This paper presents a novel low-complexity interpolating control scheme involving periodic invariance or vertex reachability of target sets for the constrained control of LTI systems. Periodic invariance relaxes the strict one-step positively invariant set notion, by allowing the state trajectory to leave the set temporarily but return into the set in a finite number of steps. To reduce the complexity of the representation of the required controllable invariant set, a periodic invariant set is employed. This set should be defined within the controllable stabilising region, which is considered unknown during the design process. Since periodic invariant sets are not traditional invariant sets, a reachability problem can be solved off-line for each vertex of the outer set to provide an admissible control sequence that steers the system state back into the original target set after a finite number of steps. This work develops a periodic interpolating control (pIC) scheme between such periodic invariant sets and a maximal admissible inner set by means of an inexpensive linear programming problem, solved on-line at the beginning of each periodic control sequence. Theorems on recursive feasibility and asymptotic stability of the pIC are given. A numerical example demonstrates that pIC provides similar performance compared to more expensive optimization-based schemes previously proposed in the literature, though it employs a naive representation of the controllable invariant set.


Objective: In the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 and the associated tsunami, the Japanese medical system was not adequately prepared to deal with the many cases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and commonly used pharmaceuticals were not always effective in dealing with the symptoms of PTSD. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the physical and mental condition of tsunami survivors by using traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM) principles and examine the effects of Kampo medicine (Japanese herbal medicine) Kamishoyosan (Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san) on stress-related disorders such as PTSD. Method: The study participants consisted of 32 tsunami survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Clinical records were used to analyze (1) patient complaints, (2) diagnosis, and (3) treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The clinical records were also used for Japanese-language version of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R-J) assessments. Results: Thirty-two employees at the Urayasu nursing facility (7 men, 25 women; age, 40 ± 13 years) were enrolled as patients. The physical symptoms reported by the patients were insomnia, fatigue, palpitations, and shoulder discomfort; the mental symptoms included anxiety, sense of guilt, dreams, fear, anger, and irritation. Among TEAM syndromes, "liver qi stagnation" and "depressed liver qi transforming into fire" were most common. The herbal medicine Kamishoyosan was prescribed for 23 participants. The IES-R-J scores after the prescribed use of Kamishoyosan showed significant improvement compared to the pre-treatment IES-R-J scores. Conclusions: Kamishoyosan for applicable cases can be helpful as an adjunctive therapy for treatment of stress-related disorders such as PTSD following major disasters. Further investigation of the role of Kamishoyosan in reducing the symptoms of PTSD is warranted. Follow-up for survivors and rescue workers affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake is indispensable


The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence the regional gross domestic product, inflation, and interest rates of loans to the Domestic Investment (DCI) in Riau Province in 2001-2015. This study is an analysis of secondary data to analyze factors affecting domestic investment in Riau Province in 2001-2015. The data used in this research is data that is time series from the years 2001-2015. Methods of analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis method. Tests conducted on the hypothesis and the reliability of the data (assuming a classic) premises /; on using a significant level of 5%, with the aid of SPSS data processing. The data used was taken from the Central Statistics Agency of Riau Province, Investment and Promotion Agency of Riau and Bank Indonesia in Riau Province. From the results of tests performed on this research note simultaneously that the independent variable is regional gross domestic product, inflation and lending rates by F test significant influence on Domestic Investment in Riau province is equal to 0.000. Individually, the variable regional gross domestic product amounted to 0,018 and the positive impact significantly on Domestic Investment in Riau province is equal to 0.000. Variable inflation negative effect of -4.211 and is not significant at 0.977 and lending rates by -722.082 and negative effect not significant at 0.851 to variable Domestic Investment (DCI) in the province of Riau.


While photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising route toward zero-carbon energy, conversion efficiency remains limited. Semiconductors with narrower band gaps can absorb a much greater portion of the solar spectrum, thereby increasing efficiency. However, narrow band gap (∼1 eV) III-V semiconductor photoelectrodes have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the narrow band gap quaternary III-V alloy InGaAsP is demonstrated for the first time to have great potential for PEC water splitting, with the long-term goal of developing high-efficiency tandem PEC devices. TiO2-coated InGaAsP photocathodes generate a photocurrent density of over 30 mA/cm2 with an onset potential of 0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, yielding an applied bias efficiency of over 7%. This is an excellent performance, given that nearly all power losses can be attributed to reflection losses. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy show that InGaAsP and TiO2 form a type-II band alignment, greatly enhancing carrier separation and reducing recombination losses. Beyond water splitting, the tunable band gap of InGaAsP could be of further interest in other areas of photocatalysis, including CO2 reduction.


This paper introduces a new method for multiobject segmentation in images, named as Hierarchical Layered Oriented Image Foresting Transform (HLOIFT). As input, we have an image, a tree of relations between image objects, with the individual high-level priors of each object coded in its nodes, and the objects' seeds. Each node of the tree defines a weighted digraph, named as layer. The layers are then integrated by the geometric interactions, such as inclusion and exclusion relations, extracted from the given tree into a unique weighted digraph, named as hierarchical layered digraph. A single energy optimization is performed in the hierarchical layered weighted digraph by Oriented Image Foresting Transform (OIFT) leading to globally optimal results satisfying all the high-level priors. We evaluate our framework in the multi-object segmentation of medical and synthetic images, obtaining results comparable to the state-of-the-art methods, but with low computational complexity. Compared to multi-object segmentation by min-cut/max-flow algorithm, our approach is less restrictive, leading to globally optimal results in more general scenarios.


The electronic states in a cylindrical quantum well (CQW) in the presence of a strong axial magnetic field are investigated numerically. The authors have found that the size quantisations due to the lateral confinements may be destroyed by the strong magnetic field and, when the applied field is larger than a critical magnetic field, the quantised energy levels associated with the radial quantum numbers (n=2, 3, 4, . . .) are completely smeared out, except the first radial quantised energy level associated with n=1. The numerical calculation predicts a critical magnetic field Bc varies as R-2, where R is the radius of the CQW. Using the results obtained, they have successfully explained an unexpected experimental phenomenon related to the damping of oscillations of the density of states in a quasi-one-dimensional wire under a strong longitudinal magnetic field.


I describe a program for definitive comparison of different quality-control statistical procedures. A microcomputer simulates quality-control results generated by repetitive analytical runs. It applies various statistical rules to each result, tabulating rule breaks to evaluate rules as routinely applied by the analyst. The process repeats with increasing amounts of random and systematic error. Rate of false rejection and true error detection for currently popular statistical procedures were comparatively evaluated together with a new multirule procedure described here. The nature of the analyst's response to out-of-control signals was also evaluated. A single-rule protocol that is as effective as the multirule protocol of Westgard et al. (Clin Chem 27:493, 1981) is reported.


When learning a new concept, not all training examples may prove equally useful for training: some may have higher or lower training value than others. The goal of this paper is to bring to the attention of the vision community the following considerations: (1) some examples are better than others for training detectors or classifiers, and (2) in the presence of better examples, some examples may negatively impact performance and removing them may be beneficial. In this paper, we propose an approach for measuring the training value of an example, and use it for ranking and greedily sorting examples. We test our methods on different vision tasks, models, datasets and classifiers. Our experiments show that the performance of current state-of-the-art detectors and classifiers can be improved when training on a subset, rather than the whole training set.


Monochlorpropanediol fatty acid esters (MCPDE) and glycidyl fatty acid esters (GE) are mainly considered to be processing contaminants and their concentration can rise during high temperature refining and deodorization of edible oils. Free forms formed during digestive hydrolysis of esters such as 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), 2-MCPD and glycidol can provoke a negative effect on human health. Therefore the quantitative determination of MCPDE and GE in edible oils, fats and fat blends is needed. The aim - this manuscript deals with MCPDE and GE concentration measured as free 3-MCPD, 2-MCPD and glycidol in different edible oils, fats and fat blends of Russian market. Material and methods. 55 edible oil and fat samples sold on Russian market including refined and non-refined oils and fat blends such as spreads, dairy fat replacers, and margarines have been analyzed. Slow alkaline transesterification method with GC-MS/MS was used. Results. According to the data obtained, the highest concentrations of the contaminants were detected in fat blends: <0.10-5.03 mg/kg for 3-MCPD, <0.10-2.50 mg/kg for 2-MCPD and 0.1 5-11.17 mg/kg for glycidol. In palm oils and its fractions concentration of 3-MCPD was <0.10-6.61 mg/kg, 2-MCPD - <0.10-2.69 mg/kg and glycidol - <0.10-6.29 mg/kg. The content of glycidol in sunflower oils fluctuated in the range <0.10-1.19 mg/kg, 3-MCPD was <0.10-2.47 mg/kg, and 2-MCPD <0.10-0.67 mg/kg. Non-refined edible oils and olive oils had no or little MCPDE or GE. Conclusion. In this work we indicate high importance of monitoring MCPDE and GE in edible oils and fats both as ready-to-eat products and as ingredients prior to the Russian market release. There is strong need in mitigation of these process contaminants during fat blends manufacturing.


Like many other developed economies, the United States has imposed fiscal rules in attempting to impose a degree of fiscal discipline on the political process of budget determination. The federal government has operated under a series of budget control regimes that have been complex in nature and of debatable impact. Much of the complexity of these federal budget regimes relates to the structure of the U.S. federal government. The controversy over the impact of different regimes relates to the fact that the rules have no constitutional standing, leading to the question of whether they do more than clarify a government's intended policies. In this paper, I review US federal budget rules and present some evidence on their possible effects. From an analysis of how components of the federal budget behaved under the different budget regimes, it appears that the rules did have some effects, rather than simply being statements of policy intentions. The rules may also have had some success at deficit control, although such conclusions are highly tentative given the many other factors at work during the different periods. Even less certain is the extent to which the various rules achieved whatever objectives underlay their introduction.


