This paper presents two enhanced methods to balance LEDs energy usage in the AC LED Driver. While conventional AC LED driver has energy consumption imbalance, the proposed control methods provide equally distributed energy usage. First method is to apply the appropriate firing voltage that is the threshold voltage for equalizing energy consumption of LEDs. This method improves balancing energy consumption within a rectified line cycle. The other method is to change the order of LEDs turning on sequence by every two rectified line cycle. These two approaches are compared with mathematical analysis in terms of the energy consumption of each LED. A prototype driver with three 12 W-LED strings is built. The proposed method 1 and method 2 achieve 0.0030 J and 0.0033 J standard deviation of energy consumption, respectively, compared to the 0.0070 J deviation for the conventional approach.


A proof-of-concept design of a patient monitoring solution for intensive care unit environments has been presented. It is end-to-end standard-based, using ISO/IEEE 11073 (X73) in the bedside environment and EN13606 to communicate the information to an electronic healthcare record (EHR) server. At the bedside end, the system is a plug-and-play sensor network communicating with a gateway that collects medical information and sends the data to a monitoring server. The monitoring server transforms this information into an EN13606 extract to be stored on the EHR server. The system has been implemented to comply with the last X73 and EN13606 available versions and tested in a laboratory environment to demonstrate the feasibility of an end-to-end standard-based solution.


Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA

Deregulation of mRNA translation and protein synthesis is a hallmark of cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastatic progression. eIF5A1, and its highly related isoform eIF5A2, are critical translation initiation factors implicated in several human malignancies. Interestingly, eIF5A proteins are the only known proteins in nature that are regulated by a distinct posttranslational modification termed hypusination. This unique lysine modification ([N-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]) involves polyamine biosynthesis and is catalyzed by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). The highly selective nature of the hypusine modification and its amenability to pharmacological and genetic inhibition make the eIF5A-hypusine pathway an attractive therapeutic target to combat human cancers. Here, we investigated the role of eIF5A1/A2-hypusine pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) pathogenesis. Hypusinated eIF5A1/A2 are upregulated in human PDAC tissues and in early stage PanIN tissues isolated from genetically engineered Pdx-Cre:LSL-KRASG12D mice. RNAi-mediated knockdown of eIF5A1/A2 in human PDAC cell lines inhibited cancer cell growth in vitro and inhibited tumor growth orthotopically in mice. In contrast, amplification of eIF5A1/A2 in PDAC cells increased orthotopic growth and tumor formation in mice. The deoxyhypusine hydroxylase inhibitor, CPX, and the deoxyhypusine synthase inhibitor, GC7, inhibited eIF5A1/A2 hypusination, preventing PDAC cell growth. Interestingly, we find that eIF5A1/A2 regulates cancer cell expansion by modulating the expression level of PEAK1, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase essential for PDAC cell growth. Our findings suggest that eIF5A1/A2 utilizes PEAK1 tyrosine kinase as a downstream effector to drive PDAC pathogenesis, and that pharmacological inhibition of the eIF5A1/A2 hypusination-PEAK1 axis may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to combat this deadly disease.

Citation Format: Ken Fujimura, Tracy Wright, Jan Strnadel, Jonathan Kelber, Sharmeela Kaushal, Cristina Metildi, Andrew Lowy, Michael Bouvet, Richard Klemke. A hypusine-eIF5A-PEAK1 switch regulates the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-303. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-303


Coastal women play an important role in supporting the creation of value-added fishery products that become the main work of her husband (Istiqomah, 2015). The role of women in the coastal district of Sidoarjo as the wife of fishermen, the wife of the fish pond owner, and the wife of the fish processor; Proven to be able to move the economy on the coast by processing and adding value to the fishery resources.The purpose of this study is to find out how big the contribution of women to create economic empowerment in coastal district of Sidoarjo from catch fishery sector, aquaculture fishery and processed. The research was conducted in the village of Banjar Kemuning Sedati sub-district, which is the center of catch fishery, in Sawohan village, Buduran sub-district as a center of aquaculture, and Penatar Sewu village, Tanggulangin sub-district as a processed fishery center; During the year 2016 -2017.The research method is terrestris survey by using questionnaire tool. Data were obtained from closed interviews on selected respondents intentionally (purposive sampling) based on information from local fisheries figures. Survey results are analyzed by using shift share method compiled with Ishikawa Effect based on Balanced Score Cards.The results show that women are able to increase income and economic empowerment of their families. The contribution of women to the increase in family income is very fantastic ranging from 42% to 115% compared to if women in the family do not make productive business. The economic participation of women has proven to be able to improve the educational achievement of their children better and wider thinking. Husbands who work well together in terms of productive business with his wife can open jobs for others, and have a wide opportunity to develop other productive businesses for husbands during the season there is no fish.


Background Despite effective treatments, many patients are still not offered reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Methods We present a single-center observational study on acute ischemic stroke patients, who presented as candidates for reperfusion therapy but were deemed ineligible after work-up. Reasons for non-treatment were obtained by studying patient files and subsequently grouped into "too risky" (e.g., anticoagulant use, comorbidities), "too large" (large infarct), "too late" (late presentation of stroke and wake-up strokes), or "too mild" (clinically mild/remitting symptoms). Modified Rankin scale (mRS) score was prospectively collected in all patients by a structured telephone interview. All non-treated patients with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 0–5 were compared with a similar cohort that was treated. Results Of 529 patients with acute ischemic stroke arriving as reperfusion therapy candidates, 198 (37.4%) were not treated. The majority (42%) were not treated due to admission outside the treatment window (too late) and 24% had absolute contraindications (too risky). Only 8% was excluded because their infarct was too large [median Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score 3 (2–4)]. In the "too mild" group (14%) the percentage of patients not being independent at 90 days was 30%. The adjusted odds ratio for a better outcome (lower mRS) among treated patients with NIHSS 0–5 compared with non-treated was 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.15–3.23). Conclusion Presenting outside the treatment window is still the most common reason for not receiving therapy. Our study suggests a benefit of thrombolysis for patients with mild symptoms.


This article aims to evaluate the methodology of a psychosocial group intervention with low-income separated parents with small children in Brazil, which focused on the differentiation of marital and parental roles after the separation. This pilot study based on the research-action epistemology included mixed-methods of qualitative and quantitative instruments to collect data while providing the interventions to the participants.The intervention consisted in individual interviews followed by seven biweekly group sessions to address separation related issues. Besides these data, preand post-group questionnaires were also compared. Seven separated parents participated in the individual interviews, but only three participated on the group sessions. The data suggested four main thematic units: psychosocial group setting as a space to talk and listen, paradoxical feelings of fear and safeness in the group setting, changes through the group process, and suggestions of dissemination of the intervention. The psychosocial group intervention demonstrated to promote the differentiation of marital and parental roles by sharing experiences and feelings from the separation. However, parenting conflicts were still present by the end of the intervention. Further intervention and studies with this underserved and understudied population is recommended.


used this approach to compare the binding of Kinesin-3 family members with different endosomal populations. We found that KIF13A and KIF13B bind preferentially to early endosomes and that KIF1A and KIF1B  bind preferentially to late endosomes and lysosomes. This assay may have broad utility for identifying the trafficking proteins that bind to different vesicle


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) is the standard method of treatment for choledocholithiasis. We evaluated the diagnostic success rate and the outcomes of therapeutic ERCP for bile duct stones, in relation to the anatomical variants.

METHOD
A total of 3,097 consecutive ERCPs were performed in 2,986 patients during a 10-year period (2002-2011) in our endoscopy department. The analysis of the results of therapy was performed in relation to the anatomical variants, patients' age, opacification of the Wirsung duct and recurrent lithiasis.

RESULTS
The rate of successful cannulation was 98%. The patient's age and the diameter of the common bile duct were the factors influencing the probability of finding a gallstone: age over 74 years, AUC=0.547 (p<0.001) and a CBD diameter larger than 12 mm (AUC=0.735, p<0.001). The number of cases with opacification of the Wirsung duct, the use of precut papillotomy and the inability of finding a stone significantly decreased with the increasing experience of the operator (p<0.001). The stone removal was unsuccessful in 2.3%. Factors associated independently with unsuccessful extraction were previous surgical sphincteroplasty, stone size and Billroth I anastomosis. Ninety two patients (4.3%) were diagnosed with recurrent lithiasis. Factors associated independently with recurrence were stone size (p=0.002, OR=0.35), dilation of infundibulum (p=0.04, OR=0.13) and the presence of periampullary diverticula (p=0.004, OR=0.28).

CONCLUSIONS
The endoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis is highly effective. It is influenced partly by the experience of the operator. In experienced hands, the success rate is high even in cases of anatomical variants and difficult calculi.


This article presents the main stages of Spanish health cooperation in Equatorial Guinea, focusing on the factors that have established the Spanish congregations' health centers as the market's most competitive therapeutic alternatives. Congregations, a key element in the colonization process, have been mobilized again in order to match the neocolonial whims of the Spanish State. Combining a socio-historical and an ethnographic perspective, this article questions the quality of the activity of confessional health centers, not so much from the technical point of view as from the perspective of the implications that the construction of health archipelagos may have in the consolidation of the incipient health care system. The tensions between missionary goals, markedly assistanceoriented, and the current approaches to development, show the ambiguities of Spanish cooperation in Equatorial Guinea. Aid, presented as a moral imperative, has mobilized flexible and sometimes contradictory meanings which must be unraveled. A reflection on revealed goals and unformulated aims governing neo-colonial relations will enable us to understand the distance between the aims and the achievement of results.


