Objective: To investigate if babbling complexity in early childhood is related to speech and language outcomes in later childhood in children with cochlear implants (CIs). Study Design: Retrospective. Setting: Tertiary care hospital. Patients: Nineteen infants with CIs participated. Intervention: Infants received multichannel CIs. Main Outcome Measures: Infant vocal recordings were taken during pre- and post-CI visits up to 13 months post-CI. Vocalizations were measured using a scoring system that takes into account the phonetic complexity of infant vocalizations. Outcome variables included articulation and language measures collected at 4 years of age. Data were analyzed using correlational and regression analyses. Results: For infants with at least 6 to 9 months of CI experience, the phonetic complexity of babbling is significantly correlated with receptive vocabulary, articulation abilities, and global language skills at 4 years of age. Conclusion: The phonetic complexity of prelinguistic vocalizations is related to later speech and language outcomes in children with CIs. This information may be valuable in terms of tracking progress in pediatric CI users.


By a context we mean a binary table with crosses at some entries, i.e. a relation between two sets. The elements of these sets are called objects (= row labels) and attributes (= column labels). Each context determines a pair of Galois closure operators. This gives rise to formal concept analysis, cf. Ganter and Wille [6], and also to studying strong association rules in data mining, cf. Agrawal, Imielinski and Swami [1]; the term "association rule" being kept for the fuzzy version. There are cases where the Galois closure is too large or, in other words, even the strong association rules challenge decision making with too many choices. In [3], some stronger association rules (i.e., a smaller pair of closure operators) have been introduced. Their mathematical features and possible further applicability have been studied in [4] and [5]. While [3] makes it clear that the new operator is useful in (pure) algebra, [4] and [5] point out that we expect its use in applied fields only when all the attributes are advantageous or good or useful, shortly, if the attributes are positive. The goal of this paper is to introduce a more general pair of closure operators, smaller than the Galois one, such that the corresponding stronger association rules take into account that not all the attributes are positive. The main result confirms that our definition gives indeed closure operators. A strong emphasis is put on detailing how and why the new stronger association rules promise future applications although no concrete database has been analyzed from this aspect yet. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 68P15


Centrality or volume fluctuations (VF) is one of the main uncertainties for interpreting the centrality dependence of many experimental observables. The VF is constrained by centrality selection based on particle multiplicity in a reference subevent, and contributes to observables measured in another subevent. Using a Glauber-based independent source model, we study the influence of VF on several distributions of multiplicity $N$ and eccentricities $\epsilon_n$: $p(N)$, $p(\epsilon_n)$, $p(\epsilon_n,\epsilon_m)$ and $p(N,\epsilon_n)$, where the effects of VF is quantified using multi-particle cumulants of these distributions. In mid-central collisions, a general relation is established between the multiplicity fluctuation and resulting VF in the reference subevent. In ultra-central collisions, where distribution of particle production sources is strongly distorted, we find these cumulants exhibit rich sign-change patterns, due to observable-dependent non-Gaussianity in the underlying distributions. The details of sign-change pattern change with the size of the collision systems. Simultaneous comparison on these different types cumulants between model prediction and experimental data can be used to constrain the VF and particle production mechanism in heavy-ion collisions. Since the concept of centrality and VF are expected to fluctuate in the longitudinal direction within a single event, we propose to use pseudorapidity-separated subevent cumulant method to explore the nature of intra-event fluctuations of centrality and collective dynamics. The subevent method can be applied for any bulk observable that is sensitive to centrality, and has the potential to separate different mechanisms for multiplicity and flow fluctuations happening at different time scales. The forward detector upgrades at RHIC and LHC will greatly enhance such studies in the future.


Bichromatic paper disk spectrophotometry allowed the demonstration of an analogy between the increase in the solubility of highly polymerized RNA complexed with streptomycin cations (which accounts for the preservation in vivo of the infectivity of a viral RNA--streptomycin complex) and the effect of a cellulose/solution interface on the distribution of the highly polymerized RNA.


The potential accession of Turkey to the European Union is undoubtedly one of the Union's most contested prospective enlargements. Among the stated concerns are continuing problems surrounding Cyprus and Turkey's record in terms of fundamental human rights protections. The nature of the Turkish state and its current government, headed by the Islamic Refah Partisi, is also the subject of much discussion. This article traces the development of secularism in modern Turkey and outlines the effect that the Islamic revival is having on both Turkey and its attempts to join the ranks of the European Union.


Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manure is a newly-described potential management tool for Fusarium wilt of watermelon, but control is insufficient when watermelon, especially triploid watermelon, is grown in severely infested soils. A field experiment in a split-split-plot design was conducted over two years to evaluate efficacy of hairy vetch green manure alone and in combination with a moderately wilt-resistant (MR) triploid watermelon cultivar for wilt suppression compared with preplant soil fumigants. Either the soil-incorporated hairy vetch winter cover crop or the MR cultivar was effective in reducing wilt incidence, promoting plant vine growth, and increasing fruit yield. However, neither approach alone resulted in disease reductions sufficient to obtain an acceptable level of marketable fruit yield. An additive effect was observed when both treatments were combined and was greater than that obtained with the fumigants methyl bromide or metam sodium. Stem colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was lower following hairy vetch green manure than in fallow treatments, and was lowest in the MR cultivar grown in green-manured plots. The combined use of hairy vetch green manure and a MR cultivar can enhance suppression of Fusarium wilt in triploid watermelon.


Abstract Background Preliminary evidence suggests beneficial effects of cognitive remediation in depression. An update of the current evidence is needed. The aim was to systematically assess the effectiveness of cognitive remediation in depression on three outcomes. Methods The meta-analysis was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019124316). PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched on 2 February 2019 and 8 November 2020 for peer-reviewed published articles. We included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials comparing cognitive remediation to control conditions in adults with primary depression. Random-effects models were used to calculate Hedges' g, and moderators were assessed using mixed-effects subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Main outcome categories were post-treatment depressive symptomatology (DS), cognitive functioning (CF) and daily functioning (DF). Results We identified 5221 records and included 21 studies reporting on 24 comparisons, with 438 depressed patients receiving cognitive remediation and 540 patients in a control condition. We found a small effect on DS (g = 0.28, 95% CI 0.09–0.46, I2 40%), a medium effect on CF (g = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.83, I2 44%) and a small effect on DF (g = 0.22, 95% CI 0.06–0.39, I2 3%). There were no significant effects at follow-up. Confounding bias analyses indicated possible overestimation of the DS and DF effects in the original studies. Conclusions Cognitive remediation in depression improves CF in the short term. The effects on DS and DF may have been overestimated. Baseline depressive symptom severity should be considered when administering cognitive remediation.


Abstract This study deals with the diffusion of a new medical technology — vaccination against smallpox — in nineteenth-century Scania in Sweden. Using an aggregated sample of parishes as well as a micro-level dataset for four parishes, we investigate the socioeconomic as well as the geographical patterns of diffusion of vaccination in the province. We also relate the adoption of vaccination across geographical areas, as well as across social groups, to the availability of information, ability to acquire and process this information, and to levels of social capital and trust in society. Our results point to the conclusion that while vaccination spread very quickly geographically after its introduction, there were considerable differences between social groups. The better situated, betted educated, landholding peasants were more ready to adopt the new technology of smallpox vaccination. This had little to do with better access to economic resources as vaccination in general was provided free of charge. Instead we hypothesize that it was related to a higher ability to acquire and utilize the information available, and/or a higher level of trust in the authorities among these peasants.


Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Abstract Streambed sediments can act as long-term storage zones for organic contaminants originating from the stream water. Until the early 1990s, the small man-made stream, subject of our study, in the industrial area of Bitterfeld (Germany), was used for waste water discharge from the chemical industry nearby. The occurrence of contaminants in 5 the streambed is resulting from aqueous-phase transport and particle facilitated depo-sition. Groundwater discharge through the streambed can otherwise induce a remobi-lization and an advective contaminant flux so that contaminants are released back from the streambed to the stream water. We investigated the long-term mass flow rates of chlorinated benzenes (MCB, DCBs) from the streambed to the overlying stream water 10 driven by advection of groundwater. The spatial patterns and magnitudes of groundwater discharge were examined along a reach of 220 m length. At 140 locations groundwater discharge was quantified using streambed temperatures and ranged from 11.0 to 455.0 Lm −2 d −1. According to locations with high and low groundwater discharge, time-integrating passive samplers were used to monitor current contaminant concen-15 trations in the streambed. Streambed contaminant concentrations at high groundwater discharge locations were found to be lower than at low discharge locations. Based on data from batch experiments and field observations we parameterized and run multiple one-dimensional advective transport models for the observed range of groundwater discharge magnitudes to simulate the timescales of contaminant release and their de-20 pendence on the magnitude of groundwater discharge. The results of the long-term predictive modeling revealed that the time required to reduce the concentrations and the resulting mass fluxes to the water to 10% of the initial values will be in the scale of decades for high-discharge locations and centuries for low-discharge locations, respectively .


