Integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network is envisioned as a novel network architecture for increasing the network capacity and coverage. To facilitate the IAB network, the appropriate methods of wireless link association and resource management are required. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimization problem of association and resource allocation in terms of subchannel and power for IAB network. In particular, we handle the association and resource allocation problems for wireless backhaul and access links considering multi-hop backhauling. Since the optimization problem for IAB network is formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP), we divide it into three subproblems for association, subchannel allocation, and power allocation, respectively, and these subproblems are solved alternatively to obtain a local optimal solution. For the association problem, we adopt the Lagrangian duality approach to configure the backhaul and access links and successive convex approximation (SCA) approach is used to solve the subchannel and power allocation problems efficiently. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than single-hop backhauling based network and enhances the capacity and coverage by configuring the multi-hop backhauling.


Patients must be thoroughly tested for their suitability for a cochlear implant. Promontory testing and electrocochleography are of fundamental importance. It is possible to distinguish sensory deafness from other forms by combining the results of both tests. The implantation of intracochlear electrodes requires exact information of the anatomy of the cochlea, the tympanic wall of the cochlea and the endocochlear space. This can be assessed by axial high resolution computed tomographic scans. 8 of 70 patients were inoperable because of cochlea lesions (fractures or malformations). The advantage of computer tomography compared to conventional tomography is the fact that radiation exposure is less while the resolution is nearly the same. If computer tomography and conventional tomography do not reveal any fractures an exploratory tympanotomy should precede the cochlear implant operation in patients with a history of cranio-cerebral trauma.


Abstract:The growing role of local governments and municipalities in international relations has become a significant trend that has shaped new dynamics in global affairs. By analysing Guangdong's subnational diplomacy and Guangzhou city's diplomacy activities, this article aims to investigate whether, and to what extent, Chinese provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities possess the freedom to act independently in planning, organising and managing their internationalisation processes. The article also debates the growing role of centralisation inside China and its impact on shaping local governments international activities. Using the case study of Guangdong and Guangzhou, the author examines the following questions: How do both provincial and local governments conduct their activities under China's foreign policy framework? How does the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) impact the foreign activities of Guangdong and Guangzhou? Does China's central government attempt to make the division of labour among different provincial and city governments and how do both perceive themselves under the BRI "umbrella"? Through the analysis of the city, bilateral and multilateral activities and interviews conducted in Guangzhou and Guangdong Foreign Affairs Offices as well as with diplomatic personnel of the foreign countries, the author explores the dual-usage of city diplomacy in China's foreign policy from both economic and local development-oriented goals to its strategic role in regional and global affairs.


At the HCA Center for Health Excellence in Houston, "R&R" stands for more than rest and relaxation--it also means recruitment and retention of physicians.


Objective: To study the antigenotoxic effect of Piper betle leaves in Gamma irradiation and Cyclophosphamide treated animals. Materials and methods: Swiss albino mice were given 50% methanolic extract (100mg/kg body weight.) of Piper betle leaves and antigenotoxic effect was studied after whole body gamma irradiation (4Gy) & cyclophosphamide (50mg/kg body weight.) treatment. Bone marrow protection was studied by scoring aberration in metaphase chromosomes. Results: No drug toxicity was observed at given dose (100mg/kg body weight.) Methanol extract ½ hr prior to irradiation protects animals against Gamma irradiation & Cyclophosphamide treatment.


The sex aetates mundi constituted the defining framework for understanding biblical and salvation history in the Early Christian and Late Antique worlds. The origins of the idea that history can be divided into six epochs, each lasting roughly a thousand years, are commonly attributed to Augustine of Hippo. Although Augustine's engagement with this notion significantly influenced its later popularity due to the prolific circulation of his works, he was by no means the sole progenitor of this concept. This bipartite study undertakes the first conspectus in English-speaking scholarship to date of the origins and evolution of the sex aetates mundi. Part I of this study traces the early origins of historiographical periodisation in writings from classical and biblical antiquity, taking account in particular of the role of numerology and notions of historical eras that are present in biblical texts. Expressions of the world ages in the writings of the Church Fathers are then traced in detail. Due consideration is afforded to attendant issues that influenced the six ages, including calendrical debates concerning the age of the world and the evolution of eschatological, apocalyptic, and millenarian thought. Overall, this article surveys the myriad intellectual and exegetical currents that converged in Early Christianity and Late Antiquity to create this sixfold historiographical and theological framework. The first instalment of this study lays the groundwork for understanding Augustine's engagement with this motif in his writings, which is treated in Part II.


The growing world population creates increasing pressure on the economic growth and the environment. Since the times of Malthus and Smith there has been studies linking population growth and agriculture. We have looked further into the subject; we studied the relationship between agricultural subsidy policies and population growth in an agricultural dependent society. The theoretical model predicted an increased fertility rate and a decreased mortality rate as an effect of an increase in agricultural subsidies e.g. subsidized fertilizers. To examine the significance of our theories we performed an econometric study of Nigeria's different regions during the years 2001-2005. Nigeria has a history of subsidizing fertilizer use and had during the time period a subsidy of 25 percent of landed cost. We found that agricultural policies likely decrease mortality rates in the regions studied. We did not find any significance on an increased fertility. The main objective with the agricultural policy was to increase agricultural production, but as a secondary effect it obtained population growth by decreasing mortality rates. A decreasing mortality is often an indication of the increased wealth of the population. Subsidizing fertilizers in a country such as Nigeria is from this point of view positive for the well-being of its population.


Micromorphic linguliform brachiopods are described for the first time from the Furongian part of the Cambrian Mila Formation, eastern Alborz Mountains, Iran. The assemblage is dominated by acrotretides, including Dactylotreta lamellosa n. sp. and Ottenbyella hyrcanica n. sp. as well as species of the new genera Tapuritreta (T. angusta n. sp.) and Sadrocarta (S. delicatus). The siphonotretide Siphonobolus sp. also occurs in abundance, which is unusual for Furongian lingulate faunas. The newly discovered assemblage shows little similarity to contemporaneous faunas of Laurentia, Baltica and Kazakhstanian terranes, but S. delicatus is also known from the middle Furongian Series of the Malyi Karatau Range in southern Kazakhstan.


Virtual power plants (VPPs) have emerged as an efficient tool to manage the increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs) in active distribution networks (ADNs). Meanwhile, this increasing proportion of DERs in the ADNs also provides an ideal opportunity for VPP based integrated energy systems (VES) to provide active as well as reactive power support. This paper proposes a bi-level energy management model to study the strategic behavior of a profit-driven VES in the distribution energy market (DEM). In the upper-level, the VES submits its offers and bids for both active and reactive powers in terms of price and quantity to the DEM. In the lower level, the overall operation cost of an ADN is minimized to clear the DEM. The network constraints are represented by an optimal power flow problem, while the uncertainty in the renewable energy is modeled by the chance constraints. For an efficient solution, the proposed bi-level energy management model is converted into a single-level mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) that is framed as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) using linearization methods. The simulation results from a case study on a VES in an ADN of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.


This research work is aimed to investigate how the addition of various proportion of polypropylene fibre affects the mechanical strength and permeability characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) which has been produced with treated coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Further research on RAC properties and their applications is of great importance as the scarcity of virgin aggregate sources in close proximity to major urban centers is becoming a worldwide problem. In this study, the hardened RAC properties at the curing age of 7 and 28 days such as compressive strength, flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption and total porosity were evaluated and compare with control specimens. Experimental result indicates that although the inclusion of the treated coarse RCA can enhance the mechanical strength and permeability properties of RAC, Further modification by addition of polypropylene fibre can optimize the results.


The contamination of air and water is one of the major concerns towards the development of a sustainable world in the 21st century. In this context many efforts are devoted to the design of photocatalytic paints able to degrade chemical and biological impurities present in air and water. In this work, the photocatalytic activity of hybrid films formed from the blends of pure acrylic or core/shell fluorinated/acrylic waterborne dispersions and photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle dispersions was first assessed. The films show photocatalytic activity (inactivation of the Escherichia coli bacteria under UV irradiation) at the substrate-film interface, but very reduced activity in the air-film interface due to the substantially lower amount of the TiO2 nanoparticles in the vicinity of this interface. In a second step, the fluorinated/(meth)acrylic core-shell hybrid dispersions were used as binders in the formulation of waterborne photocatalytic paints and the stability of the paints, in terms of gloss retain and color change, was assessed during 5000 hours of accelerated weathering tests (QUV-B). Although a decrease in gloss retention and increased color change occurs during the first 1000 hours of exposure, no further change of these properties takes place, which is an excellent indication of stable photocatalytic paints.


A novel method of microwave assisted solid phase headspace gas chromatography (MASP-HSGC) was developed through online coupling of solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and headspace-gas chromatography via a six-way valve. The method can quickly and directly analyze the volatile compounds from solid samples with its ability of simultaneous extraction, separation and analysis without any pretreatment. The method was applied to analyze the volatile compounds of solid Curcuma. Some experimental parameters such as the chromatographic conditions, microwave power and irradiation time were studied. Curcumol was used as the standard to evaluate the recovery, the limit of detection and the contents of compounds in a Curcuma sample. The essential oils were prepared by hydrodistillation extraction (HD) and SFME separately, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compare the results with those from the developed method. It showed that the numbers of compounds obtained by the three methods of HD-GC, SFME-GC and MASP-HSGC were 35, 33, 40 respectively. The contents of curcumol using the three methods were (0.294 +/- 0.015), (0.331 +/- 0.023), (0.297 +/- 0.009) mg/g respectively. The method was approved to be suitable for the rapid analysis of volatile components in Curcuma.


