This study reports on a classroom activity for Grade 5 students investigating their reaction times. The investigation was part of a 3-year research project introducing students to informal inference and giving them experience carrying out the practice of statistics. For this activity the focus within the practice of statistics was on introducing two different ways of collecting data to answer a statistical question, in this case, "What is the typical reaction time of Grade 5 students?" Workbook entries were used to assess students' capacities to engage in the investigation. Results indicated that although the students were proficient with the procedures and measures introduced, they were less able to explain and apply the underlying concepts. The activity provides a suggestion and benchmarks for others wishing to follow student development of concepts related to the practice of statistics.


Background: The role of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is well documented in many developing settings. However, this has not been the case in many resource poor settings like Tanzania. This study aimed at understanding the role of NTM in the diagnosis and management of TB in resource poor settings of Tanzania. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted in Tanga, Tanzania. Patients with symptoms suggestive of TB self-referred to health care facilities were recruited. Two sputum samples were collected for standard direct smear microscopy. Culture was performed using BacT/Alert 3D system, Lowenstein-Jensen and Gottsacker slopes. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and NTM was done by using GenoType ® MTBC and GenoType ® CM/AS, respectively. Results: A total of 372 patients were involved in the study. Eighty-one (21.8%) patients were diagnosed as having M. tuberculosis by the isolation of the organism from cultures of sputum. Further analysis of culture showed that 8.1% (30/372) were NTM with 7/372 (1.9%) cases of NTM classified as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Ziehl Neelsen stain had a sensitivity of 68.8% and produced 10 false negative results. On the other hand, Fluorescence stain had a sensitivity of 85.7% and gave seven false negative samples when compared with culture results. Weight loss (p = 0.0001), fatigue (p = 0.003), fever (p = 0.038) and night sweats (p = 0.004), young population (18-40 years) (p = 0.0352), males (p = 0.0025) were important risk factors for TB. Four out of 30 NTM diagnosed by culture received first line anti‑TB treatment suggesting that a good proportion of patients (4/65, 6.2%) were mistreated as TB patients. Conclusion: Inefficient screening of TB patients in resource poor settings and prevalent increase of NTM may contribute to over diagnosis of TB cases. The need to integrate NTM diagnosis in the routine management of TB is urgently needed for designing effective tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in the country.


Lurasidone is a novel atypical antipsychotic approved in the US and elsewhere for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar depression. The effect of lurasidone on cognition in patients with schizophrenia has been examined in several different studies, including short and long term studies. Lurasidone has been shown to improve measures of functional capacity as well as cognition and its cognitive enhancing potential has been compared to placebo and to active antipsychotic comparators. In specific, lurasidone has been reported to be superior to placebo and to quetiapine XR for cognitive functioning in a 6-week acute study along with a 6-month blinded extension, conducted in patients with schizophrenia. All doses of lurasidone assessed at study endpoint were superior to quetiapine during the extension study. When analyses of the effect of sleepiness and sedation were performed, only part of the cognitive benefit of lurasidone was attributable to its less sedating properties compared to quetiapine. Later research will need to replicate and expand these results, including examining cognitive benefits in other conditions.


A novel compact microstrip bandpass filter composed of two quarter-wavelength (λ4 ) resonators is proposed. By introducing an additional capacitive coupling between two λ4 resonators, two transmission zeros at upper and lower stopbands may be suitably created. The proposed filter has good rejection at twice the center frequency with a very small circuit area. Specifically, a compact microstrip bandpass filter centered at 2.4 GHz is implemented with an area of approximately λ8 x λ4.


Deregulation is the basis for creating a national business model that should be close to European ones. Business climate in Ukraine has been characterized by unstable position that did not give opportunities to develop the national economy. Investors and entrepreneurs, during the period of independence, have noticed the cyclical character of the supporting level for doing business, it means that most state regulators justified their relevance, but many of them are ineffective, or are not relevant. The impossibility of business transparency has led to the reduction in the number of business units, as well as investment resources. The creation of favorable investment climate is the main task and object of the investigation for many scientific works. Transparency of the market, minimization of regulatory barriers and control bodies, as well as fair rules for organizing and doing business, can radically change the environment for business. Despite the attitude to Ukraine by foreign investors as for the country with significant business prospects, the level of foreign investment attraction remains low. Theoretically, it is assumed that with advantageous geographical provisions, industrial base and significant land resources, Ukraine has been able to triple capital in the conditions of existence of the favorable primary model of business management. The agrarian and energy industries could become dominant in attracting external capital. However, the recent years showed the significant reduction in foreign investment in the economy of Ukraine, and business players on the national market are trading, partially industry and construction, which also work at a small level of profitability, and the current economy state proves that these sectors cannot significantly effect on its development in perspective. Thus, searching for possible ways to improve the business environment, where the key indicator is the deregulation of business processes, remain relevant and should become the basis for economic reform without which Ukraine will not be able to become a highly competitive state, and therefore economic uncertainty will continue to affect its development negatively.


Twelve mixed-bred, bitches were divided in two groups of six animals each after ovariohysterectomy. One group received 0.01mg/kg per os of natural conjugated estrogens every 48h for 12 months; the other group, used as control, was not treated with hormones. Blood samples were collected every 60 days and the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL were determined. Ovariohysterectomy affected the lipoproteic profile, increasing the total cholesterol and LDL levels; it also showed that the estrogen supplementation maintained the lipoproteic profile of castrated bitches within normal levels.


Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) are empirical statistical models commonly used by medicinal chemists in compound design. They have had a long history of successful use in the pharmaceutical industry, and developed out of an even longer history of quantitative structure–reactivity relationships in physical organic chemistry. Originally, QSARs were used to model within close homologous series, but they have become more widely useful in modelling drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties across project series, which brings new challenges. Assessment of quality of the QSAR model, and its ability to make accurate and precise predictions for a particular chemical series, is a critical question for medicinal chemists. This chapter describes good practice in building and validating QSAR models, and also some of the common language used in building and validating QSAR models, to aid the dialog between medicinal chemists and computational chemists. QSAR model building can appear to medicinal chemists as a collection of intimidating statistical technologies and hard to interpret molecular descriptors. Visual inspection of structure–activity relationships through graphing physical properties vs activity, often a prelude to QSAR modelling is highlighted as a very powerful technique in itself. Matched molecular pair analysis, an "inverse QSAR" method, is also described, and high impact examples of successful QSARs and useful QSAR tools, freely available on the internet, are highlighted.


To date, the National Cancer Institute, NIH estimates 140,250 new colorectal cancer cases for 2018 (1). Out of this population, 20% will present with synchronous metastatic disease and up to 50% will develop metastatic disease. Moreover, in those who develop metastases, the liver is involved 80% of the time. Although historical controls found rare survivors to be noted at 3 years and a median overall survival of 6–12 months in untreated but potentially resectable patients; modern data has found that a multidisciplinary approach incorporating surgical extirpation may allow for up to 55% and 24% actual 5- and 10-year survivors (2,3).


We explored a two-stage recognition memory paradigm in which people first make single-item "studied"/"not studied" decisions and then have a chance to correct their errors in forced-choice trials. Each forced-choice trial included one studied word ("target") and one nonstudied word ("lure") that received the same previous single-item response. For example, a studied-studied trial would have a target that was correctly called "studied" and a lure that was incorrectly called "studied." The two-high-threshold (2HT) model and the unequal-variance signal detection (UVSD) model predict opposite effects of biasing the initial single-item responses on subsequent forced-choice accuracy. Results from two experiments showed that the bias effect is actually near zero and well out of the range of effects predicted by either model. Follow-up analyses suggested that the model failures were not a function of experiment artifacts like changing memory states between the two types of recognition trials. Follow-up analyses also showed that the dual process signal detection model made better predictions for the forced-choice data than 2HT and UVSD models. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-traditional machining process based on electro-thermal principles, where electrical energy is used to generate electrical spark. In this process, material removal mainly occurs due to thermal energy of the spark. The important challenges in electrical discharge machining process are low material removal rate (MRR), higher tool wear rate (TWR), lower finish of EDMed surfaces and high cost of dielectric fluid. It is evident that the overall efficiency of EDM process is quite low. There are newer technologies developed to overcome the limitations of the EDM process. It is known that most metals can burn in oxygen under normal conditions. Therefore, exploring this aspect leads to introduction of a new high-efficiency process known as EDM-induced ablation machining (EDM-AM) using multi-function electrode technology. Another emerging technology is dry electrical discharge machining. It is a technology that has the potential to replace conventional liquid based EDM, owing to its low tool electrode wear, thin recast layer, and eco-friendliness. Another process is EDM on cryogenically cooled workpiece, which brings out a balance between removal and finish of surfaces. The results of experimentation show an increase in the MRR of the cryogenically cooled workpiece technique, along with a decrease in the surface roughness value (Ra). Therefore, the advanced techniques investigated in this paper indicate newer methods to improve the material removal rate, at the same time surface roughness and overall process efficiency.


