The ability of modern synchrotron and XFEL light sources to produce highly intense coherent Xray beams in the μm and sub-μm range offers the possibility to image soft condensed matter on ultrasmall length and ultrafast time scales. This ability allows to access a variety of coherent X-ray diffraction concepts e.g. X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) and X-ray Cross Correlation Analysis (XCCA) [1, 2, 3]. The highly intense beam and the vacuum conditions in such experiments imply constraints on the sample housing, e.g. radiation damage of the samples or the walls of the sample container may affect the sample structure. One possibility to overcome this problem is a steady streaming injection system that produces a thin liquid-jet in vacuum. Liquid-jets offer the possibility to study disordered samples in the fluid phase by a very fast steady streaming [4]. We designed a liquid-jet setup which is capable of producing a homogeneous thin liquid-jet of thicknesses down to 1 μm. In this experiment we studied the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure of elongated nano-particles as a prototypical application of our liquid-jet setup. An overview about the setup is depicted in figure 1. We used a microscope and a mirror at the optical axis of the x-ray beam to align the thin liquid jet to the x-ray beam. This mirror provides a small hole for the x-ray beam. We used the Pilatus 300k detector at a sample detector distance of 5 m at beam line P10. Due to the small thickness of the jet we performed the measurements with a focused x-ray beam of 3 μm x 6 μm at an energy of 7 keV.


Immersive spaces are innately flexible. However, for learners, some constraints and scaffolding may often be valuable. This paper looks at immersive spaces as soft and hard technologies. Soft technologies are technologies enabling creative and flexible use, while hard technologies embed processes that limit creativity but provide efficiency and freedom from error. Technologies may be softened or hardened by assembly. For instance, if your Learning Management System (LMS) has no wiki, then it may be softened by adding one from outside the system. If your wiki has no assessment management system, then it may be hardened by using a LMS. For learning, the intrinsically soft nature of immersive spaces sometimes requires scaffolded hardening. This paper provides an example of an ongoing project that realizes these soft and hard technologies in an immersive virtual space and discusses the rich potential of such spaces for technology assembly.


Cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta play key roles in driving the inflammation and synovial cell proliferation that characterize rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joint destruction. It is, therefore, not surprising that therapies for RA have targeted these cytokines. While blockade of TNF-alpha or IL-1beta has been efficacious for many patients with RA, adequacy and maintenance of response are not universal, and increased risk of adverse events such as infection and malignancy remains a concern. Therefore, new targets in the treatment of RA continue to be examined. As interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, blockade of its activity is of both scientific and clinical interest. The basic biology of IL-6, the in vitro animal data supporting its role in RA, and the human trials to date that test the possible efficacy of IL-6-directed therapy for RA are reviewed.


Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the protective effects of whey and soy protein supplementa- tion on inflammatory response, oxidative damage and body composition in active female endurance athletes. Methods: Healthy female endurance athletes (18-25 y; n = 18) running at least one hour per day, five days per week were randomly assigned to consume 40 g whey or soy protein daily, in a 6-wk double-blind study. Blood samples were ob- tained following completion of a one hour run at baseline and wk 6, and analyzed for inflammatory and oxidative bio- markers. DXA scans were completed to determine body composition. Results: Whey protein intervention decreased (P< 0.05) plasma TBARS concentrations, indicating suppressed lipid per- oxidation. Supplementation with soy protein had no effect on markers of oxidative damage and inflammation, but de- creased (P< 0.05) reduced glutathione indicating a reduction in antioxidant activity. Protein supplementation had no sig- nificant effect on body composition. Conclusions: Supplementation with whey protein decreased lipid peroxidation in in female endurance athletes suggesting a potential antioxidative action, while soy protein did not improve biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation.


The preparedness and ability to accept, understand and create innovations is a factor of efficient development of modern society. The modern libraries have to be information centers to concentrate the world information resources within. The libraries' main task is to generate, preserve and systematize resources and make them accessible to the users. The library is examined as a system being influenced by external and internal factors. The library as an independent element in its turn impacts the information and education environment of the universities. The e-libraries offer the wide scope of services to support universities' education and research activities. Therefore, the university educational strategy should facilitate the transfer to an innovative model. The priority development of education system has to prepare individuals for competing in the society of dominating intellectual resources and innovations. The libraries have to be proactive in generating their own strategic programs and the university strategies, too.The authors examine the university library as an integrated system comprising the elements of diverse characteristics and complexity influence of external and internal factors. The e-library services and possibilities being offered to users are analyzed. The concept of "active university library" is defined as the system of user information services provided in any format and with any media based on traditional and networked services as well as on query-leading basis. The e-library promotion through information selective dissemination is discussed. The principle of active e-library's impact on the library's proactivity is promoted.


ABSTRACT The 19th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT), Europe's cancer immunotherapy meeting, was the first in-person event organized by CIMT since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a hybrid event from May 10–12, the meeting attracted 920 academic and clinical professionals from over 40 countries, who met to discuss the latest advances in cancer immunology and immunotherapy research. This report summarizes the highlights of CIMT2022.


AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

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Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone), a naturally occurring napthoquinone, is known to modulate cellular proliferation, carcinogenesis, and radio-resistance and is also a cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective agent. It is found in the plants of the Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, Ancestrocladaceae, and Dioncophyllaceae families and is present in the roots, leaves, bark,and wood of English walnut, Persian walnut and black walnut. Recently it has been demonstrated to inhibit NF-kappa B activation pathway and therefore has also been suggested to have an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. We, in this report, evaluated the effect of plumbagin on the function of multidrug resistance-linked ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCG2. This transporter plays a major role in the impediment of cancer chemotherapy and is one of the reasons for the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Plumbagin specifically inhibited the ABCG2-mediated efflux of its substrate, mitoxantrone and had no effect on the ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein)-mediated efflux of rhodamine 123. Plumbagin had a higher IC50 value (20-25 µM) for ABCG2 expressing MCF7FLV1000 cells compared to the control MCF7 cells (7-10 µM) which suggests that it might be a substrate for ABCG2. The non toxic concentration (2.5 µM) of plumbagin was able to partially inhibit the resistance to mitoxantrone in ABCG2 expressing MCF7FLV1000 and MCF7AdrVp3000 cells. This inhibition of ABCG2 function was because of its competition with the substrate binding to the transporter as plumbagin inhibited the photolabeling of ABCG2 with the transport substrate, [125I]-Iodoarylazidoprazosin in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5-7 µM. However, plumbagin had no effect on the incorporation of this photoaffinity analog in to ABCB1. In intact cells accumulation experiments with [125I]-Iodoarylazidoprazosin, plumbagin inhibited the efflux of this substrate from the ABCG2 expressing MCF7FLV1000 and MCF7AdrVp3000 cells. Plumbagin also stimulated the ABCG2-mediated ATP hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited the mitoxantrone-stimulated ATPase activity of ABCG2 suggesting that it might share the substrate-binding site with at least mitoxantrone. Further more, it did not inhibit the photolabeling of ABCG2 with [α-32P]-8-azidoATP to ABCG2 suggesting that it does not interact directly with the ATP-binding site of ABCG2. In aggregate, these results demonstrate that plumbagin, a natural product compound interacts directly with the ABCG2 and it could potentially be used at non-toxic concentrations as a specific inhibitor of ABCG2 function.


The velocity and attenuation of surface acoustic waves (SAW) in a 128 degrees -rotated Y-cut lithium niobate crystal with a proton-exchanged optical waveguiding layer on its surface have been studied. The measurements were carried out using the acoustic-optical diffraction method in the SAW frequency range 30-600 MHz. The SAW propagation was mainly along the X axis, though some velocity measurements were carried out for the normal direction. Strong velocity decrease and attenuation increase due to the proton exchange were observed. The acoustic dispersion and losses grow with the waveguide depth and SAW frequency, and are strongly affected by the post-exchange annealing. The results are explained by the formation of a HxLi1-xNbO3 layer on the LiNbO3 with many defects.


In Northeast China, Grassland in Inner Mongolia borders the Songnen Plain has a semi-arid climate that is highly vulnerable to degradation, salinization, even desertification. Over the past decades, it has undergone significant environmental degradation, which implies not only the climate-related changes, but also the human-induced alterations, especially the inappropriate land use of overgrazing, agricultural intensification. The paper provides an effective method for MODIS data classification by decision tree (DT) classification methods. The MODIS data are thus classified by the decision tree methods. Meanwhile, the classification was also conducted by the maximum likelihood classification. The results of two classification methods were further compared to evaluate the DT method. The Kappa values and overall accuracies from the error matrices are 0.3476 and 48.9346% for ML classification method, and they are 0.4542 and 64.4610% respectively for DT classification method. The DT classification approach outperformed the ML classification approach for regional land degradation mapping. Thus, the cropland, grassland, water and degraded soil mapping at 500 m are generated every day for the study area by DT classification method.


