Background Most exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are triggered by respiratory tract infections. Adaptive immunity via antibody production is important in preventing infections. Impaired antibody production is reported to be associated with an increased risk of exacerbations of COPD. In the present study, we elucidated whether reduced free light chains (FLCs), which are excessive amounts of light chains produced during antibody synthesis and can be used to estimate systemic antibody production, may be a promising biomarker to predict the risk of exacerbations of COPD. Methods We enrolled stable male patients with COPD and prospectively observed them for 2 years. At baseline, serum combined FLC (cFLC; sum of kappa and lambda values) and pulmonary function were evaluated. Exacerbation was defined as a worsening of symptoms requiring treatments with antibiotics, corticosteroids or both. Results 63 patients with stable COPD were enrolled (72.8±8.1 years, GOLD A/B/C/D=24/28/6/5), and 51 patients completed the 2-year follow-up. Serum cFLC was 31.1 mg·L−1 on average and ranged widely (1.4 to 89.9 mg·L−1). The patients with low cFLC (below the mean−sd, n=6) experienced a significantly shorter time to the first exacerbation of COPD (p<0.0001 by the log-rank test). A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, including the COPD assessment test score, % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 % pred), and number of previous exacerbations demonstrated that low cFLC and low FEV1 % pred were independently and significantly correlated with the risk for exacerbations of COPD. Conclusion Low cFLC may be a B-cell-associated novel biomarker associated with risk of COPD exacerbation. Impaired antibody production is associated with an increased risk for exacerbations of COPD. Low serum free light chain is a novel B-cell-associated biomarker for COPD exacerbations. https://bit.ly/35cgMTC


The purpose of this research is to describe the understanding of early childhood education teachers on thematic learning planning. The focus of this research is the extent to which early childhood education teachers understand about thematic learning planning. This research is a descriptive research conducted at Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Se-Kecamatan Ajung. The population in this research are teachers of RA Se-Kecamatan Ajung where the sample selection is done by simple random sampling. Data collection tool in this research by using questionnaire. From the result of data analysis, it can be concluded that the average of early childhood teacher's understanding on thematic learning planning is 76%, so that it can be categorized that the teacher has understood the aspect of thematic learning planning.


A series of 3′ and 4′-substituted avarone derivatives were synthesized and tested in culture systems as antitumour and antiviral agents in comparison to avarol and avarone. 3′-alkylamino derivatives showed potent cytostatic activities against murine L1210 and human B (Raji) and T (C8166, H9) lymphoblast cells (ID50 range 1.7–3.7 μm). Avarol and avarone were six times less active. While none of the derivatives showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity superior to that of the parent compounds, most of them, avarol and avarone included, were potent and selective inhibitors of poliovirus multiplication.


Approaching parameter estimation from the discrete-time domain is the dominating paradigm in system identification. Identification of continuous-time models on the other hand is motivated by the fact that modelling of physical systems often take place in continuous-time. For many practical applications there is also a genuine interest in the parameters connected to these physical models. The most important element of time- and frequency-domain identification from sampled data is the discrete-time system, which is connected to the parameters of the underlying continuous-time system. For input-output models, it governs the frequency response from the sampled input to the sampled output. In case of time series, it models the spectrum of the sampled output. As the rate of sampling increase, the relationship between the discrete- and continuous-time parameters can become more or less ill-conditioned. Mainly, because the gathering of the poles of the discrete-time system around the value 1 in the complex plane will produce numerical difficulties while mapping back to the continuous-time parameters. We will therefore investigate robust alternatives to using the exact discrete-time system, which are based on more direct use of the continuous-time system. Another, maybe more important, reason for studying such approximations is that they will provide insight into how one can deal with non-uniformly sampled data. An equally important issue in system identification is the effect of model choice. The user might not know a lot about the system to begin with. Often, the model will only capture a particular aspect of the data which the user is interested in. Deviations can, for instance, be due to mis-readings while taking measurements or un-modelled dynamics in the case of dynamical systems. They can also be caused by misunderstandings about the continuous-time signal that underlies sampled data. From a user perspective, it is important to be able to control how and to what extent these un-modelled aspects influence the quality of the intended model. The classical way of reducing the effect of modelling errors in statistics, signal processing and identification in the time-domain is to introduce a robust norm into the criterion function of the method. The thesis contains results which quantify the effect of broad-band disturbances on the quality of frequency-domain parameter estimates. It also contains methods to reduce the effect of narrow-band disturbances or frequency domain outliers on frequency-domain parameter estimates by means of methods from robust statistics.


What should a research library in a small specialist art museum be? The Asian Art Museum's research library is a unique and rich collection of material on Asian cultural history, with over 40% of its holdings dedicated to Chinese art, history, culture and religion. The author provides an overview of its history and highlights some of its Special Collections and items of interest. Current and future developments are also discussed, including an ongoing project to make pre-1998 catalogue records available online.


BACKGROUND
Scleroderma is a chronic connective tissue disease that results in fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Although internal organ involvement corresponds with poor prognosis, systemic agents are effective at improving the effects of scleroderma on internal organs. In contrast, skin manifestations are universally present in all patients diagnosed with scleroderma, yet no systemic agents have been shown to be successful. Fat grafting has been shown to improve skin quality and improve contour irregularities and may be helpful in the treatment of patients with scleroderma.

METHODS
The authors performed a thorough review of the pathophysiology of scleroderma and the current treatment options for scleroderma. The efficacy of fat grafting for the treatment of scleroderma and the mechanism by which fat grafting improves outcomes was also discussed.

RESULTS
Scleroderma is characterized by chronic inflammation and vascular compromise that leads to fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Fat grafting has recently been the focus of significant basic science research. It has been shown to reduce inflammation, reduce fibrosis by limiting extracellular matrix proteins and increasing collagenase activity, and provide structural support through stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The adipocytes, adipose stem cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the processed fat likely contribute to the effectiveness of this treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Fat grafting in scleroderma patients likely improves skin manifestations by recreating fullness, correcting contour deformities, and improving skin quality. The injected fat provides a mixture of cells that influences the recipient site, resulting in improved outcomes.


To avoid inter-cell interference effectively and to improve the performance of cell-edge users, a novel cellular architecture, termed Cellular Architecture Based on Sector Relay (CASR), is proposed in this paper, and two frequency planning schemes based on CASR are investigated. In CASR, fixed relays equipped with directional antennas are located at the vertex of the hexagonal cell for sectorization, thus each relay can be shared by three cells. The two frequency planning schemes are designed for different situations, one of which focuses more on the performance of cell one-hop users and the other one focuses on the performance balance between one-hop users and two-hop users. Interference analysis and performance evaluation are implemented for both one-hop users and two-hop users. System-level simulation in multi-cell and multi-user environment shows that compared with the existing cellular relay cell architecture, the proposed CASR combined with the two frequency planning schemes yield higher cell spectral efficiency. Moreover, the performance of cell-edge users is significantly improved.


BACKGROUND
Opioid analgesics are used for acute postpartum pain relief but carry risks, including persistent long-term opioid use. Our primary objective was to estimate the prevalence of persistent use following hospital discharge after childbirth.

METHODS
We conducted a population-based cohort study of women discharged from public or private hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, between 2012 and 2018 following vaginal birth (VB) or cesarean delivery (CD). We used linked hospitalization and medicine dispensing data to calculate the prevalence of opioid use within 14 days of hospital discharge for childbirth using an external estimate of the total number of hospital admissions for childbirth per year as the denominator. Among women dispensed an opioid postdischarge, we estimated the prevalence of persistent use defined as ≥3 dispensings between 30- and 365-days postdischarge. To calculate the odds of persistent opioid use, we performed a series of logistic regressions each including a single characteristic of interest. Included characteristics were maternal and birth characteristics, maternal medical conditions, prior use of certain medicines, and the initial opioid dispensed following discharge for childbirth.

RESULTS
The final cohort comprised of 38,832 women who were dispensed an opioid in the 14 days following discharge after childbirth. Between 2012 and 2018, the prevalence of opioid use was increased following CD (public hospital 16.6%-21.0%; private hospital 9.8%-19.5%) compared with VB (public hospital 1.5%-1.5%; private hospital 1.2%-1.4%) and was higher following discharge from public hospitals compared with private. The most commonly dispensed opioids following discharge for childbirth were oxycodone (44.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 44.3-45.3), codeine (42.1%; 95% CI, 41.6-42.6), and tramadol (12.9%; 95% CI, 12.6-13.2). Among women dispensed an opioid, the prevalence of persistent opioid use was 5.4% (95% CI, 5.1-5.6). This prevalence was 11.4% (95% CI, 10.5-12.3) following a VB as compared with 4.3% (95% CI, 4.1-4.6) among those who underwent a CD (P < .001). Characteristics associated with persistent opioid use included smoking during pregnancy, age <25 years, living in remote areas, discharged from a public hospital, history of opioid use disorder, other substance use disorder, mental health diagnosis, or prior use of prescription opioids, nonopioid analgesics, or benzodiazepines.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this cohort study indicate that Australian women have a higher prevalence of opioid use following CD compared to VB. One in 19 women dispensed an opioid postdischarge used opioids persistently. Careful monitoring of opioid therapy following childbirth is warranted, particularly among women with characteristics we identified as high risk for persistent opioid use.