The future of digital video is envisioned to have an increase in both resolution and interactivity. New resolutions like 8k UHDTV are up to 16 times as big in number of pixels compared to current HD video. Interactivity includes the possibility to zoom and pan around in video. We examine Tiled HTTP Adaptive Streaming (TAS) as a technique for supporting these trends and allowing them to be implemented on conventional Internet infrastructure. In this article, we propose three tile selection algorithms, for different use cases (e.g., zooming, panning). A performance evaluation of these algorithms on a TAS testbed, shows that they lead to better bandwidth utilization, higher static Region of Interest (ROI) video quality and higher video quality while manipulating the ROI. We show that we can transmit video at resolutions up to four times larger than existing algorithms during bandwidth drops, which results in a higher quality viewing experience. We can also increase the video quality by up to 40 percent in interactive video, during panning or zooming.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences of work stress sources on employees working in the Jordanian commercial banks according to some personal and job-related characteristics. Data were collected through a questionnaire from a sample of employees working in the largest seven commercial banks in Jordan. The questionnaire, which was developed and distributed during the spring of 2004, includes (24) items covering various stressors. Data have been processed and analyzed through the use of "SPSS" program in order to obtain means, standard deviations, and percentages for the demographic characteristics of the sample. Moreover, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted to test if there are any statistical evidences of the existence of difference between employees work stress to the independent variables (position, gender, age, management level, service period, and work place). The study revealed that there are strong statistical evidences that differences exist between employees work stress according to their gender, age, position, and management level. However, the results show that there is no statistical evidence that a difference exists between employees work stress according to their service period. The study provided a number of recommendations to help dealing with persistent job stressors.


Controllable light delivery to the region of interest is essential to biomedical optical imaging methods like photoacoustic microscopy. It is, however, challenging beyond superficial depths in biological tissue (~1 mm beneath human skin) due to the strong scattering of light that scrambles the photon propagation paths. Recently, optical wavefront shaping has been proposed to modulate the incident light wavefront to compensate for the scattering-induced phase distortions, and consequentially, convey light optimally to a desired location behind or inside turbid media. To reach an optimum wavefront, a searching algorithm is usually required to optimize a feedback signal. In this work, we present our latest explorations, which use photoacoustic signals as the feedback to remotely and non-invasively guide the wavefront shaping process. Our method does not require direct optical access to the target region or the invasive embedding of fluorescence probes inside turbid media. Experimentally, we have demonstrated that diffuse light can be converged to the ultrasound focus by maximizing the amplitude of photoacoustic emissions from the intended absorbing site. Moreover, we show that wavefront-shaped light focusing can enhance existing optical imaging modalities like photoacoustic microscopy, in regard to signal-to-noise ratio, imaging depth, and potentially, resolution.


See that fair-trade sticker on your coffee? That dolphin-safe emblem on your tuna can? The certificate of sustainability that comes with your new wooden furniture? Plenty of consumers have, too, and in recent years, the environmentally and socially conscious shopper has become a fixture of retail in North America and Europe. Many of us seek out ethical and environmentally sustainable products, and are willing to pay a premium for such products. But where do those labels come from? What drives their creation and evolution? And who decides the scope of certification? Graeme Auld's book, Constructing Private Governance, works toward a more complete understanding of private certification and its place in contemporary discussions of global governance. Situated within the emerging literature on private governance and environmental politics, Auld impressively explains why some certification programs have organized faster than others and accounts for variation in certification schemes across industries. By uncovering the contested political histories of private certifications, Auld begins building a theory of private governance that explains why and how certain types of certification emerge. He traces the histories of certification across three industries—forestry, coffee, and fisheries—and tests ten hypotheses about market and political structures and the design and reproduction of certification programs. Auld's hypotheses are built upon a brief but accessible review of path dependence literatures in both economics and political science. Conventional approaches in both fields are found to be ill-equipped to deepen our understanding of the new challenges of private governance: "Certification programs occupy the middle ground between political authority and market exchange; they give more options for exit than the former and more options for voice than the latter" (p. 221). Indeed, though many scholars of political science have shifted to analyzing private governance as a global phenomenon, understanding the actions and decisions of private firms and NGOs requires a broader understanding of both market and political structures and the options available to various actors. Auld thus begins his analysis of each industry from an understanding of its respective market and political structures, specifying how barriers to entry


Current performance of surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) devices offers several advantages in the construction of digital communication networks. Experimental examples of delay lines, filters, oscillators, etc., used for the modulation, the frequency conversion, and the demodulation of n-phase-shift-keyed (PSK) digital signals are described and present results are reported. These devices, especially designed for satellite communication systems, operate in the range 70 MHz to 1 GHz where the surface wave technology allows reduction in size and weight combined with ruggedness and reliability.


Investigations of the kinetics of zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) were carried out to illuminate the key reaction steps responsible for the formation of high molecular weight cyclic poly(caprolactones). Modeling of both the decay in monomer concentration as well as the evolution of molecular weights and polydispersities were necessary to identify the key reaction steps responsible for initiation, propagation, cyclization and chain-transfer. Nucleophilic attack of the NHC on e-caprolactone to generate reactive zwitterions is slow and reversible. The modeling indicates that less than 60% of the carbenes are transformed to active zwitterions, but that these zwitterions rapidly add monomer and cyclize by intramolecular backbiting of the terminal alkoxides on internal esters of the zwitterions. This cyclization event maintains the concentration of active zwitterions. The reactivation of cyclized chains by active zwitterions is a key step that leads to...


Castor oil, produced from castor beans, has long been considered to be of important commercial value primarily for the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, and coatings, among others. Global castor oil production is concentrated primarily in a small geographic region of Gujarat in Western India. This region is favorable due to its labor-intensive cultivation method and subtropical climate conditions. Entrepreneurs and castor processors in the United States and South America also cultivate castor beans but are faced with the challenge of achieving high castor oil production efficiency, as well as obtaining the desired oil quality. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed analysis of novel processing methods involved in castor oil production. We discuss novel processing methods by explaining specific processing parameters involved in castor oil production.


In the early 1990s the British and Irish governments moved away from the policy of attempting to marginalise the IRA and Sinn Féin to enticing republicanism into mainstream politics. This article examines why the two governments made this apparent shift in policy. The British and Irish governments were persuaded to change their policy on Northern Ireland due to a variety of factors, all of which need to be examined if the origins of the peace process are to be understood. The article questions existing explanations that portray the origins of the peace process and the Downing Street Declaration as simply a victory for Irish nationalism without taking account of the concessions secured by the British government from the Irish during the protracted negotiations.


In the visual cortex some neurons respond more strongly to short stimuli than to long ones. This is referred to as "end-stopping" and has been generally attributed to inhibition. The role of inhibition, however, has been difficult to demonstrate. Moreover, modeling has shown that end-stopping can be created solely from excitation. The roles of excitation and inhibition were investigated using intracellular recordings (Anderson et al., 2001, J. Neurosci. 21: 2104-2112). The results of that study were interpreted in favor of inhibition. The present report re-examines these results and finds that they may be in good, perhaps even better, agreement with an excitation model of end-stopping.


The equations describing the small-signal sinusoidal operation of the 'intrinsic' field-effect transistor are derived from a consideration of the basic physical principles of the operation of the device. Expressions for the small-signal short-circuit parameters in series form are obtained. Truncated forms of these series are used to compute the elements of a convenient equivalent circuit. The dependence of the computed equivalent-circuit elements on bias voltages is presented. An indication of the frequency at which the equivalent circuit derived from the truncated series for the admittance parameters becomes inaccurate is obtained by considering higher-order terms. Finally, consideration is given to 'extrinsic' equivalent-circuit elements, and a convenient form of the complete equivalent circuit is presented.


The propagation of radiation in different spectral ranges in a superficial skin layer partially filled with titanium dioxide nanoparticles at the volume concentration 0.67%–2.25% is simulated by the Monte-Carlo method. This volume concentration corresponds to the maximum admissible concentrations of particles that most efficiently attenuate radiation in the independent scattering regime. The transmission of radiation at 307, 400, and 500 nm in a 20-μm thick skin layer is simulated and the effect of nanoparticles on the contributions from photons of different scattering orders to transmission is considered. It is shown that the administration of nanoparticles results in the broadening of the scattering-order distribution of photons propagated through the skin layer and the shift of the maximum of this distribution in the direction of a greater number of scattering events at wavelengths 400 and 500 nm, the effect being more pronounced at 400 nm. The increase in the scattering order elongates photon trajectories in the medium and enhances diffusely scattered radiation, thereby reducing transmission.


The electronic structure and chemical reactivity changes of highly under-coordinated Rh atoms on a Pt(111) surface versus coordination number were studied by a combination of synchrotron radiation core level photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory. The properties of Rh adatoms are strongly modified by the Pt substrate, when compared with the equivalent atomic configuration in the homometallic environment. A remarkable linear relationship is found between core level shifted spectral components, originating from different atomic geometrical structures, and the corresponding induced d-band center shifts. This finding strongly underscores the relevance of core level shifts as reliable experimental descriptors of chemical reactivity, also for under-coordinated atoms in bimetallic transition metal systems. The availability of an experimental tool capable of detecting local surface alloy configurations with enhanced chemical reactivity opens up the possibility to investigate more complex systems...


