We consider the optimal link scheduling problem in wireless sensor networks. The optimal link scheduler under our consideration is intended to assign time slots to different users to minimize channel usage subject to constraints on data rate, delay bound, and delay bound violation probability; we study the problem under fading channels and a signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR)-based interference model. To the best of our knowledge, this problem has not been studied previously. We use the effective capacity model to formulate the optimal link scheduling as a mixed-integer optimization problem. We first discuss a simple case, namely, the scheduling with a fixed power allocation, and then extend to the case with variable transmit power. Moreover, because the mixed-integer optimization problem is NP-hard, we propose a computationally feasible column-generation-based iterative algorithm to search for a suboptimal solution to the problem. Finally, we design a medium access control (MAC) protocol to implement our optimal link scheduling strategy in practical wireless networks. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme achieves a larger throughput, a larger admission region, and a higher power efficiency than a benchmark time-division multiple-access (TDMA) system.


Two compounds, β-dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (Benadryl), and β-morpholinoethyl benzhydryl ether hydrochloride (A-446), possessed in experimental animals pharmacologic properties similar in type, but different in intensity. The intensity of reactions and toxicity of Benadryl was roughly twice that of the morpholino compound. In aminals both substances caused a complex syndrome of excitant reactions predominantly neurogenic in origin involving motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Small doses increased the cardiac and respiratory rates. Irrespective of the mode of administration, toxic doses of either compound caused excitement, spastic ataxia, extreme irritability, sensitivity to sound, mydriasis, painful hyperaesthesia, convulsive attacks, and respiratory and myocardial embarrassment. Death occurred from respiratory and myocardial depression following violent excitement and terminal prostration. Duration of reactions varied with the route of administration. Dogs recovered in 15 minutes to about 3 hours from intravenous and 2 to 8 hours from peroral administration of non-lethal amounts. Intravenously to dogs 2.5 mg./kg. of Benadryl and 5.0 mg./kg. of A-446 caused no reaction. Perorally 12.5 to 20 mg./kg. of Benadryl, and 20 to 30 mg./kg. of A-446 twice daily were well tolerated. Neither Benadryl or A-446 caused somnolence or cumulative toxic action in animals. No tolerance, sensiti zation or anaphylactic reactions occurred. The histopathologic changes produced by toxic doses of both compounds were related to vasodilation, congesticn and stasis. In tolerated doses no acute or cumulative degenerative tissue changes occurred. The hematologic picture and physiologic function of liver and kidneys were essentially unaffected by either compound. Barbiturates controlled excitant neurologic reactions, but did not prevent respiratory-cardiac depression. Benadryl and A-446 were well tolerated in animals in appropriate dosage range for a period of six months. The former was the more active compound and on the basis of this study was submitted to clinical trials, results of which have been reported elsewhere.


Semiconductor-based heterogeneous photocatalysis has received considerable attention as an alternative promising approach to alleviate the globally increasing energy demand and environmental concerns. As promising candidates, one dimensional (1D) CdS nanostructures have gained growing interest due to their unique advantages, including a narrow band gap, suitable band edge positions, high aspect ratio structure with low reflectance, and excellent electronic charge transfer. This review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of 1D CdS based photocatalysts with boosted performance, involving constructing 1D solid solution, loading cocatalysts, coupling with semiconductors, hybridizing with carbon-based materials and functionalization with biocatalysts. Finally, some challenges and opportunities for future exploration of 1D CdS based photocatalysts are critically discussed. It is anticipated that this review will afford enriched information on the rational utilization of 1D CdS materials with ameliorated performances by harnessing their inherent merits, and particularly stimulate further developments of low dimensional heterostructures towards various artificial photoredox reactions.


Foreign body granuloma is a reaction to either a biodegradable substance or inert material. In a breast cancer patient who had undergone an excision or mastectomy with axillary clearance, a foreign body granuloma in the axilla may be misinterpreted as an axillary lymph node. We report our experience with a case of cotton-ball granuloma of the axilla in a breast cancer patient, which mimics a lymph node radiologically from the CT scan, mammogram and ultrasonography. Following biopsy and excision, the mass was diagnosed histologically as a foreign body granuloma.


[MR. L. F. TAYLOR, of the Indian Educational Service, was the official entrusted by the Government of Burma with the preparation of the gramophone records of the languages of that Province, which have lately been presented to the School of Oriental Studies. It was he, also, who prepared the valuable report on the Preparatory Stage or Linguistic Census, for the proposed linguistic survey of Burma. In the course of correspondence on these subjects, I appealed to him for help in the vexed question of the tones peculiar to these forms of speech, and he very kindly undertook a minute inquiry into the subject and forwarded to me the notes which form the body of this paper. As they were too valuable to be consigned to the obscurity of office records, with his permission I have arranged them into the form of an article. So far as I know these notes of Mr. Taylor's are the only attempts at illustrating graphically the tones of several important languages of Further India that have been published. In this connexion, I would also refer the student to Dr. C. N. Bradley's valuable articles on pp. 282 ff. of vol. xxxi (1911) of the Journal of the American Oriental Society and on pp. 39 ff. of vol. xlvi (1915) of the Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. The first deals with Siamese and the second with two Chinese dialects. In each the wave-lengths of the tones used in these languages as mechanically recorded in the Rousselot apparatus were carefully measured and plotted, forming curves or patterns of pitch which could be shown upon a chart. It is interesting to find that the results thus obtained by Dr. Bradley for Siamese closely agree with those recorded by Mr. Daniel Jones and Mr. Taylor.


Receptors associated with trace amines, 1st subtype (TAAR1), are the promising targets for the development of new pharmacological approaches to the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently TAAR1 agonists are undergoing clinical trials as new pharmacologically active agents with antipsychotic action. At the same time, the expression of TAAR1 and the physiological significance of these receptors as regulators of the activity of catecholaminergic structures in the Central nervous system suggest that the activation of TAAR1 can have a therapeutic effect in patients suffering from mental diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which are accompanied by violations of impulsive and compulsive control. This paper is an attempt to critically evaluate the currently existing data set obtained during testing of TAAR1 ligands in in vivo studies over the past 5 years. The analysis suggests that TAAR1 agonists may provide and have a limited anti-compulsive effect when used in the clinic.


Following the discovery of heart regeneration in zebrafish, several more species within the Cyprinidae family have been found to have the same capability, suggesting heart regeneration may be conserved within this family. Although gonad regeneration has been observed in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), one of the largest cyprinid fish, the species' response to cardiac injury has not been characterized. Surprisingly, we found cardiomyocytes do not repopulate the injured region following cryoinjury to the ventricle, instead exhibiting unresolved fibrosis and decreased cardiac function that persists for the 8-week duration of this study. Compared to other cyprinid fish studied, infiltration of macrophages is delayed and muted in this model. Additionally, fibroblasts are depleted following injury, a phenomenon not previously described in any cardiac model. This study shows that heart regeneration is not conserved among the Cyprinidae family and suggests the important role of non-fibroblasts in chronic fibrosis. Further study of these phenomenon may reveal the underlying differences between regeneration versus unresolved fibrosis in heart disease. Summary statement Grass carp, a member of the Cyprinidae family that includes regenerative zebrafish, do not regenerate functional cardiac tissue after cryoinjury. Instead, healing progresses through collagen deposition and scar formation.


Fast and inexpensive identification of epidemiological links between limited number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is required to initially evaluate hospital outbreaks, laboratory crosscontaminations, and family or small community transmissions. The ligation-mediated PCR methods (LM-PCR) appear sufficiently discriminative and reproducible to be considered as a good candidate for such initial, epidemiological analysis. Here, we compared the discriminative power of the recently developed in our laboratory fast ligation amplification polymorphism (FLAP) method with fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP). Verification of the results was based on analyzing a set of reference strains and RFLP-IS6110 typing. The HGDI value was very similar for both LM-PCR methods and RFLP-IS6110 typing. However, only 52% of strains were correspondingly grouped by both FLiP and FLAP methods. Differentiation by FLAP method demonstrated a limited similarity to IS6110-RFLP (37,7%). As much as 78,7% of strains were grouped identically when differentiated by FLiP and IS6110-RFLP methods. The analysis differentiated 31, 35, and 36 groups when using FLAP, FLiP, and RFLP-IS6110 methods, respectively.


The potential energy surface (PES) for reaction of C2H3 + HO2 was examined by using high-level quantum chemical methods. Conventional transition state theory (TST) was used to determine the rates where the reaction has a tight transition state; variable reaction coordinate transition-state theory (VRC-TST) was used for rate constant calculations corresponding to the barrierless reactions. And Rice–Ramsberger–Kassel–Marcus/Master-Equation (RRKM/ME) theory was used to calculate the pressure-dependent rate constants of these channels. The major product channel of the reaction C2H3 + HO2 is the formation of C2H3O2H via a highly vibrationally excited product. Thermochemical properties of the species involved in the reactions were determined using the QCISD(T)/CBS//M062X/6-311++G(d,p) method and enthalpies of formation of species were compared with literature values. The calculated rate constants are in good agreement with limited data from the literature and are given in modified Arrhenius equation form, which are useful in combustion modeling of hydrocarbons. Finally, in order to investigate the effect of the calculated parameters on ignition delay, they were used to simulate ignition delay with the current mainstream mechanism. It is shown that these parameters have improved the mechanism and that the simulation results for ethylene ignition in a shock tube are similar to the observed values.


PURPOSE
This present study aims to explore the influence of metformin and postoperative insulin pump use on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received surgery in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes.

