Mobile users (or UEs, to use 3GPP terminology) served by small cells in dense urban settings may abruptly experience a significant deterioration in their channel to their serving base stations (BSs) in several scenarios, such as after turning a corner around a tall building, or a sudden knot of traffic blocking the direct path between the UE and its serving BS. In this work, we propose a scheme to temporarily increase the data rate to/from this UE with additional bandwidth from the nearest Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) cluster of BSs, while the slower process of handover of the UE to a new serving BS is ongoing. We emphasize that this additional bandwidth is additional to the data rates the UE is getting over its primary connection to the current serving BS and, after the handover, to the new serving BS. The key novelty of the present work is the proposal of a decentralized market-based resource allocation method to perform resource allocation to support Coordinated Beamforming (CB) CoMP. It is scalable to large numbers of UEs and BSs, and it is fast because resource allocations are made bilaterally, between BSs and UEs. Once the resource allocation to the UE has been made, the coordinated of transmissions occurs as per the usual CB methods. Thus the proposed method has the benefit of giving the UE access to its desired amount of resources fast, without waiting for handover to complete, or reporting channel state information before it knows the resources it will be allocated for receiving transmissions from the serving BS.


Abstract Purpose  Compare postoperative outcomes in cataract surgery between eyes with standard drop regimen versus dropless protocol by residents. Design  Retrospective cohort study between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020. Methods  The study was performed at Lyndon B. Johnson General Hospital in Houston, Harris County, Texas. A total of 547 eyes (234 dropless vs. 313 standard) with phacoemulsification cataract surgery and minimum of 1-month follow-up with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were included. Dropless received 40 mg sub-Tenon's triamcinolone and intracameral moxifloxacin. Patients were followed at postoperative day 1 (POD1), week 1 (POW1), and month 1 (POM1). Postoperative rate of BCVA better than 20/40 (Good vision) and rate of complications were compared between groups. Results  Good vision on POM1 in dropless (77.8%) was noninferior to standard (75.1%, p  = 0.80). Complication rate in dropless (28.6%) was noninferior to standard (24.0%, p  = 0.13). Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation on POD1 ( p  = 0.041) and anterior chamber (AC) cells on POW1 and POM1 ( p  < 0.001) were more frequent in dropless. Mean spherical equivalent at POM1 was better in dropless (−0.37 D [±0.81 D]) compared with standard (−0.61D [±0.77 D], p  = 0.001). Early posterior capsular opacification (early PCO) was more frequent in dropless ( p  = 0.042). Conclusions  Postoperative rate of BCVA better than 20/40 and rate of postoperative complications were noninferior, although dropless had higher rates of AC inflammation, IOP elevation, and early PCO.


Following the wellknown spacetime decomposition technique as applied to (d+1) dimensions we write down the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in a spatially flat generalised FRW universe. Assuming an equation of state for the background cosmic fluid we find solutions in turn for acoustic waves and also for Alfven waves in a warm (cold) magnetised plasma. Interestingly the different plasma modes closely resemble the flat space counterparts except that here the field variables all redshift with their time due to the expansion of the background. It is observed that in the ultrarelativistic limit the field parameters all scale as the free photon. The situation changes in the prerelativistic limit where the frequencies change in a bizarre fashion depending on initial conditions. It is observed that for a fixed magnetic field in a particular medium the Alfven wave velocity decreases with the number of dimensions, being the maximum in the usual 4D. Further for a fixed dimension the velocity attenuation is more significant in dust compared to the radiation era. We also find that in an expanding background the Alfven wave propagation is possible only in the high frequency range, determined by the strength of the external magnetic field, the mass density of the medium and also the dimensions of the spacetime. Further it is found that with expansion the cosmic magnetic field decays more sharply in higher dimensional cosmology, which is in line with observational demand.


STUDY QUESTION
Does obesity influence the chance of pregnancy after IVF in donor oocyte recipients?

SUMMARY ANSWER
The chance of pregnancy after IVF is no different in obese donor oocyte recipients versus those in the normal BMI range.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Obesity is associated with decreased chances of pregnancy in women undergoing IVF with autologous oocytes. Prior studies have investigated the impact of obesity on IVF outcomes in donor oocyte recipients, with disparate results. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to address this topic.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature identified in Medline, EMBASE and Scopus through December of 2011 were performed to address the association between BMI and outcomes for donor oocyte recipients. The primary outcome of this study was implantation.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Two authors conducted the searches independently, selected the studies and abstracted the data. Studies in English of first donor oocyte cycles with reported recipient BMI were included. Primary data collected from the IVF program at Washington University were also included as one study (n = 123 donor oocyte recipients). Studies limited to frozen embryo transfer were excluded. Data were synthesized using DerSimonian-Laird random effects models for implantation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Of 475 screened articles, 7 were reviewed and 5 were included together with primary data from Washington University, giving a total of 4758 women who were included for the assessment of the primary outcome. No associations between obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) and chance of pregnancy after IVF were noted in women using donor oocytes [risk ratio (RR): 0.98, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.83-1.15, I(2): 61.6%]. Additional analyses assessing associations between recipient obesity and embryo implantation (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.80-1.07, I(2): 0%), miscarriage (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.83-1.50, I(2): 0%) and live birth (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.65-1.27, I(2) 47.9%) also failed to show a negative effect.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Included studies were small and they were performed in a variety of locations and practice settings where stimulation and laboratory protocols may differ, and extremes of BMI may also differ. Furthermore, included studies had different inclusion and exclusion criteria. These factors could not be controlled for in this meta-analysis and statistical heterogeneity was noted for some outcomes.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
These data suggest obesity does not affect IVF outcomes in women using donor oocytes. Oocyte quality rather than endometrial receptivity may be the overriding factor influencing IVF outcomes in obese women using autologous oocytes.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
E.S.J. and M.G.T receive support from the Women's Reproductive Health Research Program sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (K12 HD063086). The authors do not have any competing interests.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.


Histamine receptors have been demonstrated on lymphocyte membranes by a variety of techniques. We now report a method that allows for the flow cytometric analysis of histamine receptors on human peripheral T cells. Histamine is conjugated to fluoresceinated human albumin by the coupling agent ECDI. This conjugated histamine compound (FHA-his) binds to approximately 45% of T cells. Fluoresceinated human albumin alone (FHA), not conjugated to histamine, does not bind to T cells. In addition, unconjugated histamine can inhibit completely the binding seen with FHA-his. We conclude that this technique demonstrates specific FHA-his binding to histamine receptors on T cells and can be used to determine the number of cells bearing such receptors. In addition, the reagent could be used with a cell sorter to isolate distinct histamine-receptor-bearing (HR+) cells for further immunologic study.


BACKGROUND
Recently novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) have been identified in non-immunocompromised hosts, both in Asia and Western countries. These include aggressive T-cell and NK-cell LPDs often subsumed under the heading of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) infection and EBV-driven B-cell LPDs mainly affecting the elderly.

DESIGN
To better define the pathogenesis, classification, and treatment of these disorders, participants from Asia, The Americas, Europe, and Australia presented clinical and experimental data at an international meeting.

RESULTS
The term systemic EBV-positive T-cell LPD, as adopted by the WHO classification, is preferred as a pathological classification over CAEBV (the favored clinical term) for those cases that are clonal. The disease has an aggressive clinical course, but may arise in the background of CAEBV. Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) and HV-like lymphoma represent a spectrum of clonal EBV-positive T-cell LPDs, which have a more protracted clinical course; spontaneous regression may occur in adult life. Severe mosquito bite allergy is a related syndrome usually of NK cell origin. Immune senescence in the elderly is associated with both reactive and neoplastic EBV-driven LPDs, including EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

CONCLUSION
The participants proposed an international consortium to facilitate further clinical and biological studies of novel EBV-driven LPDs.


ABSTRACT Spiders are considered to be sensitive to habitat pollution, but the effect of sulphur contamination on spider communities is poorly known and studied, although the impact of sulphur can be realized by the changes of soils and forest community. This work examined the diversity of ground-dwelling spiders in sulphur-contaminated habitat among three types of studied biotopes (deforested area, thicket, spruce forest) in the area of the Karkonosze Mountains (Sudetes Mountain System) in Poland. In the late 1970s and 1980s, a large-area forest decline in Sudetes Mountains, mainly derived from industrial emissions caused drastic changes in abiotic environment leading to the fundamental forest ecosystem transformation. The results of these damages were studied directly after the forest decline took place. Nowadays, more than 20 years after the ecological disaster, 13 sites were chosen according to habitat type to study the long-term impact of sulphur on spiders. The sites with high and low sulphur content in soil were not significantly different with regard to spider species diversity, although the most deforested sites were characterized by the lower values of sulphur. The only significant positive correlation found was the dependence between spiders' diversity and plant richness. All studied habitats were characterized by different community structure, although thickets was the most diverse with predomination of Linyphiids and Lycosids.


Acetylacetone was coupled with diazotized aryl amines to give  arylazoacetylacetones; these when refluxed with 5-amino-3,4-diphenylthieno[2,3- c ]pyridazine-6-carbohydrazide in glacial acetic acid yielded the corresponding 5-amino-6-[[4-arylazo-3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl]-carbonyl]-3,4-diphenylthieno[2,3- c ]pyridazine dyes. The dyes were applied to polyester fabric, and their spectral and fastness properties measured.