Background

Although the classification system of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) has become more and more perfect, there is no report on the immune subtype of triple-negative breast cancer based on immune cell infiltration.
Results

According to immune infiltrating cells, data from 360 patients were divided into cluster A (subtype 1 and subtype 3) and cluster B (subtype 2; with poorly immune phenotype). Expression of memory B cells, naïve B cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, CD4 memory activated T cells, and CD4 naïve T cells were significantly higher in cluster A (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of M2 macrophages and resting mast cells were higher in cluster B (P < 0.05). GSVA results show that B cell receptor pathway and JAK-STAT pathway are activated and more frequently altered in cluster A (P < 0.05). mTOR pathway alterations usually appear in cluster B (P < 0.05). Compared with cluster A, the risk of recurrence in cluster B patients is significantly increased (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

This analysis of tumor microenvironment revealed the multifaceted nature of TNBC and its impact on patient prognosis, being recurrence more often in those with poorly immune phenotype. These results provide a reference for further exploration of the heterogeneity of TNBC.


Recovery of platinum group metals (PGMs: Pd, Ru, Rh), Cs, Se, and Te from molten borosilicate glass containing simulated high level radwaste through the combination of liquid metal extraction and phase separation method under reductive heat-treatment was studied. In this process, the PGMs were extracted in recovered liquid metal phase, where Sb and Bi metals were used as the collecting metals. Meanwhile, Cs, Se, and Te were enriched in the phase separated potassium-rich materials on glass surface, which were extracted by water. The type of liquid metals had profound influence on the extraction behaviors of PGMs and other fission products from the glass melt. As a result, except the near extraction efficiency of Pd, Sb showed higher affinity for Ru and Rh than Bi metal. The higher phase separation efficiency of potassium-rich materials led to the higher extraction efficiencies of Cs, Se, and Te in liquid Sb extraction than Bi. Among the examined conditions, using liquid Sb extraction, the Pd, Ru, and Rh extraction efficiencies were 78.6%, 62.1% and 100% in liquid Sb metal phase, and 93.76% of Cs, 60.4% of Se, and 23.65% of Te in leachate were obtained.


This paper presents an efficient design and implementation of a complex wavelet packet modulation (CWPM) multicarrier communication transceiver using an FPGA platform. A fast algorithm already proposed for high data rate WPM systems has been applied to CWPM systems for speed enhancement. The theoretical performance of the computation algorithm is analyzed. The design uses 16-point Fast Wavelet Packet Transform/Inverse Wavelet Packet Transform (FWPT/IFWPT) of the Haar family as the core processing module. All the proposed fast CWPM (FCWPM) system modules are designed and implemented using VHDL programming language. Software tools used in this work include Altera Quartus II 9.1 and ModelSim Altera 6.5b. A Cyclone III board is used for the implementation. The hardware simulation results show that the use of fast Haar wavelet packet transform algorithms to implement complex wavelet packet modulation systems significantly increases its speed as compared with direct implementations.


Introduction: Diarrhea remains a major cause of death in children under 5 years are considered. However, following the overuse of antibiotics and the arbitrary use of broad-spectrum antibiotic, as well as diarrhea associated with antibiotic use is increasing. This study aimed to determine the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatments of diarrhea in children have been conducted. Materials and Methods: Search on the subject of electronic journals and databases such as Web sites SID, Iran Medex, Pubmed and Google scholr from 2010 to 2014 was conducted. Results: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as probiotic " microorganisms that have beneficial health effect on the host has sufficient volume " can be defined. Probiotics on the intestinal microbial balance improves. The most important function of probiotics , development , maturation and regulation of the secretory immune system - is mucous . Other proposed mechanisms include probiotics strengthen the immune system by strengthening tight junctions , stimulation of cytokinin production and the production of secondary materials as protective nutrients ( short chain fatty acids, arginine) for visceral action , is .Thibault and their colleagues in their study on 90 children were living in orphanages, kindergartens in France showed that days of diarrhea and daily probability of diarrhea in the probiotic group consumed significantly reduced compared with the control group. Conclusions: According to studies, due to the wide acceptance and lack of side effects of probiotics, probiotic products are increasingly the trend is rising, so it is recommended due to the high incidence of diarrhea among children in the prevention and used to treat diarrhea. Keywords: Child, Diarrhea, Probiotics.


Unrestrained urbanisation and rapid land use land cover changes can impact underlying aquifer systems, resulting in the instances of land subsidence. Thus, monitoring of groundwater induced land movement is an important part of environmental information systems and helps maintain the safety and economics of a city. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) can facilitate monitoring of land movement and observed boreholes can facilitate groundwater monitoring. In this study, we used Sentinel-1 radar images to obtain land movement using Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) technique in the ENVI SARscape software package. The land movement has been studied between October 2016 and October 2020, using 98 SAR images for Delhi and 100 SAR images for London. This is the first time that such a comparison has been made between these two great cities.


Tritiated and 14C-labeled tetraphenylporphinesulfonates (TTPS) were synthesized, purified, and characterized. The distribution of radioactivity and of the intact TPPS molecule was determined after injection of each compound into rats bearing the Walker carcinosarcoma. Intact TPPS accumulated in higher concentration in the tumor than in other tissues. The relative tissue concentrations of 14C administered as TPPS-14C was similar to that of intact TPPS. The tissue distribution of tritium, administered as TPPS-3H, was entirely different from both TPPS and 14C. The indissociably bound 14C attained sufficiently high relative concentrations in kidney and liver to preclude its use as a tumoricidal agent. The observed tumor: tissue concentration ratios for all other organs is sufficient for tumor localization by external scintillation scanning if an α-emitting isotope is similarly bound to TPPS.


Spraying with the organophosphate fenthion has been the predominant means to control the red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea), a major bird pest throughout semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, for more than forty years. A review of known effects of fenthion and other control measures used against Q. quelea on non-target organisms, provides a basis for comparisons with any alternative chemical control agents. Birds of prey, owls and passerines have been commonly reported casualties of spraying with fenthion over land. Moreover, fenthion is known to have negative effects on aquatic invertebrates, in particular on populations of crustacea, which predicates against its use near water bodies. Non-target species may be affected directly by spraying, but predatory birds, scavenging birds and even mammals can be contaminated by secondary poisoning when they eat Quelea carcasses found up to 20 km or more from the primary control site. To avoid secondary poisoning, where possible quelea carcasses should be removed from a site after spraying. The use of explosions to kill roosting quelea birds has similar effects to those of fenthion in terrestrial habitats, killing non-target species including birds of prey and owls. Another control method, harvesting quelea as a source of protein, is benign and could contribute to local nutritional and economic needs. However harvesting is unlikely to reduce quelea populations substantially. Integrated pest management (IPM) approaches are recommended to minimize environmental damage, but until these are successfully adopted, standardized procedures for comparative assessments of the effects of quelea control are required.


The aim of this study was to investigate whether the pattern of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations affects sensitivity to gefitinib treatment. We investigated 44 surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens obtained between 2001 and 2012 at the Tokyo Medical University Hospital. The specimens were obtained from patients treated with gefitinib as 1st-, 2nd-, or 3rd-line therapy for postoperative recurrent NSCLC. We detected EGFR mutations using the cycleave PCR technique. In addition, the specimens from non-responders were stained with antibodies against hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR; MET) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). We assessed the progression of non-responders over a period of 2 months. Intermediate responders were considered to be patients who responded (exhibiting at least stable disease) to gefitinib therapy for 3-11 months, while long-term responders were defined as those who responded to gefitinib therapy for >12 months. The NSCLCs were histologically classified as 43 adenocarcinomas and one large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. One patient had an exon 18 point mutation, 23 an exon 19 deletion, 2 an exon 20 point mutation, 16 an exon 21 point mutation and 2 patients had both exon 20 and 21 point mutations. There were 4 non-responders, including the 2 patients with exon 20 mutation, 25 intermediate responders (including 10 patients under ongoing treatment) and 15 long-term responders (2 of whom are under ongoing treatment), including the 2 patients with both exon 20 and 21 mutations. Of the specimens obtained from non-responders, 3 stained with the anti- MET antibody and 1 stained with the anti-HGF antibody. Therefore, NSCLC with exon 20 mutation may respond to gefitinib treatment in the presence of an additional EGFR mutation.


[Objective] The aim was to understand the quality status of landscape soil in Chongqing city.[Method] The soil physical and chemical properties of road greenbelt and street greenbelt in Yuzhong district of Chongqing city were analyzed and the comprehensive quality evaluation was made according to the planting soil quality standard of Chongqing landscape.[Result] The soil pH value in street greenbelt of Chongqing city was between 6.2 and 8.5,73.4% soil was alkaline and 53.2% soil showed the salinization or had occurred salt injury.The soil bulk density in street greenbelt of Chongqing city was between 0.84 mg/m3 and 1.77 mg/m3 and that in several areas was too high.There had building waste such as a great deal of detritus,tile and cement mixed in landscape soil of Yuzhong district,which made the water and fertilizer retaining capacity poorer.The average carbonate content in landscape soil of Chongqing city was(17.3±17.1)g/kg,which was 3 times more than that in natural soil.[Conclusion] The general quality in soil of street greenbelt in Yuzhong district of Chongqing city was not high,the gradeⅠ soil accounted for 10.4% of the total,the gradeⅡ soil 39.6% and the gradeⅢ soil 50.0%.


