This study aims to represent an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) design of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Electroencephalography (EEG) signal processing in order to detect epileptic seizure. For analyzing brain's electrical activity, feedforward ANN model is used for classification of EEG signals. The designed ANN output layer makes a decision whether the person has epilepsy or not. In the proposed system, the ANN model is programmed and simulated on Xilinx ISE editor via computer and then, EEG signal data are transferred to FPGA-based ANN emulator core. The Core is trained on data which are patient's data and healthy person's data. After training, test data is loaded to ANN Emulator Core to detect any epileptic seizure of person's EEG signal. The main advantage of FPGA in the system is to improve speed and accuracy for epileptic seizure detection.


We introduce SimBAL, a novel spectral-synthesis procedure that uses grids of ionic column densities generated by the photoionization code Cloudy and a Bayesian model calibration to forward-model broad absorption-line quasar (BALQ) spectra. We used SimBAL to analyze the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) spectrum of the low-redshift BALQ SDSS J085053.12+445122.5. SimBAL analysis yielded velocity-resolved information about the physical conditions of the absorbing gas. We found that the ionization parameter and column density increase, and the covering fraction decreases, as a function of velocity. The log column density is 22.9 (22.4) (cm−2) for solar (Z = 3 Z⊙) metallicity. The outflow lies 1–3 pc from the central engine, consistent with the estimated location of the torus. The mass outflow rate is 17–28 M⊙ yr−1, the momentum flux is consistent with LBol/c, and the ratio of the kinematic to bolometric luminosity is 0.8%–0.9%. The outflow velocity is similar to the escape velocity at the absorber's location, and force multiplier analysis indicates that part of the outflow could originate in resonance-line driving. The location near the torus suggests that dust scattering may play a role in the acceleration, although the lack of reddening in this UV-selected object indicates a relatively dust-free line of sight. The low accretion rate (0.06LEdd) and compact outflow suggests that SDSS J0850+4451 might be a quasar past its era of feedback, although since its mass outflow is about eight times the accretion rate, the wind is likely integral to the accretion physics of the central engine.


This study was carried out to evaluate the wheat cultivation system to reduce costs and mechanize wheat production. A field study was conducted for 2 years (2009 to 2010) at the National institute of crop science, Iksan, Korea. We used working system I and working system II for the experiment. Working system I is used a multiple machine attached with a spreader tractor (seeding, fertilization, seed coverage, and weed control functionality) and working system II is used a multiple machine with a tractor which works for simultaneous job when seeding step (seeding, fertilization, and seed coverage). Sowing to harvesting operation time is 118 hours/ha for mechanize with conventional planting. Working system I is a multiple machine and a combine machine with a tractor, which worked 26 hours/ha lower than conventional planting. Working system II is 18 hours/ha lower than conventional planting. The reduced work efforts of working system I and II were 78% and 85% respectively. The growth and yield of wheat according to working system I and II is lower than conventional planting. Therefore, a multiple machine needs to study for appropriate seeding rate. Mechanization cost in consideration of the mechanical break-even point when the working system I is 3.7 ha and working system II is 4.2 ha. The farm income is enhanced by working system I (778,110 won/ha) and working system II (849,930 won/ha). The results showed that application of a multiple machine lowered costs of wheat production.


Strategic learning, as a powerful way for organizations to enhance organizational innovation and competitive advantage in a highly volatile environment, has increasingly attracted the attention of academic and practical circles. However, there are still many problems in the subject of the research, such as chaos in the measurement of variables, lack of system integration and coherence, etc., which is not conducive to the theoretical research and empirical development of strategic learning.Therefore, this paper firstly collects the research literature related to strategic learning, classifies and summarizes different conceptual perspectives of strategic learning, and analyzes similar concepts with strategic change and organizational learning to clarify the conceptual connotation of strategic learning. The study finds that the academic community mainly discusses the conceptual connotation of strategic learning from the perspective of learning, competence and integration. According to source of knowledge learning, strategic learning can be broadly divided into strategic learning from failure learning, strategic learning based on strategic activities, and cross-organizational strategic learning based on executive flow. This paper further examines the different structural dimensions and related measurements of strategic learning. The result shows that strategic learning has experienced a process from a single dimension to multi-dimensional development, and has been measured through the subjective measurement method.Then, this paper summarizes the theoretical basis, influencing factors and effects of strategic learning research. The result indicates that the existing research mainly uses knowledge-based theory, resource-based theory, organizational learning theory and dynamic capabilities theory to explore and understand the complex learning activities. The influencing factors of strategic learning mainly come from the organizational level and the manager level, and less attention is paid to the external environment level factors. The impact of strategic learning is mainly reflected in organizational variables such as business restructuring, strategic performance, organizational financial performance, organizational capacity and innovation. The effects of strategic learning are manifested in two aspects: mediating effect and moderating effect.Finally, based on the above literature review and analysis, we draw a research framework for strategic learning and propose research directions with great development potential in the future. This paper helps to deepen the understanding of strategic learning, and provides important theoretical reference and management practice for researchers and managers of strategic learning.


Abstract 3,4-Bis{[2-(methyl-phenyl-oxophosphanyl)-ethyl]phenyl-phosphanyl}pyrrolidines have been synthesized by Michael Addition from the corresponding methyl-phenyl-vinyl-phosphane oxides and 3,4-bis(phenylphosphino)pyrrolidines. For purification of the ligands palladium complexes were used and with the enantiomerically pure ligands Rh complexes have been prepared. The catalyst has 6 stereogenic centers. In the hydrogenation of Z-α-acetamidocinnamic acid all six stereogenic centers have an influence on the enantioselectivity. The influence is strongest from the C stereocenters of the pyrrolidine ring. Less important are the stereogenic centers on the coordinated P atoms. The influence of the stereocenters on the non-coordinated P = O groups is the least, but it is not negligible. The ee values obtained with the ligands containing P = O groups are much lower than those obtained with ligands which are substituted only with aryl groups. Ketones are hydrogenated with only low ee's.


In a recent project concerned with the evaluation of consultation, experienced health program consultants demonstrated difficulty in two areas: (a) integrating mutnd (b) setting objectives and specifying criteria by which to measure attainment of those objectives. This paper outlines the purposes of this project, its background and methodology, and discusses in depth the areas of concern. Through an exploration of these issues in program consultation evaluation, health professionals can understand and hopefully improve their skills in this important area of functioning.


:;Terb.ium-156 nuclei were oriented at low temperatures in an ethylsulfate lattice, and the anisotropies of several y-rays in Gd156 were studied as functions of temperature, external magnetic field, and magnetic environment. The results were explained using a .fii.e-terni spin-Haniiltonian with two adjustatle parameters, the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments,, which were thereby determined. The spin of Tb 16 was shown to be 3, with 1J45 ± 0.18 nm and Q156= l.-t± 0.5 barns. The spin assignments of several high-energy states in Gd15 were confirmed, and a new 3state at 2091 key in Gd156 was indicated. The electron-capture transitions to states at 193 and 2091-key in Gd155 are predomiant1y GamowTel1er.


Background: In asthma, measurements of airway inflammation correlate poorly with clinical markers and airway hyperresponsiveness. While the relation between determinants of asthma severity is known, that for cough is unknown. We hypothesised that cough sensitivity changes relate to changes in cough scores and objectively measured cough frequency. Aims: To examine the relation between commonly used outcome measurements of cough severity in children. Methods: The concentration of capsaicin causing two and five or more coughs (C2 and C5 respectively), cough frequency objectively measured using an ambulatory cough meter, and parent and child recorded subjective cough scores were determined in 40 children with recurrent cough on two occasions. Results: On occasion one, log cough frequency significantly correlated with parent and child recorded log cough score (rs = 0.32, p = 0.05; and rs = 0.32, p = 0.046 respectively) and significantly negatively correlated with log C2 (rs= −0.5, p = 0.005). Subjective cough scores did not relate to either C2 or C5. On occasion two, the relation between cough frequency and C2 and C5 measures was lost, but C2 had a weak but significant relation to parent recorded cough score (rs = −0.38, p = 0.047). When the changes in the log values were determined, C5 but not C2 significantly related to cough frequency. Conclusion: In children, measures of cough sensitivity have a weak relation with cough frequency. Subjective cough scores have a stronger and consistent relation with cough frequency. These cough severity indices measure different aspects of cough. The choice of indices depends on the reason for performing the measurement.


?Globalization?, certainly, has transformed the globe massively in the last few centuries. Globalization has multiple dimensions and issues to discuss all over the world. Now, the world is under the united umbrella having diversified notions and apparitions. It has been believed that socio-economic, political, cultural, technological, and military subjects and matters are related to globalization intimately. The primary objective of this research is to find out the driving force of globalization. This study has been conducted based on the content analysis of the globalization. The analytical pattern of writing has been incorporated in this paper and very smoothly described all the possible driving forces of globalization. The study has found that many factors work for the procedures of globalizing as well as de-globalizing in world societies those are considered as the driving force of globalization. Therefore, this study will be cooperative for the researchers, teachers, and students of social sciences especially, sociology, political science, International Relations, etc. for the robust understanding of globalization.


