Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. When diagnosed at an early, localized stage, the five year survival rate is approximately 90%; however, when patients are diagnosed at the metastatic stage, this drops to 12%. Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to a distant organ, is the primary cause of death in cancer patients. In CRC, metastasis is typically found in the liver, asymptomatic, and often detected at the final stage when therapeutic options are few. The genetic and cellular mechanisms driving the early stages of metastasis are still poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that prior to the arrival of cancer cells at the secondary organ, molecular signals from the tumor direct the recruitment of bone marrow derived cells to create a pre-metastatic niche where cancer cells can attach and develop into a metastatic lesion. Identifying and understanding these molecules can lead to the development of methods for early diagnosis or targets for intervention. Using an orthotopic model of CRC liver metastasis, we performed microarray analyses of the liver microenvironment in tumor bearing mice before and after the arrival of metastatic cells. We found that Lipocalin-2 (LCN2, 24p3, NGAL) was highly expressed in the liver and in circulation of mice bearing highly metastatic cells. LCN2 is a 25 kD secreted glycoprotein that binds small lipophilic molecules. Its expression is upregulated in a number of primary tumors of epithelial origin, but its role in metastasis remains unclear. It has contrasting roles in metastasis in breast cancer models and has been associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients; however its role in the tumor microenvironment has not been studied. Our studies thus far show that overexpression of Lcn2 in mouse colon cancer cells either had little impact on tumor growth and invasiveness, or it enhanced invasion in the presence of macrophages; however, it resulted in an overall reduction of circulating iron levels in sera from tumor bearing mice. In-vitro, iron also seems to have an effect in conjunction with Lcn2 on the invasiveness of the tumor cells. The results from this study will allow us to better describe the role of LCN2 in tumor and stromal cells in the early stages of liver metastasis. Citation Format: Daniel Hughes, Celestia Davis, Yu Zhang, John Bonaparte, Maria Pena. The effects of Lipocalin-2 in the early stages of colorectal cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.


The article focuses on the warning about the "strange woman" in Prov 6:20-35. This instruction alludes to the Decalogue and the commandment to instruct children in the Torah, which follows the Schma' Yisrael. As an actualizing interpretation of this tradition, Prov 6:20-35 should be related to the process of canonizing the Torah and dated in the late Persian period. The instruction is written by men and women, a group of the Judean upper class who warn against sexual intercourse with women outside normal marriage relations. In their attempt to preserve existing family ties and social status, the authors create a negative image of women: every woman who is not an obedient wife can be called a "strange" one. In view of the text's ambivalent character, a modern interpretation of Prov. 6:20-35 attentive to gender must criticize the marginalization of women, while at the same time pointing to the contribution of women to this perspective. Recognizing the positive intention of its authors, who see Scripture as a guide for daily life, can help us to maintain the basic intention and at the same time to tell another, modern midrash that treats gender relationships in a more sensitive way.


Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency, an autosomal recessive disorder causing chylomicronemia, has a high prevalence in the French-Canadian population of Quebec. The molecular basis of LPL deficiency has been defined, and two major mutations have been shown to have an uneven geographic distribution. Two mutations, one at residue 188 (M-188) and the other at residue 207 (M-207), are described here; they account for 95% of the mutant alleles. The carrier rate of M-188 was highest in western Quebec (1/326) but that of M-207 was much higher in the eastern part of the province (1/85). Genealogical reconstruction has revealed that both mutations were introduced to the French-Canadian population by migrants from France in the seventeenth century. M-188 is likely to have a Scottish ancestor, whereas M-207 appears to be of French origin.


Severely traumatized incisors in young adults are a very common problem, and one that is difficult to treat because healing of these teeth is not always predictable and implant placement has to be delayed until adulthood. This case report of a horizontal root fracture in an avulsed central incisor illustrates the ability to maintain crucial tooth structure. A lateral socket augmentation procedure after extraction of a root fragment combined with an endodontic and regenerative periodontal treatment approach could preserve natural esthetics and function, which are directly related to quality of life. The preservation of alveolar bone volume following partial root removal will eventually facilitate later placement of a dental implant with an improved esthetic and functional prosthodontic result in a patient with a high-risk esthetic profile.


Data centers play a key role in today's Internet. Cloud applications are mainly hosted on multi-tenant warehouse-scale data centers. Anomalies pose a serious threat to data centers' operations. If not controlled properly, a simple anomaly can spread throughout the data center, resulting in a cascading failure. Amazon AWS had been affected by such incidents recently. Although some solutions are proposed to detect anomalies and prevent cascading failures, they mainly rely on application-specific metrics and case-based diagnosis to detect the anomalies. Given the variety of applications on a multi-tenant data center, proposed solutions are not capable of detecting anomalies in a timely manner. In this paper we design an application-agnostic anomaly detection scheme. More specifically, our design uses a highly distributed data mining scheme over network-level traffic metrics to detect anomalies. Once anomalies are detected, simple actions are taken to mitigate the damage. This ensures that errors are confined and prevents cascading failures before administrators intervene.


As water supplies and availability continue to decline in Texas, it is imperative to adopt the most efficient irrigation systems and management techniques. The focus of this study was to optimize irrigation management techniques for low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and compare resulting cotton lint yields and profitability of these irrigation approaches. Four-year average LEPA and SDI cotton lint yields were 1046 lb/ac and 1171lb/ac, respectively, using only 7.3-in or less of seasonal irrigation water per year. Differences in LEPA and SDI yields are attributed to higher water losses by the LEPA system due to soil surface evaporation. Economic analysis of Texas High Plains cotton production showed that LEPA resulted in higher net returns to management and risk than SDI as irrigation capacity increased above the 0.1 in/d level. However, SDI treatments resulted in net returns of over $80/ac and may be an acceptable alternative where LEPA installation costs are greater than $333/ac, physical constraints prevent the use of LEPA, or SDI installation costs are lower than $800/ac.


Gulf began to investigate 3-D seismic in the mid-1960s. During the late 1960s, modeling was used to simulate acquisition and processing. By the early 1970s, Gulf had completed its first offshore 3-D seismic project. Some of the advantages 3-D seismic has over 2-D are the following. It can help with the refinement of structure and stratigraphic interpretation; it helps define paleogeology; it can reveal details that otherwise are not apparent; it can help define reservoir limits through improved interpretation of structure and hydrocarbon indicators; it is a means of obtaining subsurface control under surface obstructions, such as platforms, rigs, etc; it provides the opportunity to construct profiles in any direction desired; and it lends itself to interactive interpretation. Most certainly, 3-D seismic should improve resolution. This, in turn, helps define the best location possible for both wildcat and development wells. Developing additional reserves with outpost wells and finding new reserves in untested fault blocks are also benefits of improved and detailed seismic control. Using 3-D provides a basis for making the development drilling program efficient (i.e., only drilling the wells needed to drain the reservoirs efficiently). For these reasons, the use of 3-D seismic can be a cost-effective way of finding and developing hydrocarbons. End_of_Article - Last_Page 267------------


An 88-year-old man presented with delirium, and subsequently developed hoarseness and oropharyngeal dysphagia. This was due to skull-based osteomyelitis from necrotizing otitis externa (NOE), causing lower cranial nerve (X, XII) palsies and venous sinus thrombosis. Diagnosis was delayed as the patient reported no otalgia, had an almost normal looking external auditory canal and was not diabetic. He deteriorated and died despite intravenous antibiotics. We need a high index of suspicion for NOE and its complications in patients presenting with otolaryngeal symptoms.


A method for automated construction of a realistic model of the landscape surface using satellite images and height fields as source data is proposed in the paper. A practical example of the landscape model synthesis is considered, performance characteristics of the method are evaluated. Solving the problem of synthesis and imaging of realistic landscape surface in training complexes is integrated and computationally challenging because of the high level of detail of existing landscapes and the need to model their extended regions. The method allows to obtain various types of landscapes in all climatic conditions and provides a basis for developing the vegetative cover synthesis methods. Feature of this method is minimization of the number of textures, used for the model imaging and correspondence of visual and physical landscape models. Automation allows to significantly reduce the amount of manual work, as well as improve the quality of the synthesized landscape model. Computational resources, required for the landscape surface synthesis are minimized, which allows to use cheaper hardware for the imaging system construction and leads to lower price of training complex.


The initial inactivation of prostaglandins (PGs) is mediated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). PGs are potent mediators of several biological processes, including inflammation and reproduction. In uterus, PGs play a key role in infection-induced pregnancy loss, in which concentration of this mediator increased. This process is accompanied with the induction of nitric oxide synthase expression and a marked increase in uterine levels of nitric oxide. There is no information concerning nitric oxide contribution to potential changes in PG catabolism, but experimental evidence suggests that nitric oxide modulates PG pathways. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the protein expression of HPGD (15-PGDH) and to characterize the nitric oxide-dependent regulation of this enzyme in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced embryonic resorption. Results show that LPS decreased HPGD protein expression and augmented PGE synthase activity; therefore, PGE₂ levels increased in uterus in this inflammatory condition. Just as LPS, the treatment with a nitric oxide donor diminished HPGD protein expression in uterine tissue. In contrast, the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis both in control and in LPS-treated mice increased 15-PGDH levels. Also, we have found that this enzyme and PGE₂ levels are not modulated by peroxynitrite, an oxidant agent derived from nitric oxide. This study suggests that LPS and nitric oxide promote a decrease in the ability of the uterus for PG catabolism during bacterially triggered pregnancy loss in mice.