OBJECTIVE
The primary objective of this meta-analysis (PROSPERO No: CRD42019124695) was to assess the association between psychologic stress, anxiety, and periodontitis.

DATA SOURCES
The electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, by three independent reviewers till December 2019. The search was limited to human studies published only in English language. The fixed-effect model and random-effects model were used to obtain the overall mean difference, odds ratio (OR), and its 95% CI for all studies. The heterogeneity was calculated by I2 statistics. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Out of 775 potentially relevant articles, 25 studies were selected for systematic review and only 14 studies could be used for meta-analysis in three subsets. The pooled OR for stress and periodontitis was 1.78, which was statistically highly significant (I2 = 98.6%, P = .00). Mean salivary cortisol levels as a measure of stress in patients with periodontitis was 4.81 nmol/L (I2 = 98.0%, P = .08). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory value was seen as -1.28 (I2 = 0.0%, P = .06) for state anxiety and -0.11 (I2 = 0.0%, P = .85) for trait anxiety in patients with periodontitis.

CONCLUSION
The findings indicate a role of psychologic stress and anxiety in the progression of periodontitis.


Out of the 365 young laboratory beagle dogs which were used in 17 toxicity bioassays, 15 cases (4.1%) were diagnosed as having congenital heterotopic gastric mucosa of the small intestine. Its incidence in the…male dogs (12 cases out of 187) was higher than in the female dogs (3 cases out of 178). Grossly, the lesions were seen as an ulcerous focus of the small intestine, 25 cm to 88 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. All of the lesions were quite similar histologically and electron microscopically to the normal gastric mucosa, which are composed of the surface mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, mucous neck cells and basal granulated cells of the stomach. And consequently, they were considered to be that of a congenital heterotopic tissue in the small intestine. The only morphological characteristic of these lesions different from the regular gastric mucosa was an association with the tubular structure seen in the basal region of these mucosal layers. These cells were considered to be of mucous-secreting cell origin because of secreting type HI mucous evident from paradoxical concanavalin A or periodic acid Schiff stains. They seemed to be protecting the surrounding intestinal mucosa from gastric acid.


In this Work in Progress paper, we discuss why including professional competencies into computing education curriculum is important. We are particularly interested in competencies that students could and, we believe, should acquire during collaborative learning experiences in project-based IT courses. In the times of globalization and technological advancement, there is a need for competencies like collaborating, communicating, working in interdisciplinary and multicultural teams, while computing education tends to focus on content knowledge and technical skills. Which is contrary to the emphasis companies put on soft skills in a hiring situation. This discussion and reflection paper discuss how employability, and identity frameworks can be used to analyse professional competencies in a project course environment in Norway? This paper focuses on how professional competencies should be implemented in the curriculum of computing degree programs and courses in the Norwegian university system. We use Curtin's graduate attributes" framework used by an Australian university as an example of learning outcomes that emphasize professional competencies. In this conceptual paper we discuss how putting more emphasis on graduate attributes, employability and identity can help to legitimize diverse ways of participation in the computing discipline and at the same time broaden the identity of the computing discipline.


We have proposed mobile multimedia satellite communication system designed to realize high-speed multimedia communications. This system uses a mobile network for the return link and the developed satellite-tracking antenna that receives high-speed satellite signals for the forward link. The satellite-tracking antenna, which consists of four planar antennas, measures the pointing error by the phase monopulse and has achieved the satellite-tracking control by the co-phasing combining and the mechanical drive. When the satellite-tracking antenna is applied to the car and the ship, it is necessary to decide the tracking drive angle constantly. When it is applied to the train, the satellite-tracking can be expected to be achieved by specifying the tracking drive angle in accordance with the distance because the train runs in the same route. This tracking method is called a program tracking in this paper. This paper describes the tracking drive angle and the error factor of the program tracking quantitatively. We concluded that it was possible to apply the program tracking to the train if operating rate of the system was 70% or less.


Due to its favorable properties, soybean meal (SBM) is used especially in young growing animals. In terms of sustainability, there are various efforts to reduce the amounts of SBM in compound feeds and to increase the use of regional protein sources. This paper focuses on the effects of a partial to total substitution of SBM by regionally produced rapeseed meal (RSM) in different piglet diets regarding 10 important factors having an impact on the environment. Four diets, characterized by different shares (%) of both protein-rich ingredients (SBM/RSM: 18.1/0; 13.6/6.70; 8.10/16.1; 0/28.0), were fed to four groups of 10 piglets each in two runs. The impact was calculated related to feed (per t) and was performance-based for every piglet (impact·kg weight gain−1) for each factor using methods according to life-cycle-analyses (LCA). Although feed intake and weight gains were not affected negatively, higher feed conversion ratios occurred, with high amounts of rapeseed inclusion. Nevertheless, the performance-based negative influence on climate change (kg CO2 eq·kg weight gain−1) was nearly halved when SBM was replaced by RSM. Since performance was not negatively affected, the use of RSM instead of SBM in piglet diets could be a viable tool for markedly reducing the negative impact on climate change.


Background: Governmental subsidy is one of the important tools to support of households that will increase their income. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in essential goods consumption after targeted subsidies reform in Minoodar district of Qazvin, 2011. Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 100 households of Minoodar District of Qazvin during 2011 that were selected by cluster random sampling method. The measurement tool was a self-administered questionnaire and data were collected via interview. Data were analyzed using paired T-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Finding: The average household size was 4 people per household, the average household income was 9735500 Rials and the average household expenditure was 5529500 Rials. There was significant positive correlation between income and consumption of dairy products, fruits vegetables and meat. The association of education level of household head and household size with consumption of essential goods was not statistically significant. After targeted subsidies reform, the maximum change in consumption was related to energy and the minimum change was related to detergents and disinfectants. Conclusion: Targeted subsidies reform has led to changes in essential goods consumption. With regards to the association of income and consumption, low-income households should be more considered.


UNLABELLED
Despite the fact that laparoscopic appendectomy was one of the first performed minimally invasive surgical procedures, the benefits and indications of its use are still controversial.

METHODS
Data of patients with the diagnosis of appendicitis operated either with laparoscopic (LA) or open (OA) appendectomy were collected and analyzed.

PATIENTS
This study involved 273 consecutive patients who had undergone appendectomy with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis at the Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Department of Surgery between January 2005 and December 2007. 185 patients (68%) operated with the laparoscopic, 88 (32%) with the open technique, in the third year 89% of the cases underwent laparoscopic appendectomy.

RESULTS
The conversion rate was 27%, the reason of the conversion was the progression of the disease in 35 patients (70%) and technical in 15 cases (30%). The wound infection rate was 8% in the LA and 18% in the OA group ( p = 0.022). No significant difference was found in the reoperation rate and in the hospital readmission rate between the two groups. There was one insufficiency which was treated with conservative therapy. The hospital stay was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group ( p = 0.031).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that laparoscopic appendectomy has significant advantages over open appendectomy. In our practice, laparoscopic appendectomy is the first choice of procedure in acute appendicitis.


During the Second World War, a small group of Vietnamese émigrés in Vichy France drew powerful inspiration from the ideological and material possibilities of the Nazi occupation. Their history reveals the colonial dimensions of a process of collaboration too often cast as solely European. It also sheds light on the transnational migrations and intellectual circulations that made European experiences an important part of Asian wartime political choices. Finally, their myriad trajectories after the war are a powerful example of the ideological reconfigurations and reversals of Asian politics during decolonization.


In the global economy, credit companies play a central role in economic development, through their activity as money lenders. This important task comes with some drawbacks, mainly the risk of the debtors not being able to repay the provided credit. Therefore, Credit Risk Modelling (CRM), namely the evaluation of the probability that a debtor will not repay the due amount, plays a paramount role. Statistical approaches have been successfully exploited since long, becoming the most used methods for CRM. Recently, also machine and deep learning techniques have been applied to the CRM task, showing an important increase in prediction quality and performances. However, such techniques usually do not provide reliable explanations for the scores they come up with. As a consequence, many machine and deep learning techniques fail to comply with western countries' regulations such as, for example, GDPR. In this paper we suggest to use LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) technique to tackle the explainability problem in this field, we show its employment on a real credit-risk dataset and eventually discuss its soundness and the necessary improvements to guarantee its adoption and compliance with the task.


Zimbabwe's 2013 Constitution provides for a multi-level system of government whereby the government is constituted at national, provincial and local levels. Despite the new Constitution being relatively comprehensive about the devolution of powers to the subnational levels of government, the country is still trapped within the post-independence highly centralised unitary state design. Although the new Constitution was adopted in 2013, devolution has not yet been fully implemented in Zimbabwe. This non-implementation of the constitutional injunctions on devolution, almost a decade after the promulgation of the Constitution, brings into question the country's commitment to the devolution of powers and constitutionalism. This article critiques this state of affairs, and identifies the politico-legal factors responsible for the country's non-implementation of the constitutional injunctions on the devolution of powers to subnational levels of government. This article's central thesis is that the full devolution of powers is one of the significant levers of constitutional transformation in Zimbabwe.