METHODS
613 CRC patients who had comorbid T2DM and received surgery at a single clinical center from Jan, 2011 to Dec, 2021 were included in this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to find predictive factors for overall complications and major complications. Cox regression analyses was used to find prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to show the OS and DFS between the insulin pump group and the no insulin pump group.

RESULTS
Multivariate logistic regression analysis reported that lower body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.01, OR = 0.922, 95% CI = 0.870-0.977) and metformin use (p = 0.03, OR = 0.643, 95% CI = 0.431-0.959) were independent protective factors for overall complications, and insulin pump after surgery (p < 0.01, OR = 3.991, 95% CI = 2.434-6.544) was an independent risk factor for overall complications. As for major complications, metformin use (p = 0.042, OR = 0.274, 95% CI = 0.079-0.956) and insulin pump after surgery (p = 0.03, OR = 2.892, 95% CI = 1.107-7.552) remained independent protective factors and independent risk factors, respectively. Moreover, in Cox regression analyses, age (OS: p < 0.01, HR = 1.032, 95% CI = 1.008-1.057; DFS: p < 0.01, HR = 1.030, 95% CI = 1.008-1.052), tumor stage (OS: p < 0.01, HR = 1.709, 95% CI = 1.244-2.346; DFS: p < 0.01, HR = 1.696, 95% CI = 1.276-2.254), and Insulin pump after surgery (OS: p < 0.01, HR = 2.923, 95% CI = 1.887-4.527; DFS: p < 0.01, HR = 2.671, 95% CI = 1.779-4.009) were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS. After comparing the OS and DFS between the insulin pump group and the no insulin pump group, patients who received postoperative insulin pump had worse OS and DFS in all tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Diabetic CRC patients who used metformin had a lower risk of postoperative complications. However, there was no difference from patients not using metformin in terms of survival. Furthermore, patients receiving postoperative insulin pump had more postoperative complications and worse survival in all TNM stages.


The mode selection and resource allocation in fog radio access networks (F-RANs) have been advocated as key techniques to improve spectral and energy efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimization of mode selection and resource allocation in uplink F-RANs, where both of the traditional user equipments (UEs) and fog UEs are served by constructed network slice instances. The concerned optimization is formulated as a mixed-integer programming problem, and both the orthogonal and multiplexed subchannel allocation strategies are proposed to guarantee the slice isolation. Motivated by the development of machine learning, two reinforcement learning based algorithms are developed to solve the original high complexity problem under traditional and fog UEs' specific performance requirements. The basic idea of the proposals is to generate a good mode selection policy according to the immediate reward fed back by an environment. Simulation results validate the benefits of our proposed algorithms and show that a tradeoff between system power consumption and queue delay can be achieved.


Preface and Acknowledgments (Steven V. Hicks and Daniel E. Shannon, Editors). Editorial Introduction: Rethinking Nature, Culture, and Freedom (Steven V. Hicks). 1 From a State of War to Perpetual Peace (Edward Demenchonok). 2 Discourse Ethics, Democracy, and International Law: Toward a Globalization of Practical Reason (Karl-Otto Apel). 3 Rethinking Global Justice from the Perspective of All Living Nature and What Difference it Makes (James P. Sterba). 4 Human Rights, Global Justice, and Disaggregated States: John Rawls, Onora O'Neill, and Anne-Marie Slaughter (Alyssa R. Bernstein). 5 Beyond Intrinsic Value: Undermining the Justification of Ecoterrorism (Charles S. Brown). 6 Does Kant Have Anything to Teach Us about Environmental Ethics? (Marc Lucht). 7 A Cultural Critique of Cultural Relativism (Xiaorong Li). 8 Culture, Evil, and Horror (Paul Santilli). 9 Persons: Natural, Functional, or Ethical Kind? (John P. Lizza). 10 The Subject of Freedom at the End of History: Socialism Beyond Humanism (John Sanbonmatsu). 11 A Rediscovery of Heaven-and-Human Oneness (Keping Wang).


The microstructure and mechanical behaviour of dual-phase steels are highly sensitive to the variation of the process (temperature of austeno-ferritic heat treatment). Online control by magnetic method is relevant to detect any fluctuation of the microstructure. The dual-phase is a steel composed of ferrite and martensite phases. Each phase can be considered as a sphere embedded in a homogeneous equivalent medium. The magnetic model used for each phase is based on a magneto-mechanical coupled model. This is an explicit single crystalline model representative of the behaviour of the corresponding phase. Localization rules allow the simulation of the average medium. Experiments are carried out and compared to the modelling.


In this study, we developed a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for intelligent tires. This TENG was adhered on the inner surface of a racing cart tire. The charged voltage and output voltage of the TENG were evaluated on the moving belt. The output voltage signals were observed at the contact patch position. The charged voltage to the 10 µF capacitor of was found to be approximately 14 V at the speed of 16 km/h after the tire rolled for 15 min. These results suggest that TENG can work as an energy harvester for temperature and pressure sensors built into intelligent tires as well as for wireless transmission.


The first two novels from Margaret Atwood's projected MaddAddam eco-trilogy, Oryx and Crake (2003) and The Year of the Flood (2009) depict a corporate capitalism, or corporatism, constantly pushing its limits by privileging unregulated techno-scientific endeavours with palpable results and high financial yield. This lack of regulation—legal, ethical, moral—emerges as the main problem highlighted by the two companion dystopias. This article argues that Atwood critiques the privileging of the techno-scientific epistemology to the detriment of the humanistic one, and emphasizes the need for an integrated episteme in an immanent system. Methodologically, the comparative analysis focuses on close readings of illustrative excerpts from the novels, side by side with Michel Foucault's theorization of the episteme and Felix Guattari's concept of the three ecologies, while Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's description of the plane of immanence of capitalism informs the conceptualization of corporatism.


Science Fictions A Scientific Mystery, a Massive Cover-Up, and the Dark Legacy of Robert Gallo. John Crewdson. Little, Brown, New York, 2002. 688 pp. $27.95, C$39.95. ISBN 0-316-13476-7. Expanding and filling in the claims he made in his 1989 Chicago Tribune article, Crewdson follows the story of the Gallo case through 1995. He charges Gallo with a wide variety of unethical behavior during the discovery and isolation of HIV.


We study the impact of using informational messaging aimed at encouraging women to seek a career in technology and the resulting trade-offs for organizations pursuing recruitment strategies of this kind. Our treatment, implemented through two field experiments among potential applicants to a five-month software-coding program targeted at low-income women in Peru and Mexico, counterbalances the strong male stereotype associated with a career in tech. Although our informational messages substantially increase application rates, including candidates at the top of the cognitive skill distribution, they introduce negative selection on cognitive skills, implying a higher cost of screening. Moreover, we observe selection on the noncognitive dimensions addressed with the treatment (e.g., stronger gender stereotypes and traditional norms). This points to the barriers that preclude more women from applying to tech positions, as well as the trade-offs for organizations of adopting such a strategy. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.


SUMMARY: Illegal addictive drugs can lead to functional or structural impairment of the central nervous system. This review provides an overview of the structural imaging findings on CT, MR imaging, and conventional angiography related to chronic and acute abuse of the most commonly abused illegal drugs, including cannabis, organic solvents, and amphetamines and opioids and their respective derivatives. Pathomechanisms include excitotoxicity, which may lead to an acute or subacute leukoencephalopathy, and vascular complications, including vasoconstriction, vasculitis, or hypertension, which may lead to intracranial hemorrhage or ischemia. Because clinical findings alone are often nonspecific, and afflicted patients are unlikely to admit to the substance abuse, the neuroradiologist may play an important role in establishing the diagnosis and, thereby, initiating treatment.


Abstract
Gender is a defining feature of informal/precarious work in the twenty-first century, yet studies rarely adopt a gendered lens when examining collective efforts to challenge informality and precarity. This chapter foregrounds the gendered dimensions of informal/precarious workers' struggles as a crucial starting point for re-theorizing the future of global labor movements. Drawing upon the findings of the volume's six chapters spanning five countries (the United States, Canada, South Korea, Mexico, and India) and two gender-typed sectors (domestic work and construction), this chapter explores how gender is intertwined into informal/precarious workers' movements, why gender is addressed, and to what end. Across countries and sectors, informal/precarious worker organizations are on the front lines of challenging the multiple forms of gendered inequalities that shape contemporary practices of accumulation and labor regulation. They expose the forgotten reality that class structures not only represent classification struggles around work, but also around social identities, such as gender, race, and migration status. However, these organizing efforts are not fighting to transform the gendered division of labor or embarking on revolutionary struggles to overturn private ownership and liberalized markets. Nonetheless, these struggles are making major transformations in terms of increasing women's leadership and membership in labor movements and exposing how gender interacts with other ascriptive identities to shape work. They are also radicalizing hegemonic scripts of capitalist accumulation, development, and even gender to attain recognition for female-dominated occupations and reproductive needs for the first time ever. These outcomes are crucial as sources of emancipatory transformations at a time when state and public support for labor and social protection is facing a deep assault stemming from the pressures of transnational production and globalizing markets.