In this work, as a novel process for use of renewable energy, the authors would like to discuss the possibility of an artificial muscle actuator based on a dielectric electroactive polymer (elastomer). This highly efficient actuator can transform electric energy into mechanical energy (theoretical transformation efficiency of 80 to 90%) with a high energy density of 1.0 W/g. Using the reverse operation for this actuator, it is possible, with current materials, to obtain a maximum output of 0.4 J/g. With this new material, it is not impossible to dream of having an output on the order of 2.0 J/g.


Derrick M Silove and Susan J Rees ask whether there is any scientific foundation for mental health professionals to claim special expertise in judging the so called torture threshold or in predicting the long term psychiatric outcomes of interrogation practices.


Security-sensitive business processes are business processes that must comply with security requirements such as authorization constraints or separation or binding of duty. As such, they are difficult to design and notoriously prone to error, and a number of approaches have been proposed to formalizing and reasoning about models of such processes to detect potential vulnerabilities. In this paper, we present an approach that introduces the notion of knowledge for the formal analysis of security-sensitive business processes. We structure knowledge hierarchically, in different levels that can interact with each other in order to derive new information, which allows us to specify at different levels information about sets of critical tasks and thereby control the process execution and enforce security properties.


This chapter talks about a distinction between a crisis and an emergency. Emergencies have their own unique characteristics, including emotions, public actions, credibility and trust, that affect how risk communication is put into practice. The chapter explains some of these characteristics in detail. Planning involves understanding the needs and desires of the community and organizational jurisdictions in an emergency situation, creating and getting approval for a written plan, training staff, educating the public, getting the resources required in the plan, and making sure that the infrastructure is in place to carry it out. The chapter provides guidance on making sure that your organization is ready, teaming with other organizations, working with communities in advance, determining appropriate communication methods, and developing an emergency communication plan. It also provides additional advice on communicating during an emergency and after an emergency.


Abstract. Eurypterids are generally considered to comprise a mixture of active nektonic to nektobenthic predators and benthic scavenger-predators exhibiting a mode of life similar to modern horseshoe crabs. However, two groups of benthic stylonurine eurypterids, the Stylonuroidea and Mycteropoidea, independently evolved modifications to the armature of their anterior appendages that have been considered adaptations toward a sweep-feeding life habit, and it has been suggested the evolution toward sweep-feeding may have permitted stylonurines to capture smaller prey species and may have been critical for the survival of mycteropoids during the Late Devonian mass extinction. There is a linear correlation between the average spacing of feeding structures and prey sizes among extant suspension feeders. Here, we extrapolate this relationship to sweep-feeding eurypterids in order to estimate the range of prey sizes that they could capture and examine prey size in a phylogenetic context to determine what role prey size played in determining survivorship during the Late Devonian. The mycteropoid Cyrtoctenus was the most specialized sweep-feeder, with comblike appendage armature capable of capturing mesoplankton out of suspension, while the majority of stylonurines possess armature corresponding to a prey size range of 1.6–52 mm, suggesting they were suited for capturing small benthic macroinvertebrates such as crustaceans, mollusks, and wormlike organisms. There is no clear phylogenetic signal to prey size distribution and no evolutionary trend toward decreasing prey sizes among Stylonurina. Rather than prey size, species survivorship during the Late Devonian was likely mediated by geographic distribution and ability to capitalize on the expanding freshwater benthos.


This analysis was undertaken to generate a set of standard costs for medical services and those incurred by patient receiving treatment, for use in health economic evaluations. Medical service unit cost data were derived from a survey of 3,091 hospital medical services in five hospitals, disaggregated by type of hospital (district or provincial/regional) and analyzed using the relative value unit method. Patient-borne ambulatory cost values were derived from data gathered through 905 patient interviews that took place in six health centers, three district hospitals, and three provincial/regional hospitals. The survey gathered data on costs a rising from the distance travelled to access the medical service, the time spent in the healthcare facility, as well as travel and meal costs. The analysis generated a set of standard cost data for Thailand that will make conducting economic evaluations more accurate, faster and more convenient, as well as allowing better comparability between studies. This is the first standard cost menu that has been developed specifically for Thailand, and as such should be revised and refined in the future. Some areas that would benefit from revision are suggested.


We examined the effects of GH infusion on metabolism and performance measures during acute exercise. Nine males [(X+/-SEM): age 23.7+/-1.9 yr, height 182.6+/-1.6 cm, weight 77.3+/- 2.6 kg, percent fat 17.7+/-1.9%, peak oxygen consumption 37.9 +/- 2.9 ml/kg.min] completed six 30-min randomly assigned bicycle ergometer exercise trials at a power output midway between the lactate threshold and peak oxygen consumption. In five of the six trials, the subjects received a recombinant humanGHinfusion (10 microg/kg, 6-min square wave pulse) at 0800 h, followed by a 30-min exercise trial initiated at one of the following times: 0845, 0930, 1015, 1100, or 1145 h. During one of the six trials, the subject received a saline infusion followed by a 30-min exercise trial initiated at 0845 h. Mixed-effect, repeated-measures ANOVA analyses corrected for multiple comparisons revealed that there were no significant condition effects for total work, caloric expenditure, heart rate response, the blood lactate response, or ratings of perceived exertion response. However, acute GH administration resulted in a lower exercise oxygen consumption without a drop-off in power output. We conclude that the time of exercise initiation after GH infusion does not affect total work, caloric expenditure, heart rate response, blood lactate response, or ratings of perceived exertion but reduces oxygen consumption in response to 30 min of constant load exercise at an intensity above the lactate threshold. The last outcome may suggest that GH administration can improve exercise economy.


Abstract : The objective of the project is to test two advanced MRI methods, DTI and resting-state fMRI correlation analysis, in military TBI patients acutely after injury and correlate findings with TBI-related clinical outcomes 6-12 months later. An additional objective is to test the interaction of candidate genetic vulnerability factors with patterns of injury. The hypothesis was that these combined methods may add clinically useful predictive information following traumatic brain injury that could be of assistance in standardizing diagnostic criteria for TBI, making return-to-duty triage decisions, guiding post-injury rehabilitation, and developing novel therapeutics. The overarching hypothesis is that traumatic axonal injury, interacting with genetic vulnerability factors, is a principal cause of impaired brain function following blast-related and non-blast-related TBI. The study was a prospective longitudinal study with subject enrollment and initial evaluation at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Landstuhl Germany and at 2 sites in Afghanistan. Follow-up evaluations are performed at Washington University in St Louis. Enrollment was closed June 1, 2013. Follow-up was completed on November 17, 2013. 255 subjects were enrolled at LRMC and 230 subjects were enrolled in Afghanistan. 182 subjects enrolled at LRMC and 73 subjects enrolled in Afghanistan have completed follow-up evaluations. There have been no adverse events. We have published 4 papers and have 1 final manuscript under review.


During penalty shootouts, a soccer goalie knows the probabilities associated to each player's shooting side preference. Together with sensory information, this previously cued knowledge is used by the goalie to decide towards which side to dive in order to catch the ball. In this situation, deciding what action (i.e. which side to dive for) to perform has traditionally been explained within the framework of information processing (e.g. Sternberg, 2011). In this view, the soccer goalie would, based on sensory input and probability knowledge, first compute a decision in prefrontal areas, which would subsequently act as input to motor processing yielding the observed action (the dive). Importantly, this view suggests that relevant task factors (e.g. probability of an upcoming action) are integrated in the decision process through a cost/benefit computation implemented at the OFC/vmPFC level (Hare, Camerer, Knoepfle, & Rangel, 2010; Padoa-Schioppa, 2011; Wallis & Miller, 2003). Other authors have emphasized an 'embodied' view on decision-making (Cisek & Kalaska, 2010; Shadlen, Kiani, Hanks, & Churchland, 2008). This evolutionary perspective suggests the involvement of sensorimotor areas in decision-making. Stemming from single-cell recordings in monkey studies and formalized in the affordance competition hypothesis (Cisek, 2007), this competition is suggested to be limited to premotor areas. Recent models of human action selection advocate such a view (e.g. Domenech & Koechlin, 2015). However, in humans, it is not clear up to what level this competition takes place. To formally address this question in humans, we designed a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiment. Participants were shown cues indicating the probabilities associated with upcoming button presses. If action selection (i.e. pressing the left or right button) is performed through a biased competition in sensorimotor regions, these same regions are expected to integrate relevant task factors (e.g. probability cues). Our results show that the biased competition induced by probability cues is represented up to the primary motor cortex. Specifically, activity in the contralateral primary motor cortex increased with action probability; instead, activity in the ipsilateral motor cortex decreased. This finding strongly suggests that human decision-making derives from a biased competition taking place up to the primary motor cortex.


The land molluscs collected on the 1984-85 Zoological Expeditions to the Krakatau Islands are reported on, and a synopsis provided of all previous land mollusc records since the 1883 eruption. The current fauna of the islands is 19 species, 16 from Rakata, 12 from Sertung, 7 from Panjang and 1 from Anak Krakatau, the latter being the first record of a land snail from that island. Six species are recorded for the first time from the Krakatau Islands. These are Filicaulis bleekerii, Pupisoma orcula, Elasmias sundanum, Lamellidea (Lamellidea) subcylindrica, Microcystina gratilla and Landouria rotatoria. Radulae of several of the species are figured. The expeditions produced 19 new records for individual islands.