Macrocycles are arising considerable interest in medicinal chemistry. With the goal of harnessing C-H activation reactions for the development of efficient macrocyclization processes, the ruthenium(II)-catalyzed cyclization of O-methyl benzhydroxamates possessing an ω-acetylenic chain was investigated to access new structurally diverse macrocyclic isoquinolones. A slow addition of the substrate and the presence of Cu(OAc)2 ⋅H2 O as an additive were crucial for the success of the macrocyclization that features an excellent functional-group compatibility, as illustrated by the successful synthesis of a library of 21 macrocyclic isoquinolones of different ring sizes and substitution patterns. These results contribute to significantly highlight the synthetic interest of C-H activation-mediated processes for the synthesis of new macrocyles incorporating heterocyclic scaffolds of potential interest in medicinal chemistry.


Custom knee implants and patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) have been developed as alternatives to off-the-shelf implants and conventional cutting guides for joint arthroplasty. Custom implants and patient-specific cutting guides are constructed with the aid of preoperative 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and proprietary planning software. The goals of custom implants and patient-specific cutting guides are to increase surgical efficiency and to improve implant alignment and clinical outcomes.


The count of microstates for supersymmetric black holes is typically obtained from a supersymmetric index in weakly-coupled string theory. We find the saddles in the gravitational path integral corresponding to this index in a general theory of $N=2$ supergravity in asymptotically flat space. This saddle exhibits a new attractor mechanism which explains the agreement between the string theory index and the macroscopic entropy. These saddles are smooth, complex Euclidean spinning black holes that are supersymmetric but not extremal, i.e., they are formally finite-temperature solutions. With this new mechanism, the scalars and the electromagnetic fields get attracted to temperature- and moduli-independent values at the north and south poles of the rotating black hole, although they vary along the Euclidean horizon in a non-universal way. Further, although the area and the spin of the black hole depend non-trivially on the temperature and on the moduli, the free energy is essentially a function only of the black hole charges (apart from a trivial dependence on the temperature and the moduli through the BPS mass), and agrees with the string theory index.


Alienation, fatalism and consciousness in school are considered in this study, which aimed to investigate how educators from a public kindergarten perceived the dimensions of their work in this context. The research used a qualitative approach and the data were obtained through the analysis of 35 questionnaires completed by school teachers, group leaders and the management team. The results showed that the workers, mostly, had experienced oppression in the existing school power relations. This experience had prevented them from developing as individuals in this context, constructing their own history and therefore being able to transform reality. Due to this, we understand how important a conscious action of the school psychologist intervening in the existing power relations in school is, in order to ensure the whole and healthy development of children and educational workers.


This paper presents the result of using an experimental spatial matrix identification method to predict the dynamics of a frame structure under a different boundary condition. The single-input-multiple-output frequency response functions of the test structure under the free-free boundary condition are measured by hammer testing. Using the FRFs, a set of spatial matrices is determined to represent its structural dynamic characteristics by the method. Then, using the identified spatial matrices, the dynamic characteristics of the test structure under the boundary condition of clamping 4 points is predicted. The prediction is practically accurate. The result of the prediction demonstrates that the spatial matrices identified by the method can be used for structural modification and substructure synthesis in the field of computer aided mechanical engineering.


Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines are widely used breeding materials in cruciferous crops and play important roles in heterosis utilization; however, the sterility mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the microspore development process and gene expression changes after the introduction of orf138 and Rfo, cytological observation and transcriptome analysis were performed using a maintainer line, an Ogura CMS line, and a restorer line. Semithin sections of microspores at different developmental stages showed that the degradation of tapetal cells began at the tetrad stage in the Ogura CMS line, while it occurred at the bicellular microspore stage to the tricellular microspore stage in the maintainer and restorer lines. Therefore, early degradation of tapetal cells may be the cause of pollen abortion. Transcriptome analysis results showed that a total of 1287 DEGs had consistent expression trends in the maintainer line and restorer line, but were significantly up- or down-regulated in the Ogura CMS line, indicating that they may be closely related to pollen abortion. Functional annotation showed that the 1287 core DEGs included a large number of genes related to pollen development, oxidative phosphorylation, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. In addition, further verification elucidated that down-regulated expression of genes related to energy metabolism led to decreased ATP content and excessive ROS accumulation in the anthers of Ogura CMS. Based on these results, we propose a transcriptome-mediated induction and regulatory network for cabbage Ogura CMS. Our research provides new insights into the mechanism of pollen abortion and fertility restoration in Ogura CMS.


additions or changes are rare. Gomme's criticism {CQ_ liv 158-9) is therefore in part met by the provision of texts of the oracles, but Volume I remains as it was in edition 1, a book not of controversy but of information' {JHS lxii (1942) 90). Professor Parke has again made the oracles the framework of his account. This may not be the best way to write a history of Delphi, but he has produced a valuable work, free of excesses of conjecture and controversy.


This paper contributes to the existing research by integrating the notions of organizational learning and entrepreneurial orientation into the body of international entrepreneurship. Our primary framework combines learning theory and the new venture theory of internationalization to study the extent to which small and medium-sized companies engage in international activities. In order to focus on firms likely to engage in significant cross-border activity, we used a survey instrument to collect data from small and medium-sized firms located in Belgium. We found that the firms' international learning effort and entrepreneurial orientation are positively associated with internationalization intent whereas domestic learning effort is negatively related with internationalization intent. Overall, our results suggest (1) that intensive knowledge renewal and exploitation regarding foreign markets and the internationalization process itself may increase internationalization by affecting the perceptions of opportunities offered by further international expansion, and (2) that firms with an entrepreneurial mindset may be more likely to develop a long-term, substantial presence in the international arena, compared to firms that are more reactive or conservative. However, our results also suggest that firms that invest in domestic learning activities, as opposed to international learning activities, may be less likely to internationalize further.


A study of delineation of Cu and Zn status in soil of Central Research station, Akola was conducted during year 2006 and 2007. detailed maps of micronutrient also prepared. Delineation of study area was completed with help of global positioning system and for predicting available cationic micronutrient status extraction with chelating agent such as di ethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) is used. The soils of Central Research Station were found 52 per cent deficient in zinc and 4 per cent deficient in copper. While the available micronutrient status of Central Research Station soils was found as zinc from 0.21 to 2.46 and copper 0.004 to 7.49.


Studying time-lapse time shifts for refracted events is a complementary method to conventional 4D analysis. Especially for detecting changes in relatively shallow subsurface layers, we find that this method has potential. By studying data associated with an old underground blowout, we find consistent time shifts of up to 4 ms when comparing a base survey that was acquired before the underground blowout with a monitor survey acquired 20 months after the blowout. These time shifts are interpreted as caused by shallow gas migration. The 4D refraction time shifts are estimated by a standard windowed crosscorrelation technique. Observed time shifts are compared with a simple synthetic modeling to find the possible property and location of the anomaly. The synthetic result was qualitatively matched with real data. We believe that more quantitative matches can obtained when the method is combined with full waveform inversions. Time-lapse refraction analysis has some clear limitations, for instance, the presence of refracted events, which requires a positive velocity contrast for the interface to be studied. Another limitation is that for deeper events, the signal from shallower refractions and noise associated with the water layer will distort the 4D time shifts. However, we found that these results demonstrate the potential of refraction time shifts as a complementary 4D analysis technique. We believe that the method has a significant potential for quantitative 4D interpretation.


Background
l-lysine (Lys) is a critical dietary nutrient for mammary gland development and milk production. However, the specific pathways of Lys utilization and how milk protein synthesis is affected in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are poorly understood.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the effects of Lys on milk protein synthesis and the mechanism of Lys uptake and catabolism in BMECs.

Methods
BMECs were cultured in 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mmol Lys/L to detect cell viability, or cultured in 0-2.0 mmol Lys/L with l-[ring-3H5] phenylalanine to study the effect of Lys on protein turnover, or cultured in Krebs buffer with [U-14C] l-Lys to quantify Lys metabolism. In some experiments, BMECs were cultured in a conditioned medium alone or including 1.0 mmol Lys/L and 2-amino-endo-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) for 24 h to analyze the expression of amino acid transporter B (0+) (ATB0,+), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathways.

Results
Including 1.0 mmol Lys/L in cultures increased cell viability by 17-47% and protein synthesis by 7-23%, whereas protein degradation was inhibited by 4-64% compared with BMECs cultured with 0, 0.5, or 2.0 mmol Lys/L (all P ≤ 0.05). Studies that used [U-14C] l-Lys showed that most Lys was incorporated into proteins (90%), whereas the remainder was either oxidized into CO2 (4%) or used as a substrate for aspartate (3%) and histidine synthesis (3%). Furthermore, Lys significantly increased expression of ATB0,+ (71% mRNA and 44% protein), STAT5 (27% mRNA and 21% phosphorylated proteins), and mTOR (51% mRNA and 22% phosphorylated proteins) compared with cells without Lys.

Conclusions
Lys promoted protein synthesis, mostly through enhancing uptake by ATB0,+ and the mTOR and JAK2-STAT5 pathways. Understanding the utilization of Lys in BMECs provides insights into the role of amino acid nutrition in bovine milk production.