Salinity is an abiotic influencer to the growth and the efficiency of the algal Symbiodinium that coexists in symbiosis with corals. In light of the high salinity conditions that prevail in the Arabian Gulf including the waters of Qatar, we observed the effect of salinity above local-ambient levels on Symbiodinium's growth rate, biomass and its photosynthetic efficiency. Symbiodinium sp. extracted from Platygyra daedalea was launched in f/2 media in controlled incubator conditions at salinities of 30, 40 (control), 45, 50, 60 and 70 psu for 11 days. Subsamples were obtained and fixed for cell density counts and growth rate calculations. Photosynthetic efficiency was determined using an Aquapen, and biomass at the end of the experiment was sent for biochemical characterization. A two-way ANOVA test was performed on the data using SigmaPlot software. Our results indicated that at salinities 55 psu and greater, significant decline in both cell density and photosynthetic efficiency was observed. At 70 psu, growth rate was exclusively negatively affected, and biochemical compositions varied at all salinity levels with a notable increase in lipid content at 70 psu. Impact of high salinity has not been widely studied in the Arabian Gulf. Thus, this study will aid conservational efforts while also encouraging further studies on the contribution of abiotic factors to Symbiodinium sp. growth in the region.


It is a sadness, but it is always easier to review bad books or dreadful plays than good ones. This may be related to some intellectual perversion peculiar to reviewers. (How can one be lancinatingly clever when obliged to say nice things about the book?) But the selection of fare for newspaper and magazines stories and the eternal popularity of tangy gossip suggest that there might be more public interest generated by needle and burr than by balm and kudo. But there are great plays and books that even the most acerbic critic must acknowledge and applaud. Such a book is the sixth edition of Duncan's Diseases of Metabolism . Philip K. Bondy has taken the splendid Duncan of the past, and with the aid of 33 luminous coauthors, has created a superior 1969 rendition. It comes in two volumes: "Genetics" and "Metabolism" in the first and "Endocrinology" and "Nutrition" in


The works created for this research are responses to some perceived impediments to social change which have been linked to issues faced by our environmentally challenged planet. This research is framed by the notion of culture as nature, termed by Janine Burke. 1 However I have viewed this conceptual space as vast and inclusive residing between binary oppositional structures. Part of the process of undoing, opening up and expanding oppositions is to enable an active and open space where hearing/ listening/ imagining/ and visualising become active communication methods. Some of the works exhibited and produced for this PhD research, are remediated from live performance events and some are performative photographs that are created as performances for the camera. Space, Place and Recurring History is an analysis through art practice, of relations to place that have left social, historical and environmental traces which are experienced as obstructions from the past relived in the present.

The artworks produced for this research have varied in performance methodology. The Crossing is a collaborative performance event that occurred on Lock Island, Mildura. The local Indigenous community was involved as well as six other performers and production crew. The video remediation is seen over six video chapters where the exhibition space governs the installation and viewing possibilities. Another performance methodology occurred for A Prayer that was commissioned as an interventionist style performance for the 2007 Darwin Festival. This was only two weeks after the Howard Government's Emergency Response into Indigenous Communities had occurred. A Prayer is situated in a busy market place amongst random shoppers that are included within the performance field.

The other works are photographically based, performances for the camera or performative photography. These works differently visualize space, place and recurring history through specific sites in relation to the body that in varying ways depict and are embedded by traces of history, climate, culture and locale. The Southern Cross- to bear and behold, Faith in a Faithless Land, Vision and Between Somewhere and Nowhere, ultimately exist as photographs that have already, or are yet to become, part of the cultural landscape.


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer doses on morphogenic and structural characteristics of mombassa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) at three different periods of the lifespan of tillers. The experiment was conducted in Araguaina-TO, Brazil, from December 2014 to February 2015. It was installed in split plots in a randomized block design with four replications. The doses of N-fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N.ha-1) were the plots and the periods evaluated (1PER – first period from day 16 to 30; 2PER from day 31 to 45 and 3PER from day 46 to 60 after germination) were the subplots. The evaluated variables consisted of leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), phyllochron, tiller number, leaf emergence, and total leaf number. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to morphogenic and structural characteristics along with a regression analysis for all the variables. Overall, increasing N-fertilizer doses positively influenced the leaf appearance and leaf elongation rates, tiller density, and the number of live leaves per tiller. The 90-kg N.ha-1 dose enabled the best morphogenic and structural responses of the forage when compared to the other rates. Each period featured differently, with higher values of LSR, SER, and LER in 3PER when compared to those in 2PER and in 1PER. Therefore, the nutritional supply over the first weeks of tiller lives was defining to an increase in forage production in the remaining periods. In light of this, we observed that as LAR raise in the first days after germination, nutritional supplies are required from day 15 on, mainly nitrogen, so plants could continue their development since initial plant growth determines pasture productive vigor and longevity.


Building an Internet based tele-robotic system requires the developers being proficient in computer theory, network technology, control theory, etc. A Flexible, open structured and module based framework for tele-control system is proposed on the basis of abstraction and analysis of existing Internet-based control systems. This framework is designed following the peer to peer (P2P) distributed computing model. As a key to the system, the XML based ontology of resources/modules/peers is discussed, so do the model for dynamically allocating of resources, based on which the coordination among modules or peers can then be implemented. The experiment system and its experimental results prove the feasibility of the framework and its ease to use.


Recent JWST/NIRcam imaging taken for the ultra-deep UNCOVER program reveal a very red, triply imaged, compact dropout object at z phot (cid:39) 7 . 66 which is prominently lensed by the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 ( z d = 0 . 308). All three images are very compact, i.e


Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers and Murraya koenigii leaves have been reported to have the potential to control hair loss. The aim was to develop a formulation containing extracts of both herbs and test its safety and efficacy to control hair loss. Both herbs have been extracted using a suitable solvent and then incorporated into the oil phase of an oil in water microemulsion. It has been optimized for its oil phase: surfactant concentration: water phase ratio and then characterized for its particle size, zeta potential, drug release in vitro, ex vivo. Primary skin irritation and Qualitative hair growth studies have been carried out to determine the safety and efficacy of the formulation respectively. The hair growth potential has also been compared against a standard marketed formulation. The optimized microemulsion was non-irritant and had a greater efficacy to control hair loss than the standard.


The observation of electric dipole moments (EDMs) in atomic systems due to parity and time-reversal violating (P,T-odd) interactions can probe new physics beyond the standard model and also provide insights into the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. The EDMs of open-shell atomic systems are sensitive to the electron EDM and the P,T-odd scalar-pseudoscalar (S-PS) semi-leptonic interaction, but the dominant contributions to the EDMs of diamagnetic atoms come from the hadronic and tensor-pseudotensor (T-PT) semi-leptonic interactions. Several diamagnetic atoms like 129Xe, 171Yb, 199Hg, 223Rn, and 225Ra are candidates for the experimental search for the possible existence of EDMs, and among these 199Hg has yielded the lowest limit till date. The T or CP violating coupling constants of the aforementioned interactions can be extracted by combining the EDM measurements from with atomic and nuclear calculations. In this work, we report the calculations of the EDMs of the above atoms by including both the electromagnetic and P,T-odd violating interactions simultaneously. These calculations are performed by employing relativistic many-body methods based on the random phase approximation (RPA) and the singles and doubles coupled-cluster (CCSD) method starting with the Dirac-Hartree-Fock (DHF) wave function in both cases. The differences in the results from both the methods shed light on the importance of the non-core-polarization electron correlation effects that are accounted for by the CCSD method. We also determine THE electric dipole polarizabilities of these atoms, which have computational similarities with EDMs and compare them with the available experimental and other theoretical results to assess the accuracy of our calculations.


Abstract The architecture of fiscal federalism in the United States represents an obstacle for prompt and comprehensive policy responses to economic crises, especially by subnational levels of government. As both a public health and economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has put unique fiscal pressures on subnational governments. This article reviews the pandemic's fiscal effects on these governments, as well as the federal government's response. By comparing the response to the COVID-19 crisis during the Trump administration with the response to the Great Recession during the Obama administration, we show that while the speed and magnitude of federal aid was unprecedented in 2020, it was nevertheless conditional in nature and beset by familiar political and institutional obstacles. Despite major fiscal pressures, state revenues rebounded earlier than expected, in part due to the relaxation of public health measures and the collection of taxes from online transactions; yet, state resources remained strained throughout the year, especially in states reliant on the hospitality and the oil sectors. And while local property taxes were buoyed by a surging housing market, cities and counties were confronted with declining revenue from other sources and intense emergency spending needs. Thus, despite unprecedented levels of federal support for state and local governments, the legacies of "fend for yourself" federalism live on.


. The maximum entropy principle as described in the first, intro ductory part of the paper is applied to 2 problems: the estimation of the power spectrum from a finite number of values of the autocovariance function, and the determination of the density within the Earth from its mass, radius, and moment of inertia. In both cases the available information is given in terms of known values of linear functionals and the maximum entropy principle is used to derive a probability distribution for the values of the unknown func tion. The expectation value of the probability distribution for the spectral power is shown to be equal to the well-known maximum entropy power spectrum. The expectation value for the density within the Earth is in -with respect to the few data used - good agreement with that of accepted Earth models.


A method alternative to the density matrix formalism is applied to derive a general expression for the radiative decay probability following the photoionization of polarized atoms in two-step approximation. The graphical technique of the angular momentum theory is used for the integration over angular and spin variables. The general expression joining both steps of photoionization and fluorescence contains the possibility to investigate the polarization of all particles in the initial and final states and the angular distributions as well as angular correlations of photoelectrons and radiation. A simple way to get the expressions for special cases of the angular distribution and polarization of fluorescence radiation in the photoionization of randomly orientated and polarized atoms is given as an example of the practical application of the general formula.


