Objectives : To initiate and develop a treatment guideline in multidisciplinary approaches for related professions who are either working and/or living with children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders who show behavioral problems. Methods : To collect and reflect opinions from multiple professions who assumedly have different interventions or mediations on behavioral problems, a self-report survey and Focus Group Interview(FGI) were conducted for a group of child and adolescent psychiatrists, behavioral therapists, special education teachers, social welfare workers, and caregivers. Results : According to a self-report survey and FGI results from multiple professional groups, aggressive behavior is the mostly common behavioral problem necessitating urgent interventions. However, both mainly used intervention strategies and effective treatment methods were different depending on professional backgrounds, such as pharmacological treatment, parent training, and behavior therapy, even though they shared an importance of improving communication skills. In addition, there was a common understanding of necessity to include parent training in a guideline. Lastly the data suggested lack of proper treatment facilities, qualified behavior therapists, and lack of standardized treatment guideline in the field needed to be improved for a quality of current therapeutic services. Conclusion : It is supported that several subjects should be included in the guidelines, such as how to deal with aggressive behavior, parent training, and biological aspects of neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, it is expected that publishing the guideline would be helpful to above multiple professions as it is investigated that there are lack of treatment facility and qualified behavioral therapists compared to need at the moment.


Cultivated garlic, Allium sativum L. is economically important for leaves and bulbs, which historically were used in Korea for spices and condiments of Korean food as well as medicine crops. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of development and differentiation on culture of A. sativum (cv: white 6) by explant position, hormone composition and sucrose concentration in culture media. Culture method was investigated to induce shoot primordium. Culture efficiency was better with lower tissue of foliage leaf in explant position and on the medium with NAA 0.02 + BAP 1.0 mg/l in hormone composition than any other. Precocious shoot and callus were induced from shoot apex. Shoot was efficiently differentiated on 4,000 mg/l sucrose with increasing concentration of BAP. Shoot primordium was also induced with liquid rotary culture by histological observation. Rhizoid was induced from callus tissue cluster on medium with NAA 0.02 + BAP 2.0 mg/l.


Rationale Increased production of the IL-6 cytokine family is a hallmark of many human chronic inflammatory diseases including COPD. Elevated IL-6 levels are associated with increased mortality, faster rate of decline in lung function and increased exacerbation frequency in COPD. IL-6 ligation to the IL-6 receptor complex induces the JAK-STAT signalling cascade resulting in the activation of the transcription factor STAT3. Aims: to determine whether STAT3 is activated within the small airways of COPD patients. Methods STAT3 phosphorylation (STAT3p) was analysed by immunohistochemistry in small airway samples from 44 patients (COPD n = 24, smoking controls (S) n = 10 and non-smoking controls (NS) n = 10) undergoing surgical resection. BEAS-2B cells were cultured in conditioned media from alveolar macrophages (AM) +/- LPS as well as induced sputum supernatants; STAT3p was analysed by Western blot. Results Increased levels of STAT3p were detected within the small airways of COPD patients compared to S and NS controls. There were also increased numbers of STAT3p+ cells within the sub-epithelium of COPD small airways (mean 820 cells/mm2) compared to S (mean 403 cells/mm2) and NS (mean 348 cells/mm2) (ANOVA p Conclusion We propose that IL-6 released by AM activates STAT3 in the small airways of COPD patients in a corticosteroid resistant manner. Selective targeting of the IL-6-STAT3-gp130 signalling axis may provide a useful novel therapy in COPD.


Chemical cross-linking in combination with mass spectrometry has largely been used to study protein structures and protein-protein interactions. Typically, it is used in a qualitative manner to identify cross-linked sites and provide a low-resolution topological map of the interacting regions of proteins. Here, we investigate the capability of chemical cross-linking to quantify protein-protein interactions using a model system of calmodulin and substrates melittin and mastoparan. Calmodulin is a well-characterized protein which has many substrates. Melittin and mastoparan are two such substrates which bind to calmodulin in 1:1 ratios in the presence of calcium. Both the calmodulin-melittin and calmodulin-mastoparan complexes have had chemical cross-linking strategies successfully applied in the past to investigate topological properties. We utilized an excess of immobilized calmodulin on agarose beads and formed complexes with varying quantities of mastoparan and melittin. Then, we applied disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) chemical cross-linker, digested and detected cross-links through an LC-MS analytical method. We identified five interpeptide cross-links for calmodulin-melittin and three interpeptide cross-links for calmodulin-mastoparan. Using cross-linking sites of calmodulin-mastoparan, we demonstrated that mastoparan also binds in two orientations to calmodulin. We quantitatively demonstrated that both melittin and mastoparan preferentially bind to calmodulin in a parallel fashion, which is opposite to the preferred binding mode of the majority of known calmodulin binding peptides. We also demonstrated that the relative abundances of cross-linked peptide products quantitatively reflected the abundances of the calmodulin peptide complexes formed.


Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and electrical storm remain challenging conditions to manage despite the availability of various treatment modalities. Insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) remains the gold standard method for lowering the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients deemed to be at greatest risk of ventricular arrhythmias. However, ICDs do not alter the underlying substrate responsible for the arrhythmic events and a significant proportion of patients with ICDs may experience VF storm which may be life threatening and difficult to control with medication. Catheter ablation (CA) of the triggers or abnormal electrical substrate responsible for VF storm is an important treatment option in rare cases. In this article, we present an overview of the current theories underlying the mechanisms of VF and discuss how the technique of CA may be used to treat the triggers of VF and electrical storm. We review the literature on outcomes in patients who have undergone CA for VF in a variety of different settings, including those with structural heart disease and structurally normal hearts (e.g. patients with inherited arrhythmogenic diseases and idiopathic VF) and discuss the future directions in this field.


Tumors evade detection and/or clearance by the immune system via multiple mechanisms. IL-12 is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that plays a central role in immune priming. However, systemic delivery of IL-12 can result in life-threatening toxicity and therefore has shown limited efficacy at doses that can be safely administered. We developed an electroporation technique to produce highly localized IL-12 expression within tumors leading to regression of both treated and untreated lesions in animal models and in patients with a favorable safety profile. Furthermore, intratumoral tavokinogene telseplasmid electroporation can drive cellular immune responses, converting 'cold' tumors into 'hot' tumors. Clinical trials are ongoing to determine whether intratumoral tavokinogene telseplasmid electroporation synergizes with checkpoint blockade therapy in immunologically cold tumors predicted not to respond to PD-1 antibody monotherapy.


ABSTRACT The article describes vigilantism among young people in contemporary Russia, characterizes the individuals predisposed to this behavior, and presents the objective and subjective factors of vigilantism. Higher rates of violence in a society are an objective condition of vigilantism. Having considered the factors of vigilantism, the article offers several measures for lowering its prevalence among Russian young people.


Previous studies have found that younger adults detect threatening stimuli more quickly than other types of stimuli. This study examined whether older adults also show this adaptive threat-detection advantage. On each trial in the experiment, participants saw an array consisting of nine schematic faces. Eight of the faces were neutral; the ninth was neutral, angry, happy, or sad. Participants indicated whether there was a discrepant face in each array. Both older and younger adults were significantly faster to correctly detect a discrepant face when it signaled threat than when it signaled happiness or sadness. There was no age difference in this threat-detection advantage, indicating that this automatic process is maintained among older adults.


Introduction BRCA tumour testing is a crucial tool for personalised therapy of patients with ovarian cancer. Since different next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and BRCA panels are available, the NGS Italian Network proposed to assess the robustness of different technologies. Methods Six centres, using four different technologies, provided raw data of 284 cases, including 75 cases with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, for a revision blindly performed by an external bioinformatic platform. Results The third-party revision assessed that all the 284 raw data reached good quality parameters. The variant calling analysis confirmed all the 75 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, including challenging variants, achieving a concordance rate of 100% regardless of the panel, instrument and bioinformatic pipeline adopted. No additional variants were identified in the reanalysis of a subset of 41 cases. Conclusions BRCA tumour testing performed with different technologies in different centres, may achieve the realibility and reproducibility required for clinical diagnostic procedures.


Mining frequent structural patterns from graph databases is an important research problem with broad applications. Recently, we developed an effective index structure, ADI, and efficient algorithms for mining frequent patterns from large, disk-based graph databases [5], as well as constraint-based mining techniques. The techniques have been integrated into a research prototype system--- GraphMiner. In this paper, we describe a demo of GraphMiner which showcases the technical details of the index structure and the mining algorithms including their efficient implementation, the mining performance and the comparison with some state-of-the-art methods, the constraint-based graph-pattern mining techniques and the procedure of constrained graph mining, as well as mining real data sets in novel applications.


Robonaut, NASA's latest anthropomorphic robot, is designed to work in the hazards of the space environment as both an astronaut assistant and, in certain situations, an astronaut surrogate. This highly dexterous robot is now performing complex tasks under telepresence control in the Dexterous Robotics Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center that could previously only be carried out directly by humans. With 43 degrees of freedom (DOF), Robonaut is a state-of-the-art human size telemanipulator system. It has a three-DOF articulated waist and two seven-DOF arms, giving it an impressive work space for interacting with its environment. Its two five-fingered hands allow manipulation of a wide range of common tools. A pan/tilt head with multiple stereo camera systems provides data for both teleoperators and computer vision systems. Telepresence control is the main mode of operation for Robonaut. The teleoperator dons a variety of sensors to map hand, head, arm and body motions to control the robot. A distributed object-oriented network architecture links the various computers used to gather posture and joint angle data from the human operator, to control the robot, to generate video displays for the human operator and to recognize and generate human voice inputs and outputs. Distributed object-oriented software allows the same telepresence gear to be used on different robots and allows interchangable telepresence gear in the laboratory environment. New telepresence gear and new robots only need to implement a standard software interface. The Robonaut implementation is a two-tiered system using Java/Jini for distributed commands and a commercial-off-the-shelf data sharing protocol for high-speed data transmission. Experimental telepresence gear is being developed and evaluated. Force feedback devices and techniques are a focus, and their efforts on teleoperator performance of typical space operations tasks is being measured. Particularly, the augmentation of baseline Robonaut teleoperation control techniques with force feedback information is shown to significantly reduce potentially damaging contact forces and improve operator consistency.