Background : To investigate the characteristic expression of circular RNAs between breast cancer and para-carcinoma tissue, identified hsa-circ-000696 as a novel biomarker for breast cancer.
Methods: 136 patients were recruited in General Hospital of NingXia Medical Universit. Of which 3 patients tissue for microarray analysis, 20 and 113 patients for circRNA expression in tissue and peripheral blood, respectively. The candidate circRNAs was verified by qPCR in BC patients' tissue and peripheral blood. GeneSpring 13.0(Agilent) software were used for analysis the circRNA array data. CircRNA structure were performed by circPrimer1.2 software. MiRanda v3.3,RNAhybrid 2.1 and Cytoscape 3.6.0 were utilized as tools to predict the circRNA-miRNA networks. T-test, Curve regression analysis and ROC analysis were performed to determine the diagnostic values of candidate circRNAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS23.0 software.
Results: 2021 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, of which 546 were upregulated and 1475 were downregulated. Four circRNAs were selected with filter criteria for further verify in BC tissues. Hsa-circ-0006969 was significantly downregulated both in breast cancer tissues and peripheral blood. Hsa-circ-0006969 proved a highest diagnostic value in breast cancer tissues(AUC=0.889), peripheral blood(AUC=0.823) for Grade 1(AUC=0.672), Grade 3(AUC=0.675), ER positive(AUC=0.648), TNM Ⅰ(AUC=0.687) and TNM Ⅱ(AUC=0.769), TNM Ⅲ(AUC=0.757), TNM early stage(Ⅰ, Ⅱ) (AUC=0.751). Hsa-circ-0006969 show more effective diagnostic values of for tumor metastasis (AUC=0.742) compared with CA153 (AUC=0.712).
Conclusion: Has-circ-0006969 could be a novel predictive biomarker for diagnostic and treatment of breast cancer.


Objectives : Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) balance is known to be intricately integrated with nervous system, cervical spine, and meridian system balance. This retrospective study with one-group pretest-posttest design reviewed cervical spine imaging data to provide evidence of spinal alignment improving effect of TMJ balance treatment. Methods : Cervical spine imaging data including computed tomography and simple x-ray of 25 cases with painful condition were reviewed to explore any change in cervical alignment on wearing the intraoral device for TMJ balance treatment of functional cerebrospinal therapy. Results : Cervical spine alignment significantly improved on wearing the intraoral device. Conclusions : TMJ balance treatment improves cervical spinal alignment, which may be a firm basis to proceed with further research of TMJ balance therapy as a way of balancing the whole-body meridian system.


Genome-wide association studies have identified a melanoma-associated locus on chromosome band 7p21.1 with rs117132860 as the lead SNP, and a secondary independent signal marked by rs73069846. rs117132860 is also associated with tanning ability and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). As ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a key environmental exposure for all three traits, we investigated the mechanisms by which this locus contributes to melanoma risk, focusing on cellular response to UVR. Fine-mapping of melanoma GWAS identified four independent sets of candidate causal variants. A GWAS region-focused Capture-C study of primary melanocytes identified physical interactions between two causal sets and the promoter of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene (AHR). Subsequent chromatin state annotation, eQTL, and luciferase assays identified rs117132860 as a functional variant and reinforced AHR as a likely causal gene. As AHR plays critical roles in cellular response to dioxin and UVR, we explored links between this SNP and AHR expression after both 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure. Allele-specific AHR binding to rs117132860-G was enhanced following both, consistent with predicted weakened AHR binding to the risk/poor-tanning rs117132860-A allele, and allele-preferential AHR expression driven from the protective rs117132860-G allele was observed following UVB exposure. Small deletions surrounding rs117132860 via CRISPR abrogates AHR binding, reduces melanocyte cell growth, and prolongs growth arrest following UVB exposure. These data suggest AHR is a melanoma susceptibility gene at the 7p21.1 risk locus, and rs117132860 is a functional variant within a UVB-responsive element, leading to allelic AHR expression, and altering melanocyte growth phenotypes upon exposure.


Metal oxide-supported nanoparticles of the platinum group metals Pt, Rh, and Pd were studied at ambient temperature and atmosphere using Kelvin probe force microscopy. In all cases, the results reveal electron transfer from the metal to the oxide support, which decreases in the order TiO2 > CeO2 ≫ Al2O3, leading to charge polarization at the Schottky-type interfaces analogous to that of a parallel plane capacitor. This polarization cancels out to a large extent for the Kelvin signal. On top of this there is a much smaller number of positive charges at the outer catalyst particle surface, compensated by negative charges near the oxide surface. They show the same trend over the different oxides. These charges determine the constant electrical potential of the metal and are suggested to be the important component of the electronic catalytic metal–support interactions, which are known to be much stronger for reducible than for nonreducible oxides.


The high-frequency dielectric logging tool is analyzed, using first-principle electromagnetic field analysis, to determine characteristics such as tool behavior during measurement in a well logging environment. The theoretical model, a composite boundary value problem, consists of a source backed by an infinite ground plane (the measurement tool) in front of a two-dimensional inhomogeneity (geologic formation) which is divided into regions. The solution in each region is treated analytically in two dimensions, and numerically in one dimension. The one-dimensional problem is solved using the finite-element method, resulting in a conventional eigenvalue problem. This allows the eigenmodes of each region to be found systematically. Once the eigenmodes are found in each region, the solution for the two-dimensional inhomogeneity is obtained by matching boundary conditions at a discontinuity as in the method of mode matching. This gives the reflection and transmission operators characterizing each discontinuity. >


The Czech social policy in the 1990s has been oriented mainly by given economic possibilities and pragmatic political considerations. Thus there are permanently important but rather hidden objectives that can be traced in the social policy development so far: legitimacy ("social acceptability of the reform"), non-increasing, or restricted social expenditure and in consistency with both objectives the intention to eliminate the risk of potential poverty. In the following analysis we are concerned with the question of the social policy effectiveness in terms of poverty elimination. We use the hypothesis of targeting, selectiveness and progressively redistributive effects of social policy. We question the significance of the selected characteristics (as need, generosity, strictness, targeting) for the system's effectiveness. Our analysis suggested that the effectiveness of social transfers in terms of the potential poverty elimination was sufficient in transition. At the same time the analysis draws attention to some limits of the chosen strategy. The complex relationships between generosity - targeting - effectiveness of social policy seem topical with respect to this goal as well as in terms of maintaining the costs of social transfers at an acceptable level.


A fuzzy simplified ART (SART) implementation is now proposed to combine SART architecture with a Kohonen-based soft learning strategy which employs a fuzzy membership function. Fuzzy SART consists of an attentional and an orienting subsystem. The fuzzy SART attentional subsystem is a self-organizing feedforward flat homogeneous network performing learning by examples. During the processing of a given data set, the fuzzy SART orienting subsystem: 1) adds a new neuron to the attentional subsystem whenever the system fails to recognize an input pattern; and 2) removes a previously allocated neuron from the attentional subsystem if the neuron is no longer able to categorize any input pattern. The performance of fuzzy SART is compared with that of the CGR fuzzy ART model when a 2D data set and the 4D IRIS data set are processed. Unlike the CGR fuzzy ART system, fuzzy SART: 1) requires no input data preprocessing; 2) features stability to small changes in input parameters and in the order of the input sequence; and 3) is competitive when compared to other neural network models found in the literature.


We present a class of two-dimensional memristive maps with a cosine memristor. The memristive maps do not have any fixed points, so they belong to the category of nonlinear maps with hidden attractors. The rich dynamical behaviors of these maps are studied and investigated using different numerical tools, including phase portrait, basins of attraction, bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponents. The two-parameter bifurcation analysis of the memristive map is carried out to reveal the bifurcation mechanism of its dynamical behaviors. Based on our extensive simulation studies, the proposed memristive maps can produce hidden periodic, chaotic, and hyper-chaotic attractors, exhibiting extremely hidden multi-stability, namely the coexistence of infinite hidden attractors, which was rarely observed in memristive maps. Potentially, this work can be used for some real applications in secure communication, such as data and image encryptions.


Objective. Intracortical electrical neural recording using solid-state electrodes is a prevalent approach in addressing neurophysiological queries and implementing brain-computer interfacing systems. As a variety of ultra-density microelectrode arrays (ultra-density MEAs) are being created more recently, this paper answers to the rising demand for a more rigorous theory concerning this new type of neural electrode technology, both to guide the proper design and to inform the proper usage. Approach. This design and use problem of ultra-density MEAs for functional intracortical neuronal circuit mapping is approached from a signal analysis perspective. Starting with quantitative derivations of key basic concepts, the concept of ultra-density MEA is defined in the context for fully resolving the voltage sources within its view volume. Then, the principle of using such an ultra-density MEA for functional neural mapping is elaborated, and a recursive approach to completely resolve all voltage sources from the ultra-density MEA's recordings is proposed. This approach is further validated using a simulated experiment. Last, the limitations and implications of this work are discussed. Main results. MEAs can only be used to map the extracellular somatic action potential (esAP) sources in a neural microcircuit, and AP propagation along individual axons cannot be detected. The key for the ultra-density MEA design is to make sure that each spatial unit of analysis (SUA) contains no more than one active esAP source. The unique neural resolving capability of ultra-density MEAs comparing to conventional MEAs is to be able to spatiotemporally resolve each esAP source within its view volume. Significance. The ultimate capability and limitation of neural electrode array technology at such an unprecedented fabrication resolution is unraveled. This work strives to further the discussions on this topic into a more quantitative and rational direction, while providing a theoretical guideline for the rational development and neuroscientific application of an ultra-density MEA for intracortical functional mapping.


