A study has been conducted to determine the differences in motivation and student learning outcomes by using video media and by conventional learning on Human Skeletal System subject at SMAN 1 Peukan Baro in Pidie Regency in 2016/2017 school year. The population of this study was 46 students. The entire population was selected as a research sample that is 23 students for the experimental class and 23 students for the control class. Motivation data and learning outcomes were collected through a pretest and posttest questionnaire. The learning outcomes were analyzed using the F test and Mann Whitney. The results showed that motivation and learning outcomes differed significantly between students who used video media learning and students who were teached conventionally with a P value of 0,000 < 0.05. In conclusion there are significant differences in motivation and learning outcomes between students who use video media learning and students who use conventional learning methods especially on the topic of the Human Skeletal System.


The purpose of this work was synthesis of a new copolymer consisting of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) and pyrazoloquinoline based dye, suitable to provide electroluminescence in the wavelength range corresponding to the blue. The obtained material was tested in a simple, single layer electroluminescent device. It were studied both its electronic and optical performances. It was found that the maximum of electroluminescence spectrum can be tuned within the wavelength of 450 nm and 490 nm (what reads in terms of colours as the blue and the cyan) by simple variation of the dye content.


This paper proposes a new interference cancellation scheme which includes demodulation and modulation, and uses channel state information to enhance the cancellation performance. In the presence of strong additive noise, the available cancellers actually add more noise to the received signal than those that they removed (G.E.Bottomley et al., Dec. 25). However, the proposed canceller in no case generates additional symbol errors as compared to the case without cancellation. It yields better performance than the method presented in D. Kim and G.L. Stuber (Oct 1998), and improves the symbol error ratio for signal-to-noise ratios greater than 4.0 dB, instead of 6.5 dB in D. Kim and G.L. Stuber (Oct 1998).


Background—The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular events remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review to determine the incident risk of cardiovascular events among patients with OSA. Methods and Results—We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE in January 2011 for prospective studies that followed up patients with OSA for incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Outcomes data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity assessed with the I2 statistic. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of different gradations of OSA severity based on apnea-hypopnea index. We identified 9 relevant studies from 1731 citations. OSA was associated with incident stroke in a meta-analysis of 5 studies (8435 participants), odds ratio (OR) 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.57–3.19; I2=7%. A significant association was seen in studies that were predominantly on men; OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.91–4.31, whereas data on women were sparse. In the overall analysis of 6 studies (8785 participants), OSA was nonsignificantly associated with ischemic heart disease (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.83–2.91), with significant findings in the 5 studies that recruited mainly men (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.06–3.48). Substantial heterogeneity was noted (I2=74%). OSA was linked to cardiovascular death in 2 studies involving 2446 participants (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.20–3.65, I2=0%). Regression analysis showed greater likelihood of stroke or cardiovascular events with increasing apnea-hypopnea index values. Conclusions—OSA appears to be associated with stroke, but the relationship with ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular mortality needs further research.


Purpose: To introduce the Collaborative Social Engagement (CSE) model as one of the best practices useful to higher education institutions for creating their social footprints of Service. The paper showcases the practice framework of the model by showcasing its impact on skill development, social service, social welfare and sustainability. The study carry out an outcome analysis of the best practice with the help of ABCD analysis framework.
Methodology: It is a Case study prepared on the reports published in the Srinivas University website. The requisite data is collected from the respective Coordinators appointed by the University to carry out the projects of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan Forum, Bosch Industry Academia Collaboration Centre, Srinivas Institute of Rural Reconstruction Agency, School Adoption Programme and Centre for Popularisation of Science and Technology. The content is analysed by review of literature and ABCD analysis framework.
Results & Outcome: The study recommends an innovative best practice model for the higher education institutions to carry out 'Social Engagement' as a service model to reach out to Society.
Originality: The paper introduces the 'Collaborative Social Engagement' model suitable for Institutions of Higher Education to carry out social responsibility by blending the outcomes of NGO interventions, Industry-Academia Collaboration, Village and School Adoption, public sensitization, and social service initiatives, etc.
Type of Paper: Case study on Best Practice.


Songkok Celleng is the mention of headgear for men in terms of the Maduresecommunity or often referred to as a cap and kopyah. The head covering or known asSongkok Celleng is a complementary part in dressing for the santri (student in IslamicBoarding School), traditional clothing in the community to clothing for bureaucratswho have an implicit significance in its use. In this scientific work, the writer uses asemiotic qualitative method according to Charles Sanders Pierce who specificallydescribes that the sign is able to represent something else. In addition, Pierce alsodefines the sign as something that can not be separated from the object of referenceand understanding of the subject of signs with trichotomy: representamen,interpretants and objects. From the research conducted, the conclusions that can beshown by the author are: (1) Songkok celleng (representamen) is a santri identitycontaining philosophical meaning of obedience or submission (interpretant) in theform of a head covering (object). (2) Songkok celleng is always present with the spiritof nationalism introduced by the First President of Indonesia (Sukarno) that SongkokCelleng is a national identity also strengthened by government regulations issuedduring the Soekarno administration.


A 4 blade tidal turbine has been modelled using computational fluid dynamics and validated against experimental data prior to modelling a 3 blade turbine. This is the first stage in the process of optimising a turbine to extract energy from the tide. The 3 blade turbine has been modelled in a number of tidal flows between 0.51 and 3.09m/s (1 and 6 knots) and the power predictions studied as well as the magnitude of the force on the turbine. The redevelopment of the flow downstream from the turbine has also been studied.


Motivation Identifying genes with bimodal expression patterns from large-scale expression profiling data is an important analytical task. Model-based clustering is popular for this purpose. That technique commonly uses the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for model selection. In practice, however, BIC appears to be overly sensitive and may lead to the identification of bimodally expressed genes that are unreliable or not clinically useful. We propose using a novel criterion, the bimodality index, not only to identify but also to rank meaningful and reliable bimodal patterns. The bimodality index can be computed using either a mixture model-based algorithm or Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Results We carried out simulation studies and applied the method to real data from a cancer gene expression profiling study. Our findings suggest that BIC behaves like a lax cutoff based on the bimodality index, and that the bimodality index provides an objective measure to identify and rank meaningful and reliable bimodal patterns from large-scale gene expression datasets. R code to compute the bimodality index is included in the ClassDiscovery package of the Object-Oriented Microarray and Proteomic Analysis (OOMPA) suite available at the web site http;//bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/Software/OOMPA.


The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals that reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and are undetected. Similarly to voices in a crowded room, the collection of unresolved signals gives rise to a background that is well-described via stochastic variables and, hence, referred to as the stochastic GW background (SGWB). In this review, we provide an overview of stochastic GW signals and characterise them based on features of interest such as generation processes and observational properties. We then review the current detection strategies for stochastic backgrounds, offering a ready-to-use manual for stochastic GW searches in real data. In the process, we distinguish between interferometric measurements of GWs, either by ground-based or space-based laser interferometers, and timing-residuals analyses with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). These detection methods have been applied to real data both by large GW collaborations and smaller research groups, and the most recent and instructive results are reported here. We close this review with an outlook on future observations with third generation detectors, space-based interferometers, and potential noninterferometric detection methods proposed in the literature.


We introduce the problem of timely private information retrieval (PIR) from $N$ non-colluding and replicated servers. In this problem, a user desires to retrieve a message out of $M$ messages from the servers, whose contents are continuously updating. The retrieval process should be executed in a timely manner such that no information is leaked about the identity of the message. To assess the timeliness, we use the age of information (AoI) metric. Interestingly, the timely PIR problem reduces to an AoI minimization subject to PIR constraints under asymmetric traffic. We explicitly characterize the optimal tradeoff between the PIR rate and the AoI metric (peak AoI or average AoI) for the case of $N=2,\ M=3$. Further, we provide some structural insights on the general problem with arbitrary $N,\ M$.


Background: A contralateral occult inguinal hernia is frequently observed in patients planned for a unilateral laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Surgical strategy for contralateral groin management in patients scheduled for an endo-laparoscopic unilateral inguinal hernia repair is controversial and based on questionable evidence. This study aimed to gather international opinion concerning the surgical strategy for the contralateral asymptomatic side when no hernia or lipoma is clinically evident at the preoperative examination or anamnesis. Methods: An international Internet-based questionnaire was sent to all the members of the European Hernia Society, the Americas Hernia Society, and the Asia Pacific Hernia Society. The clinical scenario for responders was a patient with a unilateral symptomatic inguinal hernia planned for endo-laparoscopic repair with no preoperative symptoms/lump on the contralateral side. Results: A total of 640 surgeons replied (response rate = 26%), of whom 506 were included for analysis. Most surgeons had performed > 300 repairs. The preferred surgical technique was evenly distributed between laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair and laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair. In total, 54% preferred to implant a prophylactic mesh on the contralateral side when an occult hernia was found, 47% when a lipoma was found, and 6% when no occult hernia/lipoma was identified. Conclusions: Mesh implementation was preferred by half of the endo-laparoscopic hernia surgeons for a contralateral occult hernia and/or lipoma. Although not supported by strong evidence, mesh implantation on the asymptomatic contralateral side might be cost-effective and perhaps beneficial in the long term but could be offset by increased risk of chronic pain and sexual dysfunction.