The DNA base composition (GC content) of 31 cultures of Debaryom yces and related yeasts including Torulaspora-type Saccharomyces was calculated from the thermal denaturation temperature (Tm) of DNA. The members of Debaryomyces and its imperfect forms exhibited GC contents from 32.4 to 45.6%, and were divided into 4 groups on the basis of this character. The first group had a GC content of 45.4-45.6%, and contained D. globosus, D. franciscae, and D. tamarii. The second group had the values of 42.442.9% and consisted of D. nilssoni and 2 out of 6 strains of Torulopsis candida. The third group showed the GC values of 36.6-37.3% and consisted of D. hansenii (including D. orientalis, D. nicotianae, D. kloeckeri, and D. subglobosus), D. marama, 4 out of 6 strains of T. candida, and Candida sp. The last group had a GC content of 32.4-34.4% and consisted of D. castellii, D. cantarellii, and D. vanriji. Torulaspora-type Saccharomyces (S. rosei-T. stellata, and S. fermentati-T. colliculosa) showed GC values (42.7-43.9%) similar to those of the second group. Strains of T. candida were separated into two groups, the second and the third. This suggests the heterogeneity of .0. hansenii-T. candida. Of the members of the first group, D. tamarii does not seem to be closely related to the other two species of this group on the basis of antigenic structure in spite of a close resemblance in its GC content. Therefore, 4 or 5 groups are discriminated within this genus.


Classroom rules provide first lessons in censorship. Ngugi wa Thiong'o looks back on a childhood debate and recalls his early brushes with a repressive regime


Abstract– The 45 m in diameter Kamil impact crater was formed <5000 yr ago in the eastern Sahara, close to the southern border of modern Egypt. The original features of this structure, including thousands of fragments of the meteorite impactor, are extremely well preserved. With the exception of a single 83 kg regmaglypted individual, all specimens of Gebel Kamil (the iron meteorite that formed the Kamil crater) are explosion fragments weighing from <1 g to 34 kg. Gebel Kamil is an ungrouped Ni‐rich (about 20 wt% Ni) ataxite characterized by high Ge and Ga contents (approximately 120 μg g−1 and approximately 50 μg g−1, respectively) and by a very fine‐grained duplex plessite metal matrix. Accessory mineral phases in Gebel Kamil are schreibersite, troilite, daubréelite, and native copper. Meteorite fragments are cross‐cut by curvilinear shear bands formed during the explosive terrestrial impact. A systematic search around the crater revealed that meteorite fragments have a highly asymmetric distribution, with greater concentrations in the southeast sector and a broad maximum in meteorite concentration in the 125–160° N sector at about 200 m from the crater rim. The total mass of shrapnel specimens >10 g, inferred from the density map compiled in this study is 3400 kg. Field data indicate that the iron bolide approached the Earth's crust from the northwest (305–340° N), travelling along a moderately oblique trajectory. Upon hypervelocity impact, the projectile was disrupted into thousands of fragments. Shattering was accompanied by some melting of the projectile and of the quartz‐arenite target rocks, which also suffered shock metamorphism.


In this current era, biomedical big data handling is a challenging task. Interestingly, the integration of multi-modal data, followed by significant feature mining (gene signature detection), becomes a daunting task. Remembering this, here, we proposed a novel framework, namely, three-factor penalized, non-negative matrix factorization-based multiple kernel learning with soft margin hinge loss (3PNMF-MKL) for multi-modal data integration, followed by gene signature detection. In brief, limma, employing the empirical Bayes statistics, was initially applied to each individual molecular profile, and the statistically significant features were extracted, which was followed by the three-factor penalized non-negative matrix factorization method used for data/matrix fusion using the reduced feature sets. Multiple kernel learning models with soft margin hinge loss had been deployed to estimate average accuracy scores and the area under the curve (AUC). Gene modules had been identified by the consecutive analysis of average linkage clustering and dynamic tree cut. The best module containing the highest correlation was considered the potential gene signature. We utilized an acute myeloid leukemia cancer dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository containing five molecular profiles. Our algorithm generated a 50-gene signature that achieved a high classification AUC score (viz., 0.827). We explored the functions of signature genes using pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. Our method outperformed the state-of-the-art methods in terms of computing AUC. Furthermore, we included some comparative studies with other related methods to enhance the acceptability of our method. Finally, it can be notified that our algorithm can be applied to any multi-modal dataset for data integration, followed by gene module discovery.


Process stability is essential to produce high quality homogeneous zinc coatings at continuous galvanizing lines. In order to be able to predict the zinc film thickness after gas jet wiping, the adhered film thickness and its formation before the wiping process has to be known. For this reason, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model considering surface tension effects together with the RNG k-ε and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model were applied. For validation, the simulation results were compared with the theoretically predicted film thickness of Landau, Levich and Deryaguin (LLD) for static bath conditions. It was found out that up to a certain strip withdrawal speed, the RNG k-ε turbulence model shows good agreement with the theoretically predicted film thickness. For higher strip withdrawal speeds, as usually operated at continuous galvanizing lines, the theoretical film thickness can only be achieved by applying the LES turbulence model. Furthermore, it is demonstrated, that changing the flow conditions from a static bath to actual flow conditions inside a zinc bath, highly influences the local flow at the meniscus region. The flow near the meniscus and the meniscus movement itself affect the film thickness on the strip below the gas jet wiping nozzles. Therefore, controlling the flow near the meniscus region could lead to a better process stability for the gas-jet wiping process.


INTRODUCTION
Despite ultrasound use, accidental carotid cannulation is possible during placement of a central venous catheter (CVC), requiring operative repair of the carotid artery and removal of the catheter.

CASE PRESENTATION
We report 2 cases-a 59-year-old Hispanic man and an 86-year-old white man-of inadvertent placement of a CVC into the left common carotid artery, removed via a pull-and-pressure technique under real-time ultrasound guidance. No complications occurred and follow-up imaging was negative for fistula creation, hematoma, or cerebral infarcts.

DISCUSSION
Prior cases have reported accidental carotid cannulations that required operative repair. Our discussion focuses on the complications of removal of CVCs from the common carotid, and the utility, feasibility, and safety of using real-time ultrasound guidance in the removal.

CONCLUSION
While operative removal of CVCs accidentally placed in the carotid is recommended, an ultrasound-enabled pull-and-pressure technique may prevent complications and avoid need for surgical repair in critically ill patients.


The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been one of the leading research fields of wireless networks, particularly in recent year. Sensors are randomly positioned in the region, every node senses the surroundings and sends the data collected to the cluster head (CH), which aggregates and transmits obtained information to the Base Station (BS). A non-rechargeable battery is included on each WSN node. The sensor energy and network life extension of WSN are the most important considerations in the academia and industry. And thus, many routing protocols have been proposed to solve this issue, one of these is LEACH, the early protocol that introduced the clustering idea to extend the life of the WSN. LEACH is affected by the number of heads of the Clusters as it is randomly selected, and this has an impact on network lifetime, furthermore, the nodes are randomly joined in each cluster, this means that some of the cluster heads work more than others with fewer cluster nodes. In this paper, it is proposed an algorithm Maximum Optimal Number of Cluster Heads (MONCH) to identify the optimum cluster heads in WSN and to find which is the nearest one to BS and helps to integrate nodes with the most appropriate cluster. The results show improved energy consumption performance for the LEACH algorithm.


We are treating 11 children in our AIDS clinic. All were infected by vertical transmission from carrier mothers. However, among 31 HIV-carrier AIDS patients who were under follow-up during pregnancy, supposedly taking zidovudine prophylaxis, only 1 (3.3%) gave birth to a baby infected with HIV. Our children with HIV and AIDS are 3 months to 12 years of age (average 4.5 years); mean age at diagnosis was 18 months. All are either symptomatic or have laboratory evidence of progressive immunodeficiency, 1 is asymptomatic (N2), 1 has mild symptoms (A2) and the rest present significant symptoms or AIDS-defining disease. All have moderate to severe immunodeficiency, as evidenced by CD4+ cells counts. 60% have rapidly progressive disease, based on their symptomatology and immune state, whereas clinical reports in the literature point to only 10-15%. However, the average CD4 + cell count was 22% (749/mm3) at diagnosis and 22% (759/mm3) at last follow-up. These stable findings during an average follow-up of 28 months probably reflect the effect of medical and supportive treatment. All received antiretroviral medication consisting of a combination of 2 or 3 drugs. 8 of 11 also received prophylactic treatment against opportunistic infections and 8 of 11 are clinically well. Routine follow-up and a good relationship with the patient's family increase cooperation and promote optimal medical treatment, and consequently improve the clinical condition and quality of life.


This study investigated, from a national perspective, the instructional teaching load of STEM educators specific to students with disabilities and limited English Proficiency (LEP). The most recent School and Staffing Survey results of in-service science, technology, and mathematics teachers were compiled and analyzed to form subject area comparisons concerning service capacity of students at-risk. It was determined that technology educators served a higher number of students with disabilities and LEP than science educators and mathematics educators. Prospective implications on teacher practice, teacher preparation, and professional development are explored within the context of educating students with disabilities and LEP.


A low-cost electronic wheelchair was designed and developed which can perform the similar functions and features as a commercially available wheelchair. It also provides obstacle avoidance capability as added value. The electronic wheelchair was realized by modification of a lightweight manual wheelchair. It uses two electric motors each of 320 W 24 V DC, 5-24 VDC 6 A H-bride drivers, and a 12 V 17 Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. It equipped with switches, joystick, infrared sensors and ultrasonic sensors. A Gizduino AtMega 328 microcontroller is used to read and interpret commands. User's acceptance evaluation results shows that the developed low - cost wheelchair is able to receive and interpret commands provided by the joystick, detect if a person  is seated on it, navigate to avoid obstacles as well as to detect edge and stairs. Technical evaluation result shows that on a flat surface it could move at the speed of around 39.9 m/minute without load and 32 m/minute with 80 kg load. At 10 degrees inclined surface, the maximum weight limit is 30 kg with the speed of 12 m/min ute. At 20 degrees inclined surface, the maximum weight limit is 1 0 kg with the speed of 3 m/min ute. Regarding cost, it is just a fraction of a cost compared to the commercially available model. Therefore, the developed wheelchair offers an option for potential users who cannot afford to buy the commercially available one.