Several longstanding theories and some recently published
experimental evidence support the hypothesis that eye movements
serve to improve acuity. By measuring eye movements during a
simple acuity task, and during a control non-acuity task, we have
shown that certain patterns of eye movement are characteristic of
acuity tasks. Similarly, specific patterns of eye movement are
generated during spatial localization tasks. These observations
provide circumstantial evidence for the existence of mechanisms
by which eye movements mediate acuity and spatial localization
information. Through a comparison of acuity for stabilized retinal images
with acuity for normal retinal images we have found that eye movements
improve acuity very slightly at most, and that even this small
improvement may be adequately accounted for by the residual fade
out effects commonly observed during prolonged viewing of stabilized
images. Measurement of distance and angle estimation ability in
both normal and stabilized vision reveals much the same result.
Stabilization diminishes the accuracy of these estimates only slightly,
as might be expected from the persistent fade effects observed during
the stabilized trials. Residual retinal image movement in the
stabilized trials was less than approximately 3 min arc. If such
acuity improving mechanisms exist, they either operate on very
small retinal image movements (less than 3 min arc), or they
improve acuity only slightly (e.g., by less than 0.1 log unit in sine
wave grating contrast sensitivity). Thus eye movements serve to
sustain all sensory visual inflow by countering the slow process of
fading of a stabilized image. They do not, however, play a vital role
in the much more rapid processes which determine visual acuity as
well as distance and angle estimation ability.


A formula for the Hall response of interacting multi-band systems with arbitrary band topology and spin-orbit coupling is derived. The formula is valid at finite frequency, which is relevant for Faraday rotation, and it takes into account all particle-hole vertex corrections. The formula includes both three-leg (triangular) and four-leg (rectangular) diagrams. The latter diagrams are absent in the single band case. We show that the rectangular diagrams are necessary to recover the semiclassical formula for the Hall effect from the Kubo formula in the DC limit. They also give the linear response of the anomalous Hall effect to an external magnetic field, an effect which goes beyond the semiclassical theory. Three- and four-particle scatterings are neglected.


Streptomyces purpurascens transforms primary and secondary 12-deoxycardenolids into digoxin, 7 beta-hydroxy-digitoxin and 7 beta-hydroxy-digoxin, respectively. A metabolic pathway is proposed for cardenolid transformations and the enzymes participating in it are investigated. The substrate concentration in the medium can be increased by using a water-miscible solvent of electron donor character. The newly developed procedure yields 0.5 g/1(-1) of digoxin in a five-day fermentation.


We report on the thin film phase behavior of poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) triblock terpolymers with volume fractions φPS:φP2VP:φPtBMA scaling as 1:1.2:x, with x ranging from 3.05 to 4. On controlled annealing in the vapor of a nearly nonselective solvent the films form terraces of well-defined thickness with a highly ordered hexagonally perforated lamella structure. Using a gradient combinatorial technique we are able to systematically map the dependence of the morphology on the film thickness. By use of substrates with different surface energy we demonstrate that the perforated lamella is a stable phase, regardless of the chemical nature of the substrate, which makes the structure and methodology robust for application in nanotechnology.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is used in the Supply chain management (SCM) systems to respond to the globalization of complex and dynamic markets and competitiveness in various supply chain scopes. Despite the current buzz about IoT and its role in the supply chain, there is not enough empirical data or extensive expertise to guide its implementation. Therefore, this paper addresses the ambiguity of assessing the performance of the IoT based supply chain by integrating plithogenic set with both Best-Worst (BWM) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) methods in a decision-making framework tailored for this field. The framework is based on 23 criteria that measure different aspects of the performance. The performance of the framework is assessed according to the plithogenic set theory and to the neutrosophic set theory using a case study of comparing the performance of IoT implantation with the SC of five e-commerce companies using three experts. The case study shows that the proposed framework has more consideration of the contradiction degree of each criteria to improve the accuracy of the evaluation results.


This paper analyses the effect of hospital mergers on the probability of employee disability retirement, focussing on whether the effect on disability retirement differs with employee educational attainment. It uses register data for all employees of Norwegian public hospitals from 2000 to 2006. The analyses employ a difference-in-differences approach using hospital fixed effects. The results show that the probability of entering disability retirement only increases in the second year after the merger compared with non-merger years, indicating that the effect is short-term. Predicted probabilities indicate that the effect is only significant for employees with lower education. Possible explanations are that increased strain in association with the merger leads to disability among employees or that managers use disability retirement as a way of achieving staff reductions without formally laying off staff.


A case of Waardenburg-Klein syndrome associated with a Hodgkin's disease is reported in a 29 year old female. Such an association seems to be fortuitous. The authors discuss the dermatological aspects of this rare disease, particularly the disturbances of cutaneous pigmentation. Ultrastructural study of depigmented skin indicates the melanocytes are absent and precise the place of this depigmentation in the group of genetic abnormalities of skin pigmentation.


Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin are widely used to treat solid and hematological cancers. However, within the course of treatment they have the potential to cause life threatening chronic cardiotoxicity which limits their potential use. The cause of cardiotoxicity is not thoroughly understood, with previous research indicating the generation of reactive oxygen species and free iron accumulation as possible causes for cardiomyocyte death. Recent publications have shown the interaction between doxorubicin and Topoisomerase IIβ plays a key role in anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Topoisomerase enzymes are utilized during the coiling and uncoiling of DNA within the cell and are active targets of anthracyclines not only in tumoricidal action (Topoisomerase IIα) but also in the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity (Topoisomerase IIβ). In this research we seek to further evaluate the interaction between doxorubicin, doxorubicin analogues and Topoisomerase IIβ. The analogues were selected due to previous chronic in vivo experiments in rabbits where classical manifestations of cardiotoxicity (including reduced left ventricular shortening fraction and pathological changes in cardiac tissue) were not observed. Furthermore, one analogue (13-deoxy, 5-imino doxorubicin) has shown promising clinical data suggesting a strong antineoplastic effect without the cardiotoxic effects. Doxorubicin and this analogue were placed in the presence of catenated DNA for 6 hours at 37°C prior to exposure to Topoisomerase IIα and β enzymes. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 30 minutes at 37°C and analyzed for decatenation of the DNA by the enzyme. This experiment was then repeated in cardiac H9c2 cells to assay possible differential inhibition at the cellular level. Citation Format: Nicole Frank, Richard Olson, Gerald M. Walsh, Todd Talley, Barry Cusack. Effect of a non cardiotoxic Doxorubicin analog, 13-deoxy, 5-imino doxorubicin on decatenation of DNA by Topoisomerase II. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3428. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3428


This paper uses a sample of firms listed in the NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ between January 1963 and December 2012 to analyze the interaction between size effect and momentum effect in cross-sectional stock returns. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the evolution of this interaction through different market states. I report a significant shift in stock returns structure during the rising markets of the 1990s and the 2000s. First, momentum has absorbed the size effect. Second, the momentum effect has become stronger in larger, not smaller, firms. These patterns are indicative of a strong interaction between the two effects. Conceivably, in up markets, firms grow fast, and thus, the size and momentum effects stem from a common economic phenomenon: growth. The findings are robust to variations in the length of the formation period and to the use of residual return (instead of total return) to rank stocks.


Bio-CAD and in-silico experimentation currently have a growing interest in biomedical applications where scientific data coming from real samples are used to evaluate physical properties. In this sense, analyzing the pore-size distribution is a demanding task to help interpret the characteristics of porous materials by partitioning it into its constituent pores. Pores are defined intuitively as local openings that can be interconnected by narrow apertures called throats that control a non-wetting phase invasion in a physical method. There are several approaches to characterize the pore space in terms of its constituent pores, several of them requiring prior computation of a skeleton. This paper presents a new approach to characterize the pore space, in terms of a pore-size distribution, which does not require the skeleton computation. Throats are identified using a new decomposition model that performs a spatial partition of the object in a non-hierarchical sweep-based way consisting of a set of disjoint boxes. This approach enables the characterization of the pore space in terms of a pore-size distribution.
computation. Throats are identified using a new decomposition model that performs a spatial partition of the object in a non-hierarchical sweep-based way consisting of a set of disjoint boxes. This approach enables the characterization of the pore space in terms of a pore-size distribution.


The multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree method is applied in an interaction picture to simulate dynamics of the spin-boson model in the reaction-coordinate representation. The use of the interaction picture allows a more effective description of correlation effects, especially when the coupling strength between the reaction coordinate and the bath is very strong. Examples show that in most physical regimes the efficiency is improved significantly, in some cases up to several orders of magnitude. This opens up new avenues for studying quantum dynamical problems.


Fine silica particles have been produced by the rapid expansion of supercritical water - SiO2 solutions (RESS) at temperatures of 723 and 823 K and pressures from 50 to 100 MPa. New spherical particles sprouting whiskers have also been discovered in the autoclave after the RESS. The solubility of solids in supercritical fluids is a very sensitive function of temperature and pressure. Small changes of pressure result in large changes in density and solvent power, because supercritical fluids are highly compressible. Thus, the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions can give rise to very large supersaturation ratios. Nucleation rates are determined by the competition among solvent expansion, cooling due to depressurization, and high supersaturation. In order to control the product morphology, the effects of experimental parameters, such as preexpansion temperature and pressure, solute concentration, depressurization schemes, nozzle configuration, and sampling method on the product characteristics of materials, have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It is found that the control of particle size distribution is possible by regulating supersaturation ratio as well as suitable selection of preexpansion temperature and pressure. Unique features of the RESS process are discussed.