Background Clonorchis sinensis is a group I bio-carcinogen responsible for cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) in humans. However, the mechanism by which C. sinensis promotes carcinogenesis is unclear. Methodology Using the human cholangiocyte line H69, we investigated cell proliferation and gap junction protein expression after stimulation with the hepatotoxin N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and/or excretory-secretory products (ESP) of C. sinensis, which induce inflammation. NDMA and ESP treatment increased proliferation by 146% and the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase by 37%. Moreover, the expression of the cell proliferation-related proteins E2F1, Ki-67, and cancer related protein cytokeratin 19 and Cox-2 increased in response to combined treatment with NDMA and ESP. The gap-junction proteins connexin (Cx) 43 and Cx26 increased. In contrast, Cx32 expression decreased in cells treated with NDMA and ESP. Silencing of Cx43 reduced cell proliferation and significantly suppressed Cx26 and Cox-2 expression. Conclusions These results suggest that Cx43 is an important factor in CHCA induced by C. sinensis ESP and NDMA and further investigations targeting this pathway may allow prevention of this deadly disease.


High level sports require a steady intensification of training in order to raise the athletes' performance. With the purpose of support swimmers and coaches new biomechanical analysis are been performed, becoming one of the most studied areas in swimming. By using technology resources, significant results related to performance improvements are being achieved. Specific analysis of the movements, strength, velocity and projection allow identifying relevant points that directly impact athletes' results. In this context, this work uses a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN) with training combining the Gustafson-Kessel clustering method and the proposed Modified Differential Evolution (MDE) in order to perform the swimmer velocity profile identification. The main idea is to obtain the dynamic of the velocity profile and to use it to improve the athletes' swim style. Differential Evolution (DE) is an evolutionary algorithm that uses a rather greedy and less stochastic approach to solve problems when compared to other evolutionary methods [1]. However, to achieve good performance with DE, the tuning of control parameters is essential as its performance is sensitive to the choice of the mutation and crossover settings. On the other hand, the RBF-NN is a powerful approach for nonlinear identification. This paper combines the two strategies described above proposing a modified DE algorithm based on the association of a sinusoidal signal and chaotic sequences generated by logistic map for the mutation factor tuning. By using data collected from breaststroke and crawl swim style of an elite female swimmer, the validity and the accuracy of the RBF-NN model have been tested by simulations. Results reveal that it is feasible to establish a good model to represent data experimental related to swimming field. Identification results show that MDE outperforms both other tested classical DE approaches for training RBF-NNs in terms of solution quality.


In three experiments, rats were required to find a submerged platform by referring to the boundaries of a circular swimming pool. In the first experiment, rats with lesions of the hippocampus were impaired at finding the hidden platform, lending support for the proposal that learning to find a goal that is a certain direction and distance from a boundary is dependent upon the hippocampus. Experiments 2 and 3 offered preliminary tests to see if such boundary learning occurred incidentally, irrespective of the presence of a reliable landmark. In contrast to this proposal, a landmark hanging above the platform successfully restricted learning about the location of the platform with respect to the boundary of the arena. The discussion explores the capacity of the hippocampus to encode boundary information, as well as interprets the behavioral results on the basis of an associative learning framework.


Thirty five patients with chagasic megacolon were operated on by the technique of recto-colectomy with colo-rectal mechanical end-to-side anastomosis, anterior or posterior during the period of 1993 to 1997. Twenty (57.14%) patients were female and 15 (42.85%) male. The age ranged from 27 to 76 years, with a mean of 51years. The operation consisted of resection of the dilated colon, closure of the rectal stump at the level of the peritoneal reflexion, dissection of the rectrorectal space down to the level of the levator ani and posterior end to side colo-rectal mechanical anastomosis. Four (11.42%) patients had the anastomosis made anteriorly. Three (8.57%) patients had a positive test of the anastomosis integrity and demanded suture in two (5.71%) and suture and ostomy in one (2.85%). There were seven postoperative early complications, four (11.42%) considered important and four late complications. There was one (2.85%) death due to clinical complication. Patients that underwent colostomy were reoperated in order to close it with no problems. The totality of patients has normal bowel function. There were no complaints of sexual, urinary disturbances or fecal incontinence. The anastomosis was examined in all patients. There was no case of fecaloma in the rectal stump. Although the initial results are good, a long follow up is necessary to evaluate the possibility of recurrence.


Farnesyl diphosphate synthase(FPPS) is a key enzyme at the branch point of the sesquiterpene biosynthetic pathway, but there are no reports on the transcriptional regulation of FPPS promoter in Pogostemon cabin. In the early stage of this study, we obtained the binding protein PcFBA-1 of FPPS gene promoter in P. cabin. In order to explore the possible mechanism of PcFBA-1 involved in the regulation of patchouli alcohol biosynthesis, this study performed PCR-based cloning and sequencing analysis of PcFBA-1, analyzed the expression patterns of PcFBA-1 in different tissues by fluorescence quantitative PCR and its subcellular localization using the protoplast transformation system, detected the binding of PcFBA-1 protein to the FPPS promoter in vitro with the yeast one-hybrid system, and verified its transcriptional regulatory function by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The findings demonstrated that the cloned PcFBA-1 had an open reading frame(ORF) of 1 131 bp, encoding a protein of 376 amino acids, containing two conserved domains named F-box-like superfamily and FBA-1 superfamily, and belonging to the F-box family. Moreover, neither signal peptide nor transmembrane domain was contained, implying that it was an unstable hydrophilic protein. In addition, as revealed by fluorescence quantitative PCR results, PcFBA-1 had the highest expression in leaves, and there was no significant difference in expression in roots or stems. PcFBA-1 protein was proved mainly located in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid screening and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that PcFBA-1 was able to bind to FPPS promoter both in vitro and in vivo to enhance the activity of FPPS promoter. In summary, this study identifies a new transcription factor PcFBA-1 in P. cabin, which directly binds to the FPPS gene promoter to enhance the promoter activity. This had laid a foundation for the biosynthesis of patchouli alcohol and other active ingre-dients and provided a basis for metabolic engineering and genetic improvement of P. cabin.


Upper extremity stress fractures, which are relatively rare, have become increasingly common, with olecranon stress injuries representing a subset primarily affecting throwing athletes. Olecranon stress fractures have been classified to fit specific radiographic patterns, with most of these injuries typified by a fracture line. Only a handful of olecranon stress injury cases report magnetic resonance imaging findings of osseous edema within the olecranon, as in our case of a 17-year-old competitive overhand baseball pitcher with elbow pain. The patient was treated conservatively and had resolution of pain after 6 weeks of rest, followed by a 6-week throwing progression with full return to pitching.


This article is a study of the nature of the twelve new tribes restored through the Messiah and his twelve apostles in Luke–Acts. The author lays the foundation for his conclusion by tracing four elements of Luke's narrative: Jesus' election of twelve apostles in Luke 6:12-16; his kingdom-promise of the twelve judging the twelve tribes in 22:29-30; the inquiry after Israel's kingdom in Acts 1:6-8; and the subsequent re-constitution of the twelve-fold apostolate over the 120 believers in 1:15-26. The author argues that fulfilment of Luke 22:29-30 is the background for both the inquiry after the kingdom, the necessity of re-installing the twelfth apostle and the numerical detail of 120 believers in Acts 1. The author then examines Luke's broader ecclesiology and restoration programme as it pertains to the nature of the eschatological twelve tribes, before he summarises his research. In sum, the article argues on exegetical and biblical-theological grounds that the re-constitution of the twelve tribes is Christocentric in nature and that Luke's messianic vision of the twelve-tribe restoration includes even Gentiles as full-fledged members of the eschatological twelve-tribe Israel.


In the modern health services era, data is accessed by the doctors and nurses using small handheld devices like mobile, Personal Digital Assistants and other electronic handheld devices. Individual's health related information is normally stored in a central health repository. This data can be accessed by authorized doctors. Data is prone to be exposed to a number of mobile attacks while being accessed. Potential attacks like man-in-the-middle attacks can be seen while accessing the information from the central health repositories using handheld devices. This paper proposes an architecture using XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) policy to control the privacy and data access of health service data accessed through handheld devices.


Daniel Blackshields, James Cronin, Bettie Higgs, Shane Kilcommins, Marian McCarthy and Anthony Ryan (eds.) (2015) How can we make higher-education curriculum relevant for diverse learners? Such a question lies at the heart of the conceptualisation of "integrative learning". Building on work developed in America in the late 1990s and continued through research including Huber and Hutchings's (2004) seminal Integrative Learning: Mapping the Terrain, Klein's (2005) Integrative learning and interdisciplinary studies and Higgs, Kilcommins and Ryan's (2010) Making Connections: Intentional Teaching for Integrative Learning, this edited book, Integrative Learning: International research and practice, perpetuates the development of a shared language around understanding integrative learning.


Abstract: Drawing on Svetlana Boym's distinction between "restorative" and "reflective" nostalgia, the essay maps two broad, and often overlapping, ideal types of Yugonostalgia expressed in and through contemporary former Yugoslav film, popular music, and multi-media. The first expresses reconstructive longing for an essential Yugoslav past; the second offers self-consciously ambivalent and critical frames in indulging fantasies of this past. What different forms of Yugonostalgia share in common is challenging symbolic geographies of disunity that have dominated political discourse in former Yugoslavia for the last two decades. The two types can be differentiated by their stance toward the presentpast and the future: while both of them are based on fantasies of the past, the "restorative" Yugonostalgic looks backward towards a seemingly fixed time and space while "reflective" nostalgic restlessly grapples with the dislocation so palpable in the former Yugoslavia to imagine alternative futures.