In recent years, occupational therapists have become increasingly involved in the design and implementation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) prevention programs. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of an occupational therapists' designed and implemented CTS educational program targeted to address risk behaviors in the dental hygiene profession. A total of 79 practicing dental hygienists completed a pre, post, and 2-week follow-up questionnaire to measure the extent of change in knowledge of CTS symptoms, "at risk behaviors", and prevention strategies before and after CTS education. The findings of this study suggest that the CTS educational program, presented by an occupational therapist and a registered dental hygienist, significantly impacted dental hygienist's CTS knowledge and lead to positive changes in their "at risk behaviors" and use of prevention strategies.


The purpose of this study is to find the optimal conditions of PCM slurry manufacturing equipment for saving the marketing cost and keeping the original quality of products. In addition, the characteristics of the movable container for shipping or distributing products is analysed. The major results are as follows. 1. PCM thermal storage system is designed with the conditions of temperature(), cold chain time(30 minutes), and one time usage(50 liter). This system includes tank, freezer, circulating pump, cycle type heat exchanger, swelling tank, equipment of supplying PCM supplying unit includes cold tank, cycle type heat exchanger, suction unit and control equipments, etc. 2. After ability test of PCM thermal storage system, it shows that the required freezing time of PCM thermal storage system is less than one of the previous system. The reason is that churn (top and bottom) and compulsion circulation are occurred simultaneously and unit cooler type method is better than chiller type method. 3. By the experiment of transportation latent heat container, it is decided that the best container is with latent heat temperature() and density(0.15%). However, for , it is necessary more studies on latent heat thermal conditions and conditions of making method.


The present article puts to the test an hypothesis which has never been considered before in biblical and ANE scholarly literature: did the ancient cultures of the ANE (Ancient Near East), especially the one reflected in the Hebrew Bible, resort, probably on a popular level, to the custom of using small children as mediums for receiving messages from the deities? This custom is well attested in later periods, especially in Greek magical papyri from Egypt of Late Antiquity, and is also reflected in various rabbinical sources, especially in the famous adage of R. Yohanan: ''Ever since the day the Temple had been destroyed, prophecy had been taken from prophets and given to fools and infants'' (b. Baba Batra 12:2). Other folk literatures from all over the world also reflect the magic power accorded at times to small children. Yet the ANE sources, particularly the Hebrew Bible, seem almost altogether silent with regard to such a widely attested custom in Late Antiquity. The following discussion analyses a few passages and episodes, both from the general ANE milieu and especially from the Hebrew Bible, in the light of this hypothesis and suggests that this custom is indeed reflected there, albeit quite obliquely. These include the story of Samuel in 1 Sam 3; the custom of ''passing'' children through the fire to the Molech, frequently mentioned in close juxtaposition with forms of divination; the enigmatic verse in Isa 2:6; the Immanuel prophecy in Isa 7:14-17; the case of belomancy reported in 1 Sam 20:18-23, 35-42; the intriguing verse serving as part of the title of this article Ps 8:3; the story of young Joseph as a dream interpreter in Gen 37:5-10; and others. Since the use of children as mediums in Late Antiquity seems to have been an extra-mainstream practice, and perhaps was not condoned by the carriers of the official religion, it may have been silenced, or at least ignored by the writers of this official biblical tradition.


Based on an elaborate ontological taxonomy, the Features-and-Fluents framework provides an independent action semantics for assessing the range of applicability of action calculi. In this paper, we show how the fluent calculus can be used to capture the full range of phenomena in K-IA, the broadest ontological class that has been fully formalized in (Sandewall 1994). To this end, we develop a significant extension of the fluent calculus for modeling actions with durations and with specific trajectories of changes. We present a provably correct translation of scenario descriptions from the Features-and-Fluents semantics into fluent calculus axiomatizations.


The Republic of Singapore is an island city-state in Southeast Asia. Its population enjoys good health and the Singapore Ministry of Health's mission is to promote good health and reduce illness, ensure access to good and affordable health care, and pursue medical excellence. This is achieved through a healthcare system that includes both private and public sector elements. The financing philosophy of Singapore's healthcare delivery system is based on individual responsibility and community support. Health care in Singapore is financed by a combination of taxes, employee medical benefits, compulsory health savings, insurance, and out-of-pocket payment. The capability for health technology assessment in Singapore was developed concurrently with its medical device regulation system in the 1990s. The first formal unit with health technology assessment (HTA) functions was established in September 1995. Today, HTA features in decision making for the Standard Drug List, licensing of medical clinics, the Health Service Development Programme, healthcare subsidies, and policy development. The public sector healthcare delivery clusters have also recently started health services research units with HTA functions. Singapore is organizing the 6th Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Annual Meeting in June 2009. Bringing this prestigious international conference to Asia for the first time will help raise awareness of HTA in the region.


Purpose: The purposes of this study was to identify the effects of nursing practice environment, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction on burnout in clinical nurses. Methods: Participants selected for the final analysis were 208 nurses working in 2 general hospitals in Busan and Masan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Hierarchial Multiple Regression with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Compassion fatigue had a significant positive effect on burnout, while Compassion satisfaction had a negative effect on burnout, but Nursing practice environment had no effect on burnout. The explained variance for burnout was 61% and compassion satisfaction was the most significant factor in burnout of nurses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that to reduce burnout in clinical nurses it is necessary to develop programs to increase nurses' compassion satisfaction and decrease compassion fatigue.


Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of proteins that induce the formation of bone and the development of the nervous system. BMP-3b, also known as growth and differentiation factor 10, is a member of the BMPs that is highly expressed in the developing and adult brain. BMP-3b is therefore thought to play an important role in the brain even after physiological neurogenesis has completed. BMP-3b is induced in peri-infarct neurons in aged brains and is one of the most highly upregulated genes during the initiation of axonal sprouting. However, little is known about the role of BMP-3b in neonatal brain injury. In the present study, we aimed to describe the effects of BMP-3b gene depletion on neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, which frequently results in death or lifelong neurological disabilities, such as cerebral palsy and mental retardation. BMP-3b knockout and wild type mice were prepared at postnatal day 12. Mice of each genotype were divided into sham-surgery, mild hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and severe HI groups (n = 12–45). Mice in the HI groups were subjected to left common carotid artery ligation followed by 30 min (mild HI) or 50 min (severe HI) of systemic hypoxic insult. A battery of tests, including behavioral tests, was performed, and the brain was then removed and evaluated at 14 days after insult. Compared with wild type pups, BMP-3b knockout pups demonstrated the following characteristics. (1) The males exposed to severe HI had a strikingly higher mortality rate, and as many as 70% of the knockout pups but none of the wild type pups died; (2) significantly more hyperactive locomotion was observed in males exposed to severe HI; and (3) significantly more hyperactive rearing was observed in both males and females exposed to mild HI. However, BMP-3b gene depletion did not affect other parameters, such as cerebral blood flow, cylinder test and rotarod test performance, body weight gain, brain weight, spleen weight, and neuroanatomical injury. The results of this study suggest that BMP-3b may play a crucial role to survive in severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic insult.


With increasing human population, proportional knowledge in the usefulness of underutilized plant seeds as potential sources of human foods became inevitable. Studies were carried out to determine the proximate analysis, phytochemicals, and anti-nutrients composition of African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) kernel seed using standard methods of analysis. Two samples of the fruit kernel seeds were produced. Unfermented African Star Apple Seed (ASAU) was the negative standard; it was dried and grounded into flour. Fermented African Star Apple Seed (ASAF), prepared in ungrounded form, was boiled for 12 hours and allowed to stand for 5 days to ferment. Freshly prepared fermented castor oil seed (OGR - Ogiri) was the positive standard. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, phenolic, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes, while tannin was only present in ASAU. The proximate analysis revealed a decrease in carbohydrate content of ASAF (26.0 %) and OGR (23.44 %) when compared to ASAU (55.12 %). Also the protein content of ASAF (18.22 %) and Ogiri (22.50 %) increased significantly (P


The electronic nematic phase occurs when the point-group symmetry of the lattice structure is broken, due to electron-electron interactions. We study a model for the nematic phase on a square lattice with emphasis on the phase transition between isotropic and nematic phases within mean-field theory. We find the transition to be first order, with dramatic changes in the Fermi-surface topology accompanying the transition. Furthermore, we study the conductivity tensor and Hall constant as probes of the nematic phase and its transition. The relevance of our findings to Hall resistivity experiments in the high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates is discussed.


Abstract Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been historically associated with underweight and malnutrition. The impact of both underweight and obesity on the clinical course of IBD in adults is controversial. This study described the association between body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis to disease course in children with IBD. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of children with IBD from the database of the 'Dana-Dwek' Children's Hospital between 2010 and 2016. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected as were disease characteristics, course and therapy. Patients were categorized in quartiles according to BMI percentiles at diagnosis (Q1–Q4). Results: Of 100 children who were identified, 62 had Crohn's disease (CD) and 38 had ulcerative colitis (UC). The median age (interquartile range, IQR) at diagnosis was 13.7 (range 11.9–15.2) years. The median (IQR) follow-up was 2.1 (1.2–3.8) years. At diagnosis, 46 children (46%) were in Q1, 20 (20%) in Q2, 19 (19%) in Q3 and 15 (15%) in Q4. Prolonged time to diagnosis was associated with BMI in Q1 and Q4, as well as high disease activity at diagnosis (p < .001). In a multivariate analysis, BMI in the lower and upper quartiles was associated with disease exacerbation (HR 3.212 and 4.651, respectively, p = .016) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy (HR 4.489 and 3.972, respectively, p = .021). Conclusions: BMI in the lower and upper quartiles was associated with more severe disease course in children with IBD. BMI may serve as a simple and highly accessible predictor of pediatric IBD course and prognosis.