Empirical legal studies can benefit from the research findings of cultural psychology to understand the fundamental principles of law. Research findings in cultural psychology have shown that Eastern Asian cultures and North American cultures differ significantly in value orientations, moral judgments and cognitive styles. East Asian values emphasize collectivism and North American values emphasize individualism. East Asians moral reasons are centered on the principles of duties and responsibilities whereas North American moral reasons are centered on the principles of autonomy and justice. East Asian cognitive styles tend to be more holistic, focusing on context, backgrounds and relations and the North American cognitive styles tend to be more analytic, focusing on objects, categories and dispositions. Such cultural differences have profound implications in legal understanding and legal practices, as laws are human machinery and are subject to the influence of human values, moralities and cognition. Mounting evidence in cross-cultural legal studies has shown East and West differences in causation inquiry, responsibility judgments, contract formation and mediation practices. Research indicates that East Asian causal reasoning is less likely to make the fundamental attribution error as North Americans do. East Asians' responsibility judgments, compared with North Americans', involve more contextual information (such as moral judgments) than the law actually warrants. East Asians' contract formation may be more based on relational obligations than the North Americans', which are rule based. The compensation judgments by East Asians appear to be based on the consequence whereas judgments made by North Americans seem to be based on intention judgments. East Asians also prefer mediation in conflict resolutions while North Americans prefer litigation in conflict resolutions. We argue that these differences could influence people's understanding, construction and use of laws in fundamental ways. As the law attempts to further understand people, and as theorists continue to evaluate how human life and law influence each others, scholars in both psychology and law must challenge themselves to reflect on the law's substantive and procedural standards being applied in different cultural groups.. We hope our paper can generate enough interests among Chinese psychologists and legal scholars to start the journey towards finding solutions that both considers cultural psychology's empirical findings and effectuates our legal ideals. The cross-culture empirical legal studies hence not only provide a new paradigm for legal scholarship but also provide theoretical guidance for advancing Chinese legal studies in global stages as well as in resolving international legal disputes between people from China and other countries.


Nrf2 transcription factor plays the pivotal role in protection against oxidative stress and chemical carcinogens by inducing a group of antioxidant/detoxification enzymes. Control of Nrf2 degradation is believed to be one of the major mechanisms in regulation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Here we report identification of a redox sensitive PEST sequence that targets Nrf2 protein to degradation through proteasome pathway. The PEST sequence locates between amino acids 332 and 359 in human Nrf2. Deletion of this sequence not only prolonged Nrf2 half-life, but also greatly enhanced Nrf2 transactivation function. Insertion of this sequence to the C-terminus of green fluorescence protein (GFP) caused rapid degradation of the fusion protein. Although deletion or insertion of the PEST sequence did not change the status of protein ubiquitination, its dependent protein degradation was sensitive to proteasome inhibition. Interestingly, PEST-mediated protein degradation was also sensitive to oxidant treatments. More over, delivery of a synthetic peptide that mimics PEST sequence caused accumulation of Nrf2 protein and activated downstream genes. Thus, we conclude that, in addition to a previously identified Keap1 pathway, Nrf2 is also actively degraded through a PEST sequence under homeostatic condition. Targeting this sequence would offer a novel approach for activation of Nrf2-dependent protective mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3160.


In this paper, we investigate the fault currents in an inductive high-Tc superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL). The currents can cause serious damage to the reliability and stability of the power system. To analyze the transient fault characteristics of the SFCL, we fabricated an inductive high-Tc SFCL and tested it under different fault conditions. To simulate a fault condition, a fault angle controller was connected to a load. As the firing angle of the triac in the fault angle controller was controlled, various angles of the fault instant can be selected. An important parameter for the design and the fabrication of the SFCL is the reduction of the fault currents. If abnormally high currents due to low impedance of SFCL do not occur in the network with SFCL, the currents flowing under fault conditions can be limited to a desired value within one cycle. The fault current reduction depends on saturation, normal zone propagation velocity, turns ratio, and the fault angle (the instant of the fault occurrence within a cycle).


Remote sensing is a useful way of obtaining data of a given target without being in physical contact. One of the means of remote sensing is through the use of microwaves. Using passive sensors like radiometers, it is possible to receive the energy emitted by the environment and receive different data and information about it. Useful data that can be retrieved using a radiometer is the soil moisture, which can be computed from the data received. Balamis is a hardware company which develops radiometers to be used to retrieve soil moisture. Currently they have developed three different frames to work with terrestrial vehicles, aircraft and RPAS. In this project it is presented how it is possible to compute and map said soil moisture. It also shows the creative process behind the creation of a software able to retrieve the soil moisture and the different versions developed to work with the different frames. There are shown the different tests that were performed in order to validate the software and its consequent results. As the main philosophy of Balamis is to approach radiometers to common people, it has been created a user interface to interact with the software. Said user interface has to be easy to understand and it is shown subsequently on this project. Finally, there was created a user manual with all of the relative information to the software. This manual can be found on the appendixes of this project, and has been validated by an outsider that tested the software and gave subsequent feedback to improve it and showed some future lines of work.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Despite significant medical sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the condition remains undiagnosed and untreated in many affected individuals. We explored the feasibility of a comprehensive, telemedicine-based OSA management pathway in a community-based Veteran cohort.

METHODS
This prospective, parallel-group randomized pilot study assessed feasibility of a telemedicine-based pathway for OSA evaluation and management in comparison to a more traditional, in-person care model. The study included 60 Veterans at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center and two affiliated community-based outpatient clinics. Telemedicine pathway feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes were assessed through a variety of quantitative (Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, dropout rates, positive airway pressure [PAP] adherence rates, participant satisfaction ratings) and qualitative (verbal feedback) metrics.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference in functional outcome changes, patient satisfaction, dropout rates, or objectively measured PAP adherence between groups after 3 months of treatment. Telemedicine participants showed greater improvement in mental health scores, and their feedback was overwhelmingly positive.

CONCLUSIONS
Our pilot study suggests that telemedicine-based management of OSA patients is feasible in terms of patient functional outcomes and overall satisfaction with care. Future studies should include larger populations to further elucidate these findings while assessing provider- and patient-related cost effectiveness.


In this paper, we propose a router-based congestion avoidance mechanism (RoVegas) for TCP Vegas. TCP Vegas detects network congestion in the early stage and successfully prevents periodic packet loss that usually occurs in TCP Reno. It has been demonstrated that TCP Vegas outperforms TCP Reno in many aspects. However, TCP Vegas suffers several problems that inhere in its congestion avoidance mechanism, these include issues of rerouting, persistent congestion, fairness, and network asymmetry. By performing the proposed scheme in routers along the round-trip path, RoVegas can solve the problems of rerouting and persistent congestion, enhance the fairness among the competitive connections, and improve the throughput when congestion occurs on the backward path. Through the results of both analysis and simulation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of RoVegas.


This year marks the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the scientific study of forest meteorology: the year 1873 marked the publication of Ebermayer's monograph, Die Physikalischen Einwirkungen des Waldes auf Luft und Boden. The state of knowledge from that time until 1957 when the first AMS Workshop on Agricultural Meteorology was held is reviewed. In assessing the future of forest meteorology, a number of important questions must be answered. Who needs it and how can it be used? How can knowledge of forest meteorology be used for predictive purposes by the forester and ecologist? What are the most promising directions for forest meteorology research to take in the decade ahead? What are the major unsolved problems?


Spoken administrative language is a critical element in the relationship between citizens and the state, especially when it comes to face-to-face interactions between officials and citizens during the delivery of public services. But preceding work offers little insights on the verbal features of street-level bureaucracy. Drawing on communication studies, we argue that administrative language differs along both a relational and an informational linguistic component. To test the consequentiality of this theory, we design a factorial survey experiment with a representative sample of 1,402 German citizens. Participants evaluated audio recordings of a hypothetical service encounter where we systematically varied the language used by the official and the service decision, measuring participants' service satisfaction as the main outcome. Based on regression analysis, we find that relational elements of administrative language improve citizen satisfaction, independent of the service outcome, but that the effect does not hold for the informational component. These findings emphasize the importance of relational communication in citizen-state interactions, which tends to be neglected in public administration theory and practice.


Southern Ocean ecosystems are rapidly changing due to climate variability. An apparent beneficiary of such change in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is the gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua, which has increased its population size and expanded its range southward in the last 20 years. To better understand how this species has responded to large-scale changes, we tracked individuals during the non-breeding winter period from five colonies across the latitudinal range of breeding sites in the WAP, including from a recently established colony. Results highlight latitudinal gradients in movement; strong associations with shallow, coastal habitats along the entire Antarctic Peninsula; and movements that are independent of, yet constrained by, sea ice. It is clear that coastal habitats essential to gentoo penguins during the breeding season are similarly critical during winter. Larger movements of birds from northern colonies in the WAP further suggest that leap-frog migration may influence colonization events by facilitating nest-area prospecting and use of new haul-out sites. Our results support efforts to develop a marine protected area around the WAP. Winter habitats used by gentoo penguins outline high priority areas for improving the management of the spatio-temporally concentrated krill (Euphausia superba) fishery that operates in this region during winter.


Legal history is an important element in understanding current legal and political discussions. What, then, can a long forgotten treason trial from the War of 1812 teach us about present day discussions of treason and the development of the jury trial in America? In August 1814 a number of British soldiers were arrested as stragglers or deserters in the town of Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Upon learning of the soldiers' absences the British military took local physician, Dr. William Beanes, and two other residents into custody and threatened to burn Upper Marlboro if the British soldiers were not returned. John Hodges, a local attorney, arranged the soldiers' return to the British military. For this, Hodges was charged with high treason for "adhering to [the] enemies, giving them aid and comfort." The resulting jury trial was presided over by Justice Gabriel Duvall, a Supreme Court Justice and Prince Georges County native, and highlights how the crime of treason was viewed in early American culture and the role of the jury as deciders of the facts and the law in early American jurisprudence. Contextually, Hodges' trial took place against the backdrop of the War of 1812 and was informed by the 1807 treason trial of Aaron Burr.