Expertly and accessibly written by a nurse and parent who who has experienced the anxiety and frustrations of the everyday care of children with tracheostomies, Pediatric Tracheostomy Home Care Guide is a comprehensive resource for both both parents and health care professional. Essential Topics Discussed Include: What is a Tracheostomy? Types of Trachesotomy Tubes Reasons for Tracheostomies Eating with Tracheostomies Home Equipment Parenting Challenges See also Pediatric Care of the Surgical Patient and accompanying Pocket Guide to Pediatric Surgical Nursing.


We develop methods for detecting and localizing vapor-emitting sources using chemical sensor arrays. Potential applications of these methods include detection of explosives or drugs, sensing of leakage of hazardous chemicals or pollution, and environmental studies. We describe the pertinent physical models, develop estimation and detection algorithms, and derive performance bounds. >


When the code length is moderate, non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes can achieve better error-correcting per formance than their binary counterparts at the cost of higher decoding complexity. The check node processing is a mJ\jor bottleneck of NB-LDPC decoding. Its computation complexity can be reduced by an iterative forward-backward scheme. Nevertheless, large memory is required in this scheme to store intermediate results. In this paper, a novel check node processing scheme and corresponding VLSI architectures are proposed for the Min-max NB-LDPC decoding. The proposed scheme first sorts out a limited number of the most reliable input messages. Then the forward and backward processes are carried out using only these messages. In addition, an innovative approach is developed to derive the output messages from only a small number of intermediate results without noticeable performance loss. Accordingly, both the memory requirement and computation complexity are greatly reduced. For an example (837, 726) NB-LDPC code over GF(25 ), our proposed check node processing architecture can achieve at least 34% area reduction and about the same throughput compared to previous efforts based on the original forward backward scheme.


Introduction: The nature of nursing since its inception derives from the need of taking care of the people's health. This statement has supported the contributions of this staff in order to improve the population's health. Previous studies demonstrated that there was no agreement between the functions approved in the Resolution 396/07 of the Ministry of Public Health and the preparation of the community nursing staffs during their formation process. As a result, a new proposal of functions, which was considered better from the quantitative and qualitative viewpoint, was submitted. Objectives: To check in practice the functions that are really fulfilled by these professionals in their performance. Method: An observational and descriptive study was carried out in family physician and nurse's offices in La Habana province during the year 2011. An expertvalidated observational guide was used. The observers and the sample to be observed were then selected and the direct observation in practice was made. Results: It was confirmed that most of the submitted functions were fulfilled; out of the 54 proposed functions, 52 were performed: 40 assistance-type, 6 educational, 2 administrative and 4 research. Conclusions: The majority of expert-validated functions were confirmed in practice, being the assistance-type predominant. This underlines the need of making the new proposed functions official.


All-purpose electrode materials (APEMs), which can be effectively available on not only alkali-ion batteries but also emerging Li metal batteries, are urgently pursued to open up cost-efficient tactics for practical application of energy storage systems (ESSs), but still remain challenging. Herein, the hierarchical porous carbon nanotubes network (NOPCT) with well-tailored nanoarchitecture and high N/O-co-doping content (20.6 at%) is developed to present large-span application on ESSs. As for Li/Na-ion batteries, the NOPCT delivered excellent cycle stability and robust rate performance in a conventional ester-based electrolyte. Moreover, NOPCT also serving as a metal Li host can effectively guide smooth and uniform Li nucleation/growth to enhance the cycle stability of hybrid Li metal anodes. In addition, the NOPCT played an important role in the sustainability of sulfur electrodes, promising the feasibility of shared NOPCT for practical Li-S batteries. First-principle calculations demonstrate that graphitic-N and CO function groups favor for improving electron conductivity while the pyridinic-N and CO function group make sense for improved Li/Na adsorption and affinity through Lewis acid-base interaction, enlightening the interplay between various doped categories on improved electrochemical performance of NOPCT. This work provides profound theoretical and experimental insight into the design and development of APEMs for advanced ESSs.


Hypertensive pregnancy disorders complicate 10% of all pregnancies and cover a spectrum of conditions, namely preeclampsia, eclampsia, and chronic and gestational hypertension. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy‐specific disorder clinically characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. It remains a leading cause of both fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditionally, hypertensive pregnancy disorders were considered not to have any long‐term impact on mothers' cardiovascular health; however, recent studies consistently have supported the role of hypertension in pregnancy as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease later in life. Therefore, improved screening, and preventive and treatment strategies may not only optimize management of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, but may have a long‐term impact on women's cardiovascular events and outcomes years after the affected pregnancies. This article will provide a brief review of hypertensive pregnancy disorders and important recent discoveries regarding their pathogeneses, while focusing on current diagnostic and treatment strategies.


Rationale: Friedrich ataxia (FA) is the most common inherited neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxic syndrome. In patients with FA, physiotherapy is highly recommended to improve motor function outcome. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been demonstrated to be effective in improving symptoms by modulating cerebellar excitability. Recently, robotic rehabilitation with Lokomat-Pro has been used to treat motor impairment in ataxic syndromes by "modulating" cortical plasticity and cerebello-motor connectivity. Patient concerns: A 29-year-old Italian male with FA, come to our Institute to undergo intensive rehabilitation training. He presented a moderate-to-severe spastic tetraparesis, brisk deep tendon reflexes, moderate dysarthria, occasional difficulty in speaking, and mild delay in swallowing. He was able to stand for at least 10 seconds in the natural position with constant support, and thus he used a wheelchair. Diagnosis: Tetraparesis in a young patient with FA. Interventions: The effects of a stand-alone robotic gait training with Lokomat-Pro preceded by cerebellar anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) versus Lokomat-Pro preceded by cathodal-tDCS (c-tDCS) are compared. Outcomes: The coupled approach (i.e., tDCS and Lokomat) demonstrated better improvement in functional motor outcomes on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Lessons: Although only a single case is described, we found that the combined neuromodulation-neurorobotic approach could become a promising tool in the rehabilitation of cerebellar ataxias, possibly by shaping cerebello-cerebral plasticity and connectivity.


In this paper, we develop the Data Science Machine, which is able to derive predictive models from raw data automatically. To achieve this automation, we first propose and develop the Deep Feature Synthesis algorithm for automatically generating features for relational datasets. The algorithm follows relationships in the data to a base field, and then sequentially applies mathematical functions along that path to create the final feature. Second, we implement a generalizable machine learning pipeline and tune it using a novel Gaussian Copula process based approach. We entered the Data Science Machine in 3 data science competitions that featured 906 other data science teams. Our approach beats 615 teams in these data science competitions. In 2 of the 3 competitions we beat a majority of competitors, and in the third, we achieved 94% of the best competitor's score. In the best case, with an ongoing competition, we beat 85.6% of the teams and achieved 95.7% of the top submissions score.


Objective : to determine the effect of triamcinolone acetonide as an
antifibrotic agent on inflammatory response and collagen type I after strabismus
surgery in rabbit
Material and methods : Thirty six eyes of male New Zealand white
rabbits divided by two groups, 18 rabbits eyes in control group and 18 rabbits
eyes in treatment group. Control group underwent recess muskulus rektus
superior and irrigation of balanced salt solution in reattachment site. Treatment
group underwent strabismus surgery and irrigation Triamcinolone Acetonide
(TCA) (Flamicort ® Dexa-medica)(40 mg/ml) 0,15 ml (6 mg). They were
terminated on 15 postoperative days. Staining Hematoxylin & Eosin were
performed to evaluate inflammatory response and immunohistochemistry using a
monoclonal antibody Collagen I Alpha 2 Antibody (LS-C352030, LifeSpan
BioSciences, Inc) was performed to evaluate collagen type I expression.
Results : This study showed of inflammatory response decreased and
statistically significant in the treatment group (p=0.002, p=<0.05). Expression of
type I collagen obtained a decrease in the treatment group compared to BSS group
(p=0.004, p<0.05)
Conclusion : Triamcinolone Acetonide (TCA) 40 mg/ml is one of therapeutic
approaches that aims to reduce fibrosis after strabismus surgery by inhibiting the
accumulation of inflammatory cells activation and suppressing of type I collagen
deposition.


Hyperspectral datasets provide explicit ground covers with hundreds of bands. Filtering contiguous hyperspectral datasets potentially discriminates surface features. Therefore, in this study, a number of spectral bands are minimized without losing original information through a process known as dimensionality reduction (DR). Redundant bands portray the fact that neighboring bands are highly correlated, sharing similar information. The benefits of utilizing dimensionality reduction include the ability to slacken the complexity of data during processing and transform original data to remove the correlation among bands. In this paper, two DR methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum noise fraction (MNF), are applied to the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) dataset of Kalaburagi for discussion.


Background and Aims New chronic opioid use may represent common complication after elective surgery.As many as 71% of opioid pills prescribed after surgery go unused and may become a source for misuse, abuse


Gamma ray sources with high flux and spectral densities are the main requirements for new nuclear physics experiments to be performed in several worldwide laboratories with dedicated facilities. The paper is focalized on a proposal of experiment on γ photons production using Compton collisions between the DAΦNE electron beam and a high average power laser pulse, amplified in a Fabry-Pérot optical resonator. The calculations show that the resulting γ beam source has extremely interesting properties in terms of spectral density, energy spread and γ flux comparable (and even better) with the last generation γ sources. The energy of the γ beam depends on the adopted laser wavelength and can be tuned changing the energy of the electron ring. In particular we have analyzed the case of a γ factory tunable in the 2-9 MeV range. The main parameters of this new facility are presented and the perturbation on the transverse and longitudinal electron beam dynamics is discussed. A preliminary accelerator layout to allow experiments with the γ beam is presented with a first design of the accelerator optics.