The main purpose of this research is to explain why and how the stock liquidity affects the default risk of petrochemical and petroleum products companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The study used experimental data and parametric tests in order to estimate the relationship between stock liquidity and default risk through information efficiency and corporate governance roles of stock liquidity. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-correlative study. All data required regarding the stock liquidity, price, trading volume and days, stockholder ownerships, etc., were extracted from Rahavard Novin database software. To investigate the relationship between variables, the multivariate regression analysis model using OLS method was applied in Eviews platform. The empirical findings showed that there is a significantly negative relationship between stock liquidity and default risk of petrochemical and petroleum product companies listed in TSE and also stock liquidity can affect the default risk through reducing the information asymmetry in the stock pricing process and strengthen the corporate governance. These results could provide visible signals based on the realities of the market in order to improve models to assess and predict the risk of default and lead managers and decision makers of suppliers, customers, partners and stakeholders, to conclude more flexible contracts with petrochemical and petroleum products companies and ultimately better mitigate business risks.


In a family of 9 persons over 3 generations, 6 had incessant polymorphic ventricular extrasystoles, often in salves, resembling unsustained bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. Ventricular repolarisation was abnormal with giant U waves. Five persons had suffered syncopes. All had a facial abnormality: one woman had a complete Pierre Robin syndrome with mandibular hypoplasia, glossoptos and cleft palate; in the other cases, minor forms were observed, with micrognathia and ogival palate. Two patients had bone abnormalities of the feet with total agenesis of the last 2 phalanges of several toes. This familial polymorphic ventricular extrasystole with repolarisation abnormalities has many features in common with the congenital long QT syndrome; associated with the Pierre Robin syndrome and bone abnormalities of the extremities it would seem to be a new multiple congenital abnormalities syndrome.


A germanate zeolite, PKU-14, with a three- dimensional large-pore channel system was structurally characterized by a combination of high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction, rotation electron diffraction, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Ordered Ge4 O4 vacancies inside the [4(6) .6(12) ] cages has been found in PKU-14, in which a unique (H2 O)2 dimer was located at the vacancies and played a structure-directing role. It is the first time that water clusters are found to be templates for ordered framework vacancies.


DREAM challenges are community competitions designed to advance computational methods and address fundamental questions in system biology and translational medicine. Each challenge asks participants to develop and apply computational methods to either predict unobserved outcomes or to identify unknown model parameters given a set of training data. Computational methods are evaluated using an automated scoring metric, scores are posted to a public leaderboard, and methods are published to facilitate community discussions on how to build improved methods. By engaging participants from a wide range of science and engineering backgrounds, DREAM challenges can comparatively evaluate a wide range of statistical, machine learning, and biophysical methods. Here, we describe DREAMTools, a Python package for


Pilot interference cancellation (IC) has recently received consideration for use in third generation (3G) CDMA cellular receivers. In this paper, we derive an expression for evaluating the bit error rate (BER) performance of both the RAKE and pilot IC receivers, under conventional random spreading code assumptions. The approach can provide results for a wide variety of transmitter, channel, and receiver assumptions, and can easily take into account the effects of channel estimation, as used for determining the RAKE combining coefficients and for reconstructing pilot interference. The analytical results are compared to detailed link-level simulations of the 3G commercial wideband CDMA system developed by 3GPP, with excellent agreement found.


Pergamon Press, which has in recent years taken interest in matters neurophysiological, has collected the writings of 56 authors, from many countries, dealing with biochemical, physiological, pharmacological and behavioral aspects of nervous function. Most of the material is a succinct compilation of previously published observations; but some of it, such as the study by Smith, Stacey and Young on brain serotonin concentrations and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity in the developing nervous system of rodents, is new. Several articles are of particular interest. McLennan deals briefly but concisely with such "Inhibitory Factors in the Brain" as Factor I, gamma-aminobutyric acid, gamma-aminobutyrylcholine, dopamine and norepinephrine. Costa, Gessa, Kuntzman and Brodie discuss the storage and release of serotonin and catecholamines in brain, and argue convincingly that reserpine acts not by affecting brain norepinephrine economy, but by preventing serotonin storage. Everett and Wiegand make a plea for more detailed and accurate descriptions of psychopharmacologically-induced behavioral states and for more accurate quantitation of the concomitant biochemical changes. Eccles treats the complex problem of chemical transmitters in the spinal cord with clarity and brilliance. It is indeed unfortunate that the excellent contributions of these scientists should be put together in a book as poorly edited as this is. The number of misprints is astonishing. The method of listing references varies with the nationality of the author. Syntax in several articles, particularly those by Hayashi and Nagai, is so poor as to becloud content on occasion. These deficiencies, plus the fact that the binding of the reviewer's copy split without provocation, makes one wish that the Pergamon Press had contributed as much care to publishing this book as the authors did to their research. PETER V. TISHLER


Lymphomas are highly sensitive to chemotherapy. Approximately half of the patients with aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma will survive for five years. Patients with diffuse large B-cell type NHL have an expected five years survival( OS) rate of fourty five percent (45%). Approximately more than twenty five percent (25%) of NHL and ten percent 10% of Hodgkin's Lymphoma HD are refractory to conventional front line therapy. Fifteen to twenty five percent of hodgkin's lymphoma will relapse after therapy or will not achieve complete response CR. Salvage chemotherapy, radiation and high dose chemotherapy with stem cells collection can cure and achieve durable response in some refractory or relapsed patients. High dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cells transplant is not a feasible options for many of our patients due to lack of medical coverage and co-morbide status. Gemcitabine has been used either as a single agent or in combination at our institute in the treatment of variety of hematological malignancies that failed many lines of therapy. Forty patients were treated; twenty two (55%)NHL, nine patients(19%) with HD, three patients with visceral mycosis fungoides, three patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia in richter transformation and three with peripheral T cell NHL. Mean age of 45 years. Thirty two males and eight females. Eighty percent were african american. All patients had advanced stage III-IV disease. Complete respose CR and near complete response nCR was seen in eleven patients. Partial response PR seen in nineteen patients, stable disease in six. Total response rate of eighty percent. Five patients relapsed after a year (two 25 years old females with HD, three males with high grade NHL age 52, 60 and 70 respectively). Two patients recieved four cycles and three recieved six cycles. Each cycle constitute of 1 gram per meter square given IV weekly for three weeks and one week rest. All five patients had response, three CR and two PR. In conclusion retreatment with gemcitabine is a valid and safe option. None of the patients had grade 3 or 4 toxicity.


The current tendencies in promoting health, safety and hygiene in the work place include not only physical, chemical and biological risks, but also psychosocial risks which influence the physical and mental well-being of a worker. Professional healthcare workers, including radiology technicians, are highly exposed to this risk. Our purpose is to evaluate the psychosocial risk factors among radiology technicians work and to inspect the relationship between socio-demographic, socio-professionals and physiologic risks using the COPSOQ to collect the data and also a checklist for self-evaluation of the hygiene and safety conditions in the work place. Group dimension in the COPSOQ reveal a statistic difference between the dimensions of 'social relationship and leadership' and the variable gender. Since multiple transformations occur in the labouring world and with different constraints still taking place, psychosocial risks in the work place is still a subject of concern for professional risks.
Keywords: Psychosocial, risk, radiology, hygiene, safety.


Background and aims We compared the clinical outcome of diabetic versus nondiabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the GReek AntiPlatElet (GRAPE) registry. Patients and methods GRAPE is a prospective observational study, focusing on contemporary antiplatelet use in moderate-risk to high-risk ACS patients receiving PCI. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), (composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, and stroke) and bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium definition) at 1 year of follow-up were analyzed using propensity score adjustment. A subanalysis according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status was performed. Results Out of 2047 registered patients, 469 (22.9%) were diabetic. Complete 1-year follow-up was available in 95.1% of patients. MACE occurred in 12.2 and 7.2% of those patients with and without DM, respectively [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.27 (0.89–1.79), P=0.2]. Observed BARC type ≥3 bleeding risk was not higher in diabetic patients: adjusted HR (95% CI)=1.20 (0.79–1.84). In the subgroup of clopidogrel-treated patients (N=238), MACE rate was significantly higher in diabetic compared with nondiabetic cohort [13.4 vs. 9%, adjusted HR (95% CI)=1.68 (1.07–2.64), P=0.03]. In the subgroup of ticagrelor-treated or prasugrel-treated patients (N=228), MACE rate did not differ significantly between diabetic and nondiabetic patients: 9.6 versus 5%, adjusted HR (95% CI)=1.35 (0.77–2.37), P=0.38. Conclusion In 'real-life' ACS undergoing PCI, diabetic patients have higher – although not significantly – MACE rate and no difference in bleeding events. This difference in MACE was significant among clopidogrel-treated patients, whereas when newer antiplatelet agents were used the negative impact of DM on ischemic events was eliminated.


Distributed mobility-adaptive clustering algorithms are used in multihop ad hoc networks to separate the nodes into logical groups and build up a hierarchical network architecture. This paper studies the convergence time and message complexity of Basagni's generalized DMAC clustering algorithm. Our results show how many time steps and signaling messages are typically needed after a single topology change to re-achieve a stable and valid cluster structure. Furthermore, we discuss chain reactions that can occur along a path if certain conditions are fulfilled. Finally, we regard a mobile scenario in order to analyze (a) the number of signaling messages per node and time step and (b) the percentage of time steps in which the cluster structure is invalid. Our results give a qualitative insight on the behavior of clustering in ad hoc networks. In particular, they show that tuning the density of clusterheads and employing a hysteresis parameter for cluster changes can significantly improve the performance.


