We modeled internal tide generation above a high sinusoidal ridge in a fluid with a mid-depth pycnocline and developed an original method to quantify internal tide vertical mode amplitude in two-dimensional-vertical simulations. Since lowest modes can propagate over considerable distances, while high modes are more likely to dissipate locally, estimating the tidal energy distribution among vertical modes is necessary to investigate the spatial redistribution of the tidal energy. Our numerical approach allows expansion and verification of previous analytical studies over a larger range of configurations. The tidal energy distribution among vertical modes is shown here to be dependent on the topographic resonance criterion and the topographic blocking parameter.


Teachers play a very important role in the process of teaching and learning English in school. One of the most significant problems faced by the English teacher is lack of studentsÂ' active participation in English classes. To overcome the problem, the teacher must be able to give motivation and to guide the students in the direction of a good learning. Reinforcement is one of the important tools of motivation in teaching and learning. Giving reinforcement can be done verbally and non-verbally, with the principle of warmth, enthuasiasm, meaningful and avoiding negative response. Reinforcement can be directed to specific personal and to the whole classes. In the implementation, reinforcement should be given immediately and varied, so that the reinforcement is expected to make the students do better.

The purposes of this study were: (1) to describe the kinds of reinforcement given by the teacher, (2) to describe the techniques the teacher uses to give reinforcement to the students and (3) to describe the studentsÂ' perception toward the reinforcement given by the teacher. This study used descriptive research methods to conduct the research. The sample of this research were 25 students of second class SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Babat. The instruments used to gather the data were observation fieldnote, interview guide and questionnaire.

The findings of this study showed that the kinds of reinforcement that were often used by the English teacher in classroom were positive reinforcement in the form of praise, approval and bonus point. There was purposed to generate studentsÂ' motivation and to encourage studentsÂ' active participation in teaching and learning process in class. Therefore, in teaching English the teacher used verbal and non-verbal technique in giving reinforcement to improve the studentsÂ' spirit in learning English and to eliminate fear among the students. Finally, the students stated that using positive reinforcement through verbal and non-verbal techniques could make progress and improvement for them in learning English. They becomes actively to participate in classroom when their teacher gave them positive reinforcement after they performed well.


What people do with their lives and those of their family affects their health more than anything the government can do. But what they can do is determined, to a great extent, by their income and knowledge – factors that are not completely within their control. Policies that accelerate income growth and reduce poverty make it possible for people to afford better diets, healthier living conditions, and better health care. Policies to improve people's income, assists their welfare, expands educational opportunities, and policies that work to ensure effective and accessible health services for all aim to reduce poverty. At the same time, to make the commitment work, there must also be many policies in place to improve the capacity of the administrator and the quality of public service delivery. When these policies are combined, they create a virtuous cycle in which reduction of poverty and public service delivery reinforces each other. Because people's ability to improve their own health depends so much on income and education, the policy conclusions are clear: government should work to boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and develop human resources through expanded job opportunities, increased public health spending and education. The question is: have these economic policies taken into account the strategy to deliver the service for the poor? To protect the most vulnerable members of society, it is appropriate for governments to ensure that transfers and other special arrangements are effective.


In this paper, we introduce a three-dimensional method-of-moments approach, suitable for the analysis of real-life monolithic circuits for microwave/millimeter waves. It shares the flexibility and the efficiency of the currently available spectral-domain commercial simulators, while allowing all metallizations to have finite thickness and finite conductivity and the ability to handle dielectric discontinuities. The method is successfully applied to several structures, like metal-insulator-metal capacitor, spiral inductors, and microelectromechanical capacitive switches in the 1-50-GHz frequency range.


record card, signed by the graduate if acceptable, and a further copy of the record card (which now contains the results of previous and current chemical investigations) is made and issued as the report. This latest report replaces the previous report, which is discarded from the patient's case folder. Reports are filed permanently in the case notes when a patient is discharged from hospital or when one section of the record card is completely filled (when the left half of the plasma urea and electrolyte section is full, the corresponding signatures are covered with a plain label and the right-half can then be used).


For the old gods, after all, things came to an end long ago; and verily, they had a good gay godlike end. They did not end in "twilight," though this lie is told. Instead: one day they laughed themselves to death. That happened when the most godless word issued from one of the gods themselves--the word: "There is one god. Thou shalt have no other god before me!" An old grimbeard of a god, a jealous one, thus forgot himself. And then all the gods laughed and rocked on their chairs and cried, "Is not just this godlike that there are gods but no God?" (1) let us note one of the limits of theories of translation: all too often they treat the passing from one language to another and do not sufficiently consider the possibility for languages to be implicated more than two in a text ... How is the effect of plurality to be rendered? (2) ********** IN an English translation of Roland Barthes's essay, "La morte de l'auteur," the text, referring to a narrative passage in Balzac's Sarrasine, asks, "Who speaks in this way?" and goes on to wonder if it was "the hero of the tale ... ? ... Balzac the man ... ? ... Balzac the author ... ? ... universal wisdom? Romantic psychology?" (3) And just as the Barthes text asks this of Balzac's text, we ask this of Barthes's, Who is speaking to us this way? Is it Barthes the nuanced, exacting reader performing his reading for us? Barthes the clever stylist creating a gap between what he says and what he does? Barthes not so much an Author but an Author-function, a name and a swirl of texts, a body of scholarship accruing under the signature/signifier called "Barthes"? The text then provides an answer: "We can never know, for the very good reason that writing is the destruction of every voice, every origin. Writing is that neuter, that composite, that obliquity into which our subject flees, the black-and-white where all identity is lost, beginning with the very identity of the body that writes" ("DA," 49). It's only fair to ask first, Which body that writes? Barthes the irreverent critic who wrote this essay in French three decades ago? Or Richard Howard the translator whose name never appears on the covers of books as an Author-function, even though he has written the words I have just quoted? (4) Or Stephen Heath the translator who wrote the same essay and therefore the same question--not in the present imperfect but in the present continuous--"Who is speaking thus?" (5) "Qui parle ainsi?" Speaking? We talk as if we hear a voice speaking in the present (be it imperfectly, or continuously). What is it that seems to come alive for us? We are sure that there was a hand (or two, or three) that wrote, past tense. And now we imagine a voice that speaks, present tense. Speaks whose tongue? Barthes's French tongue, Heath's English tongue, Howard's American tongue--it's not just the hand that writes which becomes separated from this voice we hear, but the very tongue that speaks. How can Barthes claim that it is language speaking? If it is, language is speaking in tongues. No doubt it has always been so: once a word has been uttered, written, or otherwise made manifest, it has already become a translation, has already been incorporated into the world's Babel. (6) Book 11 of Genesis teaches us that the profusion/confusion of language is an inherent, most sorrowful condition of man who longs for a transcendent unity the Fall has rendered impossible. "This story recounts," Jacques Derrida writes, "the origin of the confusion of tongues, the irreducible multiplicity of idioms, the necessary and impossible task of translations, its necessity as impossibility." (7) Thus, in these post-Christ, post-Plato centuries we have been taught to believe in the purity of the spirit of words, have been taught to mistrust only the flesh of language and to look instead toward the Truth animating it. That with divine inspiration reader and writer, speaker and listener can rise above the confusion, to a unitary state above Babel. …


The purposeof this studywas to determinehowlongthe effect ofsoaking andstirringthesagopithof sagostarchproductionquality. This study was conductedexperimentallyusing aComplete Random Design(CRD) withtwofactorials. The first factoris thesoaking time that consists ofthree levelsandthe second factoris the length ofthe stirring that consists oftwo levels. Soakingis donewiththe composition of15litersof water/kg ofsagopith. Stirringis donemechanicallywith a speed of620rpm. The results showedthat there is no significant effecton the quality ofsagostarchproduced in theinteractionbetween thelongsoaking timeandstirringno. Based on thetreatment factor, longagitationalso did not give significant effectonimproving the quality ofsagostarch and soaking timetreatments gave significant effecton the quality ofsagostarch.  Generally, the combinationtreatment of R3A2(Soaking for 15hoursandstirring for2minutes) is thebesttreatment, the yield ofsagostarchproducedby50.57%, ash content0.46%, the starch content of54.84%,  0.41% of fiber content, texturesmooth, grayish-whitecolorand littletasteof sago. Keywords : SagoStarch, immersionandstirring


Monochromatic filtering with ultra-narrowband and high spectral contrast is desirable for wide applications in display, image, and other optoelectronics. However, owing to the inherent omhic losses in the metallic materials, a broadband spectrum with a low Q-factor down to 10 inevitably limits the device performance. Herein, we for the first time theoretically propose and demonstrate an ultra-narrowband color-filtering platform based on the layered all-dielectric meta-material (LADM), which consists of a triple-layer high/low/high-index dielectrics cavity structure. Owing to the lossless dielectric materials used, sharp resonances with the bandwidth down to sub-10 nm are observed in the sub-wavelength LADM-based filters. A spectral Q-factor of 361.6 is achieved, which is orders of magnitude larger than that of the plasmonic resonators. Moreover, for the other significant factor for evaluation of filtering performance, the spectral contrast reaches 94.5%. These optical properties are the main results of the excitation of the resonant modes in the LADMs. Furthermore, polarization-manipulated light filtering is realized in this LADM. The classical Malus law is also confirmed in the reflective spectrum by tuning the polarization state. More interestingly and importantly, the filtering phenomenon shows novel features of the wavelength-independent and tunable resonant intensity for the reflective spectrum when the LADM-based filter is illuminated under an oblique state. High scalability of the sharp reflective spectrum is obtained by tuning the structural parameters. A single-wavelength reflective filtering window is also achieved in the visible frequencies. These features hold promise for the LADM-based filter with wide applications in color engineering, displaying, imaging, etc.