The present study was aimed to evaluate gastroprotective and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Ceropegia juncea (L.) Taub in rats. Effect of various doses (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) of Ceropegia juncea leaf ethanolic extract (CJEE) were studied in pylorus-ligation and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rat. The effect of CJEE on free radical induced lipid peroxidation determined by malondialdehyde estimation method. Amount of antioxidant enzymes (viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced glutathion (GSH)) along with various membrane bound enzymes in tissue homogenate was also determined using previously described methods. Treatment with CJEE showed significant reduction in ulcer index (P<0.01) in both the models along with the reduction in volume and total acidity, and an increase in gastric juice pH. The animals treated with different doses of CJEE showed an increase in the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and membrane bound enzymes like Ca2+ ATpase, Mg2+ ATpase, Na2+ ATpase and decrease in lipid peroxidation in both the models suggest its antioxidant activity of CJEE. These effects of CJEE suggest its gastroprotective activity, which can be attributed to its antioxidant properties. Further, the polypenolics of the plant may be held responsible for these effects, which has been found active against various ulcerogenic agents in previous reports.


False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), presents a significant threat to the South African citrus industry. To limit income loss due to direct larval damage or from fruit rejection due to the phytosanitary status of this pest, additional pre‐harvest control techniques are required for Navel oranges, which are known to be susceptible to T. leucotreta damage. A number of Navel orange cultivars have been developed, and differences in female T. leucotreta ovipositional preference and susceptibility of cultivars to larval penetration are known to exist. Navel orange cultivars were grouped according to time of maturity (early, mid‐ and late season). Female T. leucotreta were subjected to choice and no‐choice tests with these cultivars, measured by oviposition. Host susceptibility was tested by allowing neonate T. leucotreta larvae to penetrate the different Navel cultivars. In the early maturing group, Fischer Navels were least preferred for oviposition and the least susceptible to larval penetration. The mid‐ and late season maturing groupings showed limited differences in oviposition preference, although host susceptibility did appear to be an important factor in assessing the vulnerability of fruit to T. leucotreta. Despite being widely planted in South Africa, the mid‐season Palmer Navels were highly susceptible to larval penetration, while for the late season cultivars, Cambria and Glen Ora Late were the least susceptible to T. leucotreta. As a result of these laboratory trials, it is recommended that farmers increase cultivation of Fischer Navels as the principal early season cultivar, avoid Palmer Navels in favour of other mid‐season maturing cultivars and give preference to the late maturing Cambria and Glen Ora Late cultivars, to limit T. leucotreta damage.


CAREX is an international information system on occupational exposure to known or suspected carcinogens, built within the framework of the Europe Against Cancer Programme of the European Union. It provides estimates of the number of exposed workers by country, industry, and agent, including data about 139 agents evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (group 1 and 2A agents, plus selected group 2B ones), across 55 industries classified according to UN-ISIC revision 2. The 1990-3 occupational exposures to these agents were estimated for the fifteen countries of the European Union in two steps. At first, estimates were generated on the basis of the national workforce data, and of the exposure prevalence estimates from two reference countries: Finland and the USA. These estimates are adjusted by economic structure, but they do not take into account country specific patterns of exposure to carcinogens. For selected countries, among which Italy, it was possible to correct these estimates by national experts, who were invited to allow for the exposure patterns that they considered specific to their countries. According to the estimates for Italy, there were about 4.2 million workers, i.e. 24% of the work force, exposed to the agents included in CAREX, with some 5.5 million exposures. The most common exposures were: environmental tobacco smoke (770,000 exposed workers), solar radiation (550,000), diesel engine exhaust (550,000), asbestos (350,000), wood dust (300,000), crystalline silica (260,000), lead and inorganic lead compounds (220,000), benzene (180,000), hexavalent chromium and compounds (130,000) and PAHs (130,000).


Objectives: To determine safety-specific, efficacy-specific and genotypic-specific dose requirements of efavirenz (EFV) in children aged 3 to less than 36 months with HIV infection. Design: IMPAACT P1070 was a 24-week prospective cohort trial of EFV (as open capsules) and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in children with HIV infection 3 to less than 36 months without tuberculosis (Cohort 1). Methods: CYP2B6 G516T genotype was determined, and intensive pharmacokinetics was performed at week 2. EFV dose was adjusted if outside the target area under the curve (AUC) 35–180 &mgr;g*h/ml. Pharmacokinetic and CYP2B6 G516T genotype data were used to model EFV exposures based on Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved doses. Results: Forty-seven participants, median age 19 months, initiated the study regimen with 24 weeks median follow-up; 38 516GG/GT and 9 516TT genotypes. Initially, median EFV AUC was higher in 516TT vs. 516GG/GT (median 490 vs. 107 &mgr;g*h/ml; P = 0.0001) with all 516TT above AUC target. Following an amendment that reduced the 516TT EFV dose by 75%, pharmacokinetic modeling predicted that 83% of participants met the AUC target (31/38 516GG/GT, 8/9 516TT). In contrast, modeling using P1070 data predicted that FDA-approved doses would produce subtherapeutic AUCs in almost one-third of participants with 516GG/GT and excessive AUCs in more than 50% with 516TT genotypes. Conclusion: CYP2B6 G516T genotype strongly influences EFV exposures in this age group. Genotype-directed dosing yields therapeutic EFV concentrations and appears to outperform other dosing approaches.


The ratios of inclusive electron scattering cross sections of 4He, 12C, and 56Fe to 3He have been measured for the first time. It is shown that these ratios are independent of xB at Q2 > 1.4 GeV2 for xB > 1.5, where the inclusive cross section depends primarily on the high momentum components of the nuclear wave function. The observed scaling shows that the momentum distributions at high-momenta have the same shape for all nuclei and differ only by a scale factor. The observed onset of the scaling at Q2 > 1.4 GeV2 and xB > 1.5 is consistent with the kinematical expectation that two-nucleon short range correlations (SRC) dominate the nuclear wave function at pm300 MeV/c. The values of these ratios in the scaling region can be related to the relative probabilities of SRC in nuclei with A3. Our data, combined with calculations and other measurements of the 3He/deuterium ratio, demonstrate that for nuclei with A12 these probabilities are 4.9-5.9 times larger than in deuterium, while for 4He it is larger by a factor of about 3.8.


Abstract Low‐temperature synthesis of multi‐walled carbon nanofibers and nanocapsules using catalytic disproportionation of carbon monoxide is reported. The reaction products were studied by TEM, HRTEM, and XRD. In addition, we demonstrate that hot isostatic pressing of our carbon nanopowder furnishes a promising route for the controlled fabrication of novel graphite‐like materials reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanofibers and nanocapsules.


This essay provides a brief defense of the much maligned "written description" requirement in patent law. Many argue that there is no such requirement, and that a patent specification that enables a person having ordinary skill in the art (the PHOSITA) to make and use the invention is sufficient, even if the specification contains no description of the invention. This essay briefly describes the dispute, and then raises an important but under-theorized argument in favor of a separate written description requirement. The essay accepts the persuasive grammatical reading of the statute proposed by opponents of a separate written description requirement. This reading suggests that a patent disclosure is sufficient so long as the PHOSITA can practice the invention. However, while enablement is necessary to satisfy Section 112, it is not sufficient. Even if the specification enables a PHOSITA to practice the invention, the applicant is not relieved of the obligation to identify the invention. Instead, the specification must contain a "description of the invention" even if such description would only serve to reinforce other parts of the disclosure that enable one to make and use the invention. This reading of the statute is consistent with the grammatical breakdown of Section 112. It is also the preferred interpretation, because a description of the invention fulfills an important purpose in the patent system. Finally, the essay considers the Ariad v. Eli Lilly case currently pending before the Federal Circuit and concludes, perhaps surprisingly, that under the vision of written description presented in this essay the claims at issue may well be described.


In this article we propose a two stage procedure to model demand decisions by customers who are balancing several dimensions of a product. We then test our procedure by analyzing the behavior of buyers from an Austrian price comparison site. Although in such a market a consumer will typically search for the cheapest price for a given product, reliability and service of the supplier are other important characteristics of a retailer. In our data, consumers follow such a two stage procedure: they select a shortlist of suppliers by using the price variable only; finally, they trade off reliability and price among these shortlisted suppliers.


Numerous natural compounds are considered as potential therapeutic agents against alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). Research shows that selenium (Se) has a variety of bioactivities, including liver protecting ability. The present study based on in vitro cell culture models and in vivo mouse models was aimed at examining the contribution of selenomethionine (SeMet)-dominated Se-enriched peanut protein (SePP) to liver protection. SeMet and especially SePP reversed cell viability and cell death, inhibited ethanol induced CYP2E1 activation, decreased reactive oxygen species level, and restored GSH level. Hence, SeMet-dominated SePP alleviates alcohol-induced AML-12 cytotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress. The p38-dependent mechanism was found to be responsible for SePP-induced Nrf-2 activation. Furthermore, supplementation with SePP and SeMet regulated lipid metabolism and reduced oxidative stress, minimizing liver damage in mice. Selenomethionine-dominated SePP possesses potential therapeutic properties and can be used to treat ALD through the suppression of oxidative stress.