We present two-dimensional numerical simulations of two types of integrated silicon magnetic-field sensors realized recently in standard CMOS technology, viz. the split-drain MOSFET and the vertical Hall-effect device sensitive to magnetic fields perpendicular and parallel to the chip surface, respectively. Our results include potential, current, and surface charge distributions as well as sensitivity, linearity, and noise. Improved device geometries are suggested. Both the finite-difference method and a novel Greens function approach are used for solving the differential equations governing the carrier transport in the presence of a magnetic field.


Real-time locating systems (RTLS) have the potential to enhance healthcare systems through the live tracking of assets, patients and staff. This study evaluated a commercially available RTLS system deployed in a clinical setting, with three objectives: (1) assessment of the location accuracy of the technology in a clinical setting; (2) assessment of the value of asset tracking to staff; and (3) assessment of threshold monitoring applications developed for patient tracking and inventory control. Simulated daily activities were monitored by RTLS and compared with direct research team observations. Staff surveys and interviews concerning the system's effectiveness and accuracy were also conducted and analyzed. The study showed only modest location accuracy, and mixed reactions in staff interviews. These findings reveal that the technology needs to be refined further for better specific location accuracy before full-scale implementation can be recommended.


This lecture will provide a background on the physiology of renal sodium handling and its importance in long term blood pressure regualtion. A brief overview of the classical Guytonion Pressure-Natriuresis Hypothesis of blood pressure control will be provided. The global impact of dietary salt intake on hypertension incidence and cardiovasular health will be discussed. Addtionally, recent insights into the mechanisitc regualtion of renal sodium handling during health and the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension - including a focus on the regulation of the sodium chloride cotransport will be provided. Finally proposed mechansims involved in the sensing of alterations in dietary sodium intake to ifluence long term blood pressue will be presented.


This paper is concerned with a novel simple adaptive control system design for a non-ASPR (almost strictly positive real) plant without using an ordinary parallel feedforward controller. The proposed scheme consists of decomposition of the non-ASPR plant into an unknown ASPR subsystem and a known subsystem, implementation of the simple adaptive control, and design of H/sub /spl infin// controller for the known subsystem to track the output of the simple adaptive controller. The advantage of the new approach needs no prior knowledge on the plant.


We have tested the expression of a 65-kDa oncofetal protein (p65) after combined treatment with menadione and methotrexate in hamsters transplanted with Kirkman-Robins hepatoma. The treatment of tumor-bearing animals with these compounds significantly inhibited both the tumor development and the expression of p65. This inhibition in tumor tissue was calculated from densitograms of Western blots. The inhibition of p65 expression was also confirmed in the serum of hepatoma bearing animals by using solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) to quantify the specificity of polyclonal antibodies to fetal p65 molecules. Additionally, p65 was shown to localize both in cytoplasm and in the nuclear extracts prepared from hepatoma tissue.


In this paper, we present a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) multiuser detection (MUD) approach for multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) systems with space-time block code (STBC). The proposed strategy consider the MUD problem with diversity reception from a multiobjective optimization (MO) viewpoint and develop a Pareto-optimal PSO-based (POPSO) algorithm. By taking advantage of the Pareto-optimal values, this approach effectively explores and exploits the channel fading information of received signals that are independent for each receive antenna, and accordingly improves the heuristic search ability to find the optimal solution. The proposed approach is shown to achieve superior bit-error-rate (BER) performance by simulations.


Both diffusion and epidemic are well studied in the stochastic systems and complex networks, respectively. Here we combine these two fields and study epidemic diffusion in complex networks. Instead of studying the threshold of infection, which was focused on in previous works, we focus on the diffusion behaviour. We find that the epidemic diffusion in a complex network is an anomalous superdiffusion with varying diffusion exponent γ and that γ is influenced seriously by the network structure, such as the clustering coefficient and the degree distribution. Numerical simulations have confirmed the theoretical predictions.


Patients experiencing psychological distress often come to their physicians with primarily somatic complaints. While patients provide their physicians with multiple clues that there is a functional cause to their complaints, physicians often fail to recognize these. Psychological states, including depression, schizophrenia, hypochondriasis, malingering, conversion reactions, anxiety states, the "identified patient" in a dysfunctional family, and the patient with a "hidden agenda" are examples of this somatization process. Physicians may recognize these problems and avoid needless interventions if they consider these diagnostic possibilities and ask their patients questions that differentiate the various psychological possibilities.


Two Clostridium botulinum type A toxic fractions, named large (L) and medium (M) toxins, were eluted from Sephadex G-200. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation resolved L toxin (2.5 X 10(8) to 3.0 X 10(8) mean lethal doses per mg of N) into two fractions, 19S and 16S. The same procedure performed at pH 8resolved it into three fractions; the heavier two were both nontoxic and hemagglutinin positive, and the lightest on (7S) was toxic. M toxin (12S) (4.5 X 10(8) to 5.0 X 10(8) mean lethal doses per mg of N) was homogeneous in electrophoresis and centrifugation at pH 6. The latter procedure performed at pH 8 dmonstrated that it dissociated into uniform 7S components. The nontoxic component of M toxin was free from hemagglutinin. M toxin alone was demonstrated in culture by sucrose density gradient centrifugation at pH 6. Dialysis of the culture supernatant resulted in partial formation of 16S toxin. Centrifugation of the crystalline toxin in 1 MNaCl demonstrated 16S toxin only. The toxic components of L, M, and crystalline toxins were antigenically identical. The nontoxic components of the crystalline and L toxins, consisting of two distinct antigens, were antigenically identical; that of M toxin was identical with one of these two antigens.


Although many authors have addressed the issue of violence from an intellectual perspective, the majority of proposals are affected by the urgency of political action. Therefore, if a theoretical approach has to be done, it would be appropriate here to keep apart from a social intervention perspective. In terms of political theory, violence reveals as decisive in human affairs –victory still determines the outcome of a conflict- as it is not enough examined in the history of political ideas. In addition, the grounding in which political theory used to consider the issue has been badly affected in recent times by both moralism and pragmatism. H. Arendt shows there is no need to resort to partial perspectives -such as scientific approaches or ideological assumptions- if violence is to be understood: first of all, we have to recover from history of thought the meaning of key concepts, without which no theoretical approach can be done. Any inquiries on violence must deal with related concepts such as "power", "authority", "potency" or "force". Unless we clarify these concepts when taking in consideration the matter of violence, its interfering could stray from an impartial consideration of the issue. Secondly, there is no better way to search the "essence" of human action than addressing the political realm, deeply moved by contingency and human freedom. Therefore, as violence usually appears as part of a larger phenomenon, the identification between violence and power risks transforming the whole framework where questions such as the essence of power, the role of authority, episodes of violence, etc. still are meaningful to us. On the opposite side of political theory S. Ferlosio's work considers these major concepts –power, authority and violence- as synonyms. The basic assumption underlying this attitude is the general conception of politics in the unique sense of domination.


We establish a Lagrangian variational framework for general relativistic continuum theories that permits the development of the process of Lagrangian reduction by symmetry in the relativistic context. Starting with a continuum version of the Hamilton principle for the relativistic particle, we deduce two classes of reduced variational principles that are associated to either spacetime covariance, which is an axiom of the continuum theory, or material covariance, which is related to particular properties of the system such as isotropy. The covariance hypotheses and the Lagrangian reduction process are efficiently formulated by making explicit the dependence of the theory on given material and spacetime tensor fields that are transported by the world-tube of the continuum via the push-forward and pull-back operations. It is shown that the variational formulation, when augmented with the Gibbons-Hawking-York (GHY) boundary terms, also yields the Israel-Darmois junction conditions between the solution at the interior of the relativistic continua and the solution describing the gravity field produced outside from it. The expression of the first variation of the GHY term with respect to the hypersurface involves some extensions of previous results that we also derive in the paper. We consider in details the application of the variational framework to relativistic fluids and relativistic elasticity. For the latter case, our setting also allows to clarify the relation between formulations of relativistic elasticity based on the relativistic right Cauchy-Green tensor or on the relativistic Cauchy deformation tensor. The setting developed here will be further exploited for modelling purpose in subsequent parts of the paper.


International tourism has been growing worldwide at substantial and sustainable rates in terms of both tourist arrivals and tourism receipts. It demonstrated broad economic significance for tourism destinations around the world. This review is carried out to describe factors determining international tourist flow to international tourist destinations. The study gives insights to improve international tourist arrivals and tourism receipts at tourism destinations worldwide by providing a comprehensive summary of the results of various works of literature on international tourist flow to researchers, policy makers and practitioners. The systematic review is conducted to provide objective, replicable, systematic, and comprehensive coverage of determinants of international tourist flow. The review process comprised framing questions for review, identifying relevant works, assessing the quality of studies, summarizing the evidence, and interpreting the findings. Factors determining international tourist flow are found to be mainly related to demand factors in generating region and supply factors in destinations. Socio-cultural factors, geographical, international mobility, demographic, technological, health risk, psychological and lifestyle, and peace and security factors significantly affect international tourist flow.

 Key words: Travel, tourist flow, international tourism, destination.