Two synthesis procedures of an adaptive antenna array based on the amplitude-phase and only-phase perturbations for providing reduction of susceptibility of jamming are presented. The jamming suppression is achieved by the side lobe cancellation in a required direction. We consider a receiving antenna, which is characterized by the direction of the main beam for receiving the useful signal and the additional direction of the notch, in which the jamming should be suppressed. The required amplitude - phase distribution along the array is provided by the phase shifters and controllable attenuators/amplifiers. The radiation pattern transformation under the influence of the error connected with a quality of phase shifters and attenuators/amplifiers was investigated.


Measurements of the damping behaviour of dental implants with the Periotest device are considered to be an objective means to assess the mobility of implants. The effects of the position of an implant in the maxilla or mandible, the period of time passing between the measurements and implant placement and the height at which the Periotest measurements are performed on the damping behaviour of implants have been discussed controversially. This experimental study examined the influence of the use of different measuring devices, the measuring height and the embedding depth on the damping behaviour of IMZ implants. The implants were embedded in resin at different depths and damping measurements were carried out at different measuring heights. It was found that the values rose with an increasing measuring height and a decreasing embedding depth. Analysis of variance was used to assess the influence of the embedding depth and revealed that the embedding depth had a significant impact on the measuring values at each measuring height, above 6 mm. Moreover, it was found that the higher the measuring height, the higher the measured values and the greater the differences between the values obtained at the individual depths. The different measuring devices had no influence on the measuring results (P = 0.79). The results of this study suggest that a longitudinal follow-up of the peri-implant residual bone height around individual implants is possible. Single measuring values by themselves do not allow any conclusions about the prognosis of an implant. The assessment of the peri-implant bone height through Periotest measurements is conceivable only when a table of damping values taking into account the physical length of the implant, the embedding depth and the measuring height for the examined implant system is available. In cylindrical implants, the head of the available prefabricated measuring post can be recommended as a constant measuring point for further studies, especially when the results are to be compared with those obtained by other study groups.


We provide a Matlab implementation of an adaptive P1-finite element method (AFEM). This includes functions for the assembly of the data, different error estimators, and an indicator-based adaptive mesh-refining algorithm. Throughout, the focus is on an efficient realization by use of Matlab built-in functions and vectorization. Numerical experiments underline the efficiency of the code which is observed to be of almost linear complexity with respect to the runtime.


Methods for detecting island in an electric power system are classified as active, passive or hybrid. For certain applications, passive methods are sometimes favored over other detection methods because they are cheap, simple and do not affect the power quality of the electric power system. This paper introduces an islanding detection approach based on wavelet packet transform using only local measurements of voltage and current at the point of common coupling. A new index named node rate of change of power defined in the time-frequency domain is introduced to quantify the rate of change of output power of the distributed generation (DG). The new index has been evaluated in seven different case studies including island case. The presented results have shown that the new index is effectively capable of determining the island case from other types of disturbances.


Thermopile array sensors are cost-effective thermal imaging alternatives and are less vulnerable to privacy intrusion, light conditions, and obtrusiveness. While numerous occupant surveillance systems have been developed based on such sensors, low spatial resolutions prohibit them from deriving more sophisticated applications. To help relieve the limitation, we propose to enrich thermopile array sensors with additional non-thermal features and develop, to the best of our knowledge, the first low-resolution thermal-guided image synthesis model capable of producing realistic and attribute-aligned color images. These thermal heatmaps are regarded as semantic maps, but have very low resolutions. We propose an extension of SPADE (Spatially-Adaptive Denormalization), namely SPADE-SR, to incorporate the spatial property of a thermal heatmap into a conditional GAN through iterative Self-Resampling. Compared to SPADE, SPADE-SR yields better results in terms of image quality and reconstruction error while using significantly fewer model parameters. A new LRT-Human (Low-Resolution Thermal Human) dataset comprised of 22k (thermal heatmap, RGB image) pairs with various thermal and non-thermal coupling is derived to support our claims. Our work explores the cross-thermal-RGB modality paradigm and poses a great opportunity for thermopile array sensors in surveillance usages.


Land use land cover (LULC) dynamics are a widespread, accelerating, and significant process driven by human actions. LULC changes analysis is one of the most precise techniques to understand how land was used in the past, what types of changes are to be expected in the future, as well as the forces and processes behind the changes. This study was carried out to evaluate the historical and future trends as well as driving forces of LULC changes in Somodo watershed South Western, Ethiopia. It was accompanied using satellite image of Landsat5 TM 1985 and 1995, Landsat7 ETM+ 1999, 2005 and Landsat8 OLI/TIROS 2017. In addition, field observations, Key informant interview (KII) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were also conducted. ERDAS Imagine 9.1, QGIS 2.18 and IDRSI Selva 17.00, software were used for satellite image processing, map preparation, and LULC change prediction respectively. During the 32 year period between 1985 and 2017, the proportion of area covered by forest and agriculture was decreased by 60.57 ha (12.7%) and 5.22 ha (1.1%) respectively. In contrast, home garden Agroforestry/settlement and grassland were increased by 49.77 ha (7.5%) and 16.02 ha (6.7%) respectively. If the existing rate of LULC change lasts, in 2029 agriculture and forestland are predicted to increase by 91.24 ha and 20.52 ha respectively, while grassland and home garden Agroforestry/settlement are predicted to decrease by 99.97 ha and 11.79 ha respectively. LULC change in the study area is an outcome of several proximate and underlying drivers. The major proximate driving forces of LULC change in the watershed are illegal logging and fuel wood extraction, Expansion of plantation, expansion of settlement, agricultural expansion, and construction of infrastructures. Demographic, Economic, Technological, Institution and policy, and Biophysical factors constitute the major underlying drivers of LULC change in the study area. Population growth is the major underlying cause for LULC change in the study area. Then, Participatory Forest Management through plantation and community nursery expansion is required for forest cover improvement in the watershed. This study also suggests further study on the impact of LULC change in the area.

 Key words: Drivers, geographic information system (GIS), Land use/Land cover Change prediction, Somodo Watershed.


Dendritic localization and hence local mRNA translation contributes to synaptic plasticity in neurons. Staufen2 (Stau2) is a well‐known neuronal double‐stranded RNA‐binding protein (dsRBP) that has been implicated in dendritic mRNA localization. The specificity of Stau2 binding to its target mRNAs remains elusive. Using individual‐nucleotide resolution CLIP (iCLIP), we identified significantly enriched Stau2 binding to the 3′‐UTRs of 356 transcripts. In 28 (7.9%) of those, binding occurred to a retained intron in their 3′‐UTR. The strongest bound 3′‐UTR intron was present in the longest isoform of Calmodulin 3 (Calm3L) mRNA. Calm3L 3′‐UTR contains six Stau2 crosslink clusters, four of which are in this retained 3′‐UTR intron. The Calm3L mRNA localized to neuronal dendrites, while lack of the 3′‐UTR intron impaired its dendritic localization. Importantly, Stau2 mediates this dendritic localization via the 3′‐UTR intron, without affecting its stability. Also, NMDA‐mediated synaptic activity specifically promoted the dendritic mRNA localization of the Calm3L isoform, while inhibition of synaptic activity reduced it substantially. Together, our results identify the retained intron as a critical element in recruiting Stau2, which then allows for the localization of Calm3L mRNA to distal dendrites.


Simple Summary No real-world, long-term outcomes of immunotherapy with nivolumab for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) have yet been reported. Furthermore, the prognostic impact of the best overall response (BOR) of this therapy remains unclear. We conducted a multi-institutional cohort study of the long-term efficacy and safety of this therapy. We also evaluated the relationship between BOR and survival. Median follow-up time was 25.9 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.6 months, and two-year survival rate was 25.0%. Overall response rate was 18%, and disease control rate was 48%. For immune-related adverse events (irAEs), 38 irAEs were detected in 29 patients. The development of irAEs and better BOR were significantly associated with longer survival. These findings demonstrate the long-term efficacy and safety of nivolumab therapy for R/M SCCHN in a real-world setting. The magnitude of BOR and the development of irAEs might be useful surrogate markers of survival. Abstract No real-world, long-term outcomes of immunotherapy with nivolumab for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) have yet been reported. Furthermore, the prognostic impact of the best overall response (BOR) of this therapy remains unclear. We conducted a multi-institutional cohort study of the long-term efficacy and safety of this therapy and investigated prognostic factors associated with survival. Further, we evaluated the relationship between BOR and survival. Median follow-up time was 25.9 months. Median overall survival (OS) was 9.6 months, and two-year survival rate was 25.0%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months, and two-year PFS rate was 19.6%. BOR was assessed as complete response (CR) in 6%, partial response (PR) in 13%, stable disease (SD) in 30%, and progressive disease (PD) in 52% of the patients. Overall response rate was 18%, and disease control rate was 48%. For immune-related adverse events (irAEs), 38 irAEs were detected in 29 patients. On multivariate analysis, the development of irAEs was significantly associated with better OS and PFS. Better BOR was significantly associated with longer OS and PFS. These findings demonstrate the long-term efficacy and safety of nivolumab therapy for R/M SCCHN in a real-world setting. The magnitude of BOR and the development of irAEs might be useful surrogate markers of survival.