Many viral proteins undergo proteolytic processing events that are required for virus infection and virion assembly. In this issue of Biochemical Journal, Strongin and co-workers report that the NS3 protease from West Nile virus unexpectedly cleaves certain substrates at pairs of basic residues, a specificity that resembles that of the furin-like PCs (proprotein convertases). This led to the demonstration that furin/PC inhibitors containing poly(D-arginine) are also potent inhibitors of NS3, and that anthrax toxin protective antigen and myelin basic protein are potential NS3 substrates. Structural modelling based on Dengue virus NS3 provided a possible rationale for the observed cleavage specificity of West Nile virus NS3.


OBJECTIVE
To clarify the outcome of surgical reconstruction for renal artery in Takayasu arteritis-induced renal artery stenosis (TARAS).

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted on 33 consecutive patients with TARAS, who underwent aortorenal bypass (ARB) with autologous saphenous vein graft. There were 9 male and 24 female patients, with a mean age of (25 ± 11) years. The effects on blood pressure and renal function were analyzed. Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were determined. The effects of various factors on primary patency rate were analyzed. All patients showed hypertension. The mean blood pressure was (175 ± 26)/(100 ± 19) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). The mean antihypertensive dosage was (2.1 ± 0.6) defined daily dose (DDD). Seventeen patients showed intractable hypertension. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was (78 ± 5) ml/min. One patient was dialysis-dependent, and 3 patients were combined with congestive heart failure.

RESULTS
ARB was performed for the 39 renal arteries, including 27 unilateral and 6 bilateral bypasses. Postoperative morbidity was 15.2%. All patients survived. During follow-up of mean (56 ± 18) months, two graft occlusions and four graft restenoses occurred. All graft restenoses were eliminated successfully with percutaneous angioplasty, but one patient experienced restenosis again six months later. At 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up, primary patency was 92%, 89%, and 79%, respectively, primary assisted patency was 95%, 95%, and 91%, respectively, and secondary patency was 95%, 95%, and 91%, respectively. ARB resulted in a decrease in mean blood pressure to 139/85 mmHg (one month post-ARB, P = 0.000) and 136/80 mmHg (last follow-up, P = 0.000), and a reduction in mean antihypertensive dosage to 1.4 DDD (one month post-ARB, P = 0.084) and 0.6 DDD (last follow-up, P = 0.000). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate increased to 82 ml/min (P = 0.458) one month post-ARB, and 91 ml/min (P = 0.044) at last follow-up, respectively. The dialysis-dependent patient no longer required hemodialysis, and left ventricular dysfunction resolved in all of the three patients.

CONCLUSION
ARB using the autologous saphenous vein graft is safe, effective and durable for treating TARAS.


Chest pain is an important presenting symptom. However, few cases of chest pain are diagnosed as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the acute setting. This results in frequent inappropriate discharge and major delay in treatment for patients with underlying ACS. The conventional methods of assessing ACS, which include electrocardiography and serological markers of infarct, can take time to manifest. Recent studies have investigated more sensitive and specific imaging modalities that can be used. Diastolic dysfunction occurs early following coronary artery occlusion and its detection is useful in confirming the diagnosis, risk stratification, and prognosis post-ACS. Cardiac magnetic resonance provides a single imaging modality for comprehensive evaluation of chest pain in the acute setting. In particular, cardiac magnetic resonance has many imaging techniques that assess diastolic dysfunction post-coronary artery occlusion. Techniques such as measurement of left atrial size, mitral inflow, and mitral annular and pulmonary vein flow velocities with phase-contrast imaging enable general assessment of ventricular diastolic function. More novel imaging techniques, such as T2-weighted imaging for oedema, T1 mapping, and myocardial tagging, allow early determination of regional diastolic dysfunction and oedema. These findings may correspond to specific infarcted arteries that may be used to tailor eventual percutaneous coronary artery intervention.


An apparent colonisation of the Papuan south coast by pottery-making villagers about 2000 years ago led in the 1970s to the development of a regional sequence of first millennium AD decorated pottery styles now known as Early Papuan pottery (EPP). Important in defining this style horizon is the Yule Island site of Oposisi first excavated by Ron Vanderwal in 1969. As part of an on-going re-appraisal of pottery production along this coast by two of us (see Summerhayes and Allen 2007) we took advantage of an opportunity to re-sample the site in 2007. A paper proposing a much earlier starting date for EPP based on dates for sherds in Torres Strait (McNiven et al. 2006) meant that we could also take advantage of this visit to acquire further dating samples. A coherent set of seven new AMS dates strongly supports the Oposisi sequence beginning at c. 2000 BP. Beyond this our sample produced much more obsidian, imported from Fergusson Island 600 km to the east, than had previously been recorded for the site. This attests to stronger and more continuous eastern links than had been previously supposed. Lastly the paper reviews EPP in the light of recent pottery finds that suggest pre-EPP pottery will occur on the south Papuan coast.


Abstract. Open pit mines localized in high mountains are probably one of the most complex environments for Structure-From-Motion (SfM) based photogrammetry. The case study presented in this paper refers to the realization of a detailed topographic mapping in the Torano marble basin (Apuan Alps, Italy) which needed, after decades of excavation activity, a new topographic survey.Given the requested very high resolution, the time constraints and safety-related problems, a photogrammetric approach by a fixedwing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was chosen to carry out thesurvey of the basin. In addition, given the morphological complexity of the area, characterized by extreme steep slopes more than hundreds of meters high, and the necessity to minimize the fieldwork without sacrificing the work quality, an UAV equipped with a L1/L2 Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was used.The scope of this work is to compare the accuracy of UAV derived 3D photogrammetric models realized with different approaches: by using traditional Ground Control Points (GCPs), by using the on-board Network Real Time Kinematic system for camera position detection, and a mix of both. At the end, we tested the quality of the models to verify the reachable levels of accuracy.


The gemcitabine– cisplatin doublet is a reference treatment in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. In a recent metaanalysis evaluating 4556 patients from 13 clinical trials, the doublet was found to produce a statistically significantly reduced risk of mortality when compared with other platinum-based regimens. Vascular events have been described in relation to cancer or resulting from toxicity from several chemotherapy agents. Cisplatin is one of these agents, with a toxicity incidence of approximately 8 –12%. In a recent issue of Cancer, Numico et al. presented an evaluation of major vascular events with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. We would like to add the following points. First, although it was a prospective study, there was no mention of an initial workup of preexistent vascular disease in each patient (e.g., Doppler ultrasound or other vascular or hematologic evaluations). Second, performance status, which is worse in those patients with vascular events, may be a predisposing factor, as may the use of erythropoietin. Third, it may be significant that the authors reported seven cases of distal arterial thrombosis, a number that is disproportionate in relation to the other events described. In our opinion, the role of gemcitabine in vascular toxicity has been somewhat neglected. Since our description of major arterial ischemia first was published, more evidence regarding gemcitabine as a causative agent of vascular events has been accrued. We have observed another two cases of distal arterial ischemia develop with a novel schedule of cisplatin and gemcitabine. Venoocclusive disease occurring in the liver or lungs, vasculitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombotic microangiopathy also have been reported. A brief Medline search of the terms "vascular toxicity" and "gemcitabine" returned 10 articles that implicated gemcitabine, alone or with cisplatin, as playing a major role in the development of vascular events. Although not specifically stated in their article, we believe the interesting work by Numico et al. supports our previous clinical observation regarding increased arterial vascular toxicity in patients treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.


Cor triatriatum dexter is a very rare malformation in which the right atrium is divided into two chambers by a membrane. The case of a 24-year-old woman with a history of heart failure due to postpartum cardiomyopathy is reported. She was admitted to the emergency department for an acute exacerbation of her underlying disease. An echocardiogram was performed and cor triatriatum dexter was diagnosed. The patient was referred to the cardiovascular surgery department for surgical resection.


In recent years, people are paying more and more attention to health issues. World Bank "World Development Report 1993" regards that the good state of health can improve personal economic productivity and enhance national economic growth. Therefore, investment in health is a way to speed up the development. Basing on the analysis of a large amount of references, this article chooses 15 factors for health investment and build a health investment cost calculation models employing Principal Component Analysis of which the results suggest that health investment cost of shanghai from 2001 to 2007 shows an ascending trend. This indicates that health issue is paid more and more attention and the investment for it is increasing constantly. However, problems existed in the construction of health investment are also reflected.


Tubular GRE lining technology has been globally applied used since 1960's in eliminating downhole tubular corrosion, replacing the elevated CAPEX of CRA OCTG and assuring steady oil, gas and water flow through the downhole string with its flow assurance benefits.
 Compared to conventional carbon steel whose failures are frequent, the GRE lined carbon steel provides long lasting protection which results in huge savings in life cycle cost. Likewise, compared to CRA material capable of withstanding corrosion issues, the GRE lined CS provides direct capital cost savings. Apart from the economic benefits, operators deploying GRE lined CS have enjoyed superior well integrity over the life cycle of the well.
 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC ONSHORE) implemented this technology in 2013 for the water disposal wells (5 wells as trial, all of them were successful). We will share the results of the caliper logs that have been run into these wells and the inspection of tubing pulled out of the disposal wells after 4 years in service. Following the assessment, which was satisfactory, the first Water Injection well with GRE lined tubing has been RIH in 2021, and plans for Oil producers with GRE lined tubing in Q2-2023.
 Till the time of writing this paper, 19 GRE lined strings have been RIH in Aon's water disposal wells, and 2 strings have been run in water injection wells (under study and field test and assessment).
 This paper shares the evolution of this technology within the Aon from the first installation to the development of a contract and how Aon geared to absorb this technology in their system. Some of the challenges that faced the company were: The modifications that were required to the wells' designs.How the service provider was aware of Aon's operational well intervention jobs.How this is compatible with the lining system.