ABSTRACT This article analyses the 2017 general election in New Zealand and draws out some of its implications. The final outcome was a surprise, and its implications momentous. Events strengthened Labour under a new leader and weakened the Green and New Zealand First parties, making it possible for Labour to become a viable coalition formateur. Comparing campaign public polling results, at least some of the polls were 'wrong', but all added to the excitement and uncertainty. Coupled with a new Labour Party leader, that uncertainty and excitement had mobilising effects that affected the young, but not the old. Finally, this article analyses the changes to the party system, nation-wide, and in the Māori electorates, assessing the degree of two-party dominance, and draws out implications for debates about the threshold for representation.


Abstract Phytochelatin (PC) synthesis has been well demonstrated as a major metal tolerance mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas its contribution to long-distance element transport especially in monocots remains elusive. Using rice as a cereal model, we examined physiological roles of Oryza sativa phytochelatin synthase 1 (OsPCS1) in the distribution and detoxification of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), two toxic elements associated with major food safety concerns. First, we isolated four different transcript variants of OsPCS1 as well as one from OsPCS2. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) of each OsPCS transcript in rice seedlings suggested that expression of OsPCS1full, the longest OsPCS1 variant, was most abundant, followed by OsPCS2. Heterologous expression of OsPCS variants in PCS-deficient mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and A. thaliana suggested that OsPCS1full possessed PCS activity in response to As(III) and Cd while the activity of other PCS variants was very low. To address physiological functions in toxic element tolerance and accumulation, two independent OsPCS1 mutant rice lines (a T-DNA and a Tos17 insertion line) were identified. The OsPCS1 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to As(III) and Cd in hydroponic experiments, showing the importance of OsPCS1-dependent PC synthesis for rice As(III) and Cd tolerance. Elemental analyses of rice plants grown in soil with environmentally relevant As and Cd concentrations showed increased As accumulation and decreased Cd accumulation in grains of the T-DNA line. The Tos17 mutant also exhibited the reduced Cd accumulation phenotype. These contrasting effects on As and Cd distribution to grains suggest the existence of at least partially distinct PC-dependent pathways for As and Cd.


Present study reports the Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation of bentazon resistant gene ( Cyp81A6 ) in cotton genotypes (Coker 312 and Coker 201). Main aims were to genetically transform Cyp81A6 in cotton genome and to perform non-PCR and PCR-based confirmation studies regarding its stable transformation. The embryogeniccalli (EC) were first inoculated with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying foreign gene ( Cyp81A6 ) and were transferred to the selection medium having kanamycin (100 mg/L) for 4 weeks. Embryogeniccalli were stunted in growth in both cultivars when transferred to selective MS medium. The kanamycin resistant (Knr) calli grew well after few sub-culturings. Knr and benr assays showed greater percentage of Knrembryogeniccalli. Also EC of Coker 312 showed greater resistance than Coker 201. Both genotypes profusely produced tulip shaped somatic embryos; however, their number was more in Coker 312 as compared with Coker 201. Molecular analysis of putative transgenic calli confirmed the presence of Cyp81A6 in the genomes of Coker 312 and Coker 201. Present study reveals that both cotton genotypes were efficient in integration of the gene and grew well on normal and selective MS media.


High speed X-ray tomography is a promising tool to visualize the time-resolved gas distribution for fluidized beds. The tomography unit at Delft University of Technology is composed of three X-ray tubes and three double-layer detector arrays. The X-ray tubes are places at 120? around the fluidized bed. The detector arrays are placed opposite to the X-ray tubes. The full angle scanning can be done simultaneously, without mechanically rotating the X-ray tube as in traditional medical CT. The temporal resolution can be up to 2500 fps. By using this high speed X-ray tomographic system in my dissertation, we study tomographic reconstruction algorithms and measure different gas jets in the fluidized beds. To evaluate the performance of the novel reconstruction algorithms for high speed X-ray tomography, Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART) and Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) are compared in Chapter 3. The reconstruction quality of AGA is better than SART at low resolutions, but SART performs better at high resolution in finding the right shape. The system noise influences AGA less than SART. SART is much faster and does not have reproducibility problems; poor reproducibility influences the reliability of AGA. The features of the reconstruction quality for SART and AGA are further discussed in Chapter 4. AGA is better than SART in distinguishing small phantoms and small distance between phantoms. SART, on the other hand, is better at reconstructing the shapes than AGA. We developed a hybrid approach to combine the advantages of AGA and SART. The result of AGA is used as initial guess for SART in this hybrid algorithm, by which the reconstruction accuracy is indeed improved. A flat-base spouted bed is studied with the high speed X-ray tomography system in Chapter 5. We focus on the spout diameter and position. The hybrid algorithm is used to visualize the spout in the cross sectional area of the spouted bed. For a more accurate quantitative study, we developed a method to process the raw data directly. The time-averaged results of the spout diameters are validated with the literature. A simple model for the particle circulation is developed based on the time-averaged spout diameter. The model is also validated by measurement of the fountain height. The time-resolved results of the spout diameter are analyzed by the Power Spectral Density (PSD). The stability of the spout diameter is discussed for different measurement heights and gas flowrates by comparing the average PSD. We find that the most stable spout diameter happens at U/Ums ? 1.3 in the middle part of the spout. The time-resolved spout position is plotted by polar coordinates. We found that the spout position is more stable when the diameter is less stable, and vice versa. Another gas jet, i.e. the gas distribution below a downward facing micro-nozzle in a fluidized bed, is also measured using the high speed X-ray tomography in Chapter 6. The improved SART method is used for the reconstruction because we need to consider the transition area between the gas voids and bulk phase. Time-averaged 3-D images of the gas distribution below the nozzle are obtained. The results are compared with direct analysis of the raw data. A bubbling area, a diluted area, and a compacted area are found. We analyzed the dynamics of the gas voids by employing a cross-correlation technique and inspecting the reconstructed pseudo 3-D image. The cross-correlation estimates the direction of bubble motion, and also helps to calculate the bubble velocity and bubble size. The pseudo 3-D image shows the pattern of the gas voids. We found that single bubbles are regularly formed by the nozzle, and move upwards. The expansion, splitting and coalescence of the bubbles were also observed. The gas injected from the nozzle mainly ends up in bubbles. We compared the fluidized bed results with those obtained for a similar nozzle in a gas-water system, and found a similar flow pattern and penetration depth. In summary, we improved the accuracy of high speed X-ray tomography by developing novel data processing approaches, such as the hybrid algorithm and raw data processing. We evaluated the dynamics of the spout in a flat-base spouted bed from the tomographic measurements, and developed a model for particle circulation based on these measurements. We also measured the time-resolved gas distribution below the downward facing micro-nozzle using the high speed X-ray tomography. The obtained results illustrate that X-ray tomography is a valuable tool to study gas-solids distribution – both time-averaged and time-resolved in fluidized beds.


Abstract No Abstract Available. *Presented before the Chicago Association of Orthodontists, November 28, 1938 a part of a Symposium on Class II, Division I, Malocclusion.


The main question in this paper, is what kind of imagination of Tehran is created through Iranian films. Is the image of Tehran has been changed over time? This research has been conducted based on the analysis of some impressive films in last two decades. The central argument is although the city has been represented through its acute problems and difficulties and pivotal issues like consequences of immigration to the city, shortage of occupation and dwelling over time, the new generation of Iranian filmmakers react different from the past generation. Content analysis of these movies show that new generation of filmmakers prefer to stay in Tehran and fight with problems rather than emigrating from the city.


ABSTRACT Objectives Burnout contributes to high turnover rates, medical errors, and poor patient satisfaction in geriatric nursing staff. Nurses' cognitive emotion regulation (ER) strategies are emerging as an important personal resource related to burnout that are modifiable with intervention. This study examined the association between cognitive ER strategies and burnout among geriatric nursing staff. Methods Participants were 54 nurses (RNs, LPNs, CNA/UWs) with a mean age of 43.1 years (SD = 12.2), majority female (96.3%), and racially diverse: Black (20.4%), White (63.0%), and Other (13.0%). Results After controlling for CVs, cognitive ER strategies accounted for unique variance in depersonalization, but did not account for unique variance in emotional exhaustion or personal accomplishment. Rumination was associated with greater depersonalization, and greater refocus on planning was associated with lower depersonalization. Conclusions Findings suggest that depersonalization may be most impacted by ER; however, other ER strategies may be important that were not included in the current study (e.g., experiential avoidance, mindfulness). Future research is needed with additional ER strategies and larger samples. Clinical Implications Findings support the use of person-centered interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based techniques, to improve stress management and decrease depersonalization.


Unlike native gay and bisexual male (GBM), immigrant/refugee GBM in Lebanon have an added vulnerability to poor sexual health. The objective was to compare sexual health variables between these two communities. GBM who are immigrants/refugees were more likely to report non-university level of education, heterosexual marriage, engagement in sex work, past diagnosis of syphilis, healthcare and employment stigma, lower STI knowledge, and a higher number of male sex partners. Being foreign and feeling sufficiently informed about STIs were indicators of STI knowledge. This study highlights the roles of education and immigrant/refugee status in STI knowledge in migrant GBM in Lebanon.