In adults, relationships between religiosity and positive health behaviors have been established; however, similar studies among emerging adults has not been explored. This study examined the relationship between multiple dimensions of religiosity, physical activity, fast food intake, and obesity among emerging adults. Data are from 1,319 emerging adults participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health during Wave IV (ages 18-29). Females were highly religious on all dimensions of religiosity. Path models showed high levels of religious practice encouraged eating less fast food, and more prayer time increased physical activity levels. More religious practice was associated with lower incidence of obesity; increasing time spent in prayer, however, heightened the risk for obesity. Thus, dimensions of religiosity in emerging adults constructed in a different ways with fast food intake, physical activity, and obesity.


A new sequential pneumatic instrument for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the Lympha Press, was investigated in neurosurgical patients. In the control group, 50% of patients developed DVT and in the treated group only 4.3% were affected. These results demonstrate the highly beneficial effect of this method of preventing DVT during and after surgery, especially when the use of other preventive methods is precluded.


Through human exploration the extraterrestrial space becomes more and more the subject of an anthropological debate. The purpose of this article is to connect axiological thinking with the ethics of human activities related to space exploration. In this context, when debating upon the ability of natural objects to possess value, the distinction between the source of value and the object of value or the "locus" of value is essential. If we deliberate strictly in favour of the valorising subject, the exterior nature is always in danger of losing its intrinsic value. Only to the extent that natural objects are values in themselves, regardless if any human subject is valorising them, the so-called naturalistic fallacy in locating value, the confusion between its source and object can be prevented from the start. These difficulties can be surmounted by stating that all value, human and nonhuman is ontologically located within the natural world. The existence of a plurality of irreducible values makes it possible for judgements of value to be justified independently of the appeal to human preferences. The concept of intrinsic value can be directly attributed to entities belonging to extraterrestrial nature only provided we accept that intrinsic values can be both concrete and plural. Seen through the prism of an objectivist meta-ethics, extraterrestrial space can be described as a new environment where values subsist without any reference to human valorisation/experimentation, awaiting their exploration and discovery.


The electronic absorption spectrum (diffuse reflection spectrum) of the crystal of [Cu6(bpy)10([mu-CO3)2(mu-OH)2](ClO4)6 . 4H2O has been measured. The experimental results are discussed quantitatively with ligand field theory and the radial wave function of non-free copper(II), and calculation values agree well with the experimental results. The d-d absorption spectrum of a novel hexanuclear copper(II) complex was explained satisfactorily. Especially, complexity of multinuclear crystal structures determined that of spectral behaviors. It provides significant to grope spectral nature from coordination structures.


Multiple studies have demonstrated discrepancy rates between original and review histopathologic diagnoses of up to 30% with a mean of approximately 10%. In view of these rates of discrepancy, several authorities, including the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology, have recommended in-house review of all outside materials before commencement of therapy. We used a mail survey to determine the degree of compliance with these recommendations among pathology groups in the United States. Mail surveys were sent to six randomly selected hospitals from each state (300 total). The survey included demographic questions, including surgical pathology caseload, size of hospital (beds), and type of hospital (community-general, non-academic-tertiary care, or academic-tertiary care). The survey asked whether the hospital required review of all outside slides before the performance of surgery. If not, was such a policy encouraged but not required. The survey also asked whether in-house review of outside cases had disclosed any significant differences in pathologic diagnoses. Finally, the survey questioned whether any discrepancies between an internal and external surgical pathology diagnosis had been discovered following radical surgery. One hundred twenty-six usable responses were obtained. Fifty-five of these were from hospitals self-described as community-general, seven were from hospitals describing themselves as non-academic-tertiary care, and the remaining 61 hospitals described themselves as academic-tertiary care institutions. Sixty-three institutions stated they had a requirement for in-house review of outside material, with 46 of 61 academic-tertiary centers having such a requirement. Thirty-seven of 55 community-general hospitals did not require in-house review of outside material before surgery could be performed. One hundred ten of the 126 institutions returning surveys either encouraged or required review of outside material. Ninety-five institutions reported that they had at least one outside case in which their diagnosis was significantly discordant with that rendered by the referring pathologist. Sixty (48%) of the 126 institutions reported at least one case in which a discrepancy was found between the outside biopsy diagnosis and the internal diagnosis rendered on material obtained by radical surgery. Approximately half of all responding institutions have a requirement for in-house review of outside material prior to surgery. A majority of institutions requiring such review have found discrepancies between the in-house diagnoses and those rendered by referring laboratories.


This paper introduces an information modeling framework to support representation of design artifacts for design databases and repositories. While most artifact representations consist primarily of geometric information, the object-oriented design modeling language developed through this work enables repre- sentation of not only form, but also function and behavior. This research has resulted in the implementation of a design artifact database as well as an information browser that provides the user interface to information contained therein. The imple- mentation is demonstrated using the representation of a power drill as an example.


Background: The elderly with a limited body or bedridden are prone to pressure injury, and the Braden scale is often used as a risk assessment tool. However, few studies have explained the relationship between risk factors and risk levels using machine learning methods from Braden clinical observation data. Additionally, nearly half of the elderly over 75 years old in China are men.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a pressure injury risk prediction model for elderly male patients using a machine learning method based on hospital clinical data. It further analyses the importance of risk factors and risk levels.

Methods: This study's Braden observation data were obtained from the electronic medical records of elderly male patients from 27 October 2019 to 1 November 2020 in the case hospital. Rough set theory was used to identify the perception patterns between risk factors and risk levels based on the data.

Results: The importance of rough set theory showed that sensory perception and nutrition are key risk factors for identifying elderly male inpatients. Therefore, nurses should pay special attention to the measurement scores of these two risk factors. Moreover, this method also revealed conditions/decision rules for different risk levels. Among elderly male inpatients at risk of severe pressure injury, 42% of the observation data showed that their physical condition is completely limited in sensory perception, possibly insufficient nutrition, friction and shearing problems, and bedridden activities.

Conclusion: This model can effectively identify the critical risk factors and decision rules for different risk levels for pressure injury in elderly male inpatients. This allows nurses to focus on patients at a high risk of possible pressure injury in the future without increasing their workload. This study also provides a way to solve the problem that the Braden scale shows insufficient predictive validity and poor accuracy in identifying patients with different pressure injury risk levels, so it cannot fully reflect patients' characteristics.


Radar installation direction adjusting method of the present invention, the adjustment means and radar means for adjusting transmitting and receiving signals in a mounting direction of the vehicle radar device (2D) on (1). The radar installation direction adjusting means comprising a transmitter unit (a9, a10) transmitting signals received radar apparatus (2D) receiving unit (b9, b10) of the transmitted signal of the radar apparatus (2D), while having once received radar apparatus (2D) of the transmitted signal, and the received reflected radar apparatus at a distance (2D) of the actual signal transmitted farther to the radar apparatus (2D) function.


In this paper, we introduce the concepts of right, left and product stabilizers on hoops and study some properties and the relation between them. And we try to find that how they can be equal and investigate that under what condition they can be filter, implicative filter, fantastic and positive implicative filter. Also, we prove that right and product stabilizers are filters and if they are proper, then they are prime filters. Then by using the right stabilizers produce a basis for a topology on hoops. We show that the generated topology by this basis is Baire, connected, locally connected and separable and we investigate the other properties of this topology. Also, by the similar way, we introduce the right, left and product stabilizers on quotient hoops and introduce the quotient topology that is generated by them and investigate that under what condition this topology is Hausdorff space,


This comment on Bose's note suggests that a possible approach could be to retain the continuous time framework and think about the tension between the Inada condition and the essentiality of capital. Whether there is take-off or no accumulation (forever) depends on what "force" gets the upper hand at k=0.On the one hand, no capital can be accumulated since capital is essential. On the other hand, at k=0, the marginal product of capital is infinity. Therefore, even a zero amount of capital can lead to positive output and to accumulation. Which of these forces dominates is unpredictable. Either the essentiality of capital dominates. This produces the trivial solution (k=0). Or the Inada condition dominates and this triggers an instantaneous take off.


A bathymetric analysis of the flanks of Tahiti‐Nui (French Polynesia) reveals the existence of a major catastrophic north‐directed landslide during its eruptive history. The related debris‐avalanche (DA) deposits extend north 70 km from the island shore and have a total volume of about 800 km3. Two contrasted facies of the debris are recognized: (1) relatively small‐sized material, including a few blocks with well‐developed flow structures (elongate downslope‐directed ridges and transversal pressure ridges), and (2) a scattering of large kilometer‐sized individual blocks that form, in part, a prominent bathymetric hummock in the proximal central part of the landslide deposits. Bathymetric analyses suggest that the Tahitian failure evolved through two main successive shots. The DA debris were rapidly overlain by subsequent volcanic material, producing a smooth surface down to 1500 m below sea level. The on‐land and offshore structures indicate a listric fault geometry for the landslide scar. The volume removed by the landslide is thus estimated between 400 km3 and 450 km3. Discrepancy in the volume of the scar, and the debris derived from it, is due in part to expansion of the debris, to fragmentation of the avalanche, and to incorporation of sediments. Comparison with a recently recognized southern Tahitian landslide (Clouard et al., 2001) and with landslides recognized around the Hawaiian Islands and the Canary Islands shows that the huge northern Tahitian landslide described here has a reduced mobility in its central part. Perhaps the older Tetiaroa eruptive complex to the north acted as a buttress to inhibit movement of the DA products. The northern and southern Tahiti‐Nui landslides moved in opposite directions away from the main central E‐W directed rift zone that served as the main magma feeding structure. Then, the huge northern landslide strongly controlled the later volcano‐structural evolution by capturing subsequent volcanic activity to the north, despite the northwestward displacement of the Pacific plate over the Society hot spot.