Information service plays a key role in grid system, handles resource discovery and management process. Employing existing information service architectures suffers from poor scalability, long search response time, and large traffic overhead. In this paper, we propose a service club mechanism, called S-Club, for efficient service discovery. In S-Club, an overlay based on existing GIS mesh network of CROWN is built, so that GISs are organized as service clubs. Each club serves for a certain type of service while each GIS may join one or more clubs. S-Club is adopted in RLDS as the information service in CROWN grid and the performance of S-Club is evaluated by comprehensive simulations. The results show that S-Club scheme significantly improves search performance and outperforms existing approaches


Test automation is a widely-used approach to reduce the cost of manual software testing. However, if it is not planned or conducted properly, automated testing would not necessarily be more cost effective than manual testing. Deciding what parts of a given System Under Test (SUT) should be tested in an automated fashion and what parts should remain manual is a frequently-asked and challenging question for practitioner testers. In this study, we propose a search-based approach for deciding what parts of a given SUT should be tested automatically to gain the highest Return On Investment (ROI). This work is the first systematic approach for this problem, and significance of our approach is that it considers automation in the entire testing process (i.e., from test-case design, to test scripting, to test execution, and test-result evaluation). The proposed approach has been applied in an industrial setting in the context of a software product used in the oil and gas industry in Canada. Among the results of the case study is that, when planned and conducted properly using our decision-support approach, test automation provides the highest ROI. In this study, we show that if automation decision is taken effectively, test-case design, test execution, and test evaluation can result in about 307%, 675%, and 41% ROI in 10 rounds of using automated test suites.


The fluorescent probes, perilene and diphenyl hexatriene, were used to study changes in the lipid phase of erythrocytic ghosts induced by ionizing radiation (100-1000 Gy) and lipid peroxidation initiated by Fe2+ (5-100 microM). Both of the factors were shown to bring about similar changes in the membrane, that is, an increase in the viscosity of the probe localization sites and a decrease in diphenyl hexatriene fluorescence intensity. During the postirradiation incubation of the exposed membranes they were additionally damaged whereas upon peroxidation, most of the changes occurred after 15-min incubation with Fe2+.


Heuristic algorithm using some special information which is contact with problems we want to resolve is a process to control the search state space. Heuristic algorithm could play a unique role in resolve some problems which are difficult when we use theoretical methods. Here we propose a best level of multi-factor combination selection heuristic algorithm which is convenient to implement for computers, and it is an effective algorithm according to the experimental results.


The influence of the pressure ratio and the diaphragm location on the flow from open-ended shock tubes is investigated. In contrast to previous studies, in which attention was focused on the discharge of the shock wave from the shock tube, we consider also the influence of the contact discontinuity and the expansion fan. It is found that if the pressure ratio is large enough to lead to supersonic flow behind the contact discontinuity, the flow at the open end relaxes from the conditions behind the contact discontinuity to sonic conditions once the tail of the expansion fan arrives at the open end. Theory indicates that the time scale over which the flow relaxes to sonic conditions is nearly independent of the initial Mach number. Also, the time scale is much longer than that required by the acceleration of subsonic conditions behind the contact discontinuity to sonic conditions. The relaxation process is shown to influence the evolution of the Mach-disk shock, the barrel shock, and the reflected shock wave in an underexpanded jet.


The aim of my paper is to discuss the existence of World Music within and beyond its economic dimension. It focuses on the question of how a musical space, in which various actors intonate their visions of transcultural unity and difference, can be analysed ethnographically. The paper is meant to give a written ethnographic account of such a space, referring to a specific version of a popular song that probably none of my readers have ever listened to. In this sense, I present an actual working paper, as this constitutes an experiment, in which I herewith invite you to take part. Central to my argument is the fact that World Musicians mediate local images of authenticity for global audiences. They invent traditions to signify unique forms of identities and cultures. Simultaneously, they draw on musical references from different parts of the world. On Réunion Island, an Overseas-Department of France in the Indian Ocean, this process becomes even more apparent. Before its colonisation the island was uninhabited. Traditions here are not original or rooted, but are indicators of cultural transition and routedness. Réunionese Musicians use traditions to (re)territorialise themselves within a translocal soundscape, a World Music scene where Réunion Island becomes one of many points of reference. This is exemplified in a version of Bob Marley's "Redemption Song" played by a Réunionese band called Bastèr. Their specific musical mediation of culture and identity, to my understanding, offers a different perspective on what a World Music might sound like. = Subject: [Medianthro] Wergin e−seminar opens now From: John Postill  Date: Tue, 22 May 2007 09:35:03 +0100


The position of criminal law as to using and spreading harmful software (information) (article 273of RF Criminal Code) is a requisite of protecting one of the key principles of regulating information.A specific legislation defines this principle as a freedom of search, using, obtaining, transferring, makingand spreading information by any legal means. Facts show that intended balanced and based on theconsent understanding of the meaning of the ban under article 273 of RF Criminal Code and other acts(articles 141, 171.2, 185.3, 242, 272 thereof) if they are committed by intruding into the operation ofcomputer or information telecommunication nets depends on the understanding of computer informationas the element of the crime in question. This interpretation goes beyond the competence of an expert incriminal law. Thus, the examination of computer information is relevant not only to linguistic purism addedto the research of computer crimes. This issue should get a comprehensive study in legal literature andfrom different angles. The paper shows that the conceptual characteristics of computer information in RFCriminal Code is constantly expanding. First, it is defined commonly as data (information) provided aselectric signals available for electronic devices including the transmission by data link channels. Under theobtained empirical material, this definition of computer information is not a corollary from the argument forthe opinions and decisions of courts. Its role is different as it does not identify computer information withthe means of storing, processing and transferring, find it in various technical devices such as cashpoints,receivers etc. The research shows that in certain articles of the Criminal Code, computer informationincludes the provisions as to special characteristics (positive signs) and reasons why some informationcannot be considered as a subject of crime in question (negative signs). Thus, secondly, computerinformation as an element of a certain crime has a number of individual signs. Article 273 of RF CriminalCode represent it as 1) a software or other information, b)which is intended for eliminating, blocking,modifying, copying computer information or neutralizing the means of its protection, c) when a necessary sanction is missing. Some of the abovementioned signs have not had proper examination. In particular,the sign that computer information targets the neutralization of the protection means. In the conditionsof common usage of relevant technological instruments, the introduction of this sign has broadened thecoverage of article 273 of RF Criminal Code and led to its primitive interpretation.


Face detection is an important part of any face recognition system and it is a difficult task to detect faces of arbitrary size, orientation and location. Fusion is a technique which combines the results from two or more distinct methods in such a way that better results are obtained. We propose two different fusion techniques, data fusion and sensor fusion, that combine statistical and shape based methods. Four different features, eigenweights from Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Legendre Moments (LM), Zernike Moments (ZM) and Generic Fourier Descriptor (GFD), are used for our fusion methods. In data fusion technique, the calculated eigenweights, moments, and descriptors are concatenated together to form a feature vector. This combined feature is then classified as face or non-face pattern using Support Vector Machine (SVM). In the case of sensor fusion technique, each of the feature vectors obtained by individual methods are first classified using individual SVMs. Then the class label obtained from the individual SVMs are concatenated together to form a feature vector. This feature vector is then classified using another SVM. Both the techniques produced better results compared with the individual methods. For a database containing 300 face images and 200 non-face images, both of our methods achieved 0% false rejection rate. 99.75% accuracy was achieved for data fusion method, while sensor fusion method produced 99.9% accuracy.


We present an algorithm for IEEE floating-point addition. Th e latency of the addition algorithm for double precision is roughly 24 logic levels, not including delays of latches between pipeline stages. The algorithm accepts normalized numbers , supports all four IEEE rounding modes, and outputs the correctly rounded sum/difference in the format required by the IEEE Standard. The presentation of the algorithm is technology i ndependent and can serve as basis for evaluation and comparison with other floating-point add ition algorithms.


Introduction: Suboptimal bowel preparation occurs in as many as 1 in 3 pediatric colonoscopies, often leading to missed diagnoses, procedural complications, wasted resources and increased costs. Digital Navigation Programs (DNPs) have been evidenced to improve colonoscopy preparation quality and patient satisfaction in adult patients, however few studies have investigated their impact in pediatric populations Methods: 57 children and/or their caregivers (mean age 513, range 5 3-19) who were scheduled to undergo a diagnostic and/or therapeutic colonoscopy at Valley Hospital were prescribed our customized Pediatric Colonoscopy (PC-DNP)(Rx.Health, NY).The PC-DNP sent patients automated text-messages at specific times including weight-based bowel preparation instructions, educational materials and appointment reminders. Bowel preparation quality and colonoscopy completion rates were assessed. Patients were also given the option to complete a patient satisfaction questionaire; "To help us improve our service", and "likelihood to recommend". Patient responses to the satisfaction survey were used to calculate a Net Promotor Score (NPS). Scores over 50 are "Good" and over 70 are considered "World Class". Results: Of the 57 pediatric patients who were prescribed the PC-DNP. The bowel preparation success was recorded as excellent/good for 56 (98%) of the patients, and as fair for 1 patient (Figure 1).Table 1 presents the percentage of patients with each procedure indication (abdominal pain, diarrhea, IBD, hematochezia, constipation), illeal intubation, biopsy, and found polyp. 27patients/caregivers responded to the follow-up satisfaction survey. The calculated NPS of these respondents was 87.5. Conclusion: The PC-DNP provided an automated channel for guiding pediatric patients through their pre-and post-colonoscopy care. Use of the PC-DNP was associated with improved bowel preparation quality and increased colonoscopy completion rates. All patients who engaged the PCDNP successfully completed the colonoscopy and nearly all patients, with the exception of one, had excellent/good bowel preparation. Use of the PC-DNP was also associated with high patient satisfaction and high likelihood of recommending the DNP to others, as assessed by the NPS. Future studies can further examine the benefits of DNP on improving outcomes and satisfaction of pediatric patients and/or their caregivers across different diseases. S1281


This essay explores the complex relationship between white authority and the Black Arts Movement. Conceived as a radical break from white traditions, the Black Arts Movement was intended to create a creative space, independent of white influence, through which artists could speak directly to the needs and aspirations of the black community. However, as this essay argues, the attempts to clear white presence from black art only succeeded in bringing it closer, with the radical verse of poets like Amiri Baraka, Nikki Giovanni, and Sonia Sanchez triggering the same mechanisms of repression that have long been employed to suppress black resistance. One of the results is that in the poetry itself, a tension emerges between the rhetoric of defiance and the performance of acquiescence, a tacit acknowledgment of the enduring relationship between white authority and black art in the U. S.