Banyuwedang Bay is located in the West Bali National Park (TNBB), which is part of the conservation area. There were a lot of tourism activities developed in this area, which potentially caused disruption of the surrounding water conditions. This study aims to determine the profile of various communities in the waters of Banyuwedang Bay and as initial data to see the development of these communities due to the environmental impacts of various activities in the waters and coastal area of Banyuwedang Bay. Data was collected from five observation stations including: Community structure of Plankton, Macrozoobenthos, and seagrass, and coral reef cover. Result shows that the phytoplankton community consist of 9 genera where Nitzschia sp. (Bacillariophyceae) as the dominant species found. Phytoplankton have low diversity index ranging between 0.348 - 1.411. Zooplankton diversity index also has low value 0.693 with three genera found namely Copepoda sp., Nauplius sp. and Daphnia sp. Macrozoobenthos community is composed of 17 macrozoobenthos genera, with low diversity index ranging ??between 0.562-1.809. There are only two species of seagrass, Halophila ovalis and Cymodocea rotundata, which were found in Banyuwedang Bay. Coral reef cover seems to be ranged from poor to good conditions, with 25% - 73% coverage. Based on the result, we concluded that the Banyuwedang Bay has a moderate condition to the growth of plankton and seagrass, but good for coral reefs. Periodic monitoring is needed to find out changes in conditions that can occur in Banyuwedang Bay.
Keywords: Banyuwedang Bay; community structure; macrozoobenthos


A number of approaches to four-dimensional quantum gravity, such as loop quantum gravity and holography, situate areas as their fundamental variables. However, this choice of kinematics can easily lead to gravitational dynamics peaked on flat spacetimes. We show that this is due to how regions are glued in the gravitational path integral via a discrete spin foam model. We introduce a family of "effective" spin foam models that incorporate a quantum area spectrum, impose gluing constraints as strongly as possible, and leverage the discrete general relativity action to specify amplitudes. These effective spin foam models avoid flatness in a restricted regime of the parameter space.


Drawing on Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's analysis of language and literature, formulated in Kafka: pour une litterature mineure (1975), Mille plateaux (1980) and elsewhere, this article pursues the idea that certain forms of language, such as national languages or major literary discourses, might be conceptualized as states. Each operating as a locus of power, these forms of language codify regulatory rules (grammatical, lexical or stylistic, for example) that serve to stake out the boundaries of their territories; adherence to these rules and norms subsequently identifies belonging or non-belonging to a given linguistic or literary community. Concomitant with the notion of the linguistic state is the notion of linguistic statelessness, which might describe a general sense of alienation within language, such as that produced by the defamiliarizing effects of poetic discourse, or a more localized sense, prompted by the socio-political situation of certain marginalized, regional languages. Taking Deleuze and Guattari's notion of 'deterritorialisation' as a point of departure, this article explores how certain forms of literature dismantle or disrupt dominant linguistic codes, pointing to a decentralized position outside of the established state. Here, literature involves a movement outside of a given linguistic territory, prompting a kind of statelessness within language. Having elaborated these notions of 'state' and 'statelessness', 'territories' and 'deterritorialisation' in greater detail, the article traces their configuration in the work of the contemporary French poet, Olivier Cadiot. It considers Cadiot's first collection of poetry, L'art poetic' (1988), and then his collaboration with the musician Rodolphe Burger on the album Welche: On n'est pas indiens c'est dommage (2000). In both instances, Cadiot uses ready-made language, employing cut-ups and sampling techniques that rework dominant discourses, deterritorializing them and making them 'minor'.


This Innovative Practice Full Paper presents our learnings of the process to perform a Master of Science class with eduScrum integrating real world problems as projects. We prepared, performed, and evaluated an agile educational concept for the new Master of Science program Digital Transformation organized and provided by the department of business computing at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts - Hochschule Hannover in Germany. The course deals with innovative methodologies of agile project management and is attended by 25 students. We performed the class due the summer term in 2019 and 2020 as a teaching pair. The eduScrum method has been used in different educational contexts, including higher education. During the approach preparation, we decided to use challenges, problems, or questions from the industry. Thus, we acquired four companies and prepared in coordination with them dedicated project descriptions. Each project description was refined in the form of a backlog (list of requirements). We divided the class into four eduScrum teams, one team for each project. The subdivision of the class was done randomly. Since we wanted to integrate realistic projects into industry partners' implementation, we decided to adapt the eduScrum approach. The eduScrum teams were challenged with different projects, e.g., analyzing a dedicated phenomenon in a real project or creating a theoretical model for a company's new project management approach. We present our experiences of the whole process to prepare, perform and evaluate an agile educational approach combined with projects from practice. We found, that the students value the agile method using real world problems. However, the results are mainly based on the summer term 2019, this paper also includes our learnings from virtual distance teaching during the Covid 19 pandemic in summer term 2020. The paper contributes to the distribution of methods for higher education teaching in the classroom and distance learning.


The Nimbus 3 and 4 Iris spectral data in the 11- to 13-micron water vapor window region are analyzed to determine the sea surface temperature (SST). The high spectral resolution data of Iris are averaged over approximately 1-micron-wide intervals to simulate channels of a radiometer to measure the SST. In the present exploratory study, three such channels in the 775- to 960-per cm (12.9-10.5 micron) region are utilized to measure the SST over cloud-free oceans. However, two of these channels are sufficient in routine SST determination. The differential absorption properties of water vapor in the two channels make it possible to determine the water vapor absorption correction without detailed knowledge of the vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor. The feasibility of determining the SST is demonstrated globally with Nimbus 3 data, where cloud-free areas can be selected with the help of albedo data from the medium-resolution infrared radiometer experiment on board the same satellite. The SST derived from this technique agrees with the measurements made by ships to about 1 C.-


Implantation of pure cryopreserved epithelial cells obtained by enzymatic digestion of human amnion was successfully carried out in one patient affected by Niemann-Pick disease type B. No host-versus-graft reaction was recorded after implantation. The clinical improvement observed in this patient is supposed to be effect of the documented increase of sphingomyelinase activity in his leukocytes after implantation, confirming the possibility that an effective release of sphingomyelinase from amniotic epithelial cells and enzyme uptake by deficient cells can occur. Separation and cryopreservation of human amnion epithelial cells markedly improve the procedures of implantation and may represent a further step beyond in the enzymatic therapy of many lysosomal storage disorders.


AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

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MZ3 is one of the synthesized Combretastatin A-4 analogues. In previous research, we found that MZ3 is a potent compound against leukemia cell lines both in vitro and in vivo , and can induce apoptosis in HL60 cells through mitochondrial pathway which might be mediated by Bcl-2 protein family and MAPKs. Considering that Combretastatin A-4 is an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, we further investigate the MZ3's effect on tubulin polymerization and cell cycle in human leukemia cells. The results show that MZ3 can inhibit tubulin polymerization in vitro by Microtubule Assembly Assay and in vivo by measuring the decrease of polymerized tubulin in K562 cells treated with MZ3 in both time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity of MZ3 in K562 and K562/DNR (resistant to Daunorubicin) has been ascertained, with IC50 values in single-digit nanomolar ranges. Comparing with Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin, MZ3's cytotoxic activity exhibits no specific difference between K562 and K562/DNR. Later studies show that MZ3 exerts its cytotoxity through inducing apoptosis in K562 cells, proved by condensed DNA (DAPI stain) and DNA ladder in both time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. This apoptosis is related with the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP, both of which are at the downstream of mitochondria. Moreover, the changes of protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax confirm the causal relationship between MZ3 and mitochondrial pathway. Through PI stain and flow cytometric analysis measuring DNA content, our results demonstrate that MZ3 can cause irreversible G2/M cell cycle arrest in K562 cells in both time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Additional studies indicate that the effect of MZ3 on cell cycle arrest is associated with down regulation of the expression of key G2/M cell cycle regulatory proteins such as CDK1 and Cdc25C, as well as up regulation of MPM-2 and PLK-1. Our findings suggest that MZ3 is a promising anti-leukemia compound with antimitotic activity that has potential for management of various leukemias, particularly for patients with drug resistance.


Domain Name System (DNS) is a major target for the network security attacks due to the weak authentication. A security extension DNSSEC has been proposed to introduce the public-key authentication, but it is still on the deployment phase. DNSSEC assumes IP fragmentation allowance for exchange of its messages over UDP large payloads. IP fragments are often blocked on network packet filters for administrative reasons, and the blockage may prevent fast exchange of DNSSEC messages. In this paper, we propose a scheme to detect the UDP large-payload transfer capability between two DNSSEC hosts. The proposed detection scheme does not require new protocol elements of DNS and DNSSEC, so it is applicable by solely modifying the application software and configuration. The scheme allows faster capability detection to probe the end-to-end communication capability between two DNS hosts by transferring a large UDP DNS message. The DNS software can choose the maximum transmission unit (MTU) on the application level using the probed detection results. Implementation test results show that the proposed scheme shortens the detection and transition time on fragment-blocked transports.