This study aimed to understand determinants of recalled in-task affective valence experienced during a regularly performed aerobic bout in adult exercisers aged 55+. Qualitative data were collected (January to March, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic) using interviews wherein individuals (N = 16, 69% women, 61 ± 5 years) recalled deviations in affective valence in response to a regularly completed bout. Using thematic analyses, two themes emerged regarding how COVID-19 impacted regular exercise behaviors: (a) "loss" and (b) "adaptation." Two themes encompassed the determinants of recalled in-task affective valence: (a) "person-specific conditions" and (b) "external conditions." Finally, an increase in duration/intensity during a pleasant session was indicated by 44% of the participants, while 75% indicated a decrease in duration/intensity during an unpleasant session. The participants indicated that affective valence was determined by previously cited and novel factors that relate to exercise performed in naturalistic environments. Volitional modifications to planned exercise volume appear more responsive to feelings of displeasure.


The TREC Real-Time Summarization (RTS) track provides a framework for evaluating systems monitoring the Twitter stream and pushing tweets to users according to given profiles. It includes metrics, files, settings and hypothesis provided by the organizers. In this work, we perform a thorough analysis of each component of the framework used in 2016 and 2017 and found some limitations for the Scenario A of this track. Our main findings point out the weakness of the metrics and give clear recommendations to fairly reuse the collection.


Ultra-high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fiber was treated with oxygen plasma and a silane coupling agent in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the UHMPE fiber and vinylester resin. The oxygen plasma and γ-methylmethacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS)-treated UHMPE fiber/vinylester composites showed a slightly higher interlaminar shear strength than the oxygen plasma-treated UHMPE fiber/vinylester composites. The interfacial adhesion of the oxygen plasma-treated UHMPE fiber/vinylester composites in this study is mainly due to mechanical interlocking between the micropits formed by the oxygen plasma treatment and the vinylester resin. The γ-MPS molecules adsorbed onto the UHMPE fiber surface neither affected the morphology of the UHMPE fiber surface, nor reduced the extent of mechanical interlocking. The improved interfacial adhesion by the γ-MPS treatment is due to enhanced wettability and chemical interaction through the chemically adsorbed γ-MPS molecules, as detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The γ-MPS molecules adsorbed onto the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) plate surface also reduced the aging effect of the oxygen plasma-treated UHMWPE surface.


The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has used a microtron accelerator based on a thermionic cathode for operating a compact terahertz (THz) FEL, where the electrons are emitted and accelerated automatically during the radio-frequency (RF) macro-pulse over threshold power for their emission. Usually a thermionic cathode is embedded inside the microtron cavity for electron-beam emission, and at the same time acceleration is due to the input RF source. In this case, the accelerator scheme is simple, but just a fraction of the emitted electrons are accelerated, and the electron bunch length is uncontrollable due to the RF phase condition for acceleration. In this paper, a photocathode-based microtron which is able to produce high peak (∼100 A) and ultrashort (∼1 ps) electron bunch is studied to adapt it for an electron injector of a THz generator. Especially, we analyzed the electron beam dynamics along the accelerating trajectory with a 3D PIC-code to find the optimized RF phase and laser input time.


In this paper we present EnergySave, a smart energy-saving system that, by leveraging the consolidated WoL (Wake on LAN) technology, allows the remote wake-up of PCs from a centralized management server, providing easy and secure power management capabilities for local or remote IP-based networks of personal computers (PCs). We also present a lightweight web-based platform implementing the remote management interface as less intrusively as possible. Finally, we model the mathematical saving functions to be used in order to evaluate through simulation the amount of potential energy savings, and hence the whole framework effectiveness, both in the general case and in a real case scenario. Results show that significant savings are achievable provided that the hardware supports the Wake-on-LAN specifications and that proper configuration of the Web server is set-up, allowing the WoL magic packet to travel to the destination hosts and wake them up only when they are really needed.


A 900-kb inversion exists within a large region of conserved linkage disequilibrium (LD) on chromosome 17. CRHR1 is located within the inversion region and associated with inhaled corticosteroid response in asthma. We hypothesized that CRHR1 variants are in LD with the inversion, supporting a potential role for natural selection in the genetic response to corticosteroids. We genotyped six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning chromosome 17: 40,410,565–42,372,240, including four SNPs defining inversion status. Similar allele frequencies and strong LD were noted between the inversion and a CRHR1 SNP previously associated with lung function response to inhaled corticosteroids. Each inversion-defining SNP was strongly associated with inhaled corticosteroid response in adult asthma (P values 0.002–0.005). The CRHR1 response to inhaled corticosteroids may thus be explained by natural selection resulting from inversion status or by long-range LD with another gene. Additional pharmacogenetic investigations into regions of chromosomal diversity, including copy number variation and inversions, are warranted.


A Feasibility Report prepared by Centre for Agricultural Informatics in 1995 on establishing a Campus Network for Kerala Agricultural University's (KAU) main campus (at Vellanikkara, Thrissur) and a state-of-the art Electronic Data Complex in its University Library premises. For the dissemination of topical awareness and global information to those in agricultural sector of the State, KAU needs to build a Campus LAN and state-of-the art Agricultural Digital Library and Data Complex within its central library. This can become a show case of the electronic age in agriculture and allied disciplines and will promote, propagate and catalogue the agricultural economy that India is so dependent on. The data complex will be a cached repository of agricultural information available worldwide, besides acting as a data silo for research forums, concurrent research, electronic publishing and global bulletin boards. The scattered campuses of KAU and allied institutions also need to be linked through electronic bridges that enable spontaneous exchange of information between the agricultural Diaspora of students, faculties, researchers, extension workers and administrators. The report covers mandate of the proposed system, detailed discussion on computer and communication stack that KAU Campus Wide Information System and Network needs, the architecture prescription, network design, MultiStack and DEChub 900 options available, host environment, financial terms, implementation methodology, installation support continuum, network synthesis and integration, systems engineering support, time frames and the administrative arrangements required. Open Network, with Protocol Switching and Networked Systems Management based on Digital's enVISN Networking Architecture and Enterprise Management Solutions is recommended. Detailed Technical literature and specifications of each and every item of computer and communication stack and solution recommended is appended to the report. Even though the report was prepared in 1995 it can be of interest for critical studies on history of ICT development in India especially in agricultural sector and for comparison of quality of systems and recommendations of a specific time in the past.


The Archaeology Data Service (ADS) has a mandate to provide a digital repository for outputs from research funded by AHRC, NERC, English Heritage and other bodies. Archaeology has seen increasing use of the Web in recent years for data dissemination, and the ADS holds a wide range of datasets from archaeological excavations. However datasets and applications are currently fragmented and isolated. Different terminology and data organisation hinders search and comparison across datasets. Because of these impediments, archaeological data is rarely reused and re-examined in light of evolving research questions and interpretations. The STAR project addressed these concerns by developing semantic and natural language processing techniques to link digital archive databases and the associated grey literature, via an overarching framework (the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, extended for archaeological purposes by English Heritage). STELLAR aimed to generalise and extend the data extraction tools produced by STAR to facilitate their adoption by third party data providers. The extracted data is represented in standard formats to allow the datasets to be cross searched and linked by a variety of Semantic Web tools, following a linked data approach. As a result, the ADS has begun to ingest some of its excavation data into a triple store and expose it as linked data. This paper will briefly discuss the STAR and STELLAR projects to provide context to the ADS linked data. It will also outline the technologies used to develop the ADS triple store and linked data output. In particular, it will discuss the more practical details of creating our triple store, populating it with excavation data, and finally publishing it as linked data. This will hopefully provide some guidance for other interested parties who may want to set up something similar. Finally, with the ADS linked data as a concrete example, an overview of the suspected future directions will be outlined. In particular how we can enrich the existing and forthcoming linked data with both archaeological and non-archaeological data in addition to how the ADS linked data can enrich other data sets. In this sense we hope to identify some of the immediate and potential archaeological questions that can be asked and answered from our linked data.


This letter presents a data-driven decentralized trajectory optimization approach for multi-robot motion planning in dynamic environments. When navigating in a shared space, each robot needs accurate motion predictions of neighboring robots to achieve predictive collision avoidance. These motion predictions can be obtained among robots by sharing their future planned trajectories with each other via communication. However, such communication may not be available nor reliable in practice. In this letter, we introduce a novel trajectory prediction model based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) that can learn multi-robot motion behaviors from demonstrated trajectories generated using a centralized sequential planner. The learned model can run efficiently online for each robot and provide interaction-aware trajectory predictions of its neighbors based on observations of their history states. We then incorporate the trajectory prediction model into a decentralized model predictive control (MPC) framework for multi-robot collision avoidance. Simulation results show that our decentralized approach can achieve a comparable level of performance to a centralized planner while being communication-free and scalable to a large number of robots. We also validate our approach with a team of quadrotors in real-world experiments.


