Mr. President, fellow members of the American Orthopaedic Association, distinguished guests, ladies, and gentlemen:

I want to thank you for the honor you have bestowed upon me. This is a proud moment, and, like my predecessors, I am both humbled and excited by the task you have set for me. The humbling part, by the way, came quickly, as soon as I started preparing for this speech. There is nothing quite so intimidating as going back through the history of our Association and reviewing the thoughtful commentaries of its past leaders. But as I did so, and as I took stock of our current situation, my excitement began to build.

I found, in my reading, that our history as an association is as rich and diverse as the worlds of science and medicine, paralleling the changes in our society and nation. It is replete with the timely words and exceptional deeds of renowned medical and scientific thinkers and scholars who led this Association from its beginnings, back in 1887, with the election of its first President, Dr. Virgil Gibney—although in those days we were considered nothing more than "fitters of apparatus," according to our fourth President, Dr. DeForest Willard19.

Then the American Orthopaedic Association entered the twentieth century—a century of extraordinary discovery and remarkable advances in orthopaedic surgery6.

Stu Weinstein, in his 1997 Presidential Address, observed: "At its inception, The American Orthopaedic Association had only one purpose, which was unmistakable and unambiguous: the advancement of orthopaedic science and art, a goal aimed at the establishment of our specialty as a recognized branch of medicine."18

This original purpose has changed and expanded over our 112 years of existence. Our current mission statement, adopted last year, reads as follows: To build our second century of leadership and …


The current state-of-art in managing system reliability is geared towards the development of life-prediction models for unaged pristine materials under known loading conditions based on relationships such as the Paris's Power Law [Paris, et. al 1960, 1961], Coffin-Manson Relationship [Coffin 1954; Tavernelli, et. al. 1959; Smith, et. al. 1964; Manson, et. al. 1964] and the S-N Diagram. There is need for methods and processes which will allow interrogation of complex systems and sub-systems to determine the remaining useful life prior to repair or replacement. This capability of determination of material or system state is called "prognosis". In this paper, a methodology for prognosis-of-electronics has been demonstrated with data of leading indicators of failure for accurate assessment of product damage significantly prior to appearance of any macro-indicators of damage. Proxies for leading indicators of failure have been developed including – micro-structural evolution characterized by average phase size and interfacial stresses at interface of silicon structures. Structures examined include – electronics package, MEMS Packages and interconnections on a metal backed printed circuit board typical of electronics deployed in harsh environments. Since, an aged material knows its state the research presented in this paper focuses on enhancing the understanding of material damage to facilitate proper interrogation of material state. Mathematical relationship has been developed between phase growth rate and time-to-1-percent failure to enable the computation of damage manifested and a forward estimate of residual life.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Increasing demand for high data-rate multimedia real time services has led to the use of asynchronous time shared channels in the forward link for real-time services in 3G wireless networks, such as HSDPA, EV-DO and EV-DV. While network service providers would like to impose operational policies on the packet schedulers based on QoS requirements by real-time services to maximize profit, existing schedulers are not capable to deal with such challenge due to time varying channel conditions and constraints on the total forward link transmit power. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling users on the forward link in a multiuser system where multiple users can be scheduled during each interval. We introduce a delay aware policy driven scheduling algorithm SPS-Delay (Strict Policy Scheduling for Delay) to support differentiated QoS requirements in the form of tolerable latency specified by the user applications. We developed an HSDPA system in OPNET, and implemented our scheduling algorithm along with other well- known algorithms. Our simulations show that SPS-Delay reduces packet drop rate by as much as 80% and increases the number of satisfied users by as much as 32% when compared to PF.


Abstract This article describes three individuals who live full and satisfying lives despite aphasia following stroke. The three were deliberately chosen to reflect different types and severities of aphasia and lengths of time post onset, as well as different prestroke lifestyles and circumstances. Commonalities as well as unique features of their successful adjustments are discussed. The article then compares them in a general way to a larger sample of individuals who live well with aphasia and contrasts them to another larger sample of individuals who have been less able to establish fulfilling lives following stroke and aphasia. Implications for counseling aphasic individuals and their families are discussed.


The Hanging and other works (Ardous Intend Tulca 08)Galway Arts Centre Nov/ Dec 2008 A project curated (by George Bolster) into the Ardous Intent exhibition of the Tulca 08 visual Arts Festiva in Galway Ireland.I invited Neal Beggs and Thibaut Espiau to join me to present a mixture of individual works, works which feature each other and new collaborative work.Neal and I have an ongoing relationship through our friendship and work. We are both artists who incorporate rock climbing into our working methodologies. We have climbed together and made art together and this was an opportunity to do something together in Ireland for the first time.Three 1st floor gallery rooms of the Galway Art Centre were used.18 works were presented: The HangingBeggs, Espiau and Shipsides.DVD and installation. Approx 20min. 2008 The Hanging is a collaborative work based on the idea of the 'hanging' of artworks on the gallery wall. All the little pencil circles that Dan and Thibaut are drawing in the video indicate the presence of old raw-plugs or other fixings used for hanging artworks. We mapped these by searching the walls in detail and indicating each feature by circling in pencil. In the front gallery we select and anotate some of as the basis for hand and foot holds which we then cut holes from which we would then hang our own bodies from. Link to The Hanging video:http://www.nealbeggs.com/works/hanging/hanging.html (opens new window)


The Helmholtz equation is the simplest possible model for the wave propagation. Perhaps this is the reason, despite denying traditional iterative methods like Krylov sub-space methods, Multigrids, etcetera, numerical solution of the Helmholtz equation has been an interesting and abundant problem to researchers since years. The work in this dissertation is also classified as an attempt to develop fast and robust iterative methods for the solution of the Helmholtz equation. This works is specified for applications in seismic imaging-Geophysics, where usually high frequency are used. Thus we will be targeting large wavenumber Helmholtz problems. The finite difference discretization of the Helmholtz equation with typically given Absorbing (Sommerfeld) boundary conditions gives rise to symmetric, non-Hermitian, indefinite linear systems. Resolution of large wavenumber requires larger number of grid points, thus large linear systems. Many (sparse) direct solvers and hybrid (direct and iterative) solvers have been proposed, but it is quite obvious for very large problems that (sparse) direct solvers have been too much depending upon memory, which makes them less acceptable. Quite a lot of work has been invested in researching iterative solution methods for the Helmholtz equation since many decades. The indefiniteness, which increases with respect to an increase in the wavenumber, poses extra problems for iterative solvers and robust solution of indefinite (large) linear system forms an important research activity. Many iterative techniques like domain decomposition methods, multigrid methods and preconditioners for Krylov subspace methods have been proposed but non of them has been quite robust. For multigrid methods, indefiniteness arises difficulties in having both good smoothing property and constructing appropriate coarse-grid approximations of the problem, which are responsible for further reduction of low frequency errors. Many attempts have been spent in algebraic variants of multigrid methods. Some of them works well with limitation of homogeneity. Most of them fails to show satisfactory convergence. The same holds for Krylov subspace methods. One of the difficulties for Krylov methods is to find a cheap and performing preconditioner for the indefinite Helmholtz equation. An overview of preconditioners, ranging from classical to matrix based, for indefinite Helmholtz linear system has been give in this thesis. A matrix-based complex shifted Laplace preconditioner (CSLP) has been seen as best in the available ones. However, with increasing wavenumbers CSLP shows a slow convergence behavior. We address this issue continuing using CSLP while taking care of its requirement of specific complex shifts. The projection-type preconditioners have been widely investigated by researchers in numerical analysis community. We propose the projection-type deflation preconditioner to tackle the near-singular nodes, which are the cause of the decay the convergence of, this otherwise well performing, CSLP. Like multigrid, this deflation pre-conditioner, named as ADEF1, requires to solve coarse problems at different coarser levels. An optimized algorithm has been tested and proposed suggesting iterative solution of coarse problems at different levels. This finalizes as a multilevel preconditioner. The re-discretization coarsening strategy that we propose and investigate in this thesis is aimed at reducing the memory size and maintaining stencil size. The multilevel Krylov method (MLKM) has also been investigated and compared with its counterpart ADEF1. The rigorous Fourier analysis (RFA) to investigate the convergence of iterative methods forms a separate research theme, which is included in the thesis. We analyse the proposed multilevel preconditioners ADEF1 and MLKM for two-levels. Analysis shows spectral behavior of the preconditioner, which can be taken as favorable for Krylov methods. RFA points out near-singular modes and highlights their contribution in prevailing stagnation. Further the convergence can be enhanced by adapting coarse grid operator at different levels. The proposed preconditioners have been tested on academic as well as the bench mark Marmousi problem. A huge reduction in number of iterations can be noticed. A comparison in the amount of iterations and solve time, specially for three-dimensional problem, shows that the invested work has paid-off. Proposed preconditioners has been uniformly performing for one- to three-dimensions as well as for heterogeneous medium problems.


Development practitioners often see women as the key to sustainable international development success, especially in the microfinance industry. A wide range of research conducted in support of this belief identifies various distinct and individual factors (such as spending habits, familial responsibilities, status, and social networks) as reasons for women's high repayment rates, or as arguments for the utility of microfinance loans made to women). The result is a near-consensus on the status of gender as an important criterion around which to design economic development, but a lack of consistency in explanations of why this should be so, how these variables interact, or whether a more efficient way to target intervention can be found. This study addresses these methodological questions in order to further investigate how it is possible that women are universally considered good microfinance borrowers, even though they borrow under varying, complex socioeconomic circumstances. This study first uses a large-n statistical approach to compare World Bank data on gender equality and lending data from the Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) in order to uncover trends that exist among microfinance industries in fourteen Latin American states. Using descriptive statistics and a range of gender equality indicators, the study then tests ten notional hypotheses drawn from the literature on women, gender and development. The results suggest that socioeconomic circumstances (such as barriers to market access for women) are indeed important elements in explaining why some women have more success than others as microfinance borrowers. The results also emphasize that more work should be done to critically evaluate the near-consensus on the status of gender in development if firmer conclusions are to be drawn in future.