Multimodal optimization algorithms are being adapted to deal with dynamic optimization, mainly due to their ability to provide a faster reaction to unexpected changes in the optimization surface. The faster reaction may be associated with the existence of two important attributes in population-based algorithms devoted to multimodal optimization: simultaneous maintenance of multiple local optima in the population; and self-regulation of the population size along the search. The optimization surface may be subject to variations motivated by one of two main reasons: modification of the objectives to be fulfilled and change in parameters of the problem. An immune-inspired algorithm specially designed to deal with combinatorial optimization is applied here to solve time-varying TSP instances, with the cost of going from one city to the other being a function of time. The proposal presents favorable results when compared to the results produced by a high-performance ant colony optimization algorithm of the literature.


The Year Book of Pediatrics. Edited by SYDNEY S. GELLIS. (Pp. 469. $7.50.) Year Book Publishers, Chicago. 1957-58. The Year Book of Pediatrics for 1957-58 is in the tradition and up to the standard of its very competent predecessors. The notice taken of non-American activities has been rising over the years and in the present volume more than one third of the articles abstracted are not American; thus a much broader picture of the year's work in children's medicine is presented. In a mixed bag such as this, providing something for everyone, the quality of the work abstracted will inevitably be variable, yet for anyone wishing to see what has gone on in paediatrics in the past year this book will be more valuable than any other; and if the invited comments by selected experts which follow some of the abstracts are as irritating as ever, they are in the tradition of this Year Book and one must presume that there is a demand for them in some quarters or they would not be there.


This study aims to discursively examine the ways in which Thai and non-Thai participants manage face concerns in articulating and responding to interpersonally-sensitive activities, i.e. disagreements, rejections and refusals, in Thai service encounter contexts. Data included audio- and video-recordings and field-notes from naturally-occurring interactions between Thai agents and (non-)Thai customers in two hotels, a travel agency and a tourist information centre in Thailand. A fine-grained analysis of Thai service encounters revealed that the Thai and non-Thai customers preferred implicitness to explicitness in rejecting the suggested product, in order to avoid confrontation and maintain face. Their non-confrontation, through implicitness, indicated that the participants did not take into account the unequal status between agents and customers. This behaviour, which was signaled through nonverbally and prosodically dispreferred responses, e.g. silence and hesitators, was viewed by the interactants as politic behaviour. The Thai agents also showed implicitness by withholding (dis)agreements with the customers; this implicitness is linked with face concerns and commercial goal orientedness. However, the Thai agents occasionally formulated explicit disagreements without any mitigating strategies, when they wanted to ensure that the non-Thai customers understood their meanings clearly. Explicitness also occurred when they wanted to encourage the customers to buy the product at full price. Nonetheless, there was insufficient evidence to show that the agents' explicitness was interpreted as non-politic behaviour by the non-Thai customers. This study contributes to the sparse discursive examination of verbal and nonverbal behaviour in authentic Thai institutional interactions and provides a rare insight to changes in social hierarchy and status in Thai culture.


This slim and highly readable book is a friendly introduction to many aspects of biodiversity; or, better, of biodiversity measured in species number currency. This is not to say that the authors fail to mention other dimensions, but genetic diversity and ecosystem diversity are hardly discussed outside the chapter illustrating the text of the Rio Convention. The focus is on species richness as a descriptor of the environment through time and space at temporal scales from the geological to the ecological, with good balance of plant vs. animal and aquatic vs. terrestrial aspects. Although elementary, the treatment goes far beyond the level of the pure description, and invites a causal analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of biodiversity or its components, including human agency but far from limited to it. This analytical and critical approach is well supported by an ample choice of examples, most of which are from recent research papers, thus encouraging the use of Biodiversity as recommended reading for college courses. On the other hand, the very limited recourse to technical jargon suggests a potentially wide readership among educated people in need of a primer in biodiversity. I dream of public administrators spending a couple of evenings poring over these pages. Curiously, in this book, there is no mention of two quantitative aspects of species distribution that are relevant to biodiversity at both the local and regional scales: species abundance and the size of species ranges. To be sure, the first topic has been dealt with by K. Gaston in another of his books (Gaston, 1994), but a couple of paragraphs could be spent here, too, on the relationships between biodiversity, species abundance and species ranges. This would have been even more interesting in the light of Colwell's suggestion (e.g. Colwell & Hurtt, 1994; Colwell et al ., 2004), that size and distribution of individual species ranges are possibly a key determinant of geographical gradients of biodiversity. Besides this point, there is another aspect that I would rather have seen dealt with otherwise. This is where the authors follow the well-entrenched but nevertheless unwarranted habit of presenting statistics of biodiversity in terms of numbers of higher taxa, rather than species. The problem is not so much in adopting a coarser level of description as in the more obviously arbitrary character of supraspecific taxa compared with the species. Conceptual problems in statistics of biodiversity, however, are not limited to the use of supraspecific taxa in a few comparisons. Having adopted the otherwise reasonable choice of the species as the primary unit of biodiversity, Gaston and Spicer introduce the reader to a juicy selection of species concepts (a sheer biodiversity on its own), but this analysis does not seem to guide their own use of the term in practice. The problem is not so much with bacteria, and even viruses, whose diversity in terms of named or potentially existing species is given, on equal footing, in a table whose other entries span from fungi to chordates. Neither are there great problems with the agamospecies of dandelions and brambles, bdelloid rotifers and other uniparental animals. A problem, and a big one, exists when extinct species are put on the same footing as the living ones. To be sure, there are species concepts (basically the cladistic ones) under which past and present biodiversity could be segmented, by definition, into equivalent units. In practice, however, reference is made here to named species, to Linnean binomens that for extant taxa may correspond to both biological (Mayrian) species and to cladistic ones, whereas for the fossils, they are nearly always phenetic entities with no hope of matching with ontologically more juicy units.


perspective and its expression through the formal organization of Arden's early work the plays written for the professional theatre ending with a detailed analysis of The Island of the Mighty. The author sets a context for his analysis by establishing a simple dichotomy between, 'Dominant Bourgeois Tradition' and 'Radical Alternative Tradition' that is, between 'naturalism' and those Marxist-Brechtian structures of which Brecht is the signifying example. This certainly functions to give a simple opposition between the ideologies of bourgeois naturalism and the Brecht/Arden structure, while also allowing the relationship between formal organization of a work and ideological assumptions to be exposed. However, such a simplification does have its drawbacks. That said, Malick proceeds with a clear and engaging argument, developing the major issues he isolates in Arden's work: the enlistment of popular theatre forms in the development of a plebeian perspective, the celebration and the reinstatement of community, the retelling of history and legend in the creation and validation of that perspective, and Arden's skill in the manipulation of theatrical languages. He establishes Arden first as a political playwright, and secondly as a playwright whose works provide a rich and valuable source for both study and performance. Unfortunately, the book ends before it has a chance to establish or open up a continuing discussion before, that is, it extends its terms, issues, and arguments so they may be picked up by others and developed. The book comes to an abrupt halt with Malick's energetic analysis of The Island of the Mighty. A concluding chapter would bring together the multitude of issues, both regarding Arden's work and critical discussion of theatre, and their implications. This would open, if not demand, further discussion, or at the very least direct the argument towards and encourage examination of his later work. The book ends; the discussion is closed. Malik's book does, however, examine Arden's early work in a comprehensive analytic context which develops a consciousness of the relationship between form and content, and creates practical insight into the use of theatrical devices as active participants in the meaning-making process. As Malick himself makes clear, John Arden's writing career has continued and has yet to be studied or, for the most part, seen. By bringing to the foreground the works of probably the most accomplished playwright of the modern British theatre, this volume is most welcome. One hopes that its very existence might earn more widespread attention for this exceptional, largely unappreciated playwright.


(1) Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by high heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular alterations underlying PCa development based on proteomics data. (2) Methods: Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was conducted for 22 fresh-frozen tissue specimens from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 5) and PCa (n = 17). Mann Whitney test was used to define significant differences between the two groups. Association of protein abundance with PCa progression was evaluated using Spearman correlation, followed by verification through investigating the Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atlas. Functional enrichment and interactome analysis were carried out using Metascape and String. (3) Results: Proteomics analysis identified 1433 proteins, including 145 proteins as differentially abundant between patients with PCa and BPH. In silico analysis revealed alterations in several pathways and hallmarks implicated in metabolism and signalling, represented by 67 proteins. Among the latter, 21 proteins were correlated with PCa progression at both the protein and mRNA levels. Interactome analysis of these 21 proteins predicted interactions between Myc proto-oncogene (MYC) targets, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and oxidative phosphorylation, with MYC targets having a central role. (4) Conclusions: Tissue proteomics allowed for characterization of proteins and pathways consistently affected during PCa development. Further validation of these findings is required.