A method for the analysis of the plastic deformation of a circular plate subject to projectile impact is presented based on the assumption that the material is rigid viscoplastic, obeying a von Mises yield condition and associated flow rule. The predictions of the analysis are compared with the results of experiments in which projectiles of different masses are fired at various velocities at clamped plates of mild steel. The plates used in the experiments are such that substantial plastic strains can develop, while the maximum displacements are of the same order as the thickness. The analytical method presented predicts the behaviour of the plates to within the accuracy of the tests. The material constants which fit the results are in accord with those obtained from different tests.


Abstract : A key element in the practice of operational art is the command and control senior leaders employ to direct their forces in battle. This command and control encompasses not only the vision the commander has for the attainment of his campaign aims, but how he translates that vision and his intent into orders which lead to the securing of his objectives. Should the commander fail to impart his vision or intent to his subordinates the unity of effort of his forces will suffer as each subordinate will be left to determine for himself which actions on the battlefield are key to the success of the campaign. This , in large measure, was the case in the army of Northern Virginia in 1863, and the result was defeat on the battlefield.


The purpose of anatomic resection of the liver is to systemically eliminate malignant tumors that spread via the portal vein. Moreover, it results in reducing bleeding and bile leakage from the cut surface of the liver because Glisson's pedicle resection leads to parenchyma transection. Anatomical resection includes hemi‐hepatectomy, sectionectomy, and segmentectomy. Recently, it has been noticed that this concept is not always appropriate for the liver resection including the right paramedian sector. It can be divided vertically into the ventral and the dorsal area according to the ramification of the third order of the portal veins. In the present study, we focused on the right paramedian sector and described techniques of surgical procedures of hepatectomy including resection of the ventral or dorsal areas.


ABSTRACT A-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone) at an extremely low concentration triggers streptomycin production and aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces griseus. A-factor induces the expression of an A-factor-dependent transcriptional activator, AdpA, essential for both morphological and physiological differentiation by binding to the A-factor receptor protein ArpA, which has bound and repressed the adpA promoter, and dissociating it from the promoter. Nine DNA fragments that were specifically recognized and bound by histidine-tagged AdpA were isolated by cycles of a gel mobility shift-PCR method. One of them was located in front of a gene encoding an extracytoplasmic function ς factor belonging to a subgroup of the primary ς70 family. The cloned gene was named AdpA-dependent sigma factor gene (adsA), and the gene product was named ςAdsA. Transcription ofadsA depended on A-factor and AdpA, since adsAwas transcribed at a very low and constant level in an A-factor-deficient mutant strain or in an adpA-disrupted strain. Consistent with this, transcription of adsA was greatly enhanced at or near the timing of aerial hyphae formation, as determined by low-resolution S1 nuclease mapping. High-resolution S1 mapping determined the transcriptional start point 82 nucleotides upstream of the translational start codon. DNase I footprinting showed that AdpA bound both strands symmetrically between the transcriptional start point and the translational start codon; AdpA protected the antisense strand from positions +7 to +41 with respect to the transcriptional start point and the sense strand from positions +12 to +46. A weak palindrome was found in the AdpA-binding site. The unusual position bound by AdpA as a transcriptional activator, in relation to the promoter, suggested the presence of a mechanism by which AdpA activates transcription of adsA in some unknown way. Disruption of the chromosomal adsA gene resulted in loss of aerial hyphae formation but not streptomycin or yellow pigment production, indicating that ςAdsA is involved only in morphological development and not in secondary metabolic function. The presence of a single copy in each of the Streptomycesspecies examined by Southern hybridization suggests a common role in morphogenesis in this genus.


The article describes the technique and results of experimental studies of micromechanical processing – microgrinding. The main goal of the conducted experiments is the approbation of the developed thermophysical model of microgrinding. This model avoids a large number of experiments with changing materials, technical requirements and production conditions. As the processed material, K-8 grade glass is chosen, which is the most popular material for manufacturing optical and medical devices, such as lenses, prisms, lasers, cuvettes for hemoglo-bins, etc. The material of the cutting part of the microgrinding tool is polycrystalline diamond. To collect data on cutting forces, the Kistler dynamometer was used. For research and collection of data on the cutting temperature, a unique technique was used, which makes it possible to obtain a thermal imager and image processing using pixels. This technique allows you to record the temperature at any time, and also clearly associate it with the known value of the pixel di-mensions. During the experiments it was found that from the filing of feed, the processing time. It was found that the increase in feed rate leads to an increase in temperature, however, the character of the dependence is not linear. In addition, a certain time of running-in of the cutting tool, cha-racterized by temperature stabilization. The nature of heat distribution in the workpiece is also revealed. The collected data allow to test the developed thermophysical model and to calibrate the computer program complex.


Invariants of combinatorial line arrangements and Rybnikov's example by E. A. Bartolo, J. C. Ruber, J. I. Cogolludo-Agustin, and M. A. Marco-Buzunariz On time averaged optimization of dynamic inequalities on a circle by A. Davydov Thom polynomial computing strategies. A survey by L. M. Feher and R. Rimanyi The complex crystallographic groups and symmetries of $J_{10}$ by V. Goryunov and S. H. Man $tt^*$ geometry and mixed Hodge structures by C. Hertling Thom polynomials by M. Kazarian Quasi-convex decomposition in o-minimal structures. Application to the gradient conjecture by K. Kurdyka and A. Parusinski Homotopy groups of complements to ample divisors by A. Libgober Massey products of complex hypersurface complements by D. Matei On degree of mobility for complete metrics by V. S. Matveev Valuations and moduli of Goursat distributions by P. Mormul Semidifferentiabilite et version lisse de la conjecture de fibration de Whitney by C. Murolo and D. Trotman Submanifolds with a nondegenerate parallel normal vector field in euclidean spaces by J. J. Nuno-Ballesteros Weighted homogeneous polynomials and blow-analytic equivalence by O. M. Abderrahmane Characteristic classes of singular varieties by A. Parusinski On the classification of 7th degree real decomposable curves by G. M. Polotovskiy $\mathcal A$-topological triviality of map germs and Newton filtrations by M. J. Saia and L. M. Soares On the topology of symmetry sets of smooth submanifolds in $\mathbb{R}^k$ by V. D. Sedyh An infinitesimal criterion for topological triviality of families of sections of analytic varieties by M. A. S. Ruas and J. N. Tomazella Lines of principal curvature near singular end points of surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ by J. Sotomayor and R. Garcia $r$ does not imply $n$ or $(npf)$ for definable sets in non polynomially bounded o-minimal structures by D. Trotman and L. Wilson Valuations and local uniformization by M. Vaquie Arc spaces, motivic integration and stringy invariants by W. Veys Finite Dehn surgery along A'Campo's divide knots by Y. Yamada.


The National Map (TNM) portal provides public access to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) high-resolution topographic datasets, and maps from the Historical Topographic Map Collection (HTMC). Elevation values shown on HTMC maps were obtained from ground spot elevation measurements, as compared to today's elevation measurements derived from more efficient methods, such as lidar, radar, or sonar. These spot elevations were collected either by levelling in the field or by photogrammetrists in the office, and are called mass points with post-spacings of two-arc seconds (arcsec), approximately 60 meters depending on latitude, in steep terrain and one-half arcsec, approximately 15 meters, in flat terrain (Federal Geographic Data Committee 1997). The vertical accuracy of spot elevations is ± 10 feet. Most spot elevations were used only in contour derivation to create a more spatially continuous representations of terrain, but some were also labelled on the maps to supply accurate elevations of culturally important features such as mountain peaks, gaps, and road junctions.


Abstract: The crystal structure of the title compound, K2[VO(C7H3O4N)(NH2O)2(H2O)]2, is composed of KO9 and VO5N2 polyhedra connected through pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylate (2,3-dipicolinate) bridges. The VO5N2 coordination polyhedron is a pentagonal bipyramid, with hydroxylamido and dipicolinato ligands being bidentate. The axial positions are occupied by the terminal oxo ligand and one oxygen atom from a deprotonated carboxylate group. The oxygen atoms from hydroxylamido and the nitrogen atoms belonging either to the pyridine ring or to the hydroxylamido occupy the equatorial positions and form an approximate pentagonal plane. The irregular KO9 polyhedra are linked, sharing edges and planes to form infinite chains. These chains are linked by the dipicolinate bridges to form layers. The distorted VO5N2 polyhedron is grafted on to the layer by the dipicolinate carboxylate O atom. Adjacent layers are connected through N–H···O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.