Background: Brucellosis is a contagious and febrile disease endemic to Iran. Increased antibiotic resistance in endemic areas may lead to increased risk of treatment failure and the risk of disease relapse. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Brucella species isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Iran. Methods: Using national and international databases and extracted keywords from the MeSH database, a fully computerized search was done until 11 June 2018. Of 385 collected studies on the prevalence of drug resistance of Brucella species isolated in Iran, six articles were included in the meta-analysis using predefined eligibility criteria. Results: Overall resistance rates of Brucella species to different antibiotics in Iran were as follows: doxycycline: 0%, tigecycline: 5.1%, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: 5.7%, ciprofloxacin: 2.7%, streptomycin: 5%, rifampin: 9.5%, tetracycline: 4.6%, gentamicin: 3.9%, moxifloxacin: 0%, erythromycin: 33.3%, azithromycin: 5.8% and ceftriaxone: 6.3%. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalence of drug resistance of Brucella species isolated from clinical and environmental samples in Iran was acceptable and low. However, care should be exercised in the use of common antibiotics for the treatment of brucellosis to prevent the spread of drug resistance.


The general Assembly of the UN proclaimed carrying out the first decade of the twenty first eyelid to fight for poverty eradication, the solution of environmental problems and completion of resources and health of the population of a planet. Problem of wellbeing, ecology, completion of resources and health of the population of a planet it is more expedient to solve on the basis of uniform health of preserving green economy.


Even at this still early stage in the development of the chronostratigraphic framework in eastern Africa a number of important advances have been reported. As more attention is paid to the different responses of food producers to the variety of resources provided by the range of available environments then, and only then, will we be in a position to understand the diachronic processes which result in settlement aggregation and urban development. In the Lake Nyanza region at the hub of the Sudanic and Guinea–Congolian regional vegetation centres, early dates for iron working are not yet convincing enough to demonstrate independent invention of iron working, but the region is almost certainly the most important diffusion source of the technique to the eastern and southern sectors of the sub-continent. Currently available data from the Maasai–Somali region show clearly the early adoption of food production techniques and a capacity to absorb iron technology without necessarily abandoning pastoral production. This did not, however, mean a lack of development based on agriculture as the towns of the Somali coast with their advanced craft production clearly show. However, it is interesting that the urban development seems closely linked to the juxtaposition of the valuable agricultural resources provided by the Shabelle river running close to the coast and the marine resources of the littoral. The Zanzibar–Inhambane floral mosaic provides a context for the spread southwards of the early farming communities and for the development of the coastal towns. Particularly important here appears to have been the combination of surface and arboreal forms of agriculture with the exploitation of marine resources. Links eastwards with the specialized floral communities of the Comoro archipelago and Madagascar were also fully established. The highlands of Madagascar experienced the expansion from the eleventh century a.d. onwards of a settlement system increasingly focused upon hydraulic agriculture which culminated in the powerful Merina kingdom and ultimately the present day capital of Antananarivo. On the continent relatively little penetration into the Zambezian miombo woodland communities was achieved by the coastal urban dwellers. In the woodlands of the vast highlands of the interior different developmental trajectories of settlement systems occurred. Here food production cannot be shown to have become established earlier than the late first millennium b.c. But by the mid first millennium a.d. significant settlement hierarchies based on mixed cropping and cattle keeping were established on the Zimbabwe plateau and the margins of the Kalahari. These together with the incorporation of the opportunities presented by inter-regional exchange and the exotic trade goods penetrating from the coast ultimately gave rise to the powerful state formations of the Mapungubwe and Zimbabwe traditions. Together these developments show a remarkable degree of regional articulation and it remains true that an adequate understanding of the processes giving rise to urbanism in any part of eastern Africa cannot be understood in isolation.


This research aimed to investigate the role of glyoxalase 1 (Glo-1) polymorphisms in the susceptibility of schizophrenia. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and spectrophotometric assays technology, significant differences in Glo-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression (P = 3.98 × 10−5) and enzymatic activity (P = 1.40 × 10−6) were found in peripheral blood of first-onset antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia and controls. The following receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that Glo-1 could predict the schizophrenia risk (P = 4.75 × 10−6 in mRNA, P = 1.43 × 10−7 in enzymatic activity, respectively). To identify the genetic source of Glo-1 risk in schizophrenia, Glo-1 polymorphisms (rs1781735, rs1130534, rs4746, and rs9470916) were genotyped with SNaPshot technology in 1,069 patients with schizophrenia and 1,023 healthy individuals. Then, the impact of risk polymorphism on the promoter activity, mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity was analyzed. The results revealed significant differences in the distributions of genotype (P = 0.020, false discovery rate (FDR) correction) and allele (P = 0.020, FDR correction) in rs1781735, in which G > T mutation significantly showed reduction in the promoter activity (P = 0.016), mRNA expression, and enzymatic activity (P = 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively, GG vs. TT, in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia) of Glo-1. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) findings were followed up with the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. The TT genotype of rs1781735, associated with lower RNA expression in the brain (P < 0.05), showed decreased neuronal activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in schizophrenia (P < 0.001). In aggregate, this study for the first time demonstrates how the genetic and biochemical basis of Glo-1 polymorphism culminates in the brain function changes associated with increased schizophrenia risk. Thus, establishing a combination of multiple levels of changes ranging from genetic variants, transcription, protein function, and brain function changes is a better predictor of schizophrenia risk.


The amino acid sequence of the cysteine proteinase CC-III from the latex of the subtropical species Carica candamarcensis Hook has been determined with the exception of seven residues (pos. 180-186). It was deduced from the sequence analysis of the whole chain and peptides obtained by tryptic, chymotryptic, peptic and thermolysinolytic hydrolysis. CC-III consists of 214 amino acid residues. Out of a total of eight cysteine residues, six are located at positions involved in the formation of the three disulfide bridges stabilizing the structure of papain related enzymes. CC-III from Carica candamarcensis is a glycoprotein with the carbohydrate moiety bound to asparagine at position 44. Out of 210 residues compared with the sequences of the four cysteine proteinases of Carica papaya L., CC-III shares 125 identical ones (59.5%) with papain, 142 (67.6%) with papaya proteinase IV, 146 (69.5%) with papaya proteinase III and 156 (74.3%) with chymopapain. All amino acid residues constituting the active site and subsite S2 in chymopapain are conserved in CC-III with the exception of the substitution Leu157--> Val in the latter. This fact as well as the highest degree of identity between CC-III and chymopapain point to a similar specificity of both enzymes and thus CC-III might be a suitable substitute for chymopapain as a chemonucleolytic agent.


ABSTRACT. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary electrolyte excretion were measured in 137 healthy children aged 6 to 14 years. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was measured in 52 of the children. Nocturnal 12‐hour urine was collected in 110 of the children. Spot urine was collected on two occasions, once just before lying down, once after 90‐min supine rest in another 27. Na/K ratio and fractional Na excretion rate (FENa) in 12‐hour urine showed a significant inverse correlation with PRA or PAC. Na excretion (mmol/min, mmol/mmol creatinine), Na/K ratio and FENa in the spot urine following 90 min in a supine position showed a significant inverse correlation with PRA or PAC, but they failed to show a significant relationship to PRA or PAC in the spot urine preceding supine rest. A spot urine after 90 min in the supine position is collected easily and hence most appropriate to study the relationship between Na excretion and PRA or PAC clinically.


N-type GaAs substrates have been exposed to zinc atmospheres at 600-800 deg.C and focused light from a Kr-ion laser at 647.1 nm. Etch pits are generated at optical densities of 0.2-10 KW/cm2 and exposure times of 5-60 minutes. They are characterised by a smooth profile with typical diameters of 50-80 μm and depths of 0.1-50 μm. The etch depth depends strongly on the laser power and on the zinc and arsenic vapor concentrations. The onset of etching is characterized by an increase in surface reflectivity of up to 10 per cent which is probably due to the formation of a thin liquid metal film. The growth of this film is initiated by optically generated holes at the semiconductor surface. The film is not saturated and dissolves GaAs from the substrate. In addition to etching, thermal diffusion of zinc can be observed in samples subjected to long exposure times or high temperatures


Objective: To understand the associations between overweight-obesity and puberty timing in children with different genders. Methods: The girls in grade 2, 3, 7, 8 and boys in grade 3, 4, 7, 8 were recruited from primary and middle schools in North new area of Shenyang, Yanqing district of Beijing, Erqi district of Zhengzhou and Jiulongpo district of Chongqing by purposive sampling method between October and December 2014, respectively. The information of demographic characteristics of the respondents were collected and the pubertal development status was evaluated by Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). A total of 6 701 students were recruited; 6 137 out of which were valid with complete questionnaires. The associations between overweight-obesity and puberty timing were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight-obesity in primary schools were 34.8% (522/1 499) among boys and 24.2% (341/1 409) among girls, respectively. The prevalence of overweight-obesity in middle schools were 31.3% (591/1 658) among boys and 21.8% (342/1 571) among girls, respectively. The prevalence of premature puberty in primary schools were 15.0% (225/1 499) among boys and 14.2% (200/1 409) among girls, respectively. The prevalence of delayed puberty in middle schools were 14.3% (237/1 658) among boys and 14.9% (234/1 571) among girls, respectively. After adjusting the effects of region, age, one-child, family income and the parents' educational levels, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that overweight-obesity had significantly positive association with premature puberty (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.56-2.99) among girls in primary schools, and significantly negative association with delayed puberty (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.36-0.80) among girls in middle schools when compared with students with normal weights, both P values were <0.05. There was no significant associations among boys in primary and middle schools between overweight-obesity and puberty timing, and the corresponding OR(95%CI) were 1.08(0.80-1.45) and 0.93(0.69-1.27) respectively, both P values >0.05. Conclusion: There was significantly positive association between overweight-obesity and premature puberty among girls, and significantly negative association with delayed puberty among girls in middle schools; but the association was not found among boys.