Summary Optical topography measurement for aspheres and complex surfaces on the nanometer scale still leaves a gap, where available measurement systems have problems in achieving the demanded accuracy. Reasons for this are, among others, the extraordinary large dynamical range needed, the missing of absolute reference surfaces and the violation of the common path condition. A curvature-based topography measurement technique using a large-area sensor with high lateral resolution can fill this gap. The principles of such a sensor and a typical realisation are presented here. Although the primary aim is to measure the form of a surface with nanometer accuracy, e.g. photolithography lenses or mirrors, or reflection optics for synchrotron radiation, many other applications in different branches of industry, research and development will be possible, even with lower accuracy demands.


The principal component analysis network (PCANet) is asserted as a parsimonious stacking-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) instance for generic object recognition including face. However, to be regarded a CNN resemblance, PCANet lacks a nonlinearity in between two successive convolutional layers. The multilayer PCANet (by neglecting the nonlinearity pre-requisite) is also deemed far-fetched for the network depth beyond two, due to feature dimensionality explosion. We thus devise a PCANet alternative, dubbed PCANet+ in this letter, to untangle these constraints. To be more precise, conforming to the CNN essentials, PCANet+ conveys a mean-pooling unit manipulating each feature map. On top of that, we streamline the PCANet topology to permit a deep construction with an expanded PCA filter ensemble. We scrutinize the PCANet+ performance using face recognition technology and other two faces in the wild datasets, namely, labeled faces in the wild and YouTube faces. The experimental results reveal that the PCANet+ descriptor prevails over its predecessor and other stacking-based descriptors in face identification and verification, serving a baseline for ConvNets.


We developed a platform for intravital bladder two-photon microscopy (TPM) in healthy wild-type mice. It was our aim to make intravital bladder TPM simple and reproducible for researchers with access to TPM. In this study, the intact murine bladder was examined by means of autofluorescence (AF), second-harmonic generation (SHG), and different i.v. injected fluorescent dyes. All bladder layers with containing structures, such as cells, nerves, and vessels were detected in different colour-coded spectral channels, and shown in high-resolution images and real-time movies. The presented method opens up avenues for many future studies and applications, such as to reveal mechanisms and physiology in the natural state of the bladder. Researcher can use intravital bladder TPM to investigate events, such as migration and metabolism of (inflammatory) cells, nanoparticle uptake, or micro contractions in response to stimuli.


Background: Drug interactions and unwanted side effects can
cause up to 30% of admissions of elderly patiens to the
hospital. The massive OTC medications advertisement provokes
considerations, how many of these non prescribed drugs we must
calculate to be able to guess the probability of drug
interactions and unwanted side effects. On the other hand they
can influence negatively the patients compliance. Patiens and
methods: Students of 6th year of medical faculty going through
their pregraduate practice interviewed randomly selected
seniors treated by their general practitioners. They asked for
number, kinds and costs of OTC medications. These interview
were done during years 2001/2002 and results were compared with
interviews done in years 2004/2005. Results: Alltogether 252
women and 148 men of average age 78,7 years were interviewed.
The number of OTC drugs increased from 2,26 to 2,32 kinds of
drugs. These OTC medicaments were not bought at all by 34% of
pateints, 66% of seniors referred weekly or monthly buying of
these medicaments. Considering different kinds of OTC drugs 44%
of seniors buy pain killers, 58% vitamins, 37% food
supplements, 36% non steroid antiinflammatory drugs, 46% drugs
against common could, 30% laxatives. General practitioners were
informed about taken OTC by 20% of OTC byuers only.
Conclusions: Two thirds of seniors buy OTCs, so their
polypragmasia becomes even more complicated. The most important
potential among OTCs These results should remember the
necessarity of thorough assessment of patiens as for all used
drugs.


The article looks at the ways to minimize the destructive consequences of socio-cultural split in terms of values that occurred in the Russian society. The study benefits from the civilizational theory.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of furosemide on performance of Thoroughbreds racing on dirt surfaces at tracks in the United States and Canada.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

ANIMALS
All Thoroughbreds (n = 22,589) that finished a race on dirt surfaces at tracks in the United States and Canada between June 28 and July 13, 1997 in jurisdictions that allowed the use of furosemide.

PROCEDURE
Race records were analyzed by use of multivariable ANOVA procedures and logistic regression analyses to determine the effect of furosemide on estimated 6-furlong race time, estimated racing speed, race earnings, and finish position. Principal component analysis was used to create orthogonal scores from multiple collinear variables for inclusion in the models.

RESULTS
Furosemide was administered to 16,761 (74.2%) horses. Horses that received furosemide raced faster, earned more money, and were more likely to win or finish in the top 3 positions than horses that did not. The magnitude of the effect of furosemide on estimated 6-furlong race time varied with sex, with the greatest effect in males. When comparing horses of the same sex, horses receiving furosemide had an estimated 6-furlong race time that ranged from 0.56 +/- 0.04 seconds (least-squares mean +/- SE) to 1.09 +/- 0.07 seconds less than that for horses not receiving furosemide, a difference equivalent to 3 to 5.5 lengths.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Because of the pervasive use of furosemide and its apparent association with superior performance in Thoroughbred racehorses, further consideration of the use of furosemide and investigation of its effects in horses is warranted.


Objective: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is more prevalent and more likely to lead to death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes for lymphotoxin-A (LT-A) and its regulatory protein galectin-2 (LGALS2) have been implicated as genetic risk factors for acute cardiovascular events in the general population: we hypothesised that their risk alleles/genotypes (a) may be more frequent among patients with RA compared with non-RA controls (thus explaining some of the increased CVD in RA), and (b) may be more frequent among patients with RA with prevalent CVD compared with patients with RA without CVD. Methods: Genomic DNA samples were collected from 388 patients with RA and 399 local population controls without RA. LT-A gene intron 1 252A>G and LGALS2 intron 1 3279C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. Results: LT-A 252GG homozygotes were significantly more prevalent among patients with RA compared with controls (19.8% vs 11.8%, p = 0.002; ORGG/GA,AA = 1.85, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.75, p = 0.002). Patients with RA possessing LT-A 252 GG were significantly more likely to have had a myocardial infarction compared with those with LT-A 252 AA or GA (13% vs 5.5%, p = 0.02; adjusted ORGG/GA,AA = 3.03, 95% CI 1.2 to 7.68, p = 0.002). The frequency of LGALS2 polymorphisms was similar between RA and controls and was not associated with CVD among patients with RA. Conclusions: The LT-A 252GG genotype occurs more frequently among patients with RA than the general population. In RA, this genotype appears to associate with increased likelihood of suffering an myocardial infarction.


There is an accumulated body of literature on the diffusion of a variety of relatively new strategic management tools in organizations. However, there is scant research on the level of association between the adoption of these techniques and organizational performance. Investigating the diffusion of six proposed strategic management tools of the past few decades through the lens of organizational change theory, we examine the relationship between the adoption of these techniques and organizational performance in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing organizations in New Zealand. The findings suggest a significant association between the diffusion of these relatively new strategic management tools and organizational performance. The findings also show that the adoption of strategic management tools is equally important for both manufacturing and non-manufacturing organizations.


The research of augmented reality textbook is an important way to make the teaching content vivid and three-dimensional, but its development is lagging behind. This research analyzes on the basis of the principle of the augmented reality technology and its advantages for textbook development, through the case study of children's English textbook design based on augmented reality technology solutions, so as to provide implementation pattern and technical reference for development of similar textbooks.


Bina Darma University as university-based Information Technology has stepped forward in the vision and mission. One of example is the implementation of Information Technology in the academic process, such as the Academic Information Systems, and E-learning. This system would assist lecturers in teaching and learning activities such as knowing the schedule of teaching, preparing teaching materials and conducting the online grading. This applications will be built is an alternative application that allows lecture to assess student work offline by using the android platform. Previous research has been done by creating a desktop-based desktop applications with converting excel data format that is used to input grade student and then the data will be sent to the academic information system. In the process of development will be an android-based application that allowss implification of the previous application. Applications that will be designed for the lecturer can make an offline assessment to students, a feature that was added to the android app is student attendance records. The methods to be used in the development of this system is the system life cycle. The expected result is the mobile-based application with android platform that can facilitate the entry process of student grade and convert them to academic information system.


In this paper, the concept of photonic crystals (PhCs) is fundamental to the design and simulation of an all-optical device. The proposed logic device is composed of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal waveguides with a central photonic crystal ring resonator (PCRR). The new all-optical NAND logic gate is composed of two linear waveguides coupled to each other through a single compact PCRR. The plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods are used to analyze the behavior of the structure that is implemented on the operational wavelength of 1700 nm on an air wafer of only 12 µm × 12 µm. The simulation results show that the proposed all-optical NAND gate is a strong candidate to be used for ultrafast photonic integrated circuits (PICs) being highly advantageous with high transmitting power, simple design and without use of the optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials.


