This study aims to: (1) describe the Islamic values in film "Children of Heaven" and (2) determine its relevance to character education. The research design is an inferential content analysis. The entirely data are derived from the film "Children of Heaven" while its research instrument is the human instrument. The data obtained from recording the Islamic values found in the film then and the data procurement measures include: (1) the determination of the examples Islamic values contained in the film, (2) recording, and (3) determination of the units. Data validation was done by means of doing discussion to those findings to some experts and peers. Data analysis technique used in the research is to classify, interpret, and conclude. The results showed that; (1) Islamic values consist of two categories: (a) Islamic values associated with character education of children in the family such as patience, mutual help, humility, simplicity, birul walidain (devoted to parents), sincerity, mutual affection-love, qonaah (grateful), not easy to despair, and compliance in religion, whereas (b) Islamic values associated with formal education (school) is the spirit of being a hard student, self-discipline, independent, honest, and an ability in getting the problem solving. (2) There is a great relevance between the values contained in the film "Children of Heaven" to the character education such as religious value, honest, discipline, well-motivated students, loyal, independent, and enable to set the problem solving.


Abstract. The Kapuas River delta is a unique estuary system on the west coast of Borneo Island, Indonesia. Its hydrodynamics is driven by an interplay between storm surges, tides, and rivers discharge. These interactions are likely to be exacerbated by global warming, leading to more frequent compound flooding in the area. The mechanisms driving compound flooding events in the Kapuas River Delta remain, however, poorly known. Here we attempt to fill this gap by assessing the interactions between river discharges, tides, and storm surges and how they can drive a compound inundation over the riverbanks, particularly within Pontianak, the main city along the Kapuas River. We simulated these interactions using the multi-scale hydrodynamic model SLIM. Our model correctly reproduces the Kapuas River's hydrodynamics and its interactions with tides and storm surge from the Karimata Strait. We considered several extreme scenario test cases to evaluate the impact of tide-storm-discharge interactions on the maximum water level profile from the river mouth to the upstream part of the river. Based on the maximum water level profiles, we could divide the main branch of the Kapuas River's stream into three zones, i.e., the tidally-dominated region (from the river mouth to about 4 km upstream), the mixed-energy region (from about 4 km to about 30 km upstream) and the river-dominated region (beyond 30 km upstream). Thus, the local water management can define proper mitigation for handling compound flooding hazards along the riverbanks by using this zoning category. The model also successfully reproduced a compound inundation event in Pontianak, which occurred on 29 December 2018. For this event, the wind-generated surge appeared to be the dominant trigger.


The fat embolism syndrome is an important complication of patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies because of severe morbidity and mortality. Our recent experience with three cases that survived with intensive supportive care and prompt use of transfusion stimulates this review. A high index of suspicion, prompt use of diagnostic tools, and aggressive clinical management are the keys to a successful outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 79:61–67, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Background: Influenza infection is a serious event for patients with heart failure (HF). Little knowledge exists about the association between influenza vaccination and outcome in patients with HF. This study sought to determine whether influenza vaccination is associated with improved long-term survival in patients with newly diagnosed HF. Methods: We performed a nationwide cohort study including all patients who were >18 years of age and diagnosed with HF in Denmark in the period of January 1, 2003, to June 1, 2015 (n=134 048). We collected linked data using nationwide registries. Vaccination status, number, and frequency during follow-up were treated as time-varying covariates in time-dependent Cox regression. Results: Follow-up was 99.8% with a median follow-up time of 3.7 years (interquartile range, 1.7–6.8 years). The vaccination coverage of the study cohort ranged from 16% to 54% during the study period. In unadjusted analysis, receiving ≥1 vaccinations during follow-up was associated with a higher risk of death. After adjustment for inclusion date, comorbidities, medications, household income, and education level, receiving ≥1 vaccinations was associated with an 18% reduced risk of death (all-cause: hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.81–0.84; P<0.001; cardiovascular causes: hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.81–0.84; P<0.001). Annual vaccination, vaccination early in the year (September to October), and greater cumulative number of vaccinations were associated with larger reductions in the risk of death compared with intermittent vaccination. Conclusions: In patients with HF, influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of both all-cause and cardiovascular death after extensive adjustment for confounders. Frequent vaccination and vaccination earlier in the year were associated with larger reductions in the risk of death compared with intermittent and late vaccination.


Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Great tit Parus major was sequenced used polymerase chain reaction (PCR), long-and-accurate PCR and directly sequencing by primer walking. The Genbank accession was KP137624. The entire mitochondrial genome of P. major is a circular molecule of 16,776 bp in length and the content of A, T, C and G were 29.68%, 22.63%, 33.56% and 14.13%, respectively. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. major contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, plus 1 control regions and was similar to most of the other Aves birds in gene arrangement and composition. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. major could provide a useful data for resolving phylogenetic relationship problems related to Parus and P. major subspecies complex.


The calculation of absolute intensities of γ-rays arising from (e+β+) decay is introduced briefly. Some examples are given to illustrate their applications. And some discussions are also made in the text.


Aiming at the selection of accessions to compose a core collection of maize, were sampled access introduced and improved of Active Germplasm Bank at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, located in Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. The sampling strategy was based in multivariate analysis, and adopted a sampling rate of 20% of accesses. Stratification of introduced accessions was in according with the country of origin, place of assessment and type of grain. For improved access was considered mainly the type of grain and the institution responsible for improvement of access. There is a need to perform the characterization and evaluation of many introduced and improved. It was possible to observe the existence of genetic variability among accessions. The plant height and thousand grain weight were the main contributors to the discrimination of genotypes. The combined use of the method of Tocher and as dissimilarity measure the Euclidian distance reversed and graphic dispersion analysis based on the first three principal components was effective. It was possible the selection of accessions to compose a core collection of maize based on multivariate analysis from the characterization and evaluation data.


This technical note proposes a decentralized-partial-consensus optimization (DPCO) problem with inequality constraints. The partial-consensus matrix originating from the Laplacian matrix is constructed to tackle the partial-consensus constraints. A continuous-time algorithm based on multiple interconnected recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is derived to solve the optimization problem. In addition, based on nonsmooth analysis and Lyapunov theory, the convergence of continuous-time algorithm is further proved. Finally, several examples demonstrate the effectiveness of main results.


The risk of a future catastrophic earthquake has never achieved the level of public concern accorded to such issues as crime, health care, economic conditions, or even pornography. This lack of concern might be explained as a function of our inability to control the geophysical processes that produce earthquakes. Yet a sociological theory of risk questions such a direct connection between physical forces and social reality, because human beings, not nature, create beliefs about risks. This examination of one type of risk, the threat of future catastrophic earthquakes, concentrates for the first time on the individuals and actions that result in the creation of risk, that is, the risk promoters and the process of promoting risk. It uses social constructionist theory to study claims-makers, the claims-making process, and the outcome of claims-making activities.


The study explored the experiences of young adults who have a sibling with cerebral palsy living in Nairobi, Kenya in order to establish how they made sense out of the experience of growing up with a sibling with CP. The study used a qualitative approach with an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) whereby six participants all young adults aged between eighteen and twenty four years, were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was undertaken according to IPA guidelines. The findings generated four super ordinate themes namely: increased sense of reward, emotional impact, family relationships and public relations. The findings revealed that there was a direct impact on sense of psychological well-being both negatively and positively. On one hand, the young adults experienced feelings of stigma, fear about the future, anger and a sense of responsibility. While on the other hand they experienced personal growth in terms of a sense of personal development and some concrete rewards. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the potential for personal development in the group studied and made a contribution to understanding the disabling impact of society on the lives of sibling due to disability by association.


We report the easternmost record for the field rat Oligoryzomys fornesi in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil extending the range of the species. The specimens were found in owl pellets collected in caves. This is the first record of O . fornesi in the municipalities of Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas and Cordisburgo, a karst transition zone between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biome.


This study aims to analyze the influence of Relationship Marketing And Relationship Quality On Customer Loyalty.  Maintaining customer loyalty is needed in the company, but the most important thing is how the company's efforts in conducting relationship marketing (marketing relationship) and relationship quality (quality relationship) in realizing customer loyalty (customer) at Bank Muamalat. This study used the quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis with 100 respondents using the slovin formula. The results showed that the relationship marketing variable X1 calculated t value  (2,979) > table t value  (1,986) which means that relationship marketing has a positive effect on variable Y (customer loyalty).  The variable relationship quality X2 value t count (2.586) > value t table (1.986) which means that relationship quality (X2) has a positive effect on the variable customer loyalty (Y) with a significant level of 0.011 < 0.05. obtained acalculated F value  of 31.024 > Ftable of 3.09 so that the value then F0 is rejected and F 1 received with a significant 0.000 < 0.05 (which is determined), it can be interpreted that together there is a significant influence between relationship marketing and relationship quality on customer loyalty.


Bioacoustics concerns the analysis of sound produced by animals. It is an important part of conservation research as it is non-intrusive, yet has the potential to inform wildlife managers about the species present in an area. Acoustic recordings units (ARUs) are often used to record the soundscape of an area. Following post-processing, these recordings can be analysed statistically to estimate call rate abundance. However, the lack of information about location of the calling bird means that this cannot be turned into population abundance. Time difference of arrival at multiple synchronised microphones enables the direction of arriving sound to be computed. This can assist in localising calling animals. However, unlike in indoor environments, propagation of sound in the bush can be hard to predict given the effects of wind, terrain, direction the animal was facing in, etc. In this thesis I investigate whether a practical application of sound source localisation of calling birds is possible with current technology. In particular, I investigate (a) the automatic identification of calls from the species of interest, (b) computation of sound direction from a small microphone array and low-power computational system, and (c) sound propagation in the New Zealand forest. As a case study of using the completed system we located a North Island Brown Kiwi incubation burrow based on the calls of the male as he leaves the burrow in the evening. The results show that the method of locating kiwi burrows using the automatic call identification and direction calculation of the system has potential, but there is further work needed to make it practical.