This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art for underwater vehicle autopilots. We start by reviewing reference frames, vehicle states, typical control surfaces, equations of motion, the different coefficients and how they are obtained, and disturbance models as well. We then consider different possible configurations for the autopilot, including decoupled lateral and longitudinal loops, maneuver and waypoint control. Adaptive dynamic surface control of nonlinear tracking of a single underwater vehicle is designed with the corroboration with numerical simulations. Finally, we describe current hardware implementations for autonomous underwater vehicles.© 2008 ASME


Porcine myoglobin cDNA clones have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from enriched heart-myoglobin mRNA. Sequence analysis revealed 59 nucleotides (nt) in the 5'-untranslated, 462 nt in the amino acid (aa)-coding, and 590 nt in the 3'-untranslated regions. The myoglobin cDNA showed a high G + C content (60%). When the nt sequence of the porcine myoglobin cDNA is compared with those of seal and human myoglobin cDNAs deduced from the corresponding genomic myoglobin genes [Blanchetot et al., Nature 301 (1983) 732-734; Weller et al., EMBO J. 3 (1984) 439-446; Akaboshi, Gene 33 (1985) 241-249], a high degree of homology is observed in the 5'-untranslated region and in parts of the 3'-untranslated region, as well as in the coding region.


The use of physical intervention in response to challenging behaviour in a nonspecialized intellectual disability service setting was found to be extremely high. In addition, staff confidence in their ability to prevent and respond to crisis situations involving challenging behaviour was extremely low. All staff within this setting received training in Strategies in Crisis Intervention and Prevention (SCIP). At three-month follow-up staff felt more confident in the management of crisis, and more supported by their organization. No significant effects on the number of incidents reported were found, although the data suggested an increased tendency to use a physical intervention relative to other methods following training. The implications of these findings for service design and further research are discussed.


This transversal and exploratory study aimed to characterize the socioeconomic, demographic and work profile of the community healthcare assistants in the city of Florianopolis in the state of Santa Catarina. 470 staff participated in the study, their details being collected by a structured, self-applied questionnaire. It was ascertained that the majority of the subjects had the following characteristics: female, Caucasian, young adult, married, Roman Catholic, educated to senior high school level, with previous work experience in commerce, both resident and born in the city, mother of one or two children, with an average per capita family income of three minimum salaries, and with five years' experience in the same healthcare team. It is concluded that it is possible to see the strengths and weaknesses of this group of workers, such that their potential may be maximized and the work processes improved, so as to continuously improve the standards of care given by the Brazilian National Health Service (Sistema Unico de Saude).


The value of using synchrotron radiation diffraction (SRD) for characterising standard reference materials (SRMs), as a supplement to laboratory x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, has been demonstrated with the National Institute of Standards and Technology LaB6 material NIST SRM 660. Measurements were performed under in vacua conditions with the high-resolution BIGDIFF Debye-Scherrer instrument (radius = 573 mm) at the Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Japan using a wavelength of 1.5378 A and a capillary-mounted specimen (diameter = 0.5 mm). A diffraction pattern recorded with imaging plates in 15 minutes provided pattern resolution and trace-phase (< 1 Oh) detectability in SRM 660 which are clearly superior to results for Bragg-Brentano laboratory XRD data collected in 1 hour. Search/match analysis of the SRD data readily revealed the presence of three impurity phases-a-Al203; the binary metal oxide La203*MO [M = metal]; and l&alumina material of the type 1 lAl203*LazO:+*MO which were probably produced during the preparation of the SRM. While there are clear indications of some contaminant peak features in the corresponding XRD pattern, these could not be used to unequivocally identify the three contaminant phases. Rietveld phase composition analysis with the SRD data readily provided values for these trace phases.


In this paper we introduce an efficient multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (EMOEA) to design circuits. The algorithm is based on non-dominated set for keeping diversity of the population and therefore, avoids trapping in local optimal. Encoding of the chromosome is based on J. F. Miller's implementation, but we use efficient methods to evaluate and evolve circuits for speeding up the convergence of the algorithm. This algorithm evolves complex combinational circuits (such as 3-bit multiplier and 4 bit full adder) without too much long time evolution (commonly less than 5,000,000)


IN SPE SALVI, POPE BENEDICT XVI DEVOTES several paragraphs to the intermediate state before concluding his encyclical with attention to Mary, Star of Hope. (1) First, Benedict interprets the parable of the rich man and Lazarus (Lk 16:19-31) as referring to "an intermediate state between death and resurrection, a state in which the final sentence is yet to be pronounced." (2) According to the Pope, this early Jewish idea of an intermediate state contains the view that souls are already being punished or are experiencing provisional bliss. It also means that souls are being purified, which enables them to mature for their communion with God. Benedict notes that the early Church adopted these concepts. (3) He then considers what this intermediate state may hold for the supposed great majority of people who neither go to hell nor at their moment of death are already utterly pure. (4) Throughout his treatment, the Pope speaks of the intermediate state as something with various interpretations. For example, he writes, "The East does not recognize the purifying and expiatory suffering of souls in the afterlife, but it does acknowledge various levels of beatitude and suffering in the intermediate state." (5) The Pope avoids the more trenchant recent theological controversy in the West on whether an intermediate state can even be thought to exist. As shown below, this subject was the matter of fierce contention in some theological quarters in the twentieth century. In a brief note to the Theo-Drama's volume The Last Act, Hans Urs von Balthasar intimates the controversy and emphasizes the limits of knowing in eschatology. He writes, We have tried to go as far as revelation permits--some may feel we have gone one step too far--resolutely stopping at the point where pseudo-logical speculations have been shown to lead only into an abstract void or to superfluous lists of what is forbidden. There is nothing 'scientific'--and this applies equally to theology--about speaking with 'exact' precision about things that are unknowable (for example, the 'intermediate state') [Uber Dinge, die man nicht wissen kann, "exakt" zu reden (zum Beispiel uber den "Zwischenzustand")]. (6) I wish to consider the question of the intermediate state's knowability in Balthasar's theology. In doing so, I address concerns in Balthasar's consistency in theological language for his reader's understanding. While one could take Balthasar's expression about things that one cannot know to connote a great mystery beyond our knowledge in this life, Balthasar seems to mean something different from that here, as will be discussed in this article. (7) For as much as this controversy on the intermediate state rages, it seems odd that various studies of Balthasar's eschatology have not highlighted the way Balthasar approaches the topic. (8) Attending to this neglected aspect of Balthasar's eschatology may help his readers assess tensions of novelty and tradition, of coherence and confusion, of intelligibility and obscurity in this brilliant and challenging writer. (9) Moreover, since there are certain affinities between Benedict and Balthasar in their descriptions of purgatory, but divergences in their language about the intermediate state, there is an added interest to engaging Balthasar on this matter. Before examining Balthasar's eschatology, I first note the position of Joseph Ratzinger and the International Theological Commission's "Some Current Questions in Eschatology." I then consider four aspects pertinent to questioning the intermediate state's knowability in Balthasar's eschatology: (1) the witness of the New Testament and the early Church on the Christian's intermediate state; (2) Balthasar's emphasis on the "one judgment" as it relates to anthropology and time; (3) the descriptions of purgatory, heavily indebted to Adrienne von Speyr; and (4) Christ's own intermediate state in the mystery of Holy Saturday. …


Moder society encourages the development of values like solidarity, social commitment, altruistic actions and establishment of social support networks. These values have been transferred to the university curriculum and students appear increasingly interested in carryin out volunteering activities. Specifically, the Universitat Jaume I in Castello implements the UJI-Voluntaria Programme, which has different areas of action aimed at offering members of the university community the chance to take an active part in achieving a fairer society and helping the people or groups in greatest need. We carried out a study for which we had a sample comsisting of 62 students. We applied a Likert-type scale to analyse their satisfaction with the volunteering programme and their motivation for taking part in it. We found that the vast majority were women and second-year students. As for their motivation, the majority indicate thier desire to help other people, followed by a desire to learn, and personal satisfaction. Finally, in relation to student satisfaction, the majority were satisfied with the running and development of the programme. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HEAd15.2015.338


Hereditary motor sensory neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases of the peripheral nerves. In this review the clinical and genetic differences between the sub-groups of this disease will be discussed. Since the discovery of a 1.5 mb duplication on chromosome 17 p11.2-12 in most patients with a hereditary motor sensory neuropathy and a variety of different mutations on chromosomes 1 and X in other patients with a similar disease profile, Dycks' clinical classification needs to be re-evaluated. In this review Dycks' taxonomy of heridihary neuropathies will be compared to a new genetic classification and a relevant diagnostic procedure proposed when a hereditary neuropathy is suspected.


This work demonstrates the application of the behavior{based approach to generating ethologically{inspired adaptive foraging using a division of labor into exclusive spatial territories. First, we use xed group sizes to evaluate and compare the performance of the two types of adaptive solutions. Second, using a collection of experimental robot data, we empirically derive and demonstrate the critical mass for most eeec-tive foraging in our domain, and show the decline of performance of the space division strategy with increased group size.


One hundred sixteen patients with unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were accrued in a prospective randomized trial comparing (A), chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide [VP-16]) for two courses plus radiation therapy (30 + 20 Gy split course), followed by an additional two courses to (B), the same regimen plus the addition of lonidamine (LND). There were 93 patients evaluable for response (46 in the chemotherapy/radiation arm and 47 in the chemotherapy/radiation/LND arm). One hundred fifteen patients were evaluable for toxicity. The overall response rates, median time to progression, and median survival time were similar in both arms. For the group of patients with squamous cell histology, time to progression was 27 weeks on arm A and 38 weeks on arm B (P = 0.01). Two-year survival in the squamous cell group in arm A was 9%, in arm B, 39%. LND does not give rise to additional toxicity, although myalgia and testicular pain are characteristic side effects.


