Our goal is to provide a physical understanding of the elementary coupling between photon and biexciton and to derive the physical characteristics of the biexciton oscillator strength, following the procedure we used for trion. Instead of the more standard two-photon absorption, this work concentrates on molecular biexciton created by photon absorption in an exciton gas. We first determine the appropriate set of coordinates in real and momentum spaces to describe one biexciton as two interacting excitons. We then turn to second quantization and introduce the ``Fourier transform in the exciton sense'' of the biexciton wave function, which is the relevant quantity for oscillator strength. We find that, like for trion, the oscillator strength for the formation of one biexciton out of one photon plus a single exciton is extremely small: it is one biexciton volume divided by one sample volume smaller than the exciton oscillator strength. However, due to their quantum nature, trion and biexciton have absorption lines, which behave quite differently. Electrons and trions are fermionic particles impossible to pile up all at the same energy. This would make the weak trion line spread with electron density, the peak structure only coming from singular many-body effects. By contrast, the bosonic nature of exciton and biexciton makes the biexciton peak mainly rise with exciton density, this rise being simply linear if we forget many-body effects between the photocreated exciton and the excitons present in the sample.


OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of Candida fungemia and to assess the efficacy of low- vs high-dose amphotericin B and fluconazole vs amphotericin B in patients with candidemia.

METHODS
Multicenter, prospective, observational study of 427 consecutive patients with candidemia.

RESULTS
The mortality rate for patients with candidemia was 34%. The mortality rate for patients with catheter-related candidemia in whom the catheters were retained was significantly higher than that of patients in whom the catheters were removed (41% vs 21%, P < .001). We found no overall difference in mortality in patients treated with low-dose (total amphotericin B dose of < or = 500 mg) (13%) vs high-dose amphotericin B (total amphotericin B dose of > 500 mg) (15%), but the group treated with a low dose had fewer side effects (40%) than those treated with a high dose (55%) (P = .03). Fluconazole was as efficacious as amphotericin B in the therapy of candidemia, even when stratified by risk factors for mortality. Fewer side effects were seen with fluconazole (12%) compared with amphotericin B (44%) (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
In selected patients with candidemia, low-dose amphotericin B was as efficacious as high-dose amphotericin B. Based on other studies and ours, fluconazole seems to be an alternative therapeutic option to amphotericin B in selected patients.


Abstract Background: Virtual environments in medical education are becoming increasingly popular as a learning tool. However, there is a large amount of evidence linking these systems to adverse effects that mimic motion sickness. It is also proposed that the efficacy of such systems is affected by how well they engage the user, which is often referred to as presence. Purpose: This primary purpose of this study was to look at the side effects experienced and presence in the Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training (VERT) system which has recently been introduced. Method: A pre-VERT questionnaire was given to 84 subjects to ascertain general health of the subjects. The simulator sickness questionnaire was utilised to determine the side effects experienced, whereas the igroup presence questionnaire was used to measure presence. Both questionnaires were given immediately after use of the VERT system. Results: The majority of symptoms were minor; the two most commonly reported symptoms relating to ocular issues. No relationship was seen between simulator sickness and presence although subjects with a higher susceptibility to travel sickness had reported higher levels of disorientation and nausea. There was also a decrease in involvement with the system in subjects with a higher susceptibility to travel sickness.


Bacterial communities form the basis of biogeochemical processes and determine plant growth and health. Mosses, an abundant plant group in many Arctic ecosystems, harbour diverse bacterial communities that are for instance involved in nitrogen fixation. Global climate change is causing changes in aboveground plant biomass and shifting species composition in the Arctic, but little is known about the response of the moss microbiome. Here, we study the bacterial community associated with the moss Racomitrium lanuginosum, a common species in the Arctic, in a 20-year in situ warming experiment in an Icelandic heathland. We evaluate changes in bacterial community composition and diversity. Further, we assess the consequences of warming for nifH gene copy numbers and nitrogen fixation rates. Our findings indicate an increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and a decrease in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria with warming. The nifH gene copy number decreases, while the rate of nitrogen fixation is not affected. This contradiction could be explained by a shift in the nitrogen fixing bacterial community. Although climate warming might not change the contribution of R. lanuginosum to nitrogen input in nitrogen-limited ecosystems, the microbial community resilience and the nitrogen fixing taxa may shift.


We report about three cases of epithelioma cuniculatum. In two patients the tumour occurred at the auricle, in one patient at the forepart of the foot. One tumour at the ear was removed by local surgical excision, the other was treated by x-rays but without lasting success. In one patient amputation of the foot had been necessary because of intensive local invasion. The differentialdiagnosis especially at the sole of the foot must include viral warts and pseudocarcinomatous tumours as papillomatosis cutis carcinoides. The tumours on the ear could be misinterpreted as keratoacanthomas. Clinically the cauliflowerlike tumours empty on pressure foul smelling keratin. Histologically they show traits of a squamous carcinoma of low grade malignancy and an extreme keratinization beside the typical numerous anastomosing crypts similar to rabbit burrows.


Abstract. In the High Rainfall Zone (HRZ) of southern Australia, long-season winter canola types have been commercially available only since 2011. Experiments in this region show that these varieties can provide improvements in grain yield over spring types of >20% because of their ability to make better use of the longer growing season. However, within this longer crop duration, the optimum length and timings of the critical growth phases to maximise grain production are unknown. Data from eight field experiments conducted between 2010 and 2014 at Hamilton, in the HRZ of south-western Victoria, were analysed to determine whether different phases within the crop's life cycle vary in their contribution to grain yield and, if so, how this is influenced by climatic conditions. The dataset provided 536 genotype–environment–management combinations including 60 varieties ranging in total crop duration from 186 to 236 days. Over the 5 years, seasons were highly variable with annual rainfall ranging between 479 and 981 mm and spring rainfall (September–November) between 84 and 199 mm. The range of crop maturity types (i.e. winter and spring types) and environmental conditions provided a wide spread in growth, development and grain yield. The analysis showed a positive association between longer duration from flowering to maturity and grain yield, and showed that the duration was influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Pre-flowering reserves made an important contribution to grain yield, and remobilisation of reserves from the pre-flowering period was greatest for winter types, presumably due to less favourable conditions for growth during grain-filling. Optimising flowering to produce sufficient pre-flowering reserves for remobilisation while ensuring that environmental conditions post-flowering are such that the grain-filling duration is maximised may provide a strategy to increase yields in this environment.


Gentrification and the middle classes the debate over the middle class the debate over gentrification London and Hackney during the 1980s respondents' socio-economic backgrounds consumption and culture living the inner city conclusions - the middle class in Hackney.


Our literature review concludes that antioxidant vitamins in general and β-carotene in particular are safe. Koval contends that β-carotene is not safe when taken by smokers and asbestos workers. He supports this contention with 2 clinical trials: the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Trial, 1 which exposed 14560 male smokers to 20 mg/d of β-carotene for 5 to 8 years, and the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, 2 which exposed 9420 male (and a few female) smokers and asbestos workers to 30 mg/d of β-carotene over 4 years. These studies noted an 8% and 28% increase in incidence of lung cancer, respectively. While Koval also mentions 3 other clinical trials, with 138 433 patient-years of exposure to 25 to 50 mg/d of β-carotene in men and women, that observed no increase in the incidence of lung cancer, he neglected to cite a fourth large trial that demonstrated safety. The so-called Linxian


Background Longitudinal studies indicate that future schizophrenia patients exhibit lower IQ than healthy controls. Recent studies suggest that future patients with other mental illnesses obtain lower pre-morbid IQ. The aims of this study were to compare pre-morbid IQ among five diagnostic categories and normal controls, to examine the distribution of pre-morbid IQ, and to investigate the relationship between pre-morbid IQ and risk of mental illness. Method A total of 7486 individuals hospitalized with psychiatric disease and 20 531 controls. IQ was measured at the draft board and hospital diagnoses [schizophrenia (Sz), non-schizophrenic, non-affective psychoses (NSAP), affective (AD), personality (PD) and neurotic/stress disorders (ND)] were followed up to ages 43–54 years. Individuals hospitalized ⩽1 year after appearing before the draft board were excluded. Results All future patients obtained significantly lower pre-morbid IQ than controls (3–7 IQ points), AD had the highest IQ and PD the lowest. In each diagnostic category, decreasing IQ was associated with an increasing risk of becoming a patient [odds ratios (ORs) 0.5–2.5 over the full IQ spectrum]. IQ distributions was nearly normal and uni-modal. Conclusions IQ deficits in each diagnostic category may reflect different functional patterns and temporal vicissitudes of the specific pathogenetic processes involved in different mental disorders.


Experimental results concerning the inspection at microwave frequencies of wood material with metallic inclusions are reported. They have been obtained by inverting samples of the scattered electromagnetic field collected by a prototype of an imaging system. The system is able to acquire multi-illumination multiview data in a tomographic arrangement. The retrieved maps of the dielectric permittivity and electric conductivity of the cross sections of unknown targets are obtained by applying the distorted-wave Born approximation to the electric field integral equation governing the scattering phenomenon.