Code-mixing occurs when lexical items and grammatical features of two or more languages exist in the same sentence (Muysken, 2000). Code-mixing is a phenomenon that often ensues in Malaysia's multilingual society, which produces mixed languages or rojak language. It has already been found that the phenomenon of code-mixing not only exists in conversations among language users in Malaysia but also occurs in sentences used in the entertainment news of Malaysian Chinese dailies. As such, this study concerns the identification of the features of English lexical items that were code-mixed into Chinese entertainment news from the linguistic perspective. A maximum of 1,000 sentences that were code-mixed in Chinese entertainment news were collected from (a) China Press, (b) Mun Sang Poh, and (c) Guang Ming Daily from January to May, 2007. The features of English words and abbreviations that were code-mixed were analysed and discussed qualitatively. In order to achieve the objective of the current study, the questionnaire survey was also administered to 200 respondents to find out their opinions on the features of some English lexical items code-mixed into the sentences of Chinese entertainment news. It was identified that English abbreviations such as "CD", "DVD", "MV", "SMS", "KTV", "VIP", and "DJ" were inserted into Chinese entertainment news, making the sentences simpler and easier to understand. In addition, English adjectives such as "high", "cool", "in", and "hot" were inserted to generate a sense of stylishness and to put forth some sense of modernity. Another interesting highspot from the findings of the study is the incorrect usage of English grammar, such as "sweet sweet", "high high", and "cute-cute" in Chinese entertainment news. This form of reduplication is grammatically correct in the Chinese language, and somehow, it is applied in Chinese entertainment news through the reduplication of English words. Certain English nouns and verbs change their functions to adjectives when they are code-mixed into Chinese entertainment news. Besides, English words frequently code-mixed in conversations are also used in Chinese entertainment news. As well, entertainment artists are often quoted during interviews, which brings about the popularity of code-mixing in Chinese entertainment news.


Mechanical stresses in aluminium thin films arise during electrochemical oxidation. In this case, there are structural stresses in aluminium films caused by the change of specific volume as a result of aluminium structural transformations into anodic oxide. The mechanical stresses in the thin films can be measured by optical interferometry, X-ray diffraction (Malhorta et al., 1997) or laser scanning (Gardner and Flinn, 1988). However, these methods can be used for measuring mechanical stresses only in the field of elastic deformation. The relative softness of aluminium can result in plastic deformation, and Al film plastic deformation results in mass transfer. The main role in the mass transfer is played by slip and creeping dislocation mechanisms with partial stress relaxation (Koleshko et al., 1987; Marieb et al., 1994). The plastic deformation in Al films can be measured by an X-ray method, but usage of this X-ray method does not yield complete representation of the mass transfer as a result of plastic deformation in the film. The main goal of this paper was examination of mass transfer in aluminium films during local area anodization. The plastic deformation arises due to an edge effect of lateral anodization of aluminium under a mask (Surganov and Mozalev, 1997).


This paper presents a novel analytical approach to extracting of the coupling matrix of a narrow band general Chebyshev bandpass filter with losses. The approach is very useful for computer aided tuning of a microwave bandpass filter. The concept of phase loading is revealed for the first time in the community of computer aided tuning. The analytical approach consists of three elements: 1) a theoretic formula that leads to a practical scheme for determining the phase loading; 2) a theoretic formula for de-embedding the section of unknown transmission lines at the two ports of a filter; and 3) a theory for determining the unloaded Q of a filter if the loss for each resonator is nearly the same. To make the approach easy to use, some practical techniques for reconstructing rational functions of Y-parameters from a set of filter response are also provided in the paper. The proposed diagnosis approach is applicable to a general coupled resonator filter with losses and therefore can be effectively used in computer aided tuning of high order filters with cross couplings.


From 1990 to 1999, three patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and 14 patients of tuberculosis underwent pulmonary resection in the National Sanatorium Ehime Hospital. Of the patients with tuberculosis, two were multiple drug-resistant cases and twelve cases were suspected of lung cancer before diagnostic resection. All three patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis were symptomatic, had chest cavities in the lung, and were sputum-culture positive. There were no operative death in all patients, and one case of post-operative complication. Two patients, one with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and another with tuberculosis, failed in sputum negative conversion. The former had been treated for a long time preoperatively. Early resection in patients of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and of pulmonary multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis is recommended to prevent further progression of pulmonary lesions.


This article examines current narratives surrounding CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and the current Canadian treatment of this novel biotechnology. It argues that Canada's current approach to genetic research and CRISPR appear to have succumbed to the false narrative of technological determinism. It argues that Canada must buck the narrative and alter the current status quo in two principal ways: Canada should pursue more somatic CRISPR clinical trials in humans and permit pre-clinical germline editing. To design a regulatory regime for clinical germline editing and better guidance on somatic CRISPR clinical trials, Canada should engage Deliberative Polling to ensure Canadians' views are represented in future legislation and regulations.


The paper gives the results of observations of 1558 patients before and after tourist travels to tropical countries and 368 individuals visiting the north areas of the Russian Federation. Different conditions (malaria, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, intestinal and tissue helminthiasis, insect bites, venomous fish pricks, medusa burn, tick bites, etc.) were found in 402 persons. Prophylactic immunization included vaccination against hepatitis A and B viruses, meningitis, typhus, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis in more than 2500 patients (not including influenza vaccination in the epidemic season). The performed observations reinforce the statement that imported pathology is urgent to Russia and suggest that it is necessary to develop this section of medicine and to set up a network of health care facilities with a necessary therapeutic and diagnostic base to render skilled care to tourists. It is essential to improve medical staff training in travel medicine.


In the present technology era, a new trend of using social media or social networking sites (SNSs) has been developed. Social media has a lot to offer when it comes to education in general and second language acquisition (SLA) in particular. This study aimed at investigating the impact of Telegram, as an available social network, on learning L2 vocabulary by Iranian EFL beginners. To achieve this aim, a quasi-experimental research design was used. Thirty one Iranian students, aged 10-14, were selected through the convenience sampling method. The teacher taught English vocabulary to the participants in two ways: for four weeks by using Telegram and for another four weeks through the traditional face-to-face classroom instruction. Comparison of the scores obtained from words taught through Telegram and the scores of the traditionally-taught lexical items gave rise to the conclusion that learning vocabulary through the social network was more effective than the traditional approach. This study could help the teachers and material developers to consider incorporation of technology and common applications in language classes for the purpose of L2 vocabulary acquisition.


Renal disease patients often exhibit alterations in the lipid profile which may become an important risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and contribute to disease progression. Among such alterations, increased levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are common and may be related, in part, to the degree of proteinuria. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FA) have been reported to decrease Lp(a) concentrations in nonrenal subjects. In addition, they have recently been shown to reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerular disease. We therefore tested the hypothesis that omega-3 FA treatment in patients with chronic glomerular disease may reduce Lp(a) concentrations. Eight patients (2 with membranous glomerulonephritis, 6 with focal glomerular sclerosis) were submitted to a total of 13 six-week courses of treatment with omega-3 FA, at a dose of 3 g/day with a triglyceride preparation (n = 4) and of 7.7 g/day with an ethyl-ester preparation (n = 9). Both treatments significantly increased the proportions of omega-3 to omega-6 FA in total serum lipids, documenting compliance to treatment. Both treatments were also effective in decreasing serum thromboxane (from mean 490 +/- (SEM) 70 to 325 +/- 49 ng/ml, p < 0.05, in the high-dose group) and prolonging the bleeding time (from 5.8 +/- 0.4 to 7.7 +/- 0.5 min, p < 0.05, in the high-dose group), thus documenting the biological efficacy of treatment. However, despite a significant reduction in serum triglyceride levels (from 137 +/- 20 to 104 +/- 19 mg/dl in the high-dose group), Lp(a) concentrations did not change (292 +/- 120 U/l before, 315 +/- 130 U/l after the high-dose therapy). Treatment-related changes in proteinuria (from 2.9 +/- 0.5 to 2.1 +/- 0.7 g/24 h) were not related at all to changes in Lp(a) levels. We conclude that omega-3 FA do not decrease Lp(a) concentrations in renal patients with chronic glomerular diseases and that Lp(a) levels are unlikely to be related to the degree of proteinuria within the short-term modifications induced by omega-3 FA.


patricians yielded on private law and civil procedure, but retained a monopoly of sacral and public law. Thus, for the citizen body as a whole, law meant private law. Interpretation of this law was entrusted to the small college of pontiffs, who would always also have held high secular office. After 300 BC secular jurists emerged, but they came from the same Top 300 of the Senate. Their personal authority was sufficient to provide undisputed (except among themselves) interpretation of statute, and to influence the Praetor's Edict. This authority survived into the Empire; their opinions and writings continued to make law. Jurists interpreted rather than reformed for reasons of traditional prestige. Their argumentation, originally concerned with sacral law, was based on internal legal logic rather than circumstances; for example, the SC Silanianum ordered the torture of slaves owned by a citizen murdered in his own home "since otherwise no home can be safe", but a bonafide possessor was denied this protection. This reliance on autonomous legal logic explains the continuity over a millennium of Roman law.


Author(s): McCue, Kenneth F | Abstract: A recently proposed statistical model of ecological inference (the inference of individual behavior from aggregated data), known by its adherents as "EI", has recently gained a great deal of attention both inside and outside the statistical profession. This article shows that "EI" is in fact an application of the standard statistical theory of prediction, though with many statistical errors, not the least of which is the failure of the author of "EI" to recognize the relationship between "EI" and prediction. While application of the theory of prediction may improve the case-level inference of individual behavior, it is unlikely to improve the estimates for the overall dataset, which is the usual goal of ecological inference.


Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) base isolator is a new semi-active control device that has recently acquired more attention. This paper proposes a new model for MRE base isolator to portray the nonlinear hysteresis between generated force and the displacement. In this model, a hyperbolic expression is proposed to compare with the classical Bouc-Wen model, which includes internal dynamics represented by a nonlinear differential equation. For the identification of model parameters, a modified artificial fish swarm algorithm is adopted using the experimental forcedisplacement/velocity data under different testing conditions. In this algorithm, a self-adaptive method for adjusting the algorithm parameters is introduced to improve the result accuracy. Besides, the behaviours in the algorithm are simplified to descend the algorithmic complexity. Parameter identification results are included to demonstrate the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the identification algorithm.


A rapid, quantitative, sensitive test for the detection of beryllium on surfaces has been developed. The method is based on the fluorescence of beryllium bound to sulfonated hydroxybenzoquinoline at pH 12.8, which emits at 475 nm when excited at 380 nm and includes a novel dissolution technique. The intensity of fluorescence is linear with respect to beryllium concentration. A detection limit of 0.02 µg Be/100 cm2 has been achieved, which is ten times lower than the DOE recommended working limit for non-beryllium work areas [1]. Interference studies have been carried out with a variety of metals including Al, Fe, Pb, U, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ca, W, Ni, Co, and Cu with minimal or no interferences found for detection of Be at 100 nM in the presence 0.4 mM of the other metal. The method has proven successful under various operating conditions, including the detection of beryllium on a variety of surfaces both in laboratory settings and in field trials. It fulfills the requirements for a fast, inexpensive, field deployable method of detection of beryllium on surfaces.


In this paper, we introduce a novel attentional similarity module for the problem of few-shot sound recognition. Given a few examples of an unseen sound event, a classifier must be quickly adapted to recognize the new sound event without much fine-tuning. The proposed attentional similarity module can be plugged into any metric-based learning method for few-shot learning, allowing the resulting model to especially match related short sound events. Extensive experiments on two datasets show that the proposed module consistently improves the performance of five different metric-based learning methods for few-shot sound recognition. The relative improvement ranges from +4.1% to +7.7% for 5-shot 5-way accuracy for the ESC-50 dataset, and from +2.1% to +6.5% for noiseESC-50. Qualitative results demonstrate that our method contributes in particular to the recognition of transient sound events.


The objectives of this study were to identify promising microorganisms to improve potato productivity in low-input systems of tropical highlands and to compare results from in vitro, greenhouse and field experiments to advance the development of a screening method for rhizobacteria and develop an efficient assessment of their effect on plant growth in field conditions. A total of 150 bacterial strains were screened in vitro, in greenhouse and field trials. The series of experiments confirmed the plant growth-promoting ability of a range of rhizobacteria. Although in vitro and greenhouse results were promising, the field experiment showed variability and the results require further verification. The in vitro tests might have limited value for screening as no correlation could be found between in vitro tests and pot trial results. However, trials in controlled conditions produced insights into the mechanisms causing better plant growth in potato, such as early tuberisation, fast development of leaf area and probably greater photosynthetic rates.


Cash-option system is a system innovation of our capital market,which protects interests of minority shareholders as major matters occur in company.While due to the lack of related laws and regulations,the Cash-option system arrangement is too free,there are many different understanding to Cash-option system,which caused many contradictions.Cash-option system in the design also has many defects,which weaken the function of minority shareholders' protection and contraried to the original intention.Summarizing all the 25 merger cases designed of Cash-option in China which have successfully completed,analysises the Cash-option authority subject,vesting conditions,pricing method,right risk and return in empirical method.Finally proposes to build a new kind of Cash-option system.


It is now apparent that early identification of primary HIV infection is important, because events occurring in early disease may predict how fast a patient progresses to AIDS. However, as Dr Schacker points out, diagnosis is not easy at this stage. This article describes clinical features and laboratory tests to help primary care physicians make a timely diagnosis and discusses current recommendations for therapy.


In this paper we have implemented a wireless vision based mobile robot control through hand gesture recognition based on perceptual color space such as HIS, HSV/HSB, HSL. Vision-based hand gesture recognition is an important problem in the field of human-computer interaction, since hand motions and gestures could potentially be used to interact with computers in more natural ways. The robot control was done purely based on the orientation histograms a simple and fast algorithm on the system which would recognize static hand gestures with HSV color spaces as major parameters. The wireless based mobile robot system using hand gestures is a new innovative user interface that resolves the complications of using numerous remote controls for various applications. Based on one unified set of hand gestures, this system interprets the user hand gestures into pre-defined commands to control the remote robot. The experimental results are very encouraging as the system produces real-time responses and highly accurate recognition towards various gestures under different lighting conditions.


Employee welfare and safety is the important thing to measure in an organization. Employee will play the important role in the organization. If there is no employee, it is difficult for organization to run smoothly. This study will measure the awareness of workplace safety and satisfaction level of the welfare program among the staff. The objective of this study is to identify the type of staff welfare that provided by . management, to evaluate the awareness of the workplace safety among the plantation staff, to measure the satisfaction level of plantation staff toward the welfare program This survey has been done using the questionnaire in staff RISDA PALONG. Every staff have their own aware and satisfaction. Majority of the respondent are satisfied about the facilities that provided and moderately aware about the awareness of the workplace . This study shows that the facilities have positive correlation with the satisfaction. This study will help the management to care more about the staff welfare and identify the suitable welfare to give to the employee.


Background
Background">Rare subgroups of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as t(16:21) (p11;q22), require international cooperation to establish a proper stratification system to assign clinical risk.

Case report
Here, we report a 13-year-old female who was admitted for asthenia, fatigue, and intermittent fever. The hematological data showed thrombocytopenia and anemia, and the bone marrow test showed 82.5% blast cells, which were positive for CD13, CD33, CD38, and CD117. Blast cells showed negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive periodic acid-Schiff staining. A diagnosis of AML M6 was made. Cells were positive for the fusion transcript FUS-ERG t(16;21)(p11;q22). The patient achieved morphological remission. However, molecular remission was not achieved, and she died 11 months after diagnosis.

Conclusions
It is essential to report this sporadic case of AML to provide clinicians with data for clinical decision-making, such as for risk-group stratification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first association between this translocation and this morphological subtype.


Sir Walter Elliot, a conceited aristocrat in Jane Austen's Persuasion (1817), takes it as a personal affront when he sees an aging face. For him, an aging face is a physical manifestation of one's lowly breed. In his obsession with youthful and "superior" looks, the concept of aging is explicitly entangled with class. Quite unlike Sir Walter's essentialist belief, the era's advancing scientific and medical knowledge of the human body began to understand aging as a material phenomenon rather than a cosmic fate. The era witnessed a thriving anti-aging skincare industry that promised ways to treat the physical signs of aging, to guard against decay, and even to restore "bloom" to all who may subscribe to its application. This article focuses on one historical anti-aging skincare product and a personal favorite of Sir Walter, Gowland's Lotion. Reading popular medical texts and beauty regimens alongside Persuasion, this article shows how Austen captures the significance of daily practices of anti-aging skincare routines, exposing the faltering class system in Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.


During the three last years, the authors carried out cytogenetic studies of couples with spontaneous abortions, and of spontaneously aborted foetuses. Among 99 couples studied, 9 abnormal karyotypes were detected. In two cases, maternal balanced translocation appears obviously responsible. Concerning aborted foetuses on 46 karyotyped specimens, 13 are found to bear chromosome anomalies. The authors consider the value of cytogenetic studies when repeated spontaneous abortions occur.


The Enskog theory of transport in a dense gas is applied to the rough‐sphere model. A formal analog of the Chapman—Enskog method is developed in order to construct the normal solution of the corresponding kinetic equation. Accurate estimates are given for the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity and of thermal conductivity. A procedure is provided for computing the coefficient which characterizes the antisymmetric portion of the stress tensor and also for estimating the coefficients of proportionality between the flux of spin angular momentum and the gradient of the local spin velocity. Numerical values are given for these and other transport coefficients and characteristic relaxation times. A study is provided of the hydrodynamical significance of antisymmetric stress and of spin flux. Finally, the theory of this paper is compared with other, rather more heuristic, methods.


Biomolecular simulations are a bit like the tip of an iceberg, indeed their base goes very deep. Let us start down at the bottom and move to the top, considering for example the problem of protein folding or other problems in S.A.R. with water, proteins and nucleic acids. There are a number of possible starting points but we shall emphasize a specific one, called "Global Simulation Approach". First with quantum mechanics we assemble atoms starting from nuclei and electrons (Notice that for heavy atoms we need relativistic quantum mechanics). Then from atoms we build molecules again using quantum mechanics. We shall present C60 and nitrogonase as examples. Then we can move to molecular dynamics either classical or quantum (for example with the Carr-Parrinello approach). Examples arei)C60 cluster once more,ii)a simulation for 1000 water molecules with a new flexible, polarizable water- water potential (Niesar-Clementi-Corongiu), andiii)BPTI in solution.At this stage we would like to extend the scale of simulation time from pico to nanoseconds: this may be accomplished with stochastic dynamics simulations, based on molecular dynamic trajectories. Here we could stop for a moment! But instead let us now try a different path from the top down. We shall use neural networks to guess the structure of BPTI starting from its sequence and use this guess as input for stochastic dynamics. All this and much more will be available for MOTECC-91.