Three dimensional measurements from the ISEE-1 low energy electron spectrometer are used to map the location of the inner edge of the plasma sheet and study the anisotropies in the electron distribution function associated with this boundary. Lower energy plasma sheet electrons have inner edges closer to the Earth than higher energies with the separations at different energies being larger near dawn and after dusk than at midnight. Lowest energy inner edges are frequently located adjacent to the plasmapause in the dawn hemisphere but are often separated from it in the dusk hemisphere by a gap of at least several Re. The energy dispersion is minimal in the afternoon quadrant where the inner edge is near the magnetopause and frequently oscillating on a time scale of minutes. The location of the inner edge is probably determined primarily by the motion of electrons in the existing electric and magnetic fields rather than by strong diffusion as has sometimes been supposed.


these were aged over 60 years and two men were younger. Three women and three men died of circulatory failure at the intensive care ward. Two of the women were unconscious on admission, and three men died postoperatively. Of those one was aged 33 and the other 38 years, and they died of pancreatic abscess and haemorrhage respectively. The third man died of circulatory failure 20 days after recovering from his pancreatitis. The mortality in this series was high in the first five years, but no patient died during 1969-70, probably owing to the fact that peritoneal dialysis was started earlier and the patients were not so ill on admission. During 1971 and 1972 we have so far treated 15 cases of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis, of whom three have died. Since this regime was introduced there have been some cases of pancreatic cyst formation which have required surgical interference. A remarkable improvement in the conditions of the patients has always occurred and the pain has usually disappeared or decreased shortly after the start of the dialysis. The mode of action of peritoneal dialysis in acute pancreatitis is not quite clear. Several factors are probably involved-a removal of oedema and pancreatic exudate with toxic substances; correction of electrolytes and blood gases; relieving the load on the kidneys by removing toxic substances from the blood; and supply of calories by absorption of glucose from the dialysing fluid.-I am, etc.


BACKGROUND
The Netherlands was one of the first countries in Europe to stimulate controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) at a national level in addition to donation after brain death (DBD). With this program the number of organ transplants increased, but it also proved to have challenges as will be shown in this 15-year review.

METHODS
Data about deceased organ donation in the Netherlands, from 2000 until 2014, were analysed taking into account the whole donation process from donor referral to the number of organs transplanted.

RESULTS
Donor referral increased by 58%, from 213 to 336 donors per year, and the number of organs transplanted rose by 42%. Meanwhile the contribution of cDCD donors increased from 14% in 2000 to 54% in 2014 among all referrals. The organs were transplanted from 92-99% of referred DBD donors, but this percentage was significantly lower for cDCD donors and also decreased from 86% in 2000-2002 to 67% in 2012-2014. In 16% of all referred cDCD donors, organs were not recovered because donors did not die within the expected two-hour time limit after withdrawal of life- upporting treatment. Furthermore, cDCD is more often performed at a higher donor age, which is associated with a lower percentage of transplanted organs.

CONCLUSION
Although cDCD resulted in more transplants, the effort in donor recruitment is considerably higher. Important challenges in cDCD that need further attention are the time limit after withdrawal of life-supporting treatment and donor age, as well as the possibilities to stimulate non-renal transplants including the heart by machine preservation.


SUMMARY Mangroves in South Asian countries, such as Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka are unique in terms of their extent, variability and biodiversity. The world's single largest mangrove ecosystem, the Sundarbans, is present in this region. These countries are also exposed to catastrophic events such as tsunami and tropical cyclones against which mangroves can act as a barrier depending on their location and condition. The countries also share a common forest management history and face similar socio-economic challenges of protecting the remaining natural mangroves. Perhaps due to these factors the countries have some common elements in mangrove management, such as choice of silvicultural system, protection of existing natural forests, people's participation, ICZM approach, biodiversity conservation, zoning, promotion of non-exploiting uses, plantation for land reclamation and water infrastructure protection. In this paper, an overview of these management strategies has been provided in order to identify the main legal and management challenges. Changes in the silviculture system, adoption of ecosystem management approaches, revision of forest laws, and regional cooperation have been advocated to improve mangrove management.


Variable length code is an integral component of many international standards on image and video compression. Recently, context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) is adopted by the emerging JVT (also called H.264 in ITU, and AVC in MPEG-4). In this paper, we describe a novel architecture for CAVLC decoder, including a coeff_token decoder, level decoder, total_zeros decoder and run_before decoder. Together with a barrel shifter and controller, the pipeline architecture can decode every syntax element in one clock cycle. Therefore, it is very suitable for video applications that require high throughput.


This study uses a difference-in-differences approach to investigate the effect of county wind power development on grassland quality in China. We find robust evidence that increasing wind power capacity density by 0.02 megawatt/km2 leads to a 0.5% reduction in the normalized difference vegetation index from its mean value. Excluding economic activities as a transmission channel, heterogeneous effects suggest that higher latitude areas with shorter night hours in the growing season are less affected by the negative externality, supporting microclimate effects as the main mechanism. In addition, scarce wind resources and abundant precipitation may weaken the negative effect.


The content of 41 Internet-based state applications were examined for their compliance with EEO guidelines. The results indicated that 97.5% of the application forms possessed at least one inadvisable question, with an average of 4.2 per form. The most frequent inadvisable questions pertained to past salary, age, and driver's license information. In addition, the application forms of states with larger populations contained significantly more problematic items as compared to less populous states.


A drug-related problem (DRP) is an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired outcome. The complexities in drug regimens used in cervical cancer chemotherapy has led to more serious problems. The aim of this study is to investigate DRPs in cervical cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The study was a retrospective cross sectional study on patients receiving cervical cancer chemotherapy at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria (ABUTH). Patients' medication charts were reviewed from July, 2015 to June, 2016. Data were collected using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification of DRP V 6.20. A total of 224 DRPs cases were identified from 65 cervical cancer patients. The DRPs were mostly on treatment effectiveness (28.1%), adverse reaction (29.0%), and cost (26.8%), while the causes were majorly drug selection (28.1%) and dose selection (29.0%). The risk factors for the DRPs were found to be comorbidities and polypharmacy. In conclusion, DRPs were common among cervical cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at ABUTH. Pharmacist interventions to achieve a better therapeutic outcome are necessary. Keywords: Cervical cancer, chemotherapy, drug related problem, pharmacist, polypharmacy


Macular Degeneration in both Eyes.-J. H. DOGGART, F.R.C.S. G. B., female, aged 28. History.-Rheumatic endocarditis thirteen years ago; lupus of face three years ago. Sight failing for three years. Attended Mr. C. B. Goulden's Out-patient Department at the London H-ospital, December, 1929. Examination. -Under H. and C.: Right vision, with + 1 5 cyl., 1800 -' (1 1.). Left vision, with + 1 5 sph.-A (2 1.). At each macula there is an appearance of small, closely-set, glistening crystals. Numerous Tay's spots can be seen in the periphery of both fundi. Vessels healthy. Mentality slow. I am indebted to Mr. C. B. Goulden for permission to show this case.


Mental health in the workplace is becoming of ever greater importance. General occupational health surveillance programmes are already in widespread use, with established referral systems for treatment and rehabilitation, and the same mechanisms could be expanded to include mental health screening and intervention. This study aimed to develop a concise composite mental health screening tool, based on analysis of existing data, for application in routine occupational health surveillance in South Africa. Data from workplace occupational health surveillance programs from 2,303 participants were analysed. Participants completed a number of questions/scaled items collated into a survey format, and partook in an interview with a psychologist. The data was analysed using frequency of positive self-reports, Chi square to calculate associations with outcomes, Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis to explore predictive ability, and binomial logistic regression to calculate the relative contribution of markers to outcomes. An exploratory factor analysis was further conducted on identified items. A general workplace model with 14 markers (and a maritime workplace model with 17 markers) were identified. The factor analysis suggested their organisation into five domains (similar for both models), namely neurocognitive health, common mental disorders, history of adaptation in occupational specific contexts, family-work interface, and stress overload. The study's data-driven approach proposed a concise composite screener with less than 50 items, comprising five domains. This tool appears useful in identifying employees at risk for workplace injuries or poor mental health outcomes, and could be applied to related workplace settings in South Africa.


Three u.v.‐induced mutants of the purine–cytosine permease gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with altered apparent Michaelis constant of transport (Kmapp), were cloned and sequenced. One of the mutants had extensive nucleotide replacement, whereas the other two had a single mutation. To evaluate the contribution of the different amino acid replacements to the phenotype of the complex mutant, simpler mutants were created by site‐directed mutagenesis. All the amino acid replacements found in the segment from amino acids 371 to 377 inclusive, contribute to the determination of the phenotype. According to the model postulated this segment lies on the cell surface. In particular, amino acids at position 374 and 377 modulate the affinity of the permease towards its substrates. In the wild‐type, when asparagine is present at both of these positions, the lowest Kmapp values are found.


After successful aortic valve replacement, a 68-year-old male developed sustained refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation due to an unsuspected pheochromocytoma, resulting in death. The symptoms of pheochromocytoma were masked by symptoms from the cardiac disease.