Green's functions for reflectionless potentials are constructed and analyzed. Green's functions for power law potentials, their Super Symmetric partners and sum rules for eigenvalues are examined. The SUSY partner potentials to power law potentials which have an additional bound state at E = 0 are constructed. 1 Green's functions Reflectionless potentials can belong to one of two categorieseither (1)potentials which support negative energy eigenstates for a Schrodinger differential operator and also have a continuous spectrum with vanishing reflection coefficients for positive energies or (2)potentials which rise to infinite values and have a only discrete spectrum with positive energy eigenvalues. 1.1 Confining potentials We first consider confining potentials which have only a bound-state spectrum with orthonormal eigenfunctions ψj and positive eigenvalues γ 2 j for the Schrodinger equation for a potential U(x) in a domain [a, b] using units in which ~ = 1 and mass m = 1/2: d2 dx2 ψj(x) = ( U − γ j ) ψj(x) (1) The orthonormal condition and the completeness relation are ∫ b a ψj(x) ψk(x) dx = δjk (2) g0(x, x ′) ≡ ∑ j ψj(x)ψj(x ′) = δ(x− x′) (3) 1 ar X iv :2 10 7. 04 33 2v 1 [ qu an tph ] 9 J ul 2 02 1 Using (1) it can be established that gk(x, x ′) ≡ ∑ j (γj) ψj(x)ψj((x ′), k = 0,±1,±2, . . . (4) d2 dx2 gk(x, x ′) = Ugk(x, x ′)− gk+2(x, x′) (5) gk+n(x, x ′) = ∫ b a gk(x, z)gn(z, x ′) dz (6) The Green's function G(x, x′) for the Schrodinger equation may be identified as corresponding to −g−2(x, x′) and G(x, x′) ≡ −g−2(x, x′) ⇒ [ d2 dx2 − U ] G(x, x′) = δ(x− x′) (7) Using (1) it can also be established that the squares of the eigenfunctions satisfy d3 dx3 ψ j (x) = 8[U − γ j ]ψj d dx ψj + 2ψ 2 j du dx (8) It follows that [ d3 dx3 − 4U d dx − 2 dx ] gk(x, x) = −4 d dx gk+2(x, x) (9) which can also be written in the integral form gk+2(x, x) = 1 4 ([( − d 2 dx2 + 4U ) gk(x, x) ] |a − 2 ∫ x a dU dy gk(y, y)dy ) (10) Knowledge of g1(x, x) enables the determination of g2k+1 through the repeated application of the integral form in (10). Knowledge of g−2(x, x) enables the determination of g−2k−2(x, x) by solving the differential equation in (9). Two boundary conditions on the solutions of the Schrodinger equation generate solutions for all x and hence give conditions on all the derivatives of the eigenstates and consequently generate boundary conditions on all the derivatives of gk guaranteeing that the third order differential equation has adequate boundary conditions to generate unique solutions. It can be seen that ∫ b a gk(x, x)dx = ∑ j ( γj )k (11) which is a set of sum rules for the eigenvalues of the Schrodinger equation for a confining potential. The sums for negative values of k may converge and the sums for positive values of k will diverge. Theorem: It can be seen that F (x, x′) ≡ f(x<)g(x>) ⇒ (12) ∫ b a ∫ b a F (x, x′)dxdx′ = ∫ b a g(x) [ ∫ x a f(x′)dx′ ] dx+ ∫ b a f(x) [ ∫ b x g(x′)dx′ ] dx (13)


In the field of seismic engineering it is common to employ dynamic analysis techniques to predict, to a certain degree of accuracy, the behaviour of a structure in the event of an earthquake. The American and European regulations specify two different types of seismic response spectra that are used for the seismic design and/or assessment for simple structures. When more complex structures are analysed, the regulations specify that more advanced analysis should be performed which consists of assessing the response of a given structure to the action of a given set of earthquake records. According to the regulations these records should be compatible with the seismic response spectrum representing the earthquake hazard of the area where the structure will be located. SelEQ, an application developed for earthquake record selection, aims to help seismic engineers in finding adequate records for dynamic analysis. It allows the users to easily filter through thousands of real records, and order them by adequacy using a root-meansquare formula to compare them with the regulation-defined spectra. SelEQ has been developed for the Web, using a 3-tier client-server architecture. It does not force the users to have any specific software installed (a simple Web browser is enough to access the application), and it is easily maintainable and extensible (since the business rules and database are kept server-side). It is hoped that SelEQ will serve as a proof-of-concept for seismic engineers, displaying the capabilities of the Web for applications shared by several users.


Objective: To explore the cleaving and inhibitory activity of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific deoxyribozymes (DRz) at both molecular and transgeneic cellular levels. Methods: According to the secondary structure of HCV 5′-noncoding region (5′-NCR) and the sites characterized with 5′…Y↓R...3′(Y=A/G,R=U/C), HCV-specific naive deoxyribozymes were designed and named DRz-232, DRz-127, DRz-84, DRz1, and the phosphorothioate deoxyribozymes (PSDRz) and mutated phosphorothioate deoxyribozymes (MPSDRz) were also designed. HCV RNA 5′-NCR was transcribed in vitro from linearized plasmid pHCV-neo and radiolabelled at its 5′-end. DRz, PSDRz or MPSDRz was respectively mixed with the substrate RNA and incubated under appropriate conditions, the cleaved products were displayed by 8% denaturated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and autoradiography, and the optical density of each band was measured to calculate cleavage rates. After that, every kind of DRz was added respectively to the cultured transgeneic HepG2 cells containing luciferase gene controlled by HCV 5′-NCR. The cells were lysed at intended time points and the activity of luciferase was measured with chemiluminescence method for calculating inhibition rates. Results: After incubated for 90 min in vitro, the cleavage rates of DRz-127, PSDRz-127, DRz1 and PSDRz1 reached 32.6%, 30.8%, 24.3% and 21.5%, respectively. No cleavage product was observed in any MPSDRz. DRz-127, PSDRz-127, DRz1 and PSDRz1 had an inhibitory rate of 53.2%, 50.6%, 44.7% and 43.3% respectively in transgeneic HepG2 cells in the first 24 h when the final dose of the DRz was 0.5 μmol/L, higher than that of the corresponding MPSDRz. There was no significant difference between the inhibitory effect of each DRz and its PSDRz in HepG2 cells, but the inhibitory rate of DRz decreased more rapidly than that of the latter with the elapse of time. The results from transfection groups were significantly better than those of non-transfection groups. Conclusion: Rationally-designed HCV-s


Background—Although the Task Force Criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) have recently been updated, the diagnosis remains challenging in the early stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of &bgr;-adrenergic stimulation in ARVC. Methods and Results—We evaluated 412 consecutive patients (213 men, age 41.5±16 years) referred for premature ventricular contractions evaluation or suspected ARVC. Isoproterenol testing was performed with continuous infusion of isoproterenol (45 &mgr;g/min) for 3 minutes. It was considered positive if there were either (1) polymorphic premature ventricular contractions with ≥1 couplet or (2) sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block excluding right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia. ARVC was diagnosed in 35 patients at initial evaluation (23 men, aged 42±15 years). Isoproterenol testing was positive in 32 of 35 (91.4%) patients with ARVC and in 42 of 377 (11.1%) patients without ARVC (P<0.0001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of isoproterenol testing to diagnose ARVC were 91.4%, 88.9%, 43.2%, and 99.1%, respectively. During a mean follow-up period of 5.6±4.4 years, 6 additional patients met diagnostic criteria for ARVC. Importantly, initial isoproterenol testing was positive in 6 of 6 (100%) of these patients. Survival free from ARVC diagnosis was significantly lower in the positive isoproterenol group than in the negative isoproterenol group (P<0.0001, exact log-rank test). Conclusions—Ventricular arrhythmogenicity during isoproterenol testing is highly sensitive (sensitivity, 91.4%) for the diagnosis of ARVC, particularly in its early stages.


By analyzing the backscattering difference between moving targets and stationary clutter contained in the interferogram, a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detecting method based on a joint metric of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferogram's magnitude and phase (IMP) for ground moving targets has been proposed in this paper. First, utilizing the exclusive mapping relationship between interferometric phase and the module of corresponding vector, and combining interferometric magnitude, a new joint metric, called IMP metric, has been constructed. Second, under the frame of multiplicative model, based on the complex Wishart-distribution, the IMP metric's statistical model, simply denoted as S0 distribution, has been derived. Meanwhile, the parametric estimators of the S0 distribution have also been presented based on the Mellin transform. Finally, the CFAR threshold of ground moving target detection using the S0 distribution has been given analytically. The experiments performed on measured dual-SAR images not only show the effectiveness of the IMP metric's statistical models and the parametric estimators, but also prove the good performance of the proposed CFAR detecting method.


It is very clear – as many journalists covering the unfolding migration and refugee crisis have pointed out – that geography lies at the heart of the events taking place in Europe and the Mediterranean. It is a story of borders and routes, of distance and proximity, and of location and accessibility. The role of (re-) bordering has been fundamental in states' attempts to 'manage' and 'control' the refugee and migrant flows and, in this respect, we observe a return to the more traditional practices of bordering – physical barriers and personnel-heavy security controls – rather than the previous processes of 'externalizing' and 'internalizing' border management. In the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans the external border of the European 'fortress' has been prised open, whilst the free-movement ethos of the Schengen area has been compromized by EU states' reactions to the large-scale movement of migrants and refugees and recent acts of terrorism. In this introductory paper we bring a critical geopolitical lens into play in order to understand the European, regional and global power geometries at work, and we critically examine the political and media rhetoric around the various discursive constructions of the migrant/refugee 'crisis', including both the negative and the Islamophobic utterances of some European leaders and the game-changing iconicity of certain media images.


Authenticated encryption (AE) is used in a wide variety of applications, potentially in settings for which it was not orig-inally designed. Recent research tries to understand what happens when AE is not used as prescribed by its designers. A question given relatively little attention is whether an AE scheme guarantees "key commitment": ciphertext should only decrypt to a valid plaintext under the key used to generate the ciphertext. Generally, AE schemes do not guarantee key commitment as it is not part of AE's design goal. Nevertheless, one would not expect this seemingly obscure property to have much impact on the security of actual products. In reality, however, products do rely on key commitment. We discuss three recent applications where missing key commitment is exploitable in practice. We provide proof-of-concept attacks via a tool that constructs AES-GCM ciphertext which can be decrypted to two plaintexts valid under a wide variety of file formats, such as PDF, Windows executables, and DICOM. Finally we discuss two solutions to add key commitment to AE schemes which have not been analyzed in the literature: a generic approach that adds an explicit key commitment scheme to the AE scheme, and a simple fix which works for AE schemes like AES-GCM and ChaCha20Poly1305, but requires separate analysis for each scheme.