The study aims at exploring the inferential behaviours of the ESL learners in generating the meanings of the unknown words faced in reading editorials of newspapers. It further notices the impact of instructional treatment on the use of knowledge sources and their relationship with success, the effect of syntactic property of the unknown words, and the difficulties faced in lexical inferencing while interacting with a text. The theoretical framework of knowledge sources adopted in the study was given by Bengeleil and Paribakht (2004). Data were collected through introspective verbal protocols and observation. The study used the texts of the editorials published in native newspaper The Washington Post. Flesch Reading Ease Measure was employed to compare readability of the editorials. The study is quasi-experimental which includes pretest, instructional treatment and posttest. It uses Winograd and Hare's (1988) model of instruction due to its cognitive usefulness. The analysis of selected verbal protocols gave insight to the inferential behaviours of the subjects while using linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge sources in the pursuit of meaning of the unknown words. The instructional treatment had a significant effect on the sources in lexical inferencing. It was found out that the parts of speech of the unknown words had effect on ease or difficulty in deducing their meanings. The study sheds light on various reasons of incorrect inferences.
Key words: ESL Reading, Lexical Inferencing, Editorials, Introspection, Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Knowledge Sources, Syntactic Property of Unknown Words


Future IP networks are required to support services with different and distinct end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Adaptive bandwidth provisioning serves as an attractive solution for providing guaranteed distinctive QoS and maintaining high network efficiency at the same time. However, most previous research on adaptive bandwidth provisioning is limited to the single-link case and assumes dedicated bandwidth. This paper studies multiple-link adaptive bandwidth provisioning for end-to-end statistical QoS guarantee in bandwidth sharing networks with Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS) schedulers. A feedback control model for end-to-end multiple-link adaptive bandwidth provisioning systems is presented. This model is verified by simulations, and it is shown to match the actual dynamics of adaptive bandwidth provisioning systems well. Based on this feedback control model, different controllers are designed and analyzed using control theory, and their performances are compared. The analysis and simulations show that the proposed end-to-end multiple-link bandwidth provisioning scheme is able to provide guaranteed end-to-end statistical QoS, and that both the adaptive P controller and adaptive PI controller can achieve better performance than the simple non-adaptive P controller.


ABSTRACT This paper uses a Māori epistemological approach, to demonstrate why indigenous knowledge systems should be recognised as the ultimate example of interdisciplinary interaction. Over the last 25 years, the library and information professions in New Zealand have become aware of the need to ensure that the full potential of mātauranga Māori is realised. This involves thinking less about 'Māori studies', and being more focused on the interaction and integration of the inter-disciplinary components that constitute the totality of mātauranga Māori. Within this context, library and information management institutions are responsible for ensuring that they are able to provide the resources and services required by Māori wishing to draw on knowledge across disciplines, in ways that may ordinarily be seen as unnatural partners within western academic frameworks. Glossary of Māori words: Aituā (Taiao): Environmental disasters; Atua: Māori gods; Hapū: Sub-tribe; Haumietiketike: God of fern-roots and berries; Hukatai: Sacred stone of knowledge; Io: The supreme being; Io-Matua: Supreme parent; Iwi: Tribe; Kaitiaki: Guardians; Karakia: Incantations; Mātauranga a iwi: Tribal knowledge system; Mātauranga koiora: Biology; Mātauranga Māori: Māori knowledge systems; Mātauranga taupuhi kaiao: Ecology; Papatuanuku: Mother Earth; Ranginui Sky Father; Rehutai: Sacred stone of knowledge; Rongomātane: God of cultivated crops & peace; Ruamoko: God of earthquakes; Tāne: God of forests; Tangaroa: God of the ocean & fish; Tapu: Restricted; Tāwhirimatea: God of the winds; Te Aomārama: World of light; Teina: Mentee; Te Kete Aronui: Basket of everyday knowledge; Te Kete Tuatea: Basket of evil arts and sorcery; Te Kete Tuauri: Basket of ancestral knowledge; Te Kore: Complete darkness; Te Po: Nights; Te reo Māori: Māori language; Tikanga Māori: Māori customs; Tuakana: Mentor; Tūkinotanga ā-taiao: Environmental pollution; Tukutuku: Woven panels; Tūmatauenga: God of war; Waiata: Sung poetry; Whakairo: Carvings; Whakapapa: Genealogy; Whanaketanga: Evolution; Whanau: Extended family; Whare wananga: Sacred schools of learning


We presented an ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive photofunctional device using a principle of evanescent field coupling occurring between SU-8 waveguide and photochromic dye (spirooxazine). The feasibility as a UV sensor was evaluated. When the 5-mm sensing area was irradiated with UV for 3 s, the absorption and the output intensity of the UV sensor was 0.0396 /spl sim/ 0.114 absorbance/mW and 1 /spl sim/ 10 mW, respectively. The UV sensor had linearity by variation of sensing area. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor was higher than the spectrophotometers method and optical fiber sensors.


INTRODUCTION The income derived from coconut (Cocos nucifera) farming in tropical Asia cannot sustain an average small-farm family, especially if the crop is poorly managed. In pure stands, annual production is estimated at about 17 t/ha ' (Nell iatet al. 1974), -which is far less than the yields produced by crops such as sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum, (Blackman and Black 1959). Low coconut productivity is mainly attributed to the fact that the trees use only about 2 5 % of the available soil mass (Kushwah et al. 1973) and that they intercept only about 4 4 % of available solar radiation (Nair and Balakrishnan 1976).


A potential energy surface, describing the behavior of the title reaction, has been constructed by interpolation of ab initio data. H2O, NH, HON, HNO, NH3, O, H2NO, cis or trans-HONH, H products, two vibrationally energized NH2OH* and NH3O* adducts were observed. The reaction probabilities, effective cross sections, and branching ratios for different channels are reported. The rate constant for the formation of the NH2OH* is calculated as a function of effective cross section and is compared with the available data in the literature. The calculated QCT rate constant for the formation of NH2OH was found to be lower than that reported in our previous study (J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 12961, 2009) based on the RRKM method with steady state assumption for the formation of energized adducts that could be due to the lack of the stabilization process in QCT calculations.


HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is a term describing a complex set of cognitive impairments accompanying HIV infection. Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the most severe forms of HAND, but milder forms affect over 50% of people living with HIV (PLWH). Pathogenesis of HAND in the ART era remains unknown. A variety of pathogenic factors, such as persistent HIV replication in the brain reservoir, HIV proteins released from infected brain cells, HIV-induced neuroinflammation, and some components of ART, have been implicated in driving HAND pathogenesis in ART-treated individuals. Here, we propose another factor-impairment of cholesterol homeostasis and lipid rafts by HIV-1 protein Nef-as a possible contributor to HAND pathogenesis. These effects of Nef on cholesterol may also underlie the effects of other pathogenic factors that constitute the multifactorial nature of HAND pathogenesis. The proposed Nef- and cholesterol-focused mechanism may provide a long-sought unified explanation of HAND pathogenesis that takes into account all contributing factors. Evidence for the impairment by Nef of cellular cholesterol balance, potential effects of this impairment on brain cells, and opportunities to therapeutically target this element of HAND pathogenesis are discussed.


Although "disordered eating," as a set of psychiatric conditions, implicitly evaluates components of a social phenomenon, little attention has been paid to the boundaries between socially accepted and abnormal eating. Lay knowledge and evaluations of the formal criteria for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia were therefore examined. The results show that although males and females know more about anorexia nervosa than bulimia, the DSM-III criteria for anorexia nervosa, which involve the determined pursuit of slimness and a body image disturbance, were judged by very few people to be both uncommon and abnormal. Bulimia, however, seems to be much closer to what is commonly judged to involve unusual behavior.


Previously we isolated tub2-423, a cold-sensitive allele of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding β-tubulin that confers a defect in mitotic spindle function. In an attempt to identify additional proteins that are important for spindle function, we screened for suppressors of the cold sensitivity of tub2-423 and obtained two alleles of a novel gene, STU2. STU2 is an essential gene and encodes a protein whose sequence is similar to proteins identified in a variety of organisms. Stu2p localizes primarily to the spindle pole body (SPB) and to a lesser extent along spindle microtubules. Localization to the SPB is not dependent on the presence of microtubules, indicating that Stu2p is an integral component of the SPB. Stu2p also binds microtubules in vitro. We have localized the microtubule-binding domain of Stu2p to a highly basic 100-amino acid region. This region contains two imperfect repeats; both repeats appear to contribute to microtubule binding to similar extents. These results suggest that Stu2p may play a role in the attachment, organization, and/or dynamics of microtubule ends at the SPB.


The inhibitory effects of 15 hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons on NH3 oxidation by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) in intact cells of the nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea were determined. Determination of AMO activity, measured as NO2- production, required coupling of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) activity with NH3-dependent NH2OH production by AMO. Hydrazine, an alternate substrate for HAO, was added to the reaction mixtures as a source of reductant for AMO. Most inhibitors exhibited competitive or noncompetitive inhibition patterns. The competitive character generally decreased (KiE/KiES increased) as the molecular size of the inhibitors increased. For example, CH4 and C2H4 were competitive inhibitors of NH3 oxidation, whereas the remaining alkanes (up to C4) and monohalogenated (Cl, Br, I) alkanes were noncompetitive. Oxidation of C2H5Br (noncompetitive) increased as the NH4+ concentration increased up to 40 mM, whereas oxidations of inhibitors with competitive character (KiE ≪ KiES) were diminished at 40 mM NH4+. Multichlorinated compounds produced nonlinear Lineweaver-Burk plots. Iodinated alkanes (CH3I, C2H5I) and C2Cl4 were potent inhibitors of NH3 oxidation. Maximum rates of NH3, C2H4, and C2H6 oxidations were approximately equivalent, suggesting a common rate-determining step. These data support an active-site model for AMO consisting of an NH3-binding site and a second site that binds noncompetitive inhibitors, with oxidation occurring at either site.