We present a novel method to generate a virtual character's multi-contact poses adaptive to the various shapes of the environment. Given the user-specified center of mass (CoM) position and direction as inputs, our method finds the potential contacts for the character in the surrounding geometry of the environment and generates a set of stable poses that are contact-rich. Major contributions of the work are in efficiently finding admissible support points for the target environment by precomputing candidate support points from a human pose database, and in automatically generating interactive poses that can maintain stable equilibrium. We develop the concept of support complexity to scale the set of precomputed support points by the geometric complexity of the environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by creating contact poses for various test cases of environments.


The last-observation-carried-forward imputation method is commonly used for imputting data missing due to dropouts in longitudinal clinical trials. The method assumes that outcome remains constant at the last observed value after dropout, which is unlikely in many clinical trials. Recently, random-effects regression models have become popular for analysis of longitudinal clinical trial data with dropouts. However, inference obtained from random-effects regression models is valid when the missing-at-random dropout process is present. The random-effects pattern-mixture model, on the other hand, provides an approach that is valid under more general missingness mechanisms. In this article we describe the use of random-effects pattern-mixture models under different patterns for dropouts. First, subjects are divided into groups depending on their missing-data patterns, and then model parameters are estimated for each pattern. Finally, overall estimates are obtained by averaging over the missing-data patterns and corresponding standard errors are obtained using the delta method. A typical longitudinal clinical trial data set is used to illustrate and compare the above methods of data analyses in the presence of missing data due to dropouts.


Purpose: This study aims to identify the types of health-related quality of life (QoL) based on the EuroQoL 5 Dimensions among community older people and predict the factors affecting these types. Methods: This study used data from the 2016 Korea Health Panel Survey, whose participants included 3,848 older people. The data were analyzed using the software jamovi 1.2.17 and Mplus 8.2 for latent class analysis. Results: The subgroups of the older people's health-related QoL were identified as three latent classes: General stable type (43.9%), pain-related low type (35.0%), and general low type (21.1%). The types and characteristics of health-related QoL among the latent classes differed. Comparing the difference between the general low type and general stable type, the subjects showed higher probability of belonging to the general stable type when they were men, younger, higher education level, employment, better subjective health, lower BMI and stress level, and no suicidal ideation. A comparison between the general low type and the pain-related low type showed that the subjects were more likely to be classified as the pain-related low type when they were younger, higher education, employment, and better subjective health. Conclusion: The results showed a significant heterogeneity in the types of health-related QoL among community older people, and the predictors for each type were not the same. These findings present basic data for cultivating nursing interventions that enhance health-related QoL.


Metal oxide nanoparticle resists are promising materials for highly-resolving high-throughput patterning. However, their performance is still inadequate for the application to the production of semiconductor devices. In this study, the dependence of the relationship between chemical gradient and line width roughness (LWR) on the pattern duty, acid generator, and developer was investigated using a zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticle resist. The line-and-space patterns of ZrO2 nanoparticle resists were analyzed on the basis of the extreme ultraviolet sensitization mechanism. LWR was roughly inversely proportional to the chemical gradient. The proportionality constant decreased with the increase of the ratio of nominal space width to the nominal line width. The proportionality constant for n-butyl acetate was smaller than that for an alternative developer with a high polarity. The proportionality constant decreased by the addition of an acid generator. The improvement of dissolution process and the suppression of secondary electron migration are essential to the suppression of LWR in the ZrO2 nanoparticle resist.


anything. He sounds a note of caution against excessive dependence on laws and legislation which in his opinion may weaken the influence of religion, morality, tradition and individual conscience. His main conclusion is that these other influences in society should not be undermined by an abject and absolute reliance on laws and legislation. He makes a plea for balance and harmony in every act of legislation: "The essence of ideas is that they are many and must march in company. When an idea is pursued by itself and for itself it becomes an ideology which is one single idea pressed to its logical end, to its prosperity but to the detriment of the State." Part I1 of the book deals with practice. It describes the ambience in which the legislatures function, the kind of men and women who function in our legislatures and the institutional framework and the functional processes of our legislatures. This part of the book, though not as elaborate and organized as one would expect, is refreshing. There are some excelIent insights into the working of our legislative processes in the second part of the book. His observations are trenchant and perceptive, and his advice and exhortations to the legislators are forthright, wholesome and pragmatic.


Cats were conditioned to give a foot flexion in response to stimulation of the brain through implanted electrodes. The evoked electrical activity of an extracallosal interhemispheric pathway was much greater in the repeatedly stimulated direction than in the unstimulated direction in the brain. No difference in the two directions was observed in control animals that did not receive the unconditional foot shock.


Treatment of a failing aortic bioprosthesis by transcatheter valve-in-valve (ViV) therapy has become an alternative to redo surgery. However, the ViV technique may be less effective in small surgical valves because of patient/prosthesis mismatch (PPM). Here we will discuss the bioprosthetic valve fracture/remod-elling (BVF) procedure and the most important issues regarding this promising new technique.


Invited Paper.- Canonical Abstract Prototypes for Abstract Visual and Interaction Design.- Test and Evaluation.- Designing and Evaluating Interaction as Conversation: A Modeling Language Based on Semiotic Engineering.- Applying Extended Finite State Machines in Software Testing of Interactive Systems.- An Empirical Study of Personal Document Spaces.- Web & Groupware.- StateWebCharts: A Formal Description Technique Dedicated to Navigation Modelling of Web Applications.- Identification of Web Usability Problems and Interaction Patterns with the RealEYES-iAnalyzer.- Workspaces: A Multi-level Architectural Style for Synchronous Groupware.- Tools and Technologies.- Functionally Modeled User Interfaces.- Architectures for Widget-Level Plasticity.- Specification-Based Testing of User Interfaces.- Calligraphic Interfaces: Mixed Metaphors for Design.- Task Modeling.- Using Task Knowledge to Guide Interactor Specifications Analysis.- Higher-Order Task Models.- Derivation of a Dialog Model from a Task Model by Activity Chain Extraction.- Describing Just-UI Concepts Using a Task Notation.- Model-Based Design.- Model-Based Design of Speech Interfaces.- Model-Based Design of Adaptive User Interfaces through Connectors.- Model-Based Electronic Performance Support.- Mobile and Multiple Devices.- Improving User Interface Usability Using Mobile Agents.- Reasoning about Dynamic Information Displays.- Bridging the Gap: Developing 2D and 3D User Interfaces with the IDEAS Methodology.- UML.- Usability Design-Extending Rational Unified Process with a New Discipline.- Addressing Marketing Requirements in User-Interface Design for Multiple Platforms.- Dialog Modelling with Interactors and UML Statecharts - A Hybrid Approach.- Specification Languages.- ISML: An Interface Specification Meta-language.- A Review of XML-compliant User Interface Description Languages.- Contextual Design of a Computer-Supported Film Set: A Case Study.- Short Papers.- Evaluating and Comparing Interaction Styles.- A Navigation and Registration System for Mobile and Augmented Environments.- MIKE: A Multimodal Cinematographic Editor for Virtual Worlds.- An Approach to Develop User Interfaces with Plasticity.- Multimedia Environments and Interactive Scientific Presentation of Industrially-Based Data Sets.


During friction under shock conditions, interface is submitted to very strong heat flux. Thus, it may reach a temperature as high as melt temperature of one of the materials constituting the contact. As a consequence, the income and outcome of heat at the interface governs the friction and the contact behavior. This article exposes a model that resolves the non-linear heat equation in the vicinity of the interface. This way, it takes into account the variations of thermal properties of materials constituting the interface. First results indicate that such variations influence the tribological behavior of the contact.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


A Satellite transponder is mounted on the Satellite and performs radio communications with the ground station. A Digital transponder compared to The analog transponder is made easy and accurate performance prediction. Also Modulation Scheme, Data Rate, Loop Bandwidth, Modulation Index and etc. can be changed on orbit, by implementing FPGA can reduce the weight and volume. The core technology of digital transponder is Carrier Recovery loop. Dynamic Range, Frequency Tracking Range, Frequency Tracking Rate and Coherent performance are determined by the performance of the Carrier Recovery loop. In this paper, we proposed the structure of Carrier Recovery loop for the Satellite digital transponder, then tested and verified the structure.


: This article presents a two-semester study that examines the effectiveness of threaded discussions for foreign language teaching methods courses. In particular, this study focuses on how students view the role of asynchronous computer-mediated communication in the development of language pedagogy through an exchange with expert teachers from secondary schools. The author gathered data from 32 students who participated in weekly discussion boards, wrote monthly reflective logs, filled out surveys, and joined group interviews. The findings demonstrated that online discussions promoted scaffolding by which expert teachers assisted students in creating reflective messages. In addition, threaded discussions fostered learners' autonomy and accountability while supporting collaborative learning through social interaction. The study suggests three essential ingredients to maximize the potential benefits of discussion board for language teacher training: (1) use of carefully designed tasks that engage critical thinking, (2) scaffolding strategies for monitoring group discussions, and (3) inclusion of online etiquette to avoid confusion and reduce personal conflicts.


Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most widely used expression system for the production of recombinant proteins for structural and functional studies. However, purifying proteins is sometimes challenging since many proteins are expressed in an insoluble form. When working with difficult or multiple targets it is therefore recommended to use high throughput (HTP) protein expression screening on a small scale (1-4 ml cultures) to quickly identify conditions for soluble expression. To cope with the various structural genomics programs of the lab, a quantitative (within a range of 0.1-100 mg/L culture of recombinant protein) and HTP protein expression screening protocol was implemented and validated on thousands of proteins. The protocols were automated with the use of a liquid handling robot but can also be performed manually without specialized equipment. Disulfide-rich venom proteins are gaining increasing recognition for their potential as therapeutic drug leads. They can be highly potent and selective, but their complex disulfide bond networks make them challenging to produce. As a member of the FP7 European Venomics project (www.venomics.eu), our challenge is to develop successful production strategies with the aim of producing thousands of novel venom proteins for functional characterization. Aided by the redox properties of disulfide bond isomerase DsbC, we adapted our HTP production pipeline for the expression of oxidized, functional venom peptides in the E. coli cytoplasm. The protocols are also applicable to the production of diverse disulfide-rich proteins. Here we demonstrate our pipeline applied to the production of animal venom proteins. With the protocols described herein it is likely that soluble disulfide-rich proteins will be obtained in as little as a week. Even from a small scale, there is the potential to use the purified proteins for validating the oxidation state by mass spectrometry, for characterization in pilot studies, or for sensitive micro-assays.


In this article, preparation types of Tarhana according to the regions in Turkey and 9 important varieties are tried to be explained. Main materials; yogurt or Kurut, wheat flour or cracked wheat, chickpeas, lentils, garlic, tomatoes, mint, red pepper, green pepper, salt and butter. If desired, sour plum, cranberry fruit, tarhana herb, dried meat and sugar beet, onion, garlic, tomato paste, hot pepper can also be added. It is widely believed that it takes its name from the word 'Darhane in Turkish', that is, weak economic power. Tarhana; it is the oldest and well-known soup in Turkish cuisine. There is no region or town in Turkey that does not produce and consume Tarhana. It is a flavored soup with a high nutritive rate and energy, prepared by drying, with a long shelf life. Its material is easily available and serviceable. With these features, it had been a reason for preference among nomadic Turks and has been made developed over time. The spice in Tarhana has an antiseptic and relaxing effect. It is a protein-rich, balanced and healthy food. Those who live in cold climates, rural areas and nomadic life; The slightly spicy one is an ideal food for the elderly and the sick. Southeastern Anatolia region prefers spicy. Tarhana is known throughout the Ottoman geography. It is known and loved in a wide geography such as Anatolia, the Balkans, North Africa and Central Asia. How it is prepared; It varies according to the possibilities, climate, culture of the geography where it is produced and the skill of the person who prepared it. There are varieties such as Sour Tarhana, Sweet Tarhana, Flour Tarhana, Göce Tarhana, Tooth Tarhana, Cranberry Tarhana, Red and White Tarhana. Red Tarhana, Göce Tarhana, Tooth Tarhana and Flour Tarhana are the most common. Its production and consumption is high in the provinces of Uşak, Muğla, Antalya, Isparta, Afyonkarahisar, Edirne, Van, Malatya and Kahramanmaraş. Recently, industrial production for instant soup has been started. However, we do not have numerical information about the amount of production and consumption.


Yenching is the most renowned of the Christian colleges in China. Whether in regard to the scale of the university, the atmosphere of the campus, or the quality of the faculty, Yenching's reputation was comparable to China's most well known national universities. However, the founder of Yenching, John Leighton Stuart, served as the American ambassador to China at a very sensitive period in Sino-American relations. Mao Zedong's condemnation of Stuart's actions as ambassador placed a shadow over Yenching that made it difficult for historians to evaluate Yenching University's contributions to China.


and septal function. RV function is a predictor of postoperative cardiovascular survival, whereas biventricular impairment is a powerful predictor of both cardiovascular and overall survival. ( Circulation. 2013;127:1597-1608.) Doppler in at mitral from Systolic tissue velocity and early diastolic (E and late diastolic (A ʹ ) tissue velocities and the and lateral E/E ʹ ratios calculated. tissue of at the free wall of the RV in most of these patients (n=91).


Social research methods have been taught in a systematic and widespread way within Western academia for much of the past century. With increasing demands facing the social research community – whether from funders, universities, or the public – building and sustaining the methodological capacity to navigate challenging and unfamiliar empirical terrain is becoming ever more important. Yet despite this, to date the teaching and learning of research methods has occupied a comparatively marginal position within broader methodological discussions in the social sciences. In this special issue on developments of pedagogical knowledge in social research methods, established researchers from a range of social science disciplines, international contexts, and methodological orientations engage with questions of how research methods are taught and learnt.


Abstract Potential benefits of simulations and virtual laboratory exercises in natural sciences have been both theorised and studied recently. This study reports findings from a pilot study on student attitude, motivation and self-efficacy when using the virtual laboratory programme Labster. The programme allows interactive learning about the workflows and procedures of biological and biochemical experiments, the operation of relevant apparatuses, including the ability to adjust parameters, and the production of results. The programme was used as supplement to mandatory laboratory exercises in two undergraduate courses (i. microbiology and ii. pharmaceutical toxicology) at the University of Southern Denmark. With a theoretical basis in motivational theories, students' (n = 73) motivation and attitude towards the virtual exercises were evaluated. After completing virtual laboratory cases, the students felt significantly more confident and comfortable operating laboratory equipment, but they did not feel more motivated to engage in virtual laboratories compared to real laboratories. Teachers observed that students were able to participate in discussions at higher levels than in previous years where the programme was not used. The study concludes that virtual laboratories have the potential to improve students' pre-laboratory preparation.


The primary objective of this commitment is to present an utilization of the principles of stage thinking to consider gainful items or administrations in aftersales of the car business. Stage thinking can be characterized as the craft of conceptualizing and actualizing comprehensive spots (physical or virtual) where various on-screen characters can collaborate, impart, co-make an offer. An effective stage can pull in stage clients, encourage the communication and trade of data and cultivate co-formation of significant worth. To make an effective stage, it is pivotal to choose which stage clients or target bunches should be united. Potential objective gatherings are vehicle drivers, vehicle sellers, armada administrators and outsiders, for example, vehicle insurance agencies and towing administrations. The test is then to imagine a potential communication between these gatherings which can prompt formation of significant worth for each gathering during a trade of data. We need to characterize which data is appealing to a stage client so as to explicitly address the necessities of another stage client. For example, data about the mileage is a lot to a vehicle insurance agency so as to make an incentive for its own business. At last, the estimating model for utilizing the stage must be very much idea out so as to guarantee gainfulness for the stage proprietor. A couple of choices is charge expenses for each login on the stage or every information bundle moved between clients relying upon the users conduct.


The main objective of Producing the Internet: Critical Perspectives of Social Media is to analyse the newly emerging 'participatory culture' the Internet is said to inherit: do users benefit from an increased freedom to raise their voice in virtual environments? Or is the access and distribution of information still in the hands of a selected few? The book aims at critically discussing media transformations, particularly in light of ubiquitous social media platforms that have taken on a vital role in peoples' lives in recent years. It comprises 13 chapters from international scholars aiming to deepen the reader's understanding of this new type of media.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on the activity of hexokinase (HK) in rat peritoneal mesothelium cell (PMC) and the functional consequences in glucose uptake.

METHODS
omentum obtained from albino male rats of the Sprague Dawley strain, PMC were isolated and subculture by enzymatic disaggregation. The antibody to cytokeratin was used for identified by immunofluorescence technique. After treated with PKC activator--phorbol esters (PMA and PDD) and classical PKC (cPKC) inhibitor--Gö6976, total HK activity in PMC were measured by a standard G6PDH-coupled assay, glucose disappearance in the culture medium were tested as glucose net utilization by colorimetric method.

RESULTS
The PMC were polygonal when confluent and reacted positively for cytokeratin. PMA induced HK activity in a time and dose-dependent manner and increased net glucose utilization. At concentration of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 micromol/L PMA for 24 h, the increase in HK activity were 30.7%, 59.9% and 99.1%, respectively above the level in the control (P < 0.05). After treated with 1 micromol/L PMA for 6 h, the HK activity of PMC began to up-regulation, the peak reached at 24 h (21.3% vs 100.4%, P < 0.05), and accompanied by increase in net glucose utilization (2 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The expression of HK induced by 0.1 micromol/L PDD were similar to 1 micromol/L PMA, 4 alpha-PDD whose structure resemble to PDD didn't have effect on HK. Gö6976 blocked the activity of HK induced by PMA. After incubated with Gö6976 at concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 micromol/L for 30 min, PMC were cultured in 1 micromol/L PMA for 24 h, the decrease in HK activity were 14.6%, 26.8%, 34.2%, 44.2% and 54.9% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated HK activity by PKC was accompanied with corresponding increase in net glucose utilization, which might take part in the accelerated glucose uptake after long-term peritoneal dialysis. The blocking of HK activity by cPKC inhibitor might be an effective method for increasing ultrafiltration in peritoneal dialysis.


ABSTRACT While governments, intergovernmental organizations, non-profits, corporations are all aware that disruptions through pandemics and other natural bio-disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic can happen, barely are we proactive about them. Instead, we are always reactive. In a virtual Town Hall meeting of the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) held on 9 April 2020, on the theme 'How is the pandemic a game-changer for HRD?,' the President of AHRD, Laura Bierema, challenged HRD scholars to determine the possible futures of HRD scholarship post-COVID-19 Pandemic. This article proposes the use of the Strategic Flexibility Framework (SFF) to determine the possible futures of HRD post-COVID-19 pandemic. I first discuss the SFF as a scenario planning and analysis tool. I then developed four scenarios of possible futures for HRD Research and Practice post-COVID-19 pandemic. These scenarios include the 'Meaning of work,' 'Leadership,' 'Contactless Commerce & Education,' and 'Volunteerism.' I conclude by discussing the important opportunities that can serve as intervention points for post-COVID-19 HRD theory, research, and practice.


Poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been intensively studied for its thermoelectric applications. Structural modulation to improve crystalline ordering, chain conformation and film morphology is a promising way to decouple the trade-off between conductivity and Seebeck coefficient and thus improve the thermoelectric power factor. Post treatment with ionic liquid ([CoCl2·6H2O]:[ChCl]) bearing cobalt-containing anions resulted in a remarkable enhancement of the power factor to 76.8 µW m-1K-2. This IL combines the influence of a high-boiling polar organic solvent and diffusing ions. A high σ mainly resulted from the efficient removal of PSS chains, ordering of the structure and delocalization of bipoloran-dominant transport after conformational change. The increase in S was not due to dedoping of PEDOT chains, but rather the sharp feature of the density of states at the Fermi level induced by ion-exchange with unconventional anions.


Vanadium redox flow batteries are still in their infancy as a technology, and as such there are still many gaps in the knowledge of their mechanics. An important quality that is still unclear is the limiting electrode, particularly whether it is the negative or the positive electrode which generated more losses and therefore reduced the voltage efficiency of the battery the most. By quantifying these losses the role of those attempting to reduce them in the future is made much simpler as they will not need to identify where they are, just how to improve them (not that this is a simple task by any means). The central hypothesis of this thesis is that the overpotential and losses of the positive electrode due to its unfavorable kinetics are the largest contributor to potential losses at high voltage efficiencies before IR drop dominates the losses. This thesis quantified the loss contributions by source as a function of voltage efficiency and cell current density to confirm this hypothesis. The potential losses at the positive electrode were found to dominate the losses at the negative electrode at low current densities. This was found by a combined linearized ButlerVolmer and Tafel model, which showed that even at its highest points at a current density of 1.6E4 A/cm, the losses at the negative electrode did not exceed 22% of total losses. The losses of the positive electrode were found to dominate the losses of the negative electrode at all current densities, and this trend continued after Ohmic losses surpassed the combined overpotentials at the positive and negative electrode.


This study distinguishes the main features of English passive voice in general and how do its verbs reflect in Albanian in particular. Seeing the nature of the topic and its complexity, we reasonably argue that it is not easy to shed light on the problems of the verbal system of the English passive voice in the Albanian language, because difficulties arise for the contrastive linguistics even for the scholars of linguistic field in the fact that comparative studies on contrastive linguistics have a complex pathway. It is said because we still lack the proper analytical studies which would indicate the paths of the researchers results of this language discipline. This study is intended to give our modest contribution to notice the similarities and differences in the use of the passive voice as well as its structure in both languages. This contrastive analysis tries to facilitate the acquisition of English as a foreign language for students, pupils, to make the translation from English into Albanian and vice versa easier, to provide linguistic information to language researchers. The comparison is supported by the following English novels and their translated versions in Albanian such as: "Oliver Twist" by Charles Dickens and translated by Skënder Luarasi and "Silas Marner" by George Eliot and translated by Ramazan Hysa, where similar as well as different features have been found.


Emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis), an exotic invasive pest, has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America and continues to threaten the very survival of the entire Fraxinus genus. Despite its high-impact status, to date very little knowledge exists for this devastating insect pest at the molecular level. Mariner-like elements (MLEs) are transposable elements, which are ubiquitous in occurrence in insects and other invertebrates. Because of their low specificity and broad host range, they can be used for epitope-tagging, gene mapping, and in vitro mutagenesis. The majority of the known MLEs are inactive due to in-frame shifts and stop codons within the open reading frame (ORF). We report on the cloning and characterization of two MLEs in A. planipennis genome (Apmar1 and Apmar2). Southern analysis indicated a very high copy number for Apmar1 and a moderate copy number for Apmar2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both elements belong to the irritans subfamily. Based on the high copy number for Apmar1, the full-length sequence was obtained using degenerate primers designed to the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences of irritans MLEs. The recovered nucleotide sequence for Apmar1 consisted of 1,292 bases with perfect ITRs, and an ORF of 1,050 bases encoding a putative transposase of 349 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of Apmar1 contained the conserved regions of mariner transposases including WVPHEL and YSPDLAP, and the D,D(34)D motif. Both Apmar1 and Apmar2 could represent useful genetic tools and provide insights on EAB adaptation.


The primary purpose for the review articles tells about the present and past of the work were the development of the studies were Invitro antimicrobial and the technique of the research was developed into day to day life because the microbes are easily multiplied certain period best example is E.coli. Plants are most important all living nature. The medicinal plants are an essential source of bio-compounds that may serve as novel chemotherapeutic agents for certain diseases. Plants have root, leaf, steam and strength of the activity of the product of the valuable medicinal plants as using the different chemical mixture for solvent extraction like (Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetone, methanol, diethyl ether, water extract)for different activity studies in microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia , Proteus vulgaris and psedudomon asaeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas fluorescent). The present research and scientific aim of goal medicinal plants are more potential to kill different microbes and different parts of the plant body.


This article draws on Judith Butler's theories of violence and grief in order to outline a self-reflexive narrative of teaching and speaking about the Atlanta shootings of March 2021 as a queer and feminist studies scholar of Japanese studies in Hong Kong. The article briefly explains how teaching about this occurrence of anti-Asian violence in East Asia might lead to important discussions of multiple imperialisms within/around Asia, while providing background on the broader potential of Asian American studies for pedagogical contexts within Asia. However, through a description of the author's own coming into being as a racialized, gendered subject in the act of teaching about the Atlanta shootings in Hong Kong, the focus is on a highly particular account of how grief and vulnerability might offer forms of political solidarity that are not defined by roles as distinct subjects belonging to recognizable groups and communities.


Introduction Cardiovascular risk increase after ovarian deprivation has been extensively demonstrated by our research group through cardiovascular autonomic analysis. Interventions involving different types of exercises, such as resistance exercises or combined exercises (aerobic and resistance) have been widely recommended to prevent or minimize neuromuscular decline in postmenopausal women, which is aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle. Experimentally, the cardiovascular effects of resistance or combined training, as well as comparison between aerobic, resistance, and combined training, in ovariectomized animals are scarce. Purpose In this study, we hypothesized that the combination of aerobic and resistance training may be more effective in preventing muscle mass loss, as well as improving cardiovascular autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity, than aerobic or resistance training individually in ovariectomized rats. Animals and Methods Female rats were divided into 5 groups: sedentary (C); ovariectomized (Ovx); trained ovariectomized submitted to aerobic training (OvxAT); resistance training (OvxRT); combined training (OvxCT). Exercise training lasted 8 weeks, with the combined group alternating between aerobic training and resistance training every other day. At the end of the study, glycemia and insulin tolerance were evaluated. Arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by heart rate response to changes in arterial pressure. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis. Results Combined training was the only training regime that increased baroreflex sensitivity for tachycardic response and reduced all systolic blood pressure variability parameters. Furthermore, all animals submitted to exercise training on a treadmill (OvxAT and OvxCT) presented lower systolic, diastolic, and mean pressure, as well as improvements in the autonomic modulation for the heart. Conclusion Combined training showed to be more effective than isolated aerobic and resistance training, mixing the isolated benefits of each modality. It was the only modality able to increase baroreflex sensitivity to tachycardic responses, reduce arterial pressure and all parameters of vascular sympathetic modulation.


Water supplied free to urban centres imposes costs on the upland watershed. The paper analyses the conflicts and costs of such provision of external ecosystem services in a case in Yunnan, China. It argues that in order to internalise the external costs of such water supply, there should be a locally embedded system of forest management. It further argues that pricing of these external ecosystem products, like water, is needed to enable local communities to balance the benefits from their sale against costs and other benefits.


In this study we consider the applicability of Bergmann's rule to the populations of small pelagic fish species in the Mediterranean Sea. Under Bergmann's rule, body size increases with decreasing temperature and increasing latitude. Although this macroecological pattern in body sizes is well established for many taxa of endotherms and ectotherms, it does not remain universal, and the proposed mechanisms underlying it are multiple and still lack consensus. Here we explored the occurrence of geographical body size clines using measurements of average body sizes of 10 species collected in pelagic trawl hauls carried out during acoustic surveys in the Mediterranean Sea. Bergmann's rule was evaluated by correlating body sizes with latitude and temperature for each species while accounting for potential confounding variables and sampling bias. For 5 species, namely anchovy, sardine, Atlantic chub mackerel, bogue and blue jack mackerel, we demonstrate that they follow Bergmann's rule, with a decline in average body size by about 3.01, 3.43, 3.67, 3.82 and 3.76 % per 1°C of warming, respectively, although this did not translate with an increase in size with latitude. The adherence of these 5 pelagic fish to Bergmann's rules strongly suggest that temperature is a major determinant of their body sizes and enables them to act as sentinel species for identifying the drivers and consequences of warming in the Mediterranean ecosystems.