ABSTRACT Background: The oral vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan causes aquaresis, and its effect on heart failure is proven. However, it is not recommended in patients who are unable to appropriately respond to thirst because of possible severe hypernatremia. Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of tolvaptan treatment via nasogastric tube in patients who are unable to respond to thirst by fluid ingestion. Methods: We analyzed 70 consecutive patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) who were resistant to loop diuretics and treated with tolvaptan. From the 70 patients, 12 required endotracheal intubation under sedation (Group Tube; GT) and 58 did not (Group Oral; GO). We administered tolvaptan orally in GO; however, in GT, we had to administer tolvaptan via nasogastric tube to achieve pulmonary decongestion quickly. In GT, serum sodium level was monitored closely, and intravenous fluid infusion volume was controlled in the intensive care unit (ICU). Outcomes, including safety and efficacy parameters, were evaluated. Results: In both groups, tolvaptan treatment did not develop a significant rise in serum sodium level compared with baseline, and the incidence of worsening renal failure was comparable, despite greater net fluid loss and higher doses of loop diuretics used in patients of GT compared to GO. In GT, all patients achieved pulmonary decongestion and were weaned from mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: In sedated patients with severe CHF who are unable to respond to thirst by fluid ingestion, tolvaptan can be used without clinically significant hypernatremia under close monitoring in the ICU.


With the aim of increasing the methionine level in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and thus improving its nutritional quality, we produced transgenic alfalfa plants that expressed the Arabidopsis cystathionine gamma-synthase (AtCGS), the enzyme that controls the synthesis of the first intermediate metabolite in the methionine pathway. The AtCGS cDNA was driven by the Arabidopsis rubisco small subunit promoter to obtain expression in leaves. Thirty transgenic plants were examined for the transgene protein expression, and four lines with a high expression level were selected for further work. In these lines, the contents of methionine, S-methylmethionine (SMM), and methionine incorporated into the water-soluble protein fraction increased up to 32-fold, 19-fold, and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with that in wild-type plants. Notably, in these four transgenic lines, the levels of free cysteine (the sulphur donor for methionine synthesis), glutathione (the cysteine storage and transport form), and protein-bound cysteine increased up to 2.6-fold, 5.5-fold, and 2.3-fold, respectively, relative to that in wild-type plants. As the transgenic alfalfa plants over-expressing AtCGS had significantly higher levels of both soluble and protein-bound methionine and cysteine, they may represent a model and target system for improving the nutritional quality of forage crops.


Cadherins constitute a family of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules. P (placental)-cadherin is a 118-kd protein expressed by basal cells in epithelial tissues. P-cadherin also has been described as a soluble protein in certain biological fluids, including human serum and breast milk. Here, we report the presence of an 80-kD fragment of P-cadherin in human semen. No significant differences were found in semen samples from fertile and nonfertile patients. Our results add evidence to previous data indicating that soluble fragments of P-cadherin have a widespread distribution in bodily fluids and suggest that soluble P-cadherin might have functions other than basal epithelial cell-cell adhesion.


Based on the characteristics of the key personalities in the movie WIT ("Amar la vida") and how they interrelate, the author presents a masterly review of the excellent manner by which Swiss nursing professionals carry out their work: they do what all of us should do in their shoes. And this attractiveness is even greater since their task consists in taking care of persons at their maximum manifestation of fragility.


Backgorund: Oxidative stress is one of the main contributing factors involved in cerebral biochemical impairment. The higher susceptibility of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated damage could be attributed to several factors. For example, neurons use a greater quantity of oxygen, many parts of the brain have higher concentraton of iron, and neuronal mitochondria produce huge content of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, neuronal membranes have polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are predominantly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). OS is the imbalance between reactive oxygen species generation and cellular antioxidant potential. This may lead to various pathological conditions and diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. Objectives: In this study, we explored the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: We used different search terms like "oxidative stress and neurological disorders" "free radicals and neurodegenerative disorders" "oxidative stress, free radicals, and neurological disorders" and "association of oxidative stress with the name of disorders taken from the list of neurological disorders. We tried to summarize the source, biological effects, and physiologic functions of ROS. Results: Finally, it was noted that more than 190 neurological disorders are associated with oxidative stress. Conclusion: More elaborated studies in the future will certainly help in understanding the exact mechanism involved in neurological diseases and provide insight into revelation of therapeutic targets.


Modern data warehouses store exceedingly large amounts of data, generally considered the crown jewels of an enterprise. The amount of data maintained in such data warehouses increases significantly over time---often at a continuous pace, e.g., by gathering additional data or retaining data for longer periods to derive additional business value, but occasionally also precipitously, e.g., when consolidating disparate data warehouses and Data Marts into a single database. Having to expand a data warehouse with 100's of TB of data by a substantial portion, e.g., 100% or more is a complex and disruptive maintenance operation as it typically involves some sort of dumping and reloading of data which requires substantial downtime. In this paper we describe the methodology and mechanisms we developed in Greenplum Database to expand large-scale data warehouses in an online fashion, i.e., without noticeable downtime. At the core of our approach is a set of robust and transactionally consistent primitives that enable efficient data movement. Special emphasis was put on usability and control that lets an administrator tailor the expansion process to specific operational characteristics via priorities and schedules. We present a number of experiments to quantify the impact of an on-going expansion on query workloads.


Vein maladaptation, leading to poor long-term patency, is a serious clinical problem in patients receiving coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) or undergoing related clinical procedures that subject veins to elevated blood flow and pressure. We propose a computational model of venous adaptation to altered pressure based on a constrained mixture theory of growth and remodeling (G&R). We identify constitutive parameters that optimally match biaxial data from a mouse vena cava, then numerically subject the vein to altered pressure conditions and quantify the extent of adaptation for a biologically reasonable set of bounds for G&R parameters. We identify conditions under which a vein graft can adapt optimally and explore physiological constraints that lead to maladaptation. Finally, we test the hypothesis that a gradual, rather than a step, change in pressure will reduce maladaptation. Optimization is used to accelerate parameter identification and numerically evaluate hypotheses of vein remodeling.


We studied the spectral content and variations in time of the coda of seismic oscillations following the body and surface waves of local earthquakes. Within narrow frequency bands, the form of the envelope of the coda is remarkably stable—independent of epicenter (and therefore epicentral distance), depth of focus, and all other parameters of the source. Only the absolute amplitude of the coda differs from event to event. Similarly, the forms of the coda at two stations from the same earthquake overlap one another, differing only in absolute amplitude by a factor that is the same for all events. Hence given the form of the coda, its amplitude in any frequency band may be parameterized by one number—the amplitude at a certain time. Therefore, the spectrum of the coda as a function of time can be described as the product of two factors—one, independent of time, is dependent only on the source, and the other, reflecting the effects of the medium and the same for all sources, gives the time dependence for each frequency band. Segments of the envelopes with time can be matched by simple theories of scattering. Using the theoretical relationships, estimates of Q can be made and show that for any time interval, Q increases with frequency, approximately proportional to the square root of frequency. As longer elapsed times are considered, the estimates of Q increase, suggesting greater penetration of seismic energy into the higher Q parts of the Earth. The spectra of different events can be compared directly by comparing the spectra of the codas at the same elapsed time. Such a comparison reveals a wide variety of different source spectra. By using empirical relations among coda spectra, observed S-wave spectra, and theoretical constraints, an estimate of the spectrum radiated by the source can be calculated from the coda spectrum. Source parameters (seismic moment, corner frequency of the radiated spectrum, calculated stress drop, etc.) can be determined from coda spectra of events with many different moments and in different regions, with the same station. The results show several interesting features dependent on the seismic moments and on the regions in which the earthquakes occurred.


This paper demonstrates the effect of decoupling capacitor distance on the amount of EMI noise created at an IC's power pin. As the distance is increased, the amplitude of the noise is increased if the capacitor has been attached to the printed circuit board (PCB) with a low inductance connection. This effect is most apparent when the dielectric thickness of the PCB is greater. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the need to do this type of analysis in the time domain and not the frequency domain


A novel cooperative diversity transmission protocol is proposed for a four-node network, in which a single-antenna source communicates with an N-antenna destination with the help of two K-antenna half-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) relays. The proposed shifted successive DF relaying (SSDFR) protocol asymptotically achieves the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) the system can provide. The resulting DMT performance does not require complex coding strategies at the relays, extremely strong or weak inter-relay channel conditions, or feedback from the destination to the source, which highlights the advantages of the proposed protocol over state of the art techniques.