Reachability analysis is a method for analyzing the dynamic behavior of a concurrent system. One way of specifying the properties that the behaviors of the system must fullll is to use the branching time temporal logic CTL (Computation tree logic). The process of checking whether the behavior of the system fulllls the speciied property is called model checking. In this work we analyze several algorithms for CTL model checking. The main contribution of this report is a new model checking algorithm with time complexity matching the best existing algorithms, and memory requirements which are either equal or smaller than the existing algorithms, depending on the structure of the system under consideration. The algorithm has a counterexamples and witnesses facility, which is very valuable when trying to nd the cause of incorrect behavior of the system. The presented algorithm is also straightforward to implement eeciently, and we have implemented the algorithm in the PROD tool set.


The main objective of this study is evaluation of the students' viewpoints to the accounting profession in graduate, undergraduate, distance education undergraduate and distance education graduate programs at business administration department of Mugla Sitki Kocman University. In this study, the questionnaire technique was used to collect data. The population of the research is 938 students at business administration department of Mugla Sitki Kocman University in 2014-2015 academic year. 360 valid questionnaires were evaluated. According to the results, affecting factors and lessons front to the accounting profession of business administration students was evaluated according to students' demographic characteristics. It is observed that factors and accounting lessons affect front to the profession vary dependent on students' demographic characteristics.


To the superficial observer, Pakistan's involvement in the Afghan conflict with the USSR was the outcome of an ideological alliance. This study seeks to establish that the roots of this involvement led away from both Afghanistan and ideology to Pakistan's neighbor to the east. The question that is central to this study: did Pakistan have the option of signing an agreement with the USSR between 1983 and 1985 that would end the hostilities?


We present the structure as well as biological, physical and mechanical properties of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood in comparison with that of Norway spruce and selected hardwoods. Fine grain, high homogeneity, low anisotropy, medium to high density, favourable mechanical properties, machining, bonding, and finishing, as well as suitability for bending, are among the main advantages which enable wide use of beechwood. Large amounts of beechwood are currently used as fuel. However, for its optimal use, we should revitalize and increase the production of traditional and new semi-finished products like sawn timber, structural and decorative veneer, composite boards and products of chemical processing. In contrast, for energy purposes we should mainly use the residues from these wood-working procedures. According to the numerous favourable properties of beechwood and fairly good possibilities of increasing its durability, we should focus on the development of innovative products to increase its use for construction purposes in buildings.


The particle acceptance instead of the G-factors has been introduced for a particle telescope. The particle acceptance of a telescope module TEST is simulated by using the GEANT4 Monte-Carlo package. The results are presented and explained.


The need for people to transport goods or send and receive packages across different locations in Nigeria is growing, and the consumers need. Other methods of transporting goods and different companies that handle this transportation have sprung up over the years, but only a small number of these cut across the entire country while still providing an efficient solution. This research presents an innovative solution that simplifies logistics processes for both the consumer and the service provider, from the point of request to the end of delivery, while also addressing other issues involving delivery speed and reliability. The findings of this study show massive agreement with theoretical predictions and a significant improvement over previous research efforts. The work presented in this research has important implications for future studies involving delivery system optimisation and may help solve all problems involving the entire delivery process system in Nigeria and beyond.


Przedstawiono wyniki badan nad litologią i stratygrafią portlandu gornego, beriasu, walanzynu dolnego, barremu, aptu, albu środkowego i gornego, cenomanu i turonu Bydgoszczy. Opracowanie oparto na analizach probek z wiercen; ustalenia stratygraficzne uzasadniono przede wszystkim zespolami mikrofauny. JURASSIC AND CRETACEOUS OF THE BYDGOSZCZ REGION Bydgoszcz is situated on limb of the Pomeranian Swell. Quaternary deposits highly varying in thickness usually overlay here Tertiary or, sometimes, Cretaceous or even Jurassic rocks. Older rocks evidenced by numerous drillings made in this region include Upper Portlandian, Berriasian, Lower Walanginian, Barremian–Aptian, Middle and Upper Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian. Upper Portlandian is represented by claystone-marly rocks of the ostracod zone C, differentiated in the Polish Lowlands (W. Bielecka, J. Sztejn, 1966; S. Marek, J. Sztejn, W. Bielecka, 1969). The stratigraphic position of these rocks is shown by the presence of bivalves. Cyrenidae as well as numerous ostracodes such as Cypridea dunkeri J o n e s, Cypridea binodosa M a r t i n, Cypridea sp., Klieana alata M a r t i n, Rhinocypris jurassica jurassica (M a r t I n), Darwinulla leguminella (F o r be s), Scabriculocypris trapezoides A n d e r s o n. Marine Berriasian deposits are divided into two lithological complexes: lower, comprising markedly sandy, calcareous silts and siltstones, and upper, comprising dark-grey, calcareous and very slightly sandy clay siltstones. The stratigraphic position of these rocks is evidenced by microfaunal assemblage shown in Table 1. The stratigraphic gap between the Jurassic and Cretaceous in the Bydgoszcz. region comprises the uppermost zones of the Portlandian and lower zones of the Berriasian. Lower Walanginian of the Bydgoszcz region is subdivided into three lithological complexes also differing in microfaunal assemblage. It mainly comprises grey-coloured clay, calcareous siltstones. Besides microfauna shown in Table 1, there also occur shells of small bivalves and gastropods which are especially common in lower parts of the profile. Exogyra sinuata predominates here. Barremian and Aptian are represented by a series of noncalcareous fine-grained quartz sands without macro- or microfauna. Middle Albian comprises medium- to coarse-grained sands with admixture of fine quartz gravel and without microfauna, occurring below the base of Upper Albian with microfaunistic record. Upper Albian comprises series of calcareous sands with phosphatic layer at the top and overlain by white marls. Lower part of these marls is assigned to Albian, and upper – to Cenomanian on the basis of microfaunistic datings. The microfaunal assemblage is shown in Table 2. Marly and claystone Cenomanian deposits are assigned to three microfaunistic zones characterized by assemblages shown here in Table 2. The zones I, II, and III, differentiated here, correspond to those differentiated in other parts of the Polish Lowlands (E. Gawor-Biedowa, 1965, 1972). The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary could not be traced in lithology and it was delineated on the basis of changes in foraminifer assemblages. The differences in foraminifer assemblages made it possible to differentiate Turonian a and b (Table 2). The continuity of sedimentation and sequences of foraminifer assemblages throughout the Albian – Cenomanian – Turonian implicate preservation of complete Cenomanian and Turonian in the Bydgoszcz region. The thickness of the Cenomanian and Turonian is estimated at 52 and 52.5 m, respectively.


The interaction of vapor-deposited Al atoms with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HS(CH2)15- CH3 and HS(CH2)15CO2CH3 chemisorbed at Au{111} surfaces was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. For the CH3-terminated SAM, no reaction with C- Ho r C-C bonds was observed. For total Al doses up to 12 atoms/nm 2 , penetration to the Au-S interface occurs with no disruption of the average chain conformation and tilt, indicating formation of a highly uniform 1:1 Al adlayer on the Au. Subsequently, penetration ceases and a metallic overlayer begins to form at the SAM-vacuum interface. These results are explained in terms of an initial dynamic hopping of the -S headgroups on the Au lattice, which opens transient diffusion channels to the Au-S interface, and the closing of these channels upon completion of the adlayer. In contrast, Al atom interactions with the CO2CH3-terminated SAM are restricted to the vacuum interface, where in the initial stages discrete organometallic products form via reaction with the CO 2CH3 group. First, a 1:1 complex forms with a reduced CdO bond and an intact CH3 moiety. Further exposure leads to the additional reaction of about four Al atoms per ester, after which a metallic overlayer nucleates in the form of clusters. After the growth progresses to 30 A, the clusters coalesce into a uniform metallic film. These results illustrate the extraordinary degree of control that organic substrates can exert during the course of metal film formation.


A thermo-controlled pesticide release system composed of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) thin film grafted polydopamine (PDA) (PDMAEMA-g-PDA) microcapsules is reported. SiO2 microparticles are used as a template to prepare PDA-coated SiO2 microparticles. The thermally-responsive PDMAEMA thin films are grafted on PDA surfaces using a metal-free surface-initiated photopolymerization approach without adding any photo-initiator or photosensitizer under UV light irradiation. The subsequent acid etching yields PDMAEMA-g-PDA hollow microcapsules. PDMAEMA-g-PDA microcapsules exhibit well-controlled release of avermectin (Av). The results show that the loading ability of PDMAEMA-g-PDA microcapsules of Av is up to 52.7% (w/w). The release kinetics of Av demonstrate that Av@PDMAEMA-g-PDA microcapsules exhibit temperature-controlled release performance. This work is significant for controlled release systems. This simple design is expected to be used in various applications, such as in controlled drug release and agriculture-related fields.


Summary
The metabolism by suspension-cultured tobacco cells of oligogalacturonides was investigated. Dodecagalacturonic acid-[3H]galactitol induces a rapid and transient alkalinization of the incubation medium resulting in part from enhanced K+ efflux from tobacco cells. However, a threefold higher concentration of dodecagalacturonic acid-[3H]galactitol is required to induce a response with the same amplitude and kinetics as that induced by the unreduced tridecagalacturonic acid. Approximately 20% of the dodecagalacturonic acid-[3H]galactitol added to suspension-cultured tobacco ionically binds to the cell walls within 1 min; maximum binding (approximately 30% of the oligogalacturonide) occurs in approximately 25 min. The unbound dodecagalacturonic acid-[3H]galactitol is rapidly (half-life, 30 min) fragmented to smaller, biologically inactive fragments by a polygalacturonase present in the growth medium. In contrast, the wall-bound dodecagalacturonic acid-[3H]galactitol is not degraded for at least 150 min. However, the kinetics, amplitude and duration of oligogalacturonide-induced ion fluxes are not correlated with the rate at which oligogalacturonides are converted to biologically inactive fragments. We propose that the transient nature of the oligogalacturonide-induced responses is likely to result from a temporary desensitization of the plant cells to the bioactive oligogalacturonides.