This study was conducted to determine whether drugs used for conventional treatments of pregnant women with antiphosholipid syndrome might be able to restore the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced secretion of placental human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in vitro. We tested this hypothesis using a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-vitro placental culture system. Pharmacological dose of low molecular weight heparin (20 IU/ml) significantly (P < 0.02) reduced the antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) binding in the ELISA and was able to restore GnRH-induced HCG secretion (P < 0.05) in presence of aPL-containing sera. Low-dose aspirin (0.03 M) did not modify aPL binding in the ELISA, but partially restored HCG secretion (P < 0.05). These observations may help to explain the role of these treatments in antiphospholipid syndrome.


It is well known that surface enhancements play an important role in augmenting the thermal performance of flat plate solar collector. In this paper, an attempt is made to explain in a comparative way the effect of surface geometry of solar collector having dimple geometry with that of a flat plate solar collector of the same size. A CFD analysis was carried out for the two cases,subjected to a constant heat flux of 600W/m2 and 1000W/m2. It can be inferred from the study that the absorber plate temperature shows a rise of average surface temperature of about 50C for the dimple solar collector when compared to a flat plate solar collector. Most importantly, the average exit water temperature shows a marked improvement of about 5.50C for a dimple solar collector as compared to that of a flat plate solar collector.


A fifty percent revision of a popular Complete Idiot's Guide[registered] that now, more than ever, offers readers a thorough, creative writing class in a book, with Dr. Laurie Rozakis as their teacher. The book is refocused to more of an academic approach. Readers can begin to unlock their creativity from the first page, with fabulous exercises that help them explore their talents and experiment with different genres and forms of writing. These include: short stories, narrative nonfiction, memoirs, magazine articles, poetry, drama and blogging/freewriting.


SUITS is a European Project aimed at fostering capabilities of cities in implementing Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) measures. A survey was implemented at the beginning of the project to characterise nine cities within the consortium through three main activities: an expert assessment based on a set of quantitative indicators related to the actual offer of transport, a self-assessment on the level of actions of the city stakeholders regarding different aspects linked to SUMPSs implementation and an assessment of the areas on which most support is needed. The first two assessments pointed to the same bipartition of the cities in two sets which can be labelled as "leader" and "follower", on the basis of the relative performances in the different ambits. Both leader and follower cities show needs in areas such as non-motorised transport, intermodality or electric mobility, whereas the most urgent needs when considering policy priorities are related to non-motorised and public transport, urban logistics, mobility management and electric mobility.


This paper presents the first system design (SensInDenT) for noncontact cardiorespiratory monitoring during dental treatment. The system is integrated into a dental treatment unit, and combines sensors based on electromagnetic, optical, and mechanical coupling at different sensor locations. The measurement principles and circuits are described and a system overview is presented. Furthermore, a first proof of concept is provided by taking measurements in healthy volunteers under laboratory conditions.


Brucellosis is an ubiquitous anthropozoonoses in the Republic of Djibouti, but it has only been studied in the City of Djibouti. This retrospective study of 42 cases of human brucellosis diagnosed between April 1993 and April 1995 was carried out at the Peltier Hospital in Djibouti to obtain epidemiological data concerning brucellosis in the Republic of Djibouti. Diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms and positive immunologic tests (Rose Bengal test > 100 UI and Wright serology > 1/80). The following information was obtained for each patient: nationality, ethnic origin, place of residence, age, sex, and risk factors for exposure to infected animals or products. There were 30 men and 12 women including 38 Djiboutis, 3 Somalis, and 1 Ethiopian. Ethnic origin was Afar in 32 cases, Somali in 6 cases, and undetermined in 4 cases. Mean age was 31.6 years. Of the 38 Djiboutis, 15 lived in the district of Djibouti, 17 in the district of Tadjourah, 3 in the district of Obock, and none in districts located in the Southern part of the country. In 18 cases brucellosis involved cattle raisers from the Northern part of the country. In five cases no risk factor could be identified. The incidence of brucellosis in the Republic of Djibouti appears to be comparable to that observed in other highly endemic countries. Further study is needed to determine the exact incidence in man and animals and ascertain the need and feasibility of preventive measures.


We studied the food intake in a representative sample (121 males, 202 females) of the elderly people (greater than 60 years) of the city of Reus (Spain) living at home. The analysis of the consumption of nutrients revealed an energy intake lower than recommended but similar to that found in other surveys dealing with the same age group. We observed that in our elderly people, the major food sources of caloric intake were different in relation to those of adults of the same population. The distribution of energy percentage derived from several macronutrients is different in the elderly in relation to adults (35-64 yr) and children (3-4 yr) of the same population. In younger people there was a remarkably energy excess derived from lipids if compared with the recommended allowances, which does not occur in the elderly group. Among all the sociocultural characteristics of the individuals, the type of life-style is revealed as the major explanation of the differences in intake. The elderly males who live with younger people consume more energy (p less than 0.01), lipids (p less than 0.001) and carbohydrates (p less than 0.05) than those who live only with other old people. In elderly people living with younger ones, the energy sources become unbalanced in the same way as in the young people. We have not found any differences in the biotype of the elderly men in relation to the patterns of life-style which may explain the different intakes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Moringa and brown seaweed (T. conoides) are known as natural ingredients that are good for the human body. One of them was a good bioactive component as a cosmetic. Research on the combination of these two ingredients has never been done. The aims of this study were to determine the best sunscreen cream from the combination of Moringa leaves and T conoides. In this study, several stages were carried out, namely the production of seaweed porridge and Moringa leaf powder,  and formulation of cream preparations with the ratio treatment of T. conoides. and Moringa, namely 1:1 (S), 1:2 (T), 2:1 (U) and control/without treatment (R). The tests included antioxidant and evaluation of physical parameters of sunscreen cream preparations. Evaluation of physical parameters included centrifugal test, emulsion type, globule diameter, and organoleptic. Antioxidant activity test showed that cream S was significantly different (p<0.005) from cream T and cream U, and it was strong antioxidant activity. The centrifugal test for all treatments showed that all cream preparations were stable because there was no phase separation. The type of emulsion in all treatments was O/W. The diameter of the globules in all treatments had sizes that were still within the allowable range. The organoleptic results on the color and aroma parameters of each cream were not significantly different (p<0.005) in all treatments. These results are different from the appearance parameters because cream S and T are significantly different (p<0.005). Cream S is the best cream in this study from the antioxidant activity and all evaluation parameters.


Building a complex portfolio of products can be beneficial for young firms due to increased sales growth and competitiveness. Yet, the benefits from product portfolio complexity (PPC) are often outweighed by rising costs, leading to an inverted U‐shaped relationship between PPC and performance. Recent research has called for an increased understanding of how firms are able to better manage higher levels of PPC. We suggest that absorptive capacity and ambidexterity are vital to enhancing the benefits and mitigating the costs of increasing PPC. Using a sample of 215 young high technology firms, we find support for positive moderating effects of absorptive capacity and ambidexterity on the inverted U‐shaped relationship between PPC and firm performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The longtailed mealybug, Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), is a widely-distributed pest that feeds on many economically important hosts, particularly tropical fruits and ornamentals. This mealybug gets its common name from the two long, waxy filaments protruding from the last abdominal segment of adult females (Figure 1). This characteristic helps distinguish it from other mealybugs that may feed on the same host plants, although these long filaments sometimes break off.


In 1930 the author (1) recorded for the first time the successful transplantation of the Ehrlich mouse carcinoma into rats. Subsequently Selbie (2) reported the results of histologic observations on the tumour, under the title "Early Stages of the Transplantation of the Ehrlich-Putnoky Tumour into Mice and Rats." Selbie's work, however, is open to a number of criticisms. In the first place, in a review of the author's earlier studies the following statement is made: "After growing progressively in the rat for about ten days the tumour regressed or became completely necrotic." On the contrary, as was stated in the original report, though necrotic centers appear in increased number starting from the tenth day, "the tumours in most cases grow progressively until the death of the animal." Statistical data included in later reports showed that in 250 passages the tumour caused the death of 59 to 82 per cent of the animals (5). These figures apply to Hungarian rats inoculated by a technic developed for the purpose, with the Ehrlich-Putnoky tumour resulting from the heteroplastic transplantation of the Ehrlich mouse carcinoma.

Describing his own materials and methods, Selbie writes: "A series of 12 mice and 12 young rats were inoculated subcutaneously with two small pieces of the Ehrlich-Putnoky tumour—on either side of the ventral mid-line—by means of a fine trocar. The tumour material used was taken from a mouse which had been inoculated from one of the tumours sent by Professor Balogh." In these experiments, then, Selbie was working not with the Ehrlich-Putnoky tumour, which is a tumour that has been maintained in rats for eight years without reinoculation into mice, but, on the contrary, with tumours obtained from mice inoculated with the Ehrlich-Putnoky tumour. In the second place, his transplantations were made with the aid of a trocar, though we have emphasized the importance of employing the technic developed by us, by which large implants are inserted subcutaneously. Finally, in view of the fluctuations in tumour takes and growth, a single series of 12 mice and 12 rats inoculated at the same time would seem an insufficient basis for conclusions.