Atherosclerosis, restenosis, and posttransplant graft atherosclerosis are characterized by endothelial damage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The CXCR3-activating chemokines interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP10) and MIG (monokine induced by interferon-γ) have been implicated in vascular repair and remodeling. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remain elusive. Here, we show that wire-mediated arterial injury induced local and systemic expression of IP10 and MIG, resulting in enhanced recruitment of CXCR3+ leukocytes and hematopoietic progenitor cells. This was accompanied by profound activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1, increased reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and intimal hyperplasia. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of CXCR3 signaling not only suppressed recruitment of inflammatory cells but also abolished mTORC1 activation, reduced reactive oxygen species generation, and blocked apoptosis of vascular cells, resulting in significant reduction of intimal hyperplasia in vivo. In vitro, stimulation of T cells with IP10 directly activated mTORC1 and induced generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in an mTORC1-dependent manner. These results strongly indicate that CXCR3-dependent activation of mTORC1 directly links stimulation of the Th1 immune system with the proliferative response of intimal cells in vascular remodeling.


We trace the ultrafast dynamics of the spin density wave gap of the pnictide system BaFe2 As2 probing resonantly with broadband multi-terahertz pulses. The photoexcitation in the low-temperature ground state leads to a fast suppression of the spin order followed by a slower recovery process. Surprisingly, in the normal state, we observe periodic oscillations of the spin density wave feature at a frequency as high as 5.5 THz. Our results indicate a transient development of a macroscopic order driven by a coherent lattice oscillation and attest to a pronounced spin–phonon coupling in pnictides.


It is known that modern accelerators fall under nonlinear aberrations influence. The most of these aberrations have harmful character, and their effect must be maximally decreased. There are a set of approaches and codes to solving this problem. In this paper, we consider an approach for solving this problem using the matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools. This formalism allows reducing the starting problem to linear algebraic equations for aberration coefficients, which are elements of corresponding matrices. There are discussed results evaluated using suggested approach and nonlinear programming tools. Some examples of corresponding results are given.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the expression and clinical significance of cyclin H and cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) in human hemangiomas.

METHODS
Immunohistochemistry technique was used to measure the expression of cyclin H and CDK7 proteins in proliferative, involuting hemangiomas and normal skin tissues. Immunohistochemical technique for factor VIII-related antigen was used to prove that the cells which expressed cyclin H and CDK7 were endothelial cells. Average optical density and positive area of the expression of cyclin H and CDK7 proteins in proliferative, involuting hemangiomas and normal skin tissues were measured by image analysis (HPIAS-1000).

RESULTS
The expression of cyclin H and CDK7 protein in proliferating hemangiomas was significantly higher than that in involuting hemangiomas and normal skin tissues (P < 0.01). But no significant difference was found in the expression of cyclin H and CDK7 protein between involuting hemangiomas and normal skin tissues (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
cyclin H and CDK7 may play an important role in the generation and development of human hemangiomas.


The paper considers the problem of design and operation of the induction heating system, which includes an induction heating unit (INU), a power supply and electronic control system and is intended for heating metal under deformation. Moreover, the INU is considered in a single complex with equipment for metal pressure treatment (OMD) with the aim of obtaining extreme process and economic indicators of operation of the process complex as a whole. The focus is on the study of deformation of aluminum and its alloys. The paper discusses the most common types of hot deformation — pressing and rolling. Moreover, in the latter case, electric, vibration and acoustic processes are considered simultaneously with electromagnetic and thermal ones. In this case, the emphasis is on power supply of powerful heating complexes enabling rolling and extrusion of large workpieces at 50 Hz INU operating frequency. All theoretical conclusions have been confirmed by experiments at full-scale equipment; physical simulation occurred at 2500 Hz. In relation to continuous operation of INU various designs with discrete and continuous advancement of the blanks, the algorithm provides an optimal control in a standard mode, a maximum productivity and minimum total loss rate for a stationary and transient operation mode of the heating-deformation process respectively.


We explore the notion that variations in cone spectral sensitivities could cause variations in color-name boundaries between individuals. Fifteen observers made color matches to a test stimulus (580 nm) with three primary lights in a visual colorimeter. The same observers took part in two psychophysical experiments to determine the color-naming boundary between two focal colors (yellow and green). In one experiment observers used a slider bar to indicate the boundary; in the other they were presented with a color stimulus and asked to state whether it was yellow or green in a 2afc design. In the case of the 2afc experiment the results indicate some evidence to suggest a correlation in the position of the name boundary and the ratio of red and green lights used in visual color matches.


A new evanescently-coupled uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (EC-UTC PD) based on a multimode diluted waveguide (MDW) structure is fabricated, analysed and characterized. Optical and electrical characteristics of the device are investigated. The excellent characteristics are demonstrated such as a responsivity of 0.36 A/W, a bandwidth of 11.5 GHz and a small-signal 1-dB compression current greater than 18 mA at 10 GHz. The saturation current is significantly improved compared with those of similar evanescently-coupled pin photodiodes. The radio frequency (RF) bandwidth can be further improved by eliminating RF losses induced by the cables, the probe and the bias tee between the photodiode and the spectrum analyzer.


The antihistaminic-antiserotonin actions of 1-methyl-4-(5 -dibenzo[a,e] cycloheptatrienylidine)-piperidine hydrochloride (cyproheptadine) have been demonstrated in several different experimental situations. Antihistaminic activity was revealed by a capacity to anutagonize the vasodepressor effects of histamine in the dog and by an ability to annul the signs of toxicity of aerosohized histamine in guinea pigs. The anuti-serotonin actions of cyproheptadine included an ability to block the vasopressor actions of serotonin in the anesthetized, ganglionic blocking agent treated dog, a capacity to block the spasmogenic effect of serotonin on the isolated rat uterus and an inhibitory effect of the swelling and edema produced by the local injection of serotonin in the hind feet of rats. The inhibitory action against similarly-induced egg white edema probably was related to the basic anti-serotonin actionu of the agent.

The antihistaminic and/or antiserotonin actions of cyproheptadine were compared with similar properties of a variety of other agents, including lysergic acid diethylamide and other simple indole derivatives, chlorpromazine, ehlorpheniramine, pyrilamine, thenalidine, promethazine, trimeprazine, thenylpyramine and diphenhydramine. Under the conditions described for the various comparisons, the antihistaminic action equalled or exceeded that of chlorpheniramine and the antiserotonin activity approached, equalled or exceeded that of lysergic acid diethylamide. Since both of these latter agents are among the most active members of their respective pharmacologic classes, it was evident that cyproheptadine possesses both actions to a relatively high degree.


This article describes the synthesis of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanowires using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The MoS2‐nanowires converts into micro‐flake structures with the help of argon (Ar) plasma for the better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. The MoS2‐nanowires treated by post‐Ar plasma at different time of intervals (20 seconds, 40 seconds, 60 seconds, and 3 minutes). The plasma treatment significantly tailored the structure of pristine MoS2‐nanowires due to which additional active sites were produced at the surface of treated MoS2. A notable HER activity were achieved by plasma‐treated MoS2. To boost the HER activity up to next level, visible light was used at the time of electrocatalysis which enhanced the electrocatalytic activity almost double, which is evident by the low overpotential (190 mV) at current density of 10 mAcm−2.


Over the last decade, there has been increasing awareness of the prevalence of gender-based violence with increasing recognition of its disproportionate impact on vulnerable adults and children [1]. When these vulnerable adults and children may present to services, healthcare professionals have an opportune position to recognize this and act as an agent to signpost these individuals to relevant services. Individuals suffering from gender-based violence prefer practitioners to ask about the possibility of violence as it is easier for them to disclose this in response to the question than to offer the information unprompted [2]. While communication skills are taught to various degrees in medical schools around the country, the authors of this project recognized that many medical schools did not address these issues in these sessions. Consequently, a communication-based skills day was developed that addressed this and offered an opportunity for training and simulation of scenarios.
 These sessions aimed to improve students' confidence in recognizing indicators of abuse and asking individuals if they were subject to forms of violence or abuse.
 A half-day teaching programme was produced for final year medical students. This comprised of a talk on the indicators of gender-based violence, suggestions on how to approach enquiring about gender-based violence and simulation scenarios incorporating gender-based violence. The scenarios were designed to include indicators of violence aforementioned in the talk to enable students to practise question asking.
 Pre- and post-session questionnaires were used, and students were to rate their confidence on a scale of 1–5 of how confident they felt asking these questions and recognizing indicators of violence.
 Twenty-three students partook in the two sessions delivered. Pre-session data suggested that students had received minimal teaching on the indicators of violence. After completion of the sessions, there was a 57% increase in the students' confidence in recognizing a victim of violence and a 51% increase in confidence in asking whether an individual had been subject to violence. Qualitative data suggested that students valued simulation incorporating indicators of violence and opportunity to sensitively enquire if someone had experienced violence. Overall, students felt better equipped to address future scenarios where an individual may have been subject to violence.
 Our teaching session increased the confidence of final-year medical students in recognizing the indicators of violence and their ability to sensitively enquire about any violence that an individual may be subject to.
 Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.