Background: Antibiotic resistance has become a global health issue with substantial health and economic burdens. Surgical prophylaxis is the main indication for prescribing antibiotics and over 40% of prescriptions are inappropriate. This study aims to assess the antibiotic prescribing practices in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Australia and New Zealand, comparing current practices to national guidelines and current evidence. Methods: A survey was sent to practising Otolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. Surgeons were asked to indicate their antibiotic prescribing practises for general and subspecialty procedures. Results: A total of 472 emails were sent to members from the Australian Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (ASOHNS) and New Zealand Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (NZSOHNS). After 12 weeks of the survey being active, a total of 137 responses were collected (29.0% response rate). For tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy 64% (n=87) prescribed no antibiotics while 31.1% (n=41) prescribed postoperative antibiotics. For insertion of middle ear ventilation tubes, most surgeons (51.8%, n=71) did not prescribe antibiotics while 48.9% (n=67) prescribed post-operative ototopical antibiotics only. For septoplasty ± turbinoplasty most surgeons preferred post-operative antibiotics if they used packing after the operation (62.3%, n=81). Prescribing practices for subspecialty operations within Head and Neck/Laryngology, Otology, Rhinology/Skull base and facial plastics were varied. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescribing practices were varied among Otolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons in Australia and New Zealand with a gap between current prescribing practices and national guidelines. Given the increased attention to and awareness of antibiotic resistance, further high-level studies are needed to determine the need and efficacy of antibiotics in various elective operations.


Objective: To compare the outcome of early blood transfusion i.e. within 6hrs. (hours) of admission VS late blood transfusion (after 6 hrs.) in puerperal septic shock patients with anemia. Study design: A prospective quasiexperimental controlled trial in ICU(intensive care unit) of lady Willingdon hospital, a tertiary care hospital of Obstetrics and gynecology from Aug2013 to July 2016. Population: Patients admitted with septic shock and anemia during puerperium in ICU . Methods: 74 patients were included in the study by purposive sampling technique. Exclusion criteria were an irreversible shock, chronic lung, and heart disease or those requiring surgical intervention. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines were followed for the management of these patients. Effect of blood transfusion on the recovery of these subjects was studied. The study group consisted of 43 patients in which blood was transfused within 6hrs. of admission. Control group had 31 patients in whom blood could not be transfused within this period. The demographic features and outcome of both groups were recorded and entered on spss20 statistical package. Results: The time of recovery from hypotension, tachycardia, pulmonary edema, ventilator and cardiac support was significantly shorter in the study group compared to the control. A lesser number of blood transfusions was required to treat anemia in the study group. Maternal mortality was less in the study group (23.25%) as compared to control group (48.39%) with an odds ratio of decrease in maternal mortality of 0.323(.119-.877). Conclusion: Early blood transfusion shortens the time of recovery and decreases maternal mortality and morbidity in puerperal septic shock patients with anemia.


PurposeSince the 2010s, market conditions for container shipping companies have been deteriorating owing to decreasing container cargo trade and increasing supply capacity. This study aims to contribute to the empirical literature on the container shipping industry market structure. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the extent of market competition.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyzes the market structure and evaluates the market power of shipping companies through a non-structural test.FindingsThe H-statistic for the entire period of 2004–2018 was 0.37, which is significantly different from zero. This indicates the absence of monopoly pricing throughout the entire period. For the time-phased estimates, the H-statistic between 2004 and 2008 is 0.15, which is not significantly different from zero. On the other hand, the H-statistic from 2009 to 2018 was 0.40, which differs significantly from zero.Originality/valueAs the Far East Freight Conference had released tariffs and charge rates by item for container shipping routes, monopolistic pricing is said to have appeared until the European Union abolished the European Economic Community (No. 4056/86) in 2008, before the economic crisis. However, this study indicates that pricing in the container shipping industry has been distinctly non-monopolistic; further, competition seems to have intensified since 2008. Industry competitiveness is of interest not only to academics but also to practitioners, including policymakers, especially when considering competition policies.


: A study of three hundred and fifty-two patients (700 eyes) was undertaken to determine the relationship (if any) between abnormal corneal physiology and methods of fitting hard contact lenses. This was divided into two categories of slit-lamp findings, i.e., central edema or central corneal clouding (ccc), and peripheral (3/9) staining. The categories of lens fitting methods were broken down into (a) alignment, (b) steep and (c) flat. The results and relationships are reported.


Nephrotoxicity remains one of the most common side‐effects of cyclosporine in the setting of transplantation. Acute reversible decreases in glomerular filtration rate and chronic irreversible renal damage are the most common manifestations, but hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura have been reported. Prognosis of cyclosporine‐associated de novo hemolytic uremic syndrome (CyA‐HUS) is poor, with nearly half of affected patients losing function in the transplanted kidney. Therapeutic options are limited, but good outcomes have been reported by switching patients from cyclosporine to tacrolimus. We report an unusual presentation of CyA‐HUS associated with hemorrhagic colitis following renal transplantation. The patient was successfully managed by switching from cyclosporine to tacrolimus.


Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a common tool for conserving and managing marine and coastal ecosystems. MPAs encompass a range of protection levels, from fully protected no-take reserves to restriction of only particular activities, gear types, user groups, target species, or extrac- tion periods. There is a growing body of scientific evidence supporting the ecological benefits of full reserve protection, but it is more difficult to generalize about the effects of other types of MPAs, in part because they include a range of actual protection levels. However, it is critical to determine whether partial protection and no-take reserves provide similar ecological benefits given potential economic costs of lost fishing grounds in no-take areas, common sociopolitical opposition to full pro- tection, and promotion of partially protected areas as a compromise solution in ocean zoning dis- putes. Here we synthesize all empirical studies comparing biological measures (biomass, density, species richness, and size of organisms) in no-take marine reserves and adjacent partially protected and unprotected areas across a range of geographic locations worldwide. We demonstrate that while partially protected areas may confer some benefits over open access areas, no-take reserves gener- ally show greater benefits and yield significantly higher densities of organisms within their bound- aries relative to partially protected sites nearby.


Background: Following the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream schools worldwide, legislative changes have recently been introduced in Poland, facilitating educational inclusion of individuals with disabilities. However, practical implementation still requires further action. Attitudes are a major determinant of teachers' behavior. Therefore, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, the instrument Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Physical Disabilities in Physical Education (ATIPDPE) has been developed, and adapted to cultural contexts in several countries (e.g. South Africa, Slovenia, and Greece). Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate construct validity of the revised ATIPDPE-R instrument to the Polish cultural context (ATIPDPE-R-PL), in order to prepare a reliable scale to measure the attitudes of physical education (PE) teachers towards teaching students with physical disabilities in general PE classes.Methods: Participants were 158 in-service PE teachers (100 women and 58 men, range of age from 25 to 60, from primary and secondary schools) from Polish schools. Construct validity was obtained throughout the principal component analysis method (PCA). Reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, where the value of at least .7 was accepted as satisfactory.Results: Based on the analysis, the attitudinal scale of ATIPDPE-R-PL measured three psychological components, which came from the PCA, and explained 66% of the variance similar to the original scale.Conclusions: The three components were positive and negative outcomes for students and negative outcomes for teachers, however items in each component varied from the original scale.


This research aims are to describe the concept of literacy culture on children at early age and to describe the implementation of literacy culture strengthening program on children at early age enrolled at PAUD Inklusi Saymara. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, and the research is conducted at PAUD Inklusi Saymara Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah.The research results find that the literacy culture program is important to be implemented from early childhood, starting in the family circle and continued to school age. School is an environment that has determining role in forming children's reading interest. The programs implemented at PAUD Inklusi Saymara include "one day one story" program, in which the teacher will tell stories for the students via various media. The activity of book reading in compelling way will inspire children that reading is fun, and it will stimulate children's reading interest. The second program is strengthening reading interest based on library. Library holds important role in fostering and developing awareness in reading. The third program is stimulating children's skills in reading and writing through playful activities. The program to stimulate children's reading and writing skills is according to the phases of reading and writing development on 4/6-year-old children. The last program is visiting bookstore to introduce and familiarize books for kids and build literacy culture from early childhood. Through the programs to strengthen literacy culture at PAUD Inklusi Saymara, it is proven that the children's reading interest improves significantly.


The fear response of two different captive populations of red jungle fowl (rjf, Gallus gallus) was measured in three different tests, a ground predator test, an aerial predator test and a tonic immobility test. The two populations originated from Copenhagen zoo (Cop) and Gotala research station (Got) but had been kept together for four generations. Earlier generations had a confirmed difference in fearfulness where the Cop birds exhibited a higher degree of fear response than Got birds (Hakansson and Jensen, 2005; Hakansson et al., 2007). The most and least fearful birds of each sex and population were identified and used in a gene expression study. The midbrain regions from the candidate birds were collected and RNA was isolated from each brain. The RNA was then reversed transcribed to cDNA which was used in a cDNA microarray experiment. 13 significantly differentially expressed genes were found between the fearful and non-fearful females. Among others were the neuroprotein Axin1, two potential DNA/RNA regulating proteins and an unknown transcript in the Quantitative Trait Locus 1(QTL 1), a well studied QTL on chromosome one with substantial effect on both behaviour and morphology during domestication (Schutz et al., 2002). This thesis succeeds in finding a difference in gene expression between fearful and non fearful female rjf but not between males. It fails in identifying gene expression differences between the two populations. Finally, the found differentiated genes suggest a potential molecular mechanism controlling the fear response in fowl.


Salmonella infection associates with tissue hypoxia, while inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), relying for its activity on molecular oxygen, stands as a central host defence measure in murine salmonellosis. Here, we have detailed hypoxia and iNOS responses of murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells upon infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We noted that only a proportion of the infected RAW264.7 cells became hypoxic or expressed iNOS. Heavily infected cells became hypoxic, while in parallel such cells tended not to express iNOS. While a proportion of the infected RAW264.7 cells revealed shutdown of protein synthesis, this was only detectable after 12 h post infection and after iNOS expression was induced in the cell culture. Our data implicate an intrinsic heterogeneity with regard to hypoxia and iNOS expression in a cell culture-based infection setting.