Protein–DNA complexes are one of the principal barriers the replisome encounters during replication. One such barrier is the Tus–ter complex, which is a direction dependent barrier for replication fork progression. The details concerning the dynamics of the replisome when encountering these Tus–ter barriers in the cell are poorly understood. By performing quantitative fluorescence microscopy with microfuidics, we investigate the effect on the replisome when encountering these barriers in live Escherichia coli cells. We make use of an E. coli variant that includes only an ectopic origin of replication that is positioned such that one of the two replisomes encounters a Tus–ter barrier before the other replisome. This enables us to single out the effect of encountering a Tus–ter roadblock on an individual replisome. We demonstrate that the replisome remains stably bound after encountering a Tus–ter complex from the non-permissive direction. Furthermore, the replisome is only transiently blocked, and continues replication beyond the barrier. Additionally, we demonstrate that these barriers affect sister chromosome segregation by visualizing specific chromosomal loci in the presence and absence of the Tus protein. These observations demonstrate the resilience of the replication fork to natural barriers and the sensitivity of chromosome alignment to fork progression.


This paper presents an analyzing method of the capacitance of the power transformer for initial voltage distribution and insulation design. When a high incoming surge voltage is accidently occurred in windings of transformer, it does not distribute equally in the windings. This phenomenon makes electric field concentration and the insulating material could be break. Initial voltage distribute mostly depends on capacitances between winding to winding or winding to core in the transformer. If the C network can be structuralized into the equivalent circuit model and be calculated each capacitance element value by circuit analysis and FEM(Finite Element Method) simulation program, the transformer designer could know the place where the structure is to be modified or the insulation to be reinforced. This method quickly provides the data of the voltage distribution in each winding to the designer.


"In this paper we have presented an approach to deal with decision making problems. For this purpose we have constructed a fuzzy set, namely D-fuzzy set, for a soft set. This concept of D-fuzzy set will also be used when the information is given in form of weighted soft set, fuzzy soft set or weighted fuzzy soft set. Further we will apply this method when there are more than one observer. We will define such sets as multi-observer soft set, multi-observer weighted soft set etc."


Current work presents the results of spirometric examinations in 124 children aged 5 to 16 years (mean age 12.1 years) suffering from idiopathic scoliosis. Children were treated according to asymmetric respiratory exercises method applied in period of 24 days. Healthy children living in Upper Silesia industrial region were the control group. Examined scoliotic group was characterized by generally mild lung function impairment, although the values of spirometric indexes tended to deplete with time of duration and severity of the scoliosis. Especially the tendency of the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) decrease was apparent, as well as maximal expiratory flows MEF50 and MEF25, in conjunction with Cobb angle increase. Slight but evident increase of forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 was observed as a result of rehabilitation utilizing asymmetric respiratory exercises method.


The spark spectrum of niobium was recorded in the region 250-2500 Å at Lund University (Sweden). A new analysis of Nb IV is reported, introducing eight yet untouched configurations, namely 5s2, 5p2, 4d5f, 5s5d, 5s4f, 5s5f, 5s6s and 5s6p. Ninety two classified lines establish 40 new energy levels. Earlier work of Meinders et al. is confirmed.


We have devised a power function (PF) that can predict the accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) structure model of a protein using only amino acid sequence alignments. This Power Function (PF) consists of three parts; (1) the length of a model, (2) a homology identity percent value and (3) the agreement rate between PSI-PRED secondary structure prediction and the secondary structure judgment of a reference protein. The PF value is mathematically computed from the execution process of homology search tools, such as FASTA or various BLAST programs, to obtain the amino acid sequence alignments. There is a high correlation between the global distance test-total score (GDT_TS) value of the protein model based upon the PF score and the GDT_TS(MAX) value used as an index of protein modeling accuracy in the international contest Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP). Accordingly, the PF method is valuable for constructing a highly accurate model without wasteful calculations of homology modeling that is normally performed by an iterative method to move the main chain and side chains in the modeling process. Moreover, a model with higher accuracy can be obtained by combining the models ordered by the PF score with models sorted by the size of the CIRCLE score. The CIRCLE software is a 3D-1D program, in which energetic stabilization is estimated based upon the experimental environment of each amino acid residue in the protein solution or protein crystals.


OBJECTIVE
To describe an additional case of cutaneous penile horn, an uncommon lesion that has been associated with penile neoplasia, particularly epidermoid carcinoma.

METHODS/RESULTS
Herein we describe a patient with cutaneous horn of the penis that had presented several years earlier. The patient underwent wide resection and biopsy of the tumor site. To date, no signs of tumor recurrence have been observed. The literature is reviewed.

CONCLUSIONS
Cutaneous horn of the penis is an uncommon lesion, but it must be emphasized that it can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy of the tumor site should be performed carefully and patients should undergo regular control evaluation.


[1] Analysis of surface drifter tracks in the North Atlantic Ocean from the time period 1990 to 2007 provides evidence that warm subtropical waters have recently increased their penetration toward the Nordic seas. Prior to 2000, the warm water branches of the North Atlantic Current fed by the Gulf Stream turned southeastward in the eastern North Atlantic. Since 2001, these paths have shifted toward the Rockall Trough, through which the most saline North Atlantic waters pass to the Nordic seas. These surface drifters are able to overcome the Ekman drift, which would force them southward under the westerly winds dominating the subpolar Atlantic, yet the changes in path cannot be accounted for by changes in Ekman drift. Eddy kinetic energy from satellite altimetry shows increased energy along the shifted drifter pathways across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge since 2001. These near-surface changes have occurred during continual weakening of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, as seen by altimetry. They are also consistent with the observed increase in temperature and salinity of the waters flowing northward into the Nordic seas. These findings suggest the changes in the vertical structure of the northern North Atlantic Ocean, its dynamics, and exchanges with the higher latitudes. Wind stress and its curl changes are discussed as a possible forcing of the changes in the pathways of the subtropical waters.


Facilities with CPOE in place had fewer hospital-based errors and more outpatient errors than those without a CPOE system. Databases can be useful in identifying specific types of errors related to CPOE. Most effective strategy for evaluating a CPOE system would involve a pre/post study.


Aim: Changes in QRS duration in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after sacubitril/valsartan therapy is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the association of duration of HFrEF diagnosis with electrocardiographic and echocardiographic outcomes between before and after sacubitril/valsartan. Methods: We included HFrEF patients who received naïve sacubitril/valsartan therapy for ≥3 months, between January 2016 and March 2018. All patients were divided into 2 groups based on their duration of HFrEF. Generalized linear models were analyzed the cardiac outcomes after sacubitril/valsartan therapy by HFrEF duration. Results: Among these, 42 patients were HFrEF duration of <1 year and 47 patients were ≥1 year. The mean difference of QRS duration was lesser in the <1-year group than in the ≥1-year group (−2.3 msec vs 6.3 msec; P = .029). However, the mean difference of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was higher in the ≥1-year group (13.8% vs 5.8%; P = .008). After adjusting for patient demographics and clinical characteristics, the ≥1-year group had a significantly prolonged QRS duration (coefficient = 11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-21.7) and an unfavorable LVEF recovery (coefficient = −10.3; 95% CI −14.5 to −6.1) compared with the <1-year group. Conclusion: Prolonged QRS durations and unfavorable LVEF recoveries after sacubitril/valsartan therapy were observed in patients with HFrEF duration of ≥1 year. Earlier diagnosis of HFrEF and appropriate medication treatment may be beneficial in the improvement of QRS duration and LVEF recovery.


In the post-pandemic era, online courses have been adopted universally. Manually assessing online course teaching quality requires significant time and professional pedagogy experience. To address this problem, we design an evaluation protocol and propose a multimodal machine learning framework1 for automated teaching quality assessment of one-to-many online instruction videos. Our framework evaluates online teaching quality from five aspects, namely Clarity, Classroom interaction, Technical management of online teaching, Empathy, and Time management. Our method includes mid-level behavior feature extraction, high-level interpretable feature extraction, and supervised learning prediction. Our automated multimodal teaching quality assessment system achieves comparable performance to human annotators on our one-to-many online instruction videos. For binary classification, the best average accuracy of five aspects is 0.898. For regression, the best average means square error is 0.527 on a 0-10 scale.


a non-psychologist. Psychosocial aspects of dementia are particularly well reviewed, not surprisingly in view of the second author's extensive research experience in the field. Reassuringly, non-cognitive features of dementia (of particular interest to psychiatrists and carers) are given some space which is in marked contrast to the small print usually afforded to these features by many other authors. This underscores the breadth of knowledge enjoyed by the editors. At £30, this is not a text for the dabbler, but it would not claim to be such. The authors avoid the trap of extending into areas other than their own, although an overview in the first chapter is presented. The authors are to be congratulated at compressing their collected knowledge into such a readable and understandable text. It presents the view from one of the many disciplines involved in dementia and I suspect that the medical profession could do well from dipping into its pages, assuming that, even for a short time, we were happy to be included as "other health care professionals." ALISTAIR BURNS


The discussion of different principles of additivity (finite vs. countable vs. complete additivity) for probability functions has been largely focused on the personalist interpretation of probability. Very little attention has been given to additivity principles for physical probabilities. The form of additivity for quantum probabilities is determined by the algebra of observables that characterize a physical system and the type of quantum state that is realizable and preparable for that system. We assess arguments designed to show that only normal quantum states are realizable and preparable and, therefore, quantum probabilities satisfy the principle of complete additivity. We underscore the little remarked fact that unless the dimension of the Hilbert space is incredibly large, complete additivity in ordinary non-relativistic quantum mechanics (but not in relativistic quantum field theory) reduces to countable additivity. We then turn to ways in which knowledge of quantum probabilities may constrain rational credence about quantum events and, thereby, constrain the additivity principle satisfied by rational credence functions.