A new era of personal data protection regulations has been emerging worldwide. The European GDPR (Regulation No. 679/2016) is the main example. To cope with the new landscape and foster the international flow of data many countries are amending their regulations, using the GDPR as a landmark. In this context, Brazil enacted its first General Data Protection Law - BGDPL (Law No. 13.709/2018) on August 14th, 2018. Brazilian firms, internet activists and scholars were all eagerly waiting for this regulation, since it was supposed to be enacted in 2014, alongside with the Brazilian Civil Framework of the Internet - BCFI (Law No. 12.965/2014) and a new Copyrights Act, to adapt the Brazilian legal system to fit the needs of the 21st century. However, the legislative process for approval of these new acts did not develop as expected, resulting in some contradictions between them. The purpose of this paper is to draw a comparison between the new Brazilian General Data Protection Law and the Brazilian Civil Framework of the Internet, putting in evidence some of these contradictions. It is argued that if not properly addressed, these contradictions can jeopardize the new act and cause severe practical problems. Since the BGDPL is strongly based on the European GDPR, a comparison will be also draw between them. The specific points of contradiction that will be addressed in this paper are the ones dealing with the data subject's informed consent and with fines and penalties. The focus is on the interpretation of these legal texts with the support of the legal literature. In the end, the authors propose a way of harmonizing the Brazilian regulations – therefore contributing for a better data protection environment in the country – as much as assuring its compatibility with the GDPR and the international standards.


The paper deals with the development of economic theory during the XX century. It aims to present some of the main steps and achievements of economic thought in the last century. Sharing the vision, that pluralism is the principal characteristics of the development of the XX century economic theory, the author successively analyses the orthodox and heterodox schools of thought. The focus is on the neoclassical school – a leading economic stream (the so-called Mainstream) in the XX century and undoubtedly so at the end of the century. The new accomplishments in methodology and theory (Microeconomics, Macroeconomics) within the boundaries of neoclassicism are being explored. From the heterodox schools of thought the author directs attention towards two of them – Institutionalism and Marxism. A number of questions in respect to Marxism and its destiny after the collapse of socialism are being raised. In the conclusion the author points out, that towards the end of the century there is a clear trend towards greater interaction and exchange of ideas between the main theoretical schools (orthodox, heterodox), which trend will influence the development of economic theory in the future.


A very efficient technique for the full‐wave analysis of passive waveguide components, composed of the cascade connection of planar junctions, is presented. This novel technique provides the wideband generalized impedance matrix representation of the whole structure in the form of pole expansions, thus extracting the most expensive computations from the frequency loop. For this purpose, the structure is segmented into planar junctions and uniform waveguide sections, which are characterized in terms of wideband impedance matrices. Then, an efficient iterative algorithm for combining such matrices, and finally providing the wideband generalized impedance matrix of the complete structure, is followed. Two waveguide filters have been used to prove the accuracy and efficiency of this novel technique, which is specially suited for modeling complex geometries.


Introduction Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is an emerging important STI. Failure rates with azithromycin 1 g appear to be increasing. This may be due to the emergence of macrolide antimicrobial resistance as a consequence of extensive use of azithromycin 1 g. An extended regimen of azithromycin 500 mgs on day one then 250 mgs daily for 4 days (5 day regimen) was introduced in the 1990s for treatment of MG and has high efficacy rates (if no pre-existing macrolide resistance) and is less associated with induction of macrolide resistance. There are no comparative trials of the two regimens. We undertook a meta-analysis of MG treatment studies using the two azithromycin regimens to determine which is more effective. Methods Medline was used to identify published articles including the search terms Mycoplasma genitalium and resistance up to March 2015. Treatment studies using azithromycin 1 g or 5 days were identified in which patients were initially assessed for macrolide resistance genetic mutations, and those who failed were again resistance genotyped were selected. Sensitivity analyses included only patients without prior treatment. Results Six studies were identified totaling 424 patients of whom 78 (18.4%) had received the 5 dy regimen. Only one person failed the 5 day regimen and no resistance was detected. Compared to the 5 day regimen, azithromycin 1 g had a higher risk of failure (difference: 12.9%, 95% CI: 8.4%, 17.3%) and more developed macrolide resistance (risk difference: 12.1% (8.7%, 15.6%). The 5 day regimen included 52 patients with prior doxycycline treatment when these were excluded sensitivity analysis showed a failure risk difference of 10.3% (2.1%, 18.6%). Resistance risk did not change. Conclusion Azithromycin 1 g is more likely to result in treatment failure and the development of macrolide antimicrobial resistance than 500 mgs on day one then 250 mgs daily for 4 days. Disclosure of interest statement PH: - Has received funding for providing expert advice on M. genitalium diagnostics. HM – has received a honorarium and travel expenses from Becton Dickinson for a lecture on Mycoplasma genitalium. SI, FG, FK and KB – none to declare.


Electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) were used to examine the probing behaviour of adult apterous Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) on barley seedlings grown under conditions of nitrogen or water stress. Aphids took significantly longer to reach and ingest from sieve elements of nitrogen-deficient seedlings than from nitrogen-sufficient seedlings but there were no such differences between water-stressed or well-watered seedlings. On both nitrogen and water-stressed seedlings the average length of each individual period of salivation into the sieve element was significantly greater compared with their respective unstressed controls.


OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this study were to assess the risk of contracting first episode of myocardial infarction (MI) subsequent to vibration exposure and to assess a possible exposure-response relationship.

METHODS
The Västernorrland heart epidemiology programme (VHEEP, a part of the Stockholm heart epidemiology programme study) was the source of the data. VHEEP is a population-based case-control study of risk factors for acute MI. Exposure information was collected by questionnaire and vibration exposure was assessed in 218 cases and 257 controls. Relative risks were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) from binary logistic regression.

RESULTS
The results show that the OR of acute MI when exposed to vibration was 1.6 (95% CI: 1.1-2.4). It was not possible, however, to determine whether an exposure-response relationship was present.

CONCLUSIONS
Working entailing vibrating machines is associated with an increased risk for acute MI.


Failure of initial remission-induction therapy and disease recurrence remains a major problem in the management of acute leukemia, however the nature of the biologic factors promoting relapse are incompletely understood. To identify genomic abnormalities associated with relapse, we performed high-resolution, genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number abnormalities and loss-of heterozygosity using Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays in 33 cases of relapsed acute leukemia. Sixteen ALL (2 ETV6-RUNX1 , 2 MLL rearranged, 6 pseudodiploid or cytogenetically normal B-progenitor ALL, and 6 T-lineage) and 17 AML (two RUNX1-RUNX1T1 [AML1-ETO] , two MLL -rearranged, one M7, and 12 with normal karyotype or miscellaneous cytogenetic abnormalities) were studied. Samples with less than 80% blasts were flow sorted to at least 90% purity prior to DNA extraction. Diagnostic samples were available for all cases, and germline samples for 22. DNA copy number and LOH analysis was performed using Affymetrix 250k Nsp and Sty arrays was performed for all samples. Data were analysed using a karyotype-guided normalization algorithm, dChipSNP, and circular binary segmentation. In a detailed comparative analysis of paired diagnostic and relapse samples, changes in DNA copy number abnormalities were identified in the relapse sample in 14 of 16 (87.5%) ALL cases. A striking finding was loss of copy number lesions present at diagnosis in 8/16 ALL relapse samples, and the acquisition of new copy number lesions in 4 of these 8 samples. In each case, the pattern of deletions at antigen receptor loci was comparable between relapse and diagnosis, suggesting the emergence of a related leukemic clone, rather than the development of a distinct second leukemia. An additional 8 ALL relapse samples retained the copy number lesions present at diagnosis, but 6 of these acquired additional copy number abnormalities at relapse, a finding further suggestive of significant clonal evolution. Of the newly acquired copy number abnormalities in the relapse samples, deletions (62.5% of cases) were more common than gains (12.5%). In constrast to ALL a more restricted range of copy number abnormalities was seen in AML, with new abnormalities at relapse seen in 5/17 (29.4%) cases, and deletions (29.4%) outnumbering gains (17.6%). The loss of lesions present at diagnosis was only observed in two AML relapse samples. Examining the entire cohort, the CDKN2A/B locus was most commonly involved (N=5), gains of 1q were noted in two cases, otherwise all observed copy number changes were noted in single cases only, and included focal deletions of ERG and RUNX1. Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity was uncommon, with the exception of three AML cases with UPD of the entire chromosome 13. These observations indicate that relapse is frequently the result of the emergence of a leukemic clone that shows significant genetic differences from the diagnostic clone. Whether these represent rare clones present at the time of diagnosis or are the emergence of new clones as the result of ongoing genomic abnormalities can now be determined using genomic probes specific for the newly acquired deletions.


The features of the economic development of the Czech Republic after the global financial crisis, the role of the Czech National Bank in the formation of macroeconomic policies, as well as the peculiarities of monetary regulation in the study period have been defined in the article. The main goal of the paper is to assess the impact of interest rates used by the Czech National Bank in the process of monetary regulation on the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators, which is considered as one of the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of the inflation targeting regime. By the results of the correlation analysis and Fisher's exact test, it has been determined that the Czech National Bank could affect the main macroeconomic indicators based on the percentage of monetary policy instruments used.


Abstract PT. XYZ is the current leading automotive company, the supplier that is part of its subsidiary company provides services in form of supply and distribution of raw material. Based on data collected from January till March, the problem appears is the compartment fleet utilization that is far from the maximum capacity. According to the plan production control department, the desired average loading utilization is 16 ton per delivery, while the average loading utilization is 42% or 6,8 ton per delivery. In addition, there are also some deliveries exceeding maximum capacity allowed. Therefore in this research, the most suitable loading pattern is needed to improve utilization of fleet compartment with heterogeneous fleet and heterogeneous material dimension. Loading pattern is also needed as supporting tools for the department by considering weight limit, physical dimension of material and compartment fleet dimension, so that overloaded and unburdened deliveries can be avoided. The research is conducted in plan production control department to gain more information about the fleet, production demand, and raw material properties. Genetic algorithm is used as method for solving the problem and visualize the loading pattern by using Matlab. The calculation is conducted toward loading and space utilization of compartment fleet. From the research, the utilization of space can be optimized to 6% and loading utilization can be optimized up to 50%. Keywords – Container Loading Problem (CLP), Genetic Algorithm, Matlab


Due to sentence formation, the lexicon choice appears as a crucial phase of writing. Moreover, it is caused by the emptiness of words set that are perfectly synonymous and can be interchangeable. In order that it leads the needed for meaning, sense, and evocative value identification in the choice of the lexicon. Furthermore, the main objective of this research is to examine the value (sense) of several lexicons, which means 'talking a lot' such as talkative, loquacious, chatty, gossipy, garrulous, talky, and conversational, by using cognitive-linguistic and corpus linguistic approaches. In this case, the researcher examined the lexicon values based on the distinguishing semantic features and semantic prosody of the lexicons. As a linguistic corpus study, this study involved a number of data derived from COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English), the Oxford dictionary (online), and the Merriam-Webster dictionary (online). Hence, this study found that the distinctive features of the lexicons are the subject, the object, the type of communication, the type of information, and the causes. Therefore, the semantic prosody in translation practices applies in corpus-based approach translation. It can facilitate a translator to comprehend new words and improve the quality of translation work.