The present study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative effect of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract on ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice. Adult male albino mice were orally administered with 50 and 100 microg of ochratoxin (Groups 4, 5) in 0.2 mL olive oil/animal/day for 45 days. The results revealed a significant increase in LPO (lipid peroxidation) in the testis of mice treated with ochratoxin compared to that of vehicle control (Group 2). The levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants: GSH (glutathione) and TAA (total ascorbic acid) as well as enzymatic antioxidants: SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase), GRX (glutathione reductase) and GST (glutathione transferase) were significantly decreased in the testis of ochratoxin-treated mice. Oral administration of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract (2 mg/animal/day) along with ochratoxin (Groups 6, 7) for 45 days, caused, significant, amelioration in ochratoxin-induced LPO by increasing the contents of non-enzymatic (GSH and TAA) and activities of enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GPX, GRX and GST) antioxidants in the testis of mice as compared with those given ochratoxin alone animals (Groups 4, 5). Thus, oral administration of Emblica officinalis aqueous extract along with ochratoxin significantly ameliorates ochratoxin-induced lipid peroxidation in the testis of mice.


The quandary of fake news continues to scare governments, media, journalists, nongovernmental organizations and audiences across the world. Various institutions and individuals have developed mechanisms to spot and counteract fake news that range from anti-fake news laws, social media policies, facts checking applications and reverse search technologies. However, fake news remains an enigma to the world of communication and information management [1]. One management strategy that has been overlooked over the years is media and information literacy as proposed by Grunwald Declaration on Media Education in 1982 by 19 nations during the UNESCO's International Symposium on Media Education. This theoretical review paper focuses on the role of media literacy in managing fake news [2]. Since most of the fake news spotting and counteracting practices have focused on the place of journalists, media houses, governments and social media owners without definitive success, this study focuses on empowerment of the consumer of fake news though media literacy [3]. The review concludes that, if audiences of fake news are empowered through media literacy, then they can source, process, consume and archive information only after verification. This study recommends a paradigm shift from focusing all the attention on spotting and counteracting fake news from media, journalists, legal systems and social media owners to empowerment of news consumers though media literacy [4].


Smart wireless sensor devices are becoming increas- ingly ubiquitous and are expected to be embedded in everyday objects in the near future. When these devices are deployed in overlapping or adjacent geographic areas, the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band will be crowded. To deal with the crowded spectrum, we propose SAS, a Self-Adaptive Spectrum management middle- ware for wireless sensor networks. SAS enables single-frequency MAC protocols with multi-frequency capability, so that an existing MAC protocol, like B-MAC, can automatically adapt to the least congested physical channel at runtime. We implemented SAS in TinyOS 2.1 with nesC and evaluated its performance with TelosB motes. Our performance results demonstrate that SAS improves the performance of existing single-frequency MAC protocols, like B-MAC. The use of SAS results in higher packet reception ratio and system throughput, and a lower packet delay and energy consumption.


The main objective of this study was to identify responses o f Jubilee Insurance to the changing environmental conditions. The study also sought to determine the forces of change in the external environment of Jubilee. This study was occasioned by the realization that Jubilee Insurance has been experiencing environmental turbulence such as rapid political, economic, technological and socio-cultural changes. Also, little research has been undertaken in this area. The few researches done for example those of Mriti (2010) on responses by Fidelity Insurance to the changing environment and Keranga (2009) on responses by Government of Kenya Press to the external environment were never exhaustive. This study adopted a case study approach of the Jubilee Insurance firm. Data was collected by using an interview guide. The researcher himself interviewed all the top ten managers of Pensions, Finance, Human resource, Business Development, Operations, Marketing, Public Relations, ICT, Legal and Underwriting departments. Data was analyzed by content analysis. The study findings indicate that the Jubilee Insurance faced challenges in terms of increased competition, changes in customer tastes and preferences, technology and economic changes. The study findings identified various response strategies by Jubilee Insurance. These included generic strategies of cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Strategic leadership was identified as the most important Strategic response by jubilee insurance. Other responses included product diversification, market development and use of modem technology as well as the use of marketing strategies like improved distribution and fair pricing. The findings of the study imply that Jubilee Insurance should invest more in R&D, Innovations and the creation of a learning culture. The study faced constraints of lack of enough time, resources and unwillingness of the interviewees to give the correct responses. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be o f great value to various groups like other industry players, the Jubilee management and scholars. Given the limitations, the researcher did not fully cover the objectives set out and therefore recommends that further research be done on the nature of competition posed by Jubilee Insurance's other markets outside Kenya and the role of strategy in the growth of Jubilee Insurance business.


Unilateral spondylolysis and midline defects in the posterior spinal elements attributable to spina bifida occulta (SBO) result in the unilateral floating of the vertebral arch. We report a patient with unilateral spondylolysis associated with SBO in the lumbar spine and review the literature. This 71-year-old male experienced severe left leg pain and lumbago that worsened upon walking. Radiographic studies revealed SBO and unilateral spondylolysis of L5. The dural sac and left L5 nerve root were compressed by the organization of tissues around the spondylolysis. As his symptoms failed to respond to conservative treatment, he underwent unilateral laminectomy without fusion. At operation, the left lamina of L5 was floating and unstable; the right lamina was stable. Medial facetectomy at L4/5 and excision of the left floating lamina of L5 were performed. For satisfactory decompression of the dural sac and left L5 nerve root, the cartilaginous fibrous tissue around the lysis was removed. His symptoms disappeared immediately after surgery. Although long-term follow-up is necessary, we suggest that unilateral microdecompression without fusion is a useful method to treat patients with unilateral spondylolysis with SBO.


Glucuronidation is an important metabolic pathway for both endogenous and exogenous compounds. To isolate novel UGT2B cDNA clones, human prostate and LNCaP cell cDNA libraries were screened using a pool of steroid-specific UGT2B cDNA as probes. We have isolated a novel human cDNA of 1.7 kb in length containing an open reading frame of 1587 pb which encodes a deduced protein of 529 residues named UGT2B11. UGT2B11 share 91% identity in amino acids with UGT2B10, a UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) protein with unknown function. In agreement with other characterized UGT2B proteins, a Western blot analysis showed high levels of a 52-kDa protein present in a microsome preparation from HK293 cells stably transfected with the UGT2B11 cDNA. Despite the screening of 100 potential substrates, glucuronidation activity was not detected for the stably expressed UGT2B11 protein. However, UGT2B11 specific RT-PCR analysis revealed expression of the transcripts in a wide range of human tissues including the liver, kidney, mammary gland, prostate, skin, adipose, adrenal, and lung. The biological function of the UGT2B11 protein is unknown but its wide expression in human tissues raises the possibility that UGT2B11 may constitute an orphan UGT enzyme whose substrates specificity remain to be identified.


This article proposes a new theory called the Applicant Attribution-Reaction Theory (AART) to better understand attributional processes in the formation of applicant reactions. The theory proposes that applicants' affective, behavioral, and cognitive reactions, such as fairness, test perceptions, test performance, and motivation, are fundamentally driven by an attributional process. A key implication of the theory is that perceptions such as fairness and test attitudes carry little explanatory power; instead they are consequences of attributional processing. We provide a brief review of dominant applicant reactions frameworks, review the social psychological literature on attributions, and present the theory. We then contrast the theory to existing conceptualizations, and finally describe its potential for better understanding several key topics in applicant reactions, including the justice judgment process, test performance, and racial subgroup differences. The theory has the potential to integrate many diverse perspectives on applicant reactions, and provides numerous directions for future research and practice.


Diverticulosis of the colon is common in the descending and sigmoid part; the right colon is rarely involved. Inflammation of perforation of a cecal diverticulum is an uncommon condition that mimics acute appendicitis. The correct diagnosis is mostly made after operative exploration. Four cases were surgically treated between 1994 and 1995. Because of the severe inflammation, ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy was necessary; in one case we performed a local excision. After removal of the inflamed mass the postoperative healing was uncomplicated. A malignancy could be histologically excluded in all cases. As in sigmoid diverticulitis, early resection seems to be a safe operative therapy. Laparoscopy can show the correct diagnosis before the laparotomy is carried out. Preoperative diagnostic measures, differential diagnosis and possible surgical procedures are discussed.


Profibrogenesis cytokine, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1, induces hepatic progenitors experiencing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) to matrix synthesis cells, even tumor initiating cells. Our previous data found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) blocks and reverses TGF-β1-induced transition. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristic changes of hepatic progenitors after TGF-β1-induced transition and EGF-induced reversion. Hepatic oval cells, rat hepatic progenitors, were isolated from rats fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with ethionine. TGF-β1-containing medium was used for inducing EMT, while EGF-containing medium was used for reversing EMT. During TGF-β1-induced transition and EGF-induced reversion, hepatic oval cells sustained their progenitor cell marker expression, including α-fetoprotein, albumin, and cytokeratin-19. The proliferation ability and differentiation potential of these cells were suppressed by TGF-β1, while EGF resumed these capacities to the level similar to the control cells. RNA microarray analysis showed that most of the genes with significant changes after TGF-β1 incubation were recovered by EGF. Signal pathway analysis revealed that TGF-β1 impaired the pathways of cell cycle and cytochrome P450 detoxification, and EGF reverted TGF-β1 effects through activating MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathway. EGF reverses the characteristics impaired by TGF-β1 in hepatic oval cells, serving as a protective cytokine to hepatic progenitors.