When packets are sending in multi-hop mobile unintended networks numerous problems occur like flooding, rebroadcast, broadcast latency, power conservation and collision. If multiple transmission of packets simultaneously in MANETs that using the slot assignments approach, when additional channels are transmitting at the same time as the first slot allocations, interference may occur at the nodes. Because of the multi-hops data transfer, the network performance is hampered by the constrained bandwidth and therefore the self-initiated topological alterations. Therefore, a broadcast algorithm is important within the mobile ad hoc network for collision control and reliable communication. This paper proposes two new broadcasting protocols: modify SRBS and DSB algorithms. The planned algorithms outperform context of efficiency, reliability, traffic overload and reachability in highly mobile networks is an enhanced performance within the different environments. Evaluation of simulation results with other well-known exiting protocols as DFCN and PEGSP algorithms shows that the proposed protocol performance is best within the wireless network and channel bandwidths are well utilized within the network.


BACKGROUND
In order to obtain new reinforcing bio-fillers to improve the physicochemical properties of gelatin-based films, three types of maize starch, waxy maize starch (Ap), normal starch (Ns) and high-amylose starch (Al), were incorporated into gelatin film and the resulting film properties were investigated, focusing on the impact of amylose content.

RESULTS
The thickness, opacity and roughness of gelatin film increased depending on the amylose content along with the starch concentration. The effects of the three starches on the mechanical properties of gelatin film were governed by amylose content, starch concentration as well as environmental relative humidity (RH). At 75% RH, the presence of Al and Ns in the gelatin matrix increased the film strength but decreased its elongation, while Ap exhibited an inverse effect. Starch addition decreased the oxygen permeability of the film, with the lowest value at 20% Al and Ns. All starches, notably at 30% content, led to a decrease in the water vapor permeability of the film at 90% RH, especially Ns starch. Furthermore, the starches improved the thermal stability of the film to some extent. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that some weak intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding occurred between gelatin and starch. Moreover, a high degree of B-type crystallinity of starch was characterized in Gel-Al film by X-ray diffraction.

CONCLUSION
Tailoring the properties of gelatin film by the incorporation of different types of maize starch provides the potential to extend its applications in edible food packaging. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.


Existing bidirectional languages are either state-based or operation-based, depending on whether they represent updates as mere states or as sequences of edit operations. In-between both worlds are delta-based frameworks, where updates are represented using alignment relationships between states. In this paper, we formalize delta lenses over inductive types using dependent type theory and develop a point-free delta lens language with an explicit separation of shape and data. In contrast with the already known issue of data alignment, we identify the new problem of shape alignment and solve it by lifting standard recursion patterns such as folds and unfolds to delta lenses that use alignment to infer meaningful shape updates.


Model compression aims to deploy deep neural networks (DNN) to mobile devices with limited computing power and storage resource. However, most of the existing model compression methods rely on manually defined rules, which requires domain expertise. In this paper, we propose an Auto Graph encoder-decoder Model Compression (AGMC) method combined with graph neural networks (GNN) and reinforcement learning (RL) to find the best compression policy. We model the target DNN as a graph and use GNN to learn the embeddings of the DNN automatically. In our experiments, we first compared our method with rule-based DNN embedding methods to show the graph auto encoder-decoder's effectiveness. Our learning-based DNN embedding achieved better performance and a higher compression ratio with fewer search steps. Moreover, we evaluated the AGMC on CIFAR-10 and ILSVRC-2012 datasets and compared handcrafted and learning-based model compression approaches. Our method outperformed handcrafted and learning-based methods on ResNet-56 with 3.6% and 1.8% higher accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, we achieved a higher compression ratio than state-of-the-art methods on MobileNet-V2 with just 0.93% accuracy loss.


Ardisiae Japonicae Herba is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of bronchitis conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and trauma. In this work, a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was first established for the separation and structural identification of the chemical constituents in Ardisiae Japonicae Herba. A total of 15 compounds including coumarins, flavonoid glycosides, and catechins were identified or tentatively characterized based on their chromatographic behaviors and mass spectral fragmentation and by comparisons with the reference standards. Furthermore, a simple high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five major constituents. Results obtained from method validation, including linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery, showed that the established method was reliable and accurate. Bergenin and quercitrin were found to be the most abundant constituents and could be served as chemical markers for quality control of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba.


The flashing yellow arrow (FYA), as the permissive left-turn indication, has been widely implemented to mitigate driving confusion caused by the permissive steady green indication. The selection of an appropriate FYA operation type, however, remains an open-ended question as few studies have evaluated the safety effectiveness of FYA under different operation types, that is, 24-hour, time-of-day (TOD), and switching from 24-hour to TOD. Moreover, since FYA has been typically used at intersections with a single left-turn lane, its safety effectiveness at intersections with dual left-turn lanes has not been well investigated. To bridge these gaps, this paper focuses on evaluating the safety effectiveness of FYA at intersections with varying numbers of left-turn lanes under different operation types and examining whether the FYA operation type switch affects safety performance. Empirical Bayes before/after studies are conducted for 24-hour, TOD, and switching from 24-hour to TOD FYA operation types using multivariate adaptive regression splines models in comparison with traditional negative binomial models. Safety performance functions are developed for different combinations of crash types and a different number of left-turn lanes. Results show that for intersections with either a single left-turn lane or dual left-turn lanes, 24-hour and TOD FYA operation types reduce crashes by 8.76% to 50%. However, intersections with dual left-turn lanes experience a 31.2% increase in total crashes when switching from 24-hour to TOD FYA operation type, while intersections with a single left-turn lane see a 60% decrease in rear-end crashes.


Infectious and non-infectious disease, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) are indicators of health status that their achievements have not been satisfactory. Various problems are closely related to behavioral factors. Behaviors that have a role in maintaining and improving health status is a Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS). However, the successful achievement of indicators PHBS is still far from the expected target. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of health promotion in the public health centers with the achievement of PHBS in pregnant women's households. This study was an observational analytic with quantitative and qualitative approach. Quantitative approach with a sample of pregnant women, whereas qualitative informant was health promotion staff. Sampling was simple random sampling technique. This study used Pearson correlation test on quantitative data indicate that there was a relationship between health promotion of public health centers with the achievements of PHBS. Signifi cant value was 0.000 (α = 0.05). Qualitative study found that the role of health promotion in the health centers with PHBS achievement were realized through a series of health promotion programs, namely home visits, empowerment through partnerships, as well as organizing through UKBM. Keywords: health promotion, PHBS, pregnant women


Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with Ucria ( Rhus tripartitus) represents a good alternative for including this crop in revegetation programs in arid area. In this study, 137 bacterial strains were isolated in Tryptic Soy Agar medium (TSA) from six samples of ucria's rhizospheric soil (Ahaggar, Algeria), based on colony characteristics, Gram © reaction, oxidase and catalase tests. To evaluate their PGP activities and their physiological characteristics under stress environment, ten tests were made. Sixty strains of 16 genera were selected for their PGPR abilities, which represent 43.79% to the total of rhizobacteria isolated. The maximum bacterial population were  Bacillus (35%). 71.66% of isolates were able to solubilize the phosphate, 31.66% were able to produce Indole Acid Acetic (IAA), 58.33% were siderophore producers, 28,33% were able to produce Cyanhydric Acid (HCN) and 70% were able to grow without any source of nitrogen. Indeed, PGPR strains have shown tolerance and/or resistance to several experimental environmental conditions. As a conclusion, the PGPR strains of Ucria's rhizosphere were shown a good potential for biofertilization and biocontrol of crops, and their tolerance to abiotic stresses is an interesting step to support their utilities.


Peroxynitrite is a strong oxidant produced in vivo as the reaction product of superoxide anion and nitric oxide (k approximately 5 x 10(9) M-1 s-1) and can be formed and mediate reactions in the extracellular environment. It has recently been reported that peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide react in a second-order process (S. V. Lymar and K. Hurst (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 8867-8868). Since one of the most abundant constituents of the extracellular milieu is bicarbonate anion (25 mM in plasma) which is in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (1.3 mM in plasma) we have further studied the kinetics of the reaction between peroxynitrite and carbon dioxide/ bicarbonate and the effect of bicarbonate on different peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations. The apparent second-order rate constant for the reaction is (2.3 +/- 0.1) x 10(3) M-1 s-1 at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 and a pH-independent second-order rate constant of (5.8 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) M-1 s-1 at 37 degrees C was obtained considering peroxynitrite anion and carbon dioxide as the reacting species. The enthalpy and entropy of activation are delta H* = +10.7 +/- 0.8 kcal mol-1 and delta S* = -6.5 +/- 0.5 cal mol-1 K-1, respectively. The presence of bicarbonate had variable influence on peroxynitrite-mediated oxidations. While bicarbonate significantly enhanced peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of aromatics, it partially inhibited the oxidation of thiols, dimethylsulfoxide, oxyhemoglobin, and cytochrome c+2 and totally inhibited the hydroxylation of benzoate. Spontaneous chemiluminescence studies suggest the formation of bicarbonate radicals during the interactions of peroxynitrite with carbon dioxide/ bicarbonate. Our results support that peroxynitrite anion rapidly reacts with carbon dioxide to yield an adduct (ONOOCO2-) which can participate in oxidation and nitration processes, thus redirecting the primary reactivity of peroxynitrite.