The authors report measurements of thermal conductivity ( kappa ) extending to 100 mK on a series of La2-xSrxCuO4-y specimens with 0.10<or=x<or=0.25. For two superconducting samples (x=0.20, x=0.25) the temperature dependence of kappa weakens below about 0.5 K, approaching a variation linear in T near 0.1 K. A non-superconducting sample (x=0.10) exhibits a kappa varies as T3 dependence below 1 K, characteristic of phonon boundary scattering. After annealing in a vacuum, the x=0.20 specimen became insulating and had a thermal conductivity similar in magnitude and temperature dependence to that of the x=0.10 sample. Thus superconducting and non-superconducting samples are clearly distinguished by the behaviour of their thermal conductivities at sub-kelvin temperatures. These results are shown to be consistent with the presence of a small number of free carriers well below Tc in the superconductors. They suggest that a non-superconducting band of electrons is present in the highly doped materials.


Calix[4]arenes modified with two or three Zn(II)-2,6-bis(aminomethyl)pyridyl groups, 3-[Zn]2 and 5-[Zn]3, respectively, were investigated as models for dinuclear and trinuclear metallo-enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of phosphate diesters. Under neutral conditions, 0.48 mM of 3-[Zn]2 causes a rate acceleration of 23 000 in the transesterification of the RNA model substrate 2-hydroxyproyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP, 0.19 mM). Comparison with the activities of a mononuclear complex 2-[Zn] and a reference complex lacking the calix[4]arene backbone 1-[Zn] shows that the catalysis is due to cooperative action of the Zn(II) centers and indicates that hydrophobic effects contribute to the catalysis. Saturation kinetics and pH variation studies demonstrate that the high catalytic activity of the flexible complex 3-[Zn]2 originates from a very high substrate binding affinity, affording a Michaelis-Menten complex in which the substrate is converted with a relatively moderate rate. A rigid analogue 4-[Zn]2 exhibits both a lower substrate binding strength and a lower catalytic rate. This demonstrates the importance of a certain flexibility between the cooperating catalytic centers. The trinuclear complex 5-[Zn]3 induces a rate acceleration of 32 000 times, and shows a decreased substrate binding and an increased catalytic rate compared to its dinuclear analogue 3-[Zn]2. In a possible mechanism two Zn(II) ions activate the phosphoryl group and another activates the B-hydroxyl group of HPNP.


Introduction Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States; nearly all tobacco product use begins during youth and young adulthood. Methods CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Cancer Institute analyzed data from the 2011–2018 National Youth Tobacco Surveys to estimate tobacco product use among U.S. middle and high school students. Prevalence estimates of current (past 30-day) use of seven tobacco products were assessed; differences over time were analyzed using multivariable regression (2011–2018) or t-test (2017–2018). Results In 2018, current use of any tobacco product was reported by 27.1% of high school students (4.04 million) and 7.2% of middle school students (840,000); electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were the most commonly used product among high school (20.8%; 3.05 million) and middle school (4.9%; 570,000) students. Use of any tobacco product overall did not change significantly during 2011–2018 among either school level. During 2017–2018, current use of any tobacco product increased 38.3% (from 19.6% to 27.1%) among high school students and 28.6% (from 5.6% to 7.2%) among middle school students; e-cigarette use increased 77.8% (from 11.7% to 20.8%) among high school students and 48.5% (from 3.3% to 4.9%) among middle school students. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice A considerable increase in e-cigarette use among U.S. youths, coupled with no change in use of other tobacco products during 2017–2018, has erased recent progress in reducing overall tobacco product use among youths. The sustained implementation of comprehensive tobacco control strategies, in coordination with Food and Drug Administration regulation of tobacco products, can prevent and reduce the use of all forms of tobacco products among U.S. youths.


All warm blooded vertebrates are affected. In large populations Mosquitoes cause irritation and extensive blood loss to livestock resulting in anemia, reduced productivity of milk and sometimes even death. Mosquitoes are a great nuisance and their bites do cause painful reactions making cows panic. They also play an important role as intermediate hosts and as vectors in several important parasitic and viral diseases of domestic animals an worm disease, Malaria, dengue, chikungunya, equine viral encephalitis etc. The Author and the Managing Director of Leowin Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is the Innovator of "MozziQuit" mosquito trap device priced Rs. 1,800/- per unit inclusive of 18% GST which attracts, traps and kills female mosquitoes every day in large numbers at lowest operating cost of less than 10 paisa per day without use of any chemicals or consumables or emission of any UV Radiation very safe for use in cow sheds. "MozziQuit" device was evaluated to find the possibility of its use for providing relief to cows and animals in live farms. In this study reveals relief to workers in cow shed from mosquito bites besides increase in Milk Yield as well as increase in Weight of Bovines after using "MozziQuit" in cow shed as the cows get maximum relief by trapping and killing of biting mosquitoes by "MozziQuit" device every day.


Burning off is the main method of carbon deposit removal from coke oven chambers. Optimisation of this operation is of a great interest both from the point of view of current production loss reduction and of coke oven plant lifetime extension. In this study the deposits originating from different parts of chambers have been characterised by chemical analysis, optical microscopy, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and mercury porosimetry. This investigation has shown that deposits contain two carbonaceous phases: the char from pyrolysed carry over coal particles and the pyrolytic carbon from raw gas cracking.

Furthermore, the monitoring method for carbon deposits growth in coke oven chamber is presented. The statistical analysis of the visual inspection data has been a useful tool in the evaluation of the rate of deposit growth in individual coke oven chambers.

The combustion kinetics of carbon deposits were studied by thermogravimetry under non-isothermal conditions with natural air draft and under isothermal conditions at controlled air flow rate. It was found that the reactivity of carbon deposits is in-between metallurgical coke and electrographite reactivity. At the temperatures below 700 degrees C, under laboratory conditions, the combustion rate (on the basis of external surface) is controlled by surface reaction at higher temperature and activation energy is around is 170 kJ/mol. At temperature higher than 700 degrees C combustion is controlled by gas film diffusion.

Modelling of combustion in thermobalance experiments and in industrial coke oven chamber was carried out on the basis of measurement of kinetics using commercial CFD software.


A little discussed aspect of Heaviside's work in electromagnetics concerned faster-than-light (FTL) charged particles, precursors to the hypothetical tachyon and his discovery that such motion should produce a characteristic radiation signature (now called Cherenkov radiation). When Heaviside wrote, the time travel implications of FTL were not known (Einstein was still a teenager), and in this paper some speculations are offered on what Heaviside would have thought of FTL time travel, and of the associated (now classic) time travel paradoxes, including the possibility (or not) of sending information into the past. This article is part of the theme issue 'Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's 'Electromagnetic Theory''.


In aiming to understand how structures, such as rules, norms, and routines, establish inside organizations, scholars now focus their explanation on practitioners who enact a multitude of behavioral logics. Studies adopting this institutional logic perspective apply assumptions about the apparency and dominance of logics and consequently cannot adequately explain, with empirical evidence, how logics coexist or compete for dominance among practitioners. To fill this gap, we open these concepts up to recent academic inquiry as to the dominant logics that practitioners enact. In so doing, we address the still unanswered call by Von Krogh and Roos to collect empirical evidence on dominant logics by operationalizing two concepts: self-reference and self-similarity. We introduce a methodology that involves causal mapping enhanced with statistical tests and graphical approaches. Through an empirical investigation, we show how this method provides the enacted patterns of multiple logics, validates their dominance, and detects internal contradictions and inconsistencies. These findings highlight that if one defines dominant logics in terms of self-reference and self-similarity, causal mapping then generates competing and coexisting logics that practitioners enact.


In this paper, a new compact realization of sinusoidal oscillator using modified current backward transcon-ductance amplifier (MCBTA) is reported. The proposed circuit employs a single MCBTA and four passive components including two grounded capacitors. The circuit provides completely de-coupled condition of oscillation (CO) of the frequency of oscillation (FO), i.e. no term in the CO is present in the FO and vice versa. Both the CO and FO are independently tunable by two different grounded resistors. The FO is also tunable by means of the transconductance and thereby is electronically tunable. SPICE simulation results have confirmed the workability of the proposed circuit.