A problem with wavefront reconstruction is that smaller details are often smeared out in the background of larger noise. A least squares fit tries to distribute measurement errors over the entire region. Features of the size of the RMS error tend to get obscured. We present a reconstruction algorithm and framework that redresses some of these problems. Small patches are reconstructed and then joined together. We discuss how this is implemented.


An experimental study has been made at very low temperatures of the thermoelectric power of potassium and alloys with sodium, rubidium and caesium as solutes. The results enable a clear separation to be made between the ' electron diffusion 'and' phonon drag' components of thermoelectric power. Comparison of the results with theory has led to a number of useful conclusions about phonon and electron scattering in potassium; we believe our results also confirm that the Fermi surface in pure potassium must be nearly spherical and we have drawn conclusions about the influence of rubidium and caesium in distorting the Fermi surface of potassium. Our interpretation of the data on phonon scattering by impurities has led us to consider the possible role of coherent scattering of lattice waves when the impurity concentration becomes fairly high. It appears that of the three impurities, rubidium probably strains the parent lattice least when it is present in solid solution.


The phenomenon of a hundredfold more rapid blood clearance of biotinylated immunoglobulins after post-injection of an equiponderate dose of avidin is described. The concentration of 125I-labeled biotinylated IgG in rat circulation slowly decreased to 20% of the initial level in 24 hours. Avidin injection at any moment of this period induced a 90-95% reduction of blood radioactivity in 15 minutes. Up to 70% of the radioactivity was recovered in the liver. The technique of enhanced blood clearance developed in rats was checked in dogs using biotinylated monoclonal anti-human fibrinogen antibodies, capable of concentrating in dog thrombus. The results obtained offer the possibility of thrombus/blood contrast increase in radioimmunoimaging.


Myelination of axons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (PNS) of vertebrates including humans enables the fast, saltatory propagation of nerve impulses by restricting action potentials to short unmyelinated axonal segments termed nodes of Ranvier (1). Defects in nerve myelination are causative of a variety of myelin diseases that range from leukodystrophies to peripheral neuropathies with demyelination such as the genetically heterogenous group of Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) (2) disease or nonhereditary neuropathies caused by diabetes and infections. Despite the fact that the formation of myelin provides a unique secretory challenge to myelin-producing cells, we know surprisingly little about the underlying cell biological processes. In PNAS, Baba et al. (3) identify a crucial role for the Golgi-associated phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIβ (PI4KB) in the myelination of peripheral nerves by Schwann cells.

Myelin in the PNS forms as a spiral extension of the Schwann cell plasma membrane, which wraps around its target axon by lateral and radial expansion followed by compaction into the characteristic periodic layering of the myelin sheath (1). In the PNS, only axons with a diameter of 1 μm or more are myelinated, while small-diameter axons, in particular group C nerve fibers, are unmyelinated and grouped together in so-called Remak bundles. Myelinated compact axonal segments (internodes) are interspersed by nodes of Ranvier, where axonal sodium channels are concentrated (1). Previous studies have uncovered crucial cell-autonomous functions for lipids and lipid-metabolizing enzymes including phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinases and phosphatases in the regulation of myelin biogenesis (2, 4, 5).

Hence, Baba et al. (3) generated conditional knockout (cKO) mice specifically lacking PI4KB, an enzyme thought to contribute the majority of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P]-synthesizing activity to the Golgi complex (6), in peripheral myelin-producing Schwann cells. The Golgi complex functions as a major sorting station for protein secretion …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: haucke{at}fmp-berlin.de.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


This paper proposes simple, cost-effective schemes for wavelength conversions in optical cross-connect(OXC) systems using wavelength-fixed light sources and an optical space switch, and provides improved performance in stability and wavelength range and channel spacing. In addition, the schemes avoid the need for the wavelength locking control that is needed after changing the probe beam wavelength from one wavelength to another. The technical feasibility of the proposed prefix scheme is investigated through experiment of wavelength conversions based on the cross-gain modulation. The results show that the proposed wavelength conversion scheme in OXC can be used with a ± 4 dB deviation to afford a 2 dB power penalty deviation. The proposed post-fix scheme does not require an optical space switch.


A general overview of the chemical structures and development of synthetic estrogens and steroid contraceptives is presented. The first truly successful steroid contraceptive Enovid was developed in 1960. There are now some 40 steroid contraceptives marketed around the world. The specific properties of various highly effective long term antiovulatory oral contraceptives i.e. lynestrenol and desogestrel are discussed. The formation of progesterone-receptor complexes in cellular fluids and other biochemical processes the biochemical action of antispermotoxins i.e. Danazol and biochemical synthesis of steroid contraceptives are explored in further detail.


Photocatalysis is a promising technology to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as novel photocatalysts owing to their inherent structural characteristics of a large surface area and a well-ordered porous structure. Most importantly, via modulation of the organic linker/metal clusters or incorporation with metal/complex catalysts, not only the reactant adsorption and light absorption but also the charge separation and reactant activation will be largely promoted, leading to superior photocatalytic performance. In this article, we will first introduce the photophysical/chemical properties of MOFs; then various strategies of modification of MOFs towards better photocatalytic activity will be presented; finally, we will address the challenge and further perspective in MOF-based photocatalysis.


Image matching is widely used in many applications, such as visualbased localization and 3D reconstruction. Compared with traditional local features (e.g., SIFT) and outlier elimination methods (e.g., RANSAC), learning-based image matching methods (e.g., HardNet and OANet) show a promising performance under challenging environments and large-scale benchmarks. However, the existing learning-based methods suffer from noise in the training data and the existing loss function, e.g., hinge loss, does not work well in image matching networks. In this paper, we propose an end-toend image matching method that with less training data to obtain a more accurate and robust performance. First, a novel data cleaning strategy is proposed to remove the noise in the training dataset. Second, we strengthen the matching constraints by proposing a novel quadratic hinge triplet (QHT) loss function to improve the network. Finally, we apply a stricter OANet for sample judgement to produce more outstanding matching. The proposed method shows the state-of-the-art performance when applied to the large-scale and challenging Phototourism dataset that also reported the 1st place in the CVPR 2020 Image Matching Challenges Workshop Track1 (unlimited keypoints and standard descriptors) using the reconstructed pose accuracy metric.


MacLeod R, Tibben A, Frontali M, Evers-Kiebooms G, Jones A, Martinez-Descales A, Roos RA and Editorial Committee and Working Group 'Genetic Testing Counselling' of the European Huntington Disease Network. Recommendations for the predictive genetic test in Huntington's disease Clin Genet 2012. © John Wiley & Sons A/S, 2012 R MacLeoda,†,‡, A Tibbenb,†,‡, M Frontalic,†, G Evers-Kieboomsd,†, A Jonese,‡, A Martinez-Descalesf,†,‡, RA Roosg,†,‡ and Editorial Committee and Working Group 'Genetic Testing Counselling' of the European Huntington Disease Network†,‡ aGenetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK, bCentre for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands, cIstituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale del CNR, Rome, Italy, dDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, eInternational Huntington Association, c/o Huntington's WA (inc) The Niche, 11 Aberdare Road, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia, fNeurological Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Avda, Reyes Católicos, 2 28040, Madrid, Spain, and gDepartment of Neurology Leiden, University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands


Aquatic plants aggressively colonising wetlands are widely used for the biosorption of the soluble contaminants from wastewater and represent an attractive feedstock for biofuel production. Three common Australian aquatic plants, duckweed (Landoltia punctata), elodea, (Elodea canadensis) and water clover (Marsilea quadrifolia), colonizing different depths of wetlands were tested for their ability to treat the selenium-rich mining wastewater and for their potential for production of petrochemicals. The results showed that these plants could be effective at biofiltration of selenium and heavy metals from mining wastewater accumulating them in their fast growing biomass. Along with production of bio-gas and bio-solid components, pyrolysis of these plants produced a range of liquid petrochemicals including straight-chain C14-C20 alkanes, which can be directly used as a diesel fuel supplement or as a glycerine-free component of biodiesel. Other identified bio-oil components can be converted into petrochemicals using existing techniques such as catalytic hydrodeoxygenation. A dual application of aquatic plants for wastewater treatment and production of value-added chemicals offers an ecologically friendly and cost-effective solution for water pollution problems and renewable energy production.


The economies-of-scale model of Cloud services has brought many financial and technical benefits for organizations. However, recent events like the attack on Dyn and GitHub have shown that successful attacks on big Cloud providers can cause a massive impact on a major portion of the Internet ecosystem. In this project, we will study how the consumer portfolio of a Cloud provider may affect its risk profile. We will use the result to develop a recommender system for choosing a Cloud provider based on consumer security and business requirements. Insights from our research can be used to simulate an alternative more secure market structure for the Cloud ecosystem. We invite fellow researchers to further discuss this idea and possible collaboration.