The purpose of this chapter is to present the state of the art for using recycled polymeric materials as effective corrosion inhibitors for metals in different corrosive solutions. Initially, the chapter provides the information about corrosion definition, rust formation, and corrosion costs. The chapter gives comprehensive picture about the standard practices for corrosion control, highlighting the recent trends. In addition, it summarizes the corrosion inhibition mechanism in different media. Recent and novel corrosion inhibitors based on recycling several polymeric materials are reviewed and are presented according to the area of application of the inhibitors. As presented, recent trends are focusing on the compounds that are environmentally friendly and less toxic to the environment.


Background:Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects approximately 1% of all live births today. With improvements in diagnostic, medical, surgical, and interventional procedures, 85% or more of all infants with CHD will reach adulthood. The number of adults living with CHD has been estimated to exceed 1 million and now exceeds the number of pediatric CHD patients. Because residual problems following intervention for congenital heart lesions can present during the adult years and complicate the well-being of these patients, ongoing care is warranted. Adult care providers have a limited knowledge of the complexities of CHD. The American College of Cardiology recommends the establishment of adult CHD clinics with both pediatric and adult cardiologists. Although our clinic is located in a pediatric hospital, little attention has been placed on where these clinics should be located-an adult setting or a pediatric setting. We sought to determine the adult CHD patient's perspective on being seen in a pediatric setting. Objective:The objective of the study was to determine the perspective of adults with CHD receiving follow-up care in a pediatric setting. Methods:A pilot 11-question anonymous patient satisfaction survey with no personal identifiers and no diagnoses was sent to all patients who had attended the adult congenital heart disease clinic at our pediatric hospital medical center during a 2-year period. Results:From our respondents, 96% did not have any concerns with being seen in a pediatric setting for adult congenital heart care, and 98% would recommend our clinic to other patients. Conclusion:Care for the adult with CHD involves multiple care providers. The most important finding from the patient's perspective is knowledge of the complexities of congenital heart lesions and possible future complications. There was little impact from being seen in a pediatric hospital setting.


Objective : To evaluate the relationship between physical activity and the risk of hip fracture in the elderly Korean people. Methods : The study population was a Physical Activity Subcohort (n=8,908) extracted from the Korean Elderly Pharmacoepidemiological Cohort (KEPEC). Physical activity information was obtained from a mailed questionnaire surveys. The outcome data was collected from claims data gathered between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 1998. A hospital survey relating to potential cases was conducted to confirm the final diagnoses. The abstracted data was reviewed by a medical doctor before the final diagnoses were confirmed. A mailing questionnaire survey was performed to obtain information on potentially confounding variables, including alcohol intake, smoking habits, weight, height and postmenopausal duration. There were 79 confirmed cases hospitalized due to hip fractures between Jan. 1993 and Dec. 1998. Relative risk of physical activity scores on the hip fracture, and their 95% confidence intervals, were estimated by a Cox's proportional hazard model using SAS for Windows ver.6.12. Results : Compared to the reference group, the adjusted relative risk of hip fracture associated with the most physical active category: after controlling for age, weight and alcohol intake in the males, and for weight, alcohol intake and postmenopausal duration in the females, were 1.04 (95% CI=0.35-3.06) and 0.f4 (95% CI=0.26-0.77), respectively. Conclusions : Physical activity may protect elderly women from hip fracture.


Development journalism has been a key focus of discussion among journalism scholars for around half a decade, but most of the attention has been firmly on African and Asian countries. This article examines the situation on the little-researched island nation of Fiji, which has experienced considerable political instability since independence in 1970. Based on interviews with 77 of the country's small population of just over 100 journalists, we find that journalism in Fiji exhibits similarities to Western journalism ideals, but also a significant development journalism orientation. A comparison with six other countries from the global South shows that this mix is not unique, and we argue that Western journalism approaches and development ideals are not by necessity mutually exclusive, as has often been argued. In this way, the article aims to contribute to a reassessment of our understanding of development journalism and how journalists in developing societies view their work.


The development of new product with low cost and reliable quality is one of important means to improve customer satisfaction and increase manufactures' profits. It is necessary to identify the key factors affecting product defects and control them early in the new product development (NPD) process with defect prediction methods, because defect prediction can effectively avoid or lower testing and unnecessary rework costs. The author proposes a new product defect prediction approach on the basis of Bayesian Network theory for decision-making in the NPD process. The proposed approach makes use of Bayesian Network to simulate defects' formation process, and it has a strong learning ability without requiring much data at the beginning of defect prediction. Product developers can easily predict the probability of defect occurrence of new products with this practical approach. The proposed product defect prediction approach can also help to focus on key factors influencing defects most. An example of turbine valve development is used to illustrate the proposed defect prediction approach. Also, recommendations for future research have been suggested.


As the powerhouse of the cell for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the "energy currency" for energizing aerobic life, the mitochondrion is also a major source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cutting-edge research studies over the past few years have uncovered a series of previously unrecognized fundamental biological functions carried out by mitochondrial ROS. Among them is the regulation of immunity by mitochondrial ROS signaling.
(First online: Mar 13, 2021)
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(1) Background: Encapsulation of surfactants is an innovative approach that allows not only protection of the active substance, but also its controlled and gradual release. This is primarily used to protect metallic surfaces against corrosion or to create biologically active surfaces. Gemini surfactants are known for their excellent anticorrosion, antimicrobial and surface properties; (2) Methods: In this study, we present an efficient methods of preparation of encapsulated gemini surfactants in form of alginate and gelatin capsules; (3) Results: The analysis of infrared spectra and images of the scanning electron microscope confirm the effectiveness of encapsulation; (4) Conclusions: Gemini surfactants in encapsulated form are promising candidates for corrosion inhibitors and antimicrobials with the possibility of protecting the active substance against environmental factors and the possibility of controlled outflow.


Recently, plasmas exceeding 4 min have been obtained with lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) in Tore Supra. These LHCD plasmas extend for over 80 times the resistive current diffusion time with zero loop voltage. Under such unique conditions the neoclassical particle pinch driven by the toroidal electric field vanishes. Nevertheless, the density profile remains peaked for more than 4 min. For the first time, the existence of an inward particle pinch in steady-state plasma without toroidal electric field, much larger than the value predicted by the collisional neoclassical theory, is experimentally demonstrated.


The purpose of the article is to define the relationship between property issues and new urban experiences it creates. The article is divided by chapter 3. The first presents the background and urban issues that led to the questioning and, more specifically, the issue of keeping a portfolio of real or virtual way under pressure from the major urban issues. The second part defines the concept of heritage and its representation in a virtual world. We rely heavily on Unesco's work on the preservation of digital data as well as the collective work of Petauque (FR) on the question of meaning to the stored information. Finally, we present the risks of the theory made facing the ground in describing the example of Godin Familistère project that underlies all of our research. It is clear that the article is based on actual experience and is therefore a posteriori looking for experienced face the reality of the Brussels urban governance.


Abstract The class imbalance problem, one of the common data irregularities, causes the development of under-represented models. To resolve this issue, the present study proposes a new cluster-based MapReduce design, entitled Distributed Cluster-based Resampling for Imbalanced Big Data (DIBID). The design aims at modifying the existing dataset to increase the classification success. Within the study, DIBID has been implemented on public datasets under two strategies. The first strategy has been designed to present the success of the model on data sets with different imbalanced ratios. The second strategy has been designed to compare the success of the model with other imbalanced big data solutions in the literature. According to the results, DIBID outperformed other imbalanced big data solutions in the literature and increased area under the curve values between 10 % and 24 % through the case study.


With the development of information technology, humanity is increasingly delving into the world of gadgets, cloud technology, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. Through web applications, we receive and distribute information, including confidential. During the pandemic, most people switched to online work and study. As a result, most of the data stored on personal computers, company servers, and cloud storage needs protection from cyberattacks. The problem of cybersecurity at the moment is incredibly relevant due to the hacking of cryptocurrencies, websites of ministries, bitcoin wallets or social network accounts. It is necessary to conduct high-quality testing of developed applications to detect cyber threats, to ensure reliable protection of different information. The article states that when testing applications, it checks for vulnerabilities that could arise as a result of incorrect system setup or due to shortcomings in software products. The use of innovation is necessary to improve quality. Modern realities have become a challenge for the development of cybersecurity products. Improvement of technology requires modern companies to update their IT systems and conduct regular security audits. The research is devoted to the analysis of modern OWASP testing tools that contribute to data security, with a view to their further use. The Open Web Application Security Project is an open security project. The research revealed a list of the most dangerous vectors of attacks on Web-applications, in particular, OWASP ZAP performs analyzes the sent and received data system security scanning at the primary level, MSTG performs security testing of mobile applications iOS and Android mobile devices. The practical result of the work is to test a specially developed web-application and identify vulnerabilities of different levels of criticality.