1976; Kevin Sharpe, Sir Robert Cotton 1586–1631: History and Politics in Early Modern England, Oxford, 1979; Graham Parry, Trophies of Time: English Antiquarians of the Seventeenth Century, Oxford, 1995. 3 D. R. Woolf, The Idea of History in Early Stuart England: Erudition, Ideology and 'the Light of Truth' from the Accession of James I to the Civil War, Toronto, 1990. 4 D. R. Woolf, Reading History in Early Modern England, Cambridge, 2001. 5 D. R. Woolf, 'A Feminine Past? Gender, Genre and Historical Knowledge in England, 1500–1800', American Historical Review 102: 3, 1997, pp. 645–79. 6 Adam Fox, Oral and Literate Culture in England 1500–1700, Oxford, 2000, chap. 4; Keith Thomas, The Perception of the Past in Early Modern England, The Creighton Lecture 1983, London, 1984. 7 Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change, 2 vols in 1, Cambridge, 1979; Walter J. Ong, Orality and Literacy: the Technologizing of the Word, London and New York, 1982. 8 Adrian Johns,The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in theMaking, Chicago, 1998. 9 Margaret Aston, 'English Ruins and English History: the Dissolution and the Sense of the Past', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 36, 1973, pp. 231–55. 10 I am currently engaged in research on these and other post-Reformation landscape legends. Ronald Hutton, 'The English Reformation and the Evidence of Folklore', Past and Present 148, 1995, pp. 89–116. 11 See, among others, Richard W. Southern, 'Aspects of the European Tradition of Historical Writing: 4: The Sense of the Past', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser. 23, 1973, pp. 243–63. 12 Michael T. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066–1307, Oxford, 1979. 13 See, among others, Patrick J. Geary, Phantoms of Remembrance: Memory and Oblivion at the End of the First Millennium, Princeton, 1994 and The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages, ed. Yitzhak Hen and Matthew Innes, Cambridge, 2000.


In this paper the influence of accumulation and distribution of ions in plant shoots on acclimation to salt stress of cowpea and sorghum plants was studied. The plants were subjected to two treatments: control (nutrient solution without addition of NaCl) and saline (nutrient solution containing 75 mM of NaCl). Sorghum showed a higher tolerance to salt stress in comparison to cowpea, mainly after the 10th day of stress. Cowpea showed higher shoot ion accumulation than sorghum, which behaved as a plant with good capacity of ion exclusion. The higher accumulation of potentially toxic ions in cowpea leaves contributed to the increase in leaf succulence. Although the exclusion or retention of ions observed in stressed plants of sorghum had produced a certain degree of leaf dehydration, it seemed to be a much more efficient mechanism of stress acclimation than the excessive accumulation of ions in leaf tissues of cowpea plants.


To determine whether functional T- and B-cells can affect differentiation and/or proliferation of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, their numbers in SCID mice (genotype, C.B.-17/Icr-scid/scid) were compared with those of control mice (genotype, C.B.-17/Icr-+/+) on days 8, 12 and 16 of pregnancy. Using biotinylated-Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) lectin staining, uNK cells can be readily classified into 4 subtypes, I to IV, from immature to mature types. The number of uNK cells was significantly lower in the decidua basalis of SCID mice than in that of control mice on day 8 of pregnancy. Particularly, the number of uNK cells of immature subtype II was significantly lower in SCID mice than in the control mice. By day 12, however, the uNK cell number in the SCID mice reached the same level as that of the control mice. It is likely that uNK cell differentiation in SCID mice was delayed during the early placentation period due to a lack of functional T and B cells.


The main purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the phenomenon of child abuse. It is intended to present some of the main facts and findings insofar as they have emerged in clinical and empirical work as well as some of the speculations which are enmeshed in such work. Additionally it is the intention to place the topic into a wider socio-cultural context which must inevitably involve some comment on political and economic factors. Perhaps it should be added that having embarked on such a global approach this paper cannot do more than act as an introduction to the topic of child abuse. This however may serve as a means by which interest is aroused in it and concern shared over a phenomenon which is an embarrassment to any civilised society. This concern has been rekindled over the past decade. The use of the word "rekindled" is deliberate since the literature of the United Kingdom and the U.S.A. has, to my knowledge, not really ceased to cover this topic since the great debates and activities surrounding the formation of societies for the protection of children in both countries toward the close of the last century. More recently however, clinicians, particularly in America, pointed the way to a revival of concern in the causation of non-accidental injuries to young children and equally important, have generated an interest in prevention and generally management of the problem.


Background:

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become the cornerstone of medical treatment for acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. To date, there is a distinct lack of understanding about the recent UK trends in PPI use and evidence about the association between the increased risk of these drugs and the potential adverse effects, in particular the risk of infection, remains questionable. The publication of contradictory findings in several research studies further compounds this situation.

Aim and Objectives:

This thesis aimed to examine the epidemiology of PPI use in general practices in the UK, and the side effects of PPI, mainly their proposed infective complications.
The specific objectives were:
• To determine the prevalence and pattern of PPI prescription, and to identify the practices employed to reduce PPI use in the UK general population.
• To examine the risk of community-acquired pneumonia before and after the administration of PPI and to assess whether unmeasured confounding explains this association.
• To determine whether the mechanism by which PPIs induce an increased risk of infection is supported by the same mechanism acting in another cause of achlorhydria, pernicious anaemia.

Methods:

This thesis describes work conducted using the UK's Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD) and, for some studies in this project, a subset of the CPRD linked to the hospital records from the Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) database. Firstly, the CPRD was used to estimate the annual prevalence of PPI use during the period 1990-2013. In this study, new users of PPI therapy who had five years of follow-up data were identified to describe patterns of cessation and duration of PPI use. Secondly, cohort (analysed using Cox regression and prior event rate ratio) and self-controlled case series studies were conducted to examine the risk of community-acquired pneumonia and PPI exposure. Thirdly, a cohort of pernicious anaemia patients was used to estimate the risk of infections (community-acquired pneumonia and Clostridium difficile infection) compared to controls to examine whether a reduction in gastric acidity might be the underlying mechanism of the increased risk of these infections.

Findings:

1) There was a considerable increase in the administration of PPI prescriptions in UK general practice such that both the period and point prevalence of PPI use increased between 1990 and 2012 (period prevalence increased from 0.2% to 14.8% and point prevalence from 0.03 % to 7.7%). Of new users of PPI therapy, 27% used PPI therapy over a long-term basis (≥1 year continuously), while 4% remained on PPI therapy for five years. Clear attempts to step down the dosage were identified in 41% of long-term users.
2) Among 320, 000 patients, including 160 ,000 new PPI users, the risk of community-acquired pneumonia was 1.67 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.55 to 1.79) times higher for patients exposed to PPIs than it was for the controls. Among the 48,451 PPI-exposed patients with a record of community-acquired pneumonia, the relative incidence rate ratio was 1.19 (95%CI 1.14 to 1.25) in the 30 days after a PPI prescription but was higher in the 30 days before a PPI prescription (1.92, 95%CI 1.84 to 2.00). This reduction in the increased risk in PPI users after prescription was also reflected in the prior event rate of 0.91 (95%CI 0.83 to 0.99).
3) A total of 45,467 pernicious anaemia patients were identified and matched to 449,635 controls. Patients with a pernicious anaemia diagnosis had a higher risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia than the control group (adjusted hazard ratio(HR)1.24, 95%CI 1.21 to 1.26); however, this risk decreased when a stricter definition of pernicious anaemia was applied, and the data was further restricted to incident diagnosis. The findings also suggest that pernicious anaemia patients have a 57% increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.40 -1.76) and this association persisted when we limited the analysis to a subgroup with a more restrictive definition of pernicious anaemia diagnosis, or to incident cases.

Conclusions:

This research revealed that there was a high prevalence of PPI prescribing in the primary care setting and that there are considerable opportunities available to reduce the cost and side effects of PPI use through improving adherence to recommended withdrawal strategies. In addition, the studies investigating the proposed infective complications of PPI use on which we focussed in this thesis add important data to the development of a safety profile of PPI use.


ABSTRACT The measurement of snow depth based on temperature brightness with passive microwave sensing is still achallenging problem. Snow depth for the snow cover hydrological model and climate model is asignificant input parameter. Hence, this study concentrates on Inversion Model Assisted Vector Analysis (IMAV) for estimating snow depth in north Xinjiang based on the brightness of temperature. Further, the estimated set of IMAV has been hybridized to address the problem. The results suggested that for both horizontal and vertically polarized PMW radiation the IMAV outperforms SVM at 11.05, 19.6, and 38.4 GHz. If the root mean square error (RMSE) in the IMAV performance is 8 K or below, compared with anormal SVM calculation, then the average over the nine-year study period across the North Xinjiang region of China, the failure correlation coefficient is 7 or greater. Compared with SVM tests, the RMSE was decreased by more than 17% for any of the six frequencies and polarization combinations evaluated, while the anomaly coefficient was raised by more than 50%.Such results suggest that the IMAV is asuperior alternative to the SVM for subsequent use in adata assimilation system as acalculating operator.


To overcome the limitations of Steinberg's theory for evaluating the mechanical safety of the solder joints of spaceborne electronics in a launch random vibration environment, a critical strain-based methodology was proposed and validated in a previous study. However, in order to apply the critical strain-based methodology to mechanical design of spaceborne electronics with high confidence, its effectiveness must be validated under various conditions of the package mounting locations and the first eigenfrequencies of a printed circuit board (PCB); achieving this validation is the primary objective of this study. For the experimental validation, PCB specimens with ball grid array (BGA) packages mounted on various board locations were fabricated and exposed to a random vibration environment to assess the fatigue life of the solder joint. The effectiveness of the critical strain-based methodology was validated through a comparison of the fatigue life of the packages under test and to the margin of safety, which was estimated using various analytical approaches.