Simulated presence therapy (SPT) for people with dementia involves the creation of a tape featuring reminiscence by their spouse covering the early part of their life together and other memories which they have shared. This tape is then played to the resident by means of a personal stereo. Previous studies have suggested that SPT is effective in reducing social isolation, verbal aggression and agitation. The sample in this research project consisted of four residents from an in-patient assessment unit for people with dementia. Using single-person case study design, with subjects acting as their own controls, the conditions were no intervention (A), SPT intervention (B), and a tape of the person's favourite music (C). Two control conditions were used by means of an ABACA design. The measures used included attachment style and observational scales. The results indicated that SPT had beneficial effects for two of the subjects. 11 references.


Laser beams made up of millions of sharply defined and coherently locked optical frequencies, called optical frequency combs, may provide a way to implement a powerful quantum computer.


Uniparental disomy for chromosome 16 has been previously identified in fetal deaths and newborn infants with limited follow-up. Thus there is a lack of information about the long-term effects of maternal uniparental disomy 16 on growth and development. We present a case of maternal heterodisomy for chromosome 16 and a comprehensive 4-year physical and cognitive evaluation. Cytogenetic analysis of chorionic villus obtained at 10 weeks gestation for advanced maternal age showed trisomy 16. At 15 weeks, amniocentesis demonstrated low level mosaicism 47,XY,+16[1]/46,XY[25]. Decreased fetal growth was noted in the last 2 months of pregnancy and the infant was small for gestational age at birth. Molecular studies revealed only maternal alleles for chromosome 16 in a peripheral blood sample from the child, consistent with maternal uniparental heterodisomy 16. Although short stature remains a concern, there appears to be no major cognitive effects of maternal disomy 16. Clinical evaluation and follow-up on additional cases should further clarify the role of placental mosaicism and maternal disomy 16 in intrauterine growth retardation and its effects on long-term growth in childhood.


The 1st Central and Eastern European Proteomic Conference was organized together with the 3rd Czech Proteomic Conference in the TOP Hotel, Prague in the Czech Republic from the 29th to the 31st October, 2007. The aim was to strengthen links with scientists from Central and Eastern Europe including Russia, which until now have been weak or nonexistent, and to highlight the emergence of excellent proteomic studies from various countries, which until now were not visible.


The labelling index (LI) of 96 breast adenocarcinomas and of 43 upper respiratory and digestive tract cancers has been measured. For the two histological groups, the distribution of individual values is found to be log-normal, with a mean value depending on the tumour type. Our data have been compared with other authors results. The dispersion of individual values within a same histological type suggests that the LI is interesting as an individual value depending on the patient and his own cancer. For breast adenocarcinomas the LI values obtained have been separated in two groups depending upon the patient age, the age of 53 has been chosen to separate premenopausal from post-menopausal patients. A test of significance showed that the two corresponding log-normal distributions were different, even at the 0.01 level of significance, a mean LI value thus characterizing each distribution.


Several surgical techniques to treat thumb basal joint arthritis have been described. In this study we compared the results of a cemented thumb basal joint with trapeziectomy with a ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition. A questionnaire was sent to all 519 patients, 322 (with 382 procedures) responded. No significant differences were found when comparing impairment, pain, patient satisfaction and disability. Given the fact that the superiority of a prosthesis cannot be proven and the cost of the implant is greater, we recommend the trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition as opposed to arthroplasty as the first choice in the treatment of basal joint osteoarthritis of the thumb.


Abstract Host plants usually play a crucial role in the first step of speciation, leading to host-associated differentiation (HAD) among populations that use different host plants. Previous studies of eriophyoid mite species have revealed HAD using morphometric and molecular methods. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that HAD occurred among different populations of the pink tea mite, Acaphylla theae and the purple tea mite, Calacarus carinatus from three tea-producing areas of China. These tea-producing areas grow recently radiated varieties of tea. Therefore, diversification within these phytophagous mites was expected. However, using a K2P comparison, calculation of pairwise FST, network analyses and AMOVA based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers, no association between genetic diversity and host plant species was detected. Moreover, a very low level of haplotype and nucleotide diversity and a lack of geographical structure were found. The absence of genetic differentiation among host-associated populations suggests that these two species are real generalists of different varieties of tea. The limited genetic diversity among the populations of these two species can be attributed to their recent colonization of tea, and to their passive spread by frequent human commercial activities.


Natural convection heat transfer in a porous annulus filled with a Cu nanofluid has been investigated numerically. The Darcy–Brinkman and the energy transport equations are employed to describe the nanofluid motion and the heat transfer in the porous medium. Numerical results including the isotherms, streamlines, and heat transfer rate are obtained under the following parameters: Brownian motion, Rayleigh number (103–105), Darcy number (10−4–10−2), nanoparticle volume fraction (0.01–0.09), nanoparticle diameter (10–90 nm), porosity (0.1–0.9), and radius ratio (1.1–10). Results show that Brownian motion should be considered. The nanoparticle volume fraction has a positive effect on the heat transfer rate, especially with high Rayleigh number and Darcy number, while the nanoparticle diameter has an inverse influence. The heat transfer rate is enhanced with the increase of porosity. The radius ratio has a significant influence on the isotherms, streamlines, and heat transfer rate, and the rate is greatly enhanced with the increase of radius ratio.


A pilot study with a fixed extract combination Ze 91019 of valerian and hop was conducted in 30 patients suffering from mild-moderate, non-organic insomnia. The diagnosis was confirmed by polysomnographic standard examinations. The patients were treated with 2 tablets in the evening. Each tablet contains 250 mg valerian extract and 60 mg hop extract. A polysomnographic re-examination after 2 weeks of treatment revealed declines in the sleep latency and the wake time. As a consequence the sleep efficiency increased. Sleep stage 1 (S1) was reduced and the slow wave sleep increased. In addition, the patients judged their being refreshed in the morning by assigning a rating of 1 to 6. They reported an improvement after 2 weeks of treatment. No adverse events were observed. Based on these findings a pivotal study can be designed.


Risk assessment is a suitable method for general decision making in the field of seismic safety. The aim of seismic risk assessment is to calculate the probability of detrimental economic and social effects in a particular region due to earthquake. Performing risk assessment requires information about seismic performance and response of the structure. In this paper, the seismic performance of moment resisting reinforced concrete frame with shear wall is studied using incremental dynamic analysis. 20 far-field earthquake records are used and the fragility curve is presented. The results indicate considerable effect of structural stiffness on the probability of limit states violation.


The liver is the most common metastatic site for colorectal cancers, and approximately 15–20% of the patients show liver metastasis on initial. Accurate detection and localization of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are crucial to the management of patients with colorectal cancer because CRLM is an important prognostic factor, and its surgical resection can improve the survival. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) play an essential role in the detection and localization of CRLM. With technical advances in these imaging studies, such as multi-detector row CT, diffusion-weighted image (DWI), liver MRI using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents, and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET fused with CT, their diagnostic performance has improved.


It is believed that the production rate of D 0 → K 0 ¯ K 0 is almost solely determined by final state interactions (FSI) and hence provides an ideal place to test FSI models. Here we examine model calculations of the contributions from s-channel resonance f J (1710) and t-channel exchange to the FSI effects in D 0 → K 0 ¯ K 0 . The contribution from s-channel f 0 (1710) is small. For the t-channel FSI evaluation, we employ the one-particle-exchange (OPE) model and Regge model respectively. The results from two methods are roughly consistent with each other and can reproduce the large rate of D 0 → K 0 ¯ K 0 reasonably well.


Objectives The purpose of our study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of blood purification (BP) therapy in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for articles published. Results The analysis included 13 studies with 934 patients (263 in BP group, 671 in control group). There was no difference in efficacy and safety between the BP group and the control group (all P > 0.05). Compared with conventional treatment, BP had shorter hospital stay (mean difference, −4.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], −8.81 to −1.11; P = 0.01) in the case of similar mortality and complications. Meanwhile, insulin treatment showed similar mortality to BP, but fewer local complications (odds risk, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.13–4.20; P = 0.02) and shorter hospital stay (mean difference, 5.46; 95% CI, 0.64–10.29; P = 0.03). Conclusions In the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis, BP methods are effective in accelerating triglyceride level reduction and shortening hospital stay but do not affect the efficacy or reduce mortality significantly compared with conventional treatment. Insulin therapy has the same effect as BP but decreases incidence of complications and cost.


Abstract Background The association between sarcoidosis and autoimmunity has been reported for years. However, the significance of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology and clinical management of sarcoidosis is not well understood. No autoantibodies that can be used as serologic biomarkers to diagnose the disease, monitor the state of the disease, and predict the prognosis of patients are established. Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of serum autoantibodies and analyzed their associations with clinical features of sarcoidosis. Results Patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases-associated autoantibodies had a higher prevalence of advanced radiographic stage and consolidations in high-resolution computed tomography than patients without autoantibodies (p < .05). Age, sex, clinical history, pulmonary function tests, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels, rheumatoid factor, and the number of involved organs were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions There may be an association between autoantibodies and more advanced pulmonary lesions in patients with sarcoidosis. Further investigations are needed to establish the significance of autoantibodies.