We are talking about the reception of D. Chizhevsky specifics of the development of realism in Ukrainian literature. The work of the scientist "Realism in Ukrainian Literature" (1956) is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the development of the Ukrainian language, the development of Ukrainian realistic theater and Ukrainian culture in general. Speaking about the development of Ukrainian realistic theater, the researcher notes the significant role of I. Karpenko-Kary, M. Kropyvnytsky, M. Starytsky. At the same time, the development of theatrical business in Western Ukraine of that period is analyzed. The historical context of the appearance of Lesya Ukrainka's dramatic works is traced, as well as certain figures of representatives of realism in Ukrainian literature are outlined. D. Chizhevsky analyzes the work of realist writers, in particular L. Glibov, P. Grabovsky, I. Karpenko-Kary, M. Kropyvnytsky, I. Manzhura, O. Pchilka, S. Rudansky, V. Samylenko, I. Franko, J. Shchogoliv and others. Speaking about the role of Ivan Franko in the formation and development of Ukrainian realistic writing, D. Chizhevsky points out that Kamenyar is not only a practitioner of realism, but also a theorist, as he provided a theoretical justification for realism in his works. The peculiarities of the origin of realism, the sources of its appearance are emphasized, the specifics of the influence of other European literatures on Ukrainian literature are revealed. D. Chizhevsky indicated the principle of selection of material to reflect reality. As the main feature of the romantic style is metaphor, realistic style - metonymy. It is noted that realism was more active mainly in prose forms. Among those who have departed from realism, the researcher names V. Vynnychenko, P. Karmansky, M. Kotsyubynsky, V. Pachovsky, M. Filyansky, M. Chernyavsky, and others


We examined the effect of speed magnitude and range on the sensitivity to global speed in two different age groups. Stimuli consisted of band-pass dots whose speeds were perturbed by time-correlated or -uncorrelated random noise. The observer discriminated which of two sequentially presented stimuli moved faster. We found that the Weber fractions significantly diminished with increasing the speed of standard. The older observers had higher discrimination thresholds in all experimental conditions. The noise level did not significantly affect sensitivity to global speed differences, except for older observers' performance at the highest noise level. The temporal noise correlation differently impaired the performance of the younger and the older observers. The results are discussed in relation to speed-coding mechanisms and age-related changes in motion perception.


Increasingly, ICTs are being used in development work to help bring far-flung learners together online, to deliver material to remote locations, and to provide a means of rapid interaction within a community of learners, instructors and other experts. The development of high quality, engaging, contextually responsive online learning materials, however, remains a challenge. The Master of Educational Technology program (MET), a joint graduate program of the University of British Columbia (UBC) and Tec de Monterrey University (Tec) in Mexico, can provide appropriate experiences and a credential to help build that capacity. In its structure and design, the MET program models a contextually responsive, constructivist approach to learning using high quality course materials and innovative learning technologies. Students in the MET are challenged to analyze local contexts and problems within an active and cross-cultural leaning community. This paper will outline some of the strategies used within several of the MET courses to engage students in constructivist activities through the effective use of a mixture of asynchronous and synchronous technologies.


This research focused at opinion, sight and idea of Andy F. Noya in its journalistic masterpiece. Purpose of this research is description of idea to of Andy F. Noya through its journalistic masterpiece.
This research applies approach of qualitative content analysis. This research object is journalistic masterpiece article Andy F. Noya in newspaper Business Indonesia (1986) and magazine Matra (1987-1988) as primary data. While others article is loading about Andy F. Noya made as secondary data.
Result of this research, in General Andy F. Noya tends to uppermost of things having nuance human interest in its masterpieces. Even if article lifted by it is article about a company and odorless about human interest, but it's remain to peeps out the element. Andy F. Noya likely love to dig life values embraced by its guest speaker to do submitted at reader, so not merely relevant information of just event got by reader, but also inspiration, advice and life lesson. Besides, Andy F. Noya always decent and does not lose its durability in writing down news. Andy F. Noya gives well-balanced information. Intended it if good expressed is good and if ugly expressed ugly, along with reasoning of the march of events story, so that doesn't generate blind emotion among reader, but exactly makes reader to contemplation and gazes to take wise position to an event reported on it. Andy F. Noya makes journalistic masterpiece as media to invite public thought of to information of news. Leads reader to find and plucks advice at the opposite of an event of in news article.


If legal norms and the ascription of rights are to achieve their purposes, they must receive public support. What, then, can provide the foundation for a sense of belonging, and make a reality of legal equality in a multicultural society? How can a sense of belonging to the society as a whole be achieved among all of its members?
Ishimatsu's answer is sympathy understood as 'fellow-feeling'. The absence of this social sentiment as thoroughly formulated by Adam Smith in the eighteenth century is a cause of problems in contemporary multicultural society. Sympathy, which takes the form of a moderate sentiment towards others, is needed to cement a multicultural society and make possible the full realisation of its legal and official goals.

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Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder, characterized by prominent blood or tissue eosinophilia with ensuing tissue damage, which is diagnosed after exclusion of underlying diseases known to cause HES. Sustained eosinophilia is associated with cardiac disease, including endomyocardial thrombosis and fibrosis, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy, valvular dysfunction and increased thrombotic tendency. Aneurysmal coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring in the absence of stenotic atherosclerotic plaques is extremely rare. We present a case of idiopathic HES in a 30‐year‐old woman with asymptomatic multianeurysmal CAD and a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, and discuss a brief review of the literature and management strategies.


Abstract Background Influenza and bacterial coinfection are associated with increased symptom severity and worse health outcomes. We used data from the population based Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-Net) California site to describe adult influenza hospitalizations with and without bacterial coinfections and evaluate the risk of severe disease. Methods We included data from adults hospitalized with laboratory confirmed influenza during the 2016/2017 influenza season who resided in San Francisco, Alameda or Contra Costa counties and had a bacterial culture performed ≤ 3 days after admission. We excluded records for healthcare facility-associated influenza. Univariate analyses were used to describe demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of bacterial coinfection as a risk factor for severe outcome, defined as admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or death during hospitalization. Results Among 2,029 adult influenza hospitalizations, 102 had ≥1 positive bacterial cultures. There were 119 bacterial isolates from blood (58), respiratory sites (60), and joint fluid (1). The most frequent blood isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae (11), and Staphylococcus aureus (10). The most frequent respiratory isolates were S. aureus (30) and S. pneumoniae (7). Coinfected persons were younger (median age 71 vs. 78), and more likely to have past or current alcohol abuse or immunosuppression. Coinfected patients were more likely to be admitted to an ICU (45% vs. 15%) or die (16.0% vs. 3.6%). The median length of hospital stay was twice as long for coinfected patients (6 days vs. 3). In multivariate analyses, bacterial coinfection (aOR, 4.49; 95% CI, 2.99–6.72), chronic lung disease (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.18–1.95) and cardiovascular disease (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15–1.90) were associated with a severe outcome. Conclusion Bacterial coinfection was associated with a four-fold higher risk of ICU admission and death during hospitalization. This study highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of bacterial coinfection among patients with influenza requiring hospitalization. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Following the earlier demonstration of inhibin-like activity in human ovarian follicular fluid a method for its purification to apparent homogeneity is described. The fluid was converted to acetone powder and subjected sequentially to ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200, continuous gradient ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, first with a pH gradient from 8.0 to 4.0 and then with a NaCl gradient to 1 M at pH 5.2. The active fraction from this step was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and finally passed through an Amicon Centriflo membrane CF-25 (cut off point: 25,000 m.w.). The ultrafiltrate was homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, had a molecular weight of the order of 23 000 and was capable of suppressing serum gonadotrophin levels in the castrated male rats in as low a dose as 25 microgram/rat.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of chief executive officer (CEO) vega on firm policies in the Australian share market based on a panel data set drawn from the 137 Australian public firms for the period 2003-2012.

Design/methodology/approach

To allow mutual causation between our variables, the authors use the two-stage least squares estimation method, controlling for firm fixed effects. The authors use the difference-in-differences model to test whether the 2009 Australian tax reforms may discourage high-vega CEOs to take value-enhancing risks.

Findings

The authors find the evidence that vega induces CEOs to adopt the riskier financial policy in the Australian capital market. This evidence is further supported by the negative association between vega and firm conservative activities including cash and hedging policies. Further, the result shows that the 2009 tax reforms reduce the CEOs' willingness to engage in risky financial policy. This finding implies that regulators may restore the 2009 reforms' "deferred tax point" back to its pre-2009 form.

Originality/value

Based on the study's results, firms should grant CEOs more out-of-the money options with a longer time to expiration to offset the 2009 tax reforms' negative impact on the CEO's incentive to take value-enhancing risks.


Introduction: The International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) has created a standard for the Minimum Information about a Flow Cytometry Experiment (MIFlowCyt 1.0). CytometryML will serve as a common metadata standard for flow and image cytometry (digital microscopy). Methods: The MIFlowCyt data-types were created, as is the rest of CytometryML, in the XML Schema Definition Language (XSD1.1). The datatypes are primarily based on the Flow Cytometry and the Digital Imaging and Communication (DICOM) standards. A small section of the code was formatted with standard HTML formatting elements (p, h1, h2, etc.). Results:1) The part of MIFlowCyt that describes the Experimental Overview including the specimen and substantial parts of several other major elements has been implemented as CytometryML XML schemas (www.cytometryml.org). 2) The feasibility of using MIFlowCyt to provide the combination of an overview, table of contents, and/or an index of a scientific paper or a report has been demonstrated. Previously, a sample electronic publication, EPUB, was created that could contain both MIFlowCyt metadata as well as the binary data. Conclusions: The use of CytometryML technology together with XHTML5 and CSS permits the metadata to be directly formatted and together with the binary data to be stored in an EPUB container. This will facilitate: formatting, data- mining, presentation, data verification, and inclusion in structured research, clinical, and regulatory documents, as well as demonstrate a publication's adherence to the MIFlowCyt standard, promote interoperability and should also result in the textual and numeric data being published using web technology without any change in composition.


