museum


Traditionally, countries impose their corporation tax on an entity-by-entity rather than a group-wide basis. As the taxability of entities, tax bases, and tax rates vary from one country to another, these differences give rise to mismatches, leading to double taxation, but also to non- or almost nontaxation. In practice, however, the overall operation of the countries' divergent corporation tax systems seems to allow MNCs to reduce their overall tax burden by entering into strategic 'Base Erosion and Profit Shifting' operations. In its February 2013 report, the OECD suggests developing a global and comprehensive action plan to provide solutions for realigning international taxation standards with the current global business environment. In its follow-up report of July 2013, the OECD identifies fifteen specific actions. It, however, advocates continuing to maintain the current building blocks of international taxation, including the separate entity approach and the arm's length principle. The question arises whether such an approach would address the issue of BEPS effectively. Another issue is that this will not result in MNCs' profits being fairly allocated between states, given that measures to counter hybrid mismatch arrangements and to strengthen CFC rules mean that an MNCs' residual profit will be attributed to the state in which its top holding company is resident.


The 2010-2012 operation period at the LHC has been very successful, includ- ing the discovery of a new particle with a mass of about 125 GeV compatible within uncertainties with the Higgs boson predicted by Standard Model. Precise measurements of the properties of this boson, and the discovery of new physics beyond the Standard Model, are primary goals of future running at the LHC. The physics prospects with a proton-proton centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV are presented for 300 fb −1 and 3000 fb −1 at the high-luminositiy LHC. The ultimate precision attainable on measurements of the couplings of the 125 GeV particle to elementary fermions and bosons is discussed, as well as perspectives on the searches for partners associated with this new object, predicted by several extensions of the standard theory. Supersymmetry is one of the best motivated and well-studied extensions of the Standard Model. The current searches at the LHC have yielded sensitivity to TeV scale gluinos and 1st and 2nd generation squarks, as well as to 3rd generation squarks and electro-weakinos in the hundreds of GeV mass range. Benchmark studies are presented to show how these limits can be extended for inclusive strong production of squarks and gluinos, direct production of 3rd generation squarks and weak production of electro-weakinos. A considerable fraction of the parameter space for a wide variety of other models has been probed with the 8 TeV data. The prospects of searches for new heavy bosons and dark matter candidates at 14 TeV are explored here. For all these studies, a parameterised simulation of the upgraded ATLAS detector is used, taking into account the expected pileup conditions.


Typically, study of hydrodynamic interaction between vessels navigating in close proximity to each other is limited to hydrodynamics of bare hulls. Meanwhile, ship propulsors, especially heavily loaded, which may happen in accelerating motion, can alter substantially the flow and distribution of pressure on the hulls which can be viewed as generalization of the thrust deduction phenomenon. The 3D doubled body potential interaction code based on the source panel method developed earlier by the authors has been enhanced to include the effect of a propeller on each of the interacting ships under the assumption that the propeller jets (slipstreams) are not involved into the interaction. Each propeller is simulated by a disk of sinks further approximated with a polygon composed of identical triangular panels with identical constant sink density linked to the thrust of the propulsor according to the actuator disk theory. Comparative computations were carried out for two identical tanker vessels in the close-proximity overtaking manoeuvre at various values of the loading coefficient of each propeller. The loading coefficient is not supposed to be necessarily defined by the steady propulsion point. Numerical results demonstrate that a heavily loaded propeller substantially modifies the pressure distribution on both hulls resulting in alteration of the hydrodynamic interaction loads, especially of the surge force and yaw moment.