THE PROMISING results in valvular surgery have radically altered the outlook in rheumatic heart disease. As one consequence, the attitude toward arterial embolism, a characteristic complication, has also changed. This condition need no longer be considered an accelerated step in the downhill course of the hopeless invalid. It is, rather, an unfortunate episode which may be handled successfully in a patient who does have a chance of benefiting from subsequent cardiac surgery. In a review of more than 500 cases of mitral commissurotomy with a preoperative embolism incidence of 18.9%, Glover has observed only one questionable occurrence of cerebral embolism during a mean postoperative period of more than three years.* The most dramatic and dangerous of all types of arterial embolism is that of lodgment at the bifurcation of the aorta. Whether the embolus remains there or slips down into the iliac vessels, the mortality is high and gangrene of


Transcriptional activation of protective genes is mediated by a cis‐acting element called the antioxidant responsive element (ARE). The transcription factor Nrf2 (NF–E2‐related factor 2) binds to the ARE. Activation of this pathway protects cells from oxidative stress‐induced cell death. Increased oxidative stress is associated with neuronal cell death during the pathogenesis of multiple chronic neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We hypothesize that Nrf2–ARE activation is a novel neuroprotective pathway that confers resistance to a variety of oxidative, stress‐related, neurodegenerative insults. In recent studies, primary neuronal cultures treated with chemical activators of the Nrf2–ARE pathway displayed significantly greater resistance to oxidative stress‐induced neurotoxicity. Similar cultures generated from ARE–hPAP reporter mice demonstrated selective activation of the Nrf2–ARE pathway in astrocytes, suggesting that Nrf2 activation in astrocytes somehow confers resistance to naive neurons. Further, in chemical models of neurodegeneration, Nrf2 knockout mice are significantly more sensitive to mitochondrial complex I and II inhibitors. Combining these observations with the results implying that the astrocyte is central to Nrf2–ARE‐mediated neuroprotection, we transplanted Nrf2‐overexpressing astrocytes into the mouse striatum prior to lesioning with malonate. This procedure led to dramatic protection against malonate‐induced neurotoxicity. Translating this to other chemical and genetic models of neurodegeneration will be discussed.


Species of the form CH2X–Y (X, Y = Br, I) have been proposed and identified as recombination products of the photodissociation of the parent dihalomethanes. Second-order complete active space perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations of the vertical absorption energies considerably overestimate the experimental transient absorption band maxima, while the computationally cheaper time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method yields results with a reasonable agreement. In this work, we try to find the reason for this unexpected performance difference. In an initial study of the I2 molecule, we establish that CASPT2 is capable of providing quantitatively accurate results and that the TD-DFT values are only valid at first sight, but are qualitatively flawed. In the CASPT2 calculations for the CH2X–Y molecules, we include relativistic corrections, spin–orbit coupling, vibrational and thermal effects, and the solvent polarisation. Unfortunately, the results do not improve appreciably compared to the experimental measurements. We conclude that the good agreement of TD-DFT results is very likely fortuitous in this case as well, and that further theoretical and experimental investigations are probably needed to resolve the current discrepancy between CASPT2 and experiments.


The goal of the present study was to take a new look at the relationship between creativity and cognitive functioning. Based on models that have postulated domain- and sub-domain-structures for different forms of creativity, like scientific, technical or artistic creativity with cognitive functions as important basis, we developed a new questionnaire. The Artistic Creativity Domains Compendium (ACDC) assesses interest, ability and performance in a distinct way for different domains of artistic creativity. We present the data of 270 adults tested with the ACDC, standard tests of divergent and convergent thinking, and tests of cognitive functions. We present fine-grained analyses on the internal and external validity of the ACDC and on the relationships between creativity, working memory, attention, and intelligence. Our results indicate domain-specific associations between creativity and attention as well as working memory. We conclude that the ACDC is a valid instrument to assess artistic creativity and that a fine-grained analysis reveals distinct patterns of relationships between separate domains of creativity and cognition.


We report structural and dynamical aspects of DNAs from various sources including synthetic oligonucleotides in bulk buffer and as a complex with histone1 (H1). High-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) studies reveal the structural change of the DNAs upon complexation with H1 leading to formation of compact-globular and hollow-toroidal particles. In order to explore the functionality of ligand binding of the DNAs and their complexes with H1, we have used two biologically common fluorescent probes Hoechst 33258 (H33258) and Ethidium (EB) as model ligands. Picosecond resolved fluorescence and polarization gated anisotropy studies examined that the minor groove binding of H33258 to the genomic DNA-H1 complex remains almost unaltered. However, the intercalative interaction of EB with the DNA in the complex is severely perturbed compared to that with the DNA in bulk buffer. Time-dependent solvochromic effect of the probe H33258 further elucidates the dynamical solvation, which is reflective of the overall environmental relaxation of the DNAs upon condensation by H1. We have also performed circular dichroism (CD) studies on the DNAs and their complexes with H1, which reveal the change in conformation of the DNAs in the complexes. Our studies in the ligand-binding mechanisms of the DNA-H1 complex are important to understand the mechanism of drug binding to linker DNA in condensed chromatin.


The essay is dedicated to the problems of teaching drawing and painting at Design faculties of high schools and universities. Understanding of form elicitation patterns or image creation principles contributes to a more precise choice of figurative instruments and allows developing students' creative abilities as required by the specifics of their professional education. The emphasis is made on the methods of space presentation and its picturesque and figurative organization. When teaching drawing and painting it is necessary to carry out an analysis of decorativeness expressed via a set of figurative tools. Spaces, volumes, planes, colours, lines and a texture are artistic means which are also formal components of a composition. The syllabus for teaching drawing and painting should include a set of educational tasks allowing combining the academic method of spatial image presentation with decorativeness, i.e. a student's ability to see decorative properties of the nature should facilitate solving their creative tasks of a designer.


Diversification is a means of minimizing risk and maximizing returns by investing in a variety of assets of the portfolio. This paper is written to determine the effects of diversification of three types of Assets; uncorrelated, perfectly correlated and perfectly negatively correlated assets on mean and variance. To go about this, useful data were collected for uncorrelated, perfectly correlated and perfectly negatively correlated assets. These data were computed for two assets, three assets and four assets model to know the effects of diversification of the three types of assets on mean and variance. It is observed that diversification of these three types of assets yield the same mean (returns). It is also noticed that Mean increases with the increasing number of diversification. And variance (risk) increases with mean for uncorrelated, perfectly correlated assets. But, for perfectly negatively correlated assets the variance decreases with its increasing mean. This implies that diversifying into perfectly negatively correlated assets (risky and riskless assets) together maximize mean (return) and minimize or cancel variance (risk). Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics , Volume 19 (November, 2011), pp 131 – 134


By means of quotient-graph associated crystal prediction method, a new graphyne allotrope with unique Dirac nodal grid state is reported in this work. It is named as 191-E24Y24-1 according to its hexagonal lattice (with P6/mmm symmetry, No. 191) containing 24 sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and 24 sp-hybridized ones. The first-principles results show that the total energy of 191-E24Y24-1 is more favorable than that of recent synthesized β -graphdiyne and carbon ene-yne. It is also demonstrated to be dynamically, thermally, and mechanically stable. Interestingly, the 191-E24Y24-1 harbors intrinsic semimetal features showing intriguing hexagonal Dirac nodal grid state in the reciprocal space. Such unique electronic state is stable against small external tensile strains, and it is tunable under compression strains which will transform to new triangle Dirac nodal grid state. Moreover, a new metastable graphyne allotrope named 191-E12Y36-4 with Dirac nodal loop state is also observed in the process of stretching 191-E24Y24-1 with large tensile strains. The results presented in this work reveal two novel graphyne allotropes with exotic electronic properties. These discoveries are not only physical interesting, but also provide potential material candidates for carbon-based high performance electronic nanodevices.


The paper explores the ethics and politics of contemporary African  migration in Europe. It examines the push and pull factor of African migration to Europe and analyses Europe's general attitude and response to African migration. It also discusses the role and involvement of churches in Africa and Africa-led churches in Europe in encouraging or discouraging regular and or irregular migration and the impact of the migrations on  African Christianities. It argues that Europe's general response to African migration has been harsh and scanty attention has been paid to the  welfare of migrants. Indeed, the general experience has been the  dehumanization of migrants. The work also analyses how African-led  churches have responded to the dehumanization and the unethical posture and policies of EU towards African migrants and explains how the religious communities have approached the discourses of identity,  inclusion/exclusion and citizenship against the backlash of harsh anti-immigrant debate in fortress Europe. It concludes that Africa-led churches have not contributed meaningfully to a change in attitude towards migrants in Europe and the result is that African migrants in Europe have remained victims of brutalization and dehumanization.


The illicit drugs website, Silk Road, presents an ideal case study for how online communication technologies are transforming crime. This article seeks to locate the offences committed via Silk Road within existing cybercrime literature, and presents a new criminological concept – the cryptomarket – to outline the contours of this new generation of online illicit marketplace. Cryptomarkets are defined as a type of website that employs advanced encryption to protect the anonymity of users. The article also analyses the implications Silk Road has for drug consumers and law enforcement, as well as the potential changes to drug distribution networks that are likely to occur if Silk Road and other cryptomarkets continue to assume a greater share of the global trade in illicit drugs. In conclusion, it is argued that while Silk Road presents a less violent alternative to conventional drug distribution networks, the risks posed by the rapid proliferation of cryptomarkets more generally are largely unknown and require further research.


In this study, a highly sensitive superabsorbent hydrogel biosensor for blood glucose was prepared based on gum tragacanth (GT) nanoparticles, acrylic acid (AA) monomer, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and fluorescein O,O′-diacrylate (FlA-DA) as cross-linkers. Then, CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and glucose oxidize (GOx) enzyme bioreceptor were immobilized within the cross-linked network of the hydrogel. The prepared biosensor was highly fluorescent due to the synergism process between the QDs and FlA-DA. The biosensor was able to perform enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of glucose to produce H2O2, a product that subsequently quenched the fluorescence emission. The quenching rate was a function of glucose concentration. The detection limit and the Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) of the present system were found to be the excellent values of 0.1 and 1.35 mM, respectively, which were much lower than those of conventional gel materials. This new device has also shown satisfactory reproducibility and accuracy with real blood samples without pretreatment. The results indicate that this new highly fluorescent biosensor with simple fabrication offers high immobilization for the fluorescent reporters and bioreceptors, and can be a suitable diagnostic device for biomedical applications.