Higher education plays an important role in providing people with skills for innovation, but a number of important questions remain as to what kind of higher education teaching can be conducive to the strengthening of skills for innovation. This report aims to shed light on this issue by reviewing the current evidence on the effectiveness of problem-based learning compared with more traditional approaches in higher education teaching. It explores the extent to which problem-based learning can be an effective way to develop different discipline-specific and transferable skills for innovation. Research, primarily from the field of medicine, shows that problem-based learning appears to be beneficial in fostering certain aspects of skills for innovation. In addition, the report explores the literature on direct teaching behaviours that may help foster student learning in more traditional teaching settings. Despite the promising evidence linking problem-based learning and effective teaching in higher education to certain aspects of skills for innovation, more work is needed in this area. There is strong potential for further research to provide additional important insights into the development of skills for innovation.


Objective: The management of hypertension, one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular accident, after various types of stroke remains controversial. The aim of the study was to establish the impact of the blood pressure on the outcome to various types of stroke. Design and method: A total of 156 patients, (64,5 ± 7,5 y.,34F/38 M) with Ischemic(84) and Haemorragic (72) type of stroke have been investigated. The both stroke patients were classified into 2 subgroups:1st subgroup- patients with aggressive lowering of blood pressure on admission and 2nd subgroup - patients with moderate hypertension. Non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors were registered and statistically evaluated. Results: In 1st subgroup neurological deterioration was found in 6 patients of HS (27 patients/ 37,5%) versus IS (14/16,6%). Mean baseline SBP during the treatment were 182 ± 13 and 133 ± 7 mmHg, respectively. 2nd subgroup revealed neurological deterioration in 9(12,5%) HS patients versus 10(11,9%) IS, 1- volume growth was seen in HS versus 3- IS patients, Mean baseline SBP and MAP were 182 ± 13 and 165 ± 12 mmHg respectively. NIHSS, Barthel Index and Rankin Scale 1st subgroup of HS showed significant improvement at 1 month against the 2nd subgroup (P = 0.001). In IS patients the 2 subgroup resulted better as compared to 1st subgroup at 1 month (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Aggressive lowering of high BP in HS found to have the positive effect on outcome,reducing the blood enhancement and rehemorrhage, improving the short-term outcome and quality of life in patients with ICH, while moderate hypertension much more better for IS outcome.


: A production management system is developed to enhance both the information and productivity of ship and offshore plant deckhouse floor outfitting. The functions of the production management system for the deckhouse floor outfitting were reviewed based on a literature survey of several production management systems with respect to the ship building and architecture fields. This study investigated numerous daily production reports and their application to actual work places to utilize the system development. The developed scanned drawing-based production management (SDPM) system minimizes any loss and/or distortion of work information between the workshop and management office when applying a scanned production drawing to the daily report. The SDPM system increases the data objectivity, as well as intuitiveness of the information generation by adopting an efficient user interface, which makes it possible to perform image annotations on the scanned drawing for the daily production report while simultaneously interacting with the production management database. Applying the system operation to actual deckhouse floor covering work verified that it was feasible to use the SDPM system for production management in the ship outfitting work process.


Ten cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients under 6 years of age occurring between July 1994 and June 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs showed air-space consolidation (n = 4), micronodular (n = 3) and miliary lesions (n = 1). Two patients showed non-specific bronchopneumonic infiltrations. Other uncommon radiographic findings include pneumatocele formation and pleural effusion. Lymphadenopathies were detected in 6 (60%) cases using chest radiographs or computed tomography (CT), commonly with involvement of the paratracheal and hilar lymph nodes. However, most lymph node enlargement was not noted in routine postero-anterior (PA) radiographs and usually required a chest CT scan for confirmation. Since lymphadenopathy is common in children with pulmonary TB in Taiwan, we suggest using chest CT scans to detect such pathology in cases of suspected TB if other diagnostic tests are not conclusive.


At the core of a successful not-for-profit organization (NFP) must be an effective board of directors. A reasonable approach to building a more effective board includes ensuring the board has a high level of participation among its members and that the focus of their participation is concentrated on governance. It is not a new notion that board orientation programs can create a climate that facilitates high board participation that is focused on governance; however, in this article, I offer what may be a new vision for developing and managing board orientation programs. The proposed model includes NFP-specific and general board training content that one would expect to find in a orientation program for new board members. In addition, it includes three factors which may make it distinct: 1) teaching a board member shared beliefs or "truths" that can enhance their perceived ability to govern; 2) creating a dialogue through which a board member can articulate his or her perceived needs and obstacles to fully participate; and. 3) implementing a process for the NFP to be responsive to board member needs and obstacles so board participation increases. The research study presented in this paper tests the efficacy of the proposed orientation model. The results are discussed and implications for best practices for NFPs are suggested.


Abstract:This article presents new data on allophonic variation of the Polish vowel commonly transcribed as /ɨ/ and frequently analyzed as phonologically back (e.g., Rubach 1984; Gussmann 2007). The new data were collected using 3D ultrasound images from ten native speakers of Polish. While vowels in the context of labial and dental stops do not differ significantly, being articulated with a high front position of the tongue in both environments, the /ɨ/ assimilates to preceding velar stop consonants and is produced with relatively more raising of the tongue body and with a constriction extending further back. This is to be expected if /ɨ/ is taken to be a front vowel that assimilates to a [+back] consonant. This finding has potential consequences for the analysis of palatalization in Polish.


Methane gas plumes have been discovered to issue from the seafloor in the Puget Sound estuary. These gas emission sites are co‐located over traces of three major fault zones that fracture the entire forearc crust of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. Multibeam and single‐beam sonar data from cruises conducted in years 2011, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 identified the acoustic signature of 349 individual bubble plumes. Dissolved CH4 gas from the plumes combines to elevate seawater methane concentrations of the entire Puget Sound estuary. Fluid samples from adjacent terrestrial hot springs and deep‐water wells surrounding the estuary contain a helium‐3 isotope signature, suggesting a deep fluid source located near the underlying Cascadia Subduction Zone plate interface. However, limited data from this pilot study suggest that Puget Sound seawater emission sites lack both similar chemical isotope signatures and elevated thermal anomalies that would be expected from association with a deep plate‐interface reservoir. A shallow reservoir within the Holocene sediments that cover the older Puget Sound basement with horizontal transfer to the thinly covered Alki Point and Kingston Arch anticlines is also a possibility, as has been suggested for other methane seep areas. The existence of vigorous marine methane plumes arising from areas of thin sediment cover associated with deeply penetrating forearc fault zones but presenting no thermal or chemical anomalies found in other similar forearc environments, remains an unresolved paradox.


Abstract Objective: A thorough clinical assessment including physical examination is crucial in a diagnostic work-up, including in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). This study investigated the prevalence of pain areas and the mechanosensitivity of peripheral nerves in patients with CPPS and compared the findings with a healthy control group. Materials and methods: Healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with CPPS were assessed with physical examinations and neurodynamic testing. Results: The CPPS group (n = 26) and the control group (n = 28) showed no statistical differences between males and females for age and body mass index (Mann–Whitney U test). The patients in the CPPS group were significantly older and had a significantly higher weight compared to controls. Healthy volunteers did not show any pain area or mechanosensitivity of the examined peripheral nerves of the lumbosacral plexus. Patients with CPPS showed a variety of pain from different musculoskeletal origins. Neurodynamic testing demonstrated significant mechanosensitivity in at least one nerve of the lumbosacral plexus in 88% of the patients with CPPS, suggesting minor nerve injuries. Pudendal nerve mechanosensitivity was found in 85% of patients, while 42% had multiple nerves involved. Unilateral or bilateral pudendal channel palpatory pain was present in 62% of the CPPS group and not in controls. Conclusions: This study shows musculoskeletal pain and a high prevalence of minor nerve injuries in CPPS patients, indicating the presence of abnormal impulse generation sites that can help in understanding the clinical picture in CPPS patients and guiding their treatment.


This paper describes our contribution to the semantic role labeling task (SRL-only) of the CoNLL-2009 shared task in the closed challenge (Hajic et al., 2009). Our system consists of a pipeline of independent, local classifiers that identify the predicate sense, the arguments of the predicates, and the argument labels. Using these local models, we carried out a beam search to generate a pool of candidates. We then reranked the candidates using a joint learning approach that combines the local models and proposition features.

To address the multilingual nature of the data, we implemented a feature selection procedure that systematically explored the feature space, yielding significant gains over a standard set of features. Our system achieved the second best semantic score overall with an average labeled semantic F1 of 80.31. It obtained the best F1 score on the Chinese and German data and the second best one on English.


Relationships between aberration coefficients up to the fifth order have been derived using symplectic conditions for a rotationally symmetric electron optical system. These relationships show that the third- and fifth-order coefficients correlate and some of the fifth-order aberration coefficients can be calculated by the third-order coefficients. Using these relationships, we cross-checked a computer code for the fifth-order aberration analysis with a differential algebra method.


Recently completed hydrographic surveys by the Coast and Geodetic Survey cover an area of about 7000 square nautical miles south of the outer Florida Keys. Details of the topography of the continental slope that do not appear on published nautical charts are given. The principal features are (1) a swarm of valleys incising the slope south of Dry Tortugas, (2) an elongate terrace terminating to the west in an area of undulating bottom, and (3) two prominent escarpments and several minor slope breaks. The valleys are believed to be related to two separate periods of valley formation. Straight downslope trends and leveed sides suggest turbidity-current action in at least some of the valleys. The escarpments are interpreted as having a fault origin, and the area of undulating bottom is believed to be a set of step faults related to the larger Pourtales Escarpment.