Simulations were performed using the Eta Model with its eta vertical coordinate and stepwise treatment of terrain, and with a substitution of the terrain-following sigma vertical coordinate to investigate the impact of step orography on flow near high mountains. Two different cases were simulated: (i) a downslope windstorm along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, and (ii) stably stratified flow blocked by high mountains in Taiwan. Flow separation on the lee side of the mountains, previously shown to occur in idealized two-dimensional Eta simulations, was also apparent in these real data cases, even for the downslope wind event. The step orography resulted in a substantial underestimate of wind speeds to the lee of the Rockies during the windstorm. Near the surface, both the eta and sigma simulations of the Taiwan blocking event were comparable. For both events, the use of step orography resulted in much weaker mountain waves than occurred when the sigma vertical coordinate was used. Localized vertical velocity perturbations associated directly with the step corners were minor for these cases.


The 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is an important area which can be applied to face detection, gesture recognition, and 3D reconstruction. Many techniques have been reported for 3D imaging using various methods such as time of fight (TOF), stereo vision, and structured light. These methods have limitations such as use of light source, multi-camera, or complex camera system. In this paper, we propose the offset pixel aperture (OPA) technique which is implemented on a single chip so that the depth can be obtained without increasing hardware cost and adding extra light sources. 3 types of pixels including red (R), blue (B), and white (W) pixels were used for OPA technique. The aperture is located on the W pixel, which does not have a color filter. Depth performance can be increased with a higher sensitivity because we use white (W) pixels for OPA with red (R) and blue (B) pixels for imaging. The RB pixels produce a defocused image with blur, while W pixels produce a focused image. The focused image is used as a reference image to extract the depth information for 3D imaging. This image can be compared with the defocused image from RB pixels. Therefore, depth information can be extracted by comparing defocused image with focused image using the depth from defocus (DFD) method. Previously, we proposed the pixel aperture (PA) technique based on the depth from defocus (DFD). The OPA technique is expected to enable a higher depth resolution and range compared to the PA technique. The pixels with a right OPA and a left OPA are used to generate stereo image with a single chip. The pixel structure was designed and simulated. Optical performances of various offset pixel aperture structures were evaluated using optical simulation with finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.


The investigation that is the subject of this thesis intended to evaluate the
clinical value of risk factors of osteoporosis for prediction of fractures.
Osteoporosis and related fractures constitute a frequently occurring and
expanding medical problem in the elderly population. The occuiTence of skeletal
fractures is approximately five times more frequent in women aged 85 years as
compared to women aged 45 years. 1 Osteoporosis. a condition characterised by a
reduced amount of bone tissue in the skeleton. may be a major cause of the
age related increase in fracture risk.
Although osteoporosis is by no means a new disease. it has become a significant
public health problem only recently. In the past decade, the absolute
number of elderly fracture patients has grown considerably. In I 972 approximately
6000 subjects aged 65 years and over were admitted to Dutch hospitals
for treatment of a limb fracture. Ten years later, in 1982 the number of
hospital treated fracture patients of this age had increased by 65 per cent. to
more than 10.000 patients.2 These figures represent only a small fraction of all
fracture patients. since the majority of fractures will have been treated in outpatient
facilities. The rise in the absolute number of fractures may be explained
from two factors. Firstly. there has been some increase in the age specific
incidence of (hip) fractures.3 Secondly. the size of the population with a high
risk of fractures. has grown considerably. Between I 972 and 1982. the size of
the Dutch population of subjects aged 65 years and over increased by 20 per
cent: the population aged 75 years and over increased by 35 per cent: and the
female population aged 75 years and over increased by more than 45 per cent.
In the latter group the risk of fractures is particularly high.4
·5 For the future
it is expected that the absolute number of elderly subjects will continue to
increase. 6 As a consequence the "epidemic" of fractures among the elderly will
fwiher expand. The financial consequences of the large number of fractures
may be considerable. For the USA. the financial costs of osteoporosis has been estimated at 6. I billion dollar in 1983.7
In the past few years osteoporosis has become a major health issue for the
general public. The condition has been frequently discussed: both m the
professional and in the lay press. News papers and popular magazines have
regularly devoted their pages to inform the public about the disease. For the
same reason several popular books have been published. some of which had
provoking titles such as: "Osteoporosis: your head start on the prevention and
treatment of brittle bones". 8 All this publicity may add to the impression of an
epidemic disease threatening the integrity of our bones.


The results of exploratory laparotomy in 48 patients with an acute abdomen are reviewed. Overall mortality was 29 p. cent (14 cases) and was influenced by three main factors: patients over 50 years of age, multiple visceral lesions, and when exploratory laparotomy was conducted for an acute painful febrile abdominal syndrome (10 deaths in 32 cases) or during the postoperative period (4 deaths in 11 cases). In contrast, exploratory laparotomy is a benign procedure in patients with abdominal contusions. It is essential, therefore, to try to establish the diagnosis before proposing laparotomy, which should only be performed when all other diagnostic investigations have proved negative.


Disagreement among investors is pervasive. Some investors see a trend and predict continuation; others see the same trend and predict reversal. Some investors overreact; others underreact. I explain how disagreement can and does cause markets to be inefficient. And I argue that option markets are particularly vulnerable in this respect; the "volatility smile" associated with index options is one manifestation of inefficiency stemming from heterogeneous beliefs. As part of the argument, I discuss an event study about "irrational exuberance," the term Alan Greenspan, chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, used in late 1996 to describe stock market sentiment. To study this event, I combined the information gleaned from option-pricing data with other information about market sentiment to assess the impact of heterogeneous beliefs on market efficiency.


This study evaluates the prophylactic effect of the peripherally-selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, loperamide, administered topically in a liposomal gel formulation on pain, inflammation, and disease progression in the adjuvant-induced model of experimental rheumatoid arthritis in female Lewis rats. In a randomized, blinded and controlled animal trial, AIA rats were divided into six groups consisting of eleven rats per group based on the following treatments: loperamide liposomal gel, free loperamide gel, empty liposomal gel, diclofenac gel (Voltaren®), no treatment, and naive control. Topical formulations were applied daily for a maximum of 17 days—starting from day 0 at the same time as immunization. The time course of the effect of the treatments on antinocieption and inflammation was assessed using a paw pressure analgesiometer and plethysmometer, respectively. Arthritis progression was scored daily using an established scoring protocol. At the end of the study, hind paws were processed for histological analysis. Administration of loperamide liposomal gel daily across the duration of the study produced significant peripheral antinociception as expected; however, increased the severity of inflammation and accelerated arthritis progression. This was indicated by an increase in paw volume, behavioral and observational scoring, and histological analysis compared to the control groups. In particular, histology results showed an increase in pannus formation and synovial inflammation, as well as an upregulation of markers of inflammation and angiogenesis. These findings may have implications for the use of loperamide and other opioids in arthritis and potentially other chronic inflammatory diseases.


IKEv2 is a protocol for setting up VPN tunnels from a remote location
to a gateway so that the VPN client can access services in the network
behind the gateway. Currently there is no standard mechanism specified
that allows an overloaded VPN gateway or a VPN gateway that is being
shut down for maintenance to re-direct the VPN client to attach to
another gateway. This document proposes a re-direct mechanism for
IKEv2. The proposed mechanism can also be used in Mobile IPv6 to
enable the home agent to re-direct the mobile node to another home
agent.


Relevance is a, if not even the, key notion in information science in general and information retrieval in particular. This two-part critical review traces and synthesizes the scholarship on relevance over the past 30 years and provides an updated framework within which the still widely dissonant ideas and works about relevance might be interpreted and related. It is a continuation and update of a similar review that appeared in 1975 under the same title, considered here as being Part I. The present review is organized into two parts: Part II addresses the questions related to nature and manifestations of relevance, and Part III addresses questions related to relevance behavior and effects. In Part II, the nature of relevance is discussed in terms of meaning ascribed to relevance, theories used or proposed, and models that have been developed. The manifestations of relevance are classified as to several kinds of relevance that form an interdependent system of relevances. In Part III, relevance behavior and effects are synthesized using experimental and observational works that incorporate data. In both parts, each section concludes with a summary that in effect provides an interpretation and synthesis of contemporary thinking on the topic treated or suggests hypotheses for future research. Analyses of some of the major trends that shape relevance work are offered in conclusions. Prologue: How Part II and III are Connected Across Time to Part I and What This Work Is All About


Investment in distributed solar photovoltaics (PV) continues to grow exponentially. While these public-private investments in distributed PV are impressive, they will not pay off without access to the fuel that powers the panels — the sun. Sadly, the property law regimes in almost every U.S. jurisdiction do not protect solar access. This article defines the problem and lays out a solution to one aspect of the problem — management of shade pollution from trees through the creation of Solar Access Zones or SAZs that identify and restrict the planting of tree species to heights that will not interfere with the production of energy from the sun.