Corrosion which seriously affects the quality and functionality of steel can be reduced by hot dip aluminizing which involves dipping substrate to a molten aluminum bath. Thus, this study aimed to produce hot dip aluminized coating for steel using discarded soda cans. A total of 80 steel nails with length of 65.62±0.56 mm were used wherein 40 nails were intended for the hot dip aluminizing process at 650-700 °C with an average coating mass and thickness of 547 g/m 2 and 170 μm, respectively, with density of 2.627 g/cm 3 following ASTM standards. Compared to the non-coated setups, the fabricated aluminum coating reduced 0.178g and 0.092g of corrosion products accumulation after immersions on H2O2 and NaCl solutions for 7 days and 4 weeks, respectively. Optical analysis of surface and cross sections of the coated samples showed less pitting, and corrosion products. Aluminum coating tends to pit that starts from small cracks and fractures when immersed in corrosive medium. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy showed that the coated nail sample experienced minimal corrosion in the form of thin cracks compared to non-coated nails which had relatively rough surface as result of heavy corrosion. In addition, t-test showed significant difference between the accumulated corrosion products' weights of coated and non-coated setups after immersing in NaCl (t = -13.801; p = 0.000) and H2O2 (t = -31.005; p = 0.000) wherein less corrosion product was obtained by the coated set-up (x̅ = 0.036 (H2O2) and x̅ = 0.028 (NaCl)). Thus, the results proved that the produced aluminized coating from waste soda cans provides a significant corrosion protection on the steel substrates. World Scientific News 108 (2018) 158-179 -159


Adversarially trained models exhibit a large generalization gap: they can interpolate the training set even for large perturbation radii, but at the cost of large test error on clean samples. To investigate this gap, we decompose the test risk into its bias and variance components and study their behavior as a function of adversarial training perturbation radii ($\varepsilon$). We find that the bias increases monotonically with $\varepsilon$ and is the dominant term in the risk. Meanwhile, the variance is unimodal as a function of $\varepsilon$, peaking near the interpolation threshold for the training set. This characteristic behavior occurs robustly across different datasets and also for other robust training procedures such as randomized smoothing. It thus provides a test for proposed explanations of the generalization gap. We find that some existing explanations fail this test--for instance, by predicting a monotonically increasing variance curve. This underscores the power of bias-variance decompositions in modern settings-by providing two measurements instead of one, they can rule out more explanations than test accuracy alone. We also show that bias and variance can provide useful guidance for scalably reducing the generalization gap, highlighting pre-training and unlabeled data as promising routes.


Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of several known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the malignant transformation in gliomas. We hypothesized that quantitative analysis of methylated genes will provide prognostic values in malignant glioma patients. We used an immunocapturing approach followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect altered patterns of promoter methylation in O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p16INK4a, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1). The tumor tissue and paired serum as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 66 patients with malignant gliomas were studied. Serum and CSF from 20 age-matched noncancer individuals were used as control. Promoter hypermethylation in MGMT, p16INK4a, TIMP-3, and THBS1 was detected at high frequencies in tumor tissue, serum, and CSF. None of the control serum or CSF showed aberrant methylation. Hypermethylation in serum and CSF DNA was all accompanied with methylation in the corresponding tumor tissues with 100% specificity. Highly elevated MGMT, p16INK4a, and THBS1 methylation levels in gliomas serum were the sole independent factors predicting inferior overall survival in this cohort. For progression-free survival, hypermethylation of MGMT and THBS1 in CSF were the independent prognostic factors. Multiple gene promoter hypermethylation analysis appears to be promising as a prognostic factor in glioma and as a mini-invasive tumor marker in serum and/or CSF DNA. Evaluation of these changes may help in selecting glioma patients for optimal adjuvant treatments and modifying chemotherapy.


Fluid flow through UCRs (Unoconventional Reservoirs) is governed by several mechanisms such as viscous, convection (comprises of diffusion and advection), sorption (comprises of absorption and adsorption), capillary and inertial forces taking places in two different domains - inorganic (rock) domain and organic (kerogen) domain. These mechanisms act in two main pore scale levels, Micro- and Nano-pores, in addition to the Macro scale level considered to host the flow within fractures and fissures whenever encountered (naturally existing or induced). This research aims at building a comprehensive model, based on thorough understanding of these fluid flow complexities of UCRs. The developed modeling technique assumed to predict fluid flow by coupling the effect of both displacement and trapability forces and relating these forces within the three pore scale levels (Macro, Micro and Nano). A fundamental model for the above mentioned mechanisms has been established. Sensitivity study to determine the contributions of these specific mechanisms along with a criterion to develop tight UCRs is presented.
 A new and unique flow behavioral model to enable predicting flow characteristics through tight UCRs within nanopores has been established. This model will be used in estimating realistic hydrocarbon-in-place, reserves, and profiling production performance using different potential methods. This research has the following specific outcomes: (1) Comprehensive workflow and methods of UCR characterization. (2) A model to predict the fluid flow behavior through UCRs. (3) A criterion to predict the effects of different flow parameters (displacement & trapability) on fluid flow behavior in UCRs. (4) A new field-development scheme suitable for tight UCRs.


The Tec family tyrosine kinase Itk is an important transducer of T cell activating signals. Itk regulates the levels of two second messengers Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, which are required for initiating transcriptional programs important for T cell priming and differentiation. How T cells translate intracellular signaling cascades into distinct functional outcomes remains a fundamentally important question. We hypothesize that distinct mechanisms of Itk activation lead to Ca2+ patterns that result in divergent T cell responses. Itk activation requires recruitment via its Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain to its membrane ligand PIP3, which is generated by PI-3 kinase. Here, we report a role for Calmodulin (CaM) in sustaining Itk activity and Ca2+ responses. CaM is a downstream Ca2+ sensor that controls numerous cellular enzymes, including Calcineurin. We have identified a novel interaction between the Itk PH domain and CaM. NMR analyses revealed that CaM binds adjacent to the PIP3 binding pocket, leading us to hypothesize that CaM regulates PIP3 binding. CaM inhibition or genetic mutation of the CaM binding site resulted in decreased PIP3 association and Itk activation, resulting in less sustained Ca2+ responses. We propose a model in which initial Itk activation results in low Ca2+ increases that feedback to boost membrane recruitment of Itk via CaM. We speculate that T cell responses requiring sustained Ca2+ signals, such as T cell differentiation require this feedback loop.


Globally 245 mobile money services are active in 84 countries, 52 markets have two or more Mobile Financial Services (MFS) services and it's now available in most developing and emerging markets. The industry continue to grow since its inception in 2001 and the number of active mobile money accounts stands over 60 million active accounts globally (end of June'13). A total of 13 mobile money services have now reached scale, with over 1 million active users. 123 mobile insurance, credit and savings are live with an indication of deepening MFS trend (GSMA, 2014). These facts and numbers are not mere facts but each of those marks leap toward financial inclusion specially in developing markets (CGAP, 2014). Like other developing countries, South Asian region have taken the agenda of financial inclusion very seriously and the respective markets and regulators are putting their efforts to leave a mark in the lives of millions of financially excluded population. Four years back, in a paper titled 'mobile banking: overview of regulatory frameworks in emerging markets', I tried to go through and compare the very nascent MFS regulatory regimes of selected South Asian countries and that of some MFS pioneers. In mid 2014, it gives me immense pleasure to observe that already two (Pakistan and Bangladesh) of the discussed four markets in the region have really picked up and joined the race of leading MFS markets. The journey of these four markets has come up with some new learning. These learning give us the opportunity to instate more forward leaning, consumer friendly regulatory framework that will pave the way to a more financially inclusive South Asia. This paper in first part analyses current market situations, the concerns arising from existing setup, the regulatory moves that are under way to address the current challenges and complementary regulatory developments of selected markets (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka). In the latter part, the paper attempts to look into future trend of MFS, compare learning from these markets with that of global pioneer of mobile money, Kenya. The key questions this paper aims to answer are: -What are the existing MFS Business models in Emerging Markets of South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)? -What are the current market scenario (market size, competitor, penetration, uptake situation)? -What are the challenges in these markets? -What regulatory and policy evolution took place in these markets? -What constitutes a futuristic and consumer friendly regulatory approach? The answers to the above questions might help to expedite MFS adoption in South Asia further.


Quantitative studies of recycling, particle flux and divertor plasma parameters have been made in high density L mode discharges on the JT-60U tokamak, with the ion ∇B drift towards the divertor. The diagnostics used were Hα/Dα photon emission detectors and a Langmuir probe array. Deuterium particle influx Φ(Dα) and particle outflux Ψprobe measurements were in fairly good agreement in both the inboard and the outboard divertors. The relationship between the particle recycling and the divertor plasma parameters was investigated to clarify the conditions under which a cold and dense divertor plasma was formed. Ψ(Dα) was raised from 1022 to 1024 s-1 with increasing e and qeff. Recycling in the inboard divertor was amplified substantially owing to the appearance of a third peak in the local recycling profile, displaced from the separatrix. Numerical results from an interpretative divertor code showed that the particle amplification factor Gdiv in the inboard divertor was larger than that in the outboard divertor, and that both increased with increasing qeff and e. These results explain the observed dependence of the recycling on the parameters ne and qeff. The maximum electron density e,div in the outboard divertor was (4-7) × 1019 m-3, exceeding ne for high qeff discharges. In the same discharges, the divertor electron temperature Te,div was reduced to about 20 eV before MARFEs were observed. High e and qeff operation was favourable for obtaining a cold and dense divertor plasma


This book is a collection of thirty-one fiction and nonfiction pieces, selected by one of America's most popular and celebrated authors, including selections from his best-sellers The Monkey Wrench Gang, Desert Solitaire, The Brave Cowboy, Abbey's Road, Down the River, The Journey Home, and others. This gathering, which has the distinction of being both authored and edited by Abbey, provides a unity and consistency not found in any other collections. Those unfamiliar with Abbey will find this the ideal single-volume introduction to his work, while those who know his writing will treasure this reminder of the range of his talent. Abbey's writing - powerful, idiosyncratic, raunchy, eloquent, passionate, and profoundly honest - made him a unique voice among nature writers and brought him a wide following. "The Best of Edward Abbey" is filled with laughter at human foibles, rage at human folly, and abiding love for what Abbey calls "this delicate planet circling around the sun which humankind calls Earth."