Abstract Introduction Sample enrichment is a key factor in contemporary early-detection strategies aimed at the identification of help-seekers at increased risk of imminent transition to psychosis. We undertook a meta-analytic investigation to ascertain the role of sample enrichment in the recently highlighted negative prognostic effect of baseline antipsychotic (AP) exposure in clinical high-risk (CHR-P) of psychosis individuals. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies on CHR-P were identified according to a validated diagnostic procedure. The outcome was the proportion of transition to psychosis, which was calculated according to the Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation. Results Thirty-three eligible studies were identified, including 16 samples with details on AP exposure at baseline and 17 samples with baseline AP exposure as exclusion criterion for enrollment. Those with baseline exposure to AP (n = 395) had higher transition rates (29.9%; 95% CI: 25.1%–34.8%) than those without baseline exposure to AP in the same study (n = 1289; 17.2%; 15.1%–19.4%) and those coming from samples that did not include people who were exposed to AP at baseline (n = 2073; 16.2%; 14.6%–17.8%; P < .05 in both the fixed-effects and the random-effects models). Heterogeneity within studies was substantial, with values above 75% in all comparisons. Conclusions Sample enrichment is not a plausible explanation for the higher risk of transition to psychosis of CHR-P individuals who were already exposed to AP at the enrollment in specialized early-detection programs. Baseline exposure to AP at CHR-P assessment is a major index of enhanced, imminent risk of psychosis.


Adhesive contact between an axisymmetric punch and a piezoelectric half space in the presence of a liquid bridge formed by capillary condensation is studied. The coupling between liquid-bridge force and piezoelectric elastic deformation is taken into account. The solution is obtained by using the integral transform method with the aid of the dual integral equation technique. Combined with the thermodynamics equilibrium of capillary condensation, two competitive factors closely related to the relative humidity are shown to affect the capillary adhesive force. Two dimensionless parameters, which represent the material properties, and geometric relative relationships between liquid-bridge and contact systems, respectively, are defined to investigate the role of the capillary bridge on adhesive contact. Due to the electromechanical coupling, the applied electric load is shown to evidently affect adhesive contact. This may provide a possible means by which to weaken the influence of the capillary bridge in atomic force microscopy piezoelectric measurements.Adhesive contact between an axisymmetric punch and a piezoelectric half space in the presence of a liquid bridge formed by capillary condensation is studied. The coupling between liquid-bridge force and piezoelectric elastic deformation is taken into account. The solution is obtained by using the integral transform method with the aid of the dual integral equation technique. Combined with the thermodynamics equilibrium of capillary condensation, two competitive factors closely related to the relative humidity are shown to affect the capillary adhesive force. Two dimensionless parameters, which represent the material properties, and geometric relative relationships between liquid-bridge and contact systems, respectively, are defined to investigate the role of the capillary bridge on adhesive contact. Due to the electromechanical coupling, the applied electric load is shown to evidently affect adhesive contact. This may provide a possible means by which to weaken the influence of the capillary bridge in ato...


Abstract : The Sixties, Center Stage: Mainstream and Popular Performances in a Turbulent Decade makes a significant contribution to 1960s theatre historiography by challenging and revising the counter-cultural bias of prior scholarship. Readers seeking alternatives to the pedagogical and analytical paradigms of sixties performance culture in the United States will find the insights of this collection invaluable.


Background: A partial mole is the result of fertilization of a haploid ovum by two sperms or duplication of one sperm, resulting in a triploid karyotype (69 XXY, 69 XXX, 69 XYY). To date, there are very few cases of histo-pathologically confirmed partial moles with diploid karyotypes which survived. This case is reported to highlight the rarest variant of partial molar pregnancy.

Case presentation: Here we present a case of singleton partial molar pregnancy co-existing with a live fetus delivered to an 18 years old primigravida lady at Jimma university medical center (JUMC) after amenorrhea of 8 months. She presented with eclamptic seizure for which she was admitted with a diagnosis of Eclampsia in 3rd trimester pregnancy. Malpresentation (breech) with? Abruptio placenta to rule out partial mole was considered initially. Cesarean section (C/S) was done to effect delivery of an alive female neonate weighing 1100 gm with an APGAR score of 4, 6 & 7 at 1st, 5th & the 10th minute of life. The neonate is admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where she is complicated by early neonatal death after 65 hours of stay despite many efforts, the possible cause of death being respiratory failure secondary to underlying prematurity. Grossly placenta was single, weighing 1200 gm and invaded by vesicles except its membrane. Histo-pathological finding of placenta was consistent with partial mole.

Conclusion: The optimal management of hydatidiform mole with coexistent live fetus is currently uncertain. Clinicians are recommended to present their individual cases for the establishment of guidelines for the management and prenatal counseling for pregnancies with partial mole with coexistent fetuses.


26 students, males and females, aged 15 through 18 yr. referred to the school psychologist for assessment participated in the study to determine the relationship between self-esteem and depression in high school students. Each subject was administered a self-esteem checklist and two measures of depression on one occasion. The correlations between self-esteem and depression were significant (.34 to .75) for both measures of depression.


I base this article on an event that transpired during a funeral ceremony in the village of Achinathang in Ladakh, India. This incident, which coincided with a period of interreligious conflicts between Muslim and Buddhist communities, led me to question the manner in which margins become sites for the definition and contestation of citizenship and power. Here, I analyze the construction of margins in multiple contexts: in negotiating boundaries between death and rebirth, in coping with and challenging the control exerted by town-based political reform movements over rural space, and finally, in locating the position of the ethnographer in histories and spaces of domination. [death rituals, social space, politics of location, Buddhism, South Asia]


Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a multivariate analysis that allows reduction of the complexity of datasets while preserving data covariance and visualizing the information on colorful scatterplots, ideally with only a minimal loss of information. PCA applications are extensively used as the foremost analyses in population genetics and related fields (e.g., animal and plant or medical genetics), implemented in well-cited packages like EIGENSOFT and PLINK. PCA outcomes are used to shape study design, identify, and characterize individuals and populations, and draw historical and ethnobiological conclusions on origins, evolution, dispersion, and relatedness. The replicability crisis in science has prompted us to evaluate whether PCA results are reliable, robust, and replicable. We employed an intuitive color-based model alongside human population data for eleven common test cases. We demonstrate that PCA results are artifacts of the data and that they can be easily manipulated to generate desired outcomes. PCA results may not be reliable, robust, or replicable as the field assumes. Our findings raise concerns about the validity of results reported in the literature of population genetics and related fields that place a disproportionate reliance upon PCA outcomes and the insights derived from them. We conclude that PCA may have a biasing role in genetic investigations. An alternative mixed-admixture population genetic model is discussed.


Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) historically primarily affects pediatric patients with leukemia who are undergoing chemotherapy or who have recently received bone marrow transplants. Although a few case reports have shown NE occurring outside of this typical population, to our knowledge, this is the first published case of NE occurring in the setting of pediatric heart transplant. This patient was diagnosed several months after pediatric heart transplant, with radiographs showing evidence of pneumatosis intestinalis. Although NE does not typically affect solid organ transplant patients, this patient had a variety of risk factors that may have predisposed her to development of NE such as severe neutropenia, supratherapeutic tacrolimus level, immunosuppression with cytotoxic agents, and elevated Epstein-Barr viral load. Fortunately, this patient improved with bowel rest, fluids, antibiotics, and alteration of her immunosuppressive regimen. However, NE can be fatal, and thus it is an important condition to consider, even in patients without leukemia or on chemotherapeutic regimens.


The paper assessed the capability of the Voronoi and sphere models in the retrieval of IWP and re using aircraft-based measurements of 380, 640, and 874 GHz brightness temperature. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the brightness temperature differences between 640 and 874 GHz are used for IWP retrieval, while brightness temperature differences between 380, 640 and 874 GHz are used for re retrieval. The authors find well correlations between the Voronoi-based retrievals and Evan's Bayesian retrievals using data from the CoSSI instrument. The comparisons of the retrieved IWP and re between Evan' s Bayesian retrievals using data from the CoSSIR instrument and the inversion algorithm among the Voronoi and Sphere models suggest that the Voronoi model outperforms the Sphere model. Overall, the highlight of this paper is that the Voronoi model has been previously applied to visible and infrared applications in satellite remote sensing and climate model simulations, and now it is being applied over the terahertz region to investigate how well the model performs there. The paper is relatively wellwritten, and the figures are also well-displayed. The analysis is quantitative and clear, with no obvious flaws. This paper could be a good supplement to the development of satellite remote sensing of ice clouds in the sub-millimetre regions. The topic presented in this study is suitable for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, so I recommend Minor Revisions for publication. Response


The article examines of theoretical approaches to the Belbin Team Roles test – a psychological examining instrument widely used from the eighties of the last century in English-speaking countries by psychologists for professional selection and psychological support of organizational staff, including law enforcement structures. The test is currently considered as one of the most proven psychological examining instrument assessing team roles that a person  plays in professional activities. The Belbin Team Roles test was developed on the basis of multi-stage research involving various organizations and teams.Ukraine does not have any Ukrainian-language version of this test, although its structure and diagnostic capabilities allow its usage in different law enforcement agencies. The article reveals the theoretical basis of the Belbin Team Roles test, which is based on an orthogonal model of the interaction of two basic personality scales, according to Eysenck's theory, - introversion-extraversion and anxiety-stability. The study confirmed the feasibility of carrying out special work to adapt the Belbin Team Roles test into Ukrainian for the needs of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the tests gives a comprehensive psychological examination of a person's predisposition to perform one or more team roles in a unit – a chief, a planner, a think tank, an evaluator, an investigator, a work addict, a team coordinator and a finisher. The test contains a set of statements, grouped into seven thematic groups; the respondents do not require a significant amount of time to complete the proposed tasks. After test filling by employees of a body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, a psychologist can determine their belonging to a certain personality type, which determines their ability to perform certain roles in a unit; this will help to correctly determine employees' specializations in a body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in a particular law enforcement area, as well as the optimal role in a unit.
The authors have convincingly confirmed the expediency of using this test in psychological work with personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, because the test allows complex psychological examination of important social-psychological characteristics and can determine employees' inclination to perform one of eight key team roles during the professional activities.