In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, the country has paid more and more attention to the development of sports industry, and along with the arrival of aging society, the quality of life of the seniors has also received more and more attention from the society. With the increase of the seniors population, the seniors have become a force to be reckoned with in the sports market. Senior people have free time, pay attention to health, have a fixed income, and senior people buy sports products affordable, safe and convenient. With the development of sports industry, senior sports have gradually become a "sunrise industry" in the development of sports industry, and the development of participatory and healthy sports products and the health needs of the seniors are being paid more and more attention to, so the research on the strengthening of senior sports brands has important theoretical and practical significance.


Surgical management of breast carcinoma has evolved to include more breast conserving techniques such as skin-, nipple-, and areola-sparing mastectomies, as improved cosmesis becomes an increasing concern. However, the oncologic risk of these procedures must be strongly considered before such techniques can be widely adopted. Here we review available literature on these techniques and their associated clinical outcome. From our own experience, as well as from that reported, we conclude that nipple-, skin-, and areola-sparing mastectomies in carefully selected patients can have safe oncologic outcomes comparable to more traditional surgical techniques and therefore may be a feasible option for breast cancer management.


The overarching purpose of this volume is to show how a discrete tradition of writing about Lough Derg helped contemporary Irish poets rescue, metaphysical inquiry from the grip of nationalism. Linked with the supernatural from pagan times, Lough Derg had by the early twentieth century become an icon of the fusion of the Catholic Church and the Irish nation. Surveying literary treatments of Lough Derg from William Carleton through Denis Devlin, Patrick Kavanagh, and ultimately Seamus Heaney, Peggy O'Brien addresses the role of spirituality in an increasingly cosmopolitan, postmodern, post-Catholic Ireland. O'Brien's extended consideration of Heaney culminates in an insightful juxtaposition with Czeslaw Milosz, the Polish poet who also struggled with the conflation of Catholicism and patriotism.


The position of multi-robot system in an indoor localization system is successfully estimated using a new algorithm. The localization problem is resolved by using an array of IR receiver sensors distributed uniformly in the environment. The necessary information about the localization development is collected by scanning the IR sensor array in the environment. The scheme of scanning process is done column by column to recognize and mention the position of IR receiver's sensors, which received signals from the IR transmitter that is fixed on the robot. This principle of scanning helps to minimize the required time for robot localization. The k-means clustering algorithm is used to estimate the multi-robot locations by isolating the labeled IR receivers into clusters. Basically the multi-robot position is estimated to be the middle of each cluster. Simulation results demonstrate the advances algorithm in estimation the multi-robot positions for various dimensional IR receiver's array.


Due to the ubiquity of mobile phones throughout the world, there have been extensive scholarly research on their impact within and across areas. Researchers have looked at the impact of this device from different angles, and many scholars have been concerned with the extent to which its usage affects students' academic performance, particularly in high-school. Several scholars (Kevin Thomas and Marco A. Munoz, 2016, Hosoglu, 2019) have probed the topic using different databases, but the present paper is one of the few to examine Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Cairn with a two-fold aim, namely to summarize the state-of-the-art in this subject area, and, most importantly, to discuss the researchers' attitudes. 70 articles from the three databases were selected following the PRISMA guidelines to investigate the researchers' decade-long trends in the literature. We discerned different attitudes and results vis-a-vis the mobile phone impact depending on the variables treated and the location of the study.


The article considers theoretical aspects of the applied strategic financial analysis based on the financial element of the balanced scorecard to be applied in the research process of the strategic organization financial activity aspects. The methodology of the research is the Balanced Scorecard concept (BSC) introduced by R. Kaplan and D. Norton as well as the concept of the applied strategic analysis concept having been developed by the author, and the methodological approach to the target forecast of the organization financial flows resulting from the results of its financial position analysis. The applied strategic financial analysis is depicted to encompass comparative assessment, variances diagnostics and indicators forecast of the financial BSC element within the strategic financial goals. The author draws a conclusion that the applied strategic financial analysis is a sufficiently effective instrument to research strategic aspects of the organization financial activity and to form an analytical support for its strategic financial management.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the adhesion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the roles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its ligand lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) in binding of leukemic blasts to HUVECs.

METHODS
AML blasts attachment to unactivated or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) activated-endothelial cell monolayers was investigate in vitro; The adhesion of leukemic blasts co cultured with unactivated endothelial cells under static conditions at 37 degrees C for 24 hours was observed;The binding of neutrophils and unactivated endothelial cell monolayers exposed to supernatant of blasts were tested. ICAM-1 on endothelial cell surface and sICAM-1 of endothelial cell supernatant were determined by flow cytometry and ELISA detection. We also observed the adhesion of leukemic blasts in the presence of the adhesion blocking mAbs anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1.

RESULTS
This study has shown that the blast cells attached to unactivated endothelium was little (24.33 +/- 2.87)% and increased after exposure of endothelium to TNF alpha (81.87 +/- 4.08)% (n = 21, P < 0.001); The binding of blasts to endothelium also increased significantly after 24 hours co cultured with unactivated HUVEC (82.06 +/- 7.05)%, (n = 21, P < 0.001); The adhesion of neutrophils and unactivated endothelial cell monolayers exposed to supernatant of blasts was increased significantly (83.99 +/- 3.86)%, (n = 21, P < 0.001). Lower levels of ICAM-1 and sICAM-1 expression was detected on unactivated HUVECs (55.81 +/- 4.11)%, (0.839 +/- 0.236) microg/L respectively. Treatment of HUVECs with AML blasts supernatant for 24 hours increased the expression of ICAM-1 (65.36 +/- 5.97)%, (1.424 +/- 0.469) microg/L respectively (n = 21, P < 0.05) and anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 significantly inhibited the adhesion of AML blasts attachment to TNF alpha activated-endothelial cell monolayers (20.12 +/- 1.73)%, (n = 10, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that leukemic blasts have the ability to generate some factors that stimulate endothelial cell to secrete ICAM-1 ane to promote their own adhesion to vascular endothelium, interaction of ICAM-1 and its ligand LFA-1 has a key role in adhesion of leukemic blasts and HUVECs.


Demand for cancer genetic counseling has grown rapidly in recent years as germline genomic information has integrated into cancer care. There are currently an insufficient number of genetic counselors (GC) to address genetic testing need through traditional pre- and post-test counseling. Alternative genetic counseling frameworks, discussed here, are under study to increase access to genetic testing while optimizing the skillsets of existent master's-trained GCs.


As more and more applications are deployed using the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the fragmentation of general purpose IoT technologies to target particular sectors with different requirements is becoming necessary. In this paper, we summarize the latest developments of application-specific IoTs (ASIoTs) (a term to conceptualize the development of IoTs targeted toward specific domains, communications mediums, and industry sectors) in eight representative studies (Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT), Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), Internet of Animal Things (IoAT), Internet of Waste Things (IoWT), Internet of Underwater Things (IoUWT), Internet of Underground Things (IoUGT), Internet of Nano Things (IoNT), and Internet of Mobile Things (IoMobT) such as the Internet of Vehicles). The paper gives contributions to ASIoTs from three perspectives: First, we offer a basic classification taxonomy for ASIoTs and discuss various representative studies and applications which can be found in the literature; Second, we discuss a use case for a biometrics-based ASIoT (termed IoBioT) for illustration and experiments of face-based biometric recognition on IoBioT are also performed; and Third, we give discussions and future directions for ASIoTs. An objective of this paper is to spur researchers and facilitate the development of ASIoTs for the different user-defined domains, communication mediums, and technology constrained platforms.


The Early Modern interest taken in language was intense and versatile. In this period, language education gradually no longer centered solely on Latin. The linguistic scope widened considerably, partly as a result of scholarly curiosity, although religious and missionary zeal, commercial considerations, and political motives were also of decisive significance. Statesmen discovered the political power of standardized vernaculars in the typically Early Modern process of state formation. The widening of the linguistic horizon was, first and foremost, reflected in a steadily increasing production of grammars and dictionaries, along with pocket textbooks, conversational manuals, and spelling treatises. One strategy of coping with the stunning linguistic diversity consisted of first collecting data on as many languages as possible and then tracing elements that were common to all or to certain groups of languages. Language comparison was not limited to historical and genealogical endeavors, as scholars started also to compare a number of languages in terms of their alleged vices and qualities. Another way of dealing with the flood of linguistic data consisted of focusing on what the different languages had in common, which led to the development of general grammars, of which the 17th-century Port-Royal grammar is the most well-known. During the Enlightenment, the nature of language and its cognitive merits or vices became also a central theme in philosophical debates in which major thinkers were actively engaged.


Year 2013 will be a cornerstone in the history of therapeutic vitreolysis with the European approval of the ocriplasmine in March, the first commercially available product to achieve in some selected cases a separation of the vitreo-retinal interface. Since the publication in 1993 of the first vitreous detachments in rabbit eyes, obtained by intravitreal injection of plasmine, the road has been opened to several researches looking for the best candidate to produce this detachment in human eyes. The published data of the use of ocriplasmine to date are still too fragmentary to give a precise idea of what could be the best indications to perform an intravitreal injection of drug instead of a classical vitrectomy. Aside the symptomatic vitreo-macular tractions syndrome and small idiopathic macular holes, some other disorders in which an abnormal vitreo-retinal adhesion seems to play a role are currently evaluated, such as the early stages of macular degeneration and diabetic macular edemas. We'll present the last available data, focusing beyond the pure scientific results, on the possible consequences on our everyday surgical practice and the clinical decision tree in vitreo-retinal disorders.