Up until 2010 Elektropromet d.d. was one of Croatian market leaders that supplied major Government companies, such as HEP Group (Croatian national energy company) or Croatian railways. Company had more than 600 employees in the 90's, working in 4 divisions. Global and local market changes led to revenue decrease and questionable profitability. Company structure did not change in time, and market share was lost, bit by bit, although there was time for changes. The company did not have a quality control system and they did not recognize the symptoms of crisis. Those symptoms of crisis were visible from financial results in period from 2003 up to 2006 and the company prepared for restructuring in 2007 and 2008. Since the restructuring program was not applied, the company continued with the same business model. Results in that period, and the following years without making any changes led to decreasing business trend with negative result. The goal of this study is to analyze financial results from 2003 up to 2013 and confirm the hypothesis that crisis symptoms in Elektropromet d.d. were visible from financial result analysis. Financial results were measured and observed using different profitability formulas providing insight for crisis symptoms and providing answers on how to prevail business crisis. The results were analized using Year-over-year (YoY) result comparisons. Just by using YoY comparisons it was clear that the results are not profitable. Financial results from 2003 and 2004 provide an insight to early crisis. Profit was not generated from commercial business and regular sales, because expenses were higher than revenue and earnings. Calculating EBIT provides an answer on how profit was made and that early crisis symptoms were visible. After that it would be easy to define crisis stage and work on a model and define phases how to prevail the crisis. Management did not decide to recognize the crisis in that early period and the company continued with the same business model for next few years. The restructuring was prepared for 2007 and 2008, but it came too late and was canceled in early stage. Since Elektropromet is a stock corporation it was up to supervisory board to warn the shareholders that the board members are not leading the company in the right direction. The result and conclusion should assist corporations, medium size and small companies to recognize crisis symptoms and help them use financial management and controlling experience to avoid possible revenue and profitability loss.


OBJECTIVE To determine whether ratings of coronary angiography appropriateness derived by an expert panel on hypothetical patients are associated with actual angiographic findings, mortality, and subsequent revascularisation in the ACRE (appropriateness of coronary revascularisation) study. DESIGN Population based, prospective study. The ACRE expert panel rated hypothetical clinical indications as inappropriate, uncertain, or appropriate before recruitment of a cohort of real patients. SETTING Royal Hospitals Trust, London, UK. PARTICIPANTS 3631 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography (no exclusion criteria). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Angiographic findings, mortality (n = 226 deaths), and revascularisation (n = 1556 procedures) over 2.5 years of follow up. RESULTS The indications for coronary angiography were rated appropriate in 2253 (62%) patients. 166 (5%) coronary angiograms were performed for indications rated inappropriate, largely for asymptomatic or atypical chest pain presentations. The remaining 1212 (33%) angiograms were rated uncertain, of which 47% were in patients with mild angina and no exercise ECG or in patients with unstable angina controlled by inpatient management. Three vessel disease was more likely among appropriate cases and normal coronaries were more likely among inappropriate cases (p < 0.001). Mortality and revascularisation rates were highest among patients with an appropriate indication, intermediate in those with an uncertain indication, and lowest in the inappropriate group (log rank p = 0.018 and p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION The ACRE ratings of appropriateness for angiography predicted angiographic findings, mortality, and revascularisation rates. These findings support the clinical usefulness of expert panel methods in defining criteria for performing coronary angiography.


Objective Although vasectomy is safer, more effective and less expensive than tubal ligation, rates of permanent contraception are consistently higher in women than in men. We sought to explore vasectomy interest and awareness in patients and their partners during prenatal visits, a time when contraceptive counselling is typically performed. Methods Anonymous surveys were distributed between January and July 2019 to a cross-sectional, convenience sample of pregnant women and their partners, if available, presenting for outpatient prenatal care at two hospitals (one public, one private) serving different patient populations in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Survey questions gauged participant awareness and interest in vasectomies. Results Surveys were completed by 436 individuals (78% female, 24% male). Seventy percent of respondents indicated interest in vasectomy after achieving optimal family size, but most respondents had never discussed it with their healthcare provider. Factors associated with vasectomy interest included being partnered, having a lower household income, and knowing someone who has had a vasectomy. Almost 50% of respondents would be interested in obtaining information about vasectomies from their obstetrician or prenatal care provider. Conclusions Many patients and their male partners in the prenatal clinic setting were interested in vasectomy as a method for permanent contraception, but most respondents had never received counselling. Since comprehensive prenatal care includes contraceptive planning, obstetric providers are uniquely positioned to educate individuals on vasectomy.


N-path filters are switched filters that allow baseband transfer functions to be transformed to an
arbitrary frequency. These filters have gained renewed interest after many years of absence due to
the availability of high speed transistors enabling N-path filters to be used at gigahertz frequencies.
Much research on N-path filters has been done already starting in the 1960s [1]. Most authors use a
first-order RC low-pass filter as a baseband network to create a band-pass filter resembling a high-Q
LC tank. Analytical solutions are available for such networks. Other functions such as notch filters and
constant delays are possible. The focus of this thesis is the band-pass filter. The use of the N-path
topology for a band-pass filter allows for narrowband filters which are easily tuned as the centre
frequency is determined by a clock signal. The filter shape is dictated by the baseband transfer
function.
The tuneability of this filter makes it suitable for upcoming applications such as software defined
radio (SDR). Practical N-path filters suffer from two problems that limit their applicability. The first is
that it does not only pass the desired frequency content but also the contents that are present
around the harmonics of the clock much like comb filters (harmonic transfer). This puts strong
demands on any mixer in a subsequent stage which has to supress these harmonics. The second
problem is that the filter will fold the harmonics and into the desired
signal at the fundamental harmonic (harmonic folding). Strong interferers at these frequencies can
corrupt the desired signal. This work aims to provide solutions to these problems.
The proposed solution against harmonic transfer is the use of harmonic rejection mixers instead of
the simple switches that are commonly used. This idea conserves the folding properties of typical Npath
filters while effectively suppressing the band-pass filters at higher harmonics of the clock. These
mixers can easily be implemented by impedance scaling at the cost of area in each path. The
suppression of higher harmonics greatly relaxes the design of a subsequent mixer stage. Each
harmonic rejection mixer requires roughly switches and impedances. This means that the area
required for switches and impedances scales with which may be problematic for large .
The harmonic folding can be resolved by increasing the number of clock phases. Creating nonoverlapping
clocks with a high number of phases is difficult at RF as it generally requires very high
frequencies. The option of using overlapping clocks was explored to allow for other clock generation
techniques to be used such as ring oscillators. The idea is proven to be possible provided that a good
adder is available.
A filter combining harmonic rejection mixers and overlapping clocks has been simulated to show
their potential. This filter uses 24 clock phases with a duty cycle of 0.125 . The harmonic rejection
mixers use 12 phases with a switched capacitor low pass filter. The resulting filter has a bandwidth of 8MHz
, a noise figure of 4.8dB and a gain of 7.2dB . The transfer function shows no harmonic
transfer up to the 11th harmonic and the first folder is the 23rd harmonic. Although each
application requires different specifications, the filter shows the potential of the two techniques.


ABSTRACT Jose, F. and Carlin, F., 2022. Storm-driven morphodynamics of a sandy beach in Florida. Journal of Coastal Research, 38(5), 896–907. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Barrier islands and sandy beaches are considered important economic and environmental assets. Florida's gulf coast has one of the most morphologically diverse barrier island systems in the world, with a delicate balance between tidal and wave-generated processes that rapidly bring about morphological changes on this low-energy coast. Significant morphological response can evolve in the coastal zone because of natural phenomena such as hurricanes and tropical storms, as well as anthropogenic activities and coastal engineering projects (Davis and Barnard, 2003). The study uses LIDAR data and historical Google Earth images to assess the long-term morphological and volumetric evolution of Casey Key in Sarasota County, Florida, in response to major storms and anthropogenic activities. Casey Key overall has proven resilient to erosion, especially an 8-km-long middle segment, despite being battered during the 2004 hurricane season, when it is estimated that 608,094 m3 of sand was lost. The key appears to be mostly stable, and it has since recovered the loss and even received benefits from failed nourishment projects to the north. However, the northernmost 2.5-km shoreline of the key is highly vulnerable, with as much as 50 m of retreat in some areas that threatens houses and beach development. Construction of jetty at the south end of the island resulted in enormous progradation of the beach at the expense of excessive downdrift erosion and retreat of the barrier island just south of Casey Key.


Recent work has shown that implicit first impressions of other people can be rapidly updated when new information about them is highly diagnostic or provides a reinterpretation of the basis of prior belief. The Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP; Payne, Cheng, Govorun, & Stewart, 2005) is one prominent implicit measure that has been widely used in this and other work. However, the status of the AMP as a measure of unintentional responding has been a matter of debate, which necessarily also raises questions about the "implicitness" of the updated responses within recent person impression research. In re-analyses of published work, we identify multimodal distributions of AMP responses that raise concerns about potential intentional influences on this task. Drawing on 8 new studies, however, we find that such patterns are not likely attributable to intentional responding (Studies 1, 2A–2B), and that methodological modifications to the AMP procedure eliminate bimodality but do not eliminate effects of rapid revision (Studies 3A–6). Furthermore, these modifications provide evidence that the rapid-revision effects reported in earlier work can be produced under suboptimal conditions such as distraction and increased vigilance against prime influence. We advocate for the continued use of judgmental misattribution as a valuable tool in the arsenal of implicit social cognition researchers, but also encourage researchers to continue to examine the distributional patterns of measures like the AMP, and what those patterns might reflect.