In this paper, we investigate pattern formation in a coupled system of reaction-diffusion equations in two spatial dimensions. These equations arise as a model of isothermal chemical autocatalysis with termination in which the orders of autocatalysis and termination, m and n, respectively, are such that 1 < n < m. We build on the preliminary work by Leach & Wei (2003, Physica D, 180, 185-209) for this coupled system in one spatial dimension, by presenting rigorous stability analysis and detailed numerical simulations for the coupled system in two spatial dimensions. We demonstrate that spotty patterns are observed over a wide parameter range.


Self-healing is an essential property of smart concrete structures. In contrast to other structural metals, shape memory alloys (SMAs) offer two unique effects: shape memory effects, and superelastic effects. Composites composed of SMA wires and conventional cements can overcome the mechanical weaknesses associated with tensile fractures in conventional concretes. Under specialized environments, the material interface between the cementitious component and the SMA materials plays an important role in achieving the enhanced mechanical performance and robustness of the SMA/cement interface. This material interface is traditionally evaluated in terms of mechanical aspects, i.e., strain–stress characteristics. However, the current work attempts to simultaneously characterize the mechanical load-displacement relationships synchronized with impedance spectroscopy as a function of displacement. Frequency-dependent impedance spectroscopy is tested as an in situ monitoring tool for structural variations in smart composites composed of non-conducting cementitious materials and conducting metals. The artificial geometry change in the SMA wires is associated with an improved anchoring action that is compatible with the smallest variation in resistance compared with prismatic SMA wires embedded into a cement matrix. The significant increase in resistance is interpreted to be associated with the slip of the SMA fibers following the elastic deformation and the debonding of the SMA fiber/matrix.


In this paper, we propose Mobility-incorporated Dynamic and Adaptive Provisioning mechanism (MDAP) which is path-level distributed admission control and resource management schemes for IP based Diffserv core network. Its goal is to guarantee predefined QoS metric regardless of user mobility maintaining high resource utilization. MDAP acts dynamically and adaptively as traffic situation and mobility patterns, in which especially utilizes global mobility behavior tendency of access domains. To guarantee QoS on the move, not only the mobility behavior tendency of the current access domain but also adjacent access domains' are closely coupled with MDAP¿s admission decision. And also MDAP dynamically manages resources based on the level of path utilization and in-out traffic rate of that path. By doing so, we can keep overall utilization high and QoS Degradation Probability (QDP) low at the same time.


Background VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are important proteins involved in the induction and development of a new blood vessel network through which the tumor is properly nourished and oxygenated. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression in endometrial cancer depending on its grade and to determine the VEGFR-1 to VEGFR-2 concentration ratio. Methods The study group consisted of 45 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13). The control group included 15 patients. VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 expression was assessed using the immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 12 PL program (StatSoft, Cracow, Poland). It included the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results Statistically significant differences in the level of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 were observed between the majority of analyzed groups (except for VEGF-B; G3 vs. G1, p=0.997700). The expression pattern of VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 was as follows: G3>G2>G1>C; VEGF-B: G2> G3> G1>C. A lower concentration of VEGFR-1 than VEGFR-2 was found regardless of the cancer grade. Conclusion VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-R1, VEGFR-2 are key proteins involved in tumor angiogenesis. The analysis of the entire panel of proteins participating in a given process is an important element of modern diagnostics. The concentration ratio of VEGFR-1 to VEGFR-2 appears to be a determining factor in the patients' survival prognosis.


Abstract.
 Phylogenetic analyses of DNA-sequence data have revealed that the southern hemisphere species of Veronica are derived from within the northern hemisphere Veronica clade. Previous analyses focussed on the species in New Zealand and included at maximum 7 of 23 species of section Labiatoides from Australia. In the present study, we used nuclear ribosomal-ITS and plastid ndhF–rpl32-spacer sequence data of all species currently recognised in Australia to analyse phylogenetic patterns. Most importantly, herbaceous species from coastal calcareous sands or limestone habitats do not form a clade with those from shady, moist forest habitats, as formerly believed, but seem to be independently derived from woody species. Incongruence between results from nuclear- and plastid-DNA markers suggest hybridisation to be an important factor in the evolution of the group. Our sample of V. parnkalliana included alleles similar to V. decorosa and V. novae-hollandiae at both loci, which suggests a hybrid origin.


Potassium accumulation occurred in leached slices of the inner medulla of the dog kidney incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37�C with glucose as substrate, but was blocked by inhibitors of glycolysis. Aerobically, only slight accumulation occurred with succinate as substrate at 37�C, and this was blocked by dinitrophenol. These findings were in contrast to those obtained with kidney cortex slices under the same conditions.


Effective exploration continues to be a significant challenge that prevents the deployment of reinforcement learning for many physical systems. This is particularly true for systems with continuous and high-dimensional state and action spaces, such as robotic manipulators. The challenge is accentuated in the sparse rewards setting, where the low-level state information required for the design of dense rewards is unavailable. Adversarial imitation learning (AIL) can partially overcome this barrier by leveraging expert-generated demonstrations of optimal behaviour and providing, essentially, a replacement for dense reward information. Unfortunately, the availability of expert demonstrations does not necessarily improve an agent's capability to explore effectively and, as we empirically show, can lead to inefficient or stagnated learning. We present Learning from Guided Play (LfGP), a framework in which we leverage expert demonstrations of, in addition to a main task, multiple auxiliary tasks. Subsequently, a hierarchical model is used to learn each task reward and policy through a modified AIL procedure, in which exploration of all tasks is enforced via a scheduler composing different tasks together. This affords many benefits: learning efficiency is improved for main tasks with challenging bottleneck transitions, expert data becomes reusable between tasks, and transfer learning through the reuse of learned auxiliary task models becomes possible. Our experimental results in a challenging multitask robotic manipulation domain indicate that our method compares favourably to supervised imitation learning and to a state-of-the-art AIL method. Code is available at https://github.com/utiasSTARS/lfgp.


Oral malignant melanoma is an infrequent neoplasia making up less than 1% of all melanomas, which exhibits much more aggressive behavior than those found on the skin. We present an aggressive case of oral malignant melanoma located on the mandibular gingiva in a 24-year-old male patient, who developed metastases to not only the regional lymph nodes but also the lungs and liver. The advanced stage of the disease contraindicated any surgical intervention and palliative chemotherapy was planned.


The possibilities for the investigation of thin-layered samples by specular and non-specular X-ray reflectivity and angle-dependent X-ray fluorescence are shown. As an example, measurements on an oxidic multilayer are discussed. Layer thickness, interface roughness and conformality, as well as compound formation at the interfaces, are found in an unambiguous way. Also, the lateral structure of the interface roughness can be described and is tentatively interpreted in terms of terrace widths.


OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of controlled-release morphine tablets combined with celecoxib in relieving osteocarcinoma-related pain and the effects of the combination on WNK1 expression. METHODS: A total of 110 patients with osteocarcinoma-related pain were selected and divided into two groups based on the treatment administered, including the control group (treated with controlled-release morphine tablets alone) and the study group (treated with a combination of controlled-release morphine tablets and celecoxib). We compared the treatment efficacy, pain level (visual analog scale (VAS)), time of onset of breakthrough pain (BTP), dose of morphine, incidence of adverse events, quality of life (QOL) score, and With-no-lysine 1 (WNK1) expression in the peripheral blood (PB) as determined with qRT-PCR before and after treatment, of the two groups. RESULTS: The total effective rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group, while the VAS score, time of onset of BTP, dose of morphine, incidence of adverse events, QOL score, and relative WNK1 expression in the PB were lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Combination treatment with controlled-release morphine tablets and celecoxib can be extensively used in the clinical setting because it effectively improves the symptoms, QOL score, and adverse effects in patients with osteocarcinoma-related pain.


This paper covers the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel. The main objective of this project is to investigate the hardness and impact properties of medium carbon steel treated at different heat treatment processes. Three types of heat treatment were performed in this project which are annealing, quenching and tempering. During annealing process, the specimens were heated at 900°C and soaked for 1 hour in the furnace. The specimens were then quenched in a medium of water and open air, respectively. The treatment was followed by tempering processes which were done at 300°C, 450°C, and 600°C with a soaking time of 2 hours for each temperature. After the heat treatment process completed, Rockwell hardness test and Charpy impact test were performed. The results collected from the Rockwell hardness test and Charpy impact test on the samples after quenching and tempering were compared and analysed. The fractured surfaces of the samples were also been examined by using Scanning Electron Microscope. It was observed that different heat treatment processes gave different hardness value and impact property to the steel. The specimen with the highest hardness was found in samples quenched in water. Besides, the microstructure obtained after tempering provided a good combination of mechanical properties due to the process reduce brittleness by increasing ductility and toughness.