This research suggests the improving Sine Cosine algorithm and Arithmetic optimization algorithm (SCA-AOA), and the application in two directions: First, in special functions (N-P hard) problems; second, in code analysis and decryption for the method of encryption substitution of simple cipher. The proposed algorithm mathematically simulates the behavior of SCA and Arithmetic algorithm behavior in Mathematical. The measure of SCA-AOA has been measured on a set of test functions to know the power of its performance and efficiency, and verify and compare it with SCA and AOA, each one alone. The numerical results have proved that the proposed algorithm (SCA-AOA) is able to present excellent results as compared with SCA-AOA itself. The applied results have proved that the proposed algorithm is able to analyze and break code. It could also avoid the falling the local solution and reaching to the global optimum resolutions in majority of functions that have been applied on. The adoptive Fuzzy SCA-AOA has been proposed and used in analyzing cipher text and breaking the code by merging the proposed algorithm SCA-AOA with properties of fuzzy logic. Moreover, the simple encoding method is explained and used to encode the proposed text. The method of masking by images is explained and used to hide text. The standards are used to measure the image resolution and find the image resolution. The encrypted text was analyzed and returned to the explicit text using the proposed method, SCA-AOA and Fuzzy SCA-AOA both separately, and the code for the encryption was broken by the proposed method.


The basic composition (The total protein, total carbohydrate, total lipid, crude fiber and ash content of each mushroom were studied on dry weight contents were determined in the cultivated mushrooms Agaricus bisporus/ white, Agaricus bisporus/brown, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus and they ranged from 28.38-49.2, 1.54- 4.96, 13.2-29.02 and 7.01-17.92, respectively. This study suggested that cultivated mushrooms were in rich of protein and fiber with low fat content. Hence these nutrients contents made mushroom as a low energy, healthy foodstuff and these mushrooms may also be used as protein supplementary diet.


Nowadays, the Industry and Enterprise are realizing the importance in formalizing psychological competences (emotional intelligence1, personality traits2, and soft skills3) of their employees. Until now, psychological competences have been neglected by them (Bennour 2004). These competences have been considered not as important as hard skills (enGauge 2006, Goleman et al 2002). However, the Industry and Enterprise are changing their point of view. They start to accept the effective importance of the psychological aspects used to select and evaluate the adequate personnel. Psychological competences make possible to attribute a psychological identity to each employee facilitating the creation of more successful work teams. People have an affiliation motive and the tendency to construct Social Networks searching people with similar psychological identity (McPherson et al 2001). Psychologists affirm that the productivity is bigger if we are working in a team formed by people with a complementary / heterogenic (Bradley and Hebert 1997; Mohammed and Angell 2003) psychological identity. In order to allow a healthy and productive interpersonal relationship in work teams, we propose to fill the gap by using the psychological identity and reputation to recommend peers to form effective work teams.


Web surfing has become a popular activity for many consumers who not only make purchases online, but also seek relevant information on products and services before they commit to buy. The authors propose a web recommender that models user habits and behaviors by constructing a knowledge base using temporal web access patterns as input. Fuzzy logic is applied to represent real-life temporal concepts and requested resources of periodic pattern-based web access activities. The fuzzy representation is used to construct a knowledge base of the user's web access habits and behaviors, which is used to provide timely personalized recommendations to the user. The proposed approach is applicable to delivery of recommendations on consumers' portable devices because compute-intensive processing is performed offline and in advance. With the increasing availability and popularity of webenabled consumer mobile devices, it is believed that the CE world of tomorrow will be increasingly web-oriented. Experiments conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach have shown very good results.


Objective: Despite the importance of accurate assessments in people taking medication, an overview of research on measurement properties of medication adherence assessments in adults at risk with metabolic syndrome (MS) is lacking. The purpose of this study was to present a systematic review (SR) of available published studies that evaluated measurement properties of generic self-reported instruments assessing medication adherence in adults at risk with MS. Design and method: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in January, 2015. The methodological quality of studies reporting on each questionnaire was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist: reliability, validity, responsiveness, and interpretability. Results: Of 44 relevant studies reviewed, this SR identified 32 studies using Classical Test Theory and 14 self-reported medication adherence instruments (e.g., ASK, Hill-Bone scale, MMAS, SEAMS). More than half of the studies included patients with hypertension (59.4%), then diabetes (37.5%), dyslipidemia (15.6%), and increased BMI (3.1%). Among the measurement properties, internal consistency (87.5%), hypothesis testing (81.3%), and structural validity (75.0%) were frequently assessed items, whereas there was only one study that evaluated responsiveness, and none evaluated measurement error. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) (43.8%) and Hill-Bone scale (15.6%) were the most frequently used instruments and were found to be well validated with strong evidence for internal consistency, reliability, structural validity, hypothesis testing, and criterion validity. Conclusions: MMAS-8 and Hill-Bone scale seem to be well-validated instruments to assess medication adherence in adults at risk with MS including hypertension. The findings may assist with selection of the appropriate instruments to assess medication adherence in this population. However, further studies might be needed for concept definition to better understand dimensions in each medication adherence instrument (i.e., knowledge, motivation, behaviors, and barriers). *This research was support by National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2059806).


Autoinflammatory liver disease represents an important aspect of global hepatological practice. The three principal disease divisions recognized are autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Largely, but not exclusively, these diseases are considered to be autoimmune in origin. Increased recognition of outlier and overlap syndromes, changes in presentation and natural history, as well as the increased awareness of IgG4‐associated sclerosing cholangitis, all highlight the limitations of the classic terminology. New insights continue to improve the care given to patients, and have arisen from carefully conducted clinical studies, therapeutic trials, as well as genetic and laboratory investigations. The challenges remain to treat patients before liver injury becomes permanent and to prevent the development of organ failure.


The article presents the changes in the level and distribution of seasonal fluctuations in the prices of potato in Poland in the years 1995-2014. It was found a strong decline of seasonal price fluctuations, resulting primarily from the flattening of seasonal price increases during the summer, and the disappearance of seasonal price declines in the spring. In addition to the structural determinants represented in the model by the time variable changes in price seasonality was affected by interest rates.


When describing in this Journal the raised and consolidated deep-sea oozes which occur in the island of Barbados, we experienced great difficulty in comparing our analyses of these deposits with those made by Dr. Brazier of the corresponding recent oozes. This was especially the case with the 'red clays' and, in a less degree, with the other deposits. In the paper above referred to we remarked that 'if the Challenger samples of red clay which contained only small amounts of calcium carbonate and the samples of the Barbados argillaceous earths had been analysed by similar methods, a close resemblance in composition would have been found in them; and the differences would have been such only as would arise from the action of percolating water containing organic acids upon the Barbados deposits, from which the calcium carbonate and the iron peroxide present in a limonitic form would be leached out.' We know that the analyses published in the 'Challenger' Report on Deep-Sea Deposits were made before Dr. Murray was placed in charge of the 'Challenger' Office and that he was fully aware of their shortcomings, as testified by his discussions of them in different parts of the Report. It is especially to be regretted that the analyses of the 'red clays' were not made on a more satisfactory plan, for the method employed by Dr. Brazier was not calculated to bring out the real mineralogical composition of these deposits. Dr. Murray very kindly placed at our disposal a typical sample of


As composite laminates have become essential to numerous modern industries, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) strategies have to be implemented in order to manage the aging of structures made out of composite materials. In this paper, we present and compare two approaches involving solid and plate Spectral Elements (SE) in the time domain, with respect to their ability of modeling composite delamination: a task which lies in the context of modelbased data processing for non destructive evaluation techniques with Guided Waves (GWs). To this end, we review the multilayer flat shell delamination model [1], and propose a singlelayer alternative by extending the Layered Solid Spectral Element (LSSE) [2] method by means of partition of unity enrichment functions [3].These approaches are then compared in a numerical example with different damage scenarios. Finally, conclusions on the benefits and drawbacks of these two strategies are presented.


Abstract. This research is based on the projects that Fuzhou has carried out and in developing, regarding to historical building survey, registration, documentation, publication, construction, and daily management business. It integrates smart technologies such as geographic information technology and visualization technology to develop a historical building conservation management database and Fuzhou historical building conservation planning management system. The construction of Fuzhou historical building conservation planning management system, promoted the reconstruction of historical building management processes, achieved efficient and advanced administrative management, achieved scientific and intelligent conservation of historical buildings, and improved the conservation and management of Fuzhou historical buildings in the field of technology level.