A firm's ability to survive and prosper is often a function of its ability to design and develop new products that meet the needs of heterogeneous markets. The way in which a product is designed can have profound implications for product market structure and who is able to profit from an innovation, but despite this few industry studies have examined how and why product and industry architectures co-evolve and correspond across time.
Notions of architectural co-evolution and correspondence are grounded in the modularity literature and assume a path towards increasing product modularity and industry specialisation. However, scholars have recently hinted that a reverse path towards increasing product and industry integration may be equally feasible. This research study contributes to the literature by proposing three stylised hybrid product and industry reintegration types that enhance our understanding of how and why reintegration may occur in product markets. Furthermore, the presence of a correspondence in the design characteristics between architectural layers (the so-called 'mirroring hypothesis') has also been suggested in the literature, such that product component design is often a blueprint for the way task, knowledge and firm boundaries are partitioned within a given product market. This research study finds that architectural correspondence is hard to sustain over time as firms often maintain a broader knowledge than task boundary for strategically important product components that offer differentiation opportunities or competitive advantage, contributing to the literature on contingencies that 'mist the mirror'.
Of particular interest to this research study is the UK personal pensions sector, a non-physical product, largely under-explored in the product modularity literature. By analysing the co-evolution and correspondence of a non-manufactured product over a 30-year period this research study breaks new ground. The research study makes use of a retrospective longitudinal research design, based upon semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 31 key personnel. The interview data was subject to a combination of matrix and template analysis.


DTU Orbit (05/10/2019) High-Resolution Reciprocal Space Mapping for Characterizing Deformation Structures With high-angular resolution three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD), quantitative information is gained about dislocation structures in individual grains in the bulk of a macroscopic specimen by acquiring reciprocal space maps. In high-resolution 3D reciprocal space maps of tensile-deformed copper, individual, almost dislocation-free subgrains are identified from high-intensity peaks and distinguished by their unique combination of orientation and elastic strain; dislocation walls manifest themselves as a smooth cloud of lower intensity. The elastic strain shows only minor variations within each subgrain, but larger variations between different subgrains. On average, subgrains experience backward strains, whereas dislocation walls are strained in a forward direction. Based on these observations the necessary revision of the classical composite model is outlined. Additionally, subgrain dynamics is followed in situ during varying loading conditions by reciprocal space mapping: during uninterrupted tensile deformation, formation of subgrains is observed concurrently with broadening of Bragg reflections shortly after the onset of plastic deformation. When the traction is terminated, stress relaxation occurs, but no changes in number, size and orientation of the subgrains are observed. The radial profile asymmetry becomes reversed, when pre-deformed specimens are deformed in tension along a perpendicular axis.


In an extract containing all the components for lac gene expression except washed ribosomes, lac mRNA formation was increased 4- to 6-fold by the addition of washed ribosomes. The formation of beta-galactosidase mRNA and enzyme showed very different dependency on added ribosomes. Enzyme was formed in proportion to the number of ribosomes added, whereas 10% of the standard level of ribosomes promoted full levels of transcription. Consistent with their action in vivo, chloramphenicol and erythromycin blocked the ribosome-dependent lac transcription. The same inhibition was seen with RNA pulse-labeled for 1 or 5 min, so that the effect was truly a blockage of formation rather than an increased hyperlability of nascent mRNA. The effect was specified for some RNA species, as it is in vivo: phage lambda N gene transcription was increased rather than inhibited in the presence of chloramphenicol. Chloramphenicol did not stop lac transcription as a result of its blockage of formation of the regulatory nucleotide tetraphosphate (ppGpp), because addition of the nucleotide did not restore mRNA formation in chloramphenicol-treated extracts. Rather, the data are consistent with the ideas that one or a few ribosomes moving closely behind RNA polymerase can prevent its arrest and that, when ribosome movement is blocked by chloramphenicol, the RNA polymerase is exposed to factors that provoke premature RNA chain termination.


Three alternative econometric approaches are used to estimate business cycles in the Peruvian economy. These approaches are the Plucking model due to Friedman (1964, 1993), the Markov Switching model proposed by Hamilton (1989) and the Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model suggested by Terasvirta (1994). The results show strong rejection of the null hypothesis of linearity, presence of asymmetries and nonlinearities. Furthermore, the methods allow to find the principal episodes of recession for the Peruvian economy.


OBJECTIVE
Many people who die by suicide experience major depressive disorder (MDD), but most people with MDD do not die by suicide and many do not report thoughts of death or suicide. This cross-sectional study examined the potential of personal growth initiative (PGI) skills to protect against suicide ideation among adult psychotherapy outpatients.

METHOD
Adult outpatients (N = 178) completed measures of suicide ideation severity (SI), depressive symptom severity (DEP), and PGI skills (PGI) at intake.

RESULTS
Although higher DEP significantly correlated with higher suicide ideation, a significant DEP × PGI interaction, indicated significant positive relations between DEP and SI only when PGI was at or below the mean for this sample.

CONCLUSIONS
PGI skills may function as a protective factor against the development of suicide ideation even in the presence of severe depressive symptoms. This suggests that training PGI skills might prevent or reduce suicide ideation among depressed patients.


The integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into energy power systems provides new applications and possibilities for grid control, operation, and protection. In this paper, a smart self-sustained off-grid concept based on photovoltaics- and battery energy storage system and low-voltage direct current (LVDC) power distribution network is studied. Due to small electrification and poor internet coverage, Sub-Saharan Africa is the target area of the concept realization. Focusing on the application of deep learning, this research presents new approaches to the power system's protection, as fault detection and classification are one of the most essential LVDC electricity distribution issues.


Abstract Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common approach to treat cardiac arrhythmias. During this intervention, numerous strategies are applied to indirectly estimate lesion formation. However, the assessment of the spatial extent of these acute injuries needs to be improved in order to create well-defined and durable ablation lesions. Methods We investigated the electrophysiological characteristics of rat atrial myocardium during an ex vivo RFA procedure with fluorescence-optical and electrical mapping. By analyzing optical data, the temporal growth of punctiform ablation lesions was reconstructed after stepwise RFA sequences. Unipolar electrograms (EGMs) were simultaneously recorded by a multielectrode array (MEA) before and after each RFA sequence. Based on the optical results, we searched for electrical features to delineate these lesions from healthy myocardium. Results Several unipolar EGM parameters were monotonically decreasing when distances between the electrode and lesion boundary were smaller than 2 mm. The negative component of the unipolar EGM [negative peak amplitude (Aneg)] vanished for distances lesser than 0.4 mm to the lesion boundary. Median peak-to-peak amplitude (Vpp) was decreased by 75% compared to baseline. Conclusion Aneg and Vpp are excellent parameters to discriminate the growing lesion area from healthy myocardium. The experimental setup opens new opportunities to investigate EGM characteristics of more complex ablation lesions.


This workshop reviews an education project in Monterrey, Mexico, which was designed to teach principles of algorithms and control systems and promote inclusion and accessibility in systems design – inclusive technology is defined in this project as digital systems that provide ubiquitous accessibility, with knowledge of these systems' use referred to in this context as inclusive technical capital / inclusive capital. The educational development was part of the FabLab Campana project, which was designed to encourage community innovation in Campagna, a marginalized district in Monterrey, Mexico


After 150 years of clinical anaesthesia, the molecular events that lead to anaesthesia have not been determined. This is not because of a lack of ideas [16-19, 56, 571. However, most striking to the observer is the paucity of long-term and systematic studies. The present review describes results from such a study. The long-term goals were: first, to understand how anaesthetics affect membrane protein function and second, to determine if clinical and molecular actions of anaesthetics rnay be correlated.


Abstract A series of numerical experiments on the decaying two dimensional turbulence is performed for a nondivergent barotropic fluid on a rotating sphere by using a high-resolution spectral model with a triangular truncation of T85. Temporal variations of the total kinetic energy, the total enstrophy, and the enstrophy dissipation rate are found to be influenced by both the spherical geometry and the rotation rate. The energy spectrum is different from that in the β-plane experiments with Cartesian geometry. Morphology of streamfunction and vorticity fields is investigated for several rotation rates. In nonrotational cases, isolated coherent vortices emerge in the course of time development as in the planar 2D turbulence. As the rotation rate increases, however, the temporal evolution of the flow field changes drastically, and an easterly circumpolar vortex appears in high latitudes. The flow field is then anisotropic in all the latitudes and elongated in the longitudinal direction. Temporal evolution o...


Radio galaxies with extended lobes are believed to interact strongly with their environment. In this thesis, I investigate the evolution of radio galaxies with different properties and track them through the cosmological ages. In Chapters 2 and 3, I perform a "Monte-Carlo-based" population synthesis study which combines a model for the luminosity evolution of an individual FRII source with the radio luminosity function as a function of redshift. The artificial samples generated are then compared with complete observational samples. The results show that the properties of FRII sources are required to evolve with redshift. I also study the distribution of the jet properties as a function of redshift. From currently available data it is not possible to constrain the shape of the distribution of environment density or age, but jet power is found to follow a power-law distribution with an exponent of approximately -2. This power-law slope does not change with redshift out to z = 0.6. I also find the distribution of the pressure in the lobes of FRII sources to evolve with redshift up to z ? 1.2. FRI sources are not yet considered in Chapter 3, as existing analytical models for FRI soures are less successful. Thus in Chapters 4, I present a new analytical model for FRI jets. The model is based on a mixing-layer structure in which an initially laminar, relativistic flow is surrounded by a shear layer. I apply the appropriate conservation laws to constrain the jet parameters, starting the model where the radio emission is observed to brighten abruptly. Applying the model to a sample of the well-observed FRI sources, including example 3C 31, I find a self-consistent solution, from which I derive the jet power together with other properties like the entrainment rate. The model in Chapter 4 leads an idea of estimating the maximum lengths and ages of the FR II sources by considering the entrainment process during their evolutions. In Chapter 5, I consider the laminar part of the jet may be destroyed due to the entrainment under certain assumpsions, in which case the radio outflows cease to be FR IIs after a few 10 8 yrs, at which point they have typically reached sizes of around 1 Mpc. Based on this idea, I then further discuss a plausible transition process from FRIIs into FRIs.