We present experiments demonstrating an enhancement of resonant two-photon transition rate in 87Rb utilizing spectral phase manipulation of the excitation frequency comb. By selectively removing certain comb teeth, the resonant two-photon transition rate can be improved, and reach a factor of more than 1.8. The femtosecond pulse-train excitation of two-photon transition is investigated theoretically based on general multiphoton transitions and the results are compared with the experiments. The theory presented here gives a clear insight of physical mechanism of this quantum coherent control and indicates that it is simple, effective and universal for nonlinear interactions between frequency combs and matters.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of burden and social support of mothers with Cerebral Palsy (CP) children, and to determine whether providing social support is an effective strategy to relieve the burden of those mothers. Method: From October to November 2007, the data were collected from 63 mothers with CP children who were admitted and treated for CP at Y rehabilitation center in Seoul. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS 12.0. Results: Burden of mothers was related to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) of the CP children. Social support was negatively correlated and GMFCS was positively correlated with burden of mothers. Social support and GMFCS was statistically significantly related with burden of mothers with CP children by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: There was a significantly negative correlation between social support and burden. It demonstrated that social support, an important factor relating to burden imposed on mothers of CP children, can be considered as an intervening variable which can contribute to decrease of burden. In addition, applying developmental screening measures are needed to decrease disability severity.


Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by lipoatrophy, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatomegaly and acromegaloid features. On the basis of mutational and haplotype analysis, BSCL families have been classified into three types BSCL 1, BSCL2 and BSCLX. We report Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL2 type) in three subjects from two unrelated Indian families (family1 and family2). The mutation (c.IVS2 11 A GT G ) found in affected members of family1 is a newly identified mutation. We also report the association of renal anomaly with this new mutation.


Reciprocals are characterized by a crossover of thematic roles within a single clause. So, in John and Mary wash each other, each of John and Mary is both washer and washed, both agent and patient. This often plays havoc with the process of mapping to argument structure, which in regular clauses assumes a unique thematic role for each argument. The competing pressures to distinguish and merge the reciprocating argument(s) are resolved by different languages in very illuminating ways that, at the same time, often create special argument configurations not found in other clause types. While some languages either treat reciprocals as clearly transitive (like Warlpiri or English), or clearly intransitive (like Gumbaynggir or Yimas), other languages adopt a mixed or ambivalent solution. In this paper we examine a range of transitivity mismatches in reciprocal constructions including: (a) monovalent clauses with a single ergative NP; (b) mismatches between case marking and the number of arguments on auxiliaries or pronominal affixes to the verb; and (c) the use of ergative marking on secondary predicates and instrumentals with a nominative subject. Such mismatches pose some interesting problems for theories of both transitivity and argument structure.


ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to determine to what extent induced aniseikonia affects fixation performance. Aniseikonia was induced in the vertical meridian only, whereas fixation alignment was monitored in the horizontal meridian. A previously developed technique based on the dependency of border enhancement bandwidth on fixation eccentricity was used to monitor deviations from central fixation during fusion. Stress on the fusion mechanism was supplied by controlled increments of forced horizontal vergence. It was found that deviation from central fixation in the horizontal meridian generally increases with increasing amounts of vertical aniseikonia. The effect is particularly pronounced for small amounts of aniseikonia.


The author offers a critical examination of the provisions on purchase and sale in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Focusing narrowly on the text of the code, the paper starts with a broad overview of, and commentary on, the provisions and then provides a detailed article-by-article commentary on individual provisions. Potential difficulties are identified (especially with respect to transfer of ownership, remedies, and the code's attempt to blend common and civil law approaches to sale) and suggestions are offered for how the text might be clarified or, in certain cases, substantively changed. In view of the broad similarity between the provisions on sale in the Russian code and the rules on contracts of sale applicable in Western market economies generally, the paper proposes neither far-ranging criticisms nor radical reforms of the Russian law.


While allocating the cloud's resources the most crucial task for any service provider is the fulfilment of SLA obligations, since, non-meeting of these obligations results in penalty cost that would ultimately increase the providers' cost and will also affect their customer's satisfaction level. This might further have an impact on the software services and may increase the administrative and resource management cost. The admission control mechanism can play a pivotal role in resolving this problem by acting as a guide for resource provisioning. Thus, one must make efforts for the establishment of a better admission control mechanism between SaaS and IaaS provider. The model and algorithm proposed in this paper is an effort to show the significance of admission control mechanism for a service provider during the process of resource allocation, so as to minimize SLA violation and it's after-effects. Findings of the simulation study show that the proposed model helps in the successful admission of tasks in Cloud, meeting QoS constraints defined in SLA.


This paper presents the findings of an extensive measurement study on multiple commercial third-generation (3G) networks. We have investigated the performance of those 3G networks in terms of their data throughput, latency, video and voice call handling capacities, and their ability to provide service guarantees to different traffic classes under saturated and lightly loaded network conditions. Our findings point to the diverse nature of the network resources allocation mechanisms and the call admission control policies adopted by different operators. It is also found that the 3G network operators seem to have extensively customized their network configurations in a cell-by-cell manner according to the individual site's local demographics, projected traffic demand, and the target coverage area of the cell. As such, the cell capacity varies widely not only across different operators but also across different measurement sites of the same operator. The results also show that it is practically impossible to predict the actual capacity of a cell based on known theoretical models and standard parameters, even when supplemented by key field measurements such as the received signal-to-noise ratio Ec/N0.


The field experiment was corried out in the experimental selected area in Dropla village (North-East Bulgaria) in the period 2012 2014. The test was performed by means of a block method with four repetitions; experimental field area 25 m after winter wheat predecessor. The following sunflower hybrids were tested; Kondi, Neoma, Adajhio, Alego and PR64F50. The aim of the investigation was to determine the potential of yield of the tested sunflower hybrids in the region of North-East Bulgaria. The analysis of the results showed that the highest values of elements of productivity were reported with the hybrid Neoma and the lowest – with the PR64F50 hybrid. Hybrid Neoma was most suitable for growing under the conditions of North-East Bulgaria; it gave maximum mean seed yield (3523 kg/ha) and oil yield (1742 kg/ha) during the three years of testing. This was the hybrid with highest mean crude fat content – 49.3%. Lowest seed and crude fat seed yields were obtained from the Alego hybrid (3160 and 1456 kg/ha).


Summary. Glutamate formimino transferase activity (GFA) and liver folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were decreased in rats fed diets deficient in methionine and vitamin B12. The addition of either methionine or vitamin B12 resulted in a rise in GFA and in liver folate levels. However, L. casei serum folate was not affected by the dietary level of vitamin B12 or methionine, but the S. faecalis serum folate decreased as the level of dietary methionine and vitamin B12 was increased. The results of these studies do not appear to support the concept that vitamin B12 deficiency results in a 'pile‐up' of N5‐methyl folate but suggests that it induces folate deficiency. Also the results suggest that the effect of vitamin B12 on folate metabolism may be mediated via methionine metabolism.


The issue of social change is clearly central to discussions of oppressive systems and discourses which exist within current cultural contexts. Drawing on literature concerned with changing sexist and racist practices we reflect on the complexities of these debates. As feminist psychologists, we are particularly interested in the ways in which various strands of psychological theorising may come to embody, support and resist systems and practices of racialised and gendered oppression(s). In this paper, we discuss particular historical and contemporary efforts to subvert or deconstruct racist and sexist discourses within the context of particular theorisations of power to which specific calls for social change are aligned. Moreover, arguing from discursive and social constructionist standpoints, we consider how material and theoretical implications may be drawn out to encourage change in practice.


Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria and their relevant multidrug resistance is particularly important in clinical diagnosis, disease control, and environmental monitoring. In this contribution, we have explored the possibility to rapidly detect some important disease related bacteria based on a nanostructured Au modified indium tin oxide electrode through the antibiotic agents such as doxorubicin. The rapid and real-time electrochemical detection of multidrug resistant bacteria like Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could be readily realized through the nanostructured Au based biosensor with high sensitivity. The observations of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy also demonstrate the effectiveness of the relevant new strategy for the rapid and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of some disease related bacteria.


INTRODUCTION: Dentin sialoprotein (DSP) is a dentin extracellular matrix protein, a unique marker of dentinogenesis and plays a vital role in odontoblast differentiation and dentin mineralization. Recently, studies have shown that DSP induces differentiation and mineralization of periodontal ligament stem cells and dental papilla mesenchymal cells in vitro and rescues dentin deficiency and increases enamel mineralization in animal models. THE HYPOTHESIS: DSP as a nature therapeutic agent stimulates dental tissue repair by inducing endogenous dental pulp mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells into odontoblast-like cells to synthesize and to secrete dentin extracellular matrix forming new tertiary dentin as well as to regenerate a functional dentin-pulp complex. As DSP is a nature protein, and clinical procedure for DSP therapy is easy and simple, application of DSP may provide a new avenue for dentists with additional option for the treatment of substantially damaged vital teeth. EVALUATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS: Dental caries is the most common dental disease. Deep caries and pulp exposure have been treated by various restorative materials with limited success. One promising approach is dental pulp stem/progenitor-based therapies to regenerate dentin-pulp complex and restore its functions by DSP induction in vivo.


Currently, no proven treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by infection with the novel (new) coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, clinicians and policymakers advise preventive measures. This rapid review addresses the comparative effectiveness of various types of facemasks in the community and in healthcare workers (HCWs) for prevention of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the effectiveness and safety of mask re-use. Given this rapidly emerging field and the urgent need for answers, the AHRQ Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program is updating this report on a regular basis. The original review was based on searches through May 6, 2020, and this update is based on searches through June 2, 2020. Comments and any unpublished data should be sent to email@example.com, and appropriate changes will be made in the subsequent version.