Abstract This research project seeks to contribute to the literature on management by presenting and testing a model of leadership linking leadership styles directly to culture type and indirectly to firm effectiveness. The authors selected a four-factor theory of leadership and examined how it directly impacted organizational culture, and indirectly impacted organizational effectiveness (via an organization's culture). Using surveys designed to measure attitudinal and behavioral indicators of organizational culture, leadership, and effectiveness, we collected data from 2,662 individuals in 311 organizations. The results generally support the hypotheses that organizational effectiveness is related to type of culture and that cultural norms are related to type of leadership styles. The results have implications for management and organizational development practices and processes. The results indicate that the leadership skills of managers and supervisors are critical factors in the creation and reinforcement of cultural norms. Furthermore, cultural norms seem to positively impact organizational effectiveness.


Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that modulates important physiological processes, such as vasodilation, in the central nervous system. A rapid, 2–4 s, mode of adenosine signaling has been recently discovered, but the relationship between this type of adenosine and blood flow change has not been characterized. In this study, adenosine and oxygen changes were simultaneously measured using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Oxygen changes occur when there is an increase in local cerebral blood flow and thus are a measure of vasodilation. About 34% of adenosine transients in the rat caudate‐putamen are correlated with a subsequent transient change in oxygen. The amount of oxygen was correlated with the concentration of adenosine release and larger adenosine transients (over 0.4 μM) always had subsequent oxygen changes. The average duration of adenosine and oxygen transients was 3.2 and 3.5 s, respectively. On average, the adenosine release starts and peaks 0.2 s prior to the oxygen. The A2a antagonist, SCH442416, decreased the number of both adenosine and oxygen transient events by about 32%. However, the A1 antagonist, DPCPX, did not significantly affect simultaneous adenosine and oxygen release. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor l‐NAME also did not affect the concentration or number of adenosine and oxygen release events. These results demonstrate that both adenosine and oxygen release are modulated via A2a receptors. The correlation of transient concentrations, time delay between adenosine and oxygen peaks, and effect of A2a receptors suggests that adenosine modulates blood flow on a rapid, sub‐second time scale.


Naturally occurring tufts of the mixotroph Thiothrix nivea blanketed the East Everglades (Dade County, Fla.) Chekika artesian well and runoff areas. The rate of HCO3− fixation by these Thiothrix tufts was determined to be 14.0 ± 5.4 nmol of HCO3− per min per mg of dry weight, which reflected a growth rate of 5.0%/h. The addition of 10 mM glucose, ribose, acetate, or pyruvate or 0.05% Casamino Acids (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) did not appear to alter the HCO3− fixation rate. Whereas 1 mM acetate or 10 mM lactate, ethanol, glycerol, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, or citrate slightly stimulated HCO3− fixation, 5 to 10 mM malate inhibited HCO3− fixation by 90%. Pure Thiothrix cultures isolated from Chekika fixed HCO3− at rates as high as 29.9 ± 2.8 nmol of HCO3− per min per mg of dry weight in the presence of growth medium. Malate did not have a suppressive effect but rather slightly stimulated in vivo HCO3− fixation.


Migration is a crucial topic for athletic career development. Despite the challenges and issues that sport migrants face, little is known about Brazilian context. On Pierre Bourdieu's sociological approach, this study aims to analyze the Brazilian men elite futsal players' job conditions and their influence on athletes' dispositions for labor sport migration. On quali–quantitative approach, interviews with 28 Brazilian men elite futsal players were thematically analyzed and quantitative data on clubs' rosters from the Brazilian National Futsal League were collected. We concluded the following aspects: (a) players' migrant disposition is a consequence of unfavorable labor conditions; (b) remaining in the same city for long period is a privilege; (c) players and relatives are submitted to constant habitus transformation because of repeated mobility and adaptations to different networks in each new city/club.


Conditionally filtered equations have recently been proposed as a basis for modeling the atmospheric boundary layer and convection. Conditional filtering decomposes the fluid into a number of categories or components, such as convective updraughts and the background environment, and derives governing equations for the dynamics of each component. Because of the novelty and unfamiliarity of these equations, it is important to establish some of their physical and mathematical properties and to examine whether their solutions might behave in counterintuitive or even unphysical ways. It is also important to understand the properties of the equations in order to develop suitable numerical solution methods. The conditionally filtered equations are shown to have conservation laws for mass, entropy, momentum or axial angular momentum, energy, and potential vorticity. The normal modes of the conditionally filtered equations include the usual acoustic, inertio‐gravity, and Rossby modes of the standard compressible Euler equations. In addition, the equations support modes with different perturbations in the different fluid components that resemble gravity modes and inertial modes but with zero pressure perturbation. These modes make no contribution to the total filter‐scale fluid motion, and their amplitude diminishes as the filter scale diminishes. Finally, it is shown that the conditionally filtered equations have a natural variational formulation, which can be used as a basis for systematically deriving consistent approximations.


The experiment was conducted at two locations in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia during the 2012 cropping season to study the effect of supplementary irrigation (SI), and N-P fertilizers on wheat (cv. HAR-2501) yield and yield components. The experiment was laid out as a two factorial RCBD design with each treatment replicated thrice. Three levels of SI and N-P fertilizers were used. Crop phenology, data on soil physical and chemical properties, water quality, grain yield and yield components were collected. Soil moisture was recorded every ten days. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using Genstat 12ed. statistical software. Crop water requirement and irrigation schedule, were analyzed using the FAO Cropwat8. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean comparison (p=0.05) of the different parameters for each treatment were analyzed. According to the ANOVA, wheat grain was significantly (p<0.05) affected by nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizers at the two sites. Application of 64-46 kg/ha N-P2O5 fertilizers and six SI increased wheat grain yield by 205.3 and 157.3% at the Endayesus and Ik sites respectively. Application of 32-23 kg/ha N- P2O5 fertilizers could be recommended for sandy soils and 64-46kg/ha N & P2O5 respectively, for clay type soils under rain-fed conditions. Based on this experiment, wheat was responsive to SI and N-P fertilizers, so, further research could be important to determine the response of the wheat to higher irrigation levels, especially for clay type soils and N-P fertilizers under the Northern Ethiopia climatic conditions, and to determine the economic feasibility of the SI and N-P fertilizers application on farmers' management practices.


The hyperfine structure of the s, p and d states of the alkaline-earth ions have been evaluated using many-body theory. Polarisation effects were included to all orders and correlation effects were estimated by comparison with the isoelectronic alkali atoms. In addition to the magnetic dipole constant A for s, p and d states, the nuclear quadrupole moment for barium and the magnetic moment for some radium isotopes were estimated.


We present a buffering streaming engine for processing top-down XSLT transformations. It consists of an analyzer and a transformer.The analyzer examines given top-down XSLT and XSD, and generates fragments which identify parts of XSD need to be buffered when XSLT is applied. The fragments are passed to the transformer which processes XSLT on an input XML document conforming to XSD. It uses auxiliary memory buffers to store temporary data and buffering is controlled according to the fragments. We describe implementation of the engine within the Xord framework and provide evaluation tests which show that the new engine is much more memory-efficient comparing to the common XSLT processors.


The Multi-Level Model of the Large, Complex IT Project. Popular approaches to the management of large, complex IT projects are inadequate in describing and enabling the formation and take-up of optimally customized project management methodologies. Before new tools and methods are developed in response, an enriched theoretical construct of the large, complex IT project is required. This is proposed as the Multi-Level Model of the Large, Complex IT Project. Among 29 main project management methodologies investigated, all describe the project as a defined initiative that can be viewed and interpreted from one level – the project's level. The Multi-Level Model is proposed to allow for the large, complex project to be interpreted, planned for and managed uniquely on every inter- and intra-organisational level at which a function of the project is delivered. This highly customisable approach allows for different parts of the project to each be subjected to an optimally customized methodology, offering a valuable advantage over the single approach per project or portfolio. The spirit of the time may lean towards deconstruction and simplified approaches, but the Multi-Level Model rather offers the requisite variety in order navigate complexity.


Individuals who are not clinically diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but still display obsessive-compulsive (OC) tendencies may show cognitive impairments. The present study investigated whether there are subgroups within a healthy group showing characteristic cognitive and emotional performance levels similar to those found in OCD patients and whether they differ from OCD subgroups regarding performance levels. Of interest are those cases showing subclinical symptomatology. The results revealed no impairments in the subclinical OC participants on the neuropsychological tasks, while evidence suggests that there exist high and low scores on two standardised clinical instruments (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Cognitive Assessment Instrument of Obsessions and Compulsions) in a healthy sample. OC symptoms may diminish the quality of life and prolong sustainable return to work. It may be that occupational rehabilitation programmes are more effective in rectifying subclinical OC tendencies compared to the often complex symptoms of diagnosed OCD patients. The relationship between cognitive style and subclinical OC symptoms is discussed in terms of how materials and information might be processed. Although subclinical OC tendencies would not seem to constitute a diagnosis of OCD, the quality of treatment programmes such as cognitive behavioural therapy can be improved based on the current investigation.


Benthic box core sampling along a transect off Panama City, Florida, in the vicinity of the DeSoto Canyon, from 37-m to 200-m depths, were run throughout the Bureau of Land Management's Outer Continental Shelf environmental assessment program for the Mississippi-Alabama-Florida (MAFLA) area from 1974 through 1978. Seasonal samples were taken and analyzed for benthic distribution, abundance, diversity, and faunal affinities.

The most striking feature brought out by foraminiferal analyses was the mixture of foraminifera from different depth zones. Species normally found in abundance only at depths of > 100 m in adjacent areas were living at all shallower depths, including 37 m. Coexisting with the deeper assemblage were all of the species normally encountered at the shallow depths. Species diversity, normally showing a progressional increase from inner to outer shelf, either remained constant or decreased due to the decrease of shallow-water species with depth. Along with this mixed assemblage, there was a planktonic foraminiferal content in the shallowest assemblage of as much as 25%. Normally, planktonic percentage of similar water depths is 0%. Seasonality had minor effects on the assemblages.