The black cotton soil is a type of problematic expansive soil which causes many problems in the construction of structures founded on them. It is having a swelling and impervious nature with poor geotechnical subgrade characteristics. In this research an approach is made towards the way of improvement in the various geotechnical properties of black cotton soil such as index properties, swelling characteristics, consolidation characteristics, hydraulic conductivity characteristics and strength characteristics by blending it with waste materials such as river sand, fly ash and marble dust. Hence, from these approaches, the impacting effect of waste materials on the environment reduced due to optimum utilization of these waste materials in the improvement in various properties of black cotton soil.


The introduction of PSA screening has led to confirming a shift towards an earlier pathological stage in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Consequently, the proportion of detecting early stage prostate cancer has clearly been increasing. On the other hand, progressive cancers in the form of distant metastases and locally advanced ones that have been confirmed at the initial diagnosis exhibit a constant rate. In addition, there have been a lot of cases where hormonal resistance was acquired during hormonal therapy which resulted in advanced metastases of the prostate. Prostate cancer has a tendency to be metastatic to bones. Combining the fact that the survival period of patients undergoing treatment is prolonged after metastases, the length of suffering caused by complications, such as ostealgia, pathological fracture and myelopathy, becomes an issue in which QOL and ADL of the patient are sacrificed for a long time. As for treatment of prostate cancer with metastases, a palliative treatment is common in the clinical scene. However, we can extend a life prognosis with use of radiotherapy and surgical treatment in addition to the palliative treatment at an appropriate time. It appears that a combination of new chemotherapy and hormonal therapy will be promising. In the future, we believe that the appearance of new anticancer drugs, endocrine therapies, bisphosphonates and strontium treatment could be used as a part of the treatment strategy for prostate cancer with bone metastases.


Background: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels are up-regulated in wounded skin and are thought to play a major role in scar formation. An antisense oligonucleotide targeting CTGF was evaluated in adult patients undergoing hypertrophic scar revision surgery, to determine effects on reducing the severity of subsequent scars. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, within-subject, placebo-controlled study, 23 female subjects (aged 28 to 55 years) with bilateral, symmetric, hypertrophic surgical scars of the breast underwent scar revision surgery. The resulting breast incisions were randomized to receive EXC 001 (5 mg/cm) or placebo injected intradermally at postsurgery weeks 2, 5, 8, and 11. Scar severity assessments were performed at weeks 12 and 24 by an expert panel using blinded photographs, and by physicians and subjects using a scar scoring scale, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. An assumption of the design is that within-subject variance would be small and that whatever within-subject variance there was would be controlled through the randomization process. Results: EXC 001 significantly reduced scar severity at both 12 and 24 weeks after scar revision surgery in all three measures (expert panel and physician Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, p < 0.001; Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, p < 0.003). Conclusions: This study provided positive preliminary data that intradermal injection of EXC 001 produced a significant reduction in severity of postsurgical skin scars, as measured by physicians, subjects, and an expert panel. This study provided evidence that suppression of CTGF could be a viable strategy for hypertrophic scar reduction therapy and that further study of the antisense oligonucleotide EXC 001 was indicated. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, II.


Rhodopsins are the most abundant light-harvesting proteins. A new family of rhodopsins, heliorhodopsins (HeRs), was recently discovered. In opposite to the known rhodopsins their N-termini face the cytoplasm. HeRs structure and function remain unknown. We present structures of two HeR-48C12 states at 1.5 Å showing its remarkable difference from all known rhodopsins. Its internal extracellular part is completely hydrophobic, while the cytoplasmic part comprises a cavity ('active site'), surrounded by charged amino acids and containing a cluster of water molecules, presumably being a primary proton acceptor from the Schiff base. At acidic pH a planar triangle molecule (acetate) is present in the 'active site' which demonstrated its ability to maintain such anions as carbonate or nitrate. Structure-based bioinformatic analysis identified 10 subfamilies of HeRs suggesting their diverse biological functions. The structures and available data suggest an enzymatic activity of HeR-48C12 subfamily and their possible involvement into fundamental redox biological processes.


The present study investigates adsorption of taste substances to lipid membranes for the multichannel taste sensor. To clarify the mechanism of adsorption of taste substances to a lipid membrane, we measured adsorption quantities of taste substances, such as amino acids and quinine-HCl, with fluorometry, and the surface of the lipid membrane was analyzed with ESCA (Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis). Furthermore, we measured potential responses of a lipid membrane and pH of monosodium glutamate and lipid solutions. The results showed that amino acids adsorb to the lipid membrane, but no specific adsorption site exists on the membrane. The adsorption occurred by weak interaction between a phosphoric acid group of lipid molecules and an amino group of amino acids. Quinine-HCl adsorbed to membrane with strong electrostatic coupling and weak hydrophobic effects to lipid molecules in the membrane.


Recent research in orthopedic surgeries indicates that computer-assisted robotic systems have shown that robots can improve the precision and accuracy of the surgery which in turn leads to better long-term outcomes. An orthopedic robotic system called OrthoRoby and an intelligent control architecture that will be used in bone cutting operations are developed. A medical user interface (MUI) is developed and integrated into the OrthoRoby system. MUI is used by the surgeons to import images of the patients' bone as inputs and outputs a bone cutting trajectory. A series of experimental tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the MUI.


The article examines the problem of linguistic security of Russia within the logic of integration into the world community. A new language situation is developing in the context of modern socio-economic and political reforms in Russia. While, on the one hand, there is a rejection of monolingualism and a tendency towards the development of Russian national polylingualism, on the other hand, there is a clear orientation towards promoting multilingualism as a consequence of rapprochement with Europe. The European Union is actively promoting the policy of multilingualism, encouraging learners to expand their linguistic repertoires. Like other representatives of non-EU countries, young Europeans entering Russian universities are mostly multilingual, and for them the Russian language offered as part of their university course is just another foreign language. To promote the Russian language and culture through educating foreign students, faculty members of Russian universities seek to create a special language environment, activating all possible means and technologies to optimize the process, teaching Russian courses for international students, and organizing engaging extra-curricular activities. Despite such serious efforts, however, many foreign students perceive this as an imposition that limits them in the study of other languages and cultures. The authors of the article see a potential solution to this problem in using a multilingual approach as a mechanism for "subtle engagement and promotion" of the Russian language and culture among foreign students. They offer a case study of implementing this approach in a technical university where Russian is taught as a foreign language to future engineers and describe the functional characteristics of multilingual modules built into the Russian language course (facilitative, accelerative, communicative, organizational, and transferable), highlighting the advantages and prospects of the multilingual approach in the formation of linguistic security.


We report on a survey for strong (rest equivalent width Wr ≥ 1 Å), intervening Mg II systems along the sight lines to long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The GRB spectra that comprise the survey have a heterogeneous mix of resolution and wavelength coverage, but we implement a strict, uniform set of search criteria to derive a well-defined statistical sample. We identify 14 strong Mg II absorbers along 14 GRB sight lines (nearly every sight line exhibits at least one absorber) with spectra covering a total path length Δz = 15.5 at a mean redshift = 1.1. In contrast, the predicted incidence of such absorber systems along the same path length to quasar sight lines is only 3.8. The roughly 4 times higher incidence along GRB sight lines is inconsistent with a statistical fluctuation at greater than 99.9% c.l. Several effects could explain the result: (1) dust within the Mg II absorbers obscures faint quasars giving a lower observed incidence along quasar sight lines, (2) the gas is intrinsic to the GRB event, and (3) the GRBs are gravitationally lensed by these absorbers. We present strong arguments against the first two effects and also consider lensing to be an unlikely explanation. The results suggest that at least one of our fundamental assumptions underpinning extragalactic absorption line research is flawed.


Every person has a unique signature hence it is considered as one of the biometrics for the purpose of authentication. Signature is an indivisible part of any bank cheque but it can be copied by skill or by mere observation. To avoid such frauds many techniques have been found till date. Research here includes shape contexts for authentication of signature on bank cheque. Shape Contexts are mostly used to verify whether 2 shapes are similar or not. Existing work on shape context requires transformation for shape alignment but this research eliminates this extra work. This paper presents a modified version of shape context for signature verification on bank cheque using K-Nearest Neighbour classifier. Proposed system also demonstrates effective performance when compared with other pattern matching technique Local Binary Pattern.


Urothelial tumour of the upper urinary tract is a rare neoplasm, but unfortunately, it has a high recurrence rate. The reduction of these tumour recurrences could be achieved by the intracavitary instillation of adjuvant chemotherapy after nephron-sparing treatment in selected patients, but current instillation methods are ineffective. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of a new instillation technology through a biodegradable ureteral stent/scaffold coated with a silk fibroin matrix for the controlled release of mitomycin C as an anti-cancer drug. Through a comparative study, we assessed, in urothelial carcinoma cells in a human cancer T24 cell culture for 3 and 6 h, the cytotoxic capacity of mitomycin C by viability assay using the CCK-8 test (Cell counting Kit-8). Cell viability studies in the urothelial carcinoma cell line confirm that mitomycin C embedded in the polymeric matrix does not alter its cytotoxic properties and causes a significant decrease in cell viability at 6 h versus in the control groups. These findings have a clear biomedical application and could be of great use to decrease the recurrence rate in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinomas by increasing the dwell time of anti-cancer drugs.