We present a compressed sensing framework for reconstructing the full light field of a scene captured using a single-sensor consumer camera. To achieve this, we use a color coded mask in front of the camera sensor. To further enhance the reconstruction quality, we propose to utilize multiple shots by moving the mask or the sensor randomly. The compressed sensing framework relies on a training based dictionary over a light field data set. Numerical simulations show significant improvements in reconstruction quality over a similar coded aperture system for light field capture.


BACKGROUND
Secondary lymphedema is a clinically incurable disease that commonly occurs following surgical cancer treatment and/or radiation. Microcurrent therapy (MT) has been shown to decrease inflammation and promote wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of MT in a rat model for forelimb lymphedema induced by axillary lymph node dissection.

METHODS
The model was created by dissecting the right axillary lymph node. Two weeks after surgery, 12 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: one that underwent MT in the lymphedematous forelimb (MT, n=6) and a sham MT group (sham MT, n=6). MT was applied daily for 1 h in each session for two weeks. The circumferences of the wrist and 2.5 cm above the wrist were measured 3 days and 14 days after surgery, weekly during MT and 14 days after the last MT. Immunohistochemical staining of pan-endothelial marker (CD31), Masson's trichrome, and western blot analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) were performed 14 days after the last MT. Quantification of the area covered by blood vessels (CD31+) and fibrotic tissue area were measured using an image analysis program (ImageJ software).

RESULTS
The circumference of the carpal joint in the MT group was significantly decreased 14 days after the last MT compared to that in the sham MT group (P=0.021). The area covered by blood vessels (CD31+) was significantly higher in the MT group than in the sham MT and contralateral control group (P<0.05). The extent of fibrotic tissue was significantly attenuated in the MT group compared to the sham MT group (P<0.05). The expression of VEFGR3 was 2.02-fold higher for MT group, compared for the contralateral control group, which was statistically significant (P=0.035). VEGF-C expression was 2.27-fold higher for MT group than that for contralateral control group; however, the difference between the groups was not significant (P=0.051).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that MT promotes angiogenesis, and improves fibrosis in secondary lymphedema. Therefore, MT may be a novel and non-invasive treatment modality for secondary lymphedema.


Purpose: In the digital age of 21st century, open source movement is considered to be a new paradigm for software use and development. Evolutionary Rapid Development (ERD) is the concept of integrating software systems based on the reuse of components and by the use of software and architectural templates. The objective of the study is to use ERD fundamentals for exploratory analysis and development of software features, infrastructure and components with the adoption of leading edge open source geospatial technologies for doing geospatial data processing tasks. Methodology: In the study many open source geospatial tools are evaluated, adopted and integrated using ERD in GIS framework. Findings: The paper provides an architectural framework for geospatial data processing using evolutionary rapid development technology (ERD). Practical Implications: This paper highlights the challenges faced by the geospatial software developers to glue systems together and their resolution by using ERD as a technical model. Keywords: Evolutionary Rapid Development (ERD); Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Open Source Softwares; Geo Processing; Classification Paper Type: Technical


Interculturality is a process of communication and interaction between people of different cultures in which the integration and harmonious coexistence between them is favored. Mexican population has a strong feeling for the ethnic belonging; regardless if they speak an indigenous language or not. However, there is a significant gap in health conditions of indigenous groups due to geographical dispersion and isolation, in addition to the discriminatory treatment they receive, which is because their needs and demands are not met. The present review is focused on critically analyze the current situation of interculturality in health, pointing out inclusion strategies adopted by other countries and emphasizing that this is a pending issue for the Mexican Health System, which leads to the conclusion that interculturality has a great importance in public policies and work strategies focused on the well-being of indigenous peoples.


Abstract Carbohydrate & Protein Malnutrition is broadly perceived as, significant medical issue in the world due to cereal-based dietary examples. The protein nature of the cereal-based diet can be improved by fortification. Edible mushrooms are rich in protein, carbohydrate, minerals, other nutritive compounds. Fortification of mushroom in cookies helps improve cookies quality alongside fulfill nutrition demand. Powdered Mushrooms are one of these sources that have incredible potential. This paper surveys the impact of Button and Oyster mushroom powder on the rheological, physicochemical, textural and quality attributes of the cookies item. Mushrooms were cleaned in normal water and whitened with steam for 7 min, then sliced it for uniform size, dried the sliced mushrooms in a microwave oven at 55 °C, 120 min. Then transfer it powder form. Fortified 15% of mushroom powder improves baking period quality, cookies shape, protein, carbohydrate & nutrition value. Fortification range of up to 20% was tolerating in bakery products. Contingent upon the wholesome and tactile outcomes, it very well may be rea stoned that 15% mushroom strengthened with flour is worthy quality and it healthful better over locally accessible flours. The discoveries of the current investigation will be useful individuals experiencing a lack of healthy sustenance and other degenerative illnesses. Further, an expansion was noticed sure repulsive consequences for practically all quality parameters of the cookies which could decreased by the expansion of different modifiers and added substances so as get fantastic quality treats. That impact makes protein and Carbohydrate rich cookies later on.


ABSTRACT Background: Awareness of deficit plays an important role in adjustment following a brain injury and has been noted to impact on engagement with and outcome of rehabilitation. However, there are challenges associated with the assessment of awareness. Aim: To systematically review all instruments used to assess intellectual awareness of deficits following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in adults, and evaluate instrument characteristics (e.g., the format and focus of measures of awareness) and assessment methods adopted. Results: Thirty-four studies, all rated as fair to good quality, were identified and within these twenty-three different assessment tools were adopted. The most common method of assessment was patient-proxy discrepancy, with three frequently used instruments employed in a total of 22 of the 34 studies. Across studies, variability was noted regarding the type of assessment method dependent on various sample demographics (e.g., age of sample) and injury characteristics (e.g., time post injury). Conclusions: There is no consensus on the preferred instrument to assess intellectual awareness of deficits after TBI. Continued instrument development should attempt to incorporate multiple perspectives and assessment should take into account demographic and injury-related factors. An insightful avenue for future research would be to determine which factors are likely to impact awareness measurement.


We use scanning gate microscopy to map out the trajectories of ballistic carriers in high-mobility graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride and subject to a weak magnetic field. We employ a magnetic focusing geometry to image carriers that emerge ballistically from an injector, follow a cyclotron path due to the Lorentz force from an applied magnetic field, and land on an adjacent collector probe. The local electric field generated by the scanning tip in the vicinity of the carriers deflects their trajectories, modifying the proportion of carriers focused into the collector. By measuring the voltage at the collector while scanning the tip, we are able to obtain images with arcs that are consistent with the expected cyclotron motion. We also demonstrate that the tip can be used to redirect misaligned carriers back to the collector.


Explains that sweeping structural reform combined with national change in attitude have dramatically altered the business environment in New Zealand. Yesterday, New Zealand was a tale of faded prosperity and lost promise; today, it receives praise from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and The Economist as a role model for economic reform. Protectionism, interventionism and import substitution have been replaced by nearly complete economic freedom. As a key component of these reforms, liberalization of international and domestic trade is providing unprecedented opportunities and challenges for both multinational and local firms. Following a stage‐setting introduction to the country and its people, outlines the recent decade of economic rebirth, exploring the ramifications of the national restructuring on business strategies and decision making in the areas of market entry, importing and exporting, investment, human resource management and innovation. Explores major current issues affecting business, and examines policies on inbound foreign investment and immigration.


Aberrant expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in cancers as a promising druggable target due to the fact that a modulation of the deregulated single miRNA seems to revert the therapeutically unfavorable gene expressions in cancer cell by targeting multiple genes. Global miRNA profiling from a number of patient cohorts in various type of human cancers has identified miR-138 as a signature of tumor suppressor that are down-regulated in most types of human cancer. As a tumor suppressor, miR-138 can inhibit oncogenic proteins by directly bind to their mRNAs. However, in rare cases of cancer stem cell population from glioblastoma, miR-138 seems to be down-regulated and plays an oncogenic function. This review will summarize accumulating evidence that has shown the expression and functional role of miR-138 in various human cancers with its target genes and pathways in a hope to find a better therapeutic option to treat human cancers.


The study aimed to analyze the trend in grapes, economics of grape production, resource use efficiency and constraints. Results revealed that area under grape cultivation is decreasing over a decade by 1.17 per cent. The production and productivity also declined by 10.16 and 9.55 per cent, per annum, respectively. Total cost of grape cultivation (Panneer variety) was about Rs. 3.20, Rs.3.60 and Rs.1.50 lakh per ha in Theni, Coimbatore and Dindigul districts, respectively. Net income per ha was Rs. 3.74 lakhs, Rs.2.97 lakhs and Rs.2.09 lakhs for the samples districts. Age of vine yard, FYM and phosphorus are the factors that have positive and significant influence on the yield of grapes. Pest and disease infestation, labour problem, water scarcity, price fluctuation and lack of price information were the major constraints faced by the gape farmers. The study suggested that grape growers association may provide  price information and research should focus on developing new high yielding variety that are resistant to disease infestation and tolerant to local climatic condition.