Synthetic polyelectrolytes and muramyldipeptide derivatives are tested as immunostimulators. It is established that the level of antibody-forming cells and specific (virus-neutralizing and precipitating) antibodies considerably rises during the immunization of human adenovirus I hexon in the combination with N-acetylglucosaminyl-muramyldipeptide and conjugation with a copolymer including acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone. A more expressed intensification of the antibody-formation is observed with the use of polyelectrolytes.


Alexandria, the capital of Egypt during the Hellenistic and Roman periods is often hailed as the ancient cosmopolitan center of Mediterranean par excellence. Since the foundation of the city by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, several traditions- along with their representatives, mainly Greek and Egyptian- coexisted and interacted with each other, resulting in a multiculturalism in Alexandrian society. However, in the past scholarship, the Greek cultural aspect of the city has been extensively discussed, while the Egyptian part has never been fully overviewed and interpreted. Such interpretations caused in a large extent, from the one side, a deformed picture of the Alexandria's Greek-ness, almost equal to this of a Greek "colony" separated from Egypt –Alexandria ad Aegyptum- and from the other side a blur picture about the role of the Egyptian tradition in the Greco-Egyptian interaction and the life of Alexandrian society. However, over the last decade an alternative framework of understanding has been developed in several case studies, while discoveries from the underwater missions indicate that the city had much more Egyptian characteristics than hitherto believed. Therefore, the thesis aims to provide an overview and interpretation of the Egyptian elements and influences in Alexandria, focusing on issues of ideology, culture, identity and public life. In this way, it has been attempted to offer a better understanding of the multicultural life of Alexandria in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.


Proposes a geometric algorithm for finding all linear decision boundaries each of which correctly separates two nonoverlapping classes of pattern vectors. When the given T patterns are linearly separable, the algorithm terminates in T iterations, even though the computational time for each iteration tends to increase. When the given T patterns are linearly inseparable, the algorithm is able to detect it in at most T iterations. >


Conventional methods for radiolabelling biomolecules such as proteins and peptides with fluorine-18 for PET imaging rely on carbon-fluorine bond formation and are complex and inefficient. Several non-carbon elements form strong bonds (i.e. with high bond enthalpy) with fluorine, but with lower activation energy for their formation compared to carbon-fluorine bonds, whilst preserving a relatively high kinetic stability. In particular, by incorporating boron-, aluminium- and silicon-containing prosthetic groups into biomolecules, promising results have recently been achieved in the radiolabelling with F-18-fluoride under mild aqueous conditions, affording a level of convenience, efficiency and specific activity potentially superior to those offered by conventional C-F bond formation methods. The promise already shown by these early studies heralds a new branch of bioconjugate radiochemistry involving a wider range of "fluoridephilic" elements for synthesis of PET molecular imaging agents.


In order to investigate tribological effects of nano copper particles impregnated(CuN) on surface polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) on sealing wear and an experimental study was carried out to determine the wear behavior of copper nano-particles impregnation two kind thickness in super critical liquid. Experimental results showed that the friction coefficients of CuN PTFE at the low sliding speed(0.44m/s) and the oil temperature () were higher than that of virgin PTFE. And a thin nano copper particles impreganated thickness was formed on the surface in the PTFE and the specimen with this treatment has much better friction properties than the original one. Fortunately, at the high load(80 N) and the oil temperature, the friction coefficient of CuN PTFE was lower than that of virgin PTFE. This evidenced the load carrying capacity of CuN PTFE was much better than that of virgin PTFE under the high load condition(80 N) specially. Therefore, it can be concluded that the friction coefficient variation of CuN PTFE is very small but its wear rate decreases greatly with increase in sliding speed.


We study the propagation of TM- and TE-polarized light in two-dimensional arrays of silver nanorods of various diameters in a gelatin background. We calculate the transmittance, reflectance and absorption of arranged and disordered nanorod arrays and compare the exact numerical results with the predictions of the Maxwell–Garnett effective-medium theory. We show that interactions between nanorods, multipole contributions and formations of photonic gaps affect strongly the transmittance spectra that cannot be accounted for in terms of the conventional effective-medium theory. We also demonstrate and explain the degradation of the transmittance in arrays with randomly located rods as well as the weak influence of their fluctuating diameter. For TM modes we outline the importance of the skin effect, which causes the full reflection of the incoming light. We then illustrate the possibility of using periodic arrays of nanorods as high-quality polarizers.


Variational KL (varKL) divergence minimization was previously applied to restructuring acoustic models (AMs) using Gaussian mixture models by reducing their size while preserving their accuracy. In this paper, we derive a related varKL for exponential family mixture models (EMMs) and test its accuracy using the weighted local maximum likelihood agglomerative clustering technique. Minimizing varKL between a reference and a restructured AM led previously to the variational expectation maximization (varEM) algorithm; which we extend to EMMs. We present results on a clustering task using AMs trained on 50 hrs of Broadcast News (BN). EMMs are trained on fMMI-PLP features combined with frame level phone posterior probabilities given by the recently introduced sparse representation phone identification process. As we reduce model size, we test the word error rate using the standard BN test set and compare with baseline models of the same size, trained directly from data. Index Terms: KL divergence, variational approximation, variational expectation-maximization, exponential family distributions, acoustic model clustering.


• A patient who had lost weight and had chills, fever, and cough had an enlarging nodule in the upper part of the left lobe of the lung and hyperhidrosis of the right side of his head and trunk. There was no evidence of Horner's syndrome. A lymph node biopsy specimen obtained by mediastinoscopy showed a poorly differentiated metastatic adenocarcinoma. Systemic tumors may induce unilateral hyperhidrosis by stimulation of the contralateral cervicothoracic sympathetic chain. ( Arch Dermatol 1981;117:659-661)


This paper reports on a comprehensive review of state of art on the performance of 3D panels for structural applications under general loading. Axial compression strength of 3D wall panel depends on compressive strength of concrete and aspect ratio of the wall panel, whereas shear strength of 3D panels depends on the number of diagonals (100 or 200 diagonals per sq.m). The flexural strength of 3D slab panels depends on shear span and degree of composite action. The seismic performance of buildings using 3D panels is well understood that forces acting horizontally on 3D panel buildings, due to earthquake forces, are transferred most effectively by 3D shear walls. A frame-like design of 3D buildings with heavy reinforcement in the joints is not necessary. Especially in residential buildings a box-like 3D-structure is the best option to receive high strength and meet architectural requirements at the same time. For dimensioning, 3D slabs and 3D walls can be considered independently of each other.


High-spin states in 139Ce have been populated using the 130Te(12C,3n) reaction at beam energy of 50MeV. The level scheme of 139Ce has been revised and extended greatly up to E=5765.0keV. The level structure of 139Ce shows typical characteristics of spherical nucleus, and the high-spin states were formed by the excitations of valence nucleons. Energies of the yrast and near yrast high-spin states in 139Ce have been calculated by the empirical shell model, and the multi-quasiparticle nature of high-spin excited states has been discussed.


Patients admitted to hospital with chest infections were examined serologically to see if these were due to Legionella pneumophila. Each of the 219 samples of serum collected from 177 patients was examined by two standard tests. The tests, which generally agreed, identified three individuals (1.7% of the group) who had sufficient antibody to suggest that they were suffering from current legionellosis. Serological evidence of previous infection was discovered (with differing degrees of certainty) in 26 (14.7%) of the others. The study showed that legionellosis is endemic in Singapore, and so must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of cases of pneumonia.


An electromagnetic topology model used to analyse the high power microwave effect on the different electrical components is presented. The model, whose foundation is linear coupling of aperture, emphasizes on the basic concept of electromagnetic topology, the abstract in the system analysis and two parameters: the polarization of electric field and the frequency of HPM. The algorithm of graph theory is combined with and the electromagnetic coupling paths needed to be enhanced under HPM environment can be found.


At the beginning of its journey, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) were not built keeping security in mind. Along with the proliferation of sensor applications, the need for security in sensor networks has been increased. However, due to the resource constrained sensor nodes as well as its unique nature of communication, it is very difficult to use traditional security solutions for sensor networks. Some initiatives have been taken to introduce security protocols for sensor networks but they are not enough and are based on different assumptions. To be more precise, it is very difficult to identify which security protocol is suitable for which kind of sensor applications. At the moment, there is an urgency to formally define all the security environments (or security classes) for sensor a network so that a sensor application can identify all the security protocols belongs to its security class. In addition, defined security classes will certainly help in building good security protocols for each security class. In this paper, we provide a generic framework to find out all the security classes for sensor networks. According to our best of knowledge, this work is the first attempt to fulfill this urgency of sensor networks.


doctrines. "Japan was not merely to be contained and held back, but to be squeezed and harried until she conformed, that is, until she disgorged her gains and abandoned her evil ways." Meanwhile, the freezing of Japanese assets in July had put Japan's back to the wall, and the Japanese leaders decided that they had to fight. The crucial question which a book based only on sources in Western languages cannot answer definitively is whether the "moderates" (as Schroeder calls them), who apparently wanted to reach agreement with the United States, were really in control of the Japanese military.—ELLSWORTH C. CARLSON.