The effect of gain or loss in one arm of a pair of parallel coupled optical guides has been investigated theoretically. The general transfer characteristics have been derived for the weakly coupled case in terms of the individual waveguide characteristics and the coupling coefficient. Examples of strongly coupled dielectric slab guides, appropriate for embodiment in the form of semiconductor heterostructures, have also been examined. Only small deviations from the weakly coupled behavior are found, even at maximum coupling when the core layers come into contact. In particular the interesting and useful condition where the two composite modes of the system become degenerate, with identical phase, attenuation, and field distribution characteristics, still occurs. Applications for integrated optics are discussed.


The existence of a secluded gauge sector could explain several puzzling astrophysical observations. This hypothesis can be tested at low energy e+e− colliders such as DAΦNE. Preliminary results obtained with KLOE data and perpectives for the KLOE-2 run, where a larger data sample is expected, are discussed.


In this paper, a joint communication interference integration signal waveform is proposed to satisfy the need of electronic system integration in civil and military uses, and mitigate the tension of spectrum resource. We design the system structure of the integrated signal model and propose the communication receiving processing flow of the integrated system. We utilize the dense false-target jamming style to raise the constant false alarm rate detection threshold via the delay superposition of multiple groups of frequency modulation (FM) slope mismatch jamming signals, which can play a role in protecting our target from being detected. Furthermore, linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals with different FM slopes and Doppler frequencies are obtained via the modulation mapping of communication data; thus, a single LFM signal can carry n bit data. Through correlation processing and frequency detection, code sequence information can be obtained to achieve communication function. The simulation results show that the integrated signal has the effect of shielding and jamming the pulse compression radar. Moreover, the system has a better bit error rate and a high communication rate, which can ensure that the communication task of sending accurate instructions is completed while implementing effective interference.


The Sprague Dawley (SD) and Han Wistar (HW) are the two most commonly used rat strains in Europe and the US, with the Han Wistar increasing in popularity because of its greater longevity and lower tumor burden. This survey was undertaken at Covance CRS (Huntingdon and Eye) to compare in-house longevity and common spontaneous tumor profiles of the two strains with published data. Data were compiled from 104-week studies started between 2010 and 2017. Mean survival was greater for both sexes of HWs when compared with SDs. Pituitary tumors were the commonest in both strains, with slightly higher incidences and more malignant tumors in SDs of both sexes. Mammary tumors were the second most common tumor in both strains; the incidence being greater in SDs compared to HWs. Benign pheochromocytomas of the adrenal and fibromas of the skin/subcutis were commoner in male SDs than in HWs. Granular cell tumors of the uterine tract were recorded only in SDs, but uterine stromal and glandular tumors were more common in HWs, which also displayed a higher incidence of granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries. Vascular tumors of the mesenteric lymph nodes, thymomas and follicular cell tumors of the thyroids were recorded at a higher incidence in HWs than in SDs. Tumor profiles of other common tumors were broadly similar between the two strains. The results of this survey correlate closely with similar comparisons made at other laboratories, and with data compiled at our laboratories 10 years ago and published as a poster.


Aims: Image-guided systems are the gold standard for determining toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis alignment. However, their high cost prevents widespread use of these systems. As an alternative, a simpler and affordable method could be performed manually using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. This study aims to compare the accuracy of manual toric IOL axis marking using a slit-lamp compared to the CALLISTO eye image-guided system.
Study Design: Prospective comparative
Methods: In this prospective study, toric IOL axis alignment of 42 eyes with cataract and coexisting corneal astigmatism were evaluated using manual slitlamp method and CALLISTO eye image-guided method. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, amount of spherical and astigmatic refractive errors, and postoperative IOL axis alignment were evaluated. Intraclass correlation of the manual method was calculated and the difference of IOL axis alignment to the image-guided method was compared.
Results: Toric IOL implantation reduced the amount of astigmatic refractive error from -1.63 ± 0.65 D to -0.50 ± 0.19 D in the image-guided group and from -1.93 ± -0.90 D to -0.87 ± 0.26 D in the manual slitlamp group. As many as 90.5% of eyes in the image-guided group and 81.0% of eyes in the manual slitlamp group reached the target induced astigmatism (p=0.38). Manual axis marking showed intraclass correlation of 99.3%. However, when the manual method was compared to the image-guided method a mean difference in axis alignment of 10.98o (95% confidence interval: 9.32o - 12.63o) was observed.
Conclusions: Alignment of toric IOL axis using the manual method demonstrated a consistent result; yet producing a considerable difference to the result of the image-guided method.


Design verification has become a bottleneck of modern designs. Recently, simulation-based random verification has attracted a lot of interests due to its effectiveness in uncovering obscure bugs. Designers are often required to provide the input probabilities while conducting the random verification. However, it is extremely difficult for designers to provide accurate input probabilities. In this paper, we propose an iterative algorithm that derives good input probabilities so that the design intent can be exercised effectively for functional verification. We conduct extensive experiments on both benchmark circuit and industrial designs. The experimental results are very promising


1920 males and females of Glossina palpalis gambiensis were fed 3 times on a Zebu treated with Flumethrin Pour-on. This resulted in a significant increase of the mortality and abortion rate of the flies. The fly-specific effects of Flumethrin Pour-on were time-dependent: Clear effects on the performance of the flies were observed during the first 20 days after treatment of the Zebu; an initial 90% "knock down" effect decreased to 40% during the first 15 days.


The desynchronization of individual and conjugal time schedules, by no means new, is especially pronounced among employees of the transport industry. The HR files of an airline company, and life event history interviews conducted with flight attendants and pilots, shed light on the atypical family arrangements of cockpit and cabin crews. They also reveal the asymmetry of the representations characterizing female and male mobility. For men, mobility is presented as a natural part of their professional career, but also as necessary for a balanced family relationship; women's "absence," on the other hand, is negotiated, resulting in a temporary suspension—rather than a reversal—of dominant gender norms. The difficulties faced by highly mobile men are thus euphemized by the predominance of the hegemonic model of masculinity that governs work organization and gender relations in the private sphere.


CONTENTSIntroduction § 1. The problem of isomorphism § 2. The work of Kolmogorov § 3. The entropy of an automorphism § 4. Properties of the entropy § 5. Computation of the entropy § 6. Automorphisms with zero entropy § 7. The entropy and the spectrum § 8. Kolmogorov automorphisms and automorphisms with completely positive entropy § 9. Exact endomorphisms § 10. Flows § 11. New problemsReferences


In 1988, an estimated 14.8 million motor vehicle crashes involved 47,000 deaths and almost 5,000,000 injuries. More than 4.8 million years of life and functioning were lost. Crash costs totalled $334 billion. They included $71 billion in out-of pocket costs, $46 billion in wages and household production, and $217 billion in pain, suffering, and lost quality of life. Half of the out-of-pocket costs were property damage costs; the rest were medical, emergency services, workplace, travel delay, legal, and administrative costs. Employers paid 20% of the out-of-pocket and productivity costs. The general public paid 48%. People involved in crashes and their families paid the remainder and suffered the pain. The comprehensive costs presented here are appropriate for use in benefit-cost analysis. The costs/police-reported crash are $2,723,000/K-fatal, $229,000/A-incapacitating injury, $48,000/B-nonincapacitating injury, $25,000/C-possible injury, $4,500/O-property damage only (these crashes include injuries missed by the police), and $4,300/unreported crash. The most costly kinds of crashes include motorcycle, pedestrian, pedalcycle, alcohol-involved, and heavy truck. Minor rural collectors, local rural streets, and urban arterials are the most dangerous/vehicle-mile of travel (vmt). Motorcycles have safety costs of $2.14/vmt, buses $.24/vmt, heavy trucks $.19/vmt, light trucks $.16/vmt, and cars $.12/vmt. In nonfatal collisions involving only occupants, the most harmful events with the highest cost/injury involve, in order: trees, overturns, other fixed objects, and utility poles.


Regularization methods are used widely in image selective smoothing and edge preserving restoration of noisy images. Traditional methods utilize image gradients within regularization function for controlling the smoothing and can produce artifacts when noise levels are higher. In this paper, we consider a robust image adaptive exponent driven regularization for filtering noisy images with salient feature preservation. Our spatially adaptive variable exponent function depends on a continuous switch based on the eigenvalues of structure tensor which identifies noisy edges, and corners with higher accuracy. Structure tensor eigenvalues encode various image features and we consider a spatially varying continuous map which provides multiscale edge maps of natural images. By embedding the structure tensor-based exponent in a well-defined regularization model, we obtain denoising filters which are capable of obtaining good feature preserving image restoration. The GPU-based implementation computes the edge map in real time at 45–60 frames/s depending on the GPU card. Multiscale structure tensor-based spatially adaptive variable exponent provides reliable edge maps and compared with standard edge detectors it is robust under various noisy conditions. Moreover, filtering based on the multiscale variable exponent map method outperforms L0 sparse gradient-based image smoothing and related filters.