Since the inauspicious events of 2013-2014, Ukraine is in domestic and international turmoil. The Russian annexation of the Crimea was the first major act of its kind since the Second World War. Likewise, the downing of Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 shocked the world. The political consequences remain to this day. In all convolutions, domestic and foreign politicians often appealed to history. Conflicting perceptions of history are an essential element of the so-called 'Ukraine Crisis'. This study demonstrates that political usage of history did not appear out of thin air. Ever since Ukraine became independent in 1991 politicians and historians sought to reinterpret the country's complicated past. Inspired by nationalist ideology they tried to give Ukraine a national 'European history'. To this, adherents of the old Soviet-style of Ukrainian history responded with vigour. Creating a tense political atmosphere wherein both sides polarized Ukrainian society around two extremes. Ukraine is not unique: since 1991, historians and politicians in Europe and Russia have also sought to redefine interpretations of history. While post-Communist Europe wanted to revaluate the meaning of communist and Nazi totalitarian rule, Western Europe sought to protect a narrative that sees Nazi crimes as the blackest page of history. On the other hand, Russia increasingly depends on presenting the Second World War as a great triumph. By contrasting the developments in Ukraine with other European and Russian experiences this study asks difficult but much-needed questions about what history means in our present.


Background. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has produced remissions in patients with solid tumors, predominantly malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Recently, clinical trials have assessed the therapeutic benefit of this cytokine in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, little is known about the potential of IL-2 to promote the growth of leukemic cells in vivo. Methods. A patient with acute myelocytic leukemia whose leukemic blasts displayed lymphoid (TdT+ and CD4+) and myeloid features (myeloperoxidase [MPO]+ and CD13+) is reported. The IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25 antigen) was present on 28.9% of his blasts. After entering complete remission with chemotherapy, he was treated on a protocol using IL-2 maintenance. Results. Six weeks after beginning low-dose IL-2, his leukocyte count increased to 448,0OO/p1 with 86% blasts. The phenotype of these blasts was different from that at diagnosis with expression of the CD25 antigen and the CD33 antigen on 75.9% and 74.8 of the blasts, respectively. Furthermore, 30% of the cells were TdT+, whereas MPO was not detectable. Conclusion. The rapid course of relapse, phenotypic evolution, and the high expression of CD25 antigen on the blasts after IL-2 therapy raise the possibility that the cytokine therapy may have promoted the growth of leukemic cells. Cancer 1995; 75:1594-7.


ABSTRACT Semaphorins are a large family of proteins characterized by sema domains and play a key role not only in the formation of neural circuits, but in the immune system, angiogenesis, tumor progression, and bone metabolism. To date, 15 semaphorins have been reported to be involved in the formation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in higher vertebrates. A number of experiments have revealed their functions in the PNS, where they act mainly as axonal guidance cues (as repellents or attractants). Semaphorins also play an important role in the migration of neurons and formation of sensory-motor connections in the PNS. This review summarizes recent knowledge regarding the functions of higher vertebrate semaphorins in the formation of the PNS.


Tai Chi Chuan and Wai Tan Kung exercises are popular and have been widely
 used especially in the elderly. Tai Chi and Wai Tan Kung is low impact activity
 in mild until moderate intensity. Possible gymnastics Tai Chi and Wai Tan Kung
 can affect the improvement of VO2 max and blood lipid profile. The cross
 sectional study was conducted. Subjects in this study were elderly members
 of the Tai Chi Chuan (20), Wai Tan Kung, (20) and sedentary people (20) as
 control group. The VO2 max and blood lipid profile (Total triglycerides, total
 cholesterol, LDL, HDL) was measured. The results, Tai Chi exercise improved
 VO2 max, blood total cholesterol and LDL level. There are no significant
 difference of blood total triglycerides and HDL level between Tai Chi, Wai Tan
 Kung and elderly sedenter.


A 28 GHz sub-harmonically pumped passive down conversion mixer fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process is demonstrated. A low power fully differential LO frequency doubler is designed to generate at near half RF frequency. The proposed sub-harmonically pumped passive mixer has advantages in low power consumption, high fundamental frequency suppression, and suitable apply to millimeter-wave frequencies. At 28 GHz RF frequency and 13.2 GHz LO frequency, the measured conversion loss of the mixer is less than 11 dB, single side band noise figure of 11.6 dB, the isolations among LO, IF and RF are over 33 dB, and a third-order intercept point at the input of 8 dBm, while dissipating total current of 0.6 mA from 1 V supply. To the authors' knowledge, the design achieves the highest figure of merit among published down-conversion mixers operating at similar millimeter-wave frequencies in comparable silicon based technology


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a system through the application of which at organizational levels, companies can achieve their goal of homogenizing present functions in order to make a homogenous enterprise possible. Developers have been coping with a certain degree of complexity in the processes of designing and establishment of planning and organizational resource systems. Categorizing factors and relations with the purpose of transcending details and making holistic views possible is one of the methods for fighting the so-called complexity. This type of categorization is called software architecture. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a coherent and homogenous architecture for ERP systems via combining event-based and service-oriented architecture models. By means of introducing a modular framework for ERP systems, we divide systems into cores and independent modules, and then design a structure through combining event-based and service-oriented architectures for each section. Also in order to establish contact and information exchange both among sub-systems and between sub-systems and the core system, we have utilized an information exchange method based on XML. And simulating the so-called method in the Enterprise Architecture environment, we have improved the technological infrastructure and intractability in organizations to converge information technologies with business environments.


Abstract. Previous observations on the reproductive biology and gametogenesis of Branchiomma luctuosum (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) were extended in this study, with a description of larval development and of reproduction at the population level, comparing populations from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Ischia, Naples) and Ionian Sea (Gulf of Taranto). Although B. luctuosum is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, producing both male and female gametes in each fertile segment, present observations seem to preclude self-fertilization. Both gametes were spawned under laboratory conditions, and broadcasting was confirmed by sperm structure, which appears adapted for external fertilization. Larval development revealed the shortest pelagic period known for sabellids of similar size and life history. Oogenesis was prolonged and extraovarian. The Ionian population seemed to have a resting period during which eggs, having already begun vitello-genesis, remained at a diameter of about 30 μm. After this period, rapid growth was observed: the oocytes reached maximum diameter (140 μm) in about 2 months. The spawning period began earlier and lasted longer in the Ionian population, compared to the Tyrrhenian population. This pattern seems to be due to asynchronous vitellogenesis within individuals. Documenting the reproductive features of this species will help us to understand its role as a primary colonizer, since hermaphroditism and a short pelagic phase may produce high population densities starting from only a few individuals.


In the present study, replication of microstructured surfaces by microinjection molding was carried out. For a fabrication of mold inserts, nickel microstructures having various characteristic dimensions were fabricated by nickel electroforming onto Si mother microstructures. In addition, reverse nickel microstructures based on the electroformed nickel microstructures were successfully realized by electroforming with passivation process. The fabricated nickel microstructures were used as mold inserts for a replication of microstructured surfaces by microinjection molding. Microinjection molding experiment was carried out under three different processing conditions, which revealed effects of a packing stage and mold wall temperature. The microinjection-molded microstructured surfaces were characterized by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). It was found that mold wall temperature could enhance replication quality, resulting in the precise microstructured surfaces.


Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant mesenchymal tumor with an aggressive behavior. Diagnoses of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma are established based on histomorphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings. Only one case of extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) of the uterus has been reported. This article presents the second case of primary uterine EMC, occurring in a 33-year-old woman. We describe the histological and immunophenotypical features of EMC. Our observations will help pathologists and clinicians perform accurate histological diagnoses of uterine EMC and plan appropriate treatment strategies for this rare tumor.


"This course is designed to provide advanced sociology students with an in-depth understanding of family structure and family functioning. To this end, this course will address issues related to fatherhood this semester. It is assumed that students have s


Sensing displacements at the nanoscale is the basis for many metrology applications, in particular atomic-force microscopy. Displacement sensing with nano-optomechanical structures provides interesting opportunities for integration, but it typically features a small dynamic range due to the near-field nature of the sensor-sample interaction. Here, a far-field sensing approach based on a grating coupler is considered and an analytical model used to tune its performance is introduced. The proposed model allows exploiting the full range of design parameters and thereby optimizing resolution and dynamic range. The compact size of the sensor and the possibility of integrating it with an on-chip laser and detector make it very promising for fully-integrated optical sensing systems.


This accounts for a field experiment in the context of a MSc program aimed at fostering cooperation and group learning. Building on an opportunity brought about by a strongly increasing heterogeneity of the student intake, we developed a peer-review system over two years. The main aim of this peer-review system was to bolster the development of strategies for cooperation inside and outside of the classroom over the academic year. Overall the experiment showed that - on average - peer-reviewing was strongly contributing to the development of cooperation strategies. Secondary insights derived from the experiments included the ideas that a smart grouping is important for the ability to develop efficient cooperation strategies, that peer-reviewing generates winners and losers in the sense that a few groups may fail to reach a functional state, that individuals tend to specialize in their role within the group, and this specialization correlates with self-perception and perception by others.


This slightly belated note on this important decision of the Privy Council on an appeal from the Court of Appeal of Trinidad and Tobago is perhaps excusable because of the continued absence of judicial explication in Singapore of the right to counsel. The American detective drama scenario of a policeman clasping handcuffs on a suspect whilst reciting the arrested person's right to engage a lawyer (amongst other things) is familiar to most of us. This decision of the Privy Council may well lead the way in founding a similar constitutional obligation on the part of the police in Singapore.