Introduction: Hip fracture contributes to both morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The demographics of world populations are set to change, with more elderly living in developing countries.The dynamic hip screw, commonly used in extramedullary fixation, has become a standard implant in treatment of these fractures. Proximal femoral nail (PFN) and Gamma nail are 2 commonly used devices in the intramedullary fixation. Previous studies showed that the Gamma nail did not perform as well as DHS because it led to a relatively higher incidence of post-operative femoral shaft fracture.Hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the outcome of patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFN. Materials & methods: A total of 25 intertrochanteric fractures were included in the present study. All the patients were treated with PFN. A detailed questionnaire was duly completed for each case. Till the day of surgery, patient was kept on skeletal/skin traction. Pre-operative antibiotics were given to the patients. Preoperative planning was done to decide the type and length of implant to be used. The choice of anaesthesia was general or regional. Clinico-radiological assessment of the patient was done. All the results were analysed by SPSS software. Results: In 92 percent of the patients, complete union was observed on radiological assessment after 18 weeks, whereas in the remaining 8 percent of the patients, no union was observed. Postoperative complications were present only in one patient, in the form of Zeffect at one month (Nonunion). Conclusion: PFN appears to be an effective line of treatment for treating patients with intertrochanteric fractures.


In this paper, we investigate the manner in which interpretable sub-word speech units emerge within a convolutional neural network model trained to associate raw speech waveforms with semantically related natural image scenes. We show how diphone boundaries can be superficially extracted from the activation patterns of intermediate layers of the model, suggesting that the model may be leveraging these events for the purpose of word recognition. We present a series of experiments investigating the information encoded by these events.


Springs include a great variety of habitats, because many possible geological and ecological conditions intersect in any given spring.Available information on the arthropod fauna shows that springs contain a limited number of species of diverse origins, including groundwater, stream, and water-film inhabitants. There is a substantial number of spring-specialist species, many of them in distinctive genera, reflecting many independent invasions of spring habitats by various groups and subgroups of aquatic arthropods. Most of this diversity is present in cold water springs, though smaller numbers of distinctive elements occur in hot or in saline springs. The specialists of coldwater springs tend to show adaptations such as cold stenothermy and limited dispersal, but different species possess different suites of adaptations to the habitat, reflecting their evolutionary history and biology.Faunal differences among springs result from geographical differences (many species, though not as many genera, differ between eastern and western Canada), but within a given region reflect the variety of habitats and microhabitats that exists. Such variety means that except in very broad terms it is not possible to establish workable "definitions" for the range of spring types. Rather, we recommend that biologists adopt a few key descriptors, based on source geometry, water supply, temperature, chemistry, and persistence, to provide useful information about the sites in which they collect. The term "spring" should be used conservatively, to apply only to the area immediately around the point of groundwater issue, because conditions change rapidly farther away from this point.Some needs for the inventory (and protection) of springs and for more extensive sampling are summarized. Further taxonomic studies are required in several characteristic groups. Ecological work on the specialized species confined to springs is likely to be especially instructive.


The macroscopic quantum tunneling rate out of the metastable state of a Josephson junction has been measured in a range of temperature where the quantum contribution is comparable with the thermal escape. From such measurements the traversal time of the barrier has been deduced and compared with the theoretical predictions of a semiclassical model.


Electrodiagnostic testing in neuromuscular disease has been described. The chronaxy determination is a stimulating test which should be done routinely in neuromuscular testing. It is a gross test, but it is very useful in determining the presence of denervation. Electromyography is a recording test and is more sensitive than a chronaxy determination. Electromyography can help in the diagnosis of lower motor neurone disease and in myopathic disease, because the findings in these are characteristic. Nerve conduction velocity determination is a stimulating and recording test. With it one can differentiate anterior horn cell disease from disease of the axone. One can also localize nerve compression when this condition is present.


In many industrial applications, gas-liquid-particle three-phase flows are observed. Predicting erosion damage in this type of flow is a challenging issue, and so many factors, such as the liquid film behavior have significant effects on the erosion rate. In the present study, the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach was implemented to study the process of sand particle erosion in elbows with different bend angles. For this purpose, gas and liquid phases under annular flow conditions were introduced at the pipe inlet, and the volume of fluid (VOF) method was employed to solve the governing equations. For evaluating the erosion rate, the Det Norske Veritas (DNV) model was applied. The predicted erosion results for the bend angles of 30°, 60° and 90° at different orientations were compared with those of the two-phase gas-particle flows. The simulation results indicated that for gas-liquid-particle flow, the behavior of film thickness in the bend plays a major role on the particle impact velocity and the corresponding erosion rates. By comparing the impact characteristics for gas and liquid superficial velocities of 40 and 0.4 m/s, respectively, in the 90° elbow, it was found that the impact velocities for gas-particle and gas-liquid-particle flows at the erosion hotspot are 38 and 14 m/s, respectively. In addition, among the studied geometries, the 30° elbow is the most erosion-resistant bend angle configuration among those studied for both two- and three-phase flows.


Immunofluorescent reaction with the use of bullous pemphigoid patients' sera including antibodies to the basement membrane, was applied to the frozen sections of 31 cervical carcinomas. These include 3 in situ carcinomas, 1 microinvasion, and 27 invasive squamous cell carcinomas. We found the essentially normal immunofluorescent basement membrane in all cases of in situ carcinomas and in 7 cases of invasive carcinomas, and poorly formed or absent basement membrane in the remaining 20 cases. We couldn't correlate the presence or absence of basement membrane to any histological characteristics, i.e., CPL classification, histological degree of cancer cell differentiation, lymphocyte infiltration, lymph node metastasis and mucin production in cancer cells. The basement membranes shown by PAS staining were not compatible with immunofluorescent one. This means that the diagnosis of the destruction of basement membranes may not be clear by PAS staining. However, we do not know the conventional methods to stain the basement membrane, except for the immunofluorescent technic.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) in injury of lung complicated by acute pancreatitis (AP) and the therapeutic effect of verapamil, furthermore to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODS
Eighty-two Sprague-Dawley rats both male and female were divided into three groups. AP was induced by injecting 3% sodium deoxycholate (1 ml/kg) into the biliopancreatic duct except the rats of sham operation group. Ten minutes after operation, rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline or verapamil, respectively. At 4 hours and 8 hours after treatment, the volume of as cites and pulmonary coefficient were measured. The amylase activity and calcium concentration in plasma and PLA(2) in ascites and homogenate of lung were determined. The survival time and mortality of rats in different groups were recorded, and the pathomorphism of pancreas and lung was observed under microscope.

RESULTS
Verapamil reduced the mortality (P<0.05), and prolonged the survival time of rats with AP significantly (P<0.05), attenuated ascites volume, amylase activity and hypocalcemia in plasma, PLA(2) activity in ascites and lung homogenate, and ameliorated the inflammatory injury of pancreas and lung.

CONCLUSION
The results suggest that PLA(2) plays a role in the injury of lung complicated by AP and verapamil possesses a therapeutic effect on the AP induced by sodium deoxycholate in rats, in which the mechanism might be due to inhibit PLA(2) activity by blocking calcium channel to ameliorate the damage of pancreas and lung which is induced by the overload of Ca(2+).


Abstract:  We report a unique occurrence of linear multiple trichoepitheliomas that follow Blaschko lines on the face of an otherwise healthy 8‐year‐old African American girl. Per the mother, the lesions had been present since birth. The diagnosis was made based on the histologic presence of palisading basaloid cells surrounding central areas of follicular differentiation and papillary mesenchymal bodies. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report of linear multiple trichoepitheliomas following the lines of embryologic cutaneous cell development, and possibly, the first of congenital multiple trichoepitheliomas.


In the valley of the Upper Yenisei IV instar larvae of A. vexans vexans were traced with 32P and then 1.86 mln imagos were released. Among 442 857 mosquitoes caught after hatching 243 were traced. Most of the traced individuals did not yet start looking for prey and were caught during the first five days near the hatching site. 14 radioactive females were caught within 4.5 km distance from the hatching site in the following weeks.


The phenomenon that occurs in today's children is the decreasing number of play activities that involve children's physical activity. This study aims to produce five models of motor perception activity to improve executive function in kindergarten students. This research was pursued by using the research & development method. The research procedure consisted of four stages; Stage 1. Preliminary study (N=50); Stage 2. Development of 5 models of motor perception activity; Stage 3. Expert validation consists of lecturers (N=7) and teachers (N=3); and Stage 4. Trial of motor perception activity model (N=50). The data collection technique used was in the form of filling out observation sheets for 50 parents. Data analysis was summarized in the form of quantitative descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis. The results showed that children's motoric elements were low, including 15% student activity, 40% balance, 23% motor skills, 27% interest, and 57% attention. The availability of learning equipment to support motor perception activities is indicated by the percentage of 49% or very low. This motor perception activity model is created in 5 activities, namely: (1) walking on a balance beam, (2) jumping in a half circle of hola hops, (3) running, jumping, jumping & tiptoeing, (4) crawling while dribbling, and (5) throwing balloons while sitting. Based on the results of the calculation of quantitative data from the teacher's assessment as the model user, it is known that the level of implementation of the motor perception activity model for kindergarten students is very high at 96.15% and the quality of the model is very high at 94.85%. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it is known that the motor perception activity learning model is suitable for use in learning physical activity for kindergarten students while at the same time giving an impact on children's physical activity participation.