Empirical evaluation is nowadays the main evaluation paradigm in Natural Language Processing for assessing the relevance of a new machine-learning based model. If large corpora are available for tasks such as Automatic Speech Recognition , this is not the case for other tasks such as Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), consisting in translating spoken transcriptions into a formal representation often based on semantic frames. Corpora such as ATIS or SNIPS are widely used to compare systems, however differences in performance among systems are often very small, not statistically significant , and can be produced by biases in the data collection or the annotation scheme, as we presented on the ATIS corpus ("Is ATIS too shallow?, IS2018"). We propose in this study a new methodology for assessing the relevance of an SLU corpus. We claim that only taking into account systems performance does not provide enough insight about what is covered by current state-of-the-art models and what is left to be done. We apply our methodology on a set of 4 SLU systems and 5 benchmark corpora (ATIS, SNIPS, M2M, MEDIA) and automatically produce several indicators assessing the relevance (or not) of each corpus for benchmarking SLU models.


The modern theory of the evolving Earth is based on integrated isotopic data obtained for the accessible part of the planet and cosmic bodies, in which the U–Pb isotope system plays a key role. The theory is tested by the isotope systematics of oceanic basalt sources. The origin of continental volcanic rocks is often interpreted in terms of the isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts. However, such interpretations, as a rule, reveal contradictions arising from differences in the history and current mantle dynamics of oceans and continents. Under the oceans, a mantle material has long lost connection with the accessible Earth tectonic units; under the continents such a connection is often established. The nature of the evolution of deep‐seated processes under the continents remains uncertain and, by analogy with the oceans, requires deciphering in terms of the components of the mantle sources for volcanic rocks. In modern lithospheric plates of the Earth, there are regions ranging in width from hundreds to thousands of kilometers, which are characterized by high strain rates and, consequently, at least one to two orders of magnitude lower viscosity relative to that of the internal stable parts of the plates. This gives them a special structural status of "dispersed plate boundaries". The isotope‐geochemical studies of volcanic rocks from regions of the unstable Asia revealed the different nature of components in sources, for which particular interpretations have been proposed. In this paper, a general systematics of sources is defined for volcanic rocks of the latest geodynamic stage in Asia through estimating the incubation time on the 207Pb/204Pb versus 206Pb/204Pb diagram. Two domains are designated: (1) low 238U/204Pb (LOMU) derived from the viscous protomantle (VIPMA), and (2) elevated 238U/204Pb (ELMU). The mantle domains evolved from the Earth's primary material between 4.51 and 4.36 Gyr ago, 4.0 and 3.7 Gyr ago, 2.9 and 2.6 Gyr ago, 2.0 and 1.8 Gyr ago, about 0.66 Gyr ago and <0.09 Gyr ago. Melting anomalies of ELMU sources characterize the unstable mantle of Southern Asia, and those of LOMU sources belong to the Japan‐Baikal geodynamic corridor of the transitional region between the unstable mantle of Asia and its stable core. The Late Cenozoic evolution of the Japan‐Baikal geodynamic corridor resulted in cutting the LOMU domain by the Jeju‐Vitim ELMU source line.


Objective: To assess the association of gender, level of education and marital status on the dental anxiety levels of patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 400 patients visiting the dental OPD of Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from June 2019 to June 2020. A questionnaire regarding level of dental anxiety was given to the patients. Data were collected using a pre-validated scale with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.89; Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Chi square test was applied to see the association of socio-demographic factors on dental anxiety. P value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Our data showed that the association between gender and level of dental anxiety was statistically significant (p-value 0.04). It was found to be no significant association of age, edu - cation level and marital status with level of anxiety (p=0.934, p=0.484, p=0.422) respectively. Conclusion: Majority of males and females experienced moderate to low anxiety. It was seen that the greatest percentage of patients with moderate/low anxiety as well as high anxiety had tertiary education. A similar trend was seen in unmarried patients The age group 18 to 29 years was the group that reported experiencing highest percentage of low/moderate anxiety as well as high anxiety


In this paper, a video streaming system for education based on a wireless mesh network is proposed. A wireless mesh network is a self-organizing, self-managing and reliable intelligent network, which allows educators to deploy a network quickly. Video streaming plays an important role in this system for multimedia data transmission. This new system adopts the scalable video coding scheme that enables the video server to deliver layered videos to different user groups. In addition, a quality control method was developed to automatically change the output data rate based on network conditions. Real implementation test results show the proposed methods are effective. mobility for users and can break the barrier of space to deliver the education resources (Moody & Schmidt, 2004). These technologies are more attractive to those in remote areas or want to learn anytime and anywhere. WLAN (Bing, 2006), as a low cost, high broadband Internet access technology, and the support for mobile users, is especially appealing nowadays in educational institutions. Most of the universities in western countries are covered by WLAN for teachers and students to get access to the Internet and share resources. However, there are some inherent disadvantages of WLAN technology, i.e. the access points are fixed, the coverage range is short, and the mobility beDOI: 10.4018/jdet.2011010101 2 International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 9(1), 1-20, January-March 2011 Copyright © 2011, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. tween access points is limited. These demerits hinder the applications of WLAN in the situation where a network is needed temporarily or mobility is a primary concern. Recently, a new networking technology has been developed to break the barriers of WLAN. This is wireless mesh network (WMN) (Wang, 2008). WMN is a self-organizing, self-managing and reliable wireless communication network that provides dynamic topology allowing users to join and leave the network automatically. It enlarges the coverage of WLAN and provides full mobility for end users. In addition, it can be deployed wherever battery power or solar power is needed for some special occasions, such as outdoor wildlife observations and sport activities. Further to previous successful development of WMN in healthcare (Iqbal, Wang, Wertheim, & Zhou, 2009; Wang, Iqbal, & Zhou, 2008), a WMN for education system has been developed in this paper. This new system focuses on video streaming in WMN to provide multimedia education services. It classifies the end users into different communication groups based on the processing ability of the devices and the conditions of network to obtain optimal transmission results. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: after the brief introduction of the wireless mesh network technology, a framework design of video streaming system in WMN is proposed. Then the details of scalable video streaming techniques in a WMN have been presented. Last quality control of video streaming in the WMN, system implementation and evaluation are presented consecutively.


ABSTRACT There has been limited research into the impact of disasters on farming women, although it has been suggested that this population can face certain physical, social, and economic disadvantages that affect their recovery. In this study, we explored the impact of the 2010–2011 floods in the state of Victoria in Australia on the lives of six farming women with 20-50+ years of farming experience. Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed that the women experienced posttraumatic growth, transitioning from helplessness and emotional distress to acceptance and understanding. Although further research is needed, the findings suggest that engagement in meaningful activity contributed to these women's recovery after the flood. This knowledge may be used to inform the delivery of services and resources in flood-prone rural areas. Highlights: Three themes emerged from the data (helplessness, adapting to change, and self-discovery); findings can be related to dimensions of posttraumatic growth; and engagement in meaningful activity appeared to facilitate positive change.


Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common lymphoma in the United States and is characterized by a variable clinical course, disease heterogeneity, and a relapse-and-remittance pattern historically accompanied by successive shortening of clinical response with every line of treatment. Factors such as progression of disease within 24 months of initial treatment are associated with poor survival outcomes. Although rituximab-based regimens are preferred for early lines of treatment, no clear standard of care exists for treatment of FL in the third-line setting or later as approved third-line treatments have not been compared in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Rather, physicians may choose from several therapeutic classes with different safety profiles and dosing regimens, with consideration of patient and disease factors. Here we describe 2 hypothetical patients with relapsing or remitting FL, an elderly patient with comorbidities, and a younger patient whose FL progressed within 24 months. These cases are used to highlight key factors that clinicians should consider when selecting therapies for relapsed or refractory FL, such as patient frailty, age, comorbidities, as well as quality of life and patient-specific preferences for less intrusive treatment regimens or longer remission times.


A study was carried out of 32 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis the diagnois of which was quite definite according to Mac Alpine's criteria and which had developed over more than two years. Comparison was made with patient suffering from optic neuritis of a different aetiology and with normal subjects. The method of investigation was dynamic electroretinoencephalography : the visual evoked potentials were investigated after stimulation by white and coloured light before and after adapatation to darkness. The specificity of the results was tested by, firstly, electro-retinogram recording for control of the visual system, and secondly, by the recording of auditory evoked potentials for control cerebral function. Abnormalities in visual evoked potentials were found in 77 percent of the cases. In particular, there was delayed latency, that is, a slowing of retino-cortical conduction. The significance of these abnormalities is discussed, by analyzing the electroclinical correlationships according to whether there was obvious or subclinical optic neuritis, and the dissemination, activity or duration of the disease. The incidence of visual evoked potential abnormalities was considerably greater than that in optic neuritis (35 percent). The links between abnormalities in nervous conduction and demyelinisation are emphasized. The role and specificity of electrophysiological investigation in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis are discussed.