Purpose: Lats2 (Large tumor suppressor 2) , a member of the conserved Lats kinase family, is a human tumor suppressor gene. We previously reported that Lats2 knockout in mice displays embryonic lethality and the MEFs from Lats2 −/− mice causes mitotic defects including centrosome fragmentation and cytokinesis defects associated with nuclear enlargement and multinucleation. DNA damage response (DDR) plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the genome and is crucial for cancer avoidance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Lats2 in DDR, which prevents chromosome instability and malignant progression of human cancer by keeping the chromosome stability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, play an important role in the regulation of gene expression: miRNAs are incorporated into miRNA‐induced silencing complexes (miRISCs), which leads to either cleavage or translational repression of targeted mRNAs. mRNA processing bodies (P‐bodies) are sites where untranslated mRNAs accumulate, and mRNA degradation, translational repression, and mRNA surveillance take place. Methods: We raised two phospho‐specific antibodies against the phosphorylation sites of Lats2 by Chk1 and 14‐3‐3 by Lats2 to analyze the phosphorylation status and localization by Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses. Moreover, we established myc‐tagged U2OS/siLats2 strains that stably expressed Lats2 mutated the phosphorylation site to alanine or aspartic acid, and examined the effects of those on DNA damage signaling pathway. Results: We found that Lats2 is phophorylated by Chk1 and/or Chk2 in response to DNA damage, which induced the phosphorylation of 14‐3‐3 by Lats2. Immunocytochemical analysis using a phospho‐specific antibody against 14‐3‐3 revealed that the phosphorylated 14‐3‐3 localized to the P‐body, and these signals are enhanced in response to DNA damage. We propose here that 14‐3‐3 is a novel regulatory protein for P‐body formation that promotes the miRNA‐mediated gene silencing. Indeed, depletion of 14‐3‐3 or Lats2 reduced the localization to the P‐body of both 14‐3‐3 and a putative P‐body scaffold protein, GW182. Eventually, this pathway regulates the translesion synthesis (TLS), a process that synthesizes DNA across DNA lesion, through p21 translational repression by miRNA. Conclusion: We conclude that Chk1‐Lats2‐14‐3‐3 axis is a novel DNA damage signaling pathway that regulates the P‐body assembly, thereby causing the translational repression of target genes via miRNA. These results provide the first evidence for a mechanism in which the DNA damage response pathway regulates miRNA‐mediated translational repression through P‐body assembly. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B77.


This study investigated social justice from the point of view of school directors, teachers, and parents. We chose two schools that were undergoing major demographic changes because of increased immigration into Catalonia, Spain. They were both classified as "schools of maximum complexity" because of their socio-economic characteristics. The research questions focused on how directors, teachers, and parents give meaning to social justice and what actions they take to achieve it. Teachers and principals adopted practices that have been described in leadership literature as transformational, such as building trust and challenging the process; they only occasionally showed transformative practices like those described by Santamaria (2014) as applied critical leadership (ACL). They were motivated by seeing the needs of migrant families and students with special needs. They seriously considered social cohesion and believed that all students should be given the same opportunities and treated fairly. While these principals wanted to guide teachers to see their work in new ways and develop practices to address the needs of a changing student population, they did not reflect on the connection between day-to-day problems and the larger social system. This critical perspective is essential to ACL.


Context: Technical Debt needs to be managed to avoid disastrous consequences, and investigating developers' habits concerning technical debt management is invaluable information in software development. Objective: This study aims to characterize how developers manage technical debt based on the code smells they induce and the refactorings they apply. Method: We mined a publicly-available Technical Debt dataset for Git commit information, code smells, coding violations, and refactoring activities for each developer of a selected project. Results: By combining this information, we profile developers to recognize prolific coders, highlight activities that discriminate among developer roles (reviewer, lead, architect), and estimate coding maturity and technical debt tolerance.


This article intends to analyse the Hobbesian version of the Christian dogma of the Trinity as it is observed in the corresponding sections of Leviathan, De Cive and Heresy, and alluded to in other texts (controversy with Bramhall). It shall be important to specify: (a) As a starting point, the exact place of such concept within the general problem expressed by the difference between "political theology" and "theologico-political problem" (C. Altini); (b) The main items of the philosopher's Trinitarian exposition as well as his intention while writing it, according to the "secularist", "theistic" and "Divine Omnipotence" interpretations. (J. Overhoff, A. Martinich, P. Springborg, L. Foisneau, F. Lessay, G. Wright); (c) His relationship with the contemporary orthodox currents (Trinitarian) and heterodox currents (antitrinitarian), as well as with the elements from ancient antitrinitarian heresies (subordinationism, modalism, sabellianism).


Abstract In previous studies we obtained evidence that variation in loneliness has a genetic component. Based on adult twin data, the heritability estimate for loneliness, which was assessed as an ordinal trait, was 48%. These analyses were done on loneliness scores averaged over items ('I feel lonely' and 'Nobody loves me') and over time points. In this article we present a longitudinal analysis of loneliness data assessed in 5 surveys (1991 through 2002) in Dutch twins (N = 8389) for the two separate items of the loneliness scale. From the longitudinal growth modeling it was found sufficient to have non-zero variance for the intercept only, while the other effects (linear, quadratic and cubic slope) had zero variance. For the item 'I feel lonely' we observed an increasing age trend up to age 30, followed by a decline to age 50. Heritability for individual differences in the intercept was estimated at 77%. For the item 'Nobody loves me' no significant trend over age was seen; the heritability of the intercept was estimated at 70%.


This paper analyses data from a migration survey of 74 cities and towns completed under the auspices of the Academy of Social Sciences between September and December 1986. The Goldsteins look at differences in sex, age, occupation, duration of residence, origin of in-migrants, and reasons for migration comparing nonmigrants, temporary in-migrants who are not registered and had lived in the city or town for less than one year, and permanently registered in-migrants who are subdivided into those who arrived during 1985-86 and all who had arrived since 1949. A similar analysis is undertaken for out-migrants who were absent from their home for at least one day during 1986 but for less than one year. The results of the tabulations are not particularly surprising. Temporary in-migrants were more likely to be rural peasants and had a higher ratio of unemployed than the recent registered in-migrants. Women migrated more to be with family or for marriage and were more likely not to be registered whereas men were more likely to migrate for economic gain. Male out-migrants were largely workers, cadres and technical personnel. The Goldsteins are aware of some of the shortcomings in the data. For example, only migrants living in households were surveyed, which excluded migrants living at construction sites or in hostels. The authors do not note the possibility of regional bias no cities or towns in Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu or Yunnan were surveyed. This booklet confirms many common assumptions about Chinese migration and indicates areas where our knowledge is incomplete.


Light-echo measurements show that SN 1987A is 425 pc behind the LMC disk. It is continuing to move away from the disk at 18 km s-1. Thus, it has been suggested that SN 1987A was ejected from the LMC disk. However, SN 1987A is a member of a star cluster, so this entire cluster would have to have been ejected from the disk. We show that the cluster was formed in the LMC disk, with a velocity perpendicular to the disk of about 50 km s-1. Such high-velocity formation of a star cluster is unusual, having no known counterpart in the Milky Way.


This study estimated the prevalence of Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail milk-fed veal scallopini pieces obtained from grocery stores in Ontario, Canada. In addition, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. One hundred fifty-three milk-fed veal samples were collected over the course of two sampling phases, January to May 2004 and November 2004 to January 2005. E. coli isolates were recovered from 87% (95% confidence interval, 80.54 to 91.83%) of samples, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on 392 isolates. The prevalence of resistance to one or more antimicrobials was 70% (274 of 392), while the resistance to five or more antimicrobials was 33% (128 of 392). Resistance to ceftiofur (2.8%), ceftriaxone (3.6%), nalidixic acid (12%), and ciprofloxacin (3.8%) alone or in combination was observed. Eighty-five resistance patterns were observed; resistance to tetracycline only (7.4%) was observed most frequently. Individual antimicrobial resistance prevalence levels were compared with grain-fed veal and retail beef data from samples collected in Ontario. In general, resistance to individual antimicrobials was observed more frequently in E. coli isolates from milk-fed veal than in isolates from grain-fed veal and beef. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials and to five or more antimicrobials in E. coli isolates was more frequent in isolates from milk-fed veal than in isolates from grain-fed veal and beef. This study provides baseline data on the occurrence of resistance in E. coli isolates from milk-fed veal that can be compared with data for other commodities. Additionally, E. coli resistance patterns may serve as an indicator of antimicrobial exposure.


The most fundamental concept in designing multi-lane smart electromechanical actuation systems, besides meeting performance requirements, is the realization of high integrity. The main aim of this paper is to provide fundamental consolidation designs schemes in different architectures. The paper will also address other fundamentals that are essential at the design stage, such as force fight (between mismatch lanes) reduction through lane equalization, and threshold settings concepts (scheduled and unscheduled). The analysis is based on a 4-lane actuation system capable of driving aerodynamic and inertial loads (with 2 lanes failed) of an aileron control surface similar to that of the Sea Harrier.


We assessed how well transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images the left pulmonary artery (LPA) in congenital heart disease (CHD). Seventy-nine consecutive patients with CHD were studied. Ideal imaging displayed the mid to distal LPA from the takeoff of the upper lobe artery through the second bifurcation. Imaging quality was graded from 1 (excellent) to 5 (not visualized). Imaging quality was excellent in 8 (10%) patients, good in 25 (32%), fair in 23 (29%), and poor in 12 (15%); the LPA was not visualized in 11 (14%) patients. Imaging grade averaged 2.9 +/- 1.2 (SD) and correlated poorly with weight (r = 0.24) but was better in patients without prior operation (grade 2.8 vs 3.3, P <.05). In 2 patients, TEE showed residual stenosis. Thus informative LPA imaging by TEE can be achieved in many patients with CHD and has the potential to change intraoperative or postoperative treatment.