During the 1990s, the Indian banking sector witnessed more reforms than most other sectors of the Indian economy. Interest rates have been deregulated, and entry into the banking sector has been liberalized. The cash reserve ratio and the statutory liquidity ratio are at their historic lows, thereby granting the banks control over a greater share of their deposit base. Banks are now allowed to invest in hithertofore contraband assets like equity. Further, non-interest income by way of fees and off-balance-sheet activities is increasingly becoming an important part of banks' revenues. Finally, banks routinely take positions in the markets for complex instruments like derivatives. At the same time, however, these financial intermediaries are supposed to maintain capital adequacy ratio at the stipulated minimum level, mark assets to market, classify assets to identify doubtful and loss loans, and make provisions for non-performing assets. Despite the spate of reforms, the Indian banking industry continues to face several problems: many banks, mostly in the public sector, continue to underperform in terms of return to assets; the volume of non-performing assets continue to be at an alarmingly high level; and the issue of deposit insurance remains hostage to the fact that about 80 percent of the deposits in the country remain in the control of public sector banks. The paper takes a close look at the issues and challenges facing the Indian banking industry. It concludes that the evolution of the banking sector in India is likely to take the form of emergence of universal or quasi-universal banks, and that, therefore, risk management and development of an appropriate regulatory system remain the main challenges facing the banking industry in the foreseeable future.


Obesity is a risk factor for the development of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. In addition to its impact on breast cancer risk, obesity has been recognized as a poor prognostic factor among breast cancer survivors. Obesity causes subclinical inflammation in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue, characterized by macrophages surrounding dead or dying adipocytes forming crown-like structures (CLS). Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by aromatase, which is encoded by CYP19. Several pro-inflammatory mediators including PGE2 and TNF-alpha are known inducers of aromatase. Utilizing a combination of preclinical models and human breast tissue samples, we demonstrated that obesity was associated with increased numbers of CLS in the breast (CLS-B), activation of the NF-κB transcription factor, increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and elevated aromatase expression. These findings raise the possibility that the obesity-inflammation-aromatase axis is important for understanding the link between obesity and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. To further explore the potential clinical significance of breast adipose inflammation, a retrospective study was carried out to investigate the relationship between CLS-B and breast cancer recurrence. The presence of CLS-B at the time of index mastectomy was associated with shortened recurrence free survival in women who develop recurrent breast cancer. Whether white adipose inflammation promotes the progression of breast cancer via local effects, systemic mechanisms, e.g., hyperinsulinemia or both is uncertain. Given the apparent significance of white adipose inflammation (CLS-B) in the pathogenesis of disease, a blood-based biomarker discovery effort has been initiated. Elevated levels of CRP, IL-6 and insulin as well as altered levels of numerous metabolites correlate with the presence of breast white adipose inflammation. Finally, the connection between obesity, adipose inflammation and cancer provides a strong rationale for attempting to develop effective anti-inflammatory interventions. This will be illustrated with findings from a recent preclinical study that utilized caloric restriction to reverse adipose inflammation and related molecular changes in the mammary glands of obese mice. Citation Format: Andrew J. Dannenberg. Obesity, inflammation and breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr SY12-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-SY12-03


Macro algae are now-a-days used as a biosorbent material for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Uptake capacity of brown algal species Padina tetrastromatica for heavy metals was evaluated in the present study. Dried biomass of this alga was utilized to assess the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Cr(II) and Zn(II) ions from wastewater. The adsorption capacity for Pb (II) was 845.5 mg/g while for Cu it was 294 mg/g. The efficiency for Pb (II) removal was greater in P.tetrastromatica (83.25%) while for Cu (II) it was 71.92%. The percent removal was less than 50% in all other metals. Above results indicated that dried biomass of seaweed is suitable for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. FT-IR, SEMEDX and XRD analyses were used to study metal-algal interaction and biosorption mechanism.


ABSTRACT The way in which young people's post-school intentions and pathways reflect their social background has been the subject of a good deal of research. However, much less attention has been paid to social differentiation in the amount and kind of career guidance information received by young people and its role in reinforcing or ameliorating social differentiation in transitions. This article contributes by examining the extent to which sources of information and guidance activities vary by social background and school social mix and the consequences of this variation for intentions to go on to higher education. The paper draws on data from a large-scale longitudinal study of young people in Ireland, the Growing Up in Ireland study. It finds that young people from more advantaged backgrounds are much more reliant on their parents as a source of information and advice, reflecting access to insider knowledge of the educational system, and are more likely to pay for private guidance services. In contrast, young people from less advantaged backgrounds and those attending schools with a concentration of working-class students are more reliant on school-based sources of information, though these resources are insufficient to boost their chances of making the transition to higher education.


The first major step of cysteine catabolism, the oxidation of cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid, is catalyzed by cysteine dioxygenase (CDO). In the present work, we utilize recombinant rat liver CDO and cysteine derivatives to elucidate structural parameters involved in substrate recognition and x-ray absorption spectroscopy to probe the interaction of the active site iron center with cysteine. Kinetic studies using cysteine structural analogs show that most are inhibitors and that a terminal functional group bearing a negative charge (e.g. a carboxylate) is required for binding. The substrate-binding site has no stringent restrictions with respect to the size of the amino acid. Lack of the amino or carboxyl groups at the α-carbon does not prevent the molecules from interacting with the active site. In fact, cysteamine is shown to be a potent activator of the enzyme without being a substrate. CDO was also rendered inactive upon complexation with the metal-binding inhibitors azide and cyanide. Unlike many non-heme iron dioxygenases that employ α-keto acids as cofactors, CDO was shown to be the only dioxygenase known to be inhibited by α-ketoglutarate.


Accurate kinematic motion control of continuum manipulators based on soft robotic technologies is considered a challenging task due to non-linear material properties, high-dimensionality, and continuous state-space. This challenge becomes even more non-trivial in systems with multiple functional capabilities. We present a hierarchical controller that generates a trajectory within the reachable workspace of the manipulator in the top tier. It is then sampled at discrete points. A sample is fed sequentially to the lower-tier, which generates the required motor commands through a novel online parametric generalized policy iteration scheme. The main contribution of the work is to test the practicality of this controller on a simulated modular soft manipulator based on two performance criteria: accuracy and timing. A single module of the manipulator comprises of three radially arranged soft actuators that have the following hypothetical multifunctional capabilities: contraction, extension, and omnidirectional bending. The manipulator is moved through a sampled circular trajectory. The algorithm is able to generate a solution in 6.92s on average for an optimized within a 0.003m accuracy limit. The robustness of the algorithm is verified by increasing the number of samples and using an unbiased starting position. This controller paves way for real-world applications of these systems.


The missionary spirit One of the reasons for the rapid growth of Pentecostalism is because it has always had a strong emphasis on mission and evangelism. From the beginning, Pentecostals and Charismatics have been involved in these activities, coming from a strong Christocentric message and pneumatological focus. Indeed, the first Pentecostals believed that the Spirit had been poured out on them in order to engage in the end-time harvest of souls that would accompany the preaching of the 'full gospel' throughout the world. Their efforts were grounded in the conviction that the Holy Spirit was the motivating power behind all such activity, and their Spirit baptism had given them different languages of the world, as the first issue of the Azusa Street newspaper declared: A minister says that God showed him twenty years ago that the divine plan for missionaries was that they might receive the gift of tongues either before going to the foreign field or on the way. It should be a sign to the heathen that the message is of God. The gift of languages can only be viewed as the Spirit gives utterance. It cannot be learned like the native tongues, but the Lord takes control of the organs of speech at will. It is emphatically, God's message.


We have studied cytosolic low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase (cLMWPTP or ACP1) in 364 healthy puerperae from the population of Penne, in 155 diabetic puerperae from the population of Rome and in 349 consecutive normal newborn infants from the population of Rome. The data from these independent samples point to a protective role of maternal ACP1 genotypes with medium-high activity against intrauterine growth retardation caused by smoking.


Increased energy performance of the building stock of European Union is seen as an important measure towards mitigating climate change, increasing resource utilisation efficiency and energy supply security. Whether to improve the supply-side, the demand-side or both is an open issue. This conflict is even more apparent in countries such as Sweden with a high penetration of district heating (DH). Many Swedish DH systems have high share of secondary energy resources such as forest industry residuals, waste material incineration and waste heat; and resource efficient cogeneration of electricity in combined heat and power (CHP) plants. When implementing an energy conservation measure (ECM) in a DH connected building stock, it will affect the operation of the whole DH system. If there are CHP plants and the cogeneration of electricity decreases due to an ECM, and this electricity is valued higher than the fuel savings, the consequences of the ECM would be negative. These complex relationships are investigated by conducting a case study on the Eskilstuna DH system, a renewable energy supply system with relatively high share of cogenerated electricity. Heat demand profiles of ECMs are determined by building energy simulation, using recently deep energy retrofitted multifamily buildings of the "Million Programme"-era in Eskilstuna as model basis. How implementing ECMs impact on the DH system's heat and electricity production under different electricity revenue scenarios has been computed and evaluated in terms of resource efficiency and CO2 emissions. The results show that different ECMs in the buildings impact differently on the DH system. Measures such as improved insulation level of the building's envelope, that decrease the heat demand's dependence to outdoor temperature, increase the amount of cogenerated electricity. While measures such as thermal solar panels, which save heat during summer, affects the absolute amount of cogenerated electricity negatively. Revenues from cogenerated electricity influence the amount of cost-effectively produced electricity much more than the impact from ECMs. Environmental benefits of the ECMs, measured in CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption, are quite small in DH systems that have high share of forest residual fuels and electricity cogeneration. The consequences can even be negative if ECMs lead to increased need of imported electricity that is produced resource inefficiently or/and by fossil fuels. However, all studied ECMs increase the relative amount of cogenerated electricity, the ratio between amount of cogenerated electricity and the heat load. This implied that all ECMs increase the overall efficiency of the Eskilstuna DH system.