Most work on reading comprehension question answering systems has focused on improving performance by adding complex natural language processing (NLP) components to such systems rather than by combining the output of multiple systems. Our paper empirically evaluates whether combining the outputs of seven such systems submitted as the final projects for a graduate level class can improve over the performance of any individual system. We present several analyses of our combination experiments, including performance bounds, impact of both tie-breaking methods and ensemble size on performance, and an error analysis. Our results, replicated using two different publicly available reading test corpora, demonstrate the utility of system combination via majority voting in our restricted domain question answering task.


Objective: Green chemistry is the approach for synthesizing and using of chemicals that minimize risks to human and to the environments. The aim of this study describes the synthesis of some new thiadiazole, pyrazole and coumarin derivatives bearing benzofuran moiety by conventional, solvent free conditions (grindstone) and evaluating their antimicrobial effect. Methods: Interaction of benzofuran derivative with different reagents under both grinding and conventional conditions. Results: A facile, rapid and eco-friendly route with good yield for the synthesis of new thiadiazole, coumarin and pyrazole derivatives by grinding the reactants was reported. The structure of newly synthesized compounds was elucidated from spectral data (IR, NMR and mass). The investigation of antifungal and antibacterial screening data revealed that some of the tested compounds show moderate to low activities. Conclusion: 3-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde was utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new heterocycles, namely 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole, pyrazole and coumarin derivatives under both grinding and convenential conditions. Most of the newly synthesized products revealed moderate activity against the tested microorganisms.


A new approach to boundary trace inequalities for Sobolev functions is presented, which reduces any trace inequality involving general rearrangement-invariant norms to an equivalent, considerably simpler, one-dimensional inequality for a Hardy-type operator. In particular, improvements of classical boundary trace embeddings and new optimal trace embeddings are derived.


Background & Aim: Succinylcholine has obvious advantages for facilitating endotracheal intubation in the ambulatory setting patients(eg: low cost, fast onset and no need for reversal of neuromuscular relaxant). Unfortunately postoperative myalgia(POM) may frequently occur after the use of succinylcholine and this myalgia may be particularly troublesome in outpatients. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Atracurium or Lidocaine alone or together for prevention of succinylcholine – induced fasciculation and postoperative myalgia in patients undergoing small or ambulatory surgery. Patients and Methods: This study was prospective and clinical trial and conducted on 80 ASA physical status I, II patients aged between 30-50 years that were scheduled for elective and ambulatory or small surgeries under general anesthesia in Uromieh Imam Khomeini hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the four groups(n= 20 for each group); group 1: without pretreatment, group 2: 3mg atracurium, group 3: 1mg/kg lidocaine, group 4: 3mg atracurium and 1mg/kg lidocaine together, before 1.5mg/kg succinylcholine was administered. During induction of anesthesia incidence of fasciculation was assessed and four point rating scale was used for its severity assessment. In addition, severity of myalgia was assessed by a four point rating scale at 4, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. For each of patients data collected included demographic variables(eg: age, sex, duration of operation), presence or absence of fasciculation, myalgia, severity of myalgia, severity of fasciculation and time of onset of myalgia. Correlations between fasciculation and myalgia, limitation in ambulation, and need for excessive analgesics in postoperative phase were assessed and then differences analyzed via Fisher's-Exact test and Chi-Square test. P value<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Non of the patients complained of any side effects after administration of the study drugs. Severity and rate of fasciculation was observed less frequently in groups 1, 3 (30%,50%) as compared with groups 2,4(10%,10%). This difference was significant between groups 1 and 2(pv=0.014) and between groups 1 and 4(pv=0.014). Meanwhile this comparison was not significant between other groups. Inother words decrease in incidence of fasiculation is more pronounced with use of atracurium alone or atracurium with lidocaine than use of succinylcholine without any pretreatment. Seventy percent of fasciculated patients had myalgia; in the remaining 30% postop myalgia did not occur. Incidence of myalgia was more frequent in groups 1,3(40%, 25%) as compared with group 2(5%) and this difference was significant between groups 1,2(pv=0.021). However it was not statistically significant between groups 1 and 3(Pv=0.5). However none of the patients in group 4 reported myalgia. Severity of myalgia in groups 1 and 3 was mild and moderate but this severity in group 2 was only mild. Severe myalgia was not reported in any of the cases. Conclusion: This study suggests that use of succinylcholine in conjuction with atracurium(3mg) or lidocaine(1mg/kg) as pretreatment resulted in reduction of fasciculation and postoperative myalgia, (although atracurium was more effective than lidocaine).This study demonstrated that pretreatment with atracurium combined with lidocaine was more effective in reducing Succinylcholine-induced fasciculation and postoperative myalgia, in comparison to using each alone.


Landslides occur due to the field of slip. Identification of Soil Landslide Identification Using Geolistrik Method The Wenner configuration has been done in Gayamharjo Village, Prambanan Sub-district, Sleman District. This study aims to determine the structure of subsurface rocks and identify the field of ground slip in the landslide prone areas in the study area. Measurements were made as many as 3 trajectories, the smallest spaced between 20 meters electrode with 300 meters of track length. The tool used is Syscal Jr Switch-48. Data processing uses RES2DINV software that produces 2D subsurface modeling. The results of the interpretation showed that th e location of the study identified the constituent rock consisting of three layers of subsurface rocks (1,36 to 6,86) Ωm, sandstone (15,4 to 34,6) Ωm, and andesite rocks (77, 8 to 393) Ωm. In the three trajectories of the research area, there is a slip field with th e potential for landslide: track 1 at point 40 s.d.80 with a depth of 37 m, track 2 at point 220 s.d. 240 with depth 26 m, path 3 at point 100 s.d. 140 with a depth of 37 m.


Human education in Vietnam for society and economy has been paid much attention in recent years. By using historical analysis, combined with dialectical materialism method, this study aims to identify and analyze what factors affect human education in Vietnam society, for socio-economic development. This paper uses a combination of qualitative analysis, historical and dialectical materialism methods to analyze and give out recommendations. Therefore, there are many factors that affect Vietnam human education including but not limited to: Western culture and education, Asian or Easter culture, Buddhism, Confucianism, Ho Chi Minh ideology, etc. We will explore their values in educating people in Vietnam society in the globalization and integration era. Last but not least, we will suggest some opinions on maintaing good traditional values and perspectives on educational issues for socio-economic development in an emerging market like Vietnam. Our recommendations can be applied in other emerging markets if suitable.


In this paper, the method to apply the RFID technology to schools will be presented in order to effectively integrate and manage various assets in school. The proposed system may be seemed to be very useful of individual school to grasp the status of their assets and also the central government to control and manage the assets scattered far and wide around the country. We also propose the OSN/PMS server based on EPC global standard could be appropriate especially in schools. In addition, the proposed system can acquire simultaneously the information from several RFID readers at real time so that it is possible and easy to track the position, the path of moving and the status of assets in the school. To show the usefulness of the proposed system, the prototype of the system has been implemented and conducted. The proposed system seems to be applicable to various fields such as factories. farms. or homes as well as school.


Since humanoid robots have a number of degrees-of-freedom in general, a pattern-based approach of the motion control reduces its difficulty. It is necessary, however, to absorb and compensate disturbances in order to maintain the stability of robots in the real world. We developed a balancing method for humanoid robots with a little modification of predesigned motion trajectories. The method proposed has an advantage that it is allowed to choose any combination of joints as modified properties, so that it has enough flexibility, being applicable for various types of robots and motions. It consists of two phases; in the first phase, the referential COG displacement is decided in accordance with both the short-term and the long-term absorption of disturbances. And in the second phase, the COG is manipulated with the whole-body cooperation, using the COG Jacobian. We verified the validity of the method with some simulations.


The objective of the paper is identifying the main organic food sales channels from processing companies and attempting to determine their influence on organic food processing. Recently, the dynamic development of organic farming and its market has been observed. Nevertheless, the elements of this market show a number of weaknesses. One of the weakest links of the studied market is the processing of organic food, which bears a high transaction cost resulting from, among others, low distribution development. The paper presents the results of an inquiry research carried out in the first half of 2019 on 55 organic food processors. Conducted research shows that the production structure of the examined companies, mainly focused on fruit, vegetable and cereal products, is only partly adjusted to consumer expectations, who increasingly prefer organic dairy and meat. The main distribution channel is sales to small retail outlets. Wholesale trade came second, although still too underdeveloped, to assure effective products flow from processors to retail. More than half of the studied processors sell their products abroad, mainly to EU countries, North America and Asia. However, it is low-processed products, which are mostly exported. This is an unfavourable phenomenon from a value-added generating perspective.


ABSTRACT The facilities for laying hens should be designed to provide thermal comfort and satisfactory luminosity for the production of quality eggs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial behavior of thermal conditions and light intensity of facilities for laying hens with vertical cages naturally conditioned during winter and summer. Air temperature, air relative humidity and light intensity data were collected in 75 points distributed evenly through the longitudinal direction of the installation in three tiers of cages (first, third and sixth). Each point represented a set of coordinates (x, y, z), being the x-axis the lines (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5), y-axis the sections (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5) and z-axis the tiers (N1, N2, N3). The spatial behavior of the thermal conditions of the facility was held during the coldest period of winter and the warmest period of summer. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme. In the winter, the temperature showed homogeneous behavior among sections and variable among lines. In the summer, the spatial variability of temperature and humidity was more accentuated than in the winter, mainly among tiers. For both seasons, the center of the facility presented lower light intensity than the lateral. From the spatial behavior of the thermal conditions of the facility laying hens, it is possible to verify the magnitude and variability of temperature, relative humidity and light intensity, identify vulnerable and deficit thermal regions and contribute to decision-making related to thermal conditioning and luminosity of the facility.