Infinite antichains of permutations have long been used to construct interesting permutation classes and counterexamples. We prove the existence and detail the construction of infinite antichains with arbitrarily large growth rates. As a consequence, we show that every proper permutation class is contained in a class with a rational generating function. While this result implies the conclusion of the Marcus-Tardos theorem, that theorem is used in our proof.


Stable fundamental transverse and single longitudinal mode CW behaviour is demonstrated using a Gaussian channel substrate planar waveguide laser. Highly reliable performance including low threshold current, extremely low spontaneous background level and high-power CW operation has been achieved. In addition, the longitudinal mode has a locking range of 7.8°C, where the wavelength changes at a rate of 0.6 A/°C.


Monitoring snow distribution area plays an important role in researching climate change and energy exchange process. Chinese small satellite constellation (abbreviated HJ constellation) is special for environment and disaster continuously monitoring or forecasting. By using HJ-1B CCD and infrared data or only using its infrared data, it can construct NDSI (Normalized Difference Snow Index) or MNDSI (Modified Normalized Difference Snow Index) respectively to detect snow area. However, obtaining the CCD and infrared images at the same time is impossible for the long time monitoring. Furthermore, snow area is mixed with vegetation, the snow index's value will be reduced, and snow area in these places could not be detected accurately. Therefore, this paper introduces an improved snow cover monitoring method based on MNDSI and priori information of vegetation to increase the detection accuracy of snow area by using HJ-1B infrared image. The proposed method has the higher precision than the compared method.


Twenty samples of commercial vaccines intended for administration to humans were assayed for the presence of bacterial endotoxins by using the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Sixteen of the vaccines contained more than 0.1 ng of endotoxin per ml (which corresponds to 103 bacterial cell wall equivalents per ml in the undiluted vaccines). These results suggest that at some stage of preparation, the vaccines have contained varying amounts of gram-negative bacteria and may indicate the presence of other bacterial products as well. It might be useful to list the level of endotoxins, phage, and other contaminants on each vaccine lot to facilitate studies on any side effects of these contaminants. Selection of vaccine lots with the least endotoxin might reduce some of the adverse effects of vaccinations.


Background Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum antiviral undergoing clinical development for treating influenza and other viral respiratory infections such as those caused by rhinovirus/enterovirus and coronavirus including the emerging SARS-CoV-2. Methods Nitazoxanide is a mild uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, which is modulating the ATP production in cells. ATP is an essential component of viral replication, and we have evaluated the effect of tizoxanide (TIZ), the active circulating metabolite of NTZ, on ATP in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and in MDCK cells infected with influenza A and B viruses. Results TIZ decreased cellular ATP in a dose-dependent manner in MDCK cells and in MDCK cells infected with influenza A and B viruses. Maximum inhibition of ATP in influenza infected or uninfected MDCK cells reached up to 45% after 6 and 24 hours of exposure to 100µM TIZ. The decrease in cellular ATP did not affect cell viability and was reversible after eliminating TIZ from the culture. Conclusion The concentrations of TIZ required to decrease cellular ATP levels were similar to those reported to inhibit replication of influenza A and B viruses in our laboratory. A decrease in ATP triggers activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is known to suppress the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of TIZ on mitochondrial function.


To investigate the mechanism underlying tactile spatial attention, reaction times (RTs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in response to mechanical stimuli delivered to the hands. At the start of each trial cues indicated either the correct (valid) or incorrect (invalid) tactile stimulus location or were uninformative (neutral). RT costs (suppression of invalid compared to neutral trials) were found to be larger than benefits (enhancement of valid compared to neutral trials). ERPs showed that costs and benefits contribute equally to attentional modulations of the somatosensory N140 component, whereas these were largely due to costs at longer latencies. These results differ from the pattern of attentional ERP modulations previously found for vision and audition, where costs precede benefits, and therefore suggest that the mechanisms of attentional selectivity in touch might be different from attentional processes in other modalities.


Despite relatively high levels of psychological distress, many students in higher education do not seek help for difficulties. This study explored undergraduate student understanding of the concepts of mental health and mental well-being and where undergraduate students would seek help for mental well-being difficulties. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 undergraduate students from 5 different subject areas. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results highlighted that the majority of participants viewed mental health and mental well-being as two distinct concepts but their views did not affect where they would seek help for mental well-being difficulties. Medical students reported public stigma relating to help seeking for mental well-being difficulties. Undergraduate students are most likely to seek help for mental well-being difficulties from peers, but whether this experience is useful is less clear. How such an approach impacts upon the individual from whom assistance is sought is also not well understood.


'Jumps racing' (steeplechasing and hurdling) has long been a source of public controversy about animal welfare in Australia, and is now conducted only in Victoria and South Australia. Drawing together questions about sport, gambling and rural lives with analysis of human-horse relations, debate about jumps racing reveals much about the shifting terms of ethical debate, the interplay of tradition and change and the role of media in communicating value conflict. This presentation extends a previous study of the diverse frames with which Australian print media represent jumps racing. Focussed on 2008 and 2009, the initial study captured the peak period of equine fatalities when jumps racing seemed on the cusp of collapse due to public and political opposition. The current research focuses on 2012 and 2013, a period that proponents of jumps racing characterise as one of resurgence. A sample of regional and national print media sources is analysed to identify how this resurgence is interpreted and communicated, and to compare and contrast the two periods. The findings concentrate on ways in which media representations of horse lives and deaths shape and are shaped by broader public engagement with issues of animal welfare.


We have been developing a high temperature superconducting fault current limiting transformer (HT/sub c/-SFCLT) with functions of both superconducting transformer in normal operating condition and superconducting fault current limiter in fault condition. The ratings of the developed HT/sub c/ SFCLT are 3-phase, 6.25 kVA, 275/105 V. The secondary coil consists of melt cast processed (MCP)-BSCCO2212/CuNi composite bulk monofilar coils, whereas the primary coil is composed of a copper coil, both of which are immersed in liquid nitrogen bath together with the iron core. Experimental results revealed the operational feasibility of HT/sub c/-SFCLT through no-load and short-circuit tests, current limiting test and recovery test.


Abstract In De caelo II.12 Aristotle considers the following problem. If the sphere of the fixed stars shows only one (kind of) movement it would be reasonable to expect that the number of movements of the other celestial bodies would proportionally increase with the increasing distance from the outermost sphere. However, the contrary happens: while the planets, which are placed between the outermost sphere and sun and moon, exhibit many and various movements, the sun and the moon perform only a few movements. In dealing with this problem Aristotle surprises his readers with an alarming comparison: when playing dice, he says, it is most difficult to make ten thousand successful throws in a series, while it is comparatively easy to make one or two of them. So the reader is faced with the image of a game of dice at a crucial point in Aristotle's account of superlunary movement, which, apart from that, is supposed to be the embodiment of well-orderedness and regularity. The paper works out the whole comparison to which the mentioning of the game of dice belongs. It offers a reading of the corresponding passages that avoids the perplexing consequence that certain celestial bodies move just like dice.


This work introduces characteristics of twisted pair cables which play an important role in transferring data. In this paper, category 5 enhanced as a type of unshielded twisted pair cables was selected to verify all tests on it according to ISO/IEC 11801 as one of international standard specifications. Random samples were selected from cables market. All tests were done on these samples to make sure of using validity and complying with the international standard. After testing the selected samples, it is found that 4% are not satisfying the international standard specification while as 96% are satisfying the international standard specification.


Corporations are facing a growing demand for the transparency of political contributions. In the United States, this demand has largely focused on the implementation of a mandatory disclosure law. It rests on the assumption that legal enforcement can make it easier to observe the ties between corporations and political parties. In this study, I challenge this assumption. I build my case by first developing a conceptual foundation of corporate political transparency (CPT). I argue that in the absence of economic benefits, legal enforcement has a limited effect on CPT. Instead of encouraging transparency, mandatory disclosure can lead to the concealment of corporate political contributions. To develop a model of concealment, I borrow the characterizations of disguise from theatrical drama. Using the context of Indian firms, I show the limitation of mandatory disclosure and the efficacy of regulatory incentive. My study highlights the need for a broader debate on CPT to understand the relative implications of regulatory policies.


The paper presents a novel technique for the design of optimal calibration experiments for a planar anthropomorphic manipulator with n degrees of freedom. Proposed approach for selection of manipulator configurations allows essentially improving calibration accuracy and reducing parameter identification errors. The results are illustrated by application examples that deal with typical anthropomorphic manipulators.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune disease, whose main forms are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The main treatment of IBD includes oral administration of anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive agents enclosed in traditional dosage forms, intended to release the active ingredient in the large intestine. However, most of them have been designed based on the physiology of healthy colon, which differs distinctly from conditions met in IBD patients risking adverse effects and patient intolerance. The use of nanoparticles as a drug carrier for treatment of IBD is a promising approach that is capable of solving this problem. Previous studies have shown a size-dependent behavior, where reducing the particle size, increases the targeting efficacy and the residence time compared to healthy controls. Areas Covered: This review covers the utilization of nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for treating IBD. They can reach the inflamed colonic sites either by endothelial or epithelial delivery employing passive and active targeting strategies. The effect of particle size is analyzed in detail while elucidating other essential parameters such as the particle surface properties. Expert Opinion: One of the most important advantages of nanoparticles is their passive targeting to the inflamed colonic tissues due to their size. Recent findings underline that this size-dependent bioadhesion behavior can be further enhanced by selecting smart surface properties to help in penetrating the mucus and reach the inflamed sites.