A theoretical investigation is made of an instability of a molten metal surface on the walls of a deep vapour—gas cavity or crater when this surface absorbs a uniform flux of the energy of laser radiation. The instability is due to the growth of perturbations on the free surface of the melt. This growth is maintained by an associated space—time modulation of the evaporation pressure. The dispersion equation for weak hydrodynamic perturbations is derived and investigated. This equation allows for the dependence of the instability increment on the laser radiation and phase transition parameters, and also on the material constants of the medium. Quantitative estimates are obtained of the conditions for the realisation of the investigated instability mechanism.


During emergency situations a key requirement is information sharing. If emergencies are known a-priori, it is possible to specify them using emergency policies, modeling the extra sharing needs usually arising during emergencies. However, there are many situations where emergencies can be unspecified and yet they require a timely information sharing. Therefore, in this paper, we present an extended model which is able to deal with such emergencies. The idea is to open the system to some controlled violations, i.e., those denied access requests that signal the occurrence of an unspecified emergency. We have defined measures to determine whether a denied access request represents an information need for an unspecified emergency or the risk of an attempted abuse, and we have carried out experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed measures comparing them with a human-based evaluation.


Anvil bones bioceramic prostheses were used in tympanoplasty performed in 60 patients with chronic otitis media purulenta (COMP). Complete and partial variants of the prostheses were tried. Follow-up results available for 60 patients demonstrate that the above tympanoplasty improved hearing in 41 out of 60 patients, made possible complete cavity epidermization, arrested inflammation, secured safety of the tympanic transplant in 51 patients. Bioceramic prostheses of the anvil bones provide stable hearing improvement even in COMP cases with severe impairment of the anvil bones.


Abstract Hypertension is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components i.e., diabetes, obesity, elevated triglycerides (TG), low HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, as well as selected manifestations of CVD i.e., atrial fibrillation (AF), peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in persons with and without hypertension in the Polish population. The analysis included participants of Polish multicentre WOBASZ II Study i.e., 6163 persons aged 19 and above. The Mantel Haenszel anlysis and multidimensional logistic regression model were used to assess the relations between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components as well as selected manifestations of CVD with hypertension. Compared to normotensives, metabolic syndrome was over 5 times more prevalent in participants with hypertension (OR = 5.35, 95% CI:4.71–6.09). Components of the metabolic syndrome and selected manifestations of CVD were more prevalent in participants with hypertension compared to normotensives. The Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were as follows: obesity counted as BMI > 30 kg/m2 OR = 2.58 (2.26–2.96), raised triglycerides OR = 2.34 (2.07–2.64), reduced HDL-C OR = 1.81 (1.59–2.06), metabolic syndrome OR = 5.35 (4.71–6.09), diabetes OR = 2.54 (1.98–3.26), AF OR = 1.47 (1.09–2.00), PAD OR = 1.51 (1.14–1.99), CAD OR = 1.94 (1.52–2.49), MI OR = 1.89 (1.32–2.70), hospitalization due to HF OR = 2.02 (1.43–2.87), hospitalization due to exacerbation of CAD OR = 2.13 (1.58–2.86), hospitalization due to revascularization OR = 2.38 (1.49–3.80), hospitalization due to stroke OR = 1.72 (1.1–2.68). Compared to normotensive participants, persons with hypertension had higher prevalence of diabetes, obesity, MS, PAD, CAD, stroke, MI and AF, and more frequent need for hospitalization due to HF, exacerbation of CAD and for coronary revascularization.


We report on the use of programs based upon rule induction for the induction of gene influence networks from microarray data and for analyzing the resulting networks. We use these programs to induce gene networks from a dataset created by merging normalized versions of the Beer et al. and Battacharjee et al. datasets made available for the 2003 CAMDA conference. We verified our findings by comparing them to lists of known oncogenes. Our results suggest that (1) normalization can be used to combine microarray datasets to yield a dataset with a larger number of cases, which facilitates discovery from the cases, and (2) our programs can be used to induce gene influence networks from microarray datasets and to use the induced networks to identify statistically significant differences in subgroups of the datasets. For example, our programs have rediscovered many known oncogenes from the combined dataset. General Terms Algorithms, experimentation, evaluation


The current article presents a reflective case study following an applied service delivery experience with a 21-year-old professional footballer. The primary aim of the intervention was to support the client while facing several critical moments (breakdown in relationships, identity, and contract negotiations). This support involved creating a confidential space for her to discuss her values, beliefs, and identity while considering some of the tensions and dilemmas experienced while considering her future. Throughout this process, the first author adopted an existential counseling approach to practice and utilized the Four Dimensions of Existence and Emotional Compass as hermeneutic devices to analyze the client's presenting challenges. The working relationship lasted for 3 months and spanned eight online sessions. Reflections on practitioner individuation and the value of adopting an existential approach to service delivery are provided.


The phenomenon known as metaphor is an extremely complex mental event – we cannot capture its complexity if we tie ourselves to existing standard views on metaphor. This book offers fresh insight into metaphor, updating an established theory, conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), in the context of current cognitive linguistic theory, and clarifying many of the issues that researchers in the study of metaphor have raised against CMT. Starting with an introduction to CMT, the subsequent chapters set out propositions for extended conceptual metaphor theory, including a discussion on whether literal language exists at all, whether conceptual metaphors are both conceptual and contextual, and whether they are both offline and online. Providing a fresh take on a constantly developing field, this study will enrich the work of researchers in areas ranging from metaphorical cognition to literary studies.


This study simulates lateral motion in magnetic levitation (maglev) transportation systems using a novel electromagnetic guiding device. First, current control modules, a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller, and a buck converter are used for driving electromagnets. The electromagnetic guiding system, which has two current control modules, a gap controller and a bipolar switching device, controls the gap between the moving platform and the rail. A cascade dynamic model, which has a current control module, electromagnet, and moving platform, is established. Based on the dynamic model, a novel cascade sliding mode controller is designed successfully. Finally, to eliminate the sensitivity of the proposed control scheme to system parameters, a cascade sliding-mode-based genetic algorithm control scheme is utilized.


This thesis is concerned with presenting and developing modeling approaches which allow for a time-varying effect of covariates by using time-varying coefficients. The different approaches are compared in simulation studies. Thereby, we investigate how well different components of the simulated models can be identified. The models performing best in the simulation study are then applied to data collected within the study "Improved Air Quality and its Influences on Short-Term Health Effects in Erfurt, Eastern Germany". One specific aspect in this analysis is to assess the necessity of a time-varying estimate compared to a more parsimonious, time-constant fit.
A further topic is the estimation of time-varying coefficient models in the presence of measurement errors in the exposure variable. We specify a measurement error model
and present methods to estimate parameters and measurement error variances of the model in the case of autocorrelated latent exposure as well as measurement errors. Furthermore,
two methods adjusting for measurement errors in the context of time-varying coefficients are developed. The first one is based on a hierarchical Bayesian model and the Bayesian error correction principle. The second method is an extension of the well-known regression calibration approach to the case of autocorrelated data. The obtained estimated true values can then be included into the main model to assess the effect of the variable of interest. Finally, the approaches are again applied to the Erfurt data.


Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing global average temperature in the recent decades, is receiving wide attention due to its very significant adverse effects on climate. Whether global warming will continue even in the future, is a question that is most important to investigate. In this regard, the so-called general circulation models (GCMs) have attempted to project the future climate, and nearly all of them exhibit alarming rates of global temperature rise in the future.
Although global warming in the current time frame is undeniable, it is important to assess the validity of the future predictions of the GCMs. In this article, we attempt such a study using our recently-developed Bayesian multiple testing paradigm for model selection in inverse regression problems. The model we assume for the global temperature time series is based on Gaussian process emulation of the black box scenario, realistically treating the dynamic evolution of the time series as unknown.
We apply our ideas to datasets available from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) website. The best GCM models selected by our method under different assumptions on future climate change scenarios do not convincingly support the present global warming pattern when only the future predictions are considered known. Using our Gaussian process idea, we also forecast the future temperature time series given the current one. Interestingly, our results do not support drastic future global warming predicted by almost all the GCM models.


Hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleotide sequences isolated from mother/child pairs were analyzed in three cases of neonatal fulminant hepatitis B (FHB). Heterogeneous HBV sequences consistent with both adw2 and ayw subtype were found in all three mothers. In one case, in which the child survived, both subtypes were transmited. By contrast, only the ayw subtype was present in the two other children with a fatal course of FHB. In one fatal case, studied in greater detail, multiple HBV variants (viral quasi‐species) were identified in both mother and child. A direct sequence comparison showed that only a subfraction of the virus pool from the mother was transmitted and that multiple new mutations emerged in the child. These data suggest that a minor HBV subpopulation from the mother may prevail as the dominant species in the child and that neonatal FHB is associated with the selection of mutant strains. (Hepatology 1995;21:8–13).