Abstract Conclusions: Endoscopic laser microsurgery (ELM) provides comparable oncological outcomes, and improved functional recovery and laryngeal preservation compared with open partial laryngopharyngectomy (OPLP) in patients with early squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx (HPSCC). The use of open surgery is declining. The outcome of the study provides evidence-based recommendations for surgical choices in HPSCC treatment. However, it is not conclusive without a larger prospective study. Objectives: To compare the functional and oncological results of ELM and OPLP in HPSCC and examine surgical trends. Methods: From 1990 to 2008, 53 HPSCC patients undergoing ELM (n = 25) and OPLP (n = 28) were included. Functional recovery, oncological results, and laryngeal preservation rate were analyzed. Results: Patients who underwent ELM demonstrated a shorter decannulation period (7 vs 11 days, p = 0.010), time using a nasogastric tube (7 vs 16 days, p = 0.043), and hospitalization stay (12 vs 22 days, p = 0.0061) than those who underwent OPLP. The 3-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were comparable between ELM and OPLP (79% vs 64%, p = 0.151, and 83% vs 71%, p = 0.320, respectively). The ELM patients had better laryngeal preservation (92% vs 71%, p = 0.048). The number of OPLPs performed has decreased since 2000 (68% before vs 32% after, p < 0.0001).


Licorice, derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza genus, is widely distributed all over the world. In China,
 three Glycyrrhiza species, G. uralensis, G. glabra, and G.
 inflata, are used as licorice without discrimination according
 to the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
 Triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharides are
 considered as bioactive ingredients of licorice. The
 component properties, types and contents of these
 chemical compounds, vary significantly in different species
 and different licorice species have species-specific markers
 respectively, such as the contents of major flavonoids
 (liquiritin, liquilitigenin and isoliquiritin) in G. uralensis are
 obviously higher than in G. glabra and glycycoumarin only
 exists in G. uralensis. To some extent variation in active
 constituent could affect the therapeutic effects and safety
 of licorice, thus licorice used for medicinal purposes should
 be discriminated and chemically standardized according to
 those component properties in order to promote its
 reasonable application.
In this review, we describe differences of the types and
 contents of chemical composition among three licorice
 species. The result of this review is intended to provides the
 basis for the accurate identification and reasonable use of
 licorice.


Eight lines of the transition 4f8 7F-4f75d7D in the Gd III spectrum have been observed in the region 14 000-26 000 ?. The measurements have led to the establishment of the first term of the 4f8 configuration. The position of 4f8 7F6 is in good agreement with recent predictions.


In Western, industrialised society, menstruation and birth are commonly seen as unstable, pathological processes requiring medical control. Girls learn to see menstruation as embarrassing and undesirable, and as they grow into young women, find their cyclic variations at odds with a linear economy. Menarche is a nodal event around which girls' beliefs and attitudes to being female are organised. The perception of menstruation as a liability therefore has foundational implications for future female experiences, particularly childbirth. Both menarche and childbirth are potentially powerful psychological initiations that require the sacrifice of a previous physiological state and sense of identity. Across a range of cultures and times, menstruation and birth have been recognised as transformative spiritual phenomena. Some Indigenous perspectives in particular demonstrate that menstruation can be experienced as sacred blood and a source of authority and power. This article draws on indigenous examples and personal experience to challenge patriarchal norms about menstruation as a liability. Mothers are perfectly placed to gift their daughters with a woman-honouring perspective that affirms their status at menarche as valuable human beings, capable of life-bearing within their bodies. By recounting how I negotiated the passage into menarche with my own daughter, I offer a space for dialogue and reflection contributing to the cultural reform of derogatory attitudes to menstruation and women.


PURPOSE
This review aims to explore the exercise-mediated hepatic macrophage polarization mechanism and its effect on improving and regulating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by analyzing the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the cause of the influence of hepatic macrophage polarization. In addition to exploring the varied effects of different exercise types on macrophage polarization regulation in NAFLD, to provide a direction and basis for the treatment of NAFLD.

METHODS
The research methodology involved a comprehensive search of the PubMed database using specific keywords such as "NAFLD", "macrophage polarization", and "exercise", to retrieve relevant literature published.

RESULTS
(1) The main factors inducing NAFLD were high-fat diet, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), changes in gut microbiota, and genetic variation in susceptibility. (2) Drug treatment, nutrient induction, microfactor induction, physiological environment induction, and other factors can induce the polarization of hepatic macrophages and affect NAFLD. (3) Different intensities, types, and frequencies of exercise have different effects on polarization macrophages, and may also differently effects improving liver inflammation, fibrosis, and NAFLD. Curently, regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is the most effective therapy for treating NAFLD.

CONCLUSION
Approaches to ameliorate NAFLD with exercise involve strategies to alter macrophage polarization by inhibiting M1 or driving M2 activation. However, research on the different types of exercise-mediated macrophage polarization mechanisms and differences in therapeutic effects is not yet sufficient. Future research is necessary to explore the exact mechanisms and differences in the effects of different exercises on the treatment of NAFLD.


The prevalence of sequencing experiments in genomics has led to an increased use of methods for count data in analyzing high-throughput genomic data to perform analyses. The importance of shrinkage methods in improving the performance of statistical methods remains. A common example is that of gene expression data, where the counts per gene are often modeled as some form of an overdispersed Poisson. In this case, shrinkage estimates of the per-gene dispersion parameter have lead to improved estimation of dispersion in the case of a small number of samples. We address a different count setting introduced by the use of sequencing data: comparing differential proportional usage via an overdispersed binomial model. Such a model can be useful for testing differential exon inclusion in mRNA-Seq experiments in addition to the typical differential gene expression analysis. In this setting, there are fewer such shrinkage methods for the dispersion parameter. We introduce a novel method that is developed by modeling the dispersion based on the double exponential family of distributions proposed by Efron (1986), also known as the exponential dispersion model (Jorgensen, 1987). Our methods (WEB-Seq and DEB-Seq) are empirical bayes strategies for producing a shrunken estimate of dispersion that can be applied to any double exponential dispersion family, though we focus on the binomial and poisson. These methods effectively detect differential proportional usage, and have close ties to the weighted likelihood strategy of edgeR developed for gene expression data (Robinson and Smyth, 2007; Robinson et al., 2010). We analyze their behavior on simulated data sets as well as real data for both differential exon usage and differential gene expression. In the exon usage case, we will demonstrate our methods' superior ability to control the FDR and detect truly different features compared to existing methods. In the gene expression setting, our methods fail to control the FDR; however, the rankings of the genes by p-value is among the top performers and proves to be robust to both changes in the probability distribution used to generate the counts and in low sample size situations. We provide implementation of our methods in the R package DoubleExpSeq available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN).


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to establish a multimodality ultrasound prediction model based on conventional ultrasound (Con-US), shear wave elastography (SWE), and strain elastography (SE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and to explore their diagnostic values for thyroid nodules ≤ 10 mm.

METHODS
This retrospective study included 198 thyroid nodules (maximum diameter≤10 mm) in 198 thyroid surgery patients who were examined preoperatively with above-mentioned methods. The pathological findings of the thyroid nodules were used as the gold standard, and there were 72 benign nodules and 126 malignant nodules. The multimodal ultrasound prediction models were developed by logistic regression analysis based on the ultrasound image appearances. The diagnostic efficacy of these prediction models was then compared and internally cross-validated in a fivefold manner.

RESULTS
The specific features on CEUS (enhancement boundary, enhancement direction and decreased nodule area) and the parenchyma-to-nodule strain ratio (PNSR) on SE and SWE ratio were included in the prediction model. The Model one combining American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (ACR TI-RADS) score with PNSR and SWE ratio had the highest sensitivity (92.8%), while the Model three combining TI-RADS score with PNSR, SWE ratio and specific CEUS indicators had the highest specificity, accuracy, and AUC (90.2%,91.4%, and 0.958, respectively).

CONCLUSION
The multimodality ultrasound predictive models effectively improved the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules smaller than 10 mm.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
For the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules ≤ 10 mm, both ultrasound elastography and CEUS could be effective complements to ACR TI-RADS.


Results of a monolithically integrated optical receiver for optical data transmission and optical interconnects is presented. A 0.6-/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology is used to realize the optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC). This OEIC can be used at data rates of 622 Mb/s, 1Gb/s, 1.25 Gb/s, and 1.5 Gb/s with a dual supply of 5 and 17 V with sensitivities of -24.5, -24.3, -24.1, and -22.1 dBm, respectively, at a bit-error rate of 10/sup -9/. With a single supply of 5 V, operation at 1.25 Gb/s with a sensitivity of -22.7 dBm was achieved.


We present a novel, fully three-dimensional approach to soft material characterization and constitutive modeling with relevance to soft biological tissue. Our approach leverages recent advances in experimental techniques and data-driven computation. The experimental component of this approach involves in situ mechanical loading in a magnetic field (using MRI), yielding the entire deformation tensor field throughout the specimen regardless of the possible irregularities in its three-dimensional shape. Characterization can therefore be accomplished with data at a reduced number of deformation states. We refer to this experimental technique as MR-u. Its combination with powerful approaches to inverse modelling, specifically methods of model inference, would open the door to insightful mechanical characterization for soft materials. In recent computational advances that answer this need, we have developed new, data-driven inverse techniques to infer the model that best explains the physics governing observed phenomena from a spectrum of admissible ones, while maintaining parsimony of representation. This approach is referred to as Variational System Identification (VSI). In this communication, we apply the MR–u approach to characterize soft biological tissue and polymers, and using VSI, we infer the physically best-suited and parsimonious mathematical models of their mechanical response. We demonstrate the performance of our methods in the face of noisy data with physical constraints that challenge the identification of mathematical models, while attaining high accuracy in the predicted response of the inferred models.