In cancer, missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain of TP53 are common. They abrogate canonical p53 activity and frequently confer gain-of-oncogenic function (GOF) through localization of transcriptionally active mutant p53 to noncanonical genes. We found that several recurring p53 mutations exhibit a sex difference in frequency in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). In vitro and in vivo analysis of three mutations, p53R172H, p53Y202C, and p53Y217C, revealed unique interactions between cellular sex and p53 GOF mutations that determined each mutation's ability to transform male versus female primary mouse astrocytes. These phenotypic differences were correlated with sex- and p53 mutation–specific patterns of genomic localization to the transcriptional start sites of upregulated genes belonging to core cancer pathways. The promoter regions of these genes exhibited a sex difference in enrichment for different transcription factor DNA-binding motifs. Together, our data establish a novel mechanism for sex-specific mutant p53 GOF activity in GBM with implications for all cancer. Significance: Sex differences in cancer, including glioblastoma, have been observed in both incidence and outcome. We reveal that TP53, the most commonly mutated gene in cancer, contributes to sex differences through differential GOF activity. This discovery has critical implications for our understanding of p53 mutations and the importance of sex as a biological variable.


Detection of perspective research areas in academic studies is of key importance for successful development and enhancement of the competitive performance of research organizations, universities, and the country. This task is usually solved by the expert community; however, the use of results of bibliometric analysis can give significant support to experts for informed decisions. The paper uses a case study of Earth Sciences to present a bibliometric model for the detection of perspective research in individual research organizations. The model is based on multiplex analysis of publications from the analyzed organization using content analysis and citation analysis.


An adaptive FPGA architecture based on the NoC (Network-on-Chip) approach is used for the multispectral image correlation. This architecture must contain several distance algorithms depending on the characteristics of spectral images and the precision of the authentication. The analysis of distance algorithms is required which bases on the algorithmic complexity, result precision, execution time and the adaptability of the implementation. This paper presents the comparison of these distance computation algorithms on one spectral database. The result of a RGB algorithm implementation was discussed.


Man's quest for knowledge is boundless. It is because of this quest and his untiring efforts to acquire it, that we have made such tremendous breakthroughs in the fields of science and medicine. Vaccines for hitherto incurable diseases, genetic engineering, and the correction of congenital and hereditary diseases are a few of these. With the successful cloning of `Dolly', `Molly' and `Polly' we are now standing at the threshold of another major breakthrough – human cloning. However, are we ethically, morally and politically mature enough to `go all the way' in a purely scientific manner, for the benefit of the human kind? A review of the scientific, ethical and political events in this field may be pertinent in trying to answer this important question.


Quantum nonlocality stands as a resource for device independent quantum information processing (DIQIP), such as, for instance, device independent quantum key distribution. We investigate, experimentally, the assumption of limited measurement dependence, i.e., that the measurement settings used in Bell inequality tests or DIQIP are partially influenced by the source of entangled particle and/or by an adversary. Using a recently derived Bell-like inequality [G. Pütz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 190402 (2014)] and a 99% fidelity source of partially entangled polarization photonic qubits, we obtain a clear violation of the inequality, excluding a much larger range of measurement dependent local models than would be possible with an adapted Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. It is therefore shown that the measurement independence assumption can be widely relaxed while still demonstrating quantum nonlocality.


Cloud computing resource is distributed, heterogeneous and indeterminate. For these resources, how to reasonably manage these complicated resources and allocate these resources for users quickly will influence the efficiency of cloud computing. In this paper, we propose a resource allocation method based on multi-unit continuous double auction mechanism and corresponding pricing strategy. Firstly, we create a continuous double auction based resource allocation model which contains three agents. Then we improve the existing double auction pricing algorithm, and introduce new parameters in order to obtain the pricing algorithm that is suitable for cloud environment. In each time period, user agents and cloud node agents determine their bid values and request values respectively. This method can take into account both the requirement of users and cloud nodes, and provide fair chance for the users to achieve resources and the cloud nodes to supply resources.


of the queries in twitter include multiuser operations. When a user login to twitter it requests the most recent tweets of whom he follows. These data may be present in different servers. The expense of these queries depends on how the data is partitioned. Existing solution for data partitioning involve hash or graph based partition. In this paper a new method for reducing the interaction between the servers are proposed. For this the data is partitioned such that most of the users that a user interacts are placed on the same partition. In addition to data partition selective replication is also implemented in the proposed approach. The data about the users that are requested most are replicated more than the other users. Experimental analysis indicates that the proposed technique provides significant improvements in the quality of the partitions, especially under low replication ratios.


A superfluid atomic gas is prepared inside an optical resonator with an ultranarrow bandwidth on the order of the single photon recoil energy. When a monochromatic off-resonant laser beam irradiates the atoms, above a critical intensity the cavity emits superradiant light pulses with a duration on the order of its photon storage time. The atoms are collectively scattered into coherent superpositions of discrete momentum states, which can be precisely controlled by adjusting the cavity resonance frequency. With appropriate pulse sequences the entire atomic sample can be collectively accelerated or decelerated by multiples of two recoil momenta. The instability boundary for the onset of matter wave superradiance is recorded and its main features are explained by a mean field model.


a-Amino acids are among the essential chemical building blocks of life. These structures are embedded in many small molecule pharmaceuticals and are the primary components of peptide-based therapeutics and biologics. Isotopically labeled a-amino acids and their derivatives have widespread use in structural and mechanistic biochemistry, quantitative proteomics, absorption distribution metabolism and excretion (ADME) profiling, and as imaging agents in positron emission tomography (PET) techniques. The preparation of carbon-labeled a-amino acids remains difficult and time consuming, with established methods involving label incorporation at an early stage of synthesis. This explains the high cost and scarcity of C-labeled products and presents a major challenge in 11C applications (11C t1/2 = 20 min). Here we report that simple aldehydes catalyze the isotopic carboxylate exchange of native a-amino acids with *CO2 (* = 14, 13, 11). Proteinogenic a-amino acids and many non-natural variants containing diverse functional groups undergo labeling. The reaction likely proceeds via the trapping of *CO2 by imine-carboxylate intermediates to generate aminomalonates that are prone to monodecarboxylation. Tempering catalyst electrophilicity was key to preventing irreversible aldehyde consumption. The pre-generation of the imine carboxylate intermediate allows for the rapid and late-stage 11C-radiolabeling of a-amino acids in the presence of 11CO2.


This study examines the effect of decision makers' cognitive and affective aspects in decision making, especially when a firm implementing Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Cognitive aspect deals with decision makers' cognitive capabilities and characteristics in utilizing all kinds of BSC measures, including common and unique measures. Affective aspect deals with negative emotions that often present in interpersonal relationships. There were three hypotheses being tested in a laboratory experiment using 2x2x2x2 mixed-subjects design. 168 Accountancy and Management graduate students from Gadjah Mada University were randomly assigned in one of eight treatment cells. The results show that common and unique measures do have statistically significant effects on performance evaluation judgment and bonus allocation, and decision makers place greater emphasis on common than unique measures. These findings consistent with prior research that suggest sample with BSC knowledge will be able to utilizing both kinds of BSC measures. Although there were no statistically significant support for affect effect, this study provide important evidences for the BSC adopters to consider the makers' cognitive (and affective) aspects if they want to pursue effective Balanced Scorecard.


Based on fieldwork conducted in various locations in Vietnam, this article examines the different types of Chinese migration to Vietnam since the normalization of Vietnam-China relations in 1990. The article notes differences between the old and new Chinese migration. Recent Chinese migration is characterized by the diversity in the composition of migrants. Furthermore, recent Chinese migration is fuelled by the government's "go-out strategy" and is closely linked with increasing flows of investments, economic aid, trade and culture from China.


A study was conducted in order to determine the specific classroom qualities and characteristics that promote and motivate students to develop attitudes and behaviors conducive to civic participation. One classroom is a bi-lingual sixth grade, located in an older neighborhood school in a coastal southern California city and the other is a predominately white fifth grade in a new neighborhood school in a small Indiana city. These classrooms were studied using observation and participant observation techniques. Data were also collected from interviews with teachers, students, school principals, parents, and social service agencies involved with the target school communities. The study findings generated two main assertions: (1) in classrooms where democratic elements such as providing student choice, shared responsibility, shared decision-making, and deliberate opportunities for student civic participation are present, students begin to accept more responsibility for their immediate CommUnity; and (2) when the school principal makes student civic participation a high priority, democratic elements and civic participation becomes more successful. Implications for classroom teachers, educators, and further research are given. Contains 47 references. (MM) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** An Ethnographic Study of Democratic Citizenship Education in Elementary School: Implications for Social Studies Teacher Education. by Kathryn M. Obenchain


The pandemic disrupted all activities, so it became necessary to understand, but also rethink, the complexity of economic resilience to better deal with future shocks. A component that can signal the resilience potential of a socio-economic system is smart city response, using technology to make services more efficient. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between smart cities and urban resilience to determine whether urban resilience is significantly influenced by urban smartness. Given the EU SDGs Strategy and the Implementation of RRF Programs, we have also identified the main driving forces that can amplify the impact of smart city development policies on local resilience. The results highlighted that at the European level, smart cities are significantly correlated with urban resilience; urban resilience is explained by the variation in urban smartness; resilience is correlated with all smart city dimensions, highly in (post-)pandemic, redefining a "new normal" in resilience approaches for smart cities. We also stressed the emerging, more complex content of the economic resilience concept and the new structural approach of smart cities resilience for the post-COVID-19 period.