We present the numerical simulation and experimental results on generation dynamics of an all-fiber holmium laser with an intracavity modulator based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The experimental data were compared with numerical simulation results in a wide range of parameters. An explanation for the observed increase in the pulse repetition rate from 5.8 to 11.6 kHz, as well as the transition to the chaotic pulsations mode, was given. A numerical variation of the unknown or difficult-to-measure losses in the experiment was carried out. The obtained set of parameters allowed us to implement the correct numerical optimization of an active medium and cavity. As a result, the peak powers of about 9.5 and 13 W were obtained during the experiments, as well as in the numerical simulation.


We propose a novel method for the multi-view reconstruction problem. Surfaces which do not have direct support in the input 3D point cloud and hence need not be photo-consistent but represent real parts of the scene (e.g. low-textured walls, windows, cars) are important for achieving complete reconstructions. We augmented the existing Labatut CGF 2009 method with the ability to cope with these difficult surfaces just by changing the t-edge weights in the construction of surfaces by a minimal s-t cut. Our method uses Visual-Hull to reconstruct the difficult surfaces which are not sampled densely enough by the input 3D point cloud. We demonstrate importance of these surfaces on several real-world data sets. We compare our improvement to our implementation of the Labatut CGF 2009 method and show that our method can considerably better reconstruct difficult surfaces while preserving thin structures and details in the same quality and computational time.


Objective: To evaluate the effects of Hypericum perforatum (hypericum) on cognitive behavior and neurotrophic factor levels in the brain of male and female rats. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats were treated with hypericum or water during 28 days by gavage. The animals were then subjected to the open-field test, novel object recognition and step-down inhibitory avoidance test. Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels were evaluated in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Results: Hypericum impaired the acquisition of short- and long-term aversive memory in male rats, evaluated in the inhibitory avoidance test. Female rats had no immediate memory acquisition and decreased short-term memory acquisition in the inhibitory avoidance test. Hypericum also decreased the recognition index of male rats in the object recognition test. Female rats did not recognize the new object in either the short-term or the long-term memory tasks. Hypericum decreased BDNF in the hippocampus of male and female rats. Hypericum also decreased NGF in the hippocampus of female rats. Conclusions: The long-term administration of hypericum appears to cause significant cognitive impairment in rats, possibly through a reduction in the levels of neurotrophic factors. This effect was more expressive in females than in males.


Soil depth tends to vary from a few centimeters to several meters, depending on many natural and environmental factors. We hypothesize that the cumulative effect of these factors on soil depth, which is chiefly dependent on the process of biogeochemical weathering, is particularly affected by soil porewater (i.e., solute) transport and infiltration from the land surface. Taking into account evidence for a non-Gaussian distribution of rock weathering rates, we propose a simple mathematical model to describe the relationship between soil depth and infiltration flux. The model was tested using several areas in mostly semi-arid climate zones. The application of this model demonstrates the use of fundamental principles of physics to quantify the coupled effects of the five principal soil-forming factors of Dokuchaev.


feasability of removing lead from petroleum. There is a very full bibliography and this will be of particular value to students and research workers in the subject. The conservationist and other positions are fairly stated with their strengths and weaknesses, and Dr Ratcliffe avoids a partisan approach. Although the book is intended to have a wide readership many parts are inevitably highly technical, and it is a work of scholarship rather than polemics. It is an important contribution to the literature on human toxicology.


We calculate the distribution of the size of the percolating cluster on a tree in the subcritical, critical, and supercritical phase. We do this by exploiting a mapping between continuum trees and Brownian excursions, and arrive at a diffusion equation with suitable boundary conditions. The exact solution to this equation can be conveniently represented as a characteristic function, from which the following distributions are clearly visible: Gaussian (subcritical), Kolmogorov-Smirnov (critical), and exponential (supercritical). In this way we provide an intuitive explanation for the result reported in Botet and Płoszajczak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 185702 (2005)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.95.185702 for critical percolation.


Background Increased endocannabinoid tonus by dual-action fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and substrate selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors is a promising approach for pain-relief. One such compound with this profile is 2-(2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)-N-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)propanamide (Flu-AM1). These activities are shown by Flu-AM1 racemate, but it is not known whether its two single enantiomers behave differently, as is the case towards COX-2 for the parent flurbiprofen enantiomers. Further, the effects of the compound upon COX-2-derived lipids in intact cells are not known. Methodology/Principal Findings COX inhibition was determined using an oxygraphic method with arachidonic acid and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) as substrates. FAAH was assayed in mouse brain homogenates using anandamide (AEA) as substrate. Lipidomic analysis was conducted in unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide + interferon γ- stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Both enantiomers inhibited COX-2 in a substrate-selective and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values in the absence of a preincubation phase of: (R)-Flu-AM1, COX-1 (arachidonic acid) 6 μM; COX-2 (arachidonic acid) 20 μM; COX-2 (2-AG) 1 μM; (S)-Flu-AM1, COX-1 (arachidonic acid) 3 μM; COX-2 (arachidonic acid) 10 μM; COX-2 (2-AG) 0.7 μM. The compounds showed no enantiomeric selectivity in their FAAH inhibitory properties. (R)-Flu-AM1 (10 μM) greatly inhibited the production of prostaglandin D2 and E2 in both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide + interferon γ- stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Levels of 2-AG were not affected either by (R)-Flu-AM1 or by 10 μM flurbiprofen, either alone or in combination with the FAAH inhibitor URB597 (1 μM). Conclusions/Significance Both enantiomers of Flu-AM1 are more potent inhibitors of 2-AG compared to arachidonic acid oxygenation by COX-2. Inhibition of COX in lipopolysaccharide + interferon γ- stimulated RAW 264.7 cells is insufficient to affect 2-AG levels despite the large induction of COX-2 produced by this treatment.


Background: Measuring the work of breathing of patients undergoing spontaneous assisted ventilation can be useful to monitor and titrate ventilatory support. The aim of this study was to obtain measurements of the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles (PMUSC) and the derived pressure–time product (PTP; a good indicator of the metabolic work of breathing), performing the rapid interrupter technique with a commercial ventilator. Methods: A Draeger Evita 4 ventilator (Draeger Medical, Lubeck, Germany) was controlled by a personal computer to rapidly interrupt the airway flow at different times and volumes of the respiratory cycle during pressure-support ventilation. From the airway pressure tracing after the occlusion, the authors estimated the alveolar pressure and PMUSC; the integration of PMUSC values over the inspiratory time yields the measurement of PTP. Esophageal pressure measurements were used as a reference. After a bench study of the valves' performance, the authors performed 11 measurement sequences in eight patients. Results: The closure times for the inspiratory and expiratory valves were 74 ± 10 and 61 ± 13 ms, respectively. The interrupter technique provided a reliable estimate of PMUSC (PMUSC, occl = 1.00 · PMUSC, pes + 0.19; r = 0.88; 95% confidence interval for agreement, +5.49/−5.32 cm H2O). PTPoccl tightly correlated with PTPpes (PTPoccl = 0.95 · PTPpes + 0.13; r = 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.94/−1.61 cm H2O · s). Conclusion: The rapid interrupter technique can be performed by means of a commercial ventilator, providing reliable measurement of PMUSC and PTP.


In this seminal, a highly sensitive bimetallic layer for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor applications is proposed with the BK7 prism, silver–nickel (Ag–Ni) bimetallic films, and hybrid structure of black phosphorus layer under angular interrogation technique. Sensitivity, minimum reflectivity (Rmin), DA, and FoM are the criterion for the sensing applications. By tuning these parameters, the maximum sensitivity of 347°/RIU is obtained with two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus and the optimized thickness of the Silver layer at 633nm wavelength. 2D black phosphorus (BP) has attracted immense interest from the research community because of its unique properties like high charge density, direct bandgap, and better binding to the various molecules. The noble bimetallic layer-based SPR sensors have improved the sensor performance due to their exciting properties of large optical field enhancements follow on to the strong scattering and absorption of light. Herein, the Black Phosphorus-based SPR sensor is optimized with the thickness variation of the Silver layer due to ease of synthesis, a high degree of surface functionalization, and tunable Physico-chemical properties to the various sensing-medium refractive indices ranging from 1.330 to 1.335. Although there are many analogous sensors reported, limited attention has been paid to propose one, which exhibits the higher sensitivity, better DA, and superior FoM. The increased sensitivity of bimetallic layer and 2D, Black Phosphorus-based sensor providing promising applications in biosensing.


This paper presents a thermal analysis of an interior PM synchronous machine with concentrated winding for electric vehicle. The conventional thermal equivalent network model has been used for a long time for calculation of the temperature rises in electrical machines. In spite of being popular, this method can not be applied correctly for elements with complicated cooling structure like liquid cooled housing. To overcome this drawbacks, in this paper, a hybrid thermal model using the result of CFD analysis partly. Using this method, to improve a thermal performance of PMSM with concentrated winding, the effects of two design parameters are analysed. Finally, the accuracy of this model has been verified by experiments for the developed 21kW motor.


We report on a case of a 20-year-old nulliparous woman with menorrhagia associated with a smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) that was responsive to Goserelin. This case details the investigation and management of a young woman who desires ongoing fertility preservation. STUMP is a rare uterine tumor with a paucity of literature available regarding management and subsequent malignant potential, particularly in the case of a patient who desires fertility preservation.