Let X 1 ,+++, X n be independent exponential random variables with possibly different scale parameters + Kochar and Korwar @ J. Multivar. Anal. 57 ~ 1996 !# conjectured that , in this case , the successive normalized spacings are increasing according to hazard rate ordering + In this article , we prove this conjecture in the case of a single-outlier exponential model when all except one of the parameters are identical + We also prove that the spacings are more dispersed and larger in the sense of hazard rate ordering when the vector of scale parameters is more dispersed in the sense of majorization +


Aim:  Presence of accelerated atherosclerosis in dialysis patients cannot be entirely explained by conventional risk factors. Exposure to urea, which is elevated in patients with kidney disease, leads to the carbamylation of proteins. We investigated the effects of carbamylated low‐density lipoprotein (cLDL) on human coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).


In this Master thesis we look into students' characteristics which impact their success at introductory programming course. We want to define characteristics which are connected to and positively correlate with success at introductory programming course.
The majority of novice students studying Computing on the Two-subject teacher program at the Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana experience programming for the first time in this introductory programming course. Every year, students' success rate is low - less than half of the students pass the exam. In the first section of this Master thesis we introduce learning theories and provide an overview of scientific literature which analyses the issues of introductory programming. Since teaching programming is often based on problem-based learning, we relate the success at programming with the success at solving problem based tasks. Programming skills are put in the context of computational thinking, where we focus on algorithmic thinking, one of the key fields of cognition in computational thinking. Computational thinking contains certain aspects of thinking, which are present also in solving mathematical problems. On the other hand, we are also interested in personal characteristics of students which impact learning and might also impact success at the initial stages of learning how to programme. Every individual uses distinctive combination of learning strategies, however, we have decided to test Kolb's model of learning styles. There already are several studies researching students' characteristics which impact success in an introductory programming course, but we are interested in characteristics that prevail among students included in our study.
We conducted an empirical research where we collected and analyzed students' personal characteristic which relate to learning and characteristics related to their prior programming experience and consequently to their attitude towards programming. With a problem solving test we also tested their analytical, abstract and algorithmic thinking abilities. It turns out that there are no statistically significant differences in average success rate in introductory programming course between students of the Faculty of Education and students of the Faculty of Computer and Information Science. Weak but positive correlation was found between success rate in introductory programming course and success rate in Mathematics at the Matura exam. There are differences among students in average success rate at solving tasks which test analytical, abstract and algorithmic thinking abilities, depending on the year of study. Correlation between successful completion of these tasks and successful completion of introductory programming course is positive and weak. In our sample, there are statistically significant differences in learning styles between students at the Faculty of Education and students at the Faculty of Computer and Information Science. Divergent learning style prevails among students at the Faculty of Education while assimilative learning style prevails among students at the Faculty of Computer and Information Science. There are no statistically significant differences in success at introductory programming course between students with different learning styles. At the end of the empirical section of the thesis, we use machine learning to introduce different predictive models which reveal students' characteristics that influence success rate in introductory programming course. Among chosen characteristics the most important are: programming knowledge, student's attitude to programming, type of Matura exam, success at Matura exam, faculty, learning style and successful solving of abstract and algorithmic thinking tasks.


Scandinavian countries are often mentioned as forerunners in sustainable urban development; here, green infrastructure (GI) planning has played an important role. However, little is known about the status of GI planning at a municipal level—this paper aims to provide such knowledge. In an analysis of GI plans or municipal master plans from 24 municipalities in Scandinavia, we explored the scope of the plans, the focus of the goals/strategies, the terminology, and the measures for access to green spaces. The results show that all the municipalities had strategies for GI, but only 60% had a GI plan or a similar "greenspace" document. Social values were the main focus of the plans, particularly recreation and access. GI was a concept more commonly used in practice compared with ecosystem services. The findings confirm a common Scandinavian approach to urban GI planning, which provides a relevant general frame for future globally strategic GI planning.


The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is revising its regulation governing drug master files (DMF's). FDA is removing the provision for submitting Type I DMF's and will no longer permit information submitted in a Type I DMF to be incorporated by reference in investigational new drug applications (IND's), new drug applications (NDA's), abbreviated new drug applications (ANDA's), or amendments or supplements to any of these. This rule is intended to eliminate submissions of information that are not necessary either to conduct inspections of manufacturing facilities or to review the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls sections of IND's, NDA's, and abbreviated applications.


We demonstrate in this work that the indirect nanoplasmonic sensing lets us follow the adsorption/desorption of water molecules on soot particles that are a major contributor of the global warming. Increasing the relative humidity of the surrounding medium we measure a shift in wavelength of the localized surface plasmon resonance response of gold nanodisks on which soot particles are deposited. We show a singular and reversible blue shift with hydrophilic aircraft soot particles interpreted from a basic model as a reversible morphological change of the soot aggregates. This new method is highly sensitive and interesting to follow the change of optical properties of aerosols during their aging in the atmosphere, where they can adsorb and react with different gas molecules.


Background: Various methods of malaria vector control has been done. Insecticides which using repeatedly impact new problems for the emergence of vector resistance. Hence, optimization  about active ingredient  in the insecticide  product  should take notice  to  the development  of  insecticide resistance  mechanisms for  malaria  vectors. Literature review which  assess and discuss  adult Anopheles sp resistance  for  chemical control programme  were  still limited to certain insecticides. The aim  of  this  literature review is  collecting and  findings  evidence has been produced  by researchers which  associated  with  chemical control of  vector  and   variety  of  adult  Anopheles resistance  as  a  strategy  to eradicate malaria endemic cases. Method: This literature review prepared by systematic review methods.Google database is used as the primary source of search with keyword "adult Anopheles", "resistance", insecticide", and chemical control".  Inclusion  and  exclusion criteria  applied  to  select  journals  that  are  relevant of  this literature review's topic. Collected 41 articles and 10 articles are matched with inclusion criteria. Results: Chemical control obtain cause Anopheles sp resistance to certain chemical insecticides. The involvement of  Anopheles sp knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations  as  a  genetic factor in the resistance mechanism, bio-ecological factors  and  operational  factors (insecticide  types, application techniques, dose,  frequency, time and  manner  of  application/intervention)  as  the  primary  cause of  chemical  insecticide  resistances. Conclusion: To maintain  this  programme, we needs  government policies are vector  control  integrated  through  research, assessment, and development  of  vector  resistance mechanisms  with  insecticides to achieve the goals  for  globally  malaria's free in 2020.


The reactions of free radicals produced by ionizing radiation with pepsin have been studied by steady-state inactivation measurements and by pulse radiolysis. In de-aerated solutions thehydroxyl radical has been found to be the most efficient of the primary free radicals generated from water in causing inactivation. The reactions of the more selective oxidizing inorganic radical anions Br2-. and (SCN)2-., with pepsin have also beenexamined. In the case of the thiocyanate radical anion (SCN)2-., the inactivation efficiency is found to depend on SCN- concentration, an effect shown to arise from a reversible redox reaction involving the tryptophan and (SCN)2-. radicals. The results demonstrate that tryptophan residue plays an essential role in the enzyme activity of pepsin.


Abstract Wood-water relationship of untreated and heat-treated wood was studied. Specimens of Eucalyptus grandis, E. saligna, and E. citriodora were submitted to five conditions of heat treatment: 180°C and 220°C with air; 220°C, 250°C, and 280°C with N2. The wood-water relationships were accurately studied in a special device, in which the moisture content (MC) of the sample was measured with a highly sensitive electronic microbalance placed in a climatic chamber. The dimensions of the sample were collected continuously without contact by means of two high-speed laser scan micrometers. Sorption curves and shrinkage-MC relationships were observed. To study the effects of heat treatment, the following parameters were also determined: fiber saturation point (FPS), wood anisotropy (T/R ratio), shrinkage slope, reduction in hygroscopicity, and anti-shrink efficiency (ASE). The physical properties were significantly affected only at 220°C and above. At heat temperature levels higher than 220°C, the reduction in hygroscopicity and ASE are higher than 40% and continue to be reduced with increasing temperature level. This work also demonstrates that heat treatment does not change the slope of the curves "shrinkage vs. MC", proving that heat treatment affects the domain of alterations in wood properties, but not the behavior within this domain.


With the development of petascale computing systems, a long-term effort is needed to educate and train the next generation of researchers. As part of its graduate education component, the Virtual School of Computational Science and Engineering held a summer school in August 2008 entitled "Accelerators for Science and Engineering Applications," providing participants with knowledge and hands-on experience with graphics processing units (GPUs). In this paper, we present visualizations exploring the broad spectrum of summer school applicants and participants. We examine demographic information of the overall applicant pool, accepted and attending applicants, and remote participants, as well as apply hierarchical clustering and rule association techniques to all applicant data. These statistical and data mining analyses demonstrate the wide range of fields of study where research applications can be readily accelerated through the use of massively parallel computing resources.


An increase in the input of the mechanical power speeds up the culture growth, which correlates with the rate of carbohydrate and nitrogen consumption during the first phase of the process, the time of the biosynthesis phase onset and the level of the antibiotic production during this phase. During the second half of the process the antibiotic biosynthesis markedly decreases, especially in the apparatus with a high input of the mechanical power. Deficiency in carbon and nitrogen is one of the causes of this decrease. The activity level at the end of the biosynthesis in such apparatus does not differ significantly, since it depends on the biosynthesis rate during the whole cultivation period.