Nieuwe Bouwen Architecture came and involved in Indonesia is carried by the young Dutch architects, also influenced Dutch colonial building in Indonesia to include Medan city. This study aims to determine what kind of Nieuwe Bouwen that control Dutch colonial buildings in Medan and find the form of the authority. This study used the qualitative method. There are 6 (six) aspects studied in this research that is the dynamic form; expressive ornaments; the building has a tower; nonstructural elements; glass, steel, and concrete materials; elements of air, light, and space. Analysis results show that PD Pasar Office Medan, Paradiso Swimming Pool, and Mandiri KC Medan City Hall Bank are influenced by Nieuwe Bouwen expressionism. Besides that, the form of expressionism on PD Pasar office Medan are of the curved shape of the building, unique, the expressive ventilation has the ornament and decorative element on its facade. As well as Paradiso swimming pool has curved shape, decoration and decorative element on its façade and tower. While at Mandiri KC Medan Cityhall bank, there is the geometric decoration, decorative element, and balcony also tower have expressive shape.


Latency is rapidly becoming critical in cloud computing. Latest services and applications in many vertical markets are requiring low latency. Today every type of business network and channels are running with blazing fast speed which requires ultra-low latency within minimum time scaling. The industries which are achieving lowest latency are surviving while other slow competitors fall behind. Users are demanding real-life applications with low latency which helps them to obtain their desire services within very limited time in their range. Cloud is a geographically densely distributed large-scale network, in which more time is needed to response on request to deliver or retrieval of data, due to which unstable latency issues are creating. This flexibility of providing applications anywhere in densely network is beauty of cloud, but this flexibility comes at the price of unstable, unpredictable high latencies which are horrific in this ultra-fast time-period. Fog network is an extension of cloud network and very powerful technique of networking to manage and minimize the issues of unstable latency. Technology enhancement from cloud to fog is due to computation of distribute resources at the edge of a network in fog to bring it near to different users to support fast streaming with reduce latency. Fog networks are not very dense with distantly located servers and provide services at the edge very speedily with low latency.Fog with emerging technology will be best for stable latency. Currently data is delivering and retrieval in large quantities to many geographically scattered users, to optimize the cloud, different organizations demanding a way to satisfy the different users by delivering the desire contents through geographically distributed channel. In this, we propose the conceptual framework of fog which minimize the latency of mobile devices. Our proposed framework will satisfy the users to attain low latency. This framework of fog is willing to sponsor mobile devices with their smart applications at the edge with low latency. In this framework, data will be collected at the extreme edge from different nearest devices or data servers. So, it can provide data in very limited time to analyze and act. All types of online business communications and transportations require low latency network to deliver their services.


Ovarian cancer (OC) is the 6th most common cancer in females and accounts for 5% of all female cancer deaths in the UK. OC presents with ambiguous symptoms often leading to a late diagnosis. Only 42.6% of women diagnosed with OC will survive for five years or more with many not responding to current treatments. Platinum-based drugs are the most widely used chemotherapy drugs in ovarian carcinoma, but their efficacy is not satisfactory. Bevacizumab and PARP inhibitors are the only targeted therapies currently approved for the treatment of this disease. Still, most patients will still recur and unfortunately succumb to this disease, thus new and more effective treatments and diagnosis methods are urgently needed. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a group of targeted therapeutic molecules that have proved efficacious as therapeutic options for the treatment of various cancers such as Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Hodgkin Lymphoma. Currently there is not an ADC approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer. ADCs couple the targeting activity of a monoclonal antibody with the cytotoxic activity of a potent small molecule drug to selectively destroy malignant cells while leaving the healthy cells unaffected. The discovery of novel ADC targets for the treatment of OC is crucial in combatting the poor prognosis associated with late-stage ovarian cancer. The late-stage diagnosis of OC is significantly associated with a reduced chance of survival. Confirmation of OC diagnosis is achieved through histological examination of biopsy tissue taken at surgery. This current diagnosis process is not appropriate for the high-throughput screening needed for the early detection of OC that could be offered if minimally invasive high-throughput liquid biopsy diagnostic tests are developed for OC. Objectives•To identify and characterise transmembrane proteins as potential ADC targets•To confirm the genetic stability of the antibody epitope DNA coding sequence in the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) and the lead candidate ADC target•To explore whether soluble RAGE (sRAGE) levels could serve as OC biomarker with diagnostic value using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) liquid biopsy pipelineMethodology This study used western blots, immuno-fluorescent microscopy, internalisation assays by pH reactive dye, Illumina Next Generation Sequencing and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay. 2D cultured cells and protein were derived from primary patient biopsies. Eight immortalised ovarian cancer cell lines were used (See section 18.104.22.168). Results Immunofluorescent microscopy, immunoblotting and internalisation assay data in both ovarian cancer cell lines and cells derived from primary ovarian cancer patient biopsies revealed Tetraspanin 6 (TSPAN6) as the lead candidate target for novel ADC development. Not a lot is known about TSPAN6 function however it has been reported to mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth, and motility. Three targets showed localisation to the cell membrane in ovarian cancer cells. Two targets (PCSK4 and TSPAN6), plus RAGE, showed antibody-internalisation capacity and translocation to the lysosomal compartment in cancer cells demonstrating their suitability as ADC targets. RAGE and TSPAN6 showed genetic stability by Illumina Next Generation Sequencing deep amplicon variant analysis. A novel TSPAN6 60 kDa immunoreactive protein band was identified in protein derived from a 3D primary tissue source and it significantly stratified OC from non-cancer patients. The ELISA technique was successful in detecting sRAGE in patient serum, however soluble serum RAGE levels did not exhibit a potential diagnostic value for OC disease in the clinical OC specimens analysed. Conclusions This thesis identified TSPAN6 as a novel ADC target for OC. In addition, both TSPAN6 and RAGE epitopes are highly conserved in humans, suggesting their promising therapeutic value for the development of immunotherapies. Nevertheless, levels of soluble serum RAGE are not indicators of an OC diagnosis.


Summary form only given. In this article, we will present the possible performance of high numerical aperture (NA) 193 nm lithography for 70 nm technology node using in-house simulator. This simulator can calculate the vector diffraction phenomenon which may not be neglected for high NA imaging. At low k1 optical lithography, certain illumination and mask techniques are needed to overcome process difficulties. These include off-axis illumination (OAI), alternating phase-shifting masks (alt PSMs) and chromeless phase lithography (CPL). The solution for successful low k1 imaging without any improvement of tools and materials should be the use of good combinations of several existing techniques. In addition, how the optical effects with low k1 imaging is changing should be carefully considered. This presentation will discuss the various simulation works for imaging techniques to support 70 nm node with high NA ArF lithography. Especially, we will investigate the results of critical dimension variations, exposure dose latitudes, depth of focus, MEEF and NILS with varying illumination conditions and mask types.


The article aims to present two previously unknown drawings by Norwid which have recently been added to the artistic legacy of the creator of Solo . The first of the discussed sketches is Portret matrony z herbem Pierzchala from 1864, which is most likely the image of Laura Czosnowska nee Gorska or Maria Przezdziecka nee Tyzenhauz. The second drawing, showing the running old man, comes from Norwid's sketchbook kept in the collection of the National Museum in Krakow.


Chronic pain and substance use disorders are serious conditions that are prevalent among homeless populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association between chronic pain and substance use among individuals experiencing homelessness and mental illness. We analyzed cross-sectional data from two sites of the At Home/Chez Soi study (Vancouver and Toronto) using bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Substance use and chronic pain parameters were assessed with the Maudsley Addiction Profile and purpose-designed short instruments. The sample comprised 828 participants. Mean age was 42.4 years and 54% reported chronic pain. In bivariate analysis, chronic pain was significantly associated with use of opioids and stimulants, daily substance use, polysubstance use and injecting as route of administration. In multivariate analysis, only daily substance use (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02–2.09) and injecting (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.08–3.05) remained as significant associated factors, whereas neither use of opioids nor use of stimulants specifically were significantly associated with chronic pain. Among participants with chronic pain, daily substance users (50% vs. 22%, p < 0.001) and injectors (66% vs. 24%, p < 0.001) were more likely to use non-prescribed medication for pain. Participants with daily substance use were less likely to receive professional treatment (52% vs. 64%, p = 0.017) and prescribed pain medication (42% vs. 54%, p = 0.023). Our findings suggest an association of chronic pain with patterns related to severity of substance use rather than to specific substance use in homeless persons with mental illness. Interventions aiming at prevention and treatment of chronic pain in this population should consider severity of substance use and associated risk behavior over use of specific substances.


The TCR/CD3 complex plays a central role in antigen recognition and activation of mature T cells, and, therefore, abnormalities in the expression of the complex should induce unresponsiveness of T cells to antigen stimulus. Using flow cytometry, we detected and enumerated variant cells with loss or alteration of the surface TCR/CD3 expression among human mature CD4+ T cells. The presence of variant CD4+ T cells was demonstrated by isolating and cloning them from peripheral blood, and their abnormalities can be accounted for by alterations in TCR expression such as defects of protein expression and partial protein deletion. The variant frequency in peripheral blood increased with aging in normal donors and was highly elevated in patients with ataxia telangiectasia, an autosomal recessive inherited disease with defective DNA repair and variable T cell immunodeficiency. These findings suggest that such alterations in TCR expression are induced by somatic mutagenesis of TCR genes and can be important factors related to age- dependent and genetic disease-associated T cell dysfunction.