Prime Minister Papandreou originally presented this speech as the Keynote Address to the IADC's 2015 Midyear Meeting held in Marco Island, Florida on February 18, 2015.I. Where Greece was and is today - Bond SpikesWHEN I first received your invitation - in mid-September of last year - there was an accepted view of the Greek and euro economic crisis that we were making real progress. The ten-year Greek bonds were yielding about 5%. Today, it seems we are back in crisis mode. One telltale sign is the fact that yields earlier this month were as high as 11%. (See Figure 1.)As bond markets saw that we might go - as we finally did - to a snap election in January, there was a huge spike in bond yields. What was this all about?Voters in Greece frustrated after six years of recession and five years of austerity, which has cost us a loss of 25% of our GDP, decided to change course. A new government was elected by promising completely different policies. But is it that easy? Is it a matter of simply changing a government? Or asking the people through a referendum which I attempted to push through?That would be a triumph of democracy.When I called for a referendum, I was immediately summoned to Cannes, where the G20 was to meet. Nicholas Sarkozy, then President of France, who chaired the G20, warned me, "The markets will go haywire." He was dead against the referendum. No, the people could not have a say!No wonder our citizens around the world mistrust politics. They see politicians as impotent and believe that the average citizen has little influence. Most believe that little can change and that everything is futile. Politicians around the world are getting blamed. But are they to blame? Or are they getting a bad rap? Let me take you on a trip through some of my experiences.II. Personal StoriesBefore I get into the gory details of the crisis in Europe, let me introduce myself- and why I feel strongly about the future of our democracies- by way of some personal stories.I was born in St Paul, Minnesota in 1952. We soon moved to California, where I grew up. My father fled from a Greek dictatorship in the 1940s and got a PhD in economics from Harvard. The family moved to Berkeley when he became head of the economics department. As an interesting side note, my father actually became a U.S. citizen and served in the U.S. Navy in World War II. In the early 1950s, he was head of Hubert Humphrey's campaign in the state of Minnesota.But I can assure you, growing up I was well aware of my Greek identity. I heard plenty of bedtime stories from my grandmother about Greek gods. I was always reminded of my Greek heritage because every time one of my teachers called out .my last name half the class would burst out in laughter.No, I was not a Jones or a Smith. It was a time when ethnic names were not popular. So my classmates usually changed my name to GP or Pappy or even Curious George, because my protruding ears reminded them of the famous monkey. Actually, I rather liked the Curious George nickname. He was one of my favorite characters, always trying to discover and always getting into trouble. Maybe it was a sign of what was in store for me later on in life.I first travelled to Greece around six years old. Starting out in California, my parents threw the four kids, three boys and one girl, into the back of the station wagon-no seat-belts then- and we took a week, from motel to motel, to get to New York.Upon arriving in New York, we sold the car and took an ocean liner to Greece, another two-week trip to the port of Piraeus. I still remember my grandfather, a tall and lanky man with a top hat, waiting for us on the dock. I was his namesake and he greeted me first. He grabbed my ear, pinched my cheek and then slapped me in the face."Uh-oh," I thought, "I'm already in trouble. What did I do?"But 1 soon learned that that was his show of deep emotion and overwhelming love for me. …


I. INTRODUCTION Economic development in Indian Country, the topic of this symposium issue, is nearly synonymous with tribal gaming. No other modern industry has had such a substantial economic impact on tribal economies, and no other tribal industry has made such significant contributions outside of tribal economies. Just two decades ago, as Congress deliberated over the bill that would become the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 (IGRA), (2) Indian gaming consisted of a few tribes' high-stakes bingo halls and card rooms in a handful of states. Today tribal gaming is one of the fastest growing segments of legalized gambling in the United States, fed by the robust demand for casino gaming. In 1988, Indian gaming in a few bingo halls earned about $121 million; in calendar year 2007, revenues from 425 gaming facilities operated by 230 tribes in 28 states topped $26.5 billion (3). How did Indian gaming become a multi-billion-dollar industry? What are its economic and fiscal impacts, both on and off the reservation? And what does the future hold for Indian gaming and tribal economic development? We take up each of these questions in turn. II. A BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIAN GAMING A. CALIFORNIA V. CABAZON BAND OF MISSION INDIANS The modern Indian gaming industry has its roots in the relatively modest bingo halls and card rooms operated by a number of tribes, most notably in California and Florida, in the late 1970s and 1980s. Almost as soon as tribes opened high-stakes bingo halls, states worked to close them. (4) By relying on the general principle of federal Indian law that states may not regulate tribal lands or tribal governments, tribes created a market advantage: tribes could offer games with higher stakes, longer hours, and bigger jackpots than were allowed under state regulations. (5) In 1987, the year before Congress enacted IGRA, the U.S. Supreme Court decided California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. (6) The case arose out of California's attempts to close a high-stakes bingo hall operated by the Cabazon Band of Mission Indians on its reservation near Palm Springs. As California law permitted charitable bingo games, but limited jackpot amounts and restricted the use of revenue to charitable purposes, the state considered the tribe's bingo games illegal. California acknowledged that states ordinarily lacked authority over tribal lands, but argued that Public Law 280 authorized application of California's bingo regulations on the tribes' reservations. (7) Enacted in 1953, Public Law 280 gave certain states, including California, a broad grant of criminal jurisdiction and a limited grant of civil jurisdiction over tribes within their borders. (8) The Cabazon Court explained that if California's gambling laws were criminal prohibitions against gambling, the state could enforce them against the tribes under Public Law 280 (9). The extent of the state's civil jurisdiction was another matter. In an earlier case, the Supreme Court had ruled that Public Law 280's grant of civil jurisdiction did not provide broad authority for state regulation generally but rather was limited to private civil litigation in state court--that is, the statute conferred adjudicatory, rather than regulatory, civil jurisdiction. (10) Thus, if California's gambling laws were civil regulatory laws, the state did not have authority to enforce them against the tribes. The "criminal/prohibitory-civil/regulatory" distinction required examination of state public policy concerning gambling to determine whether state law constituted a criminal prohibition against gambling generally or mere civil regulation of legalized gambling. At the time, California operated a state lottery and permitted pari-mutuel horserace wagering, bingo, and card games. "In light of the fact that California permits a substantial amount of gambling activity, including bingo, and actually promotes gambling through its state lottery," the Cabazon Court reasoned, "we must conclude that California regulates rather than prohibits gambling in general and bingo in particular. …


The article reveals the main milestones of the 90-year life and scientific work of Petro Petrovich Kononenko - Doctor of Philology, Professor, prominent Ukrainian scholar, literary critic, writer and playwright, initiator of the Ukrainian National Lyceum, founder and director of the National Research Institute of Ukraine. The often mentioned village of Markivtsi, Bobrovytsia district, Chernihiv region, where P. Kononenko was born on May 31, 1931, is the cradle, the first sounds, the first words of the Ukrainian language, and the first knowledge of Ukraine in native people - all for the first time and all native. Milestones in life are graduating from high school in his native village, Faculty of Philology of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University, obtaining the degrees of candidate, doctor of philology, academic titles of associate professor and professor, work as head of the Department of History of Ukrainian Literature, dean of the Faculty of Philology. Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Researchers of his work M. Velychko and M. Slavynsky define the creative mission and works of PP Kononenko as follows: poet, prose writer, playwright, literary critic and literary critic, whose works have been translated into English, Bulgarian, Spanish, German, Polish, Croatian, Georgian. Tatar and other languages. Author of almost 1000 scientific publications and 50 monographs, including: "In Search of the Essence", "Village in Ukrainian Literature", "Ukrainian Literature: Problems of Development", textbook for higher education institutions "Ukrainian Studies", "Love Your Ukraine…", " Mykhailo Hrushevsky "," The Phenomenon of the Ukrainian Language "," Ukrainian Ethnos: Genesis and Perspectives "," National Idea, Nation, Nationalism "," We ??Have One Ukraine "(books I, II, III) - co-authored with Taras Kononenko, "Ukrainian land and people in world civilization and culture" (books I, II), "Ukrainians in world civilization and culture. The historical phenomenon of Stepan Bandera ". The works of the recognized master of the word include the tragedy "Mary on Calvary", selected "Voices in the Desert", a collection of poems "Sunny Phoenix". On the eve of P. Kononenko's 90th birthday, his large-format four-volume memoir and reflections "One Hundred Years - One Hundred Roads… Ukraine and Ukrainian Studies: Origin - Executions - Resurrection" were published. In addressing the readers of the four-volume book, the content of which is reviewed in the article, P. Kononenko calls his work a reflection on Ukraine and the science of Ukrainian studies in intellectual, mental, experiential and mental perception, and thus interpretation, predictability and planning of the future. The personal perception of Ukraine by the author of the four-volume book, world Ukrainians, Ukrainian studies, the fate of Ukraine as the fate of everyone, its role and mission in intellectual-logical and emotional-emotional phenomenality, interdependence of historical and psychological perspectives, philosophical-ideological and psychological-cultural assessment and opportunities for human progress. Among the real characters of the four-volume book, the article reveals the psychology of "residents of profit and career, adapters", who grew in the tragic circumstances of foreign colonization of Ukraine, the beginning in January 1972 in Kiev and other cities of Ukraine mass arrests of Ukrainian KGB poets, artists, students, to whom P. Kononenko is almost the first among other authors. The origin of the idea and foundation of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies, an example of which was created by Omelyan Prytsak for the preservation and development of Ukrainian cultural heritage "Institute of Ukrainian Studies" at Harvard University, "School Board" in the US and Canada, which manages schools of Ukrainian studies, development of the Center 1988 at the Faculty of Philology of the Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, and with it the Institute of Ukrainian Studies and its state status. The chronology of the transformation of this scientific institution into the Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies in the sphere of management of the Ministry of Education and Science and the transfer of the building at 18 Isaakyana Street in Kyiv for its placement are given. The reasons for counteracting the institutional development of Ukrainian studies in modern Ukraine, which still preserves the Soviet system of organization of communist-style science, further strengthened by its communist and post-communist functionaries, are analyzed. P. Kononenko's reasoning that the phenomenon of synthesis of Ukrainian studies should be anthropology, and the generator of knowledge - the Institute of Man. The conclusions consider the achievements of the future, which include the causal conditionality of Ukrainian authenticity at each stage of the favorable historical development of the Ukrainian nation, determined by the functioning of statehood in the exercise of its protective function.