AIM
Evaluation of the post-interventional success following ablative techniques (radiofrequency and microwave) using a new color coded perfusion quantification software with CEUS in patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
75 patients (60 males, 15 females, age 24-84 years, mean 62.7 years) with 128 malignant liver lesions were included in this study. Between 01/2013 and 06/2018, the therapeutic interventional procedure in 88 lesions was MWA, in 40 lesions RFA. All patients underwent CEUS using a convex multifrequency probe (1-6 MHz) following application of 1-2,4 ml sulphur hexaflouride microbubbles, before and within 24 hours following RFA and MWA to detect residual tumor tissue. Postprocessing of the stored DICOM loops from 15 sec up to 1 min using a perfusion quantification software regarding peak enhancement (pE), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT), rise time (Ri) and Wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC) in the center of the lesion, the border area and periphery was performed.

RESULTS
In patients treated with RFA, pE differences between center of the lesion vs. surrounding liver were found to be statistically extremely significant (p <  0.001), differences between center of the lesion and margin were also statistically significant (p <  0.01). mTT, TTP, WiAuC and Ri showed no significant difference between center, margin or surrounding liver.In patients treated with MWA, statistically significant differences (p <  0.05) were found for pE, Ri and mTT regarding the differences between center of lesion and surrounding. WiAuC and TTP showed no significant differences between center, margin or surrounding liver.

CONCLUSION
CEUS with perfusion imaging is a valuable supporting tool for post-interventional success control following RFA and MWA of primary and secondary liver maligancies. Focus should be placed upon pE following MWA and pE, Ri and mTT following RFA.


In the present study, we have focused on the elaboration of control of Te-doped CoSb3 thin films by RF magnetron sputtering which is an attractive technique for industrial development of thermoelectric (TE) thin films. We have successfully synthesized sputtering targets with a reliable approach in order to obtain high-quality films with controlled stoichiometry. TE properties were then probed and revealed a reliable n-type behavior characterized by poor electrical transport properties. Tellurium substitution was realized by co-sputtering deposition and allowed obtaining a significant enhancement of the power factor with promising values of PF ≈ 0.21 mW m−1 K−2 near room temperature. It is related to the Te doping effect which leads to an increase of the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity simultaneously. However, despite this large improvement, the properties remained far from the bulk material and further developments are necessary to improve the carrier mobility reduced by the thin film formatting.


During the last twenty years, Senegalese migration has shifted from West African cities to France, from France to its European neighbour countries and finally towards the United States of America. Whereas the secular French state discourages religious display, especially within public space, the more community-oriented USA is far from opposed to religious expression in the public sphere. In this article, I analyze how Senegalese migrants who have grown up in secular states (Senegal and/or France) use American public space to demonstrate their political and religious identity through the organization of special events. Even though the migrants, notably the political and religious activists, take into consideration the cultural and political differences between their different places of residence, they follow continuous strategies across their translocal spaces. Special events like the Murid Parade in July or the Senegalese presidential election campaign in spring 2000 provide rich empirical data for the analysis of the complex interaction between Senegalese inside and outside their country, their translocal networks and their connections to the local situation in New York City. The latter includes the different inhabitants of Harlem and the local geographical setting, the representatives of the state and the politics of migration, as well as the Mayor and his political program. The recently opened House of Islam, founded by members of the Murid Sufi order in Harlem, shows how deeply the Senegalese in the US are already rooted. However, the annual religious event organized by the Murids is only one demonstration of identity politics. In order to illustrate the diversity of the community, I show how the events organized during the Senegalese presidential election campaign in 2000 in New York City take into consideration the complexity of the religious, political and economic identities of the American Senegalese.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate recovery trajectories among youth athletes with a concussion and healthy controls across different domains using a quantitative and multifaceted protocol.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective repeated measures.

PARTICIPANTS
Youth athletes diagnosed with a concussion between the ages of 8 and 18 years were evaluated (1) within 10 days after injury, (2) approximately 3 weeks after injury, and (3) after return-to-play clearance. Control participants completed the same protocol.

SETTING
Sport concussion clinic.

INTERVENTIONS
N/A.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Participants underwent a multifaceted protocol that assessed symptoms (postconcussion symptom scale [PCSS]), dual-task gait, event-related potentials (ERPs), and eye tracking.

RESULTS
Sixty-seven athletes participated: 36 after concussion (age = 14.0 ± 2.6 years; 44% female) and 31 controls (age = 14.6 ± 2.2 years; 39% female). Concussion symptoms were higher for the concussion group compared with controls at the first (PCSS = 31.7 ± 18.8 vs 1.9 ± 2.9; P < 0.001) and second time points (PCSS = 10.8 ± 11.2 vs 1.8 ± 3.6; P = 0.001) but resolved by the final assessment (PCSS = 1.7 ± 3.6 vs 2.0 ± 3.8; P = 0.46). The concussion group walked slower during dual-task gait than controls at all 3 tests including after return-to-play clearance (0.83 ± 0.19 vs 0.95 ± 0.15 m/s; P = 0.049). There were no between-group differences for ERP connectivity or eye tracking. Those with concussions had a decrease in ERP connectivity recovery over the 3 time points, whereas control participants' scores increased (concussion Δ = -8.7 ± 28.0; control Δ = 13.9 ± 32.2; χ = 14.1, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Concussion is associated with altered dual-task gait speeds after resolution of concussion symptoms, but ERP and eye tracking measures did not demonstrate between-group differences across time. Some objective approaches to concussion monitoring may support with identifying deficits after concussion, but further work is required to delineate the role of gait, electrophysiological, and eye tracking methods for clinical decision-making.


Graphene, a sp hybridized two dimensional lattice of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure, has become one of the most sought-after nano-technological wonder of the past decade, the underlying reason being its distinct structure and exceptional physical properties. Its properties like, high transparency, zero valence gap, excellent material strength (100 times more than Steel), nontoxicity, high electron mobility etc., make its applications in electronics, nano-composites highly promising. A promising area where Graphene shows assurance is targeted drug delivery. Graphene and its oxide (referred as GO) are being researched extensively around the world due to their unique properties: two dimensional planar structures, non toxicity, large specific surface area and hydrophobic nature. The only concern is the availability of the suitable size of Single layer Graphene. Growth of Graphene using LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method is one of the new revolutionary ideas, which has resulted into higher yields of single layer Graphene. The LPCVD method offers incredible possibility to tailor size, composition, shape of Graphene. Once the Graphene has been harnessed, it is oxidized to form NGO (Nano Graphene Oxide). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is covalently grafted on NGO which improves the biocompatibility and solubility. Furthermore, an aromatic anti-cancer drug (doxorubicin) is stacked on the NGO-PEG, which delivers drug on a targeted location in the body.


In this study, a solvent-saving analytical strategy was validated to quantify the levels of 8 volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) in pine needles, soils and air (measured by sorbent-impregnated polyurethane foam passive samplers, SIPs). Different extraction solvents and sample handling procedures were tested and the protocol that reached the highest recoveries employed QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) and was adapted to pine needles and soils. For SIPs, another method was developed in parallel, as QuEChERS could not be applied to this matrix due to logistic and operative constraints. Thus, extraction was performed using classic Soxhlet extractors and a short clean-up step, limited to the removal of water by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column containing sodium sulphate. The quantification of the target compounds was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), with identical set-ups for the three matrices. Similar validation protocols were applied and yielded limits of detection (LODs) from 1.8 to 10.8 ng kg−1 (dry weight) for pine needles, from 3.4 to 19.8 ng kg−1 (dw) for soils and from 4.7 to 10.2 ngSIP−1 (dw) for SIPs. The overall mean recoveries were 75 ± 11%, 69 ± 17% and 87 ± 8%, respectively. The application of the methodologies to naturally contaminated samples collected in an urban and a remote site revealed siloxane levels comparable to other studies in the literature and a predominance of the cyclic siloxanes over the linear ones, which were frequently not detected.


Rodent models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been used over decades to study the immunopathogenesis of the disease and to explore intervention strategies. Nevertheless, mouse models of RA reach their limit when it comes to testing of new therapeutic approaches such as cell-based therapies. Differences between the human and the murine immune system make it difficult to draw reliable conclusions about the success of immunotherapies. To overcome this issue, humanized mouse models have been established that mimic components of the human immune system in mice. Two main strategies have been pursued for humanization: the introduction of human transgenes such as human leukocyte antigen molecules or specific T cell receptors, and the generation of mouse/human chimera by transferring human cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice. Recently, both approaches have been combined to achieve more sophisticated humanized models of autoimmune diseases. This review discusses limitations of conventional mouse models of RA-like disease and provides a closer look into studies in humanized mice exploring their usefulness and necessity as preclinical models for testing of cell-based therapies in autoimmune diseases such as RA.


The injection of dry alkaline compounds into the furnace or post-furnace regions of utility boilers to reduce SO/sub 2/ is currently under development as a lower cost option to conventional flue gas desulfurization technology. Part I of this paper focused on the science and process development of the various dry sorbent technologies. Part II will address applications of these technologies, including SO/sub 2/ removals in full-scale boilers, methodologies for designing sorbent injection systems, power plant impacts, process integration issues, and cost. Because the dry technologies use the furnace and/or ducts as the chemical contactor, potential impacts on power plant operation and reliability are as critical in assessing the commercial applicability of each technology as SO/sub 2/ removal and sorbent utilization. Consequently, the technical and economic feasibility of the various dry processes is highly site specific.