Commercial interest


BACKGROUND
People affected with sickle cell disease are at high risk of infection from Haemophilus influenzae type b. Before the implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination in high-income countries, this was responsible for a high mortality rate in children under five years of age. In African countries, where coverage of this vaccination is still extremely low, Haemophilus influenzae type b remains one of the most common cause of bacteraemias in children with sickle cell disease. The increased uptake of this conjugate vaccination may substantially improve the survival of children with sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to determine whether Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines reduce mortality and morbidity in children and adults with sickle cell disease.The secondary objectives were to assess the following in children and adults with sickle cell disease: the immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines; the safety of these vaccines; and any variation in effect according to type of vaccine, mode of administration (separately or in combination with other vaccines), number of doses, and age at first dose.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register, compiled from electronic database searches and handsearching of journals and conference abstract books. We also contacted relevant pharmaceutical companies to identify unpublished trials.Date of last search: 23 November 2015.

SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines with placebo or no treatment, or comparing different types of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in people with sickle cell disease.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
No trials of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in people with sickle cell disease were found.

MAIN RESULTS
There is an absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials relating to the subject of this review.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There has been a dramatic decrease in the incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections observed in the post-vaccination era in people with sickle cell disease living in high-income countries. Therefore, despite the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials, it is expected that Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines may be useful in children affected with sickle cell disease, especially in African countries where there is a high prevalence of the disease. The implementation of childhood immunisation schedules, including universal Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination, may substantially improve the survival of children with sickle cell disease living in low-income countries. We currently lack data to evaluate the potential effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination among unvaccinated adults with sickle cell disease. Further research should assess the optimal Hib immunisation schedule in children and adults with sickle cell disease.


PURPOSE
Incarcerated women are a vulnerable population in terms of sexual and reproductive health. In French Guiana, most incarcerated women come from unsafe environments and are incarcerated because of drug trafficking. Medical follow-up processes used in prison (medical assessment on arrival, and then two half-days per week upon request but without an obstetrician-gynecologist) does not allow for a thorough assessment of the impact of incarceration on women prisoners' health to take place. In the absence of data, the purpose of this study was to describe incarcerated women's experiences in relation to sexual and reproductive health.

DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH
Semi-structured interviews were conducted among French-speaking adult women who had been incarcerated for at least four months in a French Guianan prison. Menstruation, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections and sexuality were described by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis.

FINDINGS
A total of 14 women were interviewed. They suffered from menstrual cycle disorders, poor hygiene and menstrual insecurity. They appeared to have emotionally disinvested sexuality. However, intra-prison sexual activity existed for some (masturbation, conjugal prison visits, homosexual intercourse between fellow prisoners). Homosexual relations were a source of discrimination. Being pregnant while incarcerated was viewed negatively. A lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health and high-risk behaviors such as piercing and tattooing practices were widespread.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE
Incarceration is a vulnerable time for women's sexual and reproductive health. Sexual activity exposes women to risks and discrimination that should be taken into account in a multidisciplinary approach adapted to the prison environment.


Purpose of this study is to find the mitigation method of magnetic field by finite length multi-conductors such as indoor distribution lines and to be applicable to design of the distribution lines. For this purpose, exact formula about the components , , of magnetic field need in case of straight line-conductor with finite length forward any direction. In this study simple formula of the components were deduced and by using these formula magnetic fields for various models of line-configurations were calculated. And also a calculation method of induced currents in conductive shield was presented and using this method, programing of calculation is relatively easy and calculation time is short. The magnetic field after cancellation by these induced currents was calculated. All of calculations were performed by Matlab 7.0 programs. Through the calculation results it could be obtained followings for the mitigation of magnetic fields. The separation between conductors ought to be smaller than smaller as possible. In case of 3-phase, delta configuration is more effective than flat configuration. In case of 3-phase, unbalanced currents ought to be reduced as possible.. In case of more than two circuits of 3-phase, adequate locations of each phase-conductor such as rotating configuration of 3-phase conductors are more effective. The magnetic shielding effect of the conductive shielding sheet is very high.


Detergent-solubilized plasma membranes of Con A-activated mouse spleen cells were absorbed with Sepharose-coupled rat antibodies against resting mouse lymphocytes. The unbound fraction was used to immunize a rat, and the immune spleen cells were fused with the rat myeloma Y3 . All seven rat monoclonal antibodies produced in this way strongly reacted with mitogen-activated spleen cells but only weakly or insignificantly with unstimulated spleen cells. One of the antibodies, YE3 /19.1, was studied in detail. The antibody strongly reacted with Con A- or LPS-stimulated spleen cells, but not significantly with normal adult thymocytes, spleen cells, or bone marrow cells. Unlike the transferrin receptor, which is expressed on virtually all dividing cells, the antigen defined by YE3 /19.1 was not detected on erythroblast-enriched populations or some non-T, non-B cell lines. Therefore, the antigen, termed MALA-1, seems to be specific for activated murine lymphocytes of the T and B cell lineages. Over 25% of normal adult lymph node cells were also found to express the antigen, although the antigen densities on lymph node cells were lower than those on mitogen-stimulated spleen cells. Kinetic studies of the expression of MALA-1 and the transferrin receptor on Con A-activated spleen T cells showed that both antigens are detectable within 24 hr of Con A stimulation. Although the density of the transferrin receptor on Con A blasts declined as the cell proliferation ceased, MALA-1 expression persisted. Immunoprecipitation of MALA-1 from surface-iodinated Con A blasts revealed its m.w. to be approximately 14,000 to 18,000.


During recent years, 48 patients with therapy-resistant chronic skin lesions of atopic dermatitis have been treated once a week with clobetasol propionate lotion left under Duoderm occlusive patches. They had previously failed to respond, or responded only sparsely, to topical corticosteroids. The lesions resolved completely in 44 patients, while partial remission was observed in the remaining 4. The mean time needed to obtain complete remission was, for lichenifications, 2 weeks; pruriginous lichenoid papules, 12 days; chronic hand eczema, 2.5 weeks; nummular eczema, 8 days; perioral eczema, 11 days, and breast eczema, 10 days. Adverse experiences were mild and infrequent. The amount of topical corticosteroid required was reduced to at most one-twentieth and to as little as one-hundredth of the amount of common topical steroid treatment needed. We conclude that clobetasol propionate and Duoderm once a week is the best treatment for resistant lesions of atopic dermatitis.


Calibration of an antenna array is very important for high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. In this paper, we study this issue for an automotive frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar whose low-cost dielectric lens antenna causes, in addition to the coupling between sensor elements and gain or phase mismatch, direction-dependent perturbations to the sensor response. We apply both global and local calibration methods and compare their performance.


In one respect, the massive vector-boson shows its difference from a massless vector-boson by one more physical polarization, known as longitudinal polarization. In another respect, the quantized boson acquires its mass by Higgs mechanism. In this paper we study the effect of the longitudinal polarization in U(1) case by substituting it into the primary Yang-Mills Lagrangian $-\frac 14F_{\mu \nu}F^{\mu \nu}$. Under a hypothesis of strong transversal condition for free vector boson, it is found that in the Lagrangian the scalar field for the Higgs mechanism can automatically arise after we separate a part equivalent to the contribution of a massless boson. In addition, a criterion is obtained to infer whether the boson is massive or not: if $\mathbf{E}^2-\mathbf{B}^2\neq 0$, where $\mathbf{E}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are field strengths, then it is massive. The analysis also pertains to SU(2) case. The method in this paper is performed before any quantizations.


Set against the political and social upheavals of the 1960s, A Room Where the Star-Spangled Banner Cannot Be Heard tells the story of Ben Isaac, a blond-haired, blue-eyed American youth living with his father at the American consulate in Yokohama. Chafing against his father's strict authority and the trappings of an America culture that has grown increasingly remote, Ben flees home to live with Ando, his Japanese friend. Refusing to speak English with Ben, Ando shows the young American the way to Shinjuku, the epicenter of Japan's countercultural movement and the closest Ben has ever felt to home. From the vantage point of a privileged and alienated "outsider" (gaijin), Levy's narrative, which echoes events in his own life, beautifully captures a heady, eventful moment in Japanese history. It also richly renders the universal struggle to grasp the full contours of one's identity. Wandering the streets of Shinjuku, Ben can barely decipher the signs around him or make sense of the sounds reaching his ears. Eventually, the symbols and sensations take root, and he becomes one with Japanese language and culture. Through his explorations, Ben breaks free from English and the constraints of being a gaijin. Levy's coming-of-age novel is an eloquent elegy to a lost time.


NERVA-Derived Reactor Coolant Channel Model fo r Mars Mission Applications presents the results of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of a 1.3m NERVA-Derived Reactor (NDR) coolant channel. The CFD code FLOW-3D was used to model the flow of gaseous hydrogen through the core of a NDR. Hydrogen passes through the core by way of coolant channels, acting as the coolant for the reactor as well as the propellant for the rocket. Hydrogen enters the channel in a high density / low temperature state and exits in a low density / high temperature state necessitating the use of a compressible model. Design specifications from a technical paper were used for the model. It was determined that the pressure drop across the length of the channel was higher than previously estimated (0.9 MPa), indicating the possible need for more powerful coolant pumps and a re-evaluation of the design specifications.