To 23 subjects with endogenous depression after a previous unsuccessful treatment with common antidepressive drugs (imipramine-like or MAO inhibitors) dl- or d-phenylalanine was given in dialy oral doses of 50 or 100 mg during 15 days. A complete euthymia was obtained in 17 subjects between one and 13 days of treatment. No important adverse reaction was observed.


Quorum sensing (QS), a chemical communication process between bacteria, depends on the synthesis, secretion and detection of signal molecules. It can synchronize the gene expression of bacteria to promote cooperation within the population and improve competitiveness among populations. The preliminary exploration of bacterial QS has been completed under ideal and highly controllable conditions. There is an urgent need to investigate the QS of bacteria under natural conditions, especially the QS of intestinal flora, which is closely related to health. Excitingly, growing evidence has shown that QS also exists in the intestinal flora. The crosstalk of QS between gut microbiota and the host is systematically clarified in this review.


Objective Some individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) convert to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) phenotype, and visceral adiposity is one of proposed mechanisms underlying such conversion. Visceral adipose index (VAI) is a novel mathematical model which estimates visceral adiposity based on anthropometric and lipid profiles. We aimed to determine the association of VAI-estimated visceral adiposity with the MHO-to-MUO conversion and the predictive value of VAI in estimating such unfavorable outcomes. Methods A total of 2,204 Korean subjects with the MHO phenotype were enrolled and stratified by body mass index and metabolic health state according to Wildman criteria at baseline and last follow-up examinations. VAI was calculated at baseline. Results Over a median follow-up period of 41.1 months, 46.0% of subjects converted to MUO phenotype. Higher VAI quartiles were associated with a greater proportion of subjects who underwent MHO-to-MUO conversion, and also with increased odds ratios for such conversion even after multivariate analyses. The optimal VAI cut off value was around 1.00, and VAI had a greater power in the prediction of MHO-to MUO conversion than waist circumference in both genders. Conclusion MHO phenotypes with high VAI values are associated with poor future metabolic outcomes. VAI-estimated visceral adiposity is well correlated with the prognosis of MHO subjects, and VAI has a good predictive value in determining the MHO-to-MUO conversion.


Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic has led to major disruption to junior doctor training Workload pressures and social distancing requirements have stalled rotations, changed working patterns and cancelled teaching The use of digital technology such as mobile learning, video conferencing and social media has thus been accelerated Digital technology offers a flexible, interactive means of learning and facilitates interaction with peers and tutors allowing sharing of resources Our aim was to use digital technology to find an innovative way of enhancing learning for junior doctors at Nottingham University Hospitals and Sherwood Forest Hospitals Ultimately, this would improve patient safety by increasing the confidence of junior doctors in managing patients with respiratory problems Methods We developed an innovative regional teaching programme for junior doctors working in a tertiary centre and district general hospital We designed, moderated and ran four sessions utilising problem-based learning techniques to cover pneumonia, pleural effusions, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and lung cancer on the interactive, social networking platform, WhatsApp We posted material daily to trigger discussion and supplemented each topic with a weekly lecture via Microsoft Teams Pre- A nd post-course questionnaires, using a 5-point Likert scale, were completed and results analysed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test Results 110 junior doctors participated of which 71 responded to the survey 64% were foundation trainees, 17% internal medicine trainees and the remainder included clinical fellows and GP trainees 60% had never worked in a Respiratory department Feedback was universally positive and survey responses demonstrated statistically significant improvements in knowledge and confidence in managing respiratory problems such as pleural effusions and NIV (Table 1) Conclusion Despite the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, our innovative programme allowed a collaborative and interactive approach to learning It encouraged learners to contribute content and resources as well as reflect on practice Although digital learning is not a substitute for the real workplace experience junior doctors require with patients, it is sustainable and facilitates knowledge acquisition and participation Given the uncertainty regarding how long this situation will persist, our programme presents a reproducible method to facilitate future teaching as well as trainee induction to new specialities


Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the use of analgesic interventions in children with acute supracondylar fractures presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED) and to explore the relationship between timely interventions and severity of injury. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Structured chart reviews were conducted on all eligible cases of acute supracondylar humerus fracture presenting to a single pediatric ED over a 5-year period ending in December 2009. Two interventions were studied: administration of a systemic analgesic and placement of an immobilizing backslab. Criteria for timeliness were administration of an analgesic within 30 minutes from triage and placement of a backslab before radiography. Cases were dichotomized as nonsevere or severe based on whether the fracture was treated with casting alone or with another orthopedic intervention (closed reduction in the ED or any procedure in the operating room). Results Of 160 eligible cases, 116 were classified as nonsevere and 44 as severe. The proportions receiving a timely analgesic were 3% and 11%, respectively, in these groups (P = 0.04 for difference). For backslab application, 16% and 61% received timely treatment in the nonsevere and severe groups, respectively (P = 0.000 for difference). Conclusions Children presenting to a pediatric ED with a painful injury had low access to early systemic analgesics and backslab immobilization. Many factors may have played a role, including lack of mandated documentation of a formal pain score and lack of a medical directive allowing triage nurses to administer analgesics in the institution studied.


Abstract. This paper presents an experimental technique for two-dimensional imaging of dynamic acoustic pressure changes that is applied to visualize a stationary acoustic wave. This technique uses the optical feedback interferometry sensing scheme with a near-infrared laser diode and a two-axis scanning system. The stationary acoustic wave is generated by using a 40 kHz piezoelectric transducer pointing toward a concave acoustic reflector. The acoustic pressure dynamic changes are measured due to its impact on the propagating medium refractive index, which variation is integrated along the laser optical path from the laser diode to a distant mirror and back. The imaging system records a 100×50  pixels image of the acoustic pressure in 66 min.


Light, especially green light in sunlight, is reflected alongside absorption of other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation by leaf before photosynthesis can take place, with no application of extra external energy and without pollutants. Green being one of the primary colours of white light makes the investigation of effect of irradiation of elephant grass (Loudetia arundinacea) with primary colours. Duration of irradiation with LEDs and sunlight ranged from 300s to 1800s, at 300k. Primary colours were absorbed with 0.01M KMnO4, 0.01M methyl orange 1M CuSO4 and 1M NiSO4. Total carbohydrate formed by L .arundinacea after irradiation obtained using anthrone test became a measure of photosynthesis. Rate of photosynthesis in 30 minutes in L. arundinacea decreased in the order; BLED>WLED>GLED>RLED; also, W-b>W-g>W-br>W-r; and S-b>S-br>S>S-g>S-r. While BLED with TCPR of 15.62±0.001mg/100mg, is most favorable to photosynthesis, W-b had its TCPR reduced to 8.85±0.001mg/100mg, and W-r, as well as S-r had their TCPR as 1.91±0.001 and 5.09±0.001mg/100mg respectively, being higher than pure RLED with 0.26±0.001mg/100mg. Influence of green light over red light in W-b causes higher TCPR than when red light combines with blue light in W-g. Passage of other waves of electromagnetic spectrum causes elevated TCPR for S-b, S-br and S-r compared to those for W-b, W-br and W-r.


America's incoming president faces many challenges, but perhaps none so iconic as the continued geographical, social, and ethical deterioration of New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Through both neglect and malfeasance, the federal government has done little to ameliorate the damage and, as a result, has elevated the nation's worst natural disaster into a symbol of failed response by government. Louisiana's political culture and lack of local leadership are definitely obstacles to progress, but they substantiate even more poignantly the need for effective federal intervention. Here, in straightforward language, is what needs to be done now.


Pollen and plant macrofossil analyses of sediments from an altitudinal series of lakes in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA were used to reconstruct the history of vegetation on the mountain slopes and to identify the factors responsible for vegetation change. Six sites, Mirror Lake (213 m), Lost Pond (625 m), Little East Pond (793 m), Lonesome Lake (831 m), Carter Notch Pond (1004 m), and Lake of the Clouds (1538 m), provide paleoecological records of changes in the altitudinal limits of species, the species abundances within communities, and the vegetation zones. These are supple- mented by previously published data from three high-elevation sites (Spear 1989). Although past plant communities were different from modem ones, differentiation of vegetation along the slopes has always existed. At low elevations the sequence of vegetation change was: 13 700-11 500 yr BP, tundra; 11 500-9000 yr BP, transitional mixed-conifer wood- lands of first spruce (Picea) and then fir (Abies balsamea), larch (Larix laricina), poplar (Populus), and paper birch (Betula papyrifera); 9000-7000 yr BP, forests dominated by pine (Pinus) and oak (Quercus); 7000 yr BP-present, mixed-hardwood forests. No late-glacial paleoecological records exist at mid-elevation sites (700-1200 m). The steep slopes at these elevations stabilized by 10 000 yr BP and an early woodland of spruce was replaced by fir, larch, and paper birch. The altitudinal limits of both white pine (Pinus strobus) and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) expanded to mid-elevations during the mid- Holocene, suggesting greater warmth 6000-4000 yr BP. The modem spruce/fir forests of mid-elevations became established 2000 yr ago as spruce expanded at all elevations, sug- gesting cooler, moister climate similar to today. A tree line dominated by balsam fir and black spruce (Picea mariana) was established at its modem position 10 000 yr ago and has varied little since then, although it appears to have been slightly higher than now during the early Holocene. Changes in the vegetation at low and mid-elevations have not been synchronous with those at tree line and result from a more complex set of environmental factors and climatic variables acting on several different species. At low and mid-elevations disturbance by wind and frost action was important during the late-glacial. Disturbance by fire was im- portant during the period of spruce woodland and later in the early Holocene pine and oak forests. From 7000 yr BP to the present the primary factor disturbing New Hampshire forest was again probably wind, especially from 7000 to 4000 yr BP when higher temper- atures than present may have been associated with increased frequency and intensity of thunderstorms and tropical hurricanes. The vegetation history reveals that different lapse rates have occurred along the mountain slopes. This provides evidence that the source of air masses reaching the White Mountains has varied. The boundary between alpine tundra and subalpine fir forest (tree line) most likely has always been governed by temperature (summer insolation) and wind. The montane plant communities result from individual species response rather than community response to the numerous climatic forces that have affected the mountains over the past 14 000 yr.