The first part of this investigation focused on the synthesis and characterization of a hyperbranched intumescent flame-retardant (HIFR) agent. Two steps were used in the synthetic process. The structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The second part focused on the application of HIFR agent into natural rubber (NR) composites. The cure characteristics, tensile properties, wear resistance, and flame-retardant property of HIFR/NR composites were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the addition of this HIFR agent into NR led to an improvement in its physicomechanical and flame-retardant properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.


In an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which saturated and unsaturated fats influence cholesterol metabolism, cholesterol synthesis in rat liver slices and the excretion of cholesterol end products into the bile of rats was studied during variations in the type and quantity of dietary fat. Neither 30% lard nor 30% corn oil diets had any effect on either the excretion of total cholesterol-C14 end products or of cholesterol itself into bile. Furthermore, the feeding of lard or corn oil, at either the 10% or 30% level, had no effect on the rate of conversion of acetate or mevalonate to cholesterol. These studies are interpreted as suggesting that the effects of saturated and unsaturated fats on cholesterol levels in rats are mediated at some phase of cholesterol metabolism other than the hepatic synthesis or hepatic degradation and excretion of this sterol.


In Delgamuukw v. British Columbia the Supreme Court claimed to have grounded the Canadian law of aboriginal title neither exclusively in the common law nor exclusively in aboriginal legal systems. It has since been pointed out that, because of the inter-societal nature of the questions posed by the law of aboriginal title, it should be based in "higher order" principles of justice. This paper argues that the law as set out in Delgamuukw and the cases that have followed it is based on a hybrid of Lockean and Hegelian arguments justifying aboriginal title to the lands these groups have occupied. This mix of arguments based on labour desert and embodiment of cultural will in turn explains the content and limits of aboriginal title, including the apparent exclusion of nomadic peoples from title claims, the restriction of uses to which title lands can be put, and the limits on the alienation of title lands. Yet the Lockean and Hegelian frameworks contradict each other at a number of points, and I argue that these contradictions have been the source of much of the criticism of the Delgamuukw decision. In the next two parts of the paper, I examine the possibility of rooting the law of aboriginal title either exclusively in Lockean or Hegelian justificatory frameworks. Each in turn is rejected on the basis of internal contradictions and intuitively problematic results. In the final section of the paper, I then sketch out an alternative set of justificatory arguments for the law of aboriginal title which is based on utilitarian ideas. Under this model, fully alienable title without paternalistic limits on use could be justified in a coherent manner for all aboriginal peoples, including traditionally nomadic groups.


INTRODUCTION Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections. They are associated with longer post-operative hospital stays, additional surgical procedures, treatment in intensive care units and higher mortality.MATERIAL AND METHODS Surgical site infections (SSIs) were detected in patients hospitalized in a 40-bed orthopaedics ward via continuous surveillance in 2009–2018. The total number of study patients was 15,678. The results were divided into two 5-year periods before and after the introduction of the SSI prevention plan. The study was conducted as part of a national healthcare-Associated Infections surveillance programme, following the methodology recommended by the HAI-Net, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Program (ECDC). RESULTS 168 SSIs were detected in total, including 163 deep SSIs (SSI-D). The total SSI incidence rate was 1.1%, but in hip prosthesis: 1.2%, in knee prosthesis: 1.3%, for open reduction of fracture (FX): 1.3%, for close reduction of fracture (CR): 1.5%, and 0.8% for other procedures. 64% of SSI-D cases required rehospitalisation. A significantly reduction in incidence was found only after fracture reductions: FX and CR, respectively 2.1% vs. 0.7% (OR 3.1 95%CI 1.4-6.6, p<0.01) and 2.1 vs. 0.8% (OR 2.4 95%CI 1.0-5.9, p<0.05). SSI-Ds were usually caused by Gram-positive cocci, specially Staphylococcus aureus, 74 (45.7%); Enterobacteriaceae bacillis accounted for 14.1% and Gram-negative non-fermenting rods for 8.5%. CONCLUSIONS The implemented SSI prevention plan demonstrated a significant decrease (about 2.5-3 times) in SSI-D incidence in fracture reductions. Depending on the epidemiological situation in the ward, it is worthwhile to surveillance of SSIs associated to different types of orthopaedic surgery to assess the risks and take preventive measures.


Since the turn of the century, amnesties began to feature in transnational criminal law as a tool to facilitate the recovery of criminal assets. In particular, the provisions of Article 26(3) of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000, and, Article 37(3) of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, 2003 made it possible for States Parties to adopt measures within their legal systems to provide for amnesties to suspects who are ready to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in order to facilitate successfully prosecution of perpetrators of crime and consequently procure the recovery of criminal assets. This paper examines the use of amnesties in Tanzania, particularly, focusing on the 2008 and 2019 amnesties. The paper further investigates the extent to which such amnesties, which are implemented in Tanzania without necessary legislative framework, enhance asset recovery and criminal deterrence. Keywords: amnesty, asset recovery, corruption, criminal deterrence, criminal assets organized crime.


Rainfall is one of the most important triggers of both shallow debris flows and deep-seated landslides. The triggering mechanism involves the process of water infiltration into the failure zone. For deep-seated landslides, the deeper and more extensive failure surfaces delay the effect of the process and thus delay landslide initiations. The delay is difficult to assess, especially if the sites only have scarce or insufficient monitoring data. Under these circumstances, we illustrate that the occurrences of landslides can be estimated by their correlations with the phenomenological water storage index (WSI) of a given catchment. In the present study, a total of five deep-seated landslides in TienChih (4) and SiangYang (1) are investigated. The displacements of the landslides were recorded by global positioning system (GPS) and the WSI was modelled using the tank model. The result demonstrates that the WSI correlates closer in time to the landslide motion than the rainfall, and the WSI thresholds for the landslides are inferred. Thus, this technique can be applied as an associated method to evaluate landslide initiation.


The rapid spate of development of many industries has led to wastes containing heavy metals being directly or indirectly discharged into the environment. This study employed the use of corncob an agricultural waste for adsorption of cadmium (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) in batch mode at room temperature. The residual metal was determined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study investigated the influences of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, and initial metal concentration on the removal of metal ions. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the equilibrium adsorption data. The reaction kinetics of the cadmium (II), cobalt (II) and nickel (II) removal from the aqueous solution were identified and correlated to the pseudo first and second order kinetic models. The results showed an increase in adsorption by metal ions studied with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Metal uptake showed a pH-dependent profile with optimum at pH values 4.0 for Cd (II) as well as Ni (II), and 8.0 for Co (II) ions. The Freundlich adsorption isotherms model fitted the experimental data best with the regression coefficient ranging between 0.837 and 0.989 for the metal ions. A kinetic study of the adsorption process showed that adsorption of cadmium (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) on corncob was observed to follow closely to the pseudo-second–order. It was concluded that corncob exhibited rapid adsorption capabilities and high efficiency in removal of cadmium (II), cobalt (II) and nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution.


Objective: The trajectory and norm of children's development is needed to understand the idea of spectrum in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. The children's developmental growth trajectory from six to 66 months in the developmental dimensions of growth motor, fine motor, language, and social communication is investigated in the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study dataset (N=11,145).Results: The growth trajectory showed children's language development began to incline at 18 months, and peaked at 36 months. On the other hand, children's social development showed a steady growth from 18 to 66 months. Furthermore, the increase in the trajectory of children's language development prior to age three, compared to other developmental dimensions, may also increase the difficulty of diagnosis. The two-stage window screening method can be used in settings where the screening sample is larger in size, such as the community or primary care settings, and has found to be more time and cost efficient. Better understanding of the children's developmental trajectory can enhance autism spectrum disorder detection and intervention.


We discuss the fundamental role of entanglement as the essential nonclassical feature providing the computational speedup in the known quantum algorithms. We review the construction of the Fourier transform on an Abelian group and the principles underlying the fast Fourier transform algorithm. We describe the implementation of the FFT algorithm for the group of integers modulo 2n in the quantum context, showing how the group–theoretic formalism leads to the standard quantum network and identifying the property of entanglement that gives rise to the exponential speedup (compared to the classical FFT). Finally we outline the use of the Fourier transform in extracting periodicities, which underlies its utility in the known quantum algorithms.


We analyze the temporal evolution of the population of ultracold polar molecules in a microwave (mw) field with a circular polarization. The molecules are in their ground 1 &Sgr; ?> state and treated as rigid rotors with a permanent dipole moment which interact with each other via the dipole–dipole (DD) interaction Vdd. The mw field mixes states with different quantum and photon numbers and the collisional dynamics in the mw field is mostly controlled by the ratios of the mw field frequency versus the rotational constant, and mw field Rabi frequency versus the rotational constant. There exists a special scattering process which is elastic by nature and due to a rotational energy exchange between the ground and the first excited rotational states. To analyze dynamics of polar molecules system in the mw field the equation of motion for the bare and dressed states is solved under different mw field parameters and molecular gas characteristics. Depending on the ratio of the Rabi frequency of a mw field and the magnitude of the DD interaction, beatings and oscillations occur in the bare and dressed states time-development. At a certain relation between the magnitudes of the mw detuning δ and the DD interaction δ = ± V dd ?> , peak structures appear in the population of the excited bare state. Each peak is associated with an avoided crossing between the dressed states adiabatic curves at the same position of mw detuning.