The "split ADC" architecture concept is applied to correction of errors due to nonlinearity of an open-loop residue amplifier in a pipeline ADC. Determination of calibration parameters and correction of errors takes place entirely in the background in the digital domain; no interaction with analog circuitry is required. An algorithm exhibiting convergence of calibration parameters in fewer than 100 000 conversions is presented.


ABSTRACT Promoting the evolution of library use, of libraries themselves, and of librarianship is one of OCLC's chartered objectives. The author discusses nonprofit business models and new approaches for advancing their missions through advocacy. OCLC's recent advocacy programs are described.


Background
The growth of competency-based programs means faculty are facing new challenges that require different institutional support than traditional programs.

Method
This article identifies how faculty roles are changing and discusses specific challenges for faculty in three diverse institutions, Rasmussen College, Westminster College, and Valdosta State University.

Results and Conclusion
The article recommends actions institutions can implement to better support CBE faculty.


Vitamin D (VitD) has pleiotropic effects. VitD deficiency is closely involved with obesity, and may contribute to the development of lung fibrosis and aggravation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We evaluated the causal relationship between VitD deficiency and the lung pathologies associated with obesity. In vivo effect of VitD supplementation were analyzed using high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice and TGF-β1 triple transgenic mice. Effects of VitD supplementation were also evaluated in both BEAS-2B and primary lung cells from the transgenic mice. Obese mouse had decreased 25-OH VitD and VitD receptor expressions with increases of insulin resistance, renin and angiotensin-2 system (RAS) activity, and leptin. In addition, lung pathologies such as a modest increase in macrophages, enhanced TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression, lung fibrosis, and AHR were found. VitD supplementation to HFD induced obese mice recovered these findings. TGF-β1-overexpressing transgenic mice enhanced macrophages in BALF, lung expression of RAS, epithelial mesenchymal transition markers, AHR, and lung fibrosis. VitD supplementation also attenuated these findings in addition to the attenuation of the expressions of TGF-β1, and phosphorylated Smad-2/3 in lung. Supplementing in vitro-stimulated BEAS-2B and primary lung cells with VitD inhibited TGF-β1 expression, supporting the suppressive effect of VitD for TGF-β1 expression. These results suggest that obesity leads to VitD deficiency and worsens insulin resistance while enhancing the expression of leptin, RAS, TGF-β1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These changes may contribute to the development of lung fibrosis and AHR. VitD supplementation rescues these changes and may have therapeutic potential for asthma with obesity.


Successful outsourcing experiences are not based on the levying of penalties for failure but on the accrual of expected benefits by both parties involved in the outsourcing agreement. For these benefits to accrue, IS managers must implement a proactive, forward-looking oversight mechanism designed to ensure that the outsourcing provider operates in a performance zone that provides the expected business value. Outsourcing oversight metrics—key performance-monitoring parameters built into the outsourcing agreement and assessed on an on-going basis—form the basis of such a mechanism.


Packaging has been in life since the creation of man onto the earth, the body of human is packed indirectly, to serve as a protective cover to the internal organs from external hazards. Packaging is highly significant because according to Frost, (2005) the package communicates both emotional and functional benefits to the buyer. Since Traditional Herbal Medicines (THM) remain integral part of indigenous health care system in Ghana it is therefore high time that practitioners of the industry presented it safe to the consumer by packaging. Some producers and practitioners of THM do not observe good packaging practices which affect consumer patronage. Hence to guarantee, increase in patronage, and maintain safety, efficacy and quality of THM packaging is paramount. Ghana is a country well-endowed with various natural resources therefore locally available material such as bamboo, clay and paper was used to produce a suitable package for the selected THM (bark of nkotobena, nyinya dry leaves, and prekese power). This research was carried out using Kumasi, specifically railway station in Ghana as a case study. The samples were chosen based on their popularity. A number of research methodologies were employed in gathering data including qualitative research method with questionnaire administration, personal interviews and descriptive method. The descriptive was purposely employed to describe procedures and processes in designing and constructing packages. The purposive sampling was used to assess the sample size. The general design of the pack should be underpinned with functions of a package (protect, preserve, promote, contain and handle), with good surface graphics, attractive but reduced colours, illustrations presenting a true and honest picture of the content, the shape should provide convenience in handling, easy for refilling and the ability to stand or with low support. The choice of packaging material should be planned along the principles of the ‗R' in sustainability (reduce, replace, reuse and recycle).


We describe a procedure that enables us to construct dual pairs of wavelet frames from certain dual pairs of Gabor frames. Applying the construction to Gabor frames generated by appropriate exponential Bsplines gives wavelet frames generated by functions whose Fourier transforms are compactly supported splines with geometrically distributed knot sequences. There is also a reverse transform, which yields pairs of dual Gabor frames when applied to certain wavelet frames.


Control of vehicle formations is an area of great interest that requires knowhow from several scientific areas such as control theory, vision, communication system, etc. In this work, several approaches to maintain a formation of vehicles are explained and tested. In this paper, the approach towards formation control is achieved through Position Based Visual Servoing (PBVS). In PBVS, a cartesian space controller is used for target tracking. Two 2D pose estimation methods are described and two local controllers developed (Discrete Linear Quadratic Regulator and an explicit Model Predictive Controller). To maintain the mobile robots in formation, a Neighbor Referenced (NR) control scheme is used. NR-based control allows decentralized formation control schemes since each member of the formation only has information of its neighbors and not of the entire robots in the formation. Finally, simulation and experimental results of the developed work are presented.


It is shown that any compact K\"ahler manifold $M$ gives canonically rise to two strongly homotopy algebras, the first one being associated with the Hodge theory of the de Rham complex and the second one with the Hodge theory of the Dolbeault complex. In these algebras the product of two harmonic differential forms is again harmonic. If $M$ happens to be a Calabi-Yau manifold, there exists a third strongly homotopy algebra closely related to the Barannikov-Kontsevich extended moduli space of complex structures.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent level 1 data shows that focal therapy with vascular-targeted photodynamic treatment in Grade Group (GG) 1 prostate cancer (PCa) reduces pathological progression (PP) and radical treatment compared to active surveillance (AS) at 4 years follow-up. We aimed to compare PP-free and treatment-free survival for focal cryoablation (FC) vs AS in GG 1 (Gleason 6) PCa patients with long-term follow up. METHODS: We identified 222 consecutive patients undergoing FC (n=33) or AS (n=189) for GG 1 PCa between 2002 and 2010 from our institutional review board-approved database (HS-13-00663). All patients had at least 1 follow-up prostate biopsy (PBx) post-FC or after entering AS. All patients underwent sextant systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided PBx, performed by the same operator, using the same protocol during the same period of time. Follow-up protocols were similar for both groups and included periodic PSA, clinical exam and PBx. These cohorts started in 2002 when MRI was not available. The primary endpoint was PP-free survival and PP was defined as progression to GG ≥ 2 PCa on follow-up PBx. The secondary endpoint was treatment-free survival defined as freedom from any treatment after FC or starting AS. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate PP-free and treatment-free survival. RESULTS: Baseline age, PSA, prostate volume, number of biopsy cores taken, number of cancer cores, cancer core length, cancer core percentage, IPSS and SHIM scores were comparable between groups (p>0.05). FC patients had significantly higher PP-free survival (p<0.01) with a trend towards improved treatment-free survival (p=0.09) in comparison men undergoing AS. The 5-year and 10-year PP-free survival was 81% and 81% in the FC group compared to 64% and 29% in the AS group (p<0.01) [Figure 1]. The 5-year and 10-year treatment-free survival was 72% and 72% for FC compared to 68% and 32% for AS (p=0.09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Focal cryablation is associated with reduced pathological progression from Gleason 6 to Gleason 7 or higher prostate cancer when compared to active surveillance in patients with long-term follow-up. Figure. No caption available. Source of Funding: None


Christian teaching and tradition forbids divorce, as in the Christian Scriptures is written in Matthew 19: 6 "So they are no longer two, but one. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate. " Likewise with the Batak Toba oppose divorce. Sirang so sirang is avoided throughout the Batak Toba. The impact it is very detrimental to both the families of both the men and women of the party. Wedding costs are pretty much spent, especially women sinamot costs should be considered in order to avoid divorce. Mental development of children is also supposed to inhibit them to divorce. Batak Toba delivered through Hula-hula ie Bones says tung naso so Hamu marsirang, so sinirang hamatean ni "(can not divorce except as separated by death or death). Customs and religion that forbids divorce no longer feared by Batak Toba society as happened in the district of Bangko Pusako where there are 6 couples Batak Toba ethnic Christian experience Sirang so sirang (separation not separated). Factors causing them to experience sirang so sirang (separation not separated) is social media, infidelity, not having offspring, shifting the role of parents and domestic violence. Some parents of the sixth couple to reconcile that their families back together and there are also parents who support their children to get married again because the partner can not have offspring.