Erosion of the copper cathode in Trichel-pulse negative corona discharge was investigated in the atmospheric pressure air in point-to-plane electrode configuration. Nanometer-size craters were found on the cathode surface as a result of discharge treatment. Therefore, the current density on the cathode surface was estimated to be around 108 A/cm2. The value of the integral of specific current action of Trichel pulse argues in favor of electroexplosive mechanism of cathode erosion in Trichel-pulse negative corona.


This article deals with some of the spelling changes that occurred in the 1640s. Many changes began before Meletius Smotrytsky's Grammar was published in 1648, and the spelling rules of the Grammar 1648 were formed as a result of corrections in texts produced in the 1640s. At this time, demonstration of word border in writing manifested in clitics separation from autosemantic words, in the appearance of broad grapheme Є and Ѻ, and in changes in the spelling of the conjunction i. The stable orthographic opposition "beginning / not beginning of the word" begins to appear at this time as follows: in the beginning there were Є, Ѻ, ІА, not in the beginning-е, о, ѧ. The distribution of the graphemes ѹ/ȣ was associated with the accent and the position after the vowel o. The article also touches upon the appearance of the lexical homonyms ɪазыкъ 'nation'-ѧзыкъ 'tongue' distinction, changes in the spelling of some borrowed words, and use of the letter Ѕ. Spelling changes of the 1640s are compared with the orthographic norms fixed in the various grammars, as well as in the advice of the Azbukovniks of the early 17th century.


Background: Mainstream application of cancer immunotherapy is hampered by the low response rate of most cancer patients. A novel immunotherapeutic target or a biomarker predicting response to immunotherapy needs to be developed. Guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) is an interferon (IFN)-inducible guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) involving inflammation and infection. However, the immunological effects of GBP1 in pan-cancer patients are still obscure. Methods: Using large-scale public data, we delineated the landscape of GBP1 across 33 cancer types. The correlation between GBP1 expression or mutation and immune cell infiltration was estimated by ESTIMATE, TIMER, xCell, and quanTIseq algorithms. GBP1-related genes and proteins were subjected to function enrichment analysis. Clustering analysis explored the relationship between GBP1 expression and anti-tumor immune phenotypes. We assessed the patient's response to immunotherapy using the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score and immunophenoscore (IPS). Furthermore, we validated the predictive power of GBP1 expression in four independent immunotherapy cohorts. Results: GBP1 was differentially expressed in tumors and normal tissues in multiple cancer types. Distinct correlations existed between GBP1 expression and prognosis in cancer patients. GBP1 expression and mutation were positively associated with immune cell infiltration. Function enrichment analysis showed that GBP1-related genes were enriched in immune-related pathways. Positive correlations were also observed between GBP1 expression and the expression of immune checkpoints, as well as tumor mutation burden (TMB). Pan-cancer patients with higher GBP1 expression were more inclined to display "hot" anti-tumor immune phenotypes and had lower TIDE scores and higher immunophenoscore, suggesting that these patients had better responses to immunotherapy. Patients with higher GBP1 expression exhibited improved overall survival and clinical benefits in immunotherapy cohorts, including the Gide et al. cohort [area under the curve (AUC): 0.813], the IMvigor210 cohort (AUC: 0.607), the Lauss et al. cohort (AUC: 0.740), and the Kim et al. cohort (AUC: 0.793). Conclusion: This study provides comprehensive insights into the role of GBP1 in a pan-cancer manner. We identify GBP1 expression as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, potentially enabling more precise and personalized immunotherapeutic strategies in the future.


Providing sensory feedback for myoelectric prosthetic users can not only increase the manipulation ability but can also introduce a feeling of embodiment. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of providing mechanotactile or vibrotactile feedback on the remaining stumps of amputees. To improve the recognition rate and reduce mental work load when identifying stimulation patterns, we propose a multi-modal sensory feedback system for upper limb amputees. The system consists of five tactile sensors, Bluetooth wireless communication modules, and a custom-designed multi-modal stimulation array incorporating vibrotactile and mechanotactile stimulation modalities. Three amputees (two with phantom map and one without phantom map) tested the system in localization and stimulation intensity identification tasks. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the multi-modal stimulation compared with single modal stimulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to combine vibrotactile and mechanotactile stimulation in a sensory feedback system for upper limb amputees.


Sparse data exist on the patterns and determinants of acquisition of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses in childhood. We measured immunoglobulin G seroreactivity against 10 polyomaviruses (BKPyV, JCPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSPyV, HPyV9, HPyV10) and 5 herpesviruses (Epstein Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 8) using multiplex serology on blood samples collected at birth (cord blood, n = 626) and at follow-up at 3 years (n = 81) and 4 years (n = 690) of age among the Rhea birth cohort recruited in Greece from pregnant women in 2007-2008. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to identify determinants of seropositivity at age 4. Seroprevalence of polyomaviruses ranged from 38.5% to 99.8% in cord blood and from 20.9% to 82.3% at age 4. Seroprevalence of EBV, CMV, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human herpesvirus 8 was 99.4%, 74.9%, 26.2%, 8.0%, and 1.6% in cord blood and 52.5%, 25.8%, 3.6%, 1.4%, and 0% at age 4, respectively. Determinants of seropositivity at age 4 were cord seropositivity (JCPyV, HPyV7, HPyV10, CMV), vaginal delivery (HPyV10), breastfeeding (CMV), younger age at day-care entry (BKPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, TSPyV, HPyV10, HPyV9, EBV, CMV), and swimming pool attendance (BKPyV, KIPyV, WUPyV, HPyV10). Television viewing, parental stress, and hygiene practices were inversely associated with the seroprevalence of polyomaviruses and herpesviruses.


BACKGROUND
Vision loss and maculopathy associated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine use are infrequent but significant adverse effects. Bull's eye maculopathy related to these drugs, including peripheral and macular pigment changes, has been described; however, to our knowledge, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of the associated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy have not yet been reported.

METHODS
Single case report.

RESULTS
A 48-year-old woman was treated with hydroxychloroquine (7.8 mg/[kg · d]) for 8 years followed by chloroquine (3.9 mg/[kg · d]) for 5 months for systemic lupus erythematosus. Fundus examinations for toxicity were conducted every 6 months. These medications were discontinued when the patient developed photopsias. Nine years after discontinuation, the patient further developed new scotomas and a bull's eye pattern RPE atrophy. The photographic and OCT findings of hydroxychloroquine- and chloroquine-associated maculopathy are presented along with guidelines on dosing and screening.

CONCLUSION
The ophthalmologist's awareness of dosing guidelines and communication with prescribing physicians are important in preventing ocular toxicities associated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Current guidelines suggest the following maximal dosages: hydroxychloroquine, 6.5 mg/(kg · d); and chloroquine, 3 mg/(kg · d). A patient weighing <135 lb should not receive >400 mg of hydroxychloroquine daily.


It is almost a decade and half since freedom of expression has been proclaimed as one of the fundamental rights and freedoms recognized in the FDRE Constitution. However, there is hardly any Ethiopian jurisprudence on freedom of expression to speak of at the moment. Although numerous cases (that clearly gave rise to issues implicating freedom of expression) have been entertained in our courts, we have yet to develop a body of standards, tests and doctrines pertaining to the scope, content and legitimate limitations of freedom of expression. This void of constitutional jurisprudence can indeed undermine freedom of expression.

 Key words: Freedom of Expression, FDRE Constitution, Ethiopia


The aim of this study was to characterize the population demand for health services in the Emergency Room hospital of Capao Bonito city, Sao Paulo, Brazil seeking to identify the main medical reasons that cause the user's query to the service. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using a questionnaire administered to 668 individuals who sought treatment for a seven days period. Methods: The research instrument sought to identify sex, age, the model of health care, the present occupation, city of residence, the presence of associated diseases and the user's main complaint. Results: The results showed greater demand made by females (54.34%) aged 18-29 years (25.30%). Most of the users were resident in Capao Bonito city (87.12%) and use public assistance through the SUS (97,71%); 76.35% reported not having diseases associated with the main reason for seeking health care. Conclusions: Emergency services provision was mostly directed to acute act complaint from users, not expanding the attention focus for a medical history.


The shooting of a 15-year old student by a police officer in central Athens on December 6th 2008 would erupt into the worst rioting Greece had experienced since the restoration of democracy in the mid 1970s. Under the ideological banner of "No Control", enraged teenage and twenty-something youths would barricade the streets of Athens, Thessaloniki and other major Greek cities and battle against the police with stones and home-made petrol bombs, burning and smashing cars, shops, banks and public buildings whilst thousands of people from all walks of life, from parents and workers to socialists and political extremists, would protest against the failings of the government in massive demonstrations. Seen as a "sign of the economic times" and a dystopic omen of the things to come rather than an isolated local incident, the Greek riots attracted international media attention, with journalists reporting before smoke-covered urban sets animated by scenes of sensational violence and destruction. The young rioters would use mobile-phone technology and social networking sites and micropublishing application on the Web to mobilize people and provide news updates. This paper explored the ways that eyewitness records of the riots, taken by both professional photographers and common citizens, were disseminated online by digitally enabled citizens using Web 2.0 micropublishing applications outside the control of mainstream media.


The authors develop an aqueous solution-processed hole injection layer, MoO3 doped copper phthalocyanine-3,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetra-sulfonated acid tetra sodium salt (TS-CuPc), in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) via an environmentally-friendly and easy fabrication process. The generation of a charge transfer complex in TS-CuPc:MoO3 composite films is confirmed by absorption spectra and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Enhanced hole injection in OLEDs is attributed to the decreased hole barrier at the ITO side, which is in agreement with the Schottky thermal emission evaluation. The efficient modification of ITO by TS-CuPc:MoO3 is further confirmed by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measurements.


Linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer and studies of allelic deletion in sporadic ovarian tumors have suggested that chromosome 17q may be the location of a gene of importance in ovarian carcinogenesis. We have examined tumor and normal DNA samples from 120 patients with ovarian tumors for allelic deletion at 12 loci on chromosome 17q. Allelic deletion was observed in 64 cases (53%) of which 56 showed loss of heterozygosity at all loci analyzed on 17q. The pattern of allele loss at metastatic sites was consistent with loss of heterozygosity having occurred prior to metastasis. A common region of deletion, defined by 6 cases of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and a benign serous cystadenoma, spanned 16 cM and was delimited by nm23 and GH. This region is distal to the region on chromosome 17q to which the familial breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene has been mapped. The results suggest that a tumor suppressor gene involved in sporadic ovarian carcinogenesis is located on the distal portion of chromosome 17q and is distinct from the gene linked to familial cases.


In this paper, we explore Jeremy Bentham's panopticon and consider its possible contribution to understanding more fully the impact of current assessment protocols and practices within higher education. More pointedly, we ask the following question: Are the plethora of assessment practices within higher education actually designed to improve student academic experience, or are they instead mechanisms of surveillance intended to control, dominate and invoke paranoia among university workers? In response to this question, we argue that the prevailing preoccupation with assessment in U.S. universities is motivated less by a genuine desire to enhance the actual academic experience of students than it is to offer hegemonic interests a psychological instrument of control to eliminate potential dissent over neo-liberal and managerial class imposed policies. To illustrate our central claim, we first review some general details of Bentham's panopticon. Secondly, we briefly discuss Foucault's analysis of the panopticon and consider his accompanying postulate on the tendency of individuals to self-regulate their behavior according to externally imposed and monitored expectations. We also examine in greater depth the relationship between the panopticon and the Lacanian gaze, with a focus on considering the latter's psychological impact. Finally, we contend that the prevailing obsession with assessment in universities is a mechanism of institutional control that hinders rather than enhances the academic quality of contemporary higher education by limiting the scope of academic dialogue, social imagination and democratic structural critique.


Background COVID-19 is known to cause chemosensory dysfunction. A common symptoms of COVID-19 is a disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function which may persist after recovery including COVID-19-related anosmia and hypogonadism. Hormonal problems such as Hypogonadism and Hypothyrodism are being observed in patients with Covid-19. Rise in cases of hormonal imbalance post COVID recovery is a cause for concern. Moreover, anosmia is a well-tolerated symptom of COVID-19, but their aetiology isn't understood. The studies demonstrated that the new coronavirus could affect the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb or blood circulation. Furthermore, in addition to anosmia or hyposmia induction, as well as taste disorders, the virus may cause Appetite loss, High cortisol, Anxiety ,Retinol deficiency, Eye-ache, earache, Dizziness, Memory, Minstrual disturbances and hallucination. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRSs) are well known to be expressed throughout the body, and they represent the genome's largest superfamily of signaling. It was showed that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs, a subtype of GPCRS), were expressed sufficiently in olfactory region and hypothalamus as well as thyroid gland and the human lung. It was found that GPCRs are responsible for diverse biological functions such as Appetite, Cortisol level, Smelling and Tasting regulation as well as Retinol transport and act as receptors of Thyroxin. Herein by using molecular docking and stimulation analysis , we succeeded to elucidate the direct neuroinvasive route of COVID-19 into the nasal epithelium and human brain cells which may lead to anosmia and hormonal imbalance mainly through the olfactory route by direct binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS). Furthermore, we strongly suspect that binding of COVID-19 to the expressed GPCRS in the lung is a main cause of ion changing disruption leading to pulmonary edema and failure . Moreover, we confirmed our results by investigating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs) as a novel binding receptor of COVID-19.MethodologyIn the current study, we used PatchDock server to conduct a docking study of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs protein. The structure of the crystal structure of the proteins were retrieved from RSCP (https://www.rcsb.org/ ) with accessions numbers (PDB ID 7BR3 and 6P9X respectively. we obtained the crystal structure of spike with accession number (PDB ID: 6VYB). The proteins are downloaded in the pdb format. The spike - receptor protein was investigated to determine the conservative residues of binding of Spike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS proteins in order to discover the ability of Spike to interact with GnRHR and GPCR receptors. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the positional and conformational changes of the included proteins in relation to the binding site that provides insight into the binding stability. MD simulation of the complex was carried out with the GROMACS 4.5.4 package using the GROMOS96 43a1 force field.ResultsThis analysis of simulations molecular dynamics and molecular docking showed a high affinity between Spike protein and both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs . Results indicated that the spike binds to GNRHRS with binding energy (-1424.7 k.cal/mol) and to GPCRS with binding energy (-1451.8 k.cal/mol). The obtained results confirmed that the native model binds to GPCRS with the highest docking score of ( -1451.8) when compared to the other GNRHRS complexes, which have the lowest binding affinity, as evidenced by the docking score of (-1424.9). These results signifies better conjugation of GNRHRS to the binding pocket of the spike receptor in the RDB of the spike protein . Comparing the binding free energy of GPCRS to GNRHRS showed that the GNRHRS protein was found to bind to the vital residues in the RBD of the spike protein. But GPCRSs protein were found to bind to new RDB in other place in chain B of the spike. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations study revealed significant stability of s pike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS separately up to 50 ns.CONCLUSIONSThe COVID-19 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is not expressed in the receptor of olfactory neurons, or its generation is limited to a minor fraction of these neurons. A change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19 as well as Appetite loss and retinol deficiency , but its aetiology is unknown. SARS-CoV-2 was found to bind strongly and directly to both GPCRS and GnRHRs which expressed sufficiently in olfactory neurons. As a result, we confirm that COVID-19 could use these receptors especially GNRHRS as a direct neuroinvasive route into human brain cells, potentially leading to long-term neurological complications and hormonal imbalance in addition to Appetite loss and retinol deficiency via the olfactory route. Our findings may also shed a new light on the mechanism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. Therefore ,we propose that GPCRS and is involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology and can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.


2 Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a dramatic rise in the intensive culture of striped bass, Morone saxatilis due to its reduced supply from capture fisheries and high market price. One of the major problems that limit its mass culture is non-availability of seed in sufficient quantities due to unreliability of live feeds and their high cost, Artemia for example. The main objective of these studies was, complete replacement of live food with artificial diets or at least reduce its quantity in larval food without compromising growth and survival of fish. Based on the chemical composition of natural zooplankton, the presumed ideal diet for striped bass larvae. various iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous semi-purified diets were formulated. The chemically analyzed ingredients were homogenously blended, microencapsulated and fed to larval fish. Commercial starter diets were also used for comparison. There were two feeding trials. Eight and 12-day-old striped bass was used in trial 1 and 2 respectively. Former had 9 dietary treatments and was continued for two weeks. Instar I live Artemia nauplii and zooplankton served as control while their encapsulated forms were secondary controls. Fish fed on live Artemia and zooplankton exhibited the highest growth and survival comparatively lower in zooplankton fed group. Encapsulated live food ranked second. Fish in the rest of the treatments could gain only 0.1-5.8 mg and survival ranged just from 25-43%. Later trial, on the other hand, had 11 treatments and lasted four weeks. Same age and weight larval fish, were fed on live Artemia (control) nauplii, Artemia capsules and casein based semi-purified diet. All the diets were processed following the same procedures as implied in former trial. But unlike previous trial tannic acid was incorporated in encapsulation material of some of the diets to enhance capsule stability and dropped in others. Similarly betain was included in selected inert diets to boost diet acceptability. Some of the inert diets were also periodically supplemented with live Artemia nauplii. Fish reared on live Artemia maintained its superiority in growth and survival over its counterparts. Tannic acid containing diets with periodic supplementation of live Artemia gave 40-50% survival and reasonable growth while performance in rest of the treatments remained very poor. Fish grew only up to 11-25 mg and survival could not exceed 25%. It appears that striped bass larvae can not digest microcapsules due to poorly developed digestive system.


The thermodynamic properties of pure MnO and NiO were analyzed in terms of the Debye model and a model for the magnetic transitions. The classical formula R In (β+ 1) for the magnetic entropy was found to overestimate the effect of magnetic ordering in these systems. A previous interpretation of the data for NiO was corrected. Thermodynamic functions were derived for the solid and liquid states and are given as analytic expressions. A previous assessment of the Gibbs energy of the solid solution (Mn, Ni)O from activity data was modified on statistical grounds. The results indicate that there should be a miscibility gap below 41O°C. By estimating the Gibbs energy of the liquid phase, it was possible to calculate the complete phase diagram.


The objective of this study was to determine if students perceive more immediate instructors as more credible than non immediate instructors, if students perceive graduate teaching assistants to be more or less immediate and more or less credible than full-time faculty, and whether more immediate instructors are perceived as more credible than non-immediate instructors in a classroom situation. Richmond , Gorham, and McCroskey's (1987) Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors Instrument, McCroskey and Young's (1981) Teacher Credibility instrument, and a standard university evaluation form used at a mid-sized Midwestern university (TEVAL, 1996) were administered to 289 undergraduate students enrolled in 17 sections of Fundamentals of Oral Communication. No significant differences were found between GTA and full-time faculty evaluation scores. There was a strong positive correlation between nonverbal immediacy and teacher credibility, and significant positive correlations were found on all measures in relation to expected grade.