Object oriented design patterns have been proposed as an approach to encapsulate good quality design experiences that are proven useful in successful projects. A design pattern abstracts a solution structure that is mostly described in terms of a set of collaborating classes or objects. Composing these design structures to develop application designs is a tedious task that involves integration of patterns. We envisage that a tool-support for developing designs using patterns will facilitate the integration process. We describe a design environment for visual composition of design patterns for the purpose of developing pattern oriented designs. The tool makes the notion of pattern interfaces explicit and integrates patterns at the architecture level. It supports three hierarchical traceable pattern-level design models. The internal details of the pattern structure are hidden at high design levels (pattern views) and are traced to lower design levels (class views). Current visual modeling tools do not explicitly support the concepts of pattern views and pattern interfaces. The proposed tool facilitates the process of designing applications using patterns as design components and provides a mechanism to trace patterns through various levels of abstraction. We use an illustrative example to show how the tool can be used to develop pattern oriented designs.


 Abstract — Nowadays, the Web has become one of the most pervasive platforms for information change and retrieval. It collects the suitable and perfectly fitting information from websites that one requires. Data mining is the form of extracting data's available in the internet. Web mining is one of the elements of data mining Technique, which relates to various research communities such as information recovery, folder managing system and simulated intellects. In this Paper we have discussed the concepts of Web mining. We contain generally focused on one of the categories of Web mining, specifically the Web Content Mining and its various farm duties. The mining tools are imperative to scanning the many images, text, and HTML documents and then, the result is used by the various search engines. We conclude by presenting a comparative table of these tools based on some pertinent


Candida is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. However, only a few antifungal drugs are currently available for the treatment of Candida infections. In the last decade, terpenophenols have attracted much attention because they often possess a variety of biological activities. In the search for new antifungals, eight carveoylphenols were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. By using the broth microdilution assay, the compounds were evaluated for antifungal activities in vitro against four human pathogenic yeast, and structure–activity relationships (SAR) were derived. Noteworthy, in this preliminary study, compounds 5 and 6, have shown a significant reduction in the growth of all Candida strains tested. Starting from these preliminary results, we have designed the second generation of analogous in this class, and further studies are in progress in our laboratories.


REPLY: Mesguich et al. (1) commented on our publication, which reported the long-term outcome of patients with advancedstage Hodgkin lymphoma undergoing interim 18F-FDG PET (after 2 cycles of chemotherapy; PET2) and PET2 response-adapted change in therapy in the SWOG S0816 trial (2,3). Their letter emphasizes the importance of the end-of-treatment PET (PET3). Of the 270 patients with a negative PET2 scan result from the S0816 study, 244 patients (90%) underwent PET3 and 35 of these 244 patients (14%) had a positive PET3 scan result (3). Unfortunately, our study did not mandate biopsy after positive PET3, so we are not able to confirm that all 35 of these patients actually had residual disease. At the time of positive PET3, 13 of the 35 patients were officially categorized as disease progression. Nineteen of the 35 patients initiated salvage therapy shortly after the PET3 scan. Therefore, it remains possible that some of the positive PET3 scans represent a false-positive result. However, we agree with the assessment that the PET3 scan can be a useful tool to identify primary refractory patients requiring expedited salvage therapy. Nevertheless, PET2 remains very important in the early detection of highrisk patients treated with standard chemotherapy regimens, who are unlikely to show a complete response to therapy, which may justify intensification of treatment at that time, contributing to improved survival (2). In addition, we note that when novel targeted agents such as brentuximab vedotin and nivolumab are used in combination with standard chemotherapy agents, PET2-based responses are not used to alter therapy. As such, the ongoing national SWOG S1826 study compares brentuximab vedotin or nivolumab in combination with adriamycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine and does not modify therapy based on the PET2 scan results (NCT03907488).


It has been overlooked in clinical that there exists a complex relationship between laterality and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and these factors may influence their motor and nonmotor symptoms in together. Here we found PD with left-side akinetic/rigid (L-AR) signs performed worst in clinical manifestations. And the underlying brain structure alterations was revealed severer damage in anterior cingulate and its connected fibers of right hemisphere by a multimodal imaging approach including cortical thickness and diffusion-weighted MRI measures.


The author discusses a type of material which looks historical, but in which there is no attempt to convey history truthfully: the aim is solely to put over scientific facts, and the 'history' is there to provide a framework inside which the scientific facts fit easily, appear to 'make sense' and may be easily remembered for examination purposes. It also provides, maybe, a little light relief from the hard facts of the science itself. He calls this 'quasi-history', and many examples are given, followed by a discussion of its effects.


The most important long-term complication of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.It is uncertain why some patients with acute pulmonary embolism develop CTEPH and others do not.Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with adverse outcomes of heart failure,pulmonary embolism and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.Our aim is to investigate whether RDW might be a predictor of CTEPH in pulmonary embolism patients or not.This study is retrospective cohort study.A total of 203 consecutive patients with acute PE were included. Minimum follow-up period was 10 months.We collected each patient9s baseline characteristics including RDW,Troponin-T and CRP.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal RDW cut-off levels to predict CTEPH. CTEPH frequency in PE patients(n=203) was 7.9% (n=16). RDW was higher in CTEPH patients than the patients without CTEPH (17.04±3.46; 14.64±1.82)(p=0.015) . The optimal cutoff value of RDW for predicting CTEPH 14.65.The area under the curve of RDW for prediction of CTEPH was 0.735 (CI: 0.600-0.869) ;In cases with RDW levels >14.65, the specificity and sensitivity for CTEPH were 62% and 75%, respectively.Negative predictive value of RDW at cutoff 14.65 for CTEPH was 96.7%. At multivariate regression analysis,RDW, hazard ratio: 1.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.30) was predictor of CTEPH (p=0.016).High RDW levels was an independent predictor of CTEPH in PE patients.Therefore, RDW levels may provide a potential marker to predict CTEPH in PE patients.


AIM
To explore perspectives of Australian women who had sustained a traumatic brain injury to develop a gendered understanding of their experiences.

DESIGN
Qualitative findings from a concurrent mixed methods study.

METHODS
Australian women who had sustained a traumatic brain injury participated in conversational interviews. Data were collected from June 2017 - May 2018. Women's narratives were listened to in various ways (Anderson & Jack, Learning to listen: Interview techniques and analyses, 1991) and analysed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clark, Thematic analysis, 2016).

RESULTS
Two overarching themes Loss-A life once lived and Realigning Self-A new way of being were identified. Women discussed many losses due to injury, loss of income and potential earnings, loss in relationships and loss of identity. These all took time to reconfigure in their lives, as they adjusted to a range of ongoing impairments from the traumatic brain injury.

CONCLUSION
Socially constructed gendered norms continue to at times negatively inform delivery of health care for women following traumatic brain injury. Loss associated with the injury is felt for decades and regardless of time since injury realigning of self, requires remarkable tenacity. Readjustment often continues without end; therefore, individualized health and rehabilitation services must be offered across women's lifespans.

IMPACT
There is limited research into women's experiences of traumatic brain injury which suggests experiences will be the same for men and women. This research highlights biological sex differences and socialized gendered roles are important factors to consider for women following traumatic brain injury. Differences are influenced by sociocultural factors and they relate to sexual and reproductive health and gendered roles such as caring for children, caring for ageing parents, employment and projected earnings. These findings should be used to inform the development of individualized health and rehabilitation services which women in this study have identified and must be offered across their lifespans.


Purpose - Based on the brief historical review, this paper expounds the target and bottom line for the farmland institutional reform of in China, analyzes the Chinese scenes and historical heritage of farmland institutional arrangement, evaluates the policies and their effects over the last four decades and outlines the keynotes and possible direction of the future reform. Design/methodology/approach - Build the analytical clue of institutional target - institutional heritage - policy effort - realistic dilemma future direction and review and forecast the Chinese farmland institutional reform. Findings - The farmland institutional is an important issue with Chinese characteristics. Over the last four decades, the farmland institutional reform in China has focused on stabilizing the land property rights and promote the farmland transfer . As the study indicates, the promotion of farmland transfer has not effectively improved the scale economy of agriculture and stabilizing land property rights by titling may restrain the development of farmland transfer market, because farmland transfer is of special market logic. Originality/value - It depends on the revitalization of farmland management rights to resolve the transaction constraint of personal property and its endowment effect in farmland transfer. And classifying the land management property to involve farmers into the economy of division can be reference for the reform of traditional agriculture worldwide. Acknowledgement : This paper is sponsored by the key project of National Natural Science Foundation of China: Research on Rural Land and Relevant Element Market Cultivation and Reform (Grant No. 71333004) and by the key policy research project of National Natural Science Foundation of China: Farmland Titling: Realistic Background, Policy Objective and Effect Evaluation (Grant No. 71742003).


Subtitle 2 of Title XXI of the Public Health Service Act, as enacted by the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, as amended (the Act), governs the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP). The VICP, administered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary), provides that a proceeding for compensation for a vaccine-related injury or death shall be initiated by service upon the Secretary, and the filing of a petition with the United States Court of Federal Claims (the Court). In some cases, the injured individual may receive compensation for future lost earnings, less appropriate taxes and the "average cost of a health insurance policy, as determined by the Secretary." The final rule establishes the new method of calculating the average cost of a health insurance policy and determines the amount of the average cost of a health insurance policy to be deducted from the compensation award.