This paper presents the initial theoretical framework adopted for a study into resident acceptance of sustainable renovation. Seven expert interviews and two retrospective case studies revealed that the relationship between social housing residents and the renovation process requires careful attention. Rather than performance indicators and liveability, acceptance and practices should be the first priority in planning the process. This is because residents' future behaviour will be a crucial aspect in the actual energy-saving outcome, and disappointments should be avoided. The paper sets out a number of cornerstones for a process to foster acceptance, and presents an outlook towards participatory tools that could be used in such a process.


Imaging Cherenkov detectors are largely used for particle identification (PID) in nuclear and particle physics experiments, where developing fast reconstruction algorithms is becoming of paramount importance to allow for near real time calibration and data quality control, as well as to speed up offline analysis of large amount of data. In this paper we present DeepRICH, a novel deep learning algorithm for fast reconstruction which can be applied to different imaging Cherenkov detectors. The core of our architecture is a generative model which leverages on a custom Variational Auto-encoder (VAE) combined to Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) extracting features from the space of the latent variables for classification. A thorough comparison with the simulation/reconstruction package FastDIRC is discussed in the text. DeepRICH has the advantage to bypass low-level details needed to build a likelihood, allowing for a sensitive improvement in computation time at potentially the same reconstruction performance of other established reconstruction algorithms. In the conclusions, we address the implications and potentialities of this work, discussing possible future extensions and generalization.


Protected Area help to sustain income, output and consumption across the economy. Also, generate employment and earn the government fiscal revenues. The economic specialists have been making increasing use of the concept of total economic evaluation to assess the value of protected areas. Many protected areas are managed on a multiple-use basis and tourism and recreation are among the very important uses of such areas. To determine the optimal use of such areas is an important problem for the community and for the managers of protected areas. These article provides core information about economic valuation of protected area and present, synthetically, the case study.


Vanadium dioxide VO2 and its metal–insulator transition at T = 340 K continue to receive considerable interest. The question whether the physics of the insulating low-temperature phase is dominated by the Mott or the Peierls scenario, i.e. by correlation or band effects, is still under debate. A recent cluster dynamical mean field theory calculation (Biermann et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 026404) suggests a combination of both effects, characterizing the transition as of a correlation-assisted Peierls type. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the excitation spectrum of the insulating M1 phase of VO2, based on this calculation. We implement a scheme to analytically continue self-energies from Matsubara to real frequencies, and study the physics of the strong interactions, as well as the corresponding changes with respect to the density functional theory band structure within the local density approximation (LDA). We find that in the M1 phase lifetime effects are rather negligible, indeed allowing for an effective band structure description. A frequency-independent but orbital-dependent potential, constructed as an approximation to the full cluster dynamical mean field self-energy, turns out to satisfactorily reproduce the fully interacting one-particle spectrum, acting as a scissors operator which pushes the a1g bonding and egπ bands apart and, thus, opens the gap.


The Readymade Garments (RMG) industries are in Bangladesh is the largest contributor to the national export earnings and second largest in GDP of the country. Starting from the late Seventies as minor as well as non-traditional sector with a negligible of exporting, the RMG sector has dramatically grown up a geometric progression over the few decades. Although the country has a glorious history of textile, cloths and clothing's from the ancient period of time. At present, about 75% of the total exports of the country having from this sector and one of the principle key points of employment. Over the preceding decade, fire and fire hazard is the continual problem in the country's readymade garments industries. Only in 2012 about 169 people died and huge people are injured because of fire hazards in RMGs. Considering this as a crucial problem, the study was carried out a geo-spatial analysis on Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) and Baizid Industrial hub of Chittagong city, Bangladesh. The study was mainly done by primary field survey while secondary sources were also used in comparing and basement of analysis. There are two types of parameters (Hard and Soft Parameters) generally used to assess the fire hazard of readymade garments. The research has been done by adopting the soft parameter, as exit door locked, emergency exit in the factory, fire extinguisher etc. The Fire Risk Index has been developed on the basis of 19 soft parameters. In Chittagong EPZ area 25 garments factories have been surveyed instantly to observe the current status of fire risk for the lack of 19 parameters. Results show that in CEPZ area for 19 parameters the mean safety is 90.45% or 9.55% deviation from the standard. On the contrary, the average condition of 19 parameters is 80.29% fluctuation from the benchmark in the Baizid Industrial area though it is considered as good condition but nearest to the average. Electric short circuit is the prime cause of fire in CEPZ area and also in Baizid industrial hub. At the eleventh hour, it is found from the study that about 80% garments in Baizid Industrial area under in good condition which is (10-20) % deviation from ideal case. On the other hand in CEPZ area about 80% garments are fallen excellent condition, it is only 8% seen in Baizid area. The study also reveals that there is no garments in both area which is in poor or average condition or vulnerable to fire hazards but in Baizid it is about 20% garments are fallen average condition or nearly vulnerable. Before conducting the study, it is seemed that it will be found the garments will be more vulnerable to fire hazards but at the end of the day it is proved as erroneous, for the recurrence of fire hazards in the last few years they have raised the magnitude of fire safety in almost every cases and now the garments are more secured in case of fire hazards.


Clots formed on recalcification of citrated plasma show differences in appearance which are specific for the original blood groups. The differences in appearance are considered to be due to a group-specific factor, some of the properties of which are described. The group-specific factor is tentatively related to the platelets. Further lines of investigation are suggested.


This thesis considers three separate research problems within the field of video processing.The first is concerned with segmenting an image, the second with tracking an object and the third with the communication of video across an unreliable network.

Segmentation is an application-specific problem. An image should be segmented to distinguish interesting regions, but it should not be segmented further. This thesis proposes an algorithm to optimally segment an image based on a maximum-likelihood criterion. The proposed algorithm is a modification of the popular mean-shift algorithm. However, unlike mean-shift, the proposed algorithm
uses a model to compute the most likely image segmentation.
It achieves this while preserving both the simplicity and speed of mean-shift.

In this thesis two distinct methods are proposed to track objects.
The first builds upon the joint anisotropic mean-shift
and particle-filter framework. This framework consists of a gradient-ascent algorithm which is seeded by a particle filter to find all likely positions, orientations and
scalings of a target. We have improved this algorithm by including spatial information in the description of the target. This makes the algorithm more robust against
partial occlusions and background clutter.

The second object-tracking algorithm is an improvement to the eigenface-based tracking algorithms. These algorithms represent
a single appearance of a target by an interpolated NxN image and the multitude of appearances which a target can take by a linear subspace of all NxN images.
It is shown that the subspace can be tracked using a
Kalman filter. This is a better framework for tracking as it allows motion models and appearance models to be more accurately described.

The research contributions related to video communication focus on specifically on packet-based computer networks. We propose that by monitoring the variations in transmission speeds of data packets,it is possible to predict the amount of congestion in the network.
This allows us to predict the probability of packet loss in such a way that adaptive compression algorithms can be designed to efficiently deal with the expected packet loss. A modified quantized frame-expansion is then proposed in this thesis for this purpose. Using a gradient-descent algorithm, optimal transforms are found for the error-resilient transmission of data. This transform has been incorporated into a novel video-compression algorithm.


The recent interest in non-covalently stabilized molecular assemblies has led to the creation of the field of supramolecular chemistry . This thesis is concerned with the effects of supramolecular (host-guest) binding on organic reactivity. Of particular interest is the catalysis of organic reactions brought about by transition state stabilization , which arises from the binding of substrates (guests) relative to the strength of binding of the transition states to catalytic hosts such as cyclodextrins and micelles. In effect, the work of this thesis is concerned with the origin of supramolecular catalysis . The first area of research discussed in the thesis exploits the principles of supramolecular chemistry (Chapter I, Section 1.1) and hydrophobic effects (Chapter I, Section 1.3) to investigate cyclodextrin-guest inclusion complexes (Chapter II). The effects of cyclodextrins on the reactivity of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of two acetals and an orthobenzoate in the presence of added ketone guests were studied (Chapter III) as part of a search for improved methods of accurately determining the strength of complexation between cyclodextrins and various guests (eg. ketones). It was shown that inhibition kinetics can be employed as a fast reliable methodology to determine the dissociation constants of β-cyclodextrin-ketone complexes under certain circumstances. The second area of research, which constitutes the bulk of the work in the thesis, focussed on micelles (Chapter IV) and their catalytic effects on bimolecular ester cleavage reactions from the perspective of transition state stabilization (Chapter I, Section 1.2). The work was initiated after previous research on the alkaline hydrolysis of aryl esters in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles (Chapter V). In those studies it was shown that aryl ester binding to CTAB micelles is independent of the aryl group but it depends on the hydrophobicity of the ester chain. The magnitude of catalysis is, however, independent of the ester chain. Following these intriguing results, and in order to clarify the misconceptions about the mechanism of the catalysis by the micelles, it was decided was to investigate the effects of CTAB micelles on ester cleavage by other nucleophiles. Firstly, the thiolysis of p -nitrophenyl alkanoates (acetate to decanoate) in CTAB micelles was studied (Chapter VI). Secondly, the aminolysis of p -nitrophenyl esters by neutral amines (mainly n -alkylamines) in CTAB micelles was studied (Chapter VII). Finally, a study of the cleavage of pNPA and pNPH by amino acid anions (AA - ) in CTAB micelles demonstrated that a threshold hydrophobicity dictates the partitioning and binding of the AA - to the CTAB micelles (Chapter VIII). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


In primate brains, tactile and proprioceptive inputs are relayed to the somatosensory cortex which is known for somatotopic representations, or, "homunculi". Our research centers on understanding the mechanisms of the formation of these and more higher-level body representations (body schema) by using humanoid robots and neural networks to construct models. We specifically focus on how spatial representation of the body may be learned from somatosensory information in self-touch configurations. In this work, we target the representation of proprioceptive inputs, which we take to be joint angles in the robot. The inputs collected in different body postures serve as inputs to a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) with a 2D lattice on the output. With unrestricted, all-to-all connections, the map is not capable of representing the input space while preserving the topological relationships, because the intrinsic dimensionality of the body posture space is too large. Hence, we use a method we developed previously for tactile inputs (Hoffmann, Straka et al. 2018) called MRF-SOM, where the Maximum Receptive Field of output neurons is restricted so they only learn to represent specific parts of the input space. This is in line with the receptive fields of neurons in somatosensory areas representing proprioception that often respond to combination of few joints (e.g. wrist and elbow).