The planktonic content is attributed to Loop Current water providing open-Gulf water to the inner shelf. Because the Loop Current is intermittent, the consistently high percentages of deeper-water species on the inner shelf must be attributed to up-welling currents providing cooler, deeper water to the inner shelf. However, since this deeper water did not restrict survival of shallow-water species, multiple factors must be considered for controlling benthic foraminiferal distribution.


OBJECTIVE
Yes-associated protein (Yes-associated protein 1 [YAP1]) is an important oncogene that is related to the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer. It was found that miR-424-5p expression was significantly decreased in liver cancer tissues, revealing its anticancer effect. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated the targeted relationship between miR-424-5p and the 3' untranslated region of YAP1. This study investigated the role of miR-424-5p in regulating YAP1 expression and affecting hepatoma cell proliferation and apoptosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Tumors and normal liver tissues adjacent to tumors were collected from patients to detect the expression of miR-424-5p and YAP1. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was adopted to explore the targeted regulation between miR-424-5p and YAP1. Liver cancer HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cells and normal liver HL-7702 cells were cultured in vitro to compare expression levels of miR-424-5p and YAP1. HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cells were divided into the miR-NC group and miR-424-5p mimic group. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was determined by EdU staining.

RESULTS
Compared with normal liver tissue, miR-424-5p expression was significantly decreased, while YAP1 mRNA and protein levels were obviously upregulated in liver cancer tissues, which were related to the clinical stage. A negative correlation was found between miR-424-5p and YAP1 mRNA levels in liver cancer tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the targeted relationship between miR-424-5p and YAP1. miR-424-5p expression in HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cells decreased compared with L20 cells, which correlated with malignancy. YAP1 level in HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cells was significantly enhanced, which correlated with malignancy. miR-424-5p mimic transfection significantly downregulated YAP1 expression in HCCLM3 and MHCC97-L cells, resulting in enhanced apoptosis and attenuated cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS
Decreased miR-424-5p expression and increased YAP1 expression are found in patients with liver cancer. Increased miR-424-5p can inhibit YAP1 expression, attenuate hepatoma cell proliferation, and induce cell apoptosis.


Color centers in diamond are widely explored for applications in quantum sensing, computing, and networking. Their optical, spin, and charge properties have extensively been studied, while their interactions with itinerant carriers are relatively unexplored. Here, we show that NV centers situated 10 ± 5 nm of the diamond surface can be converted to the neutral charge state via hole capture. By measuring the hole capture rate, we extract the capture cross section, which is suppressed by proximity to the diamond surface. The distance dependence is consistent with a carrier diffusion model, indicating that the itinerant carrier lifetime can be long, even at the diamond surface. Measuring dynamics of near-surface NV centers offers a tool for characterizing the diamond surface and investigating charge transport in diamond devices.


The convergence of financial technology (fintech) and traditional banking is reshaping the financial landscape, with fintech startups emerging as agile competitors to established banks. This paradigm shift is driven by cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and data analytics, enabling fintech to offer efficient, user-centric financial services. Initiatives like open banking and open finance are fostering collaboration and innovation, while regulatory frameworks like the European Data Strategy and Digital Finance Strategy are promoting competition and consumer protection. Bank-fintech partnerships are a cornerstone of this transformation, allowing traditional banks to enhance services, streamline processes, and deploy innovations. The current paper explores the dynamics between fintech and banks, their partnerships, and the future landscape they collectively shape. It concludes by emphasizing the collaborative potential of these entities to drive innovation, offer diversified financial solutions, and navigate the challenges of regulatory intricacies and customer trust. The fintech revolution is not just a disruption; it signifies a new era of innovation, inclusivity, and enhanced value for consumers in the financial industry.


The big data acquired by AIS system contains abundant maritime traffic information. With the wide application of data mining in various fields in recent years, the mining on AIS data has draw attention of related researchers. Based on the ship AIS location data, this paper studies the relevant spot area detection algorithm. Firstly, the sample data are pre-processed from the original data, and the residence point of each ship is identified according to the ship speed and course change. Then a DBSCAN based clustering algorithm is used to cluster several latitude and longitude lattice, that is spot areas. The experiments on real AIS data sets shows that the algorithm is efficient and correct.


Abstract:The present article is an integrative study of rabbinic sources in tandem with gospel pericopes, Pauline passages, and a passage of the Duae viae (included in the Didache). I contend that all these sources are variants of a Jewish tradition composed of two elements: (a) a maxim—the golden rule—or an equivalent biblical verse, Lev 19:18b; (b) an assertion that this maxim or verse summarizes the torah, or is the core of the whole torah (the difference in Hebrew is between kǝlāl, "rule," and kōl, "whole"). The wording of these variants cuts across the putative division between the various corpora. Observing the pluriformity of this tradition is important for the study of both the New Testament and rabbinic literature, the focus of the present article. This study demonstrates that early phraseology may be preserved in late rabbinic texts, which thus problematizes the "synoptic problem" of rabbinic literature (and, mutatis mutandis, of the gospels). Similar wording should not blur different contents; affinities should not obscure inherent dynamics. The potential for a radical interpretation of the formulation that "the whole torah" is encapsulated in one verse or maxim has not been realized in rabbinic literature; the radical potential of the formulation was realized and developed by Paul in Gal 5:14.


With the development of computer science, artificial intelligence is gradually applied into all aspects of human life. A new discipline is produced in artificial intelligence image processing, that is, machine vision. Machine vision is the forefront of interdisciplinary research, and it is different from the study of human or animal vision, which is to use geometric, physical and learning techniques to build the model, using statistical methods to deal with data. Machine vision refers to the computer achieving the human visual function of perception, recognition and understanding in the objective world of three-dimensional scene. This paper introduces the research content and the development history of machine vision, and it summarizes the related application research of machine vision. Finally, we put forward the existing problems and give the direction of future research.


The kinematic patterns of all limbs of 11 clinically nonlame Dutch Warmblood horses were studied during induced supporting limb lameness to gain insight into the compensation mechanisms horses use to manage lameness and to test kinematic limb variables for their significance as lameness indicators. Using the locomotion analysis system CODA-3, the kinematics of the horses were recorded while walking (1.6 m/s) and trotting (3.5 m/s) on a treadmill. A transient lameness model, evoking pressure on the hoof sole, was used to induce 3 degrees of fore- and hindlimb lameness. Joint angle patterns and hoof movements were analysed using joint angle/time diagrams and the hoof trajectories in the sagittal plane. Quantitative analysis of 13 selected variables in each limb was done using a 2-way analysis of variance. Hyperextension of the fetlock joint and flexion of the coffin joint during the stance phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the lame limb, both in fore- and hindlimb lameness, at both gaits. In the contralateral nonlame limbs both variables increased compensatorily. Flexion increased with increasing lameness in the proximal joints, i.e. the shoulder joint and even more the tarsal joint of the lame limb. The retraction of both forelimbs decreased during forelimb lameness at the walk, while in the lame hindlimb the protraction decreased. The hoof arcs were lower in the lame limb than in the nonlame limb, due to an increased hoof height in the nonlame limb during forelimb lameness and to a decreased height in the lame limb during hindlimb lameness. It was concluded that patterns of the distal joints reflect the different loadings of the limbs during lameness. Proximal joints acted as load dampers to reduce peak forces in the lame limb. Hyperextension of the fetlock and flexion of the coffin joint proved to be the most sensitive indicators for fore- and hindlimb lameness.


SQL injection attacks are one of the top-most threats for applications written for the Web. These attacks are launched through specially crafted user inputs, on Web applications that use low-level string operations to construct SQL queries. In this work, we exhibit a novel and powerful scheme for automatically transforming Web applications to render them safe against all SQL injection attacks.
 A characteristic diagnostic feature of SQL injection attacks is that they change the intended structure of queries issued. Our technique for detecting SQL injection is to dynamically mine the programmer-intended query structure on any input, and detect attacks by comparing it against the structure of the actual query issued. We propose a simple and novel mechanism, called Candid, for mining programmer intended queries by dynamically evaluating runs over benign candidate inputs. This mechanism is theoretically well founded and is based on inferring intended queries by considering the symbolic query computed on a program run. Our approach has been implemented in a tool called Candid that retrofits Web applications written in Java to defend them against SQL injection attacks. We have also implemented Candid by modifying a Java Virtual Machine, which safeguards applications without requiring retrofitting. We report extensive experimental results that show that our approach performs remarkably well in practice.


Background: Anaemia is known to be associated with diabetes; moreover, with the increasing cases of diabetes there is need for the use of more affordable alternative herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes and anaemia. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and haematinic properties of Artocarpus heteropyllus on diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Ethanol leaf extract of Artocarpus heteropyllus was screened for phytochemicals and its acute toxicity was tested on mice. Induction of diabetes was done at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w) (with exception of the control group). The extract was administered to rats for a period of 7 days at 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg b.w, respectively, following induction. Blood samples of rats were tested for fasting blood sugar (FBS), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin, neutrophil lymphocyte and eosinophil counts.
Results: The ethanol leaf extract of A. heterophyllus showed no mortality up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg b.w. Administration of the extract to diabetic rats resulted in a decrease in the FBS of diabetic rat, and significant increases (p< 0.05) in RBC, PCV, WBC and haemoglobin levels.
Conclusion: The ethanol leaf extract of A. heterophyllus increased the haematological indices of diabetic rats. Our findings support the use of this plant as an herbal alternative in the treatment of diabetes and anaemia associated diabetes.