In 1994, Scinto et al. reported hypersensitivity in the pupil-dilation response to topical application of a cholinergic antagonist, tropicamide, in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. Similar tests on Japanese subjects showed significant differences in pupil response between subjects with Alzheimer-type dementia (under age 70 years) and age-matched controls. The present study included 24 patients with early-onset Alzheimer-type dementia, 29 patients with late-onset Alzheimer-type dementia, 15 healthy controls (all spouse of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia), 9 patients with vascular dementia and 5 patients with Down's syndrome. After adapting to semi-darkness (10 lux), a solution of tropicamide (Midrin-P, Santen Co, Ltd) was instilled into the right eye. Pupil diameters were measured every 5 to 10 min, and the maximum pupil diameter for each eye was used in the data analysis. The solution was diluted until the tropicamide concentration reached 0.01%. Pupil diameters were measured, and differences between baseline and maximum pupil diameter were computed. Among 18 patients with early-onset Alzheimer-type dementia (mean age 63.9 years) the pupils dilated by 1.12 +/- 0.52 mm (mean +/- SD) as compared with 0.20 +/- 0.75 mm in 7 age-matched controls (mean age 57.8 years); this difference was significant (T-test, p < 0.05). Correlations between the degrees of pupillary dilation and the scores on the revised version of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale were not significant. These data suggest that in subjects under 70 years of age, the diagnostic methods described by Scinto et al. can be used to distinguish those with Alzheimer-type dementia from those without dementia, but those methods may not be effective in subjects over 70 years of age.


High-resolution remote-sensing image classification is a challenging task. In this letter, we first propose a bag-of-features (BOF) model-based classification framework for high-resolution remote-sensing images via Earth mover's distance (EMD) to perform histogram matching. Compared with conventional BOF, EMD-based BOF is insensitive to vector quantization and can explore the relations among visual codes. In addition, such relations can be utilized as a key discriminative feature for image classification task. However, EMD is not practically utilized because of expensive computational cost. Motivated by Pele and Werman, we propose a faster approximate EMD (AEMD), and our AEMD-based BOF can inherit the advantages of EMD. Experimental results on a multicategory remote-sensing image data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our classification framework.


The present study aims to problematize the emergence of natural cuisine in contemporary times based on an ethnography dedicated to the corporeity of holistic therapeutic practice, and its requirement for a specific natural diet. It is presented a small clipping which aims to account for a modern socially structured culinary context in the figure of the chef who is the central character in the historical process of naturalization of animal protein in the human palate and in the de-substantialization of the female soul. The redefinition proposed by natural kitchen plays an important role in the understanding of complex human body sensitivity to the modern carnivorism, experimented throughout the alternative practices (healing and alimentation) performed at the therapeutic center. The non-governmental institution "AFYA – women therapeutic center" located in Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brasil, symbolizes the effort for recognition of the emancipation of the female body, evidencing cooking site as a special locality for re-enchantment of the female body, based on the legitimacy of vegetarianism as empowering device to resignification of feminine soul. DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2016.16025


The mechanism for ethanol-induced oxidative stress has been disputed because of the controversies on modulation of radical generating and scavenging activities by ethanol. In the present work, we attempted to clarify the acute effect of ethanol on the radical generating system as well as the radical scavenging system. For that purpose, chow-fed rats were given ethanol (5 g/kg) or isocaloric glucose solution by intragastric intubation and placed at 32 degrees C for 6 hr. Acute ethanol administration enhanced the expression of cytochrome P450 II E1(CYP II E1) in the liver and attenuated the activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GR). It also caused a significant increase in the level of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, acute ethanol feeding had no effect on the activities of catalase, xanthine oxidase (XO), glutathione transferase (GST) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). From this result, it is suggested that acute ethanol administration causes the oxidative tissue damage by CYP II E1-associated radical generation and the decreased radical scavenging function due to the reduced activities of hepatic glutathione recycling system such as GPx and GR.


During the night of 27–8 December the Nautilus left the shores of Vanikoro at extraordinary speed. It headed south-west and within three days covered the 750 leagues from La Pérouse Island* to the south-eastern tip of New Guinea.
 Very early on 1 January 1868,...


This study investigates whether the European Union's funding of civil society organizations (CSOs) can foster equal access to existing channels of participation. This is analyzed by using data from 7,889 CSOs that are registered in the EU Transparency Register. Two criteria should be met for funding to combat inequalities among CSOs: the funding must support underrepresented interests, and it must increase their participation in the policy process. The results of a logistic regression analysis show that the Commission's funding scheme does support underrepresented interests but makes participation more unequal by also supporting already overrepresented groups. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the probability of a CSO having access to formal channels of participation significantly increases if it has received funding. The conclusion is that funding could be used more efficiently if the Commission were to consistently support underrepresented interests.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The nettle is an herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Urticaceae that has been used for centuries against a variety of diseases. Thanks to its high content of nutriments and bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the curative effect of nettle decoction on dimethoate-induced changes in locomotors activity and anxiety reaction in male rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This experiment was conducted in two stages with 60 healthy male rats that were divided into three groups of 20 rats A, B and C. In the first phase, the treatment groups B and C received dimethoate dissolved in corn oil by gavage at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 b.wt., for 5 weeks. During the same period, the control group A received corn oil. Locomotors activity was controlled by the Open Field (OF), anxiogenic behavior was verified by the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). For the second phase the group A had kept its control position, the group B was maintained without any treatment to remind the extent of intoxication and was served as second control. Group C received a nettle decoction of 2 mL 100 mg-1 b.wt., for 30 days.

RESULTS
The result showed that at the open field level, dimethoate decreased significantly both of the total number of squares crossed by intoxicated rats and the number of elevations. At the EPM level, dimethoate decreased both of the time spent in open arms and the number of entries into the open arms. These results reveal that dimethoate affects the anxiety and mobility of intoxicated rats. On the other hand, the use of nettle decoction as a treatment significantly improved the anxiety level and motor activity of poisoned rats.

CONCLUSION
Dimethoate has an anxiogenic effect on intoxicated rats, as well as a remarkable decrease in their locomotor activity. The use of nettle decoction as a treatment has significantly improved dimethoate induced behavioral and motor disorders.


We report an experimental demonstration of a photonic microwave shifter using a highly chirped mode-locked fiber laser. The system is based on dispersive compression or expansion of highly chirped optical pulses that are amplitude modulated by the microwave signal. Using this technique, we demonstrated frequency shifting of a microwave signal from 10 GHz down to 5 GHz and up to 25 GHz.


The main thrust of fourth generation (4G) research worldwide is dedicated towards spectrally efficient systems. This paper addresses a novel modulation technique and multiple access schemes named dynamic band selection multi-carrier code division multiple accesses (DBS/MC-CDMA) and compared with BER performances with conventional multi-carrier code division multiple accesses (MC-CDMA) in multi-path Rayleigh fading channels. The DBS/MC-CDMA technique, applied to mobile communication systems, offers enhanced BER performances and flexibility relative to MC-CDMA. Specifically, proposed system minimizes the multiple access interference and achieves the dynamic band selection capability among the users in a cell. Simulation results show the better BER performance than MC-CDMA for the same channel conditions and the same number of users in a cell.


OBJECTIVE
The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread, man-made, persistent organic pollutant with high immunotoxic potentials. It suppresses cell-mediated and humoral immune responses through mechanisms dependent on aryl-hydrocarbon receptor expression and immunosuppressive activity of the cells. Most sensitive to TCDD are organisms during fetal and infant life, mostly due to the developmental stage of many biological systems of the host, including immune system. Recent data show that T regulatory cells that have the potential to suppress immune reactions and which develop after TCDD exposure are also responsible for protection from allergy development. Our goal was to investigate if perinatal exposure to TCDD can affect allergic sensitisation and if T reg cells participate in this phenomenon.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mice, Balb/c, were perinatally exposed to TCDD or to the carrier. Six weeks old control or exposed mice were sensitised with ovalbumin. Spleen cells of the animals were used to assess the content of T reg cells by means of flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA technique in supernatants of the cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody. As a measure of sensitisation, total IgE and anti-OVA IgE were measured in serum of mice by ELISA method. To assess the function of T reg cells isolated from OVA-sensitised control or TCDD exposed animals we performed transfer studies.

RESULTS
Here we show that perinatal exposure to TCDD decreases allergic sensitisation and that this process is related to inhibition of IL-4 synthesis rather than suppression mediated by T regulatory cells.

CONCLUSION
We hypothesise that dioxin exposure can be an important environmental modulator of immunological responses that participate in allergic reactions.


The purpose of this report is to numerically compare several tests that are applicable to longitudinal data when the experiment contains a large number of treatments or experimental conditions. Such data are increasingly common as technology advances. Of interest is to evaluate if there is any significant main effect of treatment or time, and their interactions. Traditional methods such as linear mixed-effects models (LME), generalized estimating equations (GEE), Wilks' lambda, Hotelling-Lawley, and Pillai's multivariate tests were developed under either parametric distributional assumptions or the assumption of large number of replications. A few recent tests, such as Zhang (2008), Bathke & Harrar (2008), and Bathke & Harrar (2008) were specially developed for the setting of large number of treatments with possibly small replications. In this report, I will present some numerical studies regarding these tests. Performance of these tests will be presented for data generated from several distributions.


The lower Danian bryozoan mounds exposed in the cliff at Karlby are described. Analyses of some sixty samples taken from a single mound reveal that the limestone is composed of about 30% of bryozoan fragments in a fine grained matrix. The texture and the grain-size distribution show that two distinct sedimentary facies can be recognized: (1) the northwestern flank and the basins with fine bryozoan fragments, a relatively small amount of matrix, and grain-supported texture; (2) the southeastern flank and the summit with coarse bryozoans, a larger amount of matrix and partly mud-supported texture.