The dielectric properties of suspensions of spherical polystyrene particles with radii of 34 and 50 nm, in aqueous electrolyte solutions were measured in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 30 GHz using HP 4192A impedance and 8753A network analyzers, and double path interferometers. The samples were prepared from the stock suspensions with a high particle concentration (volume fraction of 0.4), which were used either unchanged or diluted with increasing amounts of water down to a concentration of 0.05. The permittivity and total loss spectra showed three well-defined relaxation regions, which could successfully be interpreted using an existing model [Grosse, C., J. Phys. Chem. 92, 3905 (1988)] (corrected by including a term of counterion diffusion on the particle surface). A model spectral function was fitted to the data using seven free parameters: the static conductivity of the electrolyte solution, three parameters associated with the relaxation of the electrolyte solution, and just three parameters for the description of both the counterion and the Maxwell-Wagner relaxations. For different particle concentrations, the values of the surface conductivity (obtained from the Maxwell-Wagner parameters) remained essentially constant, while the low-frequency relaxation parameters exhibited very good agreement with theoretical predictions in Delgado, A. V., Arroyo, F. J., Gonzales-Caballero, F., Shilov, V. N., and Borkovskaya, Yu. B., Colloids Surf. A, in press. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.


We discuss the fundamental processes including electron conduction and adhesion of metallic contacts pertaining to the scaling of the performance metrics of nano-electro-mechanical switches. In particular, we show that under most circumstances, the switching energy is governed by the force that is needed in order to break the electrical contact when opening the switch. For an optimally designed parallel plate capacitor switch, the energy consumption does not depend on the actuation voltage. However, stray capacitances degrade the energy efficiency if a high operating voltage is chosen. The limit is of the order of 1 V for an aggressively scaled Si device, for which an overall switching energy of the order of 150 eV, a footprint area of 2500 nm2 and a switching time of 200 ps are predicted. The scaling analysis also stipulates that materials with a low free electron density and high effective mass should be used for the electrical contact, which is counter-intuitive, as such materials are known to be poor conductors on the macroscopic scale.


According to data from the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia, 59 percent of Indonesian rivers are severely Polluted. The pollutant is due to many people's and industry's behavior of discharging waste directly into the river. This liquid waste contains solids and chemical compounds that affect river water's acidity (pH). Their pollutant does not meet the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 101/2014. Research has been carried out to manufacture an IoT-based sparing monitoring system device using RUT955 to measure the pH and TSS of industrial wastewater in remote areas. This sparring system uses two sources of electric current: PLN and the sun. Solar electricity stored in the battery is used to overcome the problem of breaking the electricity supply from PLN. The device made has been successfully connected to the internet using the webhook.site platform. Acquisition data storage is carried out using the google spreadsheet platform. The pH and TSS data measured by the sensor sent by RUT955 can be received and displayed on the internet platform. The measurement results that the sensor has carried out need to be calibrated so that the data sent is accurate.


The aim of the study was to improve the basic understanding and the methodology of routine milking-time testing by determining the required sampling frequency and number of cows and milkings needed to be measured in order to yield representative results. Milking-time tests represent the most direct method to validate the system vacuum of a milking machine, both the aptitude of vacuum production and the vacuum regulation throughout the system. The vacuum was measured at five points along the milking machine in a milking parlour for six consecutive days, both during morning and evening milking. Three points were measured continuously during the whole milking session, the receiver and two points on the milkline, while the claw and the mouthpiece chamber vacuum (MPCV) was measured during the milking of six cows on each milking occasion. Data was collected at a frequency of 100 Hz and the possibility of obtaining equally reliable results of the milking-time tests with a lower sampling frequency of 10 Hz and 1 Hz was tested in the data analysis by using subsamples of the complete dataset. The sampling frequency of 10 Hz compared to the 100 Hz frequency gave reliable results for means of the claw vacuum and MPCV while the frequency of 1 Hz did not. The number of cows and milkings needed to be measured in order to yield representative results could not be determined without further data analysis.


An introduction of nonlamellar-forming lipids into planar bilayers generates packing stress, which is important for the biological functions of plasma membranes and is a driving force for the lamellar-nonlamellar phase transition. We have investigated the phase behavior of a binary system consisting of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and monoolein (MO) and the changes in the local orientation order of lipids in a lamellar-bicontinuous cubic phase transition. Small-angle X-ray scattering has revealed that the lamellar-bicontinuous cubic phase transition occurs at an MO molar fraction (X(MO)) between 0.6 and 0.7. These phases were dispersed to form liposomes and cubosomes to monitor the anisotropy of the incorporated fluorescence probe, in which Pluronic F127, used as a dispersion stabilizer of the cubic phase, has been proven not to alter the cubic structure and the location of the probes. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements on these dispersions have revealed that the order parameter of the probe in the lamellar phase increases with increasing X(MO), and that it decreases during the transition to the cubic phase. This observation suggests that packing stress generated by the addition of the nonlamellar-forming lipid is released by the phase transition.


We have investigated the experimental X-ray and far-infrared responses of three polythiophenes synthesized from a thiophene, alpha-bithiophene, and alpha-quaterthiophene monomer. The X-ray data show that the crystallinity of the different polythiophene samples depends on the synthesis conditions. An excellent correlation between the crystallinity of polythiophenes and their far-infrared signatures is demonstrated. In addition, the assignment of the far-infrared phonon modes in polythiophenes is given by using both an experimental filiation procedure and first-principles calculations. In particular, the ring libration inside the polymeric chain, directly involved in the electron-phonon coupling, is assigned.


Background Neighborhood Health Services Corporation (NHSC), an urban community-based not-for-profit ambulatory health centre in Plainfield, New Jersey, USA, provides services to over 350 persons living with HIV/AIDS. Presently 75% of NHSC HIV patients have history of substance abuse, 62% have mental health issues and/or depression and 30% are at risk for homelessness. For these patient populations long-term health and quality of life outcomes can not be achieved and sustained without aggressive intervention around substance use, mental health and other contributing factors. Methods NHSC incorporates a coordinated, patient-centred approach to integrating multiple prevention services and interventions with HIV primary care and treatment in a welcoming, non-threatening environment of a patient-centred medical home. Substance abuse and mental health screenings are done by clinicians upon patient enrollment and every six months thereafter. Referrals for in-depth substance abuse and mental health assessments are generated as needed or at a minimum annually per clinical protocols. Patients in need of these services receive on-going counselling and appropriate interventions on-site. Referrals are also made to off-site facilities for crisis intervention and inpatient services. Psychosocial, financial and lifestyle assessments are conducted every six months to assess patients' risk for homelessness, substance use and unsafe lifestyle practises. Results Resulting from an integrated, patient-centred approach to providing HIV services NHSC demonstrated the following: 95% of HIV patients received substance abuse and mental health screening; 100% received medical case management assessments. Furthermore, 57 patients receive on-going substance abuse counselling; 36 patients receive mental health counselling; 16 persons are in shelter/transitional housing; 2 persons were hospitalised for suicide prevention. Conclusions Integration of prevention interventions with HIV care/treatment under the umbrella of Early Intervention Services allowed to: achieve improved understanding of the reality of substance abuse/mental health; establish a seamless one-stop shop service delivery model and improve patients' access to community prevention/treatment resources.


The development of carbachol-induced EEG theta (theta) activity was studied in the CA1 and dentate regions of hippocampal formation slices obtained from neonatal rats (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days of age). When perfused with carbachol (50 microM), 4- and 6-day-old hippocampal slices exhibited only short-lasting irregular activity. The initial appearance of carbachol-induced rhythmic waves were observed in slices obtained from 8-day-old rats. From the time that theta appeared at 8 days of age, a steady increase in amplitude and frequency was noted. This observed in vitro developmental pattern of hippocampal theta-rhythm closely resembles the development of theta activity in in vivo preparations.


Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and become undetectable viremia. However, a small number of residual replication-competent HIV proviruses can still persist in a latent state even with lifelong ART, fueling viral rebound in HIV-infected patient subjects after treatment interruption. Therefore, the proviral reservoirs distributed in tissues in the body represent a major obstacle to a cure for HIV infection. Given unavailable HIV vaccine and a failure to eradicate HIV proviral reservoirs by current treatment, it is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies to eliminate proviral reservoirs for ART-free HIV remission (functional cure), including a sterilizing cure (eradication of HIV reservoirs). This review highlights recent advances in the establishment and persistence of HIV proviral reservoirs, their detection, and potential eradication strategies.


1
 H and 13C n.m.r. and i.r. spectroscopic studies, including 15N-labelling, on solutions of ArN:N·C(SR):N·NHAr (Ar = Ph, p–, or o-tolyl; R = CH3 or CD3) taken in conjunction with established X-ray crystal structures of pure isomers have made it possible to establish the structural causes responsible for temporal changes in the visible spectra. Relative to the formal CN double and C–N single bonds the yellow isomer is shown to have a single anti,s-trans structure whereas the pink isomer comprises syn,s-trans species in rapid tautomeric equilibrium.


In this article, ethics-wise questions in contemporary theater are addressed from the contact with Cie Dos a Deux. By reflecting upon the play "Blood Brothers", the text discusses relations between ethics, politics and body, and its references are the thoughts of Deleuze, Cornago and Pessoa. Thus, it highlights the strength of possible links between contemporary staging, performance and philosophy.


Setting up a cut-off point is necessary for opinion-based questionnaires on health care utilization, facilitating factors and barriers to arrive at a conclusion and also for assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. This study and shows how to formulate a tool for decision-making in Normreferenced survey questionnaires and readjust their cut-off points to incorporate the population variation for items containing continuous variables. This procedure will help the researchers to perform finer adjustments in the cut-off values of any Norm-referenced survey instrument based on the local population data and in situations where no gold-standard instrument is available for