On-scene invasive emergency procedures, such as Cricothyroidotomy, chest drain, intraosseous puncture or even in-field-amputation, are often unavoidable, when indicated, and present a major challenge for the emergency physician. Personal, temporal or local conditions are often unsuitable. Even with regular intervention by the Emergency Medical Service, "last resort" measures occur very infrequently, particularly in relation to paediatric emergencies. As well as theoretical training, practice-oriented course concepts are essential in order to achieve high quality in these procedures. This article presents the use of in-field-amputation, with reference to indication, implementation, problems and risks. It is part of a series of four articles on the subject of invasive emergency techniques.


Self-medication is a human behavior that people usually do to get solutions related to health problems, for this reason self-medication must be supervised by pharmacists. Cough is one of the symptoms of ARI that can be treated with self-medication. The purpose of this study was to find out how the level of knowledge of ARI patients on cough medicine self-medication at Apotek standby-24 Cikampek. And to know the role of pharmacy technical personnel in providing information about cough medicine self-medication. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method using a cross sectional research design. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire on 55 respondents. The population in this study were ARI patient with cough symtoms aged 15 to 50 years.  The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. This research was conducted in April - May 2021. The results of this study showed that 95.83% of respondents had a high level of knowledge of cough medicine self-medication and 4.17% showed a low level of self-medication knowledge. Then 87.50% of pharmacy staff provided complete information on self-medication of cough medicine and 12.50% of pharmacy staff were incomplete in providing information on self-medication of cough medicine. The majority of respondents understand what type of cough they suffer from and understand the selection of cough medicine so that self-medication of cough medicine can be achieved according to symptoms


OBJECTIVE
To develop a better understanding of the current health status and health care use of the population of very elderly Newfoundlanders to inform policy makers, decision makers, and health care providers about aspects of the health care system that might be in higher demand in the near future.

DESIGN
Descriptive analysis using data from the Newfoundland and Labrador component of the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network database for the 2013 calendar year.

SETTING
Newfoundland.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1204 Newfoundlanders aged 80 years and older.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Encounters with family physicians, medications used, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, laboratory tests, and mortality were described and compared by sex, age, and location (rural vs urban).

RESULTS
Compared with men, women were prescribed more medications (P = .01), were less likely to be hospitalized (P = .007), were more likely to visit an ED (P = .049), and died less frequently (P = .001). Compared with those aged 90 and older, those aged 80 to 89 made more visits to their family doctors (P = .001) and were prescribed more medications (P = .001). Predictably, those aged 90 and older died more frequently than their younger counterparts did (P = .001). Compared with those in rural communities, urban dwellers were prescribed more medications (P = .031), were hospitalized more often (P = .001), were more likely to visit the ED (P = .002), were more likely to have laboratory tests ordered (P = .001), died more frequently (P = .023), and visited their family physicians more frequently (P = .001).

CONCLUSION
Octogenarian women living in urban areas are the subcohort using the most resources. This might be owing to movement of the elderly to urban locations as they age.


In the last two decades, Ralph Cudworth (1617-88) has been acknowledged as one of the paramount figures in the history of theories of consciousness. This paper discusses the interpretation defended by Udo Thiel (1991) and Vili Lahteenmaki (2010). Both contend that, for Cudworth, the reflexivity defining consciousness does not constitute self-consciousness, which, they say, requires self-determination for practical ends. On the contrary, I argue that for Cudworth any degree of consciousness implies a species of self-perception that must be considered a degree of self-consciousness. To do justice to Cudworth's full position, I claim, we must take into account a kind of consciousness that I call 'to-oneself ' consciousness. Furthermore, I argue, the problem of the ethical self-formation of every human soul as one personality (which Cudworth calls "I myself in every man") should be seen as going beyond the mere consideration of practical rationality.


The fashionable trend in academic circles of the last decades has considered the unity of the Church a later product of development, a unity forged through the suppression of alternative (and even heretical) Christian communities. In the beginning, many scholars maintain, there was no unified Christian Church, but rather, diverse groups of Christians with often opposing views, each of them claiming to derive their teaching and legitimacy from Jesus of Nazareth. What later became the early Catholic Church was the result of a power struggle in which one group prevailed and excommunicated the rival groups, in particular those with various forms of Gnostic tendencies. Thus, in the general contemporary climate of celebrating diversity, the unity of the Church is looked upon as a later, purely accidental result, as is the traditional distinction between orthodox and heterodox Christianities; the ancient Church, in other words, "sinned" against the tacit but all-pervading contemporary


Electromagnetic (EM) computations are the cornerstone in the design process of several real-world applications, such as radar systems, satellites, and cell-phones. Unfortunately, these computations are mainly based on numerical techniques that require solving millions of linear equations simultaneously. Software-based solvers do not scale well as the number of equations-to-solve increases. FPGA solver implementations were used to speed up the process. However, using emulation technology is more appealing as emulators overcome the FPGA memory and area constraints. In this paper, we present a scalable design to accelerate the finite element solver of an EM simulator on a hardware emulation platform. Experimental results show that our optimized solver achieves 101.05x speed-up over the same pure software implementation on MATLAB and 35.29x over the best iterative software solver from ALGLIB C++ package in case of solving 2,002,000 equations.


In 1994 we reported the use of the microvascular augmented occipito-cervico-dorsal 'super-thin' flap for reconstruction of the cervical region in three cases. Since this preliminary report, we have performed a further 17 flaps, and the usefulness of the flap in the treatment of anterior cervical scar contractures in extensively burned patients has become apparent. Moreover, we have devised flaps with not only a narrow skin pedicle but also myocutaneous or island vascular pedicles. Various augmentation vessels, including myocutaneous perforators of the intercostal spaces in the back and chest, have also been used successfully. Here, we describe the microvascular augmented subdermal vascular network flaps that we have devised.


There are more painted clay sculptures in Shanxi Province than in any other province in China. These fine relics, dating from the Sui and Tang dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, are important to the study of ancient sculpture in China. We investigated the Tutang Buddha (from the Jin dynasty) and two attendant bodhisattvas (from the Ming dynasty) in the Buddha Pavilion of the Jingyin Temple in Taiyuan. The Tutang Buddha was the first clay Buddha in Jinyang (now Taiyuan). According to the inscription, the Tutang Buddha was carved out of the hill. Our onsite investigation revealed that there were coarse and fine layers of clay mixed with wheat straw. It is clear that the construction of the Tutang Buddha is different with the traditional painted clay sculpture. The two attendant bodhisattvas are the traditional painted clay sculptures, which consist of a wood framework covered with layers of coarse clay, fine clay, white ash, paper and pigments. Damaged sections of the painted sculptures were visually examined, sampled and subsequently analysed. All three sculptures have been repainted at least twice. The material samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, biological microscopy, and particle size analysis. The analysis enabled us to infer the techniques used by the creators of the sculptures. This research provides a foundation for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.


Trap identification is a first step in prospect evaluation and an important part of any exploration or assessment program. Future success in exploration will depend increasingly on an improved understanding of how traps are formed and an appreciation of the numerous varieties of trap types that exist We define a trap as any geometric arrangement of rock that permits significant accumulation of hydrocarbons in the subsurface. A trap must include a reservoir rock in which to store hydrocarbons, and a seal or set of seals that impede or stop migration out of the reservoir. Although it is the geometric arrangement of reservoirs and seals that determines if a trap is present, both reservoir and seal analysis should be an integral part of trap evaluation. Traps can be divided into three broad categories: structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and combination traps, which exhibit both structural and stratigraphic elements. We have subdivided structural traps into fold traps, traps associated with faults, traps associated with piercement features, and combination traps that require elements of both faults and folds for effectiveness. Stratigraphic traps can be grouped into primary or depositional traps, traps associated with unconformities (either above or beneath the unconformity), and secondary or diagenetic stratigraphic traps. We note that although each trap has unique characteristics, early recognition of trap type will aid in mapping and evaluating a prospect.


Inertia and damping influence the values of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) at high‐frequency loading and they must be included in computations. In the present study, different dynamic simulation procedures were carried out for two types of specimen geometries and the achieved SIF values were compared. Fast computation procedures such as harmonic modal analysis and direct steady‐state analysis were compared to the computationally expensive transient dynamic analysis. Two different methods for calculating the SIF, the J‐integral and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) methods, were applied and compared and the results showed a near perfect agreement in calculation of the mode I SIF. The Rayleigh damping model was introduced into the dynamic computation to investigate its effect and the results revealed a clear effect on the SIF at 20 kHz frequency. The fast direct steady‐state analysis showed good agreement to both harmonic modal and transient analysis with the different damping values used and is, after this study, the recommended procedure.