BACKGROUND: The reconstructive surgery of the lip, upper or lower, presents a variety of techniques and procedures. In reconstructive surgery of lip is important to evaluate the characteristics of tissue (skin color, texture), which wherever possible should be used near the site of injury to provide the least morbidity and best tissues in colors and texture. CASE REPORT: This article aims to describe the Bernard-Burow technique for reconstruction of lower lip, and review the anatomy of the lower third of the face, through the case report of a patient who was bitten by a horse and had avulsion of lower lip and mentoniane portion of the face.


In this paper, we propose a machine learning based spectrum sensing method using the sample covariance matrix of the received signal vector from multiple antennas. Before sensing, the cognitive radio (CR) will first apply the unsupervised learning algorithm (e.g., K-means Clustering) to discover primary user's (PU) transmission patterns. Then, the supervised learning algorithm (e.g., Support Vector Machine) is used to train CR to distinguish PU's status. These two learning phases are implemented using the feature vector that is formed by two parameters of the sample covariance matrix. One parameter is the ratio between the maximum eigenvalue and the minimum eigenvalue; the other is the ratio between the absolute sum of all matrix elements and absolute sum of the diagonal elements. The proposed method does not need any information about the signal, channel, and the noise power a priori. Simulations clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The effect of surface water on the frequency of microcracks in the cuticular membrane (CM) of exocarp segments (ES) of developing sweet cherry fruit (Prunus avium L.) was studied. Strain of CM and ES on the fruit surface was preserved by mounting a stainless steel washer on the fruit surface in the cheek region using an ethyl-cyanacrylate adhesive. ES were excised by tangentially cutting underneath the washer. Frequency of microcracks in the CM of ES was determined following infi ltration for 10 minutes with a 0.1% acridine orange solution by fl uorescence microscopy before and after exposure to deionized water (generally 48 hours). Exposing the surface of ES of mature 'Burlat' sweet cherry fruit to water resulted in a rapid increase in microcracks in the CM that approached an asymptote at about 30 microcracks/cm 2 within 24 hours. There was no change in microcracks in the CM when the surface of the ES remained dry. Incubating ES in polyethylene glycol solution that was isotonic to fruit juice extracted from the same batch of fruit resulted in a greater increase in frequency of microcracks as compared to incubation in deionized water. The water- induced increase in microcracks was closely related to strain of the CM across different developmental stages within a cultivar (between 45 and 94 days after full bloom (DAFB); r 2 = 0.96, P ≤ 0.001, n = 9) or across different cultivars at maturity (r 2 = 0.92, P ≤ 0.0022, n = 6). Incubating ES of developing fruit in enzyme solution containing pectinase and cellulase such that the outer surface remained dry resulted in complete rupture and failure of the ES. Time to rupture and percentage of ruptured ES were closely related to the strain of the CM (r 2 = 0.92, P ≤ 0.001, n = 9 and r 2 = 0.68, P ≤ 0.0063, n = 9, respectively). Removal of epicuticular wax had no effect on frequency of water-induced microcracks. Also, temperature had no effect on frequency of water-induced microcracks, but frequency of microcracks increased exponentially when exposing the outer surface of ES to relative humidities above 75%. At 100% humidity the increase in frequency of microcracks did not differ from that induced by liquid water. Local wetting the surface of intact fruit in the pedicel cavity or stylar end region resulted in formation of macroscopically visible cracks despite of a net water loss of fruit. Uniaxiale tensile tests using dry and fully hydrated CM strips isolated from mature 'Sam' sweet cherry fruit established that hydration increased fracture strain, but decreased fracture stress and moduli of elasticity. Our data demonstrate that exposure of the fruit surface to liquid water or high concentrations of water vapor resulted in formation of microcracks in the CM. Rain-cracking of fruit during and after precipitation is a limi- tation in production of sweet cherry fruit worldwide. Cracking is thought to result from increased turgor caused by rapid water uptake into the fruit (Andersen and Richardson, 1982; Consi-


In this paper, the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted fog computing in Industry 4.0 smart factories is studied. In particular, a novel online framework is proposed to enable a source UAV to offload computing tasks from ground sensors within a smart factory and allocate them to neighboring fog UAVs for distributed task computing, before the source UAV arrives at its destination. The online nature of the framework allows the UAVs to optimize their task allocation and decide on which neighbors to use for fog computing, even when the tasks are revealed to the source UAV in an online manner, and the information on future task arrivals is unknown. The proposed framework essentially maximizes the number of computed tasks by jointly considering the communication and computation latency. To solve the problem, an online greedy algorithm is designed and solved by using the primal-dual approach. Since the primal problem provides an upper bound of the original dual problem, the competitive ratio can be analytically derived as a function of the task sizes and the data rates of the UAVs. Simulation results show that the proposed online algorithm can achieve a near- optimal task allocation with an optimality gap that is no higher than 7.5% compared to the offline, optimal solution with complete knowledge of all tasks.


Co-infection with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) has become an important factor of co-morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection and its effect on the disease progression in people living with HIV/AIDS identified in Yaounde Central Hospital. Blood samples from 75 HIV positive patients were collected in Yaounde Central Hospital from November 2015 to February 2016, for the determination of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) using immunoassays. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-cells count and biochemical markers of liver function were also collected and analyzed. The socio-demographic data were also collected. The effect sizes were confirmed using G*Power version 126.96.36.199 software. The data were entered and analyzed using the SPSS Version 22.1 software.  The statistical tests performed were x2, and Pearson correlation, with significant difference at the threshold p ≤ 0.05. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was identified in 12 patients out of 75 HIV-positive patients, for a HIV/HBV co-infection prevalence of 16%. The co-infection rate was higher in women 9 (12%) than in men 3 (4%). Among HIV infected patients, a negative and significant correlation was observed between CD4 count and ALT activity, and between the concentration of conjugated bilirubin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) p≤ 0.05. The prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection is higher among HIV positive patients in the Yaounde Central Hospital. HIV associated with HBV plays a role in the disease progression. Consequently, it is important that a national management programme is in place in the country to monitor the incidence and morbidity rates of these affections.

 Key words: Co-infection, seroprevalence, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T-cells, liver enzymes, disease progression.


The concept of fair trial and the right to cross-examine by an accused person are fundamental in the broad spectrum of administration of justice in any jurisdiction. Both may well be said to form part of the concept of rule of law. The right to a fair trial is guaranteed in the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 and in other laws just like the right to cross-examination of witnesses. The importance of affording parties a fair trial has been echoed by the international community in different international legal instruments. It is upon the courts, therefore to conduct trials fairly. One of the critical areas to ensuring fair trial is with respect to the manner the right of cross-examination is provided to the accused and exercised by the same. While admitting that the right to a fair trial takes on board the whole trial process from the beginning to the end, this article concentrates on the right to crossexamination. It is submitted here that the right to a fair trial is sometimes vitiated during the process of cross-examination when a party to a case (an accused or defendant as the case may be) exercises the right without being at least informed of the essence of doing the same. In such a situation it is as tantamount as the right has never been given to the accused. In short, as a matter of practice, the right to cross-examination is given haphazardly to, not only to children who are accused but also to unrepresented adult persons.


Combined findings in 89 patient over 20 with an interatrial septum defect (IASD) have shown that the frequency of pulmonary hypertension increases with age. Electrocardiographic criteria of pulmonary hypertension do not allow a reliable diagnosis with pressures below 50 mm Hg. Tone I amplitude, Q - Tone I duration, the extent of splitting and correlation of Tone II components cannot be used as PCG criteria of pulmonary hypertension either. The Q - "systolic murmur peak" interval decreases as pulmonary arterial pressure goes up. Systolic murmur amplitude is not relevant for the diagnosis of either the IASD, or pulmonary hypertension. Diastolic murmurs associated with secondary IASD are a more frequent finding, but show no distinctive features.


As original equipment manufacturers reevaluate whether to make or buy parts for their products under conditions of intense competition, small to medium-size manufacturers that specialize in producing well-defined types of products have a unique opportunity to become world-class competitors. The authors present a prescriptive approach for staying or becoming a successful parts supplier. They follow a printed circuit board manufacturer, Hadco Corporation, along the four different paths suggested by the strategic supplier typology they developed from a survey of 200 New Hampshire manufacturers.


In this study, two metal–viologen complexes, formulated as [Cd1.5(H2L)0.5(Cl)3(CH3OH)]n (1) and [Eu2(L)(NO3)4(HOCH2CH2OH)2]n (2), were constructed by a tetracarboxylate anchored bipyridinium-based ligand 1,1′-bis(3,5-dicarboxybenzyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (H4L·Cl2). Single-crystal X-ray analyses revealed that complex 1 featured a 2D-layered structure, while complex 2 showed a 1D "ladder-like" chain structure. The difference in the central metal ions, anions, solvent molecules, deprotonation degree of the tetracarboxylate ligand, coordination modes and conformations of the ligand have a great influence on the final structure. As expected, incorporation of the viologen moiety to the frameworks led to the predefined photochromism: when samples 1 and 2 were exposed to UV-visible light, a reversible color change from light yellow to blue/dark blue occurred. Moreover, complex 2 exhibited the characteristic emission of Eu(III) ion in the visible region, and it also displayed an interesting reversible tunable photo-induced luminescence switching behavior: under the irradiation of UV-vis light, the luminescence emission intensity of complex 2 gradually decreased and reached 15% of the starting value after 8 min. These results may not only help to further understand the structure–photoresponse relationships of viologen-based MOFs, but also help to guide the design and synthesis of luminescent materials with photo-modulated switching ability.