Severe pathoanatomical and mechanical injuries compromise patient recovery and survival following penetrating brain injury (PBI). The realization that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a major role in dictating post-PBI events has led to rising interests in possible therapeutic interventions through the BBB. Recently, the choroid plexus has also been suggested as a potential therapeutic target. The use of biocompatible scaffolds for the delivery of therapeutic agents, but little is known about their interaction with cerebral tissue, which has important clinical implications. Therefore, the authors have sought to investigate the effect of polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/tricalcium phosphate (PCL/TCP) scaffolds on the maintenance of BBB phenotype posttraumatic brain injury. Cranial defects of 3 mm depth were created in Sprague Dawley rats, and PCL and PCL/TCP scaffolds were subsequently implanted in predetermined locations for a period of 1 week and 1 month. Higher endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) expressions from PCL-based scaffold groups (p>0.05) were found, suggesting slight advantages over the sham group (no scaffold implantation). PCL/TCP scaffold group also expressed EBA to a higher degree (p>0.05) than PCL scaffolds. Importantly, higher capillary count and area as early as 1 week postimplantation suggested lowered ischemia from the PCL/TCP scaffold group as compared with PCL and sham. Evaluation of interlukin-1β expression suggested that the PCL and PCL/TCP scaffolds did not cause prolonged inflammation. BBB transport selectivity was evaluated by the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). Attenuated expression of AQP-4 in the PCL/TCP group (p<0.05) suggested that PCL/TCP scaffolds altered BBB selectivity to a lower degree as compared with sham and PCL groups, pointing to potential clinical implications in reducing cerebral edema. Taken together, the responses of PCL-based scaffolds with brain tissue suggested safety, and encourages further preclinical evaluation in PBI management with these scaffolds.


In the Czech language there exists, aside from the 'literary' (standard) language, a spoken form, which is generally regarded as a special and independent code. It has been known as Common Czech (hereafter CC) since Havránek (1934). The differences between CC and the Czech Literary Language (hereafter LC) are quite substantial. They concern not only the lexicon, phraseology and syntax, but also phonemics and morphology.


Cardiac function was evaluated in 40 Type 1 diabetic patients aged less than 30 years and compared with 20 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects using resting and exercise electrocardiography, and echocardiography. The duration of diabetes was from 0.25 to 25 years (mean 10 years), and few patients had microvascular complications. Left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic diameters were similar in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups in mean thickness of the intraventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Fractional shortening and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening as indices of ventricular function were similar in both groups. Left ventricular hypertrophy (Minnesota Code 3, 1) was observed in the resting electrocardiogram of 22 patients and 12 control subjects (NS), but no other significant abnormalities were observed. One diabetic patient developed asymptomatic ST segment depression during exercise electrocardiography. In conclusion, the chamber size, wall thickness, and systolic function of the left ventricle are normal in most young Type 1 diabetic patients who have few microvascular complications.


The rate-distortion-perception function (RDPF; Blau and Michaeli, 2019) has emerged as a useful tool for thinking about realism and distortion of reconstructions in lossy compression. Unlike the rate-distortion function, however, it is unknown whether encoders and decoders exist that achieve the rate suggested by the RDPF. Building on results by Li and El Gamal (2018), we show that the RDPF can indeed be achieved using stochastic, variable-length codes. For this class of codes, we also prove that the RDPF lower-bounds the achievable rate


Introduction: the supraglottic devises were initiallly used only for the respiratory via boarding anatomically diffcult. Today, anesthesiologists arrange different supraglottic for the respiratory via boarding. Objective: to characterize comparatively the performances of the larynx masks I Gel and ProSeal in the boarding of the air passage in patients subject to procedures of breast oncological surgery. Methods: a case control prospective control study blind was carried out at "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital during the period from September 2009 to April 2012.200 subjects intervened were studied with procedures of ontological breast surgery under general balanced anesthesia at random with equal parts in each group. Results: both groups searched presented similar statistics as to age, body weight, physical condition and surgical time. The time of insertion of the mask in the study was significantly inferior to the control group. The average values of P1 and the volume of escape were significantly higher in the control group in each of the moments analyzed. The average values of the PAM and the FC belonging to study and control groups were revealed without significant statistical differences. The only postoperative immediate complication with significant difference outcome for the groups were light swallowing which was absent in the study group. Conclusion: the performance of the larynx mask I Gel was significantly higher than the larynx mask ProSeal.


No satisfactory motivation has been forwarded in favor of any crop yield distribution, including the normal. This article explores the foundations of yield distributions for the Law of the Minimum resource constraint technology at the plot level of analysis. With independent, identical, uniform resource availability distributions the yield skew is positive, whereas it is negative whenever the distributions are normal. Simulations show how asymmetries in resource availabilities determine skewness. It is suggested that a negative yield skew occurs whenever production is tightly controlled so that the left tails of some resources availabilities distributions are thin. Irrigation may increase yield skewness. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.


An extraction of significant information from Internet sources is an important task of pharmacovigilance due to the need for post-clinical drugs monitoring. This research considers the task of end-to-end recognition of pharmaceutically significant named entities and their relations in texts in natural language. The meaning of "end-to-end" is that both of the tasks are performed within a single process on the "raw" text without annotation. The study is based on the current version of the Russian Drug Review Corpus—a dataset of 3800 review texts from the Russian segment of the Internet. Currently, this is the only corpus in the Russian language appropriate for research of the mentioned type. We estimated the accuracy of the recognition of the pharmaceutically significant entities and their relations in two approaches based on neural-network language models. The first core approach is to sequentially solve tasks of named-entities recognition and relation extraction (the sequential approach). The second one solves both tasks simultaneously with a single neural network (the joint approach). The study includes a comparison of both approaches, along with the hyperparameters selection to maximize resulting accuracy. It is shown that both approaches solve the target task at the same level of accuracy: 52–53% macro-averaged F1−score, which is the current level of accuracy for "end-to-end" tasks on the Russian language. Additionally, the paper presents the results for English open datasets ADE and DDI based on the joint approach, and hyperparameter selection for the modern domain-specific language models. The result is that the achieved accuracies of 84.2% (ADE) and 73.3% (DDI) are comparable or better than other published results for the datasets.


There is evidence that alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) is a protein that plays a pivotal role in the production of contractile forces and it is induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). We have analysed the expression of alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, its receptor RI and the activator phospho-Smad2 in (a) fetal growth restriction pre-eclamptic placentae characterised by early onset and absence of end diastolic velocities in the umbilical arteries (FGR-AED) and (b) control placentae accurately matched for gestational age. The study was performed by immunohistochemical, quantitative Western blotting, ELISA, RT-PCR and in vitro analyses. We found that TGF-beta1 stimulates alpha-SMA production in chorionic villi cultured in vitro. In addition, we observed that in vivo TGF-beta1 concentration is significantly higher in FGR-AED placental samples than in control placentae and that this growth factor could have a paracrine action on villous stroma myofibroblasts expressing TGF-beta1 receptors and phospho-Smad2. Indeed, we report that alpha-SMA undergoes a redistribution in FGR-AED placental villous tree, i.e. we show that alpha-SMA is enhanced in medium and small stem villi and significantly decreased in the peripheral villi. Our data allow us to consider TGF-beta1 and alpha-SMA as key molecules related to FGR-AED placental villous tree phenotypic changes responsible for increased impedance to blood flow observable in this pathology.


We report the effect of voltage in a concentrated KCl electrolyte applied to nanostructured TiO2 electrodes during their final preparation processes on photoacoustic (PA) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) current spectra and their modulation frequency dependence to clarify their response characteristics. The PA signal intensities of the TiO2 electrodes with different applied voltage treatments are higher than that without the treatments below the fundamental absorption edge. These results suggest an inner-band transition due to an increase in carrier concentration owing to donor levels formed by partially reduced Ti ions (Ti4+ → Ti3+) following the applied voltage treatments. The PEC spectra for the applied voltage treatments above -1.5 V show broad bands at approximately 3.3 and 3.8 eV. The intensities of all peaks increase rapidly at an applied voltage above -1.5 V, which is similar to that of the PA intensity at a photon energy of 2.0 eV. The increase in the PEC intensity with different applied voltage treatments implies an increase in carrier concentration due to donor level formation by the treatments. The modulation frequency dependence of the PA signal intensity is related to the applied voltage treatments below a frequency of 60 Hz. This indicates the increase in the interfacial thermal resistance to prevent heat diffusion at the interface between the nanostructured TiO2 film and the Ti substrate with the increase in applied voltage. The modulation frequency dependence of PEC current also depends on the applied voltage treatments, indicating the enhancement of the photoexcited electron diffusion response with the increase in applied voltage.


Chemical treatment of human factor VIII by sodium periodate resulted in increased levels of procoagulant activity when measured by the two‐stage assay. Increased levels of factor‐VIII activity were observed following periodate treatment of factor‐VIII concentrates and normal, haemophilic and von Willebrand's disease plasmas. However, sodium periodate treatment of haemophilic plasmas which were completely deficient in factor‐VIII activity did not cause any reduction in the clotting times of two‐stage assays. No increase in procoagulant activity following oxidation of factor VIII could be detected by the one‐stage assay method. Gel filtration of factor‐VIII concentrates before periodate treatment showed that the protein exhibiting factor‐VIII activity had an apparent molecular weight in excess of 1 000 000, whilst after periodate treatment the apparent molecular weight was reduced to 690 000.