The aim of this study was to assess the value of rigid endoscopy in patients presenting with globus symptoms. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 250 patients who underwent rigid endoscopy for globus symptoms over a 12-month period. In 217 patients (86.8 per cent) the examination of the larynx, pharynx and upper oesophagus was entirely normal. Abnormal findings included cricopharyngeal spasm in 12 patients (4.8 per cent), reflux in 11 (4.4 per cent), pharyngitis in two (0.8 per cent), web in two (0.8 per cent), and retention cyst in three (1.2 per cent). The 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) for the mean number of persons with malignancy based on the Poisson distribution is 0 and 3.7 (0 and 14.8 as rates per 1000). The relationship between the clinical diagnosis and endoscopic findings was examined using the chi-square test, with a p value of 0.0001. These results suggest that patients presenting with globus sensation are unlikely to harbour neoplastic lesions and therefore rigid endoscopy may well be an inappropriate investigation in this group. The risks, costs and discomfort associated with this intervention can often be avoided.


Two patients suffering from partial lipodystrophy, pancreatitis, and recurrent eosinophilia are described. In one patient the duodenum and the terminal ileum were narrowed, the appearances suggesting eosinophilic gastroenteritis: bilateral hydronephrosis was also present without ureteric obstruction. An association between lipodystrophy and renal disease is recognized; it is possible that there is also an association between lipodystrophy and pancreatitis, and eosinophilia with or without an intestinal lesion may be a further association.


Background The clinical signifi cances of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with bloating is still confl icting. Goal To evaluate the prevalence of SIBO in patients with bloating, and to assess the clinical characteristics according to the presence or subtypes of SIBO. Study The patients with abdominal bloating undergoing the lactulose breath test (LBT) were investigated to evaluate the prevalence and subtypes of SIBO. Rome III positive IBS and bowel symptoms were surveyed according to the presence or subtypes of SIBO. Results The prevalence of IBS and SIBO in the patients was 24.0% (86/358) and 37.4% (134/358), respectively. The prevalence and subtypes of SIBO were not different between the IBS and non-IBS patients. Among the 134 SIBO positive (+) patients, 79 (59.0%), 31 (23.1%), 24 (17.9%) were in the SIBO (H2) +, (CH4) +, (both) + groups, respectively. The bloating score in the SIBO (H2) + group was signifi cantly higher than that in the SIBO negative (−) group. The SIBO (CH4) + group was older, and had higher scores of hard stool and strain than those of the SIBO − group. In the fasting SIBO (H2) + group (n = 32) diagnosed by increased baseline H2, the scores for bloating and fl atus were higher than those for the SIBO (H2) + or SIBO − groups. Conclusions SIBO is associated with patients with a predominance of bloating regardless of IBS. The subtypes of SIBO by the gas pattern and fasting H2 using the LBT may have effects on the characteristic bowel symptoms.


Cost efficiency measures of a sample of catfish farms in Chicot County, Arkansas are estimated using a data envelopment analysis technique. A measure of overall efficiency is used to determine operator's characteristics, farm practices, and institutional support services that are likely to lead to higher farm level cost efficiency. Results indicate that live catfish production could increase by 55% using the same level of inputs if all farms were operating at the minimum average cost curve. Higher feeding rate and availability of extension services were associated with increased cost efficiency. Higher stocking density affected overall efficiency negatively. The marginal value of extension contacts in Chicot County was estimated to be $2988. This study was conducted when catfish prices were at the lowest level in ten years. Some of the results are indicative of farms struggling to meet short-run financial obligations rather than normal farm practices.


My dissertation builds theory about gratitude at work. Drawing from Affective Events Theory, I suggest two different forms of gratitude: state gratitude and job gratitude. State gratitude refers to grateful moods or emotions which tend to last short term, whereas job gratitude refers to employees' grateful attitudes particularly toward their jobs that tend to last longer. Empirically, I conducted three related studies. In the first study, I developed and validated the 7-item measure of job gratitude using a series of surveys that confirmed a satisfactory content and construct validity of the measure. Using an experience sampling procedure, in the second study I suggested and tested a theoretical model of state gratitude at work. A series of longitudinal surveys with 135 employees showed that state gratitude that is captured by a 3 week long daily survey is positively associated with in-role behaviors through the desire to reciprocate benevolence. My analyses also showed that the availability of extrinsic job rewards negatively moderates the positive impact of state gratitude on helping behaviors through the desire to reciprocate benevolence. Employees' job dependency also negatively moderates the positive impact of state gratitude on both helping and in-role behaviors through the desire to reciprocate benevolence. The third study proposed and tested a theoretical model of job gratitude. My analyses showed that through the mechanism of intended help, job gratitude is positively associated with extra-role behaviors including helping behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors directed to an organization, and voice behaviors. Taken together, my dissertation enriches theories in emotion literature by exploring a particular type of discrete, social, and moral emotions. My dissertation also contributes to gratitude literature outside of organizational studies, as it broadens the scope of impacts of gratitude in work contexts. Lastly, this dissertation contributes to Organizational Positive Scholarship by shedding light on the experiences of the recipients' of prosocial behaviors.


A new type cable-in-conduit conductor composed of HTS tapes was proposed as a winding for high performance HTS coils with high current capacities and low ac losses. In the fabrication of the conductor, the twist of stacked tapes around their axes was made before inserting them inside conduits. The twist angle should be changed continuously along the axis to reduce face-on orientated magnetic fields applied to the tape in the winding conductor during coil operation. In order to confirm the high current capacity of this type conductor, two single-layered solenoidal coils wound with sample conductors composed of 5 stacked Bi-2223 tapes with bias angles of 20 and 0 degrees were fabricated and tested in liquid nitrogen. A copper magnet system was used in this experiment to generate the spread magnetic field with a spread angle of 20 degrees from the coil axis to the radial direction, which simulates the profile of magnetic fields near the edge windings of practical coils. A large improvement on critical-currents degradation affected by spread magnetic fields was successfully observed for the test coil wound with the 20-degree bias conductor.


Aim Ethnic Chinese women are one of the populations at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) internationally. This systematic review aimed to determine which dietary intervention strategies were found to be effective in improving glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes among ethnic Chinese women with GDM. Methods The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016043585). Eight English and four Chinese language databases were searched for randomised controlled trials and cohort studies of dietary intervention among ethnic Chinese women with GDM. Review Manager 5.3 and GRADE criteria were used in meta‐analysis and assessment of quality of evidence. Results Included studies comprised 3944 women in 29 eligible studies. Compared to standard treatment, low glycaemic index (GI) diets, low glycaemic load (GL) diets and fibre‐enriched diets were associated with a reduction in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour plasma glucose and HbA1c, and improved neonatal outcomes. Low GL diets were associated with reduced caesarean section risk. Conclusions In ethnic Chinese women with GDM, low GI diets, low GL diets and fibre‐enriched diets were associated with improved glycaemic control and pregnancy outcomes. Given the lack of direct comparison of these three diets, future direct comparison trials are necessary to determine optimal dietary intervention strategies.


The reactivity of thiol groups in cardiac myosin obtained from porcine ventricles was compared with that in rabbit skeletal myosin. 1. The specific thiol group, S2, of cardiac myosin became reactive to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) upon the addition of Mg2+-ATP or Mg2+-ADP, as in the case of skeletal myosin, although to a lesser degree. Enhancement of the reactivity of S2 resulting from cooperative interaction between F-actin and Mg2+-ATP, but not Mg2+-ADP, which was first found in skeletal myosin, was also observed in cardiac myosin. 2. The total number of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (DTNB)-reactive thiols decreased in the presence of Mg2+ADP and decreased further in the presence of Mg2+-ATP for both myosins, in contrast to the concomitant increase in the reactivity of S2. The decrement was smaller in cardiac myosin than in skeletal myosin. 3. The DTNB-reactive thiols were classified into three groups with respect to their reactivity. The third or most slowly reacting thiol group, was found to be remarkably susceptible to Ca2+ at physiological concentrations (10(-8)-10(-6) M) in the presence of Mg2+-ADP for cardiac myosin, but in striking contrast, in the presence and relatively long-lived intermediate of myosin ATPase, the structure of which is sensitive to Ca2+, may be different in cardiac and skeletal myosins.