Resource mining has lead to a lot of land lacking of productivity and regional ecological environment deteriorating. In order to make scientific and rational program of the ecological restoration, the ecological and environmental conditions of mining area shall be evaluate firstly. In this study, the ecological environment conditions in research area were done with methods of fuzzy-OWA (Ordered Weighted Averaging) based on GIS. The research showed that there were nearly half of land in research area was serious damaged, 36 percent of land was light damaged, only 14 percent of land keeping health. The studied result was reasonable and the classification degree for the ecological environment condition is consistent with the real situation, which was helpful for decision-making. Finally, the treatment measures were provided based on the evaluation result. In addition, this method can meet the change of factor configuration and handle with large-scale data automatically based on GIS.


The study was conducted to determine the impact of seasons, host size and sexes on the incidence of helminth community infecting Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793) from Punarbhaba and Atrai rivers of Dinajpur district. Four helminths were identified: one Cestoda, Bothriocephalus cuspidatus (Cooper, 1917); two Nematoda, Ascaridia spp. (Dujardin, 1845) and Camallanus intestinalus (Bashirullah, 1974); one Acanthocephala, Pallisentis ophiocephali (Thapar, 1930). Out of 75 hosts examined 52 were infected by 326 helminth parasites. Nematoda was the most dominant group (48.0%), followed by Acanthocephala (46.67%) and Cestoda (8.0%). The larger hosts were more infected than the smaller ones. A significant positive correlation was observed between the length of the host with respect to the abundance and prevalence of parasite for C. intentinalus and P. ophiocephali . Regarding the effect of seasonal changes, the prevalence of B. cuspidatus (14.81%) and Ascaridia spp. (22.22%) was highest in the rainy season. The highest prevalence of C. intestinalus (73.91%) was observed in winter. The prevalence of P. ophiocephali was high (84.0%) in summer. Except the abundance of B. cuspidatus (p = 0.147) all parasite species, Ascaridia spp. (p = 0.003), C. intestinalus (p < 0.01) and P. ophiocephali (p < 0.01) varied significantly among seasons. Overall prevalence of infection of male and female were 53.8% and 77.6%, respectively. A significant difference in the abundance of the parasite species with respect to host sex was observed only in C. intestinalus (Z = –2.886, p = 0.004). Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 25(1): 39-46, 2016


ABSTRACT So far, the relationship between Industrial Districts (IDs; clusters of interconnected local industries) and migrant enclaves (areas with a high concentration of international migrants from a single nationality) has been studied mostly by focusing on the emergence of 'ethnic enclave economies' within the district and/or by highlighting racist conflicts that achieved notoriety in the media. In this study, we contend that there is a more general and complex interaction between the two phenomena. This interaction is mediated by the local context, national regulations, and the organization of the international market, among other factors. By focusing on the case of the ceramic ID of Castelló de la Plana (Spain), we show how this ID with a high rate of job formality, combined with other job opportunities and a unique 'institutional completeness', set up the conditions for a non-conflictive Romanian migrant enclave that reached 14% of the town's total population in 2012. Finally, and also considering another case study of ID and migrant enclave (Prato, and its Chinese enclave), we suggest a model of interaction that should be interpreted taking into account the general dynamics of the international organization of value and the requirements of flexibility and reduction of costs that frame IDs.


Ambenonium is known to be an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, and recent data have shown this drug to antagonize muscarinic receptors as well. This latter property was confirmed by Schild analyses of ambenonium-induced blockade of responses to bethanechol in guinea-pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle, taenia caeci, trachea and rat anococcygeus muscle. Statistical analysis showed ambenonium to be a simple competitive antagonist of responses to bethanechol in these tissues with pKB values in each tissue not significantly different from each other (mean pKB = 6.0). However, considerable variability in pKB estimates was encountered when ambenonium was utilized to block responses to acetylcholine. Ambenonium was a less potent antagonist of tissue responses to acetylcholine, and the underestimation in the pKB (as compared to that obtained with bethanechol) could be eliminated by prior treatment of tissues with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine. These data suggested that ambenonium had a dual effect on tissue responses to acetylcholine-producing potentiation by blockade of acetylcholinesterase and concomitant antagonism by blockade of muscarinic receptors. The Schild regressions obtained for ambenonium antagonism of acetylcholine responses formally satisfied criteria for simple competitive antagonism of a homogenous population of receptors (linear regression, slope equal to unity). The fact that these regressions yielded erroneous apparent pKB values suggests how two properties of a drug in one molecule could provide misleading information about drug receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Summary The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV infection has resulted in significant reductions in mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, there is considerable interindividual variability in patient outcomes in terms of drug disposition, drug efficacy and adverse events. The basis of these differences is multifactorial, but host genetics are believed to play a significant part. To date, most attempts to explain this variability have focused on isolated single nucleotide polymorphisms. The most exciting development to date is the discovery of human leukocyte antigen subtype B*5701 (HLA B*5701) as a strong predictor of the abacavir hypersensitivity reaction. There is a gradual move away from single candidate gene analyses towards a high throughput whole genome approach. These studies must be performed on well characterized cohorts and reported associations must be validated in independent, ethnically diverse populations.


Gold and/or silver nanostars are interesting anisotropic nanoparticles that have been used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In particular SERS nanotags consisting of gold nanostars and Raman reporter molecules have been widely utilised in biosensing and bioimaging. To improve the SERS activity of gold/silver nanostars, this paper details the development of a simple synthesis method that results in the formation of quasi-spherical SERS nanotags and larger highly anisotropic nanoparticles with a novel structure, which we have designated nanosupernova. The resulting SERS nanotags and nanosupernova contain gold/silver nanostars at their core, a self-assembled monolayer of Raman reporter molecules, and a final silver coating. The silver coating is the essential step responsible for the formation of the two types of particles, with incubation time, and type of Raman reporter molecule, the defining factor as to which forms. We discovered that the Raman reporter molecule, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), plays a crucial role in controlling the morphology of nanosupernova. We believe the larger highly anisotropic nanoparticles will open new applications in material sciences and in optical and electronic devices in the future.


Persistent polynyas have been observed over several winters in Storfjorden, situated between Spitsbergen and Barentsoya/Edgeoya in the south of the Svalbard archipelago. Polynyas are in general active regions with respect to ocean-atmosphere heat exchange, presenting strong convection phenomena and as such being involved in important water mass formation and having an impact on the marine ecosystem. Hydrographic observations have revealed very dense (cold and saline) brine-enriched bottom waters leaving the continental shelf as gravity driven plumes into the deep sea west of Spitsbergen. Satellite observations, using ERS-2 SAR imagery, reveal the evolution of the Storfjorden polynya during winter 1997/98. After forming a complete ice cover until mid-January, Storfjorden responds dynamically to northerly winds by opening a large latent heat polynya. It occupies at its largest extent a region of up to 6000 km2 of open water, thin ice and brash ice. Comparable in size to other large Arctic polynyas, the Storfjorden polynya might have the same or even greater importance in the thermohaline circulation and bottom water mass formation. Ice production is estimated at 30 km3 in Storfjorden, rejecting around 700 Mt (Megatons) of salt that can raise the salinity in Storfjorden by 0.9-1.0 PSU. First studies and the winter 1997/98 evolution of this polynya are presented in this paper.


The need for qualified radiology personnel is expected to grow at a faster than average rate during the next decade according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. The demand for qualified personnel is a real and current problem for managers in many parts of the country today. Supplying the demand is the dilemma faced by the educator. In approaching this dilemma and in seeking solutions to the problem, this article will concentrate on three broad issues: recruitment and retention of qualified program applicants, current program trends, and the program curriculum. The facts will be presented, as best known today, and suggestions will be provided to address the major concerns identified.


Protein Modeling
Computational molecular physics (CMP) aims to leverage the laws of physics to understand not just static structures but also the motions and actions of biomolecules. Applying CMP to proteins has required either simplifying the physical models or running simulations that are shorter than the time scale of the biological activity. Brini et al. reviewed advances that are moving CMP to time scales that match biological events such as protein folding, ligand unbinding, and some conformational changes. They also highlight the role of blind competitions in driving the field forward. New methods such as deep learning approaches are likely to make CMP an increasingly powerful tool in describing proteins in action.

Science , this issue p. [eaaz3041][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaz3041


UNCERTIFICATED MIDWIVES. SiR,-The following case will help to illustrate your article on "Ignorant and Reckless Midwives." On August 16th, I received a note from the midwife of the village, stating that she would be obliged if I would send her a draught (meaning ergot) for Mrs. as the arm had come some time before the head, and the pains had stopped. On receipt of this note, I went at once to the case, and found the following condition of affairs. The arm had been external to the vulva since twelve o'clock (it was then five), and the liquor amnii had been escaping for four hours; the woman was in great distress, and the child dead. I had, as may be imagined, some difficulty in turning, but succeeded after giving chloroform, and the woman made a good recovery. If I bad acceded to the request contained in the note, the result may be imagined. -Yours truly, JOHN POWELL, JUN., L. R. C. P. Lond. Blyton House, Weybridge, September 2nd, 1884.


CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein transmembrane receptor that is involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. It crucially associates with several molecules composing the extracellular matrix, the main one of which is hyaluronic acid. It is ubiquitously expressed in various types of cells and is involved in the regulation of important signaling pathways, thus playing a key role in several physiological and pathological processes. Structural information about CD44 is, therefore, fundamental for understanding the mechanism of action of this receptor and developing effective treatments against its aberrant expression and dysregulation frequently associated with pathological conditions. To date, only the structure of the hyaluronan-binding domain (HABD) of CD44 has been experimentally determined. To elucidate the nature of CD44s, the most frequently expressed isoform, we employed the recently developed deep-learning-based tools D-I-TASSER, AlphaFold2, and RoseTTAFold for an initial structural prediction of the full-length receptor, accompanied by molecular dynamics simulations on the most promising model. All three approaches correctly predicted the HABD, with AlphaFold2 outperforming D-I-TASSER and RoseTTAFold in the structural comparison with the crystallographic HABD structure and confidence in predicting the transmembrane helix. Low confidence regions were also predicted, which largely corresponded to the disordered regions of CD44s. These regions allow the receptor to perform its unconventional activity.


In times of globalization, infectious diseases possess a transboundary dimension and are a common concern that require State cooperation The CoViD-19 pandemic - which hit every country in the world - has raised several doubts on the efficiency of global health governance In particular, the WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus faced criticism for his presumed strategy to appease China Against this backdrop, I will argue that the pandemic has shed light on the weaknesses of global health law Why States' preparedness to the coronavirus was so inefficient? Why neither WHO, neither its Member States have reacted to the evident China's violations of international law (in particular the duties to share epidemiological data, duty of early warning and the obligation to avoid transboundary harm)? Why the WHO Emergency Committee had decided at first not to declare a public health emergency? This paper explains the role of WHO Director-General in responding to the CoViD-19 outbreak within the broader context It will evaluate, in particular, which are the implications of the CoVid-19 Pandemic Declaration for health governance, its legal scope, and its contribution to the exercise of International Public Authority by WHO


A new concept of semi-compressible fluids is introduced for slightly compressible visco-elastic fluids (typically rather liquids than gasses) where mass density variations are negligible in some sense, while being directly controlled by pressure which is very small in comparison with the elastic bulk modulus. The physically consistent fully Eulerian models with specific dispersion of pressure-wave speed are devised. This contrasts to the so-called quasi-incompressible fluids which are described not physically consistently and, in fact, only approximate ideally incompressible ones in the limit. After surveying and modifying models for the quasi-incompressible fluids, we eventually devise some fully convective models complying with energy conservation and capturing phenomena as pressure-wave propagation with wave-length (and possibly also pressure) dependent velocity.


Motivated by some problems in the area of influence spread in social networks, we introduce a new variation on the domination problem which we call Threshold-Bounded Domination with Incentives. Let G = (V,E) be a graph with an influence threshold t(v) for each node. An assignment of external incentives to the nodes of G is a cost function c : V → N0, where c(v) is the incentive given to v ∈ V . The effect of applying incentive c(v) to node v is to decrease its threshold, i.e., to make v more susceptible to be dominated. A node is in the Threshold-Bounded dominating set D if it receives an incentive equal to its threshold, that is, c(v) = t(v). A node, which is not in D, is dominated if the number of its neighbors in D plus the incentives it has received is at least equal to the node threshold t(v). The goal is to minimize the total of the incentives required to ensure that all the nodes are dominated. The problem is log-APXcomplete in general networks with unbounded degree. We prove that a greedy strategy has approximation factor ln∆ + 2, where ∆ is the maximum degree of a node. We also give exact linear time algorithms for some classes of graphs.


Porphyritic albite-felsite sills and dikes are exposed in west-central Virginia in Highland County. Two biotite separates have K-Ar ages of 46.9 ± 1.1 and 47.2 ± 1.3 m.y. Seven whole-rock and the two biotite separates were analyzed for Rb, Sr, and Sr isotopic composition. These results indicate that the felsite is 37 ± 3 m.y. old; because of the very low percentage of radiogenic Sr 87 in the whole-rock and biotite samples the Rb-Sr age is considered to be less reliable than the K-Ar age. These results establish a location for Eocene igneous activity in the south-central Appalachian area. The period of time during which igneous activity occurred along the 38th-parallel lineament has been extended considerably. Highland County, Virginia, may have been at least one of the sources of volcanic ash found in sediments from the Coastal Plain of North America. The initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio of 0.704 indicates that the felsite magma was derived from the lower crust or upper mantle.


Sebelah fish (Psettodes spp.) is a demersal fish, which live in swallow waters and flat bottom. This fish can be caught using fish net, drift gill nets, and set gill nets. The purpose of this research was to determine the potential of sustainable with optimum effort, utilization rates and insistence, sustainability and management of fish resources in Malacca Strait. Research had been conducted in Mei – September 2014. The analysis of secondary data from 2009 – 2013 obtained from the Department of Marine and Fisheries Serdang Bedagai regency and Department of Marine and Fisheries North Sumatra province, and primary data obtained by performed questionnaires correspondent with the fishermen about the sustainability of Sebelah fish. The potential of sustainable prediction performed with Fox model. The result shown that MSY was 1.708.839 kg/year and optimum effort was 47.076 trips/year. Average utilization rate of 58,86% with an average insistence rate of 62,34%, while allowable catch 1.367.071 kg/year. The dimensional ecological, social, tecnological and ethical of Sebelah fish included in the sustainable category. The economic dimension included in the fairly continuous category. The management efforts was by selectivity of fishing gear, disallowance of fishing gear and control of fishing effort. Keywords: Psettodes spp., potential, utilization, sustainability, Malacca Strait.


In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), due to the mobility of the nodes it is difficult to find the route which can maintain the whole process of data transmission. Therefore, it is very critical to balance, maintain and repair the route within the mobility of nodes and the limited battery energy. Currently there are many protocols from different aspects to solve this problem. This paper proposes a new improved routing protocol, which is based on delayed replay program, and its main objective is to create the stable routing protocol based on hop AODV, node mobility speed and node communication state. The discovery process of improved routing protocols only let the low-speed node forwards the RREQ package, and re-routing request packet delay broadcast according to node's degree of busy. NS2 simulator is adopted to assess the performance of using the program. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than conventional methods, which mainly shows in better performance on the aspects on packet transmission rate of improved protocol, control overhead and end to end delay


Conjugated polymers (CPs) are a series of organic semiconductor materials with large π-conjugated backbones and delocalized electronic structures. Due to their specific photophysical properties and photoelectric effects, plenty of CPs with varied chemical structures and functions are quickly evolving in the diverse biomedical field, such as fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, etc. In addition, the functionalized side chains of CPs could contribute to the expected water-solubility, biocompatibility, biological response, etc. CPs can also be prepared into nanoparticles for acquiring controllable particle size and dispersion through the common synthesis procedure. In this review, we focus on the latest developments of CPs in biotherapy, biological regulation, biological response and bioprinting applications. The major challenges and outlooks of CPs for applications in the biomedical field are also discussed.


The interference with existing radio broadcasting services because of unintentional radiation is a serious problem in power-line communication (PLC) systems. A radiation detection method based on burst packets, which had been proposed by the authors and was called scan and sum (SAS) method, was a low cost method and used to solve the problem. But its measurement took a long time and the burst packets occupied a channel. To shorten the measurement time, a new method based on periodic packets has been proposed in this paper, which is called periodic packet sound (PPS) method. Although both methods record the radiated signal as a sound data, the PPS does not need to scan the frequency of an AM radio receiver but analyses the sound data by a cross-correlation operation with a reference signal. First, how to generate the reference signal that depends on the modems is described. Second, an optimization of the packet size is studied, and finally it is shown that the detection sensitivity of PPS was maintained to be the same as SAS while the measurement time of PPS was 1/9 shorter than that of SAS. Moreover, the channel occupation of PPS was reduced to be 2% of SAS when the packet size was optimized to be 1500 bytes.


The current study investigated some problems on: 1) the frequency use of learning strategy categories in listening deployed by university students, and 2) the distinguished use of the learning strategies by the high and low achiever university students. There were 140 second semester students and were majoring at English Education Department of Universitas Islam Malang. The students were required to answer the 85 strategy items provided in the Posteriori Taxonomy of Strategies of Learning English Listening Skill (Zuhairi & Hidayanti, 2014). Besides, the students' listening scores were compared in purpose to know the significant difference on the use of the learning strategies between the two groups. The finding revealed that the use of strategies were at moderate level. The most frequently used was selective attention strategies category, and social developing strategy was least intensively deployed by the students on learning listening skill. The result also indicated that high achiever students deployed more strategies than their counterparts.


Autophagy is a self-protective mechanism that degrades inner and outer invaded substances to sustain self-maintenance. SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) hypothesis suggests important roles of SNARE proteins in the cellular activities of substance transport and specific membrane fusion, unveiling the molecular mechanisms of normal and physiological activities within a cell. Since autophagy involves membrane fusions from the birth of autophagosomes to the formation of autolysosomes, we review recent research progress on the roles of SNARE proteins in regulating autophagy.