It is shown that the differences in the size of the bryozoan fragments are due to adaptations to changes in the water-movement rather than a result of significant transport. Thus, currents were roughly from the southeast producing more agitated water on the southeast flank and the summit and more gentle water on the northwest flank and in the basins. The unusual relationship between the velocity of the water-movement and the sedimentary facies is caused by an influence of the bryozoans on the depositional environment. On the southeast flank the higher current velocity favoured the growth of bryozoans, resulting in a relatively dense cover that was able to trap and bind the matrix. On the northwest flank the currents were slower and less favourable for growth, and the ability of the bryozoans to bind the sediment was correspondingly smaller.


Metabolomics has showed to be a promising tool in the diagnosis of several respiratory infections by using urine samples. However, metabolomic studies have not been explored enough to assess tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis with such samples.

The aim of the work was to study the metabolomic profile in urine samples through Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (NMR) with the objective of detecting metabolic changes due to the presence of the disease, and identifying urine biomarkers that help us in tuberculosis diagnosis.

147 individuals were studied and classified in three groups: healthy controls (n=31), latently infected individuals (n=18) and TB patients (n=98). A urine sample was collected from each individual, and analysed by proton NMR spectroscopy. For each urine sample, a one-dimensional spectrum was obtained, whose data were analysed with MestreNova software. Afterwards, Metabonomics was used to perform a statistical multivariate analysis to identify spectrum regions candidates to contain biomarkers for TB. The identification of these metabolites was studied with Chenomx software, what require a two-dimensional NMR analysis from urine.

The statistical multivariate analysis (Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) show that a statistical significance between NMR spectrum from TB patients and the other groups studied (p<0.00001) exist. Therefore, the urine metabolic pattern in TB patients is different than the one from non-TB patients. When analyse the spectral regions where such differences were found, a total of 20 metabolites were identified.

The obtained results suggest that the study of the metabolomic profile in urine is a potential tool for TB diagnosis.


Mechanical ventilation is associated with significant increases in the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). The rate of AKI due to mechanical ventilation and the associated mortality remain unacceptably high. Preventative and therapeutic strategies are clearly lacking. Ventilator-induced kidney injury is believed to occur due to changes in hemodynamics that impair renal perfusion, neurohumoral-mediated alterations in intra-renal blood flow, and systemic inflammatory mediators generated by ventilator-induced lung injury. The risk of injury to the kidney by these mechanisms may be modified by open lung protective ventilation with low tidal volumes and high positive end expiratory pressure. However, these strategies may also increase the risk of injury in some settings, and clinicians have limited means to identify the optimal ventilator strategy for each specific patient. Novel urinary biomarkers have demonstrated the ability to predict AKI prior to classic clinical signs such as decreased urine output and increased creatinine. These biomarkers may serve as an early indication to intensivists of an injurious ventilator strategy and failure of traditional management.


Autologous adrenal medullary tissue was transplanted unilaterally to the putamen in two patients with severe Parkinson's disease. The first patient exhibited a transient, two‐day improvement of motor performance in the limbs contralateral to the implantation site. He also had significantly longer episodes of normal function for about two months. The second patient reported a minor improvement of balance and gait, again lasting for two months. Electrophysiological studies of the motor readiness and auditory evoked potentials were consistent with increased catecholaminergic activity in the basal ganglia after transplantation in both patients. Positron emission tomography showed no postoperative alteration of receptor density in the putamen. No significant adverse effects of the transplantation were observed in the patients' performance on neurological and psychological tests or in their quantitative electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow recordings. Immediately after the grafting, one patient showed transient signs of sympathetic hyperactivity, probably caused by release of catecholamines from the implanted tissue into the peripheral circulation. We conclude that catecholamine‐rich cellular implants in the basal ganglia have transient beneficial effects in patients with severe Parkinson's disease.


The numerous reefs outcropping in the region around Formosa, Ontario, have been previously considered by various authors as equivalent to the Alpena limestone of Michigan, the Delaware limestone of Ohio, the Onondaga limestone of New York, and the Detroit River group of southwestern Ontario, southeastern Michigan, and northwestern Ohio. Outcrop and subsurface lithostratigraphic evidence indicates that the last correlation is correct. By means of detailed taxonomic study of the Formosa reef fauna an attempt was made to confirm this evidence paleontologically. One hundred twenty-eight species and subspecies have been identified and illustrated of which 31 species and 2 subspecies are new, 35 have been previously described, and 59 cannot be positively identified because of poor preservation. Sixty-six percent of the previously described species and subspecies are of Onondagan age (=Bois Blanc, Detroit River, and Columbus), 16% occur in both the Onondagan and Hamilton, and 16% were heretofore known only from the Hamilton. Of the Onondagan species only 4 are known to be restricted to the Detroit River group; all 4 occur in the Amherstburg dolomite which suggests a correlation of the Formosa reef limestone with the Amherstburg.


The use of technology and its' providing information allows the elderly to face more easily the difficulties of modern life, trespassing the limits of their social and emotional isolation, thus achieving a more qualitative living. The purpose of this research was to explore whether the elderly were familiar with modern technology. Material and Method: The sample studied consisted of 300 people, 65-85 years old. Collection of data was conducted by the completion of an anonymous questionnaire. Analysis of data was performed using the SPSS 15 statistical package and one-way ANOVA x2-test, and t-tests were applied for the statistical process. Results: Οf the 300 individuals studied, 134 were men and 166 women. 79.7% were in the age group of 65 to 74 years. All respondents reported that they used everyday appliances. In detail, 94% of women used machines that help in household tasks such as washing machines, 98.5% iron, whereas the 98.8% of men preferred watching television. Regarding the use of ATM machines, women faced more difficulties with a statistical significant difference, compared to men, p


UV and gamma irradiation of Rhizobium trifolii, strains 347a and 311a, produced their mutants with changed antigenic properties and effectiveness. The extent of changes of antigens did not depend on the dose of irradiation because mutants that completely lost antigens typical of the parent strains were obtained at different doses of UV and gamma rays. No correlation was established between the antigenic properties of the mutants of Rhizobium trifolii and their effectiveness.


The cumulative phantasy of literary inherited in the contemporary Iraqi theatre's texts composes important pivot and a literary cultural phenomena has its' distinguished presence in the Iraqi theatre represented by inspiration of literary inherited and urging the collective memory by aesthetic and conceptual frames via works of dramatic processing by shifting central structures and their time-place and structural transformations in the theatrical text. The research consists of four chapters, first chapter tackled with the methodical frame and included the research's problem that is specified by the following question: ((What is the cumulative phantasy of literary inherited and how was employed in the contemporary Iraqi theatre's text?)). The research concerned with knowing the special and general frames of the cumulative phantasy of literary inherited concept and knowing also their cognitive paths, references and innovative producing tools according to cognitive time's evidences to arise the viewer's memory and rooting the cultural identity. The research aims to briefing the cumulative phantasy of literary inherited in the contemporary theatrical text. The research's limits included studying the cumulative phantasy of literary inherited in the contemporary Iraqi theatrical texts for the period (1965-2005) also first chapter included the terms and defining them also. While the second chapter consists of three sections, first one was about phantasy philosophy and its' conceptual concepts, second section was about the phantasy and its' psychological concept, third section was about phantasy and its' representations in the Arabian theatrical literary inherited. Third chapter included research's procedures of a population included (15) theatrical texts, sample consisted of two theatrical texts, choosing was by intentional method whereas conforms with the research's subject and achieving the required goal represented by (Almiftah) for Yousif Al-Ani and the play (Al-Layali Al-Sumariyah) for the writer (Lutfiyah Al-Dulaimi). The researcher considered the depicting method to analyze the research's sample, she relied on the indications of theoretical frame in analyzing. Fourth chapter included results and conclusions, some of them are: 1. Text were featured with drama structure based on inspiration of the inherited and reproduce it by contrast according to the…. Of the phantasy, cumulative of the literary public inherited via shifting techniques, symbols and interpretations of indications. 2. Writers' phantasy added manifestations of public and national identity and its' structures sublimation by its' limits, historical and inherited evidences, permanence and existence by opening the eras. 3. Parallel and harmonic employment that express the inherited characters with a contemporary visions


We propose a novel end-to-end deep learning framework, capable of 3D human shape reconstruction from a 2D image without the need of a 3D prior parametric model. We employ a "prior-less" representation of the human shape using unordered point clouds. Due to the lack of prior information, comparing the generated and ground truth point clouds to evaluate the reconstruction error is challenging. We solve this problem by proposing an Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) function to find the optimal mapping between point clouds. Our experimental results show that we are able to obtain a visually accurate estimation of the 3D human shape from a single 2D image, with some inaccuracy for heavily occluded parts.


This study aims to analyze and provide empirical evidence of the influence of capital structure towards profitability. The analysis used independent variable of capital structure. The independent variable proxied with Short-term Debt to asset (STD), Long-term Debt to asset (LTD), and Total Debt to asset (TDA). The dependent variable is profitability. Return on Equity (ROE) is used to measured profitability. The sample used in this research was the secondary data from annual report of Manufacturing companies which listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia in 2009-2011. The sample was taken using the method of purposive sampling, and those meeting the selection criteria were also taken. The sample used was of 245 companies. The statistic method used was multiplied analysis linear regression with hypothesis testing of statistic t and F test. The results of research show that variables LTD does not have a significant relationship to profitability. While the STD and TDA variables have a negative relationship to profitability of manufacturing companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia over period 2009-2011.