Objective
To explore the effects of swallow-feeding management in patients with dysphagia after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
By convenient sampling, 53 TBI patients from the Forth Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center) from January 2016 to December received a conventional rehabilitation program as the control group. 52 TBI patients from January 2017 to December were recruited into the observation group, while they received the swallow-feeding training and rehabilitation nursing intervention in comparison with the conventional rehabilitation program received in the above control group. The therapeutic effects were evaluated in the two groups through comparing swallowing function pre and post the 30-days interventions, respectively.

Results
Before intervention the swallowing function of the observation group was graded as grade I (0 example), grade Ⅱ (16 examples), grade Ⅲ (14 examples), grade Ⅳ (14 examples) and grade Ⅴ (8 examples) respectively, while the swallowing function of the control group was graded as grade Ⅰ (0 example), grade Ⅱ (11 examples), grade Ⅲ(13 examples), grade Ⅳ (18 examples) and grade Ⅴ (11 examples) respectively before intervention. The difference in the degrees of the swallowing function had no statistical significance between the control group and the observation group before interventions (Z=-1.268, P=0.205). After intervention the swallowing function of the observation group was graded as grade Ⅰ (20 example), grade Ⅱ (19 examples), grade Ⅲ (10 examples), grade Ⅳ (2 examples) and grade Ⅴ (8 examples) respectively. Meanwhile the swallowing function of the control group was graded as grade Ⅰ (8 example), grade Ⅱ (19 examples), grade Ⅲ (13 examples), grade Ⅳ (10 examples) and grade Ⅴ(3 examples) respectively after intervention. Hence, The difference in the degrees of the swallowing function had statistical significance between the observation group (Z=-6.222, P<0.01) and control group (Z=-5.892, P<0.01) pre and post interventions. Moreover, the improvement of swallowing function in the observation group was larger than that of the control group and the difference in the degree of the swallowing function have statistics significance between the two groups (Z=-3.265, P<0.01). The food intake of the two groups were observed for 30 days, and the results revealed that there were 1 502 cases and 808 cases in respiratory aspiration in the control group and observation group respectively. It can be seen that the incident rate of respiratory aspiration was significantly lower in the observation group than that of the control group (χ2=52.567, P=0.047).

Conclusion
The Swallow-feeding management can improve the swallowing function, effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory aspiration and also enhance the quality of life in TBI patients.

Key words:
Traumatic brain injury; Deglutition disorder; Rehabilitation nursing


The increase in global migration means more immigrants are ageing in host countries with unique experiences and needs. Muslim immigrants in Canada are from diverse ethnocultural communities and experience unmet health and social needs in older age. A community-based participatory research project was conducted in Alberta, Canada, in 2017-2018 to understand the experiences and needs of healthy ageing in this population. A community advisory committee participated in all phases of the research project including initial framing of the research focus, recruitment, data collection and data analysis. In total, 67 older adults and stakeholders from South Asian, Arab and African Muslim communities participated in one of 23 individual interviews or seven focus group discussions over a 1-year period. Participants were asked about their experiences of growing old in Canada, unmet health and social needs, and community perspectives on healthy ageing. All data were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Interpreters were used for non-English speaking participants. Data were thematically analysed with a focus on social isolation and loneliness. Using an exclusion lens two major themes were identified: (a) intersections of exclusion: ageism, sexism, racism, and; (b) strategies for inclusion: local, national, transnational. Findings highlight both the vulnerability of Muslim immigrant older adults and their capacity for agency. The study findings point to the intersecting influences of exclusionary practices on social isolation and loneliness in immigrant older adults and the need to incorporate an exclusion lens in developing social policies and programs for healthy ageing.


Purpose During diverting ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer patients who underwent previous sphincter-saving surgery, the extent of adhesion formation around the ileostomy site affects operative and postoperative outcomes. Anchoring sutures placed at the time of the ileostomy procedure may reduce adhesions around the ileostomy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of anchoring sutures on the degree of adhesion formation and the postoperative course at the time of ileostomy reversal. Methods Patients who underwent sphincter-saving surgery with diverting ileostomy for rectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2017 were enrolled. Variables including the peritoneal dhesion index (PAI) score, operation time, the length of resected small bowel, operative complications, and postoperative hospital stay were collected prospectively and compared between the anchoring group (AG) and non-anchoring group (NAG). Results A total of 90 patients were included in this study, with 60 and 30 patients in the AG and NAG, respectively. The AG had shorter mean operation time (46.88 ± 16.37 minutes vs. 61.53 ± 19.36 minutes, P = 0.001) and lower mean PAI score (3.02 ± 2.53 vs. 5.80 ± 2.60, P = 0.001), compared with the NAG. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the AG and NAG (5.0% vs. 13.3%, respectively; P = 0.240). Conclusion Anchoring sutures at the formation of a diverting ileostomy could decrease the adhesion score and operation time at ileostomy reversal, thus may be effective in improving perioperative outcomes.


Various sources of uncertainty greatly affect the life of structural components of gas turbines. Probabilistic approaches provide a means to evaluate these uncertainties; however, the accuracy of these approaches often remains unknown. Published quantitative studies of the effectiveness of various uncertainty quantification techniques are usually based on very simple examples. This is contrasted by the large-size finite element models that are used for complex geometries of critical structural parts such as turbine blades or nozzles. In such real-life applications the expenses of the "function calls" (runs of these models) preclude systematic studies of probabilistic methods. These expenses are attributed not only to the actual runs of the model, but to the difficulties in parametrically changing the model as well. Such a "complexity gap" leads to a justifiable concern over whether the trends identified in academic studies are relevant to these industrial applications. As a result, structural engineers end up with the number of function calls that they can afford rather than what would be needed for the required level of accuracy. The present effort intends to bridge this gap by studying a mid level problem: a simplified notional finite element model of a gas turbine component is presented. Despite its simplicity, the model is designed to reflect the major features of more realistic models. The parametric changes of the model are fully automated, which allows for performing an extensive set of benchmark tests that help to determine the relative merits of various existing probabilistic techniques for component life assessment. Several meta-modeling techniques are investigated and their performance compared based on direct sampling methods. In this context, various Design of Experiments (DoE) methods are studied. The results are used to construct the Response Surface Equations (RSE) as well as the kriging models. It is emphasized that changes in the relative locations of the critical points induced by variation of independent parameters can critically affect the overall fidelity of the modeling; the means of remedying such a degradation in precision are discussed. Finally, it is shown that when the ranges of independent variables are large, kriging generally provides precision that is an order of magnitude better than RSE for the same DoE.© 2003 ASME


Abstract We present a continuum model for melt water drainage through a spatially distributed system of connected subglacial cavities, and consider in this context the complications introduced when effective pressure or water pressure drops to zero. Instead of unphysically allowing water pressure to become negative, we model the formation of a partially vapour- or air-filled space between ice and bed. Likewise, instead of allowing sustained negative effective pressures, we allow ice to separate from the bed at zero effective pressure. The resulting model is a free boundary problem in which an elliptic obstacle problem determines hydraulic potential, and therefore also determines regions of zero effective pressure and zero water pressure. This is coupled with a transport problem for stored water, and the coupled system bears some similarities with Hele-Shaw and squeeze-film models. We present a numerical method for computing time-dependent solutions, and find close agreement with semi-analytical travelling wave and steady-state solutions. As may be expected, we find that ice–bed separation is favoured by high fluxes and low ice surface slopes and low bed slopes, while partially filled cavities are favoured by low fluxes and high slopes. At the boundaries of regions with zero water or effective pressure, discontinuities in water level are frequently present, either in the form of propagating shocks or as stationary hydraulic jumps accompanied by discontinuities in potential gradient.


The real world exhibits an abundance of non-stationary textures. Examples include textures with large scale structures, as well as spatially variant and inhomogeneous textures. While existing example-based texture synthesis methods can cope well with stationary textures, non-stationary textures still pose a considerable challenge, which remains unresolved. In this paper, we propose a new approach for example-based non-stationary texture synthesis. Our approach uses a generative adversarial network (GAN), trained to double the spatial extent of texture blocks extracted from a specific texture exemplar. Once trained, the fully convolutional generator is able to expand the size of the entire exemplar, as well as of any of its sub-blocks. We demonstrate that this conceptually simple approach is highly effective for capturing large scale structures, as well as other non-stationary attributes of the input exemplar. As a result, it can cope with challenging textures, which, to our knowledge, no other existing method can handle.


An ecological approach to understanding insecure attachments and social isolation among people with an intellectual disability is constructed using Gibson's (1979/1986) affordance-based theory. Although environmental affordances and individual limitations interact to limit the development of social competence, we believe that by focusing on the immediate environment, community-based approaches to helping people with an intellectual disability are often ignored, which increases the burden on individual caregivers. A more comprehensive strategy, which extends Gibson's theory of affordances, allows us to consider how higher level social systems influence the immediate environment and provides the context for understanding why successful change occurs when a multifaceted, holistic approach that works on several levels is adopted. Examining these systems within an ecological framework fundamentally redefines our thinking by shifting the focus from a person's disability to a more nuanced understanding of a person's abilities within the context of appropriate environmental supports in which the person's disability becomes less salient.