Abstract Al–Ni powder mixtures containing 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt-% nickel were compacted at 125, 250, 375 and 500 MPa and sintered at 620, 630 and 640°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The sintered density, sintered hardness and strength of composites thus produced were determined as a function of compaction pressure and sintering temperature. Wear rates of the composites were evaluated as a function of applied load and sliding velocity. Optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to reveal the morphology of powder and microstructures of green and sintered compacts. X-ray diffraction studies of the sintered compacts were made to confirm the phases formed on sintering. Sintered density, sintered hardness and strength increased with an increase in compaction pressure and nickel content. X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of Al3 Ni phase in the sintered alloy. The wear rate of the sintered Al–Ni PM composite was found to increase with increasing load and decrease with increasing nickel content.


The migration to wireless network from wired network has been a global trend in the past few decades. The mobility and scalability brought by wireless network made it possible in many applications. Among all the contemporary wireless net- works, Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is one of the most important and unique applications. On the contrary to traditional network architecture, MANET does not require a fixed network infrastructure; every single node works as both a transmitter and a receiver. Nodes communicate directly with each other when they are both within the same communication range. Otherwise, they rely on their neighbors to relay messages. The self-configuring ability of nodes in MANET made it popular among critical mission applications like military use or emergency recovery. In recent years, security has become a most important service in Mobile Adhoc Network. Compared to other networks, MANETs are more vulnerable to various types of attacks. In this paper, a comparative study of Secure Intrusion- Detection Systems for discovering malicious nodes and attacks on MANETs are presented. Due to some special characteristics of MANETs, prevention mechanisms alone are not adequate to manage the secure networks. In this case detection should be focused as another part before an attacker can damage the structure of the system. This paper gives an overview of IDS architecture for enhancing security level of MANETs based on security attributes and then various algorithms, namely RSA and DSA.


Transvenous lead extractions (TLEs) are minimally invasive procedures in which pacing or implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads are extracted under guidance of 2D X-ray fluoroscopy. Despite the fact that fluoroscopy is currently the gold standard for TLEs, it has several limitations in terms of visualization of anatomical structures, areas of high risk and complications. Since TLEs carry a small but distinct risk of major complications including laceration of the Superior Vena Cava (SVC), bleeding and death, this study aimed to evaluate the utility of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) to overcome current problems of fluoroscopy and to reduce major complications during TLEs. Hereby the presented work first had the objective of designing and constructing a tissue-mimicking vascular phantom model with realistic geometry and echogenicity to simulate a real-life lead extraction environment suitable for ultrasound imaging and second, of evaluating the utility of ICE for different visualization planes of the lead-tissue interface whilst using the phantom model. In order to accomplish this, different mould prototypes were designed and constructed with additive manufacturing in order to enable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) pouring of the phantom. Following several iteration steps of the prototypes, an ultrasound compatible PVA phantom model of the SVC and approximate innominate veins with realistic geometry could be constructed according a developed methodology, adopted and modified from previous protocols. Subsequently, its suitability to serve as a real-life lead extraction environment in terms of echogenicity was assessed by comparison of its results with findings from previous conducted clinical studies. Ultimately, both the constructed phantom and a porcine model were used to evaluate the performance of ICE in three experiments whereby several visualization planes of the lead-tissue interface were examined. The results of this study demonstrate that a side-looking phased-array ICE catheter could image different structures of the lead-tissue interface including the vessel wall of the SVC, area of scar tissue, free-floating and adherent cardiac leads as well as the advancement of an extraction sheath over the lead. It was found that the structures could be clearly distinguished from each other in terms of echogenicity. The scar tissue along the lead-tissue interface was visualized as an echo dense signal, characterized by a linear echogenic shadow, and equivalent to prior clinical observations. From the results, it also appeared that a parallel view and cross-sectional view outside the SVC gave more insight into lead binding sites and their location with respect to the vessel wall than a conventional parallel view inside the SVC. It can be concluded that it is feasible to design and construct a vascular phantom model with realistic geometry and echogenicity, adequate for the simulation of a real-life lead extraction environment and to evaluate the utility of ICE for TLEs. This study has demonstrated that ICE is a valuable tool to visualize and assess the lead-tissue interface, which is crucial to avoid major complications during TLEs. Thus, implementation of ICE imaging into TLEs has the potential to add to a more effective and safer procedure.


Given an object model and a black-box measure of similarity between the model and candidate targets, we consider visual object tracking as a numerical optimization problem. During normal tracking conditions when the object is visible from frame to frame, local optimization is used to track the local mode of the similarity measure in a parameter space of translation, rotation and scale. However, when the object becomes partially or totally occluded, such local tracking is prone to failure, especially when common prediction techniques like the Kalman filter do not provide a good estimate of object parameters in future frames. To recover from these inevitable tracking failures, we consider object detection as a global optimization problem and solve it via adaptive simulated annealing (ASA), a method that avoids becoming trapped at local modes and is much faster than exhaustive search. As a Monte Carlo approach, ASA stochastically samples the parameter space, in contrast to local deterministic search. We apply cluster analysis on the sampled parameter space to redetect the object and renew the local tracker. Our numerical hybrid local and global mode-seeking tracker is validated on challenging airborne videos with heavy occlusion and large camera motions. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art trackers on the VIVID benchmark datasets.


The skin defect 'ichthyosis' of the house mouse is caused by a simple recessive gene (symbol ic ) which arose as a spontaneous mutation. It was first described by Carter & Phillips (1950). 'Ichthyotic' mice have a thin coat of very short wavy hairs together with a scaly skin. There is, however, considerable individual variation in the severity of the defect. In badly affected animals the stratum corneum of the back is shed as large flakes, and the mice may be almost bald; but in less affected mice the skin is not very scaly and there is a complete though abnormal hair cover. The tail skin has a hard smooth appearance and is less flexible than normal. In some older mice a number of depressed rings form along its length, and a portion of the tail undergoes necrosis and drops off distal to one of the constrictions.


Preface: Respect for Elder Knowledge - Eric McLay and Lea Joe interviewing Arvid Charlie (Luschiim) / Dorothy First Rider, in consultation with Frank Weasel Head Introduction, Methodology, and Thematic Overview / Catherine Bell and Val Napoleon Part 1: Our Voices, Our Culture 1 Recovering from Colonization: Perspectives of Community Members on Protection and Repatriation of Kwakwaka'wakw Cultural Heritage / Catherine Bell, Heather Raven, and Heather McCuaig, in consultation with Andrea Sanborn, the U'mista Cultural Society, and the 'Namgis Nation 2 The Law Is Opened: The Constitutional Role of Tangible and Intangible Property in Gitanyow / Richard Overstall, in consultation with Val Napoleon and Katie Ludwig 3 Northwest Coast Adawx Study / Susan Marsden 4 'A'lhut tu tet Sul'hweentst [Respecting the Ancestors]: Understanding Hul'qumi'num Heritage Laws and Concerns for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage / Eric McLay, Kelly Bannister, Lea Joe, Brian Thom, and George Nicholas 5 Repatriation and Heritage Protection: Reflections on the Kainai Experience / Catherine Bell, Graham Statt, and the Mookakin Cultural Society 6 Poomaksin: Skinnipiikani-Nitsiitapii Law, Transfers, and Making Relatives: Practices and Principles for Cultural Protection, Repatriation, Redress, and Heritage Law Making with Canada / Brian Noble, in consultation with Reg Crowshoe and in discussion with the Knut-sum-atak Society 7 Protection and Repatriation of Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Cultural Resources: Perspectives of Community Members Catherine Bell and Heather McCuaig, in consultation with the Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Tribal Council and the Ktunaxa/Kinbasket Traditional Elders Working Group Part 2: Experiences across the Nation 8 First Nations Cultural Heritage: A Selected Survey of Issues and Initiatives / Catherine Bell, Graham Statt, Michael Solowan, Allyson Jeffs, and Emily Snyder Part 3: Reflections on Selected Themes 9 Canadian Aboriginal Languages and the Protection of Cultural Heritage / Marianne Ignace and Ron Ignace 10 Canada's Policy of Cultural Colonization: Indian Residential Schools and the Indian Act / Dale Cunningham, Allyson Jeffs, and Michael Solowan 11 Owning as Belonging/Owning as Property: The Crisis of Power and Respect in First Nations Heritage Transactions with Canada / Brian Noble Concluding Thoughts and Unanswered Questions / Val Napoleon Appendix Index


This paper is concerned with the scanning tunnelling microscope tunnelling conditions needed to produce constant current images dominated either by surface topology or by electronic effects. A model experimental structure was produced by cleaving a GaAs multi ?-doped layer in UHV and so projecting a spatially varying electron gas density onto the (110) surface. This cross sectional electron density varies on a nanometre scale in the growth direction. The electronic structure and tunnelling properties of this system were modelled, and the tunnelling conditions favouring sensitivity to the surface electron gas density determined.


This dissertation deals with journalistic texts in the Swedish daily press. The strike event has been chosen to make comparisons of the same event over time possible. The press coverage of five major Swedish strikes is investigated: the strike of the sawmill workers in the Sundsvall area in 1879, the general strike in 1909, the strike of the metal workers in 1945, the strike of the miners in 1969-70 and the strike of the nurses in 1995-96.