City councils are significant, though seldom central, actors in local policy networks providing public assistance to disadvantaged residents. Mayors and council members in 12 American cities more often support than oppose public assistance initiatives. They claim that their own normative judgments are more important to their preferences and voting behavior on such matters than are public opinion, group demands, or economic considerations. While such elected officials hold a variety of justice principles, the most important of these affecting their positions on public assistance issues is the "floors" principle. A broad ethical commitment to providing social minimums enhances support for living-wage ordinances, for linking subsidies for economic development to assistance to less advantaged citizens, and for exempting spending on social services from budget cuts. We discuss the implications of these findings for major theories of urban politics and policies—collective-action theory, regime theory, and pluralism—and for advocates on behalf of the urban poor.


PURPOSE
To investigate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) changes following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy and to identify clinical and choroidal parameters associated with visual outcome in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

METHODS
In 60 eyes of 54 patients who were treated with anti-VEGF injections for myopic CNV, SFCT was measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography at baseline, at 1, 3, and 6 months after initial anti-VEGF therapy, and at the final visit. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was compared between visits in subgroups separated based on anatomic outcome, recurrence, or resolution. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

RESULTS
At baseline, the mean SFCT was 47.6 ± 24.7 μm, significantly lower than that of the contralateral eyes (59.8 ± 34.4 μm, P = 0.022). The thickness significantly decreased to 45.2 ± 24.0 μm (P = 0.027) 1 month after the anti-VEGF therapy. In the recurrent cases, the SFCT significantly increased from 46.1 ± 25.5 μm at month 1 to 52.4 ± 25.8 μm at the time of recurrence (P = 0.020); however, no significant change in the SFCT was noted in the nonrecurrent cases. In the regression analyses, the baseline BCVA (P < 0.001) and central macular thickness (CMT; P = 0.003) significantly correlated with the final BCVA, whereas SFCT or its change was not significantly associated with final BCVA.

CONCLUSIONS
Subfoveal choroidal thicknesss significantly decreased following anti-VEGF therapy in myopic CNV, but showed a subsequent increase in recurrence. Subfoveal choroidal thickness may reflect disease activity and aid decision making regarding retreatment in myopic CNV for recurrent cases.


Although numerous small molecules have been synthesized with sulfenamide bonds (R(2)N-SR), this is the first report of the synthesis of polysulfenamides. These polymers are readily synthesized at room temperature using secondary diamines and dithiosuccinimides. The dithiosuccinimides were readily synthesized in one step by the reaction of dithiols such as HS(CH(2))(6)SH with N-chlorosuccinimide. The resulting dithiosuccinimides were either recrystallized or readily purified by chromatography on silica gel and required no special handling. The conversions of polymerization ranged from 95 to 98%, and the molecular weights of the polymer reached as high as 6,300 g mol(-1). The sulfenamide bond was very stable in organic solvents, and no degradation was observed under atmospheric conditions in C(6)D(6) for 30 days. In contrast, the sulfenamide bond readily decomposed in less than 12 h in D(2)O. Polysulfenamides were fabricated into micron-sized particles loaded with dye and endocytosed into JAWSII immature dendritic and HEK293 cells. Polysulfenamides represent a new class of polymers that are readily synthesized, stable in aprotic solvents, and readily degrade in water.


Most commercially available repellents of mosquitoes and other biting arthropods are synthetic and  have a severe toxic effect to human. Moreover, these chemicals cause an irreversible damage to the ecosystem as some of them are non-degradable in nature. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe and effective alternatives to the currently available chemicals used to control vectors. In southern Ethiopia, the smoke obtained from burning the stem of Kleinia squarrosa Cufod. is used as a fumigant to ward off mosquitoes. In the present study hydrodistillation of the powdered stem of K. squarrosa gave a pale yellow oil (0.04%; w/w) with a characteristic pungent odor. A total of twenty-seven compounds have been identified by GC-MS analysis, accounting 48.71% of the total oil. The main constituents of the oil were (E)-iso-γ-bisabolene (9%), α-pinene (5.74%), caryophyllene (5.36%) and sabinene (5.55%). The powdered stem of K. squarrosa was also burned, and the smoke extracted to yield a trace amount brownish oil. Analysis of the oil by GC-MS afforded 36 compounds comprising 94.56% of the total peak area. Terpene-4-ol (18.09%), (E)-iso-γ-bisabolene (14.07%), 5-epi-7-epi-α-eudesmol (12.45%), and caryophyllene (8.35%) figured as major compounds. Mosquito repellent activity of the essential oil was tested on guinea pigs against Anopheles gambiae by a modified Kunming mice technique under laboratory testing conditions. The essential oil exhibited a dose-dependent repellent action in the dose range tested (0.03 - 5%; v/v) with ED50 and ED99.9 values of 1.49% and 4.74% (v/v), respectively. The study further revealed that that the essential oil possesses a 3 h complete protection time. The similarity in the chemical profiles of the essential oil and the oil extracted from the smoke obtained by burning K. squarrosa stem supports the traditional use of the plant as a fumigant to kill mosquitoes.Keywords: Kleinia squarrosa; fumigant; essential oil; mosquito repellent; Anopheles gambiae


Advanced nursing roles are one way of encouraging experienced nurses to stay in clinical practice so they can provide expert care, develop practice and be role models for junior staff. A search for literature about advanced nurse practice in paediatric intensive care units in the UK identified just four articles, including one survey, but no reports of empirical research. There is some consensus on the nature and educational requirements for advanced practice but delays in agreeing a regulatory framework and failure to recognise the potential contribution of advanced roles mean that development is hindered. Although several UK units have developed or are developing the role, more insight and better evidence is needed on how nursing can be advanced in paediatric intensive care settings.


Based on the ecological scale of Maloney et al. (1973, 1975), the present study is aimed to test the relationship between environmental attitudes and behaviour in a more rigorous manner. In doing so, 552 Hong Kong citizens were interviewed and several salient findings were generated. First, along with what is proposed by literature, verbal commitment was found to be the most immediately relevant predictor for one's self-reported actual environmental behaviour. Second, when compared between knowledge and affect, the latter was noted to be far more powerful in explaining the self-reported actual environmental behaviour. This highlights that the government should rely more on emotional than cognitive appeal for spelling out environmental messages. Lastly, the findings also suggested the inclusion of other non-attitudinal factors for predicting the environmental behaviour.


The propagation of influenza through a population is an inherent spatial-temporal process of great importance for modern society. So a spatial explicit epidemiologic model of flu is proposed for a greater understanding of the disease's spatial diffusion through a network of human contacts. The objective of this study is to develop an agent-based modeling (ABM) approach that integrates geographic information system (GIS) to simulate the spread of influenza in an urban environment, as a result of individuals' interactions in a geospatial context. The methodology for simulating spatiotemporal dynamics of influenza propagation is presented. Based on Repast Simphony platform, and applying Java and GIS tools, this paper designs and develops a prototype system to carry out agent-based simulation of influenza transmission and control in a geographic environment. The model is implemented using the H1N1 outbreak in Kunming, Yunnan province, southwest of china in 2009 as a case study. Individuals in a closed population are explicitly represented by agents associated to places where they interact with other agents. They are endowed with mobility, through a transportation network allowing them to move between places within the urban environment, in order to represent the spatial heterogeneity and the complexity involved in infectious diseases diffusion. In the model, influenza is described with the mathematic relation between transmission probability, the distance of two individuals, latent period, the time of infected to die, cure rate and other parameters. User can change the simulation results through adjusting the value of time to hospital and so on. The results show that the GIS-agent based model designed for this study can be easily customized to study the spread dynamics of any other influenza by simply adjusting the disease parameters. This type of simulations can help to improve comprehension of disease spread dynamics and to take better steps towards the prevention and control of an influenza outbreak.


This research was conducted on October 2015 - June 2016, at the Laboratory of Microbiology and the Laboratory of Parasites and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Riau. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the probiotic Bacillus sp. from the digestive tract of the giant prawns (Macrobranchium rosenbergii DE MAN) and the black tiger shrimp (Panaeus monodon) for the health status of tilapia (Oreochormis niloticus). This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consists of three treatments and each of them uses three replications for the probiotic Bacillus sp. treatment of the digestive tract either from the giant prawns or the tiger shrimp. The Bacillus sp. treatment from the giant prawns are P1G (UG4 isolates), P2G isolates combined (UG1, UG2, UG3, UG4, and UG5) and as a control (P0).While the tiger shrimp are using P1W (UWH9 isolates), P2W isolates that combined (UWH1, UWH2, UWH8, UWH9 and UWH 10) and as a control (P0). Probiotics from each treatment were put into the medium water about 3 mL / container with a density of 104 CFU/ml. The results showed that the P1W treatment is the best treatment after infected by Streptococcus iniae for the health statusof tilapia, it is showed by the number of Erythrocytes 246.67x104 sel / mm, Haemoglobin level of 6633 g/dl, Hematocrytes 30.33%, and total Leukocytes 79,33x103 sel/mm3. Given by probiotics of Bacillus sp that originatit from the digestive tract of giant prawns and tiger shrimp through the water were able to maintain the health of tilapia (Oreochormis niloticus).