In care homes concerns about abuse have established a culture where all information pertaining to a person must be shared, and little attention is paid to privacy in its broader sense. The purpose of this paper is to take a human rights perspective and consider how information governance may impact on the health, well-being and quality of life of residents. It proposes a proactive approach and presents a template for a privacy impact assessment which services could use to improve their approach to privacy, protecting the human rights of those in their care, contributing to their independence and improving outcomes.,A review of historical and current thinking about the value of privacy in human services and wider society leads to a series of challenges to the way in which privacy is upheld in residential care services.,Recent preoccupations with data privacy have led to a myopic neglect of broader considerations of privacy. Whilst it continues to be important to protect the confidentiality of personal data and to ensure that residents are protected from abuse, human services that provide 24 hour care in congregated settings must not neglect broader components of privacy.,Privacy impact assessments have been widely used to check whether data privacy is being upheld. The broader concept that might be termed "Big Privacy" is introduced within which data privacy is but one section. It is suggested that big privacy is severely compromised in residential care settings, thus denying residents their human right to privacy. The extent of such violation of rights should be investigated.,Having set out the potential reach of the human right to privacy, important work needs to be done to find out how privacy might be upheld in the real world of congregate residential care. Some service providers may have solutions to the organisational challenges, have addressed staff training needs and revised risk assessment strategies so that privacy is upheld alongside other rights.,Nearly half a million people live in congregate residential care settings in England, and deprivation of privacy is argued to be a significant deprivation of human rights. Occasional tragedies and scandals in congregate settings create pressure for increasing the level of surveillance, and the right to privacy is sacrificed. This paper offers a challenge to this process, arguing that competing rights need to be balanced and privacy is an essential component of a decent quality of life.,Personal growth and development depends to some extent on choice and control over access to privacy. Recent changes in the law regarding data protection have narrowed our thinking about privacy until it is a small concept, largely concerned with data handling. This paper invites consideration of big privacy, and invites congregate residential care settings to consider how a deep and broad definition of privacy could transform these services.


A modified pattern recognition algorithm based on the residual analysis and the recursive partition is proposed in this paper, which is more effective than the original algorithm in cases of high-dimension finite-sample practical engineering problems. The proposed approach is first verified with artificial testing data and then applied to power system transient stability assessment (TSA). Case studies show that the proposed pattern recognition scheme can successfully find out the relationships between the pre-contingency steady state quantities and the stability indices under each specified fault. According to the spatial description of the obtained patterns in the feature space, the transient stability levels can be predicted according to the system operation states. Thus the TSA scheme obtained can not only predict the stability index, such as the CCT value, of faults but also offer instability preventive control strategies. Simulation results on the IEEE New-England test system verifies the feasibility and good performance of the proposed algorithm. As a pattern recognition technique, it can be widely applied in different engineering domains to realize knowledge acquisition.


For two and a half years we have conducted a medical clinic in connection with the obstetric clinics of the Chicago Lying-In Hospital and Dispensary. This was established for the purpose of cooperating with the obstetricians in the care of those women who had some medical complication of their pregnancy. Chief among the complications is heart disease. To the clinic are referred by the obstetricians all patients who, because of symptoms or physical signs, are suspected of having cardiac disease. These patients are subjected to careful examination and observation to prove or disprove the suspicion. Only about 50 per cent, of those referred have real organic heart changes. There is another group, the frequency of which we have no means of knowing, who have no symptoms and in whom the signs may be overlooked during casual examination, who have definite cardiac disease though its existence has not been suspected. These


Remote catheter navigation systems are being developed to reduce the occupational risk of the intervening physician. Despite the success of such systems, development has occurred with little fundamental knowledge of the catheter dynamics applied by the interventionalist. This paper characterizes the kinematics of a catheter during manipulation, the minimum applied force/torque during interventional procedures, and the maximum force/torque applied by an operator to overcome vasculature friction. Ten operators manipulated a 6F catheter inside a specialized catheter movement sensor to determine the velocities and accelerations of catheter motion. A mass-spring apparatus was constructed to measure the forces and torques required to overcome introducer sheath and vasculature friction. Results showed the catheter was manipulated at peak velocities and accelerations of (muplusmnsigma) : 360 plusmn 180 mmldrs-1 and 22200 plusmn 14000 mmldrs-2, and 19 plusmn 7 radldrs-1 and 900 plusmn 510 radldrs-2, for axial and radial directions of motion, respectively. A minimum force of 0.29 plusmn 0.06 N and a torque of 1.15 plusmn0.3 mNldrm was required to move the catheter through the introducer sheath; while the observed maximum applied torque was 15 mNldrm to overcome vasculature friction. The implications of these results for future design optimization of an intuitive remote catheter navigation system are considered.


Neuromorphological defects underlie neurodevelopmental disorders and functional defects. We identified a function for ribosomal protein SA (Rpsa) in regulating neuromorphogenesis using in utero electroporation to knockdown Rpsa, which results in apical dendrite misorientation, fewer/shorter extensions with decreased arborization, and decreased spine density with altered spine morphology. We investigated Rpsa's ligand, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and interacting partner on the plasma membrane, Integrin subunit α6 (Itga6). Rpsa, PEDF, and Itga6 knockdown cause similar phenotypes, with Rpsa and Itga6 overexpression rescuing morphological defects in PEDF deficient neurons in vivo. Additionally, Itga6 overexpression increases and stabilizes Rpsa expression on the plasma membrane by preventing ubiquitination of Rpsa. GCaMP6s was used to functionally analyze Rpsa knockdown via ex vivo calcium imaging. Rpsa deficient neurons showed less fluctuation in fluorescence intensity, suggesting defective sub-threshold calcium signaling. Our study identifies a role for PEDF-Rpsa-Itga6 signaling in neuromorphogenesis, thus implicating these molecules in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders and identifying them as potential therapeutic candidates.


Functional diagnostics by rational echocardiography are the base of a verifiable and reliable analysis of ventricular and valvular function. The most important functional parameters in echocardiography are cardiac volumes - especially total and effective left ventricular stroke volume -, global longitudinal strain, effective orifica areas in valvular stenoses and effective regurgitant volumes, regurgitant fraction and regurgitant orifice areas in valvular regurgitations. Standardized documentation and correct measurements are the prerequisites for accurate echocardiographic estimations. In addition, optimization of image quality supports the correctness of measurements to ensure plausibility of hemodynamics in each individual patient. However, measurements of cardiac volumes by planimetry are error-prone. In addition, calculation of the effective orifice areas using the continuity equation needs methodological accuracy and standardization. Finally, assessment of regurgitant volumes, regurgitant fraction, and regurgitant orifice is often inconsistent with stable hemodynamic conditions - especially by functional assessment the 2D-PISA method. Thus, functional diagnostics by echocardiography in valvular heart diseases should focus on a plausible hemodynamic assessment.


The Tellervo dendrochronological software builds upon the Tree-Ring Data Standard (TRiDaS) to provide a tool for recording and managing all manner of dendrochronological data. However, Tellervo is especially useful for dendroarchaeological research. The traditional file formats used in dendrochronology—and by association the applications that use them—have very limited and nonstandard methods for recording rich information about dendro samples and their context. Such information is especially important in dendroarchaeological research to ensure accurate conclusions are made. Tellervo is described here in the context of research carried out as part of the excavations of the Theodosian Harbor at Yenikapı, Istanbul.


Previous experiments with peptide fusion proteins suggested that cyclin A/Cdk1 and Cdk2 might exhibit similar yet distinct phosphorylation specificities. Using a physiological substrate, CDP/Cux, our study confirms this notion. Proteolytic processing of CDP/Cux by cathepsin L generates the CDP/Cux p110 isoform at the beginning of S phase. CDP/Cux p110 makes stable interactions with DNA during S phase but is inhibited in G2 following the phosphorylation of serine 1237 by cyclin A/Cdk1. In this study, we propose that differential phosphorylation by cyclin A/Cdk1 and cyclin A/Cdk2 enables CDP/Cux p110 to exert its function as a transcriptional regulator specifically during S phase. We found that like cyclin A/Cdk1, cyclin A/Cdk2 interacted efficiently with recombinant CDP/Cux proteins that contain the Cut homeodomain and an adjacent cyclin-binding motif (Cy). In contrast to cyclin A/Cdk1, however, cyclin A/Cdk2 did not efficiently phosphorylate CDP/Cux p110 on serine 1237 and did not inhibit its DNA binding activity in vitro. Accordingly, co-expression with cyclin A/Cdk2 in cells did not inhibit the DNA binding and transcriptional activities of CDP/Cux p110. To confirm that the sequence surrounding serine 1237 was responsible for the differential regulation by Cdk1 and Cdk2, we replaced 4 amino acids flanking the phosphorylation site to mimic a known Cdk2 phosphorylation site present in the Cdc6 protein. Both cyclin A/Cdk2 and Cdk1 efficiently phosphorylated the CDP/CuxCdc6 mutant and inhibited its DNA binding activity. Altogether our results help explain why the DNA binding activity of CDP/Cux p110 is maximal during S phase and decreases in G2 phase.


Much progress has recently been made on the relation between the crystal chemistry of arsenic and its speciation and distribution at the Earth's surface. The investigation of As-impacted soils and acid mine drainages, using synchrotron-based techniques, shows the importance of As adsorption on, or coprecipitation with, hydrous ferric oxides in delaying the long-term impact of As on the biosphere. Arsenic mobility often depends on bacterial activity, with accompanying major seasonal modifications of As speciation, even at extreme As concentrations. Remediation technologies use geochemical affinities between arsenic and specific low-temperature phases to reduce the bioavailability of arsenic.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes brain regions to undergo structural changes. Shape descriptors are useful in reflecting the morphological alterations of brain structures in AD conditions compared to volume based measures. In this work, moment based shape descriptors are used to classify control, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects. Lattice Boltzmann criterion-based hybrid level set method (LSM) is used to delineate lateral ventricles. Legendre and United moments are extracted from the segmented binary images and are statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The performance of significant moments in the shape analysis is validated using machine learning algorithm. Results demonstrate that, level set is able to delineate ventricles and found to have high similarity index with ground truth. The area under curve (AUC) values for Legendre moment is found to be 1.0, 0.75 and 1.0 for Control-MCI, MCI-AD and Control-AD subjects. Rather, the AUC for United moment is found to be 0.98, 0.76 and 0.98 for Control-MCI, MCI-AD and Control-AD subjects respectively. Further, machine learning algorithm could classify Control from AD subjects with high accuracy of 99.25% using Legendre moments and hence the study seems to be clinically significant.