The author questions both the scientific evidence and potential effect of the current trend to change the language used to describe certain serious mental illnesses (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar affective disorder) to "brain diseases." It is argued that changing nomenclature will not be effective in reducing stigma unless the treatment and financial circumstances of the seriously mentally ill are improved. Finally, it is suggested that we need to expand our understanding and treatment of "physical illnesses" to encompass the social and psychological dimensions, not narrow our view of psychiatric illnesses.


For radiometric calibration of ASTER TIR and Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal infrared band, vicarious calibration (VC) and cross calibration (CC) experiments were carried out in Lake Tahoe (Nevada), Salton Sea (California), and Railroad Valley (Nevada) in 2000. For Salton Sea and Railroad Valley, ground temperature measurements were conducted in large playas during overpasses of these satellites. For Lake Tahoe, airborne MASTER data were acquired. Atmospheric profile data were obtained by radiosonde during the experiments. These calibration results show that the radiant temperature of ASTER TIR, based on the on-board blackbody, is lower than those of VC/CC at high temperature, the ETM+ band 6 is 3/spl deg/C (except in Railroad Valley) higher than those of VC/CC. VC/CC accuracy is better than 1/spl deg/C (radiometric calibration requirement of ASTER TIR).


An apparatus has been designed, constructed and tested for measurements of resistivity and thermopower, having the following novel features:-
I) buffer amplifiers with driven shields to make measurements on highly resistive specimens,
II) "in house" software and hardware developed to automate the measurements and,
III) a new method of temperature measurement for thermopower studies.

Measurements have been carried out on single crystal ZnxFe3_x04 and MnxFe3_x04 with 0<X<1 in the temperature range 4.2K-300K.

The results strongly suggest that substitutional disorder plays an important role in the electrical transport properties of ferrites. The electrical conductivity for high X near 300K is interpreted in terms of nearest-neighbour hopping. The temperature dependence of G(a7')=dLn(<77')/d( 1/T) between 300K and 100K and the concentration dependence of G(crT) at 100K provides evidence for the formation of a Coulomb Gap at low X. At low temperatures, variable-range and many-electron hopping for high and low X respectively is observed. An estimate of the effective radius of the carrier wavefunction is obtained from the conductivity measurements, which at ~0.4A is comparable to that previously deduced for nickel ferrite.

For all X a peak in the thermopower at about 50K was observed. The peak for high X has been attributed to the high temperature limit of variable- range hopping, while for low X interpreted as the transition from activation across a Coulomb Gap to many-electron hopping. In the high temperature range, the temperature variation is shown to be consistent with degenerate statistics for low X and non-degenerate statistics for high X. In the latter case it is possible to extract the dopant concentrations, which compare favourably with the values found by Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA). The high temperature thermopower and resistivity behaviour have been used to deduce the variation of the energy width of the conduction states, or bandwidth, with X and this is shown to be consistent with the expected behaviour. A polaron energy of ~0.04eV is calculated at 300K for high values of X, which compares favourably with previous work.


The research study focuses on the effects of relief food aid on food production and consumption patterns of communal farmers in Chigodora Ward 15, Mutare District. The researcher adopted a descriptive research design. Data collection instruments used in this research study included questionnaires, interviews as well as published documents. Questionnaires targeted households in selected villages. The researcher used a cluster sampling strategy in selecting villages and random sampling technique was used to select households from the selected villages. Interviews targeted key informants such as the Agritex Extension Officer, Mutare Rural District Council Social Services Director, and Chitakatira Health Care leader, Ward 15 Councilor, Plan International Selection Director and The Village Heads. Key informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The researcher found out that relief food aid beneficiaries in Chigodora Ward 15 receive maize, beans, cooking oil and porridge on a monthly basis. Plan international is the only humanitarian organization which supplies food in the community. Since the involvement of food aid agencies in Chigodora, production of indigenous crops such as finger millet, sorghum and rapoko decreased. New crops such as peas are now grown. The major factors driving the persistence of relief food are HIV and AIDS, climate change, lack of fair distribution of farming inputs, the restructuring of the agricultural system and dependency syndrome. Short term impacts of relief food aid on food production and access include impacts on local taste, promotes laziness and compromises access to local foods. Long term impacts mentioned were, overall decrease in food production, disincentives on farmers to produce and exposure to low quality and unsafe products. The suggest the government of Zimbabwe needs to adequately assist and empower communal farmers to produce enough food from their fields through modern technologies as well as providing farmers with loans for inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and equipment to improve productivity.


Longyearbyen, the administrative centre of the Svalbard archipelago, is facing most types of natural hazards under a changing Arctic climate. The catastrophic avalanche in December 2015 led NGI to review our professional work during 30 years of research and consulting in the community. Hazard zonation in Longyearbyen has been a tool in area planning, not for hazard assessment of developed areas, and mainly done during the early 1990s based on current knowledge and methods. The procedures for avalanche warning in Longyearbyen reflects that avalanche release is primarily a consequence of drifting snow, embedded surface snow and collapse of cornices. The first indication in meteorological data of a change in climate was a heavy rainfall midwinter 1995/96, years before global warming of the Arctic was documented. Field research in the 1990s documented that runout in terms of α-angle is longer in cold regions than in other areas. NGI has advised the local administration to revise the old hazard zones taking changing climate and up-dated knowledge and methods into account. The worst-case scenario in Longyearbyen will be a change towards present-day Norwegian Coastal climate with corresponding large avalanches, as well as increasing depth of the active layer and ditto potential for larger and more frequent debris flows and rockslides. Authorities and experts are facing challenging and difficult decisions concerning hazard zoning in a changing climate, design of mitigative measures, removal of exposed houses and extensive costs.


The main aim of this transversal study was to examine the relevant differences between the constructs of quality of life and exercise motivation among male and female adolescents of average and increased body mass. The sample included high school students from Valjevo (N = 337). The average age of the participants was M = 16.53 years (SD = .38). Two measuring instruments were used: The Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2) and The Kidscreen Questionnaire -27 (TKQ). The results of the Cronbach's alpha suggested that the questionnaires used in the research have satisfactory level of reliability and internal consistency, and are valid for assessing adolescent population in Serbia. The research has shown that there are internal and external motives for adolescents' exercise motivation, and that the male adolescents more favourably perceive the quality of life. Statistically significant gender differences were found, there was higher level of the evaluation of the TKQ construct among male adolescents than female adolescents which is the consequence of a more substantial view of physical well-being, pleasant feelings and moods, good family and social environment, as well as the ability to organize and arrange free time. It was also found that participants with average body mass prefer the perception of own physical activity and health more than their peers with increased body mass. Male adolescents do physical exercise for enjoyment, challenge, competition, strength and endurance, as well as for social reasons (factors such as belonging to a group, pressure, and acceptance), whereas female participants are more willing to exercise in order to control their body mass. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test revealed relevant gender differences: adolescents with average body mass are more likely to exercise because they enjoy the activity, while adolescents with increased body mass are more stimulated by the possibility of body mass regulation (p ≤ .01). This research discussed practical implications of the results on creating the motivation for exercise and quality of life among adolescents of both sexes with normal and increased body mass (BM).


The prosodic realization of English question tags (QTs) has received some interest in the literature; yet corpus studies on the factors affecting their phrasing and intonational realization are very rare or limited to a certain aspect. This article presents a quantitative corpus study of 370 QTs from the International Corpus of English that were annotated for prosodic phrasing and intonational realization of the QT and the host. Factors tested were polarity, position in the sentence and the turn as well as verb type. Generally, prosodic phrasing and intonational realization were highly correlated: separate QTs were mostly realized with a falling contour, while integrated QTs were mostly rising. Results from regression models showed a strong effect of polarity: QTs with an opposite polarity were more often phrased separately compared to QTs with constant polarity, but the phrasing of opposite polarity QTs was further dependent on whether the QT was negative or positive (more separate phrasing in negative QTs). Furthermore, prosodic separation was more frequent at the end of syntactic phrases and clauses compared to phrase-medial QTs. At the end of a turn, speakers realized more rising contours compared to QTs within a speaker's turn. Verb type also had an effect on the phrasing of the tag. Taken together, our results confirm some of the claims previously held for QTs, while others are modified and new findings are added.


In this paper, we propose a phase field method for the numerical simulations of a moving solid object in two-phase flows. A three-phase Cahn–Hilliard and Navier–Stokes model is employed for this problem. The solid region is represented by a single phase in the three-phase system. The rigidity constraint of the solid phase and the no-slip boundary condition on the solid-fluid interface is imposed by attributing a high viscosity to the solid phase. The solid velocity is then averaged over the solid phase region by the momentum conservation of solid phase. In the aspect of numerics, we design an efficient adaptive finite element method to solve the problem. Several numerical simulation results are given to show the capacity and efficiency of our model and numerical method.