Abstract Purpose: To examine the effect and feasibility of a 12-week programme of progressive resistance exercise on a group of nonagenarian (≥90 years) community-dwelling women. Method: An A–B single-subject experimental design was applied. Visual analyses were used for estimating the effect of the intervention. Outcome measurements were: Timed Up and Go (TUG), comfortable walking speed and 30-s chair stands. The programme comprised four exercises, following the principle of overload, aiming at improving strength in the main muscle groups. Feasibility of the progressive resistance intervention was assessed by recording the recruitment of participants, adherence to the intervention and adverse events. Results: Twenty-seven women were invited; eight women aged 90 and above agreed to participate and six completed the study. They suffered from one to 10 chronic medical conditions. All improved their performance in the TUG test. Five of the six participants achieved a higher walking speed (11–59%) and four of them improved on the 30-s chair-stand test with five to 10 stands. No major adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Progressive resistance training was a safe and efficient method to enhance mobility and increase lower body strength in this heterogeneous group of nonagenarian community-dwelling women. Implications for Rehabilitation Progressive resistance (PRT) training was found to be a safe and efficient method to enhance mobility and increase lower body strength in a group of community-dwelling women 90+. Participants with the poorest initial functional performance had great benefits, and the improvements appeared already after a few weeks of PRT. PRT might be useful in the rehabilitation field and could be implemented in facilities such as day care and senior centres frequented by very old persons with mobility limitations.


COVID-19 pandemic has surprised many organizations, this condition has an impact on changing the work culture of organizations. The role of information technology has proven to be the chosen solution for maintaining organizational performance. The main objective of this study is to explore the challenges and opportunities for e-leadership. The main focus of the study is directed at educational organizations and small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. A qualitative approach is used to interview informants scattered in several regions in Indonesia by information technology mediation. An important finding in this paper is that many organizations are not ready to face this condition so that the role of e-leadership is very effective for organizations to maintain the organizations performance and leaders can change their leadership style through social learning and overcome the challenges they must face to become e-leader. In addition, we also find that female leaders tend to be superior to men as e-leader, especially in terms of information technology skills and the use of social media. This paper concludes that e-leadership can be created by leaders who can overcome challenges and seize opportunities to build competitive advantage strategies.


In this paper, we describe the motion control of a parallel manipulator with two degrees of freedom. The parallel manipulator uses three pneumatic artificial actuators. We adopted the minimum number of pneumatic artificial actuators that are required to move a joint with two degrees of freedom because this manipulator is applied to the joint of a robot hand. It is known that the relationship between the inner pressure and contraction ratio of pneumatic artificial actuators is highly nonlinear and includes a hysteresis characteristic. Therefore, in this study, we perform motion control using a control system with integrated hysteresis compensation.


Hypoglycemia or glucoprivation triggers protective hormonal counterregulatory and feeding responses to aid the restoration of normoglycemia. Increasing evidence suggests pertinent roles for the brain in sensing glucoprivation and mediating counterregulation, however, the precise nature of the metabolic signals and molecular mediators linking central glucose sensing to effector functions are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that protective hormonal and feeding responses to hypoglycemia are regulated by BAD, a BCL-2 family protein with dual functions in apoptosis and metabolism. BAD-deficient mice display impaired glycemic and hormonal counterregulatory responses to systemic glucoprivation induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. BAD is also required for proper counterregulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia as evident from significantly higher glucose infusion rates and lower plasma epinephrine levels during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps. Importantly, RNA interference-mediated acute knockdown of Bad in the brain provided independent genetic evidence for its relevance in central glucose sensing and proper neurohumoral responses to glucoprivation. Moreover, BAD deficiency is associated with impaired glucoprivic feeding, suggesting that its role in adaptive responses to hypoglycemia extends beyond hormonal responses to regulation of feeding behavior. Together, these data indicate a previously unappreciated role for BAD in the control of central glucose sensing.


Abstract As part of a larger prospective study of Israeli and Palestinian families during the peace process, qualitative analysis of data from a subsample of 30 couples was conducted. Couples were classified by frequency of communication about the situation, topics most often discussed, degree of consensus on major issues, emotional role differentiation, and changes in relationship. Based on these classifications, couples were mapped on a multidimensional grid. The plot revealed a variety of interactional patterns in couples under prolonged environmental stress. Couples who reported a deterioration of their relationship had more disagreements regarding the meaning of the peace process and its consequences for the family, and were more concerned with economic issues or the situational ambiguity. Partners with a stronger ideological orientation tended to agree more often and to report an increase in cohesiveness. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed in terms of the constructivist view o...


SIR,-The article describing this extremely rare state of affairs (28 December, p. 1625) by a team from Great Ormond Street escaped my notice for a time, but since I have read it carefully I would like to ask for more information about the presence of diabetes mellitus. The presence of diabetes -insipidus I grant clearly in both cases, but in Case 1 the finding of glycosuria, especially -in a child with an abscess, is no proof of diabetes mellitus. It is said that further investigation showed that diabetes mellitus ,was present and that the girl was controlled on an unrestricted diet and 32 units of insulin zinc suspension. There is, however, no figure given of hyperglycaemia, which I think is necessary to establish firm proof of diabetes inellitus. Two years later after a further re.admission the girl had considerable glycosuria. On a diet of 160 g. carbohydrates, with unrestricted protein and fat, up to 64 units of -insulin zinc suspension were needed to eliminate the glycosuria. Again no blood-sugar -figures are given. I should be glad to have the latter or ultimate diabetic treatment zclarified. Case 2, however, has obviously proved diabetes with blood-sugars varying from 250 -to 360 mg./100 ml. before treatment. It is -therefore Case 1 which requires proof, especially as the unique feature is describing two sisters with a similar rare combination of two conditions.-I am, etc.,


This paper examines mindfulness-based practices in North American classrooms as culturally appropriated through the dominantly western modality of individualism and scientificrationalism. Through investigating MindUPTM and other mindfulness teaching resources, I demonstrate the construed qualities of mindfulness practices in western contexts. I argue that mindfulness is molded to fit colonial ontologies of values and knowledge and perpetuates oppressive realities for minority cultures. I propose that mindfulness should be reoriented into its Buddhist contexts through required lessons and trainings in Buddhist cultures, ontologies, and knowledges, and creators and supporters of mindfulness-based educational programs should refer to the practices they are promoting as attention-focusing and stress-reduction strategies and not as misconstrued, individualistic qualities of mindfulness. This paper intends to extend awareness to the broader sociopolitical consequences of culturally appropriating mindfulness


As the China is the biggest fishery country in the world, Chinese fishing vessels survey has been conducted since the beginning of 1950 This study explained Chinese fishing vessels survey system based on the national regulations.


One of the most common adverse effects caused by psychiatric medications, Akathisia is particularly related to antipsychotic drugs. Although the Food and Drug Administration has issued a black-box warning about the risks of prescribing antipsychotic medications in older adults, an estimated 40% of older adults with dementia living in nursing homes and residential care facilities are nonetheless prescribed antipsychotic drugs prescribed primarily in an attempt to control agitation and behavioral symptoms related to dementia.


In our thesis we are considering the case of houses, combining bioclimatic design and A.P.E. The purpose, is the use of pioneering and innovative construction materials and equipment with emphasis on reducing the environmental footprint of construction, in order to achieve the highest possible energy efficiency. Specifically, we have to construct a holiday complex of individual houses in the region of the Greek island which is called Kithnos , having zero energy consumption with the use of bioclimatic design and A.P.E. It is important and interesting to report that our houses are based on the structural construction method, i.e., are entirely from concrete. After all made, we have to analyze and assess the environmental footprint from each method of construction in terms of constructional and operational part. In our thesis, initially approach theoretically the meaning of the bioclimatic design and construction, stating the factors influence this design and the principles governed as well. Then we refer to thermal insulation which is a significant factor in a passive solar house, stating the meaning and from which materials represented (bioclimatic materials). Lastly, an extensive report on A.P.E made to find out those sources and how can we use them in the most effective way. In the construction part of our work, since we have already design the residential buildings, we firstly, choose the materials and equipment that will be used and secondly, which renewable sources should be used/ exploited in order to get maximum energy savings. In summary, we referring to the collection and recycling of water in residential buildings, as well as in the exploitation of geothermal and solar energy. In summary, the most important and significant part of our study is the environmental footprint. We calculate the emissions and particularly the carbon emissions (CO2) arising from each material used in our constructions related with the production process, the transportation and the placement of materials in our buildings (construction site).Thus, we are able due to energy-savings of our buildings to compare and calculate the period needed to recoup the environmental impact during the construction phase, and the time needed to work in favor for the environment.


Summary
With the crossing of the yellow fever epizootic wave from Honduras to Guatemala at the end of 1955 a new ecological area with unknown vectors became involved. Starting in March and continuing until three negative months had been recorded, mosquitoes were captured in the lower Motagua Valley and sent to the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama where attempts at virus isolation were made by inoculation of species lots into various mammals. During the course of the studies 25 viruses were isolated—22 of yellow fever and 3 of other viruses. As a result Haemagogus mesodentatus was shown to be the prime vector with H. equinus and possibly Sabethes chloropterus as secondary transmitters. The epizootic wave after decimating the primates of the lower Motagua Valley has continued across the Lake Izabal area and is now headed for Peten and Alta Verapas, areas suitable for the continuation of the disease into southern Mexico, where favorable conditions for sylvan yellow fever exist.