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The appropriate duration of postoperative renal cell carcinoma (RCC) surveillance remains unknown. Guidelines often leave discontinuation to provider discretion. Herein, we investigate when surveillance may be discontinued by estimating when risk of non-RCC death exceeds the risk of RCC recurrence. METHODS: We identified 1672 patients who underwent surgery for M0 RCC between 1999-2018. Patients were stratified by pathologic stage (pT1aN0-x, pT1bN0-x, pT2N0-x, pT3aN0-x, pT3b/c/4N0-x), histology (clear cell, papillary and chromophobe), age, and ECOG status (0,1,2-4). Using a competing risks analysis, cumulative incidence functions were estimated for RCC recurrence and non-RCC death using the Fine and Gray proportional subhazards model. Surveillance duration was estimated as the time point in which the cumulative incidence of non-RCC death exceeded that of RCC recurrence for a given stage, histology, age and ECOG score. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 2.1 years (IQR 0.6-5.1 years), a total of 272 (16.3%) recurrences and 234 (14.0%) non-RCC deaths had occurred. The fitted model showed significant associations for stage with recurrence and for age and ECOG with non-RCC death, which resulted in different estimated durations. For example, for patients age 50 with pT1aN0-x clear cell and ECOG 0 the incidence of non-RCC death exceeded that of recurrence after 4.4 years (Fig). However, when ECOG status was 1 or 2-4 (Fig) or the patient age 70, regardless of ECOG status (data not shown), the incidence of non-RCC death exceeded that of recurrence at 30 days following surgery, suggesting that routine oncologic surveillance may not be necessary. Alternatively, for patients age 50 with >=pT3aN0-x clear cell, regardless of ECOG status, incidence of non-RCC death failed to exceed that of recurrence for >15 years (Fig), suggesting longer surveillance than currently recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Modeling competing risks of RCC recurrence and non-RCC death, we estimated time points when routine RCC surveillance may be reasonably discontinued. These estimates may allow providers and patients to make informed decisions regarding when the focus of care can transition to more significant health conditions. Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: None


African nightshades are in focus of an interdisciplinary and international research project. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) of the genus Meloidogyne spp. are polyphagous phytopathogens of global importance infecting the African nightshades. Diagnosis of RKN species is the first step for effective pest management. This study represents the first molecular characterisation of a RKN species from Kenya based on partially sequenced 18S of rDNA cistron. A total of 250 root samples were collected from five agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Uasin Gishu, Bungoma and Kakamega counties. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a specific 1.8 kb sequence of the ribosomal RNA of single females from 22 populations of RKN. Sequencing was performed using six primers and SSU rDNA was amplified as two partially overlapping fragments using three universal (988F, 1096F and 1813F) and one nematode specific primer (1912R). Primer 988F or 1096F was used in combination with primer 1912R. The second fragment was amplified with primers 1813F and 2646R. Preliminary results from 22 RKN isolates subjected to PCR reaction and sequencing revealed that isolates from the study areas were most closely related to M. javanica, M. incognita, M. ethiopica, M. cruciani, M. arenaria and M. hapla. Meloidogyne javanica was identified in Upper midlands (UM)1, UM2 and UM3 agro-ecological zones while M. arenaria was found in UM1 and Lower midlands area 1 (LM1). Meloidogyne incognita predominantly occurred in UM2, UM3 and UM4 zones while M. hapla was found in farms from UM4 and LM1. Both M. ethiopica and M. cruciani were identified in farms from UM4. The isolates identity to GenBank references ranged from 91% to 99 % with M. javanica and M. incognita predorminantly occuring in 80% of the AEZs, followed by M. arenaria and M. hapla with 40% and M. ethiopica and M. cruciani distributed in UM4. Mixed populations of RKN occurred in a single farm hence causing different unspecific symptoms on AFNS. All the isolates were distantly related to Coslenchus cancellatus. These results contribute to the understanding of the variability of RKN species and provide data on the identification of RKN on AFNS lines from Kenya.


The Oligocene (33.9–23.0 Ma) has historically proven to be a difficult interval to examine with respect to planktic foraminifera; the tendency for many of the taxa to be basically globigerine in shape, with 4 or 5 chambers in the final whorl means differences between species are limited. Recently, an international working group has attempted to clarify the Oligocene planktic foraminiferal taxonomy, with the goal of establishing phylogenetically-consistent generic and species concepts. A relatively expanded and continuous Oligocene section recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 803 in the western equatorial Pacific was previously studied by Leckie et al. (1993) using fairly conservative species concepts. Since 1993, foraminiferal biostratigraphic datum age calibrations have changed, and so revised sedimentation rates for the 220-m thick Oligocene sequence are actually more constant than previously thought. As a part of the recent taxonomic revision, this site was reevaluated and numerous additional taxa are recorded at this location. Macroevolutionary rates are calculated from the occurrences, and increased extinction is found within the late Oligocene, counter to the expectations laid out in broader-scale macroevolutionary studies. An effort is made here to describe the diagnostic features, which can be used to distinguish all taxa under a standard binocular microscope. Finally, several figures of scanning electron microscope photomicrographs (from Site 803 and tropical Atlantic Ocean ODP Site 628) depict features used to describe and differentiate important, but difficult or homeomorphic taxa, with the hope that these figures can be used by other workers at the microscope attempting to do Oligocene taxonomy-based studies.


This study was conducted to determine the improvement of fourth grade  science learning outcomes using the STAD type cooperative model. The subjects were all students in fourth grade 046573 Berastagi, Karo. The object of the research is the improvement of the fourth grade science learning outcomes using the STAD type cooperative model. The research instrument used was the observation sheet and multiple-choice tests. Data analysis used is individual learning outcomes, classical completeness, and average student learning outcomes. From the analysis of the data obtained from observations the implementation of learning activities of teachers increased 12.11% from a value of 59% to 71.1%, student activity increased from a score of 62 to 74, the completeness of individuals who expressed achieving KKM scores of 65, classical completeness increased from 66.67% to 87.50 %, and the average value increased from 64.58 to 76.25. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the implementation of learning in good category and student learning outcomes increase after using the STAD type cooperative learning model in science lessons. Keywords: Learning outcomes, student team achievement division learning


Threats to passwords are still very relevant due to attacks like phishing or credential stuffing. One way to solve this problem is to remove passwords completely. User studies on passwordless FIDO2 authentication using security tokens demonstrated the potential to replace passwords. However, widespread acceptance of FIDO2 depends, among other things, on how user accounts can be recovered when the security token becomes permanently unavailable. For this reason, we provide a heuristic evaluation of 12 account recovery mechanisms regarding their properties for FIDO2 passwordless authentication. Our results show that the currently used methods have many drawbacks. Some even rely on passwords, taking passwordless authentication ad absurdum. Still, our evaluation identifies promising account recovery solutions and provides recommendations for further studies.


Chiaro Hotel is a one-star hotel in Sidoarjo that is located at a strategic location. It is clean and comfortable family hotel. The problem of Chiaro Hotel is lack of promotion. Even though Chiaro Hotel has had some promotional tools, such as short promotional video, marketing booklet, and flyer, those promotional tools do not give good impact for the hotel because they do not show the uniqueness of Chiaro Hotel. Therefore, I make a website to solve Chiaro Hotel's problem. This website can reach people in many places. Also, this website can help Chiaro Hotel to show the uniqueness that the hotel has. For my project, the website is mostly in English. The features in this website are "Home", "About Us", "Room", "Facilities", "Latest News", "Contact Us", and "Booking Feature". The benefits that Chiaro Hotel can get from this website are to be well-known among its competitors and get more customers.


A cross-sectional type of observational study was conducted at 7 various stone crusher units on 120 male stone crushers and 120 healthy male controls. Values of FEF25-27% and PEFR were recorded on computerized spirometer and were compared between workers and age matched controls group. The value of FEF25-75% and PEFR was significantly reduced in stone crushers as compared to controls. Also as the duration of exposure increases the values of flow rates goes on decreasing among workers. Stone crushers of Marathwada region of Maharashtra exposed to silica dust were prone to develop lung disorders as indicated by reduced value of FEF25-75% and PEFR.


New Linear Accelerators based on SCRF cavities need compact and efficient superconducting magnet packages to focus and steer electron or proton beams. These magnets should be combined with SCRF cryomodules and installed inside or between them. A recent activity in this area was directed by FNAL-KEK collaboration to splittable conduction cooled magnets. Several magnet prototypes were built and successfully tested. These magnets were designed for high energy beams used in ILC, and Project-X. Nevertheless, there is an interest to explore splittable conduction cooled magnets for new accelerators: FNAL ASTA and PIP-II, KEK STF, SLAC LCLS II. The paper describes a conceptual design of splittable conduction cooled superconducting magnet which could be mounted inside SCRF cryomodule. The magnet package combines the quadrupole magnet and dipole correctors. The presented magnetic design confirms the specified magnet package parameters. 


AIMS
To determine the clinical significance of the sinoatrial block II° of the Wenckebach type (block W) identified during Holter monitoring.