In this paper, the various challenges to the prosecutorial discretion of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) are identified. It deals with two distinct areas of prosecutorial discretion: first, the scope of judicial review relating to prosecutorial decision in the light of the Privy Council judgment of Mohit v The Director of Public Prosecutions [2006] UKPC 20; and secondly, the impact and implications of the decision of the Purdy case which imposes an obligation on the DPP to issue a policy statement as regards conduct which will not be the subject matter of a prosecution even though there may be sufficient evidence to prosecute such conduct under the relevant legislation.


Entanglement not only plays a crucial role in quantum technologies, but is key to our understanding of quantum correlations in many-body systems. However, in an experiment, the only way of measuring entanglement in a generic mixed state is through reconstructive quantum tomography, requiring an exponential number of measurements in the system size. Here, we propose a machine-learning-assisted scheme to measure the entanglement between arbitrary subsystems of size N_{A} and N_{B}, with O(N_{A}+N_{B}) measurements, and without any prior knowledge of the state. The method exploits a neural network to learn the unknown, nonlinear function relating certain measurable moments and the logarithmic negativity. Our procedure will allow entanglement measurements in a wide variety of systems, including strongly interacting many-body systems in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium regimes.


Purpose: Mutations in the ELOVL4 gene have been found in Stargardt-like macular dystrophy or STD3. Previous studies have shown that ELOVL4 is involved in the biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA). The aim of this work was to develop a HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method of characterization and quantification of dipolyunsaturated phosphatidyl-choline (PC) molecular species containing VLC-PUFA and to apply it on retinas from human donors. Methods: Eyeballs were collected from calf as well as from nine human donors (body donation to Science). The neural retina was dissected from the RPE/choroid. Following lipid extraction, phosphorus content of total phospholipids was determined.Using a triple quadrupole MS instrument, PC molecular species were structurally characterized by collision-induced dissociation in the negative mode with a method based on normal-HPLC-ESIMS/MS. PC molecular species were then quantified using precursor ion scanning of m/z 184amu in the positive mode. Results: The characterization of PC species was done on bovine retinas. Among them, 28 were dipolyunsaturated PC species containing one VLC-PUFA (C24 to C36) with three to six double bonds. VLC-PUFA were always in the sn-1 position whilst PUFA at the sn-2 position was exclusively docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6.n-3). Most of these VLC-PUFA-containing dipolyunsaturated PC were detected and quantified in human retinas. The main represented compounds were those having VLC-PUFA of 32 carbon atoms (C32:3, C32:4, C32:5 and C32:6) and 34 carbon atoms (C34:3, C34:4, C34:5 and C34:6). Dipolyunsaturated PC with 36:5 and 36:6 were detected in lower quantities. Conclusions: This new HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method is sensitive and specific enough to structurally characterize and quantify all molecular species of PC, including those esterified with VLC-PUFA. This technique is valuable for a precise characterization of PC containingVLC-PUFA in retina and may be useful for better understanding their implication in the pathogenesis of STD3.


This report summarizes the practical requirements for siting radio direction finders operating in the 3 to 30 mc range and is intended primarily for the use of personnel responsible for site selection and DF antenna installation on Naval ships. The effects of reradiation from the ship's superstructure on direction finder performance are described. By the use of specific examples of shipboard installations, the merits of various siting compromises are discussed.


The authors analyse the inpatient findings accumulated from 2,179 observations on herpes zoster cases for 10 years. The clinico-epidemiological characterization of herpes zoster patients as the potential source of chickenpox infection is presented. The clinical data speak for the droplet transfer of the agent (varicella zoster virus) in this infection, which has permitted the formulation of exact practical recommendations of quarantine and isolation measures in the focus of herpes zoster.


It is known than nearly two thirds of epileptic patients can be cured by proper therapy which can be prescribed after establishing of correct diagnosis. One of the most informative instrumental diagnostic techniques is video-EEG monitoring. This communication describes the role of clinical telemetric video-EEG examination in establishing and specifying the diagnosis of epilepsy.


In this paper, we present a description of a novel high-rate plasma sputtering system that allows the control of grain size in sputtered films. Additionally, the system has the advantage of a better utilization of the target material (around 80% to 90%) by eliminating the race track at the target as in conventional plasma magnetron sputtering systems. The potential and capabilities of this novel plasma sputtering device are demonstrated in this paper by the deposition of a number of different Cr thin films suitable for underlayers in thin-film media and for which we have performed a systematic X-ray and TEM analysis to determine the grain-size histograms, mean grain diameters, and their relationship to the sputtering processes.


Thermal spray is a versatile process that produces high-quality coatings possessing diverse properties such as superhydrophobicity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, dielectric properties etc. Conventionally, powder feedstock is used in thermal spray, and this process is commercialised in numerous industrial processes. However, liquid feedstock based thermal spray is still in its development phases, due to limited information available on process parameters. Various parameters such as plasma/fuel gas, plasma current, feedrate, feeding angle, type of feedstock (suspension or solution precursor), feedstock concentration, feedstock viscosity, solvent, etc. significantly influence the thermal and kinetic energy exchange between plasma/flame and feedstock material. Suspension plasma spray (SPS) and suspension high velocity oxy-fuel spray (SHVOF), once optimised, can give rise to coatings with multiscale features. An in-depth understanding of the complex interaction between feedstock solution/suspension chemical-physical properties and plasma/flame jet characteristics is essential to understand its specific impact on coating properties and their application. This paper presents comparisons between two different TiO2 coatings, deposited by SPS and S-HVOF, and obtained by varying some of the fundamental spray deposition parameters. The surface morphology and cross-sections of the as-deposited coatings were compared through SEM/EDX. Further, surface wetting properties were analysed through measuring the static and dynamic contact angles.


The 16th Annual Latin American Symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 72nd Annual Meeting in Detroit, Ml. in February 2006. The principal objective, as for the previous 15 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 34 presentations that were given orall' in Spanish and 12 posters presented by participants from 6 countries in Latin America, Puerto Ric6 and the United States. The symposium addressed results from chemical and biological control programs and studies; studies on insecticide resistance; findings from population genetics, molecular, taxonomic, ecological, and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypli and Ac. albopictus), West Nile virus (Culex quinque/asciatus). malaria (Anopheles albimanus, An. darlingi, and An. marajoara). Icishmaniasis (Lutzonivia). Chagas' disease (Triatoma); and Amhlvonima.


We provide a coding scheme, by which an additional lonely bit can be piggybacked on a payload data packet encoded with a linear channel code, at no essential extra cost in power or bandwidth. The underlying principle is to use the additional bit to select which of two linear codes that should be used for encoding the payload packet, this way effectively creating a nonlinear code. We give a fast algorithm for detecting the additional bit, without decoding the data packet. Applications include control signaling, for example, transmission of ACK/NACK bits.


In this paper, the crushing tests of circular tubes under axial impact loading are conducted to investigate the energy absorption abilities. A cross head with 17.9 kg launched by the compressed air collides against circular tubes.
Circular tubes used for this experiment are Al and CFRP laminates, which have 8 ply with 15° and 45°. The absorbed energy unit mass and volume of the ,CFRP specimen with 15° are higher than those of aluminum specimen.
CFRP specimen having small stacking angle have better energy absorption abilities than that of large stacking angle.


Abstract : Cellulose nitrate phenyl carbamate was synthesized and characterized. When studying the synthesis, it was discovered that it is not necessary to conduct this reaction under strictly anhydrous conditions. The reaction is aided by the excess of phenyl isocyanate, elevated temperatures, suitable solvents and a low degree of substitution of nitrocellulose. Denitration occurs as the reaction progresses; however, the formation of the carbamate substituent is not directly related to the loss of the nitrate groups.


Despite rigorous multimodal therapy, recurrence is common among high-risk neuroblastoma patients. Neuroblastoma is a poorly immunogenic tumor with low tumor mutational burden (TMB). Currently, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not approved for neuroblastoma. Novel strategies to sensitize neuroblastoma to ICIs are urgently needed. We have induced mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in mouse neuro-2a tumors and show that these tumors become highly immunogenic and responsive to anti-CTLA4 but not anti-PD1 therapy.The MMR gene Mlh1 was knocked out of neuro-2a and B16F10 cells, and clones were selected. MMR-deficient (dMMR) and -proficient (pMMR) neuroblastoma tumors were grown in immunocompetent and immunodeficient animals. Tumors were harvested, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Neuro-2a tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD1, anti-CTLA4, or a combination of both antibodies. NK cells were depleted in mice treated with anti-CTLA4 using the anti-asialo GM1 antibody to examine their role in the efficacy of anti-CTLA4 treatment. dMMR B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD1 followed by the analysis of TILs. Publicly available TARGET and TCGA databases were mined to examine the effect of T-cell infiltration on neuroblastoma and melanoma patient's survival, respectively.We show that high-risk neuroblastoma and melanoma patients with tumors containing high levels of T-cell and memory T-cell-related genes have improved survival. Additionally, inducing MMR deficiency in neuro-2a cells renders these tumors immunogenic, with high T-cell infiltration, and inhibits tumor growth in mice in an immune-dependent manner. We also show that dMMR neuroblastoma tumors are highly sensitive to anti-CTLA4 but not anti-PD1 treatment. Anti-CTLA4 therapy cured most tumor-bearing mice, inducing immune memory, epitope spreading, and increased tumor-specific T-cells in cured animals. Notably, the effect of anti-CTLA4 therapy was independent of NK cells. In neuroblastoma tumors with induced MMR deficiency, anti-PD1 treatment antagonized anti-CTLA4 by upregulating inhibitory molecules on T-cells and increasing the level of dysfunctional TILs. Interestingly, anti-PD1 therapy was effective against high TMB-background melanoma tumors with induced MMR deficiency. Our data suggests that this effect relied on lowering T-cell inhibitory molecules rather than increasing T-cell infiltration into tumors.Inducing MMR deficiency in low and high TMB-background tumors leads to distinct responses to anti-PD1 therapy, with low levels of T-cell exhaustion being a positive indicator of response. Anti-CTLA4 therapy in combination with induced MMR deficiency is a novel strategy for treating low TMB-background high-risk neuroblastoma.This study was approved by the Animal Care Committee at Western University; approval number 2017-030.