Complete occlusion in any of the coronary vessels leads to a myocardial infarction. The role of fluid mechanical forces in atheroma development has been widely accepted because of preferential plaque growth at certain locations of the vessel geometry, such as a bifurcation or regions of high degrees of curvature. Areas of low and/or oscillatory shear stress have been correlated with atheroma development [1]. In order to determine the relationship between fluid mechanical stresses and development of lesions in the coronary vessels, it is important to analyze the fluid mechanics in actual three-dimensional geometries, incorporating the time-dependent translation and geometric alterations of these vessels [2,3].


are imperialistic, but always seeks to give them a humanitarian or civilizing aspect. In giving a picture of modern imperialism, Professor Moon has undertaken to put together many specific incidents that have taken place in various parts of the world during the past fifty or sixty years, and to work them into one intelligible whole. This involves, as he says, &dquo;fitting together into one narrative such apparently unrelated persons as Gladstone and Gandhi, Roosevelt and Cecil Rhodes, Menelik and Mussolini, Kaiser Wilhelm II and King Thebaw.&dquo; It means &dquo;combining in one story the Entente Cordiale and the Chinese Consortium, Dollar Diplomacy and pound sterling politics, alliances and loans, foreign missions and raw materials.&dquo; It means viewing &dquo;as parts of one political panorama the Near East and the Far East, Mexico and Morocco, the Philippines and Fiji, Turkestan and Transvaal, Congo and Cuba.&dquo; In the body of the book the author tells the story of Africa from the day of Livingstone and Stanley to the present time, he states the recurring problems of the Balkans, of Turkey and of Persia, he describes the rivalry of the powers in the Far East and in the Pacific, and the recent advance of the United States in the Caribbean area. As those familiar with the author's excellent Syllabus on International Relations (published in 19f5) would expect, the present volume is based on an exhaustive use of


Aim: To determine the frequency of UTI in children presented with diarrhea. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: Pediatrics department of Alkhidmat Hospital, Peshawar and Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore for six months duration from October 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: Total 120 patients of both gender with ages 2 months to 5 years were enrolled in this study. After taking written consent from parents/guardians, detailed demographics including age, sex, residence, severity and complete medical history were examined and recorded. Urine samples were obtained for examination of urine culture. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: There were 78 (65%) males while 42 (35%) patients were females. 58 (48.33%) patients were ages <1 years, 45 (37.5%) had ages between 1 to 3 years and 17 (14.17%) were ages of >3 years. 36 (30%) patients had mild, 50 (41.67%) had moderate and 34 (28.33%) had severe diarrhea. UTI was found in 40 (33.33%) patients. E.coli was the commonest organism found in 28 (70%) patients followed by K. pneumonia in 12 (30%) patients. Conclusion: Frequency of urinary tract infection was high among children with diarrhea. E.coli was the commonest organism associated with UTI. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Diarrhea, Children


In this study the permeability of two flavanol-C-glucosides (FCglcs) and five dimeric and trimeric flavan-3-ols, namely, procyanidins (PCs), was investigated with the human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) model. These compounds can be found especially in cocoa, and they are of great interest due to their assumed beneficial health effects. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and capacitance were measured online with a CellZscope device prior to and during the whole experiment to guarantee the maintenance of the barrier properties. The transport experiments with pure, single compounds (50-300 μM) from apical to basolateral side showed slight permeation of PCs A2, B2, and B5 and cinnamtannin B1 (CB1) as well as (-)-catechin-6-C-glucoside (C6Cglc) and (-)-catechin-8-C-glucoside (C8Cglc) of about 0.02-0.2% after 24 h. Transport of PC C1 could not be detected. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) increased the permeation of PC B2 and CB1 to the basolateral side, which indicates that Pgp counteracts the transport of these compounds. Metabolites (epicatechin, 3'- and 4'-O-epicatechin) in very small amounts were detectable only for PC B2. These are the first data concerning the permeability of flavan-3-ol-C-glucosides across the Caco-2 cell monolayer.


The relationship of the antepartum elevation in serum relaxin levels in pregnant rats to luteolysis was examined by determining the effects of the luteolysin prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin on antepartum serum relaxin levels, as well as on luteolysis and birth. Intravenous administration of PGF2 alpha on the morning of Day 20 elevated serum relaxin levels approximately fourfold within 15 min. Administration of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin from Day 19 until Day 23 protracted luteolysis, delayed or prevented birth, and delayed the antepartum elevation of serum relaxin levels, until after indomethacin treatment had been terminated. Collectively, these results indicate that prostaglandins, in particular PGF2 alpha, may promote the antepartum increase in serum relaxin levels, as well as luteolysis and birth in rats.


May 1 2013 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca (23-25 October 2013) Celebrating and Enhancing the Tourism Knowledge-based Platform: A Tribute to Jafar Jafari Heritage Tourism and Historic Preservation: An integrated approach towards resilience in cultural & heritage tourism destinations Carolina Manrique-Hoyos, Robert Warden, Tazim Jamal Resilience is becoming an increasingly important concept of academic study. Resilience is defined as "the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks" (Walker et al. 2004). Resilience in a tourism context has been defined as the "ability of social, economic or ecological systems to recover from tourism induced stress" (Tyrrell & Johnston, 2008). Managing change constitutes a key concern in order to address uncertainties associated with economic fluctuations, political instabilities, environmental hazards, climate change, etc., in tourism destinations. Historic Preservation and Heritage Tourism have also made the connection with the concept of resilience and its use in relation to climate change and environmental hazards, e.g. in disaster planning and recovery (Spennemann, 2007; Ritchie, 2009). This conference paper presentation argues for a new paradigm in tourism studies: An integrated approach to resiliency in Heritage Tourism and Historic Preservation, using resilience as an integral link between both areas, enables a sustainability-oriented approach to cultural heritage and tourism management. The conference paper and presentation will identify and discuss the use of resilience in a range of disciplinary areas and fields of study, including historic preservation and heritage tourism. An important aim of this exploration will be to understand and 'make visible' often neglected parameters in the interactions between social, cultural, economic and environmental dimensions in cultural heritage and tourism. Of especial interest in this interdisciplinary study is to examine not only how material and physical built heritage is being addressed in heritage management and resiliency planning, but also how intangible parameters are addressed, including the role of social, political, cultural, and ethnic values (Groat & Wang, 2002). Various notions and applications of resilience will be examined, such as the concept of cultural resilience (Jamal, 2013). A range of case examples will be used to illustrate how resilience parameters interact in this integrated approach to historic preservation and heritage tourism management. In Disaster Management, an important shift has occurred from a defensive approach focused in the vulnerability of communities (which concentrates on weaknesses to be improved in order to resist the impact of natural events) towards community resilience (which considers the strengths and proactive capacity for recovery after natural events impact) (Mayunga J. S., 2009). This shift opens new perspectives on the social dimension in disaster management: it recognizes the value of societal constructs such as the relationship between people and places, sense of community and identity. In Historic Preservation, i.e., "the management and conservation of our built heritage" (Columbia University, 2013), the preservation of tangible and intangible heritage has been recognized as having a decisive role in "the formation of a national consciousness, in national unity, and economic and social development. (Edson, 2004 ). Aspects connecting "community`s emotional links" with resilience are related to population wellness "defined as high and non-disparate levels of mental and behavioral health, functioning, and quality of life" (Norris et al. 2008). Intangible aspects of tourism related to resilience can similarly include, for instance, "social relations with, and social constructions of, `nature`" that are "deeply embedded in geopolitical and cultural influences" and "symbolic meanings and myths" (Graham, Ashworth, & Tunbridge 2000). Abstract May 1 2013 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca (23-25 October 2013)May 1 2013 Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca (23-25 October 2013) Celebrating and Enhancing the Tourism Knowledge-based Platform: A Tribute to Jafar Jafari An integrated approach to Historic Preservation and Heritage Tourism, through the bridging notion of cultural resilience, offers a valuable new narrative that challenges and complements managerialist scientific-based approaches to the sustainability of cultural & heritage tourism destinations.


Laminar boundary layer separation and separated shear layer development on a NACA 0025 airfoil at low Reynolds numbers were studied experimentally. Flow visualization, hot-wire velocity measurements, and time-resolved surface pressure measurements were employed in this investigation. The results for two distinct flow regimes, namely, flow separation without subsequent shear layer reattachment and separation bubble formation, are discussed in detail. For both flow regimes, the transition occurs due to the amplification of natural flow disturbances in the separated shear layer. Initially, disturbances within a band of frequencies centred at some fundamental frequency are amplified. Further downstream, non-linear interactions set in, leading to a breakdown to turbulence. Based on the spectral and correlation analysis of velocity and surface pressure fluctuations, it is demonstrated that the amplification of disturbances and the attendant fluctuations in the flow velocity give rise to distinct surface pressure fluctuations at the fundamental frequency. Thus, time-resolved surface pressure measurements can be employed to estimate important unsteady characteristics of the separated flow region on an airfoil operating in low Reynolds flows.


From the Publisher:
Completely revised and updated, the Handbook of Information Security Management 1998 continues to report how the best and the brightest security experts handle some of the most challenging security problems. The Handbook of Information Security Management 1998 provides dozens of case studies and analyses showing you how to protect your data systems and data.


The system of rate equations which describes the localised transition model for thermoluminescence is solved numerically. First-order glow curves have been obtained for all of the trap parameters considered. Detrapping of electrons occurs preferentially via the localised transition at low heating rates and via the conduction band at high heating rates. The heating-rate method can be used to determine the depths of the electron trap below the localised excited state and the conduction band.


Telehealth is becoming an increasingly used service delivery model in rehabilitation services. There are a myriad of reasons for its use. Telehealth has the potential to alleviate provider shortages, decrease costs associated with providing therapy, and allow for treatment within a client's natural environment. The purpose of this evidence-based practice review was to answer the question, "Are web-based rehabilitation services effective for children under the age of 16, as measured by discipline specific outcomes and/or satisfaction with services provided?" In regard to satisfaction with telehealth services, it appears there is evidence to support the use of telehealth in pediatric OT.