This research aims to describe students' mastering of the basic concept about Force and Motion through the Guided Discovery learning model. This research uses pre-experimental one-group pretest-post test design. The research subjects are 25 students in sixth semester in the physics education department who are taking the Capita Selecta of School Physics course. This research uses the Basic Concept Mastering about Forceand Motion Test, and the Students Response Questionnaire for Learning Process instruments. The test data is analyzed using an average normalized gain secure, andthe question naire data are analyzed descriptively. The results show that student (1) has an average of mastering of the basic concept 75.38, an average normalized gain score of individual 0.556 that is smaller than an average normalized gain score of class 0.568 (medium category), and (2) gives a positive response for the learning process, namely 58.33% agree and 38.22% strongly agree, on the Force and Motion topic.


Enterobronchial fistula is a rare condition. The authors describe a 47-year-old man who had a fistula between the small bowel and tracheobronchial tree, 8 years after resection of an adrenal carcinoma. The report illustrates the difficulties in diagnosis and the surgical treatment. In particular, the use of hyperosmolar, water-soluble contrast medium in radiologic investigations is to be avoided and the use of a double-lumen endotracheal tube is mandatory if a general anesthetic must be given. Despite its rarity, enterobronchial fistula can be diagnosed through a carefully taken history, confirmed safely by roentgenography and cured surgically.


Background

COVID19 pandemic has shown the importance of data to manage health crises. Therefore, countries that were more mature regarding using Information Systems (IS) were better prepared to respond to their population needs. Unfortunately, in Angola, such Health Information Systems (HIS) maturity is very low, so new Health Information Technology (HIT) projects must change this scenario.
Objective

Describe the impact of COVID19 on a new health information technology project called "ObsCare Lubango" to collect essential data on deliveries and births at the Maternity Hospital in Lubango-Angola.
Methods

Retrieve data from the notes, communication events of the project management. Also, the collected data regarding obstetrics (pregnancies and childbirth) was from Jan 2019 to Apr 2021 (14 months before COVID19 and 14 months after the beginning of COVID19). The data analyzed were collected from the utilization audit trail that stores the sessions and clicks in the application logs. These logs are then presented in aggregated and anonymized form in a web interface.
Results

The start of COVID19 in Maternity halted the evolution of the health information project implementation. At the beginning of 2020, the usage of ObsCare Lubango was growing steadily (5.9%, 7.5%, 9.4% in the first three months), but rapidly dropped to 0% in the following months after the first of COVID arrived in late March.
Conclusion

COVID19 had a significant impact on the evolution of ObsCare Lubango and heavily impacted the quality of the data collected in the paper. COVID19 will probably increase the digital divide in health care between nations.


BACKGROUND
Previous studies have demonstrated that breastfed newborns spend more time awake than bottle-fed newborns, breastfeeding mothers have more fragmented sleep than bottle-feeding mothers, and mother-newborn sleeping arrangements may affect the sleep/wake pattern of mother-newborn pairs.

OBJECTIVE
To address the unsolved question of whether there is an interaction between type of feeding and sleeping arrangements that affects postpartum sleep during the 4th postpartum week.

DESIGN
Correlational, two-way design using feeding method and location of newborn at night as independent variables, and sleep patterns as the dependent variables.

SETTING
Patient's home during 4th week after giving birth.

PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS
First-time mothers and their newborns (n = 33).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Amount of total sleep, amount of night sleep, number of night awakenings, and number of sleep periods in 24 hours using a modified version of the self-report sleep instrument by Barnard and Eyres.

RESULTS
Breastfed newborns had less total sleep per day than bottle-fed newborns, and breastfeeding mothers had more sleep periods in 24 hours than bottle-feeding mothers. Breastfeeding mothers slept more than bottle-feeding mothers when co-sleeping, but bottle-feeding mothers' sleep was unaffected by location of newborn. Average total sleep for 4-week-old newborns was about 14 hours daily.

CONCLUSIONS
More sleep was obtained when breastfeeding mothers slept with the newborn. Methods or devices that allow breastfeeding mothers and newborns to sleep next to each other in complete safety need to be developed.


This study investigates working parent stress. This study surveyed 240 working mothers who are raising toddlers and 106 teachers in Seoul, Cyeong-gi, and Incheon. For this study, the Parenting Stress scale developed by Kim & Kang (1997) was used as the instruments for measurement and parental stress. To measure maternal separation anxiety, this study used the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale (MSAS) developed by Hock (1989), while the Attitude for Occupation scale developed by Farel (1980) was used to measure the attitude for occupation. In addition, the Preschool Adjustment Questionnaire (PAQ) developed by Jewsuwan, Luster and Kostelink (1992), and modified by Oh Chong Eun (2001) were used as the instruments for measurement and adjustment. Data analysis was done using the SPSS WIN 15.0 version and the collected data were subject to a descriptive statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The influential independent variables affecting parenting stress listed in order of significance were maternal attitude for occupation, adjustment of children, maternal anxiety, and income.


The paper presents the starting premise and the general frame of the Tempus Project CME-02555-96, entitled "Know How Transfer form University to Industry". It is intended to be a study for establishing a frame and methods for communication between academic, scientific and research bodies and industry. This project continues the efforts made in the RENEHEMA Tempus project aiming to support the improvement of communication between higher education and industry. Following the conclusions of the RENEHEMA conference the strategy adopted by the management board focused on the Internet technology and free market mechanisms to fulfill the project objectives.


As biological advances continue to improve the resolution of genomic and proteomic studies, the quality of single cell suspensions is becoming increasingly important. While conventional approaches use enzymes which may require heat Abbreviations: Bulk Lateral Ultrasound (BLU) activation to break down extracellular tissue matrices and gain access to single cells, recent studies have suggested that these harsh biochemical and heat-based treatments may result in genomic and proteomic modulation. To minimize these dissociation artifacts, we have developed an instrument for dissociating cells from various tissue matrices using Bulk Lateral Ultrasound (BLU™) energy. This enzyme-free, gentle mechanical dissociation maintains sample temperatures below 8°C for the duration of processing, resulting in high-fidelity single cell suspensions with comparable viability and live cell counts to those obtained with conventional enzymatic dissociations. Here, in murine-derived brain, heart, lung, and B16 melanoma tumor tissue dissociated by either BLU or by a commercially available dissociation kit which uses enzymes and heat, we compare cell viability and expression of population-specific immunological markers. The dramatic differences observed in cell surface expression suggest that cells dissociated using enzymes and heat may be experiencing stress-induced changes post-harvest that could impact conclusions and impede research progress. Alternatively, using gentle mechanical dissociation with BLU, we demonstrate the preservation of these markers and enable a minimally invasive alternative to obtaining high integrity single cell suspensions. Highlights Novel, acoustic energy-based, enzyme-free dissociation improves single cell suspensions Enzymatic dissociation diminishes cell counts, viability, and surface marker expression Immunophenotyping reveals marker preservation by acoustic-based dissociaton


Individuals experiencing infertility have described their pain as grief. Results of an exploratory survey indicate that persons experiencing infertility use a variety of techniques to cope with their feelings. The authors suggest that infertility grief should be viewed as a process which may require the mastery of ongoing coping strategies and support.


Water chemistry affects the nucleation kinetics, precipitate morphology, and quantity of iron(III) (hydr)oxide nanoparticles, directly impacting the reactive surface area of geomedia and fate of associated waterborne contaminants. In this study, we utilized in situ grazing-incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and complementary ex situ techniques to investigate heterogeneous iron(III) (hydr)oxide nucleation on quartz in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and arsenate. Results indicate unique fractal aggregation behavior in the systems containing NOM and precipitating iron(III) (hydr)oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, the coexistence of arsenic and NOM lead to the formation of two distinct particle size ranges: larger particles dominated by arsenic effects, and smaller particles dominated by NOM effects. These new findings provide important implications for understanding the nucleation, growth, and aggregation of iron(III) (hydr)oxides in aqueous systems where NOM is present, such as natural surface waters and water and wastewater treatment plants. This study also offers new insight into how NOM-associated iron(III) (hydr)oxides can interact with aqueous contaminants such as arsenate.


Glioblastomas are incurable primary brain tumors harboring a heterogeneous landscape of genetic and metabolic alterations. Longitudinal imaging by MRI and [18F]FET-PET measurements enable us to visualize the features of evolving tumors in a dynamic manner. Yet, close-meshed longitudinal imaging time points for characterizing temporal and spatial metabolic alterations during tumor evolution in patients is not feasible because patients usually present with already established tumors. The replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (RCAS)/tumor virus receptor-A (tva) system is a powerful preclinical glioma model offering a high grade of spatial and temporal control of somatic gene delivery in vivo. Consequently, here, we aimed at using MRI and [18F]FET-PET to identify typical neuroimaging characteristics of the platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB)-driven glioma model using the RCAS-tva system. Our study showed that this preclinical glioma model displays MRI and [18F]FET-PET features that highly resemble the corresponding established human disease, emphasizing the high translational relevance of this experimental model. Furthermore, our investigations unravel exponential growth dynamics and a model-specific tumor microenvironment, as assessed by histology and immunochemistry. Taken together, our study provides further insights into this preclinical model and advocates for the imaging-stratified design of preclinical therapeutic interventions.