Studied were the cellular changes and, more specifically, the production of symplasts as a particular form of manifesting the cytopathic effect of some strains of the Aujezsky's virus. Experiments with eight strains of the virus in tissue cultures confirmed the concept of a number of authors that in given tissue cultures virulent strains show a well pronounced trent toward the formation of symplasts containing numerous nuclei, while the latent strains stimulate the production of sporadic, rounded giant cells with a few nuclei in the aggregated cytoplasm. In the course of the investigations the primary cultures of rabbit kidney proved very suitable to demonstrate the presence of Aujeszky's disease and differentiate latent and virulent strains because of the cultures exceptional receptivity to the Aujeszky virus.


This paper describes a method of radiofrequency ablation of adenoid tissue using a coblator, comparing it with conventional and other newer methods of adenoidectomy. Its chief advantages are that it produces a bloodless field, precision of tissue removal and leads to less damage to surrounding tissues.


Drug-related crimes as a type of crime have several specific features. These features include the fact that crimes in the field of drug trafficking are a separate type of crime, and the process of narcotization, as a necessary consequence of these crimes, becomes a factor provoking the commission of other crimes, which determines the increased danger of this crime. Another feature can be considered its internationalization, which points to the problems of combating drug crime in the international arena. Thus, it is necessary to study not only the most effective measures to combat drug crime implemented in the Russian Federation, but also turn to international experience. As the analysis of measures to counteract the domestic and international nature of drug-related crimes shows, there are ample problems that need to be addressed based on the development of both the world community and the national specificity of the state. It should be noted that at the present stage, this topic is being raised by scientists of various territorial levels, taking into account such drug trafficking strategies as prohibitive, legal, or intermediate. This article analyzes the criminogenic factors of drug-related crimes inherent in different countries in order to identify the most effective countermeasures. The problems of international cooperation in the suppression of manifestations of a drug crime are identified. The goal is achieved by solving the following tasks: To analyze the multi-faceted manifestations of drug-related crimes; To investigate the criminal factors of a crime relevant to the entire world community; To characterize domestic and foreign experience in combating drug-related crimes; Identify the problems of such countermeasures and suggest recommendations for overcoming them. The methodological basis of the research is constituted by such general scientific methods as the dialectical, systematic method of research, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, and others, as well as such specific scientific methods as historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal, structural-functional, statistical. In work, the authors relied on the results of research by Russian and foreign lawyers, sociologists, psychologists in the field under consideration. The results of the study can be used in designing the international strategy for combating drug-related crimes in order to minimize its negative consequences, as well as in research activities, including in teaching activities in the preparation of lectures and practical classes in the field of criminology.


Nucleosomes in eukaryotic genomes present a barrier to the competent binding of many regulatory proteins. Pioneer transcription factors (pTFs) can bind their target sites on nucleosomal DNA and collaborate with other factors to locally open chromatin and promote transcription. While the interaction of pluripotency pioneer factors and functional partners Sox2 and Oct4 with nucleosomes has been widely studied, molecular details about their engagement in different nucleosome contexts remain elusive. Here, using high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and biochemical studies, we reveal site-specific structural and dynamic information about pTF interaction with nucleosomes. We find that the affinity of Sox2 and Oct4 to the nucleosome and their synergistic binding correlates with solvent-exposed sites but is highly position and DNA sequence dependent and linked to distinct pTF conformation and dynamics. Sox2 alone forms a super-stable complex near superhelical location 5 (SHL5) with similar affinity and conformation to that of naked DNA but shows elevated dynamics at suboptimal positions. Oct4 strongly favors positions near SHL5.5 and SHL6.5 and both of its DNA binding modules, POUS or POUHD, are required for stable complex formation. A ternary complex forms efficiently on canonical Sox2-Oct4 composite motifs (no spacing) near nucleosome ends but is sparse at spaced motifs and absent at internal sites. Moreover, the ability of Sox2 to fold and bend DNA plays a key role in the formation of a stable nucleosome complex and cooperative Oct4 binding. Collectively, our findings describe diverse binding modes of Sox2 and Oct4 on nucleosomes that could guide their site selection and potential interaction with other chromatin factors in vivo.


Whether the light-coloured sandstone of Warwick be, as Dr. Buckland conceives, the equivalent of the German Keuper, or, as Messrs. Murchison and Strickland contend, of the Bunter-sandstein, was a question which awaited the evidence of organic remains for its decision. For, notwithstanding the nature and number of the lithological characters collated by them, the latter authors do not insist upon this as evidence decisive of the accuracy of their views, but are willing to set the determination of the question upon the issue of organic remains, nay even of a single Saurian. "If it could be shown," say Messrs. Murchison and Strickland, " that the fossils which we have pointed out as characterizing the upper sandstone, occurred also in the lower,"—" and that the fragments of Saurians found in the sandstones of Guy's Cliff and Warwick really belonged to the species peculiar to the Keuper,—then, indeed, we should willingly allow that the lower sandstone also must be grouped with that formation*." The fossil reptiles which chiefly characterize the German Keuper are of the genera Dracosaurus and Mastodonsaurus; the former belonging probably to the Saurian order; the latter being undoubtedly a huge Batrachian, hence originally called 'Salamandroïdes' by its discoverer Professor Jaeger. It is the evidence of the existence of remains of a species of the same peculiar extinct Batrachian genus in the lower sandstones of Leamington and Warwick, that I now propose to lay before the Society. The genus Phytosaurus, also called Cylindricodon and Cubicodon, is perhaps most


Previous research has attempted to infer dentists' pricing practices from aggregate data, such as those derived from insurance claims. In a disaggregated analysis based on a mail survey of 327 dentists in private practice, the authors find the most important influence on dental fees to be cost, followed by fees charged by other dentists and perceptions of patient sensitivity to prices. The relative importance of the various influences on dentists' fees is related to several practice characteristics, including location and gross income.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a genetically complex disease of immune dysregulation characterized by painful inflammation of synovial joints. Despite advances in its management afforded by biologic drug development, efforts to improve outcomes for patients are confounded by the condition's heterogeneous pathobiology, and consequent variability in therapeutic responses. Great strides have been made in understanding the genetic epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis since its association with the HLA locus was established in the 1980s, with over 100 additional disease-associated variants now confirmed through cumulative genome-wide association studies. Yet translation of this new knowledge for patient benefit – whether as a route to predicting disease risk, drug development or personalized medicine – has been slow. To address this, collaborating teams of interdisciplinary scientists will need to pool resources, including ever larger, well-characterized patient cohorts and sophisticated biostatistical approaches. Recent advances suggest that the fruits of these endeavors are beginning to come within reach.


Analysis techniques and numerical formulations are available in a variety for mooring and riser designers. They are applied in the different stages of the design processes of floating production systems (FPS) by taking advantage of both the accuracy of results and the computational costs. In early design stages, the low computational cost is more valued with the aim of obtaining fast results and taking decisions. So in these stages it is common to use uncoupled analysis. On the other hand, in more advanced design stages, the accuracy of results is more valued, for which the use of coupled analysis is adequate. However, it can lead to excessive computing times.To overcome such high computational costs, new formulations have been proposed with the aim of obtaining results similar to a coupled analysis, but with low computational costs. One of these formulations is referred as the semi-coupled scheme (S-C). Its main characteristic is that it combines the advantages of uncoupled and coupled analysis techniques. In this way, analyses can be performed with very fast execution times and results are superior to those obtained by the classical uncoupled analysis.This work presents an evaluation of the S-C scheme. The evaluation is made by comparing their results with the results of coupled analyses. Both type of analysis were applied in a representative deep water platform. The results show that the S-C scheme have the potentially to provide results with appropriate precision with very low computational times. In this way, the S-C scheme represents an attractive procedure to be applied in early and intermediate stages of the design process of FPS.© 2014 ASME


The case of a 53 years old woman was described in whom a congenital factor XIII deficiency was suspected because of deforming scars and hemorrhagic diathesis. A thromboelastographic declination of elasticity as well as decreased factor XIII level up to 5% of normal range were only found in all hemostatic examinations. In 2 children factor XIII decreased to half of its normal level, whereas in the youngest daughter that level was 25%. Sporadically the girl had mild diathesis. No changes in thromboelastograms were observed in members of the patient's family. The platelet function was unchanged in all examined cases.


The binding of a molecule with a motionless support gives rise to a noticeable decrease of the diffusion coefficient. In a muscular fiber, calcium traps involve delayed diffusion. We compute the calcium concentration according to the fiber frequency excitation.