Surveillance of communicable diseases in the United States depends on the reporting of cases by primary physicians. It is widely recognized, however, that significant numbers of such cases are not reported. Reporting rates for many communicable diseases have never been determined. In this study, discharge records of 11 hospitals in Washington, DC were searched for cases of selected communicable diseases, and the percentage of these cases reported was determined. Five hundred and seventy of 93,563 (0.61%) patients hospitalized over the study period had one of these communicable diseases. Reporting rates for each were as follows: viral hepatitis, 11%; H. influenzae meningitis, 32%; salmonellosis, 42%; meningococcal meningitis, 50%; shigellosis, 62%; tuberculosis, 63%; total cases, 35%. There is indirect evidence that low reporting rates are not restricted to the area studied. Supplemental reporting by medical laboratories, hospital infection control, and record room personnel were suggested as additional soruces of case reports.


It has been shown for the first time that several photosystem-II thylakoid proteins and the main chlorophyll-a/b light-harvesting complex can be phosphorylated with inorganic pyrophosphate as phosphate donor. With pyrophosphate, as with ATP, the protein-kinase reaction is dependent on light or a strong reducing agent. The reaction which can be demonstrated in well-washed spinach thylakoids is dependent on electron transport and is controlled by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. It is suggested that the pyrophosphate-dependent thylakoid protein phosphorylation is mediated by the same kinase which is responsible for the ATP-dependent protein phosphorylation. This pyrophosphate-dependent kinase activity may be derived from an evolutionary precursor from which ATP-dependent protein phosphorylation also developed.


Abstract Although numerous media literacy training sessions on internet safety for children and adolescents have been conducted, their number contrasts sharply with the few systematic studies on their effectiveness. In this study, we describe the evaluation of nationwide-implemented training sessions on internet safety in Luxembourg, which included perceptions of learning outcomes and evaluations of implementation and effectiveness. Training data from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed, including 28,060 students and 5,031 teachers. Students reported pronounced learning effects, especially for younger students and for repeated training participation. Teachers greatly appreciated the implementation and effectiveness, which generally increased over the years. The perceived effectiveness of the training was significantly related to teachers' planning to cover internet safety topics in future lessons. The present study shows that carefully planned and continuously evaluated training sessions on internet safety successfully support children's understanding and teachers' willingness to implement internet safety in their curriculum.


In Reply.— The letter by Dr Anderson points out a problem—heavy work loads—that only 31% of the program directors perceived as a problem. We were somewhat surprised by this, but this was the response we received from program directors. We believe the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine should encourage program directors to pay attention to the actual number of working hours and perhaps produce more reasonable call schedules. The letter from Dr Pelton points out that physicians, like everyone else, are susceptible to emotional illness and can be treated. We defined an impaired resident as "one who had emotional problems and required a leave of absence from the training program."


The objectives of this research were to design and estimate an agricultural wealth account for the province of Quebec and to demonstrate how this information can be used in the decision making process. A hedonic pricing model was used to calculate the value of the agricultural wealth account based on the implicit prices of the attributes of the physical account. The estimated account includes both an estimate of the physical characteristics of the agricultural land inventory and the valuation of that inventory. The information generated from the wealth account will be used to illustrate its use to estimate "green GDP" for the agriculture sector and to account for land use and land use changes. Implicitly pricing the attributes of agricultural land provides a more flexible means of estimating the potential impact of agricultural land policy on the value of the wealth account. This method can fulfill an important informational gap about the behaviour of the asset facing various exogenous shocks.


The United States has experienced an unprecedented decline in violent crime over the last two decades. Throughout this decline, however, violent crime continued to concentrate in socially and economically disadvantaged urban neighborhoods. Using detailed homicide records from 1990 to 2010, this study examines the spatial patterning of violent crime in Chicago to determine whether or not all neighborhoods experienced decreases in violence. We find that while in absolute terms nearly all neighborhoods in the city benefited from reductions in homicide, relative inequality in crime between the city's safest and most dangerous neighborhoods actually increased by 10 percent. This increase was driven by a greater rate of decline in the city's safest neighborhoods. This crime gap can be partly attributed to the decreasing association between concentrated disadvantage and homicide in the safest neighborhoods. We also find that the decline did not significantly alter the spatial distribution of crime, as homicides remained concentrated in the initially most dangerous neighborhoods and their adjacent areas.


The Great Valley Sequence of Upper Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous strata is composed of clastic detritus eroded from the Sierran-Klamath belt, which was the site of a late Mesozoic magmatic arc. The sequence accumulated mainly as a prismatic wedge of turbidites in an asymmetric trough within the arc-trench gap. Stratigraphic variations in detrital sandstone mineralogy define five petrologic intervals, or nearly synchronous petrofacies, useful for regional correlation. By contrast, local lithofacies are markedly lenticular. The clastic debris in the sequence was derived mainly from volcanic and plutonic rocks in varying proportions. The parameters used to define the petrofacies include: (a) content of quartzose grains (Q), feldspar grains (F), and unstable lithic fragments (L) expressed as volumetric percentages of the Q-F-L population; (b) ratios of plagioclase to total feldspar (P/F) and volcanic rock fragments to total unstable lithic fragments (V/L), and (c) content of mica (M) expressed as volumetric percentage of framework sand grains. The most distinctive characteristics of the petrofacies recognized, and their approximate time-stratigraphic spans, are as follows: (1) Stony Creek (Tithonian-Neocomian): quartz-poor and feldspatholithic sandstones with high P/F, high V/L, low M; (2) Lodoga (Aptian-Albian): quartz-rich sandstones with high P/F; (3) Boxer (Cenomanian): two distinct variants with moderate P/F, one quartz-rich and the other quartz-poor and feldspatholithic; (4) Cortina (Turonian-Coniacian): two similar variants with moderate P/F, one with Q-F-L proportions nearly equal and the other quartz-poor and feld-spatholithic; (5) Rumsey (Santonian-Campanian): quartz-rich lithofeldspathic with low P/F and high M. The nature of the petrofacies and their age can be related to the petrology and timing of dated intrusive episodes with inferred volcanic accompaniments in the Sierra Nevada. The Stony Creek petrofacies contains mainly volcanic debris erupted during the Yosemite magmatic epoch, and the overlying Lodoga petrofacies contains mainly plutonic debris emplaced during the same epoch, but only exposed to erosion by subsequent dissection. The Boxer and Cortina petrofacies contain mixed and intercalated volcanic and plutonic debris derived mainly from rocks erupted or emplaced during the Huntington Lake magmatic epoch. The slight differences between the Boxer and Cortina petrofacies may indicate that plutonic contributions were partly from older rocks for the Boxer, but volcanic contributions were essentially the same for both. The Rumsey facies contains mainly plutonic debris, with subordinate volcanic debris, derived from igneous rocks of the Cathedral Range magmatic epoch. Except locally or slightly, petrofacies boundaries do not transgress time-stratigraphic boundaries in the region. A close linkage among major magmatic, tectonic, and depositional events in arc-trench systems is implied.


If single chip micro computer controls light-emitting diode(LED),it needs abundant peripheral resources,but in this way,it is not convenient to be expanded,modified and maintained.In order to overcome these shortcomings,field programmable gate array(FPGA)is used to control LED.The hardware design uses low power consumption and high performance device EP1C6Q240C8.Quartus II is the software development environment.There are three modules built under the software development environment:divided clock module,word stock module and LED dot matrix display module,and these independent modules are connected to be a whole system.Finally,32×64 dot matrix display is realized successfully.It is convenient for the customer to adjust the three independent modules according to actual demands and it is easier to realize online updation.


BACKGROUND
many heart failure disease management programs are primarily conducted in the male population. An approach incorporating disciplines such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, social work, dietary and pharmacy in a standardized clinical pathway merits further investigation in older women with HF.

METHODS
in this randomized controlled trial, female patients in the intervention group received the multidisciplinary clinical pathway consisting of a series of 12 visits over a 6-week period in an outpatient clinic.

RESULTS
ninety-one community dwelling female patients aged 63 to 89 were randomized. Comparison of change between the two groups from baseline in the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score did not show a difference (P<0.470). There was also no difference between the two groups in functional outcome as measured by change from baseline by the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (P<0.321). The treatment group had significantly more hospitalizations, and cardiologist visits during the study period (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION
It is feasible to conduct a randomized study in a frail community-based older female population and to test a complex multidisciplinary pathway. Future studies should provide insight into the optimal intensity and duration of heart failure management programs with optimal targeting.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of incident management maturity in RSJD Dr.Amino Gondohutomo, assessed from service operation based on ITIL V3 framework, providerecommendation for improvement that can be applied in the future. The data was obtained through study ofliterature, interview, and questionnaire UCISA ITIL V3 . Selection of samples based on respondents all ofuser the SIMRS and who understand about IT services in the PDE section is saturated sampling. The maturitylevel was measured by using ITIL V3 on the service operation area of the incident management process(3.22), activities needed in place for the success of incident management (3.57), incident management metrics(1.96), and incident management process interactions (3.55). And the level of incident management maturityis at level 3 (defined). It means that the process is fully defined, documented, and communicated but has not been fully managed,therefore it needs to be improved. RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo had been fulfilled 8from 9 steps of incident management processes based on ITIL V3. Recommendation for improvementstrategies that can be applied to ensure the future conditions to increase the role and responsibilities of theservice desk to be more optimal in incident management, improvement in the preparation of incident handlingprocedures and more training is required.