A method is proposed to built up plasma based on a nonlinear enhancement phenomenon of plasma density with discharge by multiple internal antennas simultaneously. It turns out that the plasma density under multiple sources is higher than the linear summation of the density under each source. This effect is helpful to reduce the fast exponential decay of plasma density in single internal inductively coupled plasma source and generating a larger-area plasma with multiple internal inductively coupled plasma sources. After a careful study on the balance between the enhancement and the decay of plasma density in experiments, a plasma is built up by four sources, which proves the feasibility of this method. According to the method, more sources and more intensive enhancement effect can be employed to further build up a high-density, large-area plasma for different applications.


This review highlights examples of recent applications of both the radical-mediated and base/nucleophile-initiated thiol-ene reactions in polymer and materials synthesis. Initial discussion focuses on mechanistic aspects of these reactions and also notes some of the structural considerations, with respect to reactants, that should be considered when practising such chemistries. The review is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to serve as an illustration of the impressive versatility and clear potential of these thiol-based "click" reactions and to highlight examples demonstrating its broad utility.


The Pennsylvanian System of north-central Texas records oscillating positions of deltas prograding out over muddy marine shelves, adjacent to more distal clear-water marine areas. Invertebrate faunas in the muddy marine habitat migrated in response to these oscillations. The shell of Glabrocingulum , a common gastropod in mud-bottom faunas, shows no morphological response within a cycle to the change in physical conditions during the approach of a prograding delta over the period of tens of thousands of years. An evolutionary split in the genus is seen at the base of Missourian strata; both species continue together through the Upper Pennsylvanian in this area. This split can only be seen among different cycles of sedimentation, which are separated from each other in time by hundreds of thousands of years represented in the stratigraphic record only by unconformities. The longer-term among-cycle history may not be the result of gradually accumulating change in large parent populations. Divergences may be associated with the abrupt habitat changes that punctuate the fossil record.


Temporary outages in IP packet delivery can occur during network reconvergence events, and conventional error-control methods that end points use can't effectively deal with such extended blocks of packet loss. Service providers can employ a number of network technologies to minimize the IP packet loss during such outages, ultimately resulting in lossless video transport.


The premise of this work, in a vein similar to predictive inference with quantile regression, is that observations may lie far away from their conditional expectation. In the context of causal inference, due to the missing-ness of one outcome, it is difficult to check whether an individual's treatment effect lies close to its prediction given by the estimated Average Treatment Effect (ATE) or Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE). With the aim of augmenting the inference with these estimands in practice, we further study an existing distribution-free framework for the plug-in estimation of bounds on the probability an individual benefits from treatment (PIBT), a generally inestimable quantity that would concisely summarize an intervention's efficacy if it could be known. Given the innate uncertainty in the target population-level bounds on PIBT, we seek to better understand the margin of error for the estimation of these target parameters in order to help discern whether estimated bounds on treatment efficacy are tight (or wide) due to random chance or not. In particular, we present non-asymptotic guarantees to the estimation of bounds on marginal PIBT for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) setting. We also derive new non-asymptotic results for the case where we would like to understand heterogeneity in PIBT across strata of pre-treatment covariates, with one of our main results in this setting making strategic use of regression residuals. These results, especially those in the RCT case, can be used to help with formal statistical power analyses and frequentist confidence statements for settings where we are interested in inferring PIBT through the target bounds under minimal parametric assumptions.


OBJECTIVE
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with sepsis, with poor prognosis and high mortality. The pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) is closely related to renal hemodynamic abnormalities, inflammatory injury and adaptive mechanism. It is insufficient for previous criteria based on urine output and creatinine to the early diagnosis of SAKI. The emergence of new biomarkers may make up for deficiencies in early diagnosis. And significant progress has also been made in the treatment of SAKI. The aim of this article was to review the researches on pathophysiology, early diagnosis and treatment of SAKI and provides some help for clinical staff to understand SAKI.


The interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium (LISM) is attracting increasing interest, thanks to the possibility that the Voyager spacecraft may, in the not too distant future, cross the termination shock. This has spurred the development of increasingly sophisticated models which attempt to describe the large-scale structure of the heliosphere. In this review, we describe recent results obtained by a variety of groups engaged in modelling the large-scale interaction of the solar wind with the LISM. This includes 2D and 3D gas dynamic models, MHD models, and the role of interstellar neutrals.


This paper proposes to enrich RBMT dictionaries with Named Entities (NEs) automatically acquired from Wikipedia. The method is applied to the Apertium English‐Spanish system and its performance compared to that of Apertium with and without handtagged NEs. The system with automatic NEs outperforms the one without NEs, while results vary when compared to a system with handtagged NEs (results are comparable for Spanish!English but slightly worst for English!Spanish). Apart from that, adding automatic NEs contributes to decreasing the amount of unknown terms by more than 10%.


In this study, an isolate of E coli E2 isolated from diarrhea gave the upmost production level of lectin by microscopic glass slide and microtiter plate methods. The results revealed that human erythrocytes O+ gave hem agglutination activities with all E coli isolates and sheep erythrocyte gave hem agglutination activities with all isolates but with lower activity and the isolate coli E2 appeared higher hem agglutination level with O+ blood group by both methods. Purification of the lectin was achieved by45% saturation ammonium sulfate followed by affinity ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE -cellulose column with a yield of 10%, specific activity 754,477 and a purification fold of 6.059.  Thirteen isolates  of  P. agglomerans were isolated  from blood specimens from infants patients with blood stream infections and surface swab in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)  in  Child's Central Teaching Hospital in Baghdad ,that showed resistance to cefazolin, cefepime,cefotaxime,gentamicin and ampicillin-sulbactum in different ratio while Purified lectin with concentration 200 µg/ml had antibacterial activity against clinical and environmental bacteria  more than other concentration and crud lectin .  Keywords: Pantoea  agglomerans , Lectin,  Antibacterial activity.


BACKGROUND: Both enhanced SPARC expression and the loss of p53 tumor suppressor gene are changes that occur early in glioma development. Both SPARC and p53 regulate glioma cell survival by inverse effects on apoptotic signaling. Therefore, during glioma formation, the upregulation of SPARC may cooperate with the loss of p53 to enhance cell survival and inhibit apoptosis. This study determined whether the loss of Sparc in astrocytes that are null for p53 would result in reduced cell survival and tumor formation and increased tumor immunogenicity in an in vivo xenograft brain tumor model. METHODS: p53-null and Sparc-null mice were bred to obtain heterozygotes. These were crossed to obtain p53-null/Sparc-null neonates, which served as the source of p53-null/Sparc-null astrocytes for comparison to genetically-matched, control p53-null/Sparc-WT astrocytes. In vitro, Sparc loss was assessed using colony formation in soft agar, proliferation assay, flow cytometry, and Annexin V analysis. Orthotopic xenograft implantation was used to assess Sparc loss on tumor growth, proliferation, collagen deposition, and macrophage/microglia recruitment. RESULTS: In vitro, Sparc loss in p53-null astrocytes resulted in increased cell proliferation (2.7-fold; p < 0.01), but decreased cell survival (WT = 7.2% vs. null = 18.56% apoptotic cells) and a longer cell cycle recovery (2 days) after serum-withdrawal. Furthermore, Sparc loss suppressed growth in soft agar. Histomorphological analysis of CD68 and PAS ± diastase staining of tumor sections demonstrated that Sparc loss promoted macrophage/microglial activation (day 7 = 1.35-fold and day 50 = 1.93-fold; p < 0.001) and phagocytic morphology, respectively. At 7 days, Sparc-null tumors had decreased tumor cell survival, proliferation (MIB-1 for WT = 7.1% vs. null = 0.1%; p = 0.0345), and reduced tumor size (WT = 0.839 mm2 vs. null = 0.199 mm2; p = 0.0091). In addition, Sparc loss altered collagen deposition (WT = collagen bundles vs. null = long fiber structure). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that Sparc loss significantly reduced the ability of p53-null astrocytes to recover from stress in vitro, and to survive and proliferate in vivo. This inability to grow in vivo was associated with an increase in macrophage/microglial activation and phagocytosis. Therefore, we conclude that the loss of p53 in the early stages of glioma formation may cooperate with the induction of SPARC to potentiate cancer cell survival and escape from immune surveillance. We propose that in the background of p53 loss/mutation, therapeutically suppressing SPARC alone, or in combination with other therapies, should promote the ability of patient's immune system to eradicate the tumor. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Immunobiology & Immunotherapy.


The quantity S(E1) defined by Hausser (1973) is calculated for 6,7Li using a harmonic oscillator description of these nuclei. The centre-of-mass problem is treated exactly and all the dipole strength is considered. It is found that S(E1) depends mainly on the residual interaction splitting the giant dipole resonance. Previous treatments based on single-particle and cluster descriptions are discussed.


There is a growing interest for providing interactive graphics also on mobile devices like PDAs, Smartphones, etc. Right now mobile devices are very limited concerning graphical resources basically only simple 2D rasterization operations are available, that run completely on the main CPU of the device. The desire to have more complex 3D graphics on these devices often results in a remote rendering solution. Classical remote rendering solutions produce the final images on a server and transfer these to the client device over a wired or nonwired network. We present an alternative method to the image-based approach by splitting the rendering process between client and server transfering couple of 2D line primitives over the network, which are rendered locally by the mobile device