Introduction: Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a therapeutic medical gas that exerts multiple functions. H2 inhalation has been approved as safe, and some clinical studies showed that it effectively improved conditions of patients with a variety of disorders such as stroke, heart infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, and COVID-19. Urinary and fecal incontinences are unavoidable symptoms of advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. In particular, fecal incontinence increases the level of confusion for patients and caretakers suffer from increased workloads. Materials and Methods: To assess the integrity of the neurons related to AD, the bundles of neurons passing through the hippocampus were visualized by modified diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technology using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Results: A 79-year-old woman with advanced AD continued to inhale 3% H2 gas containing 21% oxygen twice daily for 1 hour and maintained clinical observations for 2 years. After the long period of inhalation of H2 gas, the patient went to the bathroom by herself for adequate excretion. She remained to be able to go to the bathroom for her bowel movements in time, afterwards. After the long-term inhalation of H2 gas, her MRI of the brain to generate DTI images with an anisotropic (FA) value of 0.2 (FA = 0.2) showed improved integrity of the hippocampal neurons along with these clinical improvements. Conclusion: This case report casts the question on the current understanding that the advanced and severe AD patients will never improve.


The equations of motion for the stable member of a threegimbal platform are presented [3]. These equations are combined with models of the three platform control loops to formulate a model for the system. The system model is simplified and a digital simulation is developed for studying the motion of the stable member under conditions of dynamic vehicle angular environment.


Recognition of outstanding young American electrical engineers by Eta Kappa Nu, honorary electrical engineering society, began with the presentation of awards for 1936. The society expects its plan of annual awards to incite a fuller and broader professional development of young electrical engineers. Statistics for the men nominated for the 1936 awards are presented and discussed in this article.


Anti-adhesion membranes are prospective scaffolds for preventing peritendinous adhesion after injury. However, currently available scaffolds have some limitations, such as low efficacy for anti-adhesion, low quality of tendon healing, and unknown drug interactions. Thus, in this study, we designed an innovative structure involving an integrated dual-layer poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) electrospun membrane for preventing peritendonous adhesion by promoting tendon gliding. We investigated the surface morphology and wettability of the fiber scaffold. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts were low on the PLLA fibrous membrane. Compared with single-layer membranes, the dual-layer PLLA fiber scaffold reduced adhesion to the tissues. The gliding space persisted until recovery in chicken extensor flexor tendons in vivo. Thus, this innovative PLLA membrane scaffold could prevent adhesion and promote gliding to facilitate tendon healing.


In this paper, we applied Bresnan et al.'s (2007) Generalized Linear Model approach to model the English dative alternation to a corpus that shows more variation in text genre and discourse type: the ICE-GB corpus. In a direct comparison, using only variables currently available for both data sets, we are able to explain 90.8% of the variability in the ICE-GB data as compared to 94.5% in the Switchboard corpus, possibly showing that the variation in genre in ICE-GB decreases the predictive power of the model. As expected, both models showed that the theme is especially pronominal and the recipient is often indefinite and non-local (third person) in the NP-PP construction, while in the NP-NP construction, the theme is longer than the recipient, the recipient is pronominal and the theme is indefinite. Next, we extended the model for ICE-GB by including a number of syntactic variables. Only word order had a significant effect. This observation and investigation of errors has led us to wonder whether the dative alternation should be modelled in the traditional fashion or perhaps (also) according to the order of the recipient and the theme.


Video security is becoming more and more important today, as the number of installed cameras can attest. There are many challenging commercial applications to monitor people or vehicle traffic. The work reported here has both research and commercial motivations. Our goals are first to obtain an efficient intelligent system that can meet strong industrial surveillance system requirements and therefore be real-time, distributed, generic and robust. Our second goal is to have a development platform that allows researchers to imagine and easily test new vision algorithms thanks to its modularity and easy set-up. Previous articles [X. Desurmont et al. (2004), B. Georis et al. (2003)] dealt with the core architecture for handling such problems as heterogeneous inputs, encoding, distribution, and storage. We focus more precisely on the image analysis modules. We consider the different kind of inputs, algorithm models as well as optimisation of memory, delay and genericity needs.


The main chemical components of various industrial wastes are consisted of CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and SiO2, and they have different chemical characters, i.e. acidic and cation exchange properties in SiO2, basic and anion exchange properties in CaO and amphoteric properties in Al2O3 and Fe2O3. It is, therefore, interesting to develop some functionalities utilizing and combining these different chemical characters and adjusting the chemical compositions and controlling of the structural and textural states of those wastes by mixing and/or some special treatments. We therefore synthesized some materials from those wastes with respective to the whole framework of eco-design of CaO-Al2O3 (Fe2O3)-SiO2 systems; (1) glass ceramics prepared from mixtures of Kira, silica-rich byproducts from benefication processes of sil- ica sand and plastic clay, and paper sludge ash (PSA), byproducts generated from paper making industry, (2) simultaneous sorbent materials of amorphous CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) and CaO-Fe2O3-SiO2 (CFS) compounds from PSA, coal fly ash and/or steel making slag.


a Abstract .—The influence of landscape structure on abundance or spacing patterns of generalist bird species may be nonlinear and vary annually depending on the severity of environmental conditions. The Eastern Wild Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo sylvestris) is a generalist forest species that experiences high mortality when snow reduces food availability. Although increasing amounts of cornfield habitat may benefit Wild Turkeys by providing an alternate food source, reduced forest cover or elevated levels of forest fragmentation associated with increased corn ( Zea mays) production could be detrimental. We evaluated the hypothesis that spring density of male Wild Turkeys increases with the amount of corn habitat as long as forest cover remains a dominant landscape component and that this increase is more prominent following a winter with thick snow accumulations. We performed point counts and corrected for imperfect detection in 2003 and 2004 at 130 randomly distributed sites in southern Quebec. After a mild winter, male density peaked in landscapes characterized by 25-50% forest cover and a large amount of edge between forest and open habitats. After a harsh winter, male density decreased with annual crop cover when forests represented 40%. Male aggregation was higher and increased with male density at a slower rate than if individuals had been randomly distributed, yet landscape structure had only a marginal effect on aggregation. Our results suggest that Wild Turkeys' response to landscape structure depends on environmental conditions and that this generalist forest species benefits from cornfields where forest cover is fragmented but abundant. Received 10 July 2008, accepted 7 April 2009.


John Stuart Mill's essay, On Liberty (1859) grapples with a familiar problem; namely, how to determine "the nature and the limits of power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual." Today, even more than in Mill's time, with the proliferation of partisan websites and social media outlets, it is tyranny, not merely of princes, but of polarized public opinion expressed in 'virtual' communities, confirming rather than challenging social and political beliefs that—we must now be on guard. Mill's case in seeking truth depends on vigorous debate, but applying his liberal philosophy may be easier said than done. This paper considers both the possibilities and limitations of putting his philosophy of education into practice when using a tutorial method for teaching political theory.


We present three families with infantile myofibromatosis (IM; OMIM no. 228550) inherited in an autosomal dominant (AD) manner. These three pedigrees prompted re‐assessment of pedigrees available within the genetic, oncologic, surgical, and pathologic literature, which suggest autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance. All familial IM may be interpreted as AD or, alternatively, there may be genetic heterogeneity for IM. As most nodules tend to regress spontaneously, familial history may be difficult to obtain and/or confirm. Clinical diagnosis and establishment of inheritance pattern can be important for prognosis and the recognition that other family members may be affected. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The cerebellum plays a critical role in sensorimotor learning, using error information to keep the sensorimotor system well-calibrated. Here we present a population-coding model of how the cerebellum compensates for motor errors. The model consists of a two-layer network, with one layer corresponding to the cerebellar cortex and the other to the deep cerebellar nuclei. Units within each layer are tuned to two features: the direction of the movement and the direction of the error. To evaluate the model, we conducted a series of behavioral experiments using a wide range of perturbation schedules. The model successfully accounts for interference from prior learning, the effects of error uncertainties, and learning in response to perturbations that vary across different time scales. Importantly, the model does not require any modulation of the parameters or context-dependent processes during adaptation. Our results provide a novel framework to understand how context and environmental uncertainty modulate learning.


Based on the OV (optimal velocity) model,we in this paper present an extended OV model with the consideration of the honk effect.The analytical and numerical results illustrate that the honk effect can improve the velocity and flow of uniform Bow but that the increments are relevant to the density.


Adiponectin is an adipokine that has been reported that plays an essential role in tumor progression and metastasis. Integrins are the major adhesive molecules in mammalian cells, and has been associated with cancer cells metastasis. In this study, we found that adiponectin increased the migration and the expression of \#945;5 and \#946;1,but not \#945;2,\#945;V and \#946;3 integrins of human prostate cancer cells (PC3). Adiponectin-mediated migration and \#945;5\#946;1 integrin up-regulation was attenuated by AdipoR receptor and 5\#8217;-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) siRNA. Pretreatment of cells with AMPK inhibitor (araA and compound C), p38 inhibitor (SB203580), NF-\#312;B inhibitor (PDTC), and I\#312;B protease inhibitor (TPCK), suppressed the adiponectin-induced cell migration and integrins expression. Stimulation of PC3 cells with adiponectin induced AMPK phosphorylation, p38 phosphorylation I\#312;B kinase \#945;/\#946; (IKK \#945;/\#946;) phosphorylation, I\#312;B phosphorylation, p65 Ser 536 phosphorylation, and \#312;B-luciferase activity. In addition, we also found that the similar signaling pathways involved in the other prostate cancer cells (DU145 and LNCaP). Finally, this study showed for the first time that the adiponectin mediates migration of human prostate cancer cells. One of the mechanisms underlying adiponectin directed migration was transcriptional up-regulation of \#945;5\#946;1 integrin and activation of AdipoR receptor, AMPK, p38 and NF-\#312;B pathways. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2230.