This research attempts to explore the nature of current selection practices in Malaysia with particular reference to managerial jobs. The objectives of the study were to examine the level of personal knowledge of and the extend of the company usage of selection techniques. Furthermore, this study also looked at the effectiveness of selection
techniques in terms of how predictive of future job performance they are as perceived by human resource manager. The findings on selection revealed that the person responding scored higher on knowledge on the average that the company did on its usage. The results affirm the continuing popularity of the traditionally used selection techniques such as the application form, resume, interview
and reference checks. Seven of the selection techniques such as job knowledge tests, structured interview, preliminary interview, reference check, resume, medical examinations and performance appraisal were rated as above average in their ability to predict employees' job performance.


The aim of the study was to investigate whether growth parameters at birth and age 1 year were associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the Danish population and to what extent this explains the increase in T1D incidence. The study is a population-based case-control study; it compares 490 cases from the Danish diabetes register 1996-99 aged 0-14 years and 696 randomly selected controls (2 per case) from the population register matched for gender and date of birth. We found an increased risk of T1D during childhood in children with a body mass index (BMI) on or above two standard deviations at age 1 year (OR = 3.77 [95% CI 1.41, 10.1]). Children developing diabetes were significantly taller at age 1 year (OR = 1.04 [95% CI 1.00, 1.08]). Children born 1981-99 have significantly higher BMI and weight at birth and a significantly lower BMI and weight at age 1 year compared with children born 1966-74. Thus the increasing incidence of T1D could not be explained by changes in growth parameters at birth or at age 1 year.


Cytokinesis is a fundamental cellular process, which ensures equal abscission and fosters diploid progenies. Aberrant cytokinesis may result in genomic instability and cell transformation. However, the underlying regulatory machinery of cytokinesis is largely undefined. Here, we demonstrate that Nlp (Ninein-like protein), a recently identified BRCA1-associated centrosomal protein that is required for centrosomes maturation at interphase and spindle formation in mitosis, also contributes to the accomplishment of cytokinesis. Through immunofluorescent analysis, Nlp is found to localize at midbody during cytokinesis. Depletion of endogenous Nlp triggers aborted division and subsequently leads to multinucleated phenotypes. Nlp can be recruited by Aurora B to the midbody apparatus via their physical association at the late stage of mitosis. Disruption of their interaction induces aborted cytokinesis. Importantly, Nlp is characterized as a novel substrate of Aurora B and can be phosphorylated by Aurora B. The specific phosphorylation sites are mapped at Ser-185, Ser-448, and Ser-585. The phosphorylation at Ser-448 and Ser-585 is likely required for Nlp association with Aurora B and localization at midbody. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation at Ser-185 is vital to Nlp protein stability. Disruptions of these phosphorylation sites abolish cytokinesis and lead to chromosomal instability. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that regulation of Nlp by Aurora B is critical for the completion of cytokinesis, providing novel insights into understanding the machinery of cell cycle progression.


Introduction. In this era of high-tech medicine, it is becoming increasingly important to assess patient satisfaction. There are several methods to do so, but these differ greatly in terms of cost, time, and labour and external validity. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the structure and implementation of different methods to assess the satisfaction of patients in an emergency department. Methods. The structure and implementation of the different methods to assess patient satisfaction were evaluated on the basis of a 90-minute standardised interview. Results. We identified a total of six different methods in six different hospitals. The average number of patients assessed was 5012, with a range from 230 (M5) to 20 000 patients (M2). In four methods (M1, M3, M5, and M6), the questionnaire was composed by a specialised external institute. In two methods, the questionnaire was created by the hospital itself (M2, M4).The median response rate was 58.4% (range 9–97.8%). With a reminder, the response rate increased by 60% (M3). Conclusion. The ideal method to assess patient satisfaction in the emergency department setting is to use a patient-based, in-emergency department-based assessment of patient satisfaction, planned and guided by expert personnel.


The incidence of cisplatin-derived hyponatremia remains unknown, although nausea, vomiting, and renal dysfunction are common adverse events of cisplatin, a platinum-based preparation. The factor contributing to hyponatremia is described but not well known. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the incidence of hyponatremia, timing, and associated risk factors. This study surveyed patients with lung cancer who received cisplatin chemotherapy from August 2013 to July 2019 at Shizuoka Cancer Center. The severity of hyponatremia was evaluated based on Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. A total of 814 patients were included in this study. 682 (83.7%) patients had hyponatremia of any grade: grade 1 (<135-130 mmol/L), grade 3 (<130-120 mmol/L), and grade 4 (<120 mmol/L) hyponatremia were observed in 619 (76.0%), 51 (6.3%), and 12 (1.5%) patients, respectively. Of 63 patients with grade 3-4 hyponatremia, 43 (68.3%) developed it in the first treatment cycle. In multivariate analysis, the short hydration regimen (<3000 mL/day) has a lower incidence of grade 3-4 hyponatremia than a normal (>3000 mL) hydration regimen (OR: 0.35 [0.16-0.80], p = 0.013). In addition, if the Na+ value before the start of administration is < 135mmol/L, the incidence of grade3 and 4 hyponatremia is higher (OR:0.14 [0.07-0.28], p < 0.001). Hyponatremia due to cisplatin is likely to occur in patients with low Na levels before administration, such as the elderly. Since short hydration might avoid diuretics, hydration methods might need to be reconsidered to prevent hyponatremia.


Tyrosine 3‐monooxygenase/tryptophan 5‐monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide (YWHAE), on chromosome 17p13.3, has been shown to play a crucial role in neuronal development. The deletion of YWHAE, but not platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform 1b, subunit 1 (PAFAH1B1), underlies a newly recognized neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by significant growth retardation, developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), distinctive facial appearance, and brain abnormalities. Here, we report on a girl with a terminal deletion of 17p13.3, including YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1, showing normal brain structure on MRI. She had mild developmental delay, a distinctive facial appearance, and severe growth retardation despite normal growth hormone levels, which was improved by growth hormone therapy. Expression analysis of YWHAE and PAFAH1B1 yielded results consistent with array CGH and FISH results. These results indicate that the dosage effect of YWHAE varies from severe to very mild structural brain abnormalities, and suggest that the expression of YWHAE is associated with a complex mechanism of neuronal development. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This paper presents a new approach of contouring electric discharge machining (EDM) by means of the on-machine measuring and dressing of a ball-nosed cylindrical graphite electrode. The on-machine measuring is done in order to detect electrode wear by a laser range sensor. The on-machine dressing is carried out by turning the electrode with a disk shaped cutting tool fixed in the EDM machine. Machining experiments by contouring EDM have been performed and their results are compared with those by diesinking EDM in terms of the total machining time, electrode cost and machining error. Their results support the efficiency and validity of contouring EDM.


A basic task in explainable AI (XAI) is to identify the most important features behind a prediction made by a black box function $f$. The insertion and deletion tests of Petsiuk et al. (2018) can be used to judge the quality of algorithms that rank pixels from most to least important for a classification. Motivated by regression problems we establish a formula for their area under the curve (AUC) criteria in terms of certain main effects and interactions in an anchored decomposition of $f$. We find an expression for the expected value of the AUC under a random ordering of inputs to $f$ and propose an alternative area above a straight line for the regression setting. We use this criterion to compare feature importances computed by integrated gradients (IG) to those computed by Kernel SHAP (KS) as well as LIME, DeepLIFT, vanilla gradient and input$\times$gradient methods. KS has the best overall performance in two datasets we consider but it is very expensive to compute. We find that IG is nearly as good as KS while being much faster. Our comparison problems include some binary inputs that pose a challenge to IG because it must use values between the possible variable levels and so we consider ways to handle binary variables in IG. We show that sorting variables by their Shapley value does not necessarily give the optimal ordering for an insertion-deletion test. It will however do that for monotone functions of additive models, such as logistic regression.


The article is devoted to the problems of the criminal liability for crimes covered by article 205.2 of theCriminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of legislation and scientific principles theauthor gives a refined description of the most controversial elements of crimes covered by article 205.2 of theCriminal Code of the Russian Federation. They are a subject and an objective side. Information containingincitement to terrorist activity, justifying or promoting terrorism is considered as the subject of crimes under article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article offers recommendationsfor interpretation of the signs of the subject and the objective side of the crime under article 205.2 of theCriminal Code of the Russian Federation and qualification of these crimes.


This study aims to determine the effect of planning (X1), implementation and administration (X2) variables on accountability (Y). The object of this research is BUMDes in Bengkalis Regency, Riau. The method of determining the sample in this study using purposive sampling with a total sample of 32 BUMDes. The results of the study prove that the planning (X1), implementation and administration (X2) variables for accountability (Y) are partially or simultaneously. This proves that in BUMDes management, planning and implementation as well as administration in accordance with regulations and standard operating procedures will have an impact on optimal BUMDes management accountability.
Keywords: Planning, Implementation, Administration, Accountability, BUMDes.


Hematologic examinations made during the past ten months in a base hospital in France on certain gassed patients (mustard gas) offer strong evidence that the deleterious action of the poison on the blood and bone marrow is an important factor in prognosis in many cases. The first change in the circulating blood—apparently due to a stimulus to the bone marrow—is an increase in the erythrocyte and leukocyte count, that naturally varies greatly with the severity of the gassing and the individual's reactive powers. In view of the disproportionate increase of red and white cells, change in Arneth scale, etc., the possibility of this being due to a greater concentration of the blood may safely be disregarded. The leukocyte rise (due to the polymorphonuclear elements) may be as high as 36,000 per cubic millimeter, and in the present series averaged 12,000. Enumeration of the lobes of the nuclei (Arneth count) shows