METHODS AND RESULTS
The study included 300 patients (mean age 54 ± 17 years; 130 women) with symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia who underwent Holter monitoring. Block W was identified by a dedicated computer program and subsequently confirmed by a cardiologist. Block W was diagnosed in 88 patients (29%). It occurred only during sleep in 37 (12%) patients and during both daytime activity and sleep in 51 (17%) patients. Block W only during sleep happened predominately in young patients aged between 20 and 30 years, whereas episodes that occurred during both daytime and sleep were found mainly in patients between 60 and 70 years of age. Prospective observation time averaged 41 ± 11 months, and the time to the diagnosis of sinus node disease was 26 ± 10 months. Cox multivariate analyses showed that block W during both daytime and sleep is an independent predictor for the future diagnosis of sinus node disease [hazard ratio-13.6 (5.2-35.5); P < 0.0001]. Age-specific analyses confined this effect to the patients ≥50 years of age. The results also suggest that in patients ≥50 years of age block W during both daytime and sleep may be related to a significant improvement in survival [hazard ratio-0.03 (0.007-0.16); P < 0.0001].

CONCLUSION
Block W during daytime activity in patients with symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia indicates an increased likelihood of the future diagnosis of sinus node disease.


Runtime taint tracking is a technique for controlling data propagation in applications. It is typically used to prevent disclosure of confidential information or to avoid application vulnerabilities. Taint tracking systems intercept application operations at runtime, associate meta-data with the data being processed and inspect the meta-data to detect unauthorised data propagation. To keep metadata up-to-date, every attempt of the application to access and process data is intercepted. To ensure that all data propagation is monitored, different categories of data (e.g. confidential and public data) are kept isolated. In practice, the interception of application operations and the isolation of different categories of data are hard to achieve. Existing applications, language interpreters and operating systems need to be re-engineered while keeping metadata up-to-date incurs significant overhead at runtime. In this thesis we show that runtime taint tracking can be implemented with minimal changes to existing infrastructure and with reduced overhead compared to previous approaches. In other words, we suggest methods to achieve both practical and efficient runtime taint tracking. Our key observation is that applications in specific domains are typically implemented in high-level languages and use a subset of the available language features. This facilitates the implementation of a taint tracking system because it needs to support only parts of a programming language and it may leverage features of the execution platform. This thesis explores three different applications domains. We start with event processing applications in Java, for which we introduce a novel solution to achieve isolation and a practical method to declare restrictions about data propagation. We then focus on securing PHP web applications. We show that if taint tracking is restricted to a small part of an application, the runtime overhead is significantly reduced without sacrificing effectiveness. Finally, we target accidental data disclosure in Ruby web applications. Ruby emerges as an ideal choice for a practical taint tracking system because it supports meta-programming facilities that simplify interception and isolation.


The design technology to be developed in this study is technology related to the metal panel comer processing method of very high value-added, interior and exterior cladding material, in the architecture. This study is aimed at designing a Bending Die System that enables metal panel comer processing for the first time in Korea, by improving corrosion resistance (durability), weather resistance and elegances (design) for the connecting part of right angle cornering, where most serious problems occur in using metal steel plates of 2.5mm or thicker. This is used as a kind of metal ball and as architectural interior and exterior cladding material.


This essay argues that the American regionalist writer Willa Cather was deeply influenced by Dutch Golden Age painters in the compositional strategies of her short stories. Looking at Cather's 'Coming, Aphrodite!' (1920), the essay examines the geometric composition of the work, the orthogonal planes used throughout it, and the symbolism of the story to argue that it offers a self-conscious visual experience. The essay makes the case that Cather's transcultural and trans-generic experimentation lifts her literary reputation from the 'local colour' or regionalist demarcation and sets her firmly among her modernist peers.


We investigate whether accounting comparability is associated with the likelihood that CEO compensation is tied to relative accounting performance (e.g., return on assets). We predict that higher accounting comparability increases the risk-sharing benefit of accounting-based RPE because peer firm performance better controls for common risk in RPE firm performance. Thus, firms that have higher accounting comparability with potential performance peers will be more likely to include accounting-based RPE as a component of the total CEO compensation contract. We find support for this prediction using (1) an explicit test design that relies on the ex ante terms of CEO compensation contracts obtained from proxy disclosures, and (2) an implicit design that relies on the actual realizations of CEO compensation. To provide further evidence, we examine the association between accounting comparability and the selection of performance peers when the CEO compensation contract includes an accounting-based RPE component. We find that higher comparability between the RPE firm and a potential peer firm increases (decreases) the potential peer firm's likelihood of being selected into (dropped from) the peer group. Cross-sectional analyses show that this association is less pronounced, or not present, when the relative performance measure is price-based (as opposed to accounting-based), indicating that these results do not merely reflect a more general role of comparability in all RPE contracts.


This presentation provides a sharing of the thinking, practice and outcomes which has resulted from the creation of CINAGE – a Grundtvig multilateral project with interlinked activities resulting in the production of a learning package aimed at empowering older people towards achieving active ageing. The presentation will trace the development of the CINEAGE project through its various phases that addressed the six competencies identified by the European Commission as essential to active ageing. We will identify key examples of how piloting this course with a group of senior volunteers eventuated finally in practical filmmaking. We'll share the story of how screenwriting, directing and editing workshops, enabled the participants to write and produce their own scripts, which were based on autobiographical stories and strategies for coping with ageing. The project culminated in a Film Festival and symposium that invited short film entries that either featured older protagonists, or had older filmmakers as part of the creative team and/or crew. This Festival was largely co-ordinated and run by the CINAGE volunteers, with great continuing support from Leeds City Council, who indicated their interest in working with Leeds Beckett to further sustainability and development. Now we have begun the CINAGE 2016 Course – as part of the widening participation remit of the School and Faculty and are developing strategies to capitalise upon the creative talent and experience of the participants. The new course is a great opportunity to use what we learned from the pilot project and incorporate a whole new level of experience – whilst jettisoning some of the less successful elements of the pilot. The presentation will share with conference participants some of the performance strategies we've been employing with the new participants in order to create appropriate learning environments to enable collaboration, connectivity and creative engagement and share ways of moving forwards.


Abstract : The development of an in-line, full flow oil debris sensor for the F119-PW-100 Advanced Tactical Fighter Engine is described. The sensor continuously counts and sizes wear metal particles, both ferrous and non-ferrous, in the main oil supply line of the engine. The design requirements, principle of operation, mechanical design features and electronic design features of the sensor are discussed. The performance characteristics of the sensor as measured during development testing are also presented.


A simple microfluidic reactor system is described for the effective synthesis of enzyme functionalized nanoparticles which offers many advantages over batch reactions, including excellent enzyme efficiencies. Better control of the process parameters in the microfluidic reactor system over batch based methodology enables the production of silica nanoparticles with the optimum size for efficient enzyme immobilization with long-term stability. The synthetic approach is demonstrated with glucose oxidase (GOD) and two different nucleation catalysts of similar molecular mass: the natural R5 peptide, and polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer. Near-quantitative immobilization of GOD in the nanoparticles is obtained using PEI; the immobilization is attributed to electrostatic interaction between PEI and GOD. This interaction, however, limits the mobility of the immobilized enzyme, producing orientation hindrance of the enzyme's active sites as compared to free GOD in solution. In contrast, when the GOD is immobilized inside the silica nanoparticles using R5, lower enzyme immobilization efficiencies are obtained compared to using PEI polymers; however, similar Michaelis–Menten kinetic parameters (i.e. Michaelis constant and turnover number) to those of free GOD are observed. Reactions were monitored in situ using simple, rapid, separation-free amperometric detection.


OBJECTIVE
To establish a animal model of osteonecrosis of femoral head in canine like human.

METHODS
The thermal field of canine's femoral head was three-dimensionally analyzed with fluent 6.2 software so that the best cryosurgery patent could be designed to maximize the osteonecrosis and minimize extra surgery trauma with the cryosurgery system invented by Shanghai Jiaotong University. Liquid nitrogen was pressurized to 0.5 MPa, poured into femoral head for 6.5 minutes, rewarming to 2 degrees C for 5 minutes and then repoured into it again for another 6.5 minutes. Ten three-foot canines were conducted as the animal models of osteonecrosis of femoral head according to the method above. At the end of follow-up, the results were reviewed by radiologic and pathologic check. Two dogs were conducted as control group.

RESULTS
In the experimental group, one of the ten canines was testified to occur osteonecrosis of femoral head after one week pathologically, cell death and vessel breakage of cavitas medullaris in the femoral head was obvious under microscope; in other nine canines being still under follow-up, five with three-month follow-up at least progressed to the collapse of femoral head like human (Ficat III). In control group, no osteonecrosis was found.

CONCLUSION
Cryosurgery for osteonecrosis of the femoral head in three-foot canine model may become a method to establish the animal model of osteonecrosis of femoral head like human.


Two-phase flow through a fibrous porous medium is numerically simulated. The goal of the study is to investigate the effect of numerical slip length on variation of pressure drop and saturation.
 The simulation is based on the numerical solution of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase flow around a circular cylinder with radii in the ranges from 0.1 to 0.4. Variations of pressure drop and saturation in time are numerically calculated on simple and snap meshes for different values of surface tension (σ), viscosity ratio (M = μnw/μw), and mesh sizes. Also, numerical results using simple and snap meshes are compared. Numerical calculations are performed using the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM® finite volume library.
 The presented results show that solutions of saturation and pressure drop in time vary with mesh refinement, so the numerical slip length significantly affects the flow. For a coarser mesh the influence of numerical slip length is less than for a finer mesh, also as bigger the value of the viscosity ratio or surface tension as lower the influence of numerical slip length. The results show that the contact line motion significantly depends not only on the microstructure of the porous media, but also on the fluid properties (viscosity ratio, surface tension and etc.).