The overarching purpose is to show connections between changes in society, in journalism and in the structure of newspaper texts. This is realised through two more concrete purposes. The first is to map how the text universe of the newspapers was constructed and read. The method for this is to reconstruct the genre system of the editorial material of the investigated papers and analyse the functions of the genres. The other purpose consists of discerning, describing and interpreting text patterns in the news genre. The text patterns are structured by dominance for or alternation between voices: the own press voice, another news paper's press voice and the voices of the strike actors.

I call the journalism of 1879 quoting journalism as the papers, owing to personal and technical limitations, simply obtained texts by cuttings from each other or by printing other texts without editing. In 1909, the strike events are selected and the texts are constructed based on the respective political perspective of the newspapers, which justifies the label party-politicising journalism. In 1945, the journalistic ideal is to reflect the events. However, the political perspectives of the papers can be seen in how the events are selected and how the strike actors are presented. I call the period party-politically reporting journalism. The coverage of 1969-70 is characterised by dialogues between the paper and the strike actors, sometimes also between the actors themselves, which motivates the label dialoguing journalism. The main pattern for constructing news is alternation between the own press voice and the voices of the strike actors. In 1995-96, the journalistic texts are still constructed with dialogues between the paper and the strike actors, yet also developed into texts where the event with the participating actors is depicted as a drama on a scene, which leads to the label dramatising journalism.


This article problematizes the public-private articulations included in the debate about the concept of higher education in virtue of the regulatory framework launched by the Technological Innovation Act (Act 10,973/2004) and the Public-Partnership Act (Act 11,079/2004). I start from the premise that this regulatory framework recovers key ideas from Plano Diretor da Reforma do Aparelho do Estado [Master Plan for the Reform of the State Apparatus] (BRAZIL, 1995), particularly the concept of higher education as a tradable service, the regulation of which is established, at a global level, by the General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO, 1995) conceived at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The delivery of the so-called higher education services is not exclusively attributed to the State according to the Master Plan in the Brazilian context, which is different from the concept of higher education as a right granted by the State, according to Article 205 of the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution). In the current regulatory framework, a conception oriented towards the production of technological innovation is reinforced; the productivity of universities is measured according to the logic regulated by the Technological Innovation Act (2004a), which sets forth the establishment of partnership agreements between universities and the market according to the rules of the Public-Private Partnership Act (2004b). Such regulatory framework brings continuations and a deepening of the construction of a concept of higher education as a commercial service, redefining the citizen as a user or a consumer of those services.


This paper focuses on the increasing importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social risk management in business. Firstly, CSR and social risk management are defined and the development of CSR as a discipline is highlighted. The paper also gives a brief introduction of how community, human rights and labour can be examples of social risks during oil and gas operations. Social risks are typically identified during the assessment of the local context of the operations. Furthermore, the paper shows how a business can manage social risks and an operational example is provided. The main items to be considered during any operations are; early assessments and pre-warning to the project, timely understanding and alignment internally and collaboration with partners, like operators and contractors. Finally, mapping the stakeholders and creating stakeholder communication plan is of great importance


Monitoring of contaminant plumes and predicting their future fate are essential for effective management of groundwater contaminants. Solute breakthrough curves from operating pumping wells can provide information on the water quality in relatively large aquifer regions, which may be unavailable to instrumentation and direct measurement for practical and/or economical reasons. Relations between spatially varying aquifer concentrations C0(x, y) initially surrounding a well and temporally varying concentrations of subsequently extracted well water, Cp(t), then need to be quantified. However, limited applicability of analytical expressions and numerical inaccuracies related to solving transport equations for converging flow fields hamper such quantifications even in homogeneous aquifers. We use a stream‐tube approach and provide a general problem formulation that accounts for first‐order degradation and linear, instantaneous, sorption/retardation in heterogeneous aquifers. An analytical expression is obtained for homogeneous aquifer conditions (in the well vicinity), relating any given initial C0(x, y) function and the subsequent contaminant breakthrough Cp(t) in the well. Results for wide plumes subject to first‐order degradation show that concentrations at the extraction well will increase as a function of pumping time. This increase is despite the fact that late‐time data reflect longer transport paths (to the well), along which mass is removed through degradation. We also derive unique solutions for the inverse problem, in particular considering how the average contaminant concentration Cav (averaged along a control plane through the well within its capture zone, perpendicular to the mean groundwater flow direction) depends on the measurable Cp(t). The solutions demonstrate that the longer the pumping time, the more sensitive the solutions for Cav become to degradation rate constants, which if needed can be determined in situ using multiple control planes.


A new converter topology is proposed for driving a switched reluctance motor with unipolar currents. It consists of a front-end single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) and a switch in series with each motor phase. All the switches are ground-referenced, which simplifies their gate drives. The available input voltage can be boosted for better current regulation, which is an advantage for low voltage applications. The converter can be controlled to operate at a high power factor with an AC supply. For low power applications, the converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode. In this operation mode, it approximates a voltage follower and the line current follows the line voltage waveform to a certain extent. The improved power factor is achieved without the use of any voltage or current sensors. For higher power levels, multiplier control is used with operation in the continuous conduction mode. The simplicity and reduced parts count of the proposed topology make it an attractive low-cost choice for many variable speed drive applications.


The effects of a non-narcotic analgetic methamizole and the calcium channel blocker verapamil on carrageenan hyperalgesia, release of beta-endorphin and synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied. It was found that a combined administration of analgin and verapamil prolonged the analgesic effect. Analgin stimulated release of beta-endorphin with the maximum coinciding in time with the peak of the analgesic effect. Against the background of the action of calcium ionophore A 23187 the combination of analgin with verapamil inhibited PGE2 synthesis more distinctly. The combination of these pharmacological agents is suggested to exert the effect both at different levels, central and peripheral, and on various cellular mechanisms involved in pain modulation.


The export of timber can be used by unscrupulous taxpayers in illegal schemes to reimburse VAT from the budget to obtain an unjustified tax benefit by overstating the amount of tax deductions, which confirms the relevance of the research. The subject of the paper is the economic relations between the exporting country and the importer of goods, works or services and their impact on VAT taxation. The aim of the study is to identify the vulnerabilities of the current tax legislation in the field of value-added tax reimbursement and analyze the improvement and optimization of the mechanism for administering value-added tax to ensure national economic security and preserve federal budget revenues as a result of reducing the amount of budget funds reimbursed to taxpayers. The author applies such methods as abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result, the study reveals the problems of illegal VAT refunds in the export of timber associated with the use of new methods by taxpayers to minimize tax liabilities and the complication of the form of contractual relations. The author makes a conclusion about a possible solution to the problems of tax administration when taxpayers carry out export operations with exported products, using the experience of the functioning of the Charter of the agro-industrial complex. The novelty of the study lies in the proposal to adopt a ban on multi-stage sales and purchases by the tax authority as the basis for regulating the export of products outside the territory of the EAEU. This will exclude artificial price increases. The results obtained can be used in the further development of the tax administration system, in the analytical work of state bodies authorized to control and supervise taxes and fees.


Ostracods of the family Entocytheridae are obligate ectosymbionts of other crustaceans, including crayfishes, isopods, amphipods, and a species of freshwater crab. Entocytheridae, with five subfamilies, 35 genera, and 213 currently accepted species, represents one the most diverse groups of extant freshwater ostracods. Here, we present the results of an extensive literature review, documenting the often complex historical taxonomic activity and resulting classification of Entocytheridae. This overview highlights inconsistencies, errors, and additional sources of confusion that have been inadvertently introduced into the literature, a number of which have remained uncorrected for decades. Also provided is a comprehensive checklist of taxonomic nomenclature and a list of currently accepted names in Entocytheridae.


Patients' satisfaction plays an important role to attract patients for health services. It has not been closely monitored in  physiotherapy; limited studies exist in this area of allied health services. The objective of the study was to determine  the level of satisfaction of patients at the government and private hospitals in Dhaka and to compare between two facilities. This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out with patients who sought physiotherapy care at the outdoor of Physical Medicine Department of the Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and the Centre for  Rehabilitation of Paralyzed (CRP), Mirpur, Dhaka. In total, 150 patients - 75 from each setting were interviewed. Appropriate research instruments comprising a structured and semi-structured questionnaire developed by the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) were administered by interviewers to collect data. To find out any association among the socio-demographic characteristics, chi-squire test was applied, and the level of satisfaction was measured in percentages to compare between the two settings (government and private). Patients attendance differ  because different socio-demographic characteristics and location of physical health problem in two hospital. Location  of the hospital, privacy of patients, behaviour of staff members, physical qualities of hospitals (cleanliness, light, ventilation, etc.) had more than 10% variation in the level of satisfaction between the two settings. So, patient satisfaction with physiotherapy is higher in private setting than that in government setting in Dhaka. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v7i2.13502 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2012;7(2):71-74


In this paper, we present and study an all-digital method, called \softNull, to enable full-duplex in many-antenna systems. Unlike most designs that rely on analog cancelers to suppress self-interference, SoftNull relies on digital transmit beamforming to reduce self-interference. SoftNull does not attempt to perfectly null self-interference, but instead seeks to reduce self-interference sufficiently to prevent swamping the receiver's dynamic range. Residual self-interference is then cancelled digitally by the receiver. We evaluate the performance of SoftNull using measurements from a 72-element antenna array in both indoor and outdoor environments. We find that SoftNull can significantly outperform half-duplex for small cells operating in the many-antenna regime, where the number of antennas is many more than the number of users served simultaneously.