In this paper, we present five sets of studies of how lawyers can induce judges to make erroneous judgments and how judges seem to respond. In the first, we demonstrate that a simple contrast effect can influence judges by showing that adding a worthless expert witness who lacks credibility can boost one's case. In the second, we show that judges' assessments of the probative value of forensic evidence depends upon how the information is presented. But at the same time, we show that judges resist this misleading attempt at misdirection. Similarly, in the third set of studies, we show that judges are vulnerable to the misleading effects of the conjunctive logic, but that they seem also able to resist this effect in settings that are more relevant to the kinds of judgments they make. In the fourth set of studies, we identify how it is that judges avoid the influence of the hindsight bias on judgments of probable cause by altering the target of the judgment that they make. (In this study, the natural setting, rather than tricky lawyering, provides the potential source of misdirection, but judges seem to navigate it well.) In the final set of studies we show how judges attempt to ignore inadmissible evidence in ways that make them vulnerable to further undesirable extra-legal influences. Taken together, these studies show that misdirection is a two-way streets in the courtroom. Laywers can try to misdirected judges to induce erroneous judgments, but judges might well respond by changing their own focus to more stable targets that make them less vulnerable to untoward influences. These efforts, however, can also backfire, as judges can make themselves more vulnerable to error.


Fifty years ago on November 22, 1963, in Dallas' Dealey Plaza, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated while travelling in a motorcade with his wife, Jacqueline. LIFE magazine, the weekly pictorial chronicle of events in America and throughout the world, was quickly on the scene. The Kennedys had been our story: Jack and Jackie made the cover in his sailboat before they were married and he was a fresh-faced senator from Massachusetts, and the White House doors had remained open to LIFE throughout his presidency: Cecil Stoughton's photographs of Caroline and John - John in the Oval Office, Jackie's tour of the renovation, tense behind-the-scenes moments during 13 days of the Cuban Missile Crisis - all of this appeared in LIFE. We needed to be in Dallas. The famous Zapruder film first appeared in LIFE, after being acquired by LIFE's Richard B. Stolley. Stolley also interviewed at the time Dallas police, Kennedy administration officials, members of the Oswald family, workers at Jack Ruby's bar. Jackie's first conversation after the murder was with Theodore H. White for LIFE, and in it she told the American people, for the first time, about the Camelot her late husband had imagined. All of that is revisited in this commemorative book, including the publication of never-before-seen photography as well as a complete reprint of our 1963 special edition on the events in Dallas. But also: In an extended essay, Dick Stolley remembers the time, and goes back to sources that are still living. Images from the Zapruder film are reprinted and assessed 50 years later. Alexandra Zapruder writes exclusively for LIFE about her experiences and those of her family. J.I. Baker, author of The Empty Glass, about the death of Marilyn Monroe, analyzes a half century of conspiracy theories (80 percent of Americans believe JFK was the victim of a conspiracy) exclusively for this LIFE book. And LIFE talks with not only Kennedy associates but a host of other Americans, asking the question: Where were you when you heard?


Recently, as it is known, the evaluation of the performance (efficiency) of banks is increasingly performed on the basis of multi-criteria analysis. With this in mind, this paper analyzes the efficiency of banks in Serbia based on the EDAS method. In this context, adequate measures have been proposed to improve the efficiency of banks in Serbia in the future. The obtained results of empirical research using the given method show that the efficiency of banks in Serbia has recently significantly improved. It was the best in 2019. It was positively influenced by numerous macro and micro factors (economic climate, living standard, political stability, digitalization of business).


Biological EXAFS experiments are usually carried out on frozen samples in order to minimize radiation damage. This causes difficulties when studies at different pH are made, since the pH cannot be measured directly for the frozen sample. We have carried out EXAFS studies of Human Carbonic Anhydrase, a zinc metalloenzyme, at room temperature using a rastering technique to move the X-ray beam across the sample and so minimize radiation damage. The catalytic activity of this enzyme is strongly dependent on the pH and so samples in solutions with different pH values were investigated to determine any structural changes which may occur. The analysis used restrained refinement with full inclusion of multiple scattering. The structural changes observed with varying pH are very small.


Considering that the absence of measurement error in research is a rare phenomenon and its effects can be dramatic, we examine the impact of measurement error on propensity score (PS) analysis used to minimize selection bias in behavioral and social observational studies. A Monte Carlo study was conducted to explore the effects of measurement error on the treatment effect and balance estimates in PS analysis across seven different PS conditioning methods. In general, the results indicate that even low levels of measurement error in the covariates lead to substantial bias in estimates of treatment effects and concomitant reduction in confidence interval coverage across all methods of conditioning on the PS.


Fatigue is the subjective sensation of weariness, increased sense of effort, or exhaustion and is pervasive in neurologic illnesses. Despite its prevalence, we have a limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. The cerebellum, known for its role in motor control and learning, is also involved in perceptual processes. However, the role of the cerebellum in fatigue remains largely unexplored. We performed two experiments to examine whether cerebellar excitability is affected after a fatiguing task and its association with fatigue. Using a crossover design, we assessed cerebellar inhibition (CBI) and perception of fatigue in humans before and after "fatigue" and "control" tasks. Thirty-three participants (16 males, 17 females) performed five isometric pinch trials with their thumb and index finger at 80% maximum voluntary capacity (MVC) until failure (force <40% MVC; fatigue) or at 5% MVC for 30 s (control). We found that reduced CBI after the fatigue task correlated with a milder perception of fatigue. In a follow-up experiment, we investigated the behavioral consequences of reduced CBI after fatigue. We measured CBI, perception of fatigue, and performance during a ballistic goal-directed task before and after the same fatigue and control tasks. We replicated the observation that reduced CBI after the fatigue task correlated with a milder perception of fatigue and found that greater endpoint variability after the fatigue task correlated with reduced CBI. The proportional relation between cerebellar excitability and fatigue indicates a role of the cerebellum in the perception of fatigue, which might come at the expense of motor control. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Fatigue is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms in neurologic, neuropsychiatric, and chronic illnesses. Despite its epidemiological importance, there is a limited understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that decreased cerebellar excitability relates to lesser physical fatigue perception and worse motor control. These results showcase the role of the cerebellum in fatigue regulation and suggest that fatigue- and performance-related processes might compete for cerebellar resources.


Background: Donation of breast milk from one woman to an unrelated infant has a long history. Before this century, the infant would have been directly breastfed by the woman who was referred to as a "wet nurse". Objectives: 1) To assess the knowledge regarding human milk banking among postnatal mothers. 2) To assess the attitude regarding human milk banking among postnatal mothers. 3) To correlate between knowledge and attitude regarding human milk banking among postnatal mothers. 4) To associate the knowledge score with selected demographic variables. 5) To associate the attitude score with selected demographic variables. Material and Method: The study was conducted in postnatal wards of selected hospitals. Systematic rational approach and descriptive research design was used in this study. 100 postnatal mothers were selected for the study. The sampling technique used in this study was nonprobability convenience sampling. Result: Majority 55(55%) of postnatal mother had good level of knowledge score and 37(37%) of them had average level of knowledge score. In the levels of attitude score, majority 83(83%) of the postnatal mothers were "Agreed. The correlation coefficient 'r' 0.209 hence there is a poor positive correlation between knowledge and attitude of postnatal mothers regarding human milk banking. Conclusion: The study participants would welcome having access to a human milk bank for both donating and receiving milk.


We discuss two double-resonance scenarios within the context of laser-assisted electron-atom scattering in which double poles of the S-matrix occur. We demonstrate the effect of the double poles on the resonant contribution to the cross-section as well as on the time delay matrix and we point out that double poles could be observed experimentally at quite modest intensities and at frequencies corresponding to existing lasers.


The effect of risk factors on ovarian cancer differs by histotype, and the prevalence of such risk factors varies by race/ethnicity. It is not clear how ovarian cancer incidence has changed over time by histotype and race/ethnicity. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER-12) 1992–2019 data to examine the trend of ovarian cancer incidence for three histotypes (high-grade serous N = 19,691, endometrioid N = 3,212, and clear cell N = 3,275) and four racial/ethnic groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White). Joinpoint and age-period-cohort analyses were conducted to analyze ovarian cancer incidence trends. High-grade serous cancer was the most common histotype, but its incidence has significantly decreased over time for all racial/ethnic groups; the decrease was largest for non-Hispanic White women (average annual percent change AAPC during 2010–2019 = −6.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), −8.0 to −4.2). Conversely, clear cell cancer was most common in the Asian/Pacific Islanders, and its incidence has increased over time, particularly among Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander women (AAPC during 2010–2019 = 2.8; 95% CI, 0.8 to 4.7, and AAPC = 1.5; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.2, respectively). Endometrioid cancer incidence has decreased in non-Hispanic White but increased in Hispanic women (AAPC during 2010–2019 = −1.3; 95% CI, −1.9 to −0.8, and AAPC = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 6.3, respectively). The differential incidence trends by histotype and race/ethnicity underscore the need to monitor incidence and risk factor trends across different groups and develop targeted preventive interventions to reduce the burden of ovarian cancer and disparity by race/ethnicity. Significance: During 1992–2019, high-grade serous ovarian cancer incidence has decreased while clear cell cancer incidence has increased regardless of race/ethnicity. Endometrioid cancer incidence has decreased in non-Hispanic White but increased in Hispanic women. Differential ovarian cancer incidence trends highlight the need for targeted preventive interventions by histotype and race/ethnicity.