The Barents Shelf, stretching from the Arctic Ocean to the coasts of northern Norway and Russia, and from the Norwegian–Greenland Sea to Novaya Zemlya, covers two major geological provinces. This review concentrates on the western province, with its complex mosaic of basins and platforms. A growing net of coverage by seismic data, almost 70 deep hydrocarbon exploration wells and a series of shallow coring programmes, have contributed greatly to our understanding of this province, supplementing information from neighbouring land areas. The late Paleozoic to present-day development of the region can be described in terms of five major depositional phases. These partly reflect the continuing northwards movement of this segment of the Eurasian plate from the equatorial zone in the mid-Devonian–early Carboniferous up to its present-day High Arctic latitudes, resulting in significant climatic changes through time. Important controls on sedimentation have involved varying tectonic processes along the eastern, northern and western margins of the shelf, whereas short- and long-term local and regional sea-level variations have further determined the depositional history of the province.


For those of us who went through our residency a decade or more ago with the first edition of this excellent volume, it is a pleasure to welcome this updated and enlarged second edition. While providing extensive revision of each chapter, it has retained intact the general format and style which were so effective in the earlier edition. Of particular value to the ophthalmologic trainee, teacher, and practitioner is the strong emphasis placed on developing a well-organized and systematic step-by-step ocular evaluation procedure. Zuckerman presents his own very thorough examination pattern and uses it as an outline structure around which he has written the text. This organizational technique along with the remarkable abundance of factual material and excellent index makes the book a particularly practical single-volume ready-reference for these clinicians. Among the many uniquely useful features of this text are its detailed descriptions of instruments and instrumentation techniques and their


There are 19 super-large blast furnaces more than 4 000 m running in China currently, and significant progresses of low carbon operation were obtained in recent years. In this paper, low carbon operation technologies of Chinese super-large blast furnaces were illustrated in the two aspects of raw materials preparation and blast furnace operation. Firstly in terms of raw materials preparation, low carbon operation technologies include producing low SiO2 content and high reducibility sinter to reduce slag volume and improve sinter metallurgical properties; optimizing coal blending structure for coking to guarantee coke quality; implementing blending yard technology to stabilize blast furnace operation; controlling harmful elements load to reduce their damage to coke; adopting screening technology to reduce dust amount; recycling small size sinter, nut coke and CDQ dust to improve ironmaking energy efficiency. Secondly in terms of blast furnace operation, low carbon operation technologies include improving gas utilization efficiency by upper adjustment and lower adjustment, the upper adjustment including charging mode, batch weight and stock line level, lower adjustment including the control of blast volume and blast kinetic energy; implementing comprehensive blast technology of high blast temperature, dehumidified blast and high top pressure, promoting economic coal injection concept; conducting low silicon smelting, but should pay attention to its impact on campaign life of blast furnace; controlling thermal load to reduce heat loss, emphasizing middle-part management of blast furnace; development and application of blast furnace visualization technology to guarantee long-term smooth operation of blast furnace.


Brain adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and alcohol-avoiding ANA (Alko, Non-Alcohol) rats was examined. Both basal and Gpp(NH) p-stimulated AC activities were higher in the cerebral cortex of the ANA rats than in the AA rats. Isoproterenol-stimulated AC activity tended to increase in the cerebral cortex of the ANA rats compared to the AA rats. Basal AC activity in the striatum of the AA rats was higher than that in the ANA rats, however, striatal Gpp(NH)p-stimulated AC activity was not different between the two rats lines. In the mesolimbic and cerebellum, there was no difference in AC activity between the rat lines. These results suggest that the noradrenergic function in the cerebral cortex has an important role in the regulation of alcohol intake.


Because boron (B) and calcium (Ca2+) seem to have a strong effect on legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation, rhizobial symbiosis with leguminous plants, grown under varying concentrations of both nutrients, was investigated. The study of early pre-infection events included the capacity of root exudates to induce nod genes, and the degree of adsorption of bacteria to the root surface. Both phenomena were inhibited by B deficiency, and increased by addition of Ca2+, resulting in an increase of the number of nodules. The infection and invasion steps were investigated by fluorescence microscopy in pea nodules harbouring a Rhizobium leguminosarum strain that constitutively expresses green fluorescent protein. High Ca2+ enhanced cell and tissue invasion by Rhizobium, which was highly inhibited after B deficiency. This was combined with an increased B concentration in nodules of plants grown on B-free medium and supplemented with high Ca2+ concentrations, and that can be attributed to an increased B import to the nodules. Histological examination of indeterminate (pea) and determinate (bean) nodules showed an altered nodule anatomy at low B content of the tissue. The moderate increase in nodular B due to additional Ca2+ was not sufficient to prevent the abnormal cell wall structure and the aberrant distribution of pectin polysaccharides in B-deficient treatments. Overall results indicate that the development of the symbiosis depends of the concentration of B and Ca2+, and that both nutrients are essential for nodule structure and function.


After a lot of initial artificial Intelligence (AI) hype, many useful AI applications have been identified, and now AI is transforming many industrial areas. Pharma companies also realize the application of AI can positively disrupt the traditional business processes in various ways, such as smarter therapy target hunting, quicker drug candidate molecule generation, efficient non-clinical/ clinical development, and more precise drug market penetration. Currently many pharma companies are actively trying to apply AI technologies to their business. However, before AI implementation into their business processes, pharma companies need to make some decisions on how to approach to AI technologies, such as collaborations with AI companies or internal development of AI capabilities. In this session, points needed to be considered upon collaborations with AI companies from pharma perspectives will be discussed. Also, potential applications of AI to pharmaceutical business processes will be discussed including some real use cases.


The paper presents the results of a consumer survey carried-out in France in 2013, focusing on knowledge and involvement on wine. It intends to clarify whether involvement and knowledge with respect to wine are factors operating in wine drinking and purchasing habits. We assume that there is information asymmetry among consumers. The survey was carried out in two different cities, namely Dijon and Lyon. The first belongs to Burgundy, a famous wine producing region, which is not the case of the second. The 415 respondents were invited to answer a written questionnaire including twenty questions on key dimensions of product-oriented knowledge: processing, semantic and geography, and sixteen questions on involvement, all related to wine. One additional section of the questionnaire was devoted to the usual socio-demographic descriptors of the respondents. Each respondent obtained three scores on the basis of the level of knowledge shown through his/her responses among the three dimensions. The same was done with respect to involvement towards wine, including distinction between affective, cognitive and novelty involvement. The distribution of ratings issued from the above-mentioned coding of knowledge level according to wine indicates that semantic about wine is the dimension of knowledge most shared among the respondents, whereas the processing-related dimension for the studied products is more discriminating. Knowledge of wine's geography is in medium position. According to the literature, we may call experts those respondents with a high level of knowledge and novices those showing a low level of knowledge. As the level of knowledge is divided into three dimensions, namely processing-related, semantic or geographical, the classification of respondents into experts versus novices will not be fully reliable per se and needs to be refined by means of clustering analysis. K-means clustering was then used in order to better explain the diversity of knowledge for wine displayed by the respondents. This method segments respondents into clusters according to their level in various types of knowledge. K-means clustering is a non-hierarchical clustering procedure: objects are assigned into a user-specified number of clusters. Four significant segments of respondents were identified by means of this method of classification. Each cluster is described by its relative positioning according to the level of knowledge in each dimension.


Aircraft laser‐altimeter surveys in 1993 and 1998 over Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier in east Greenland reveal thinning, over the 5‐year interim, of several meters for all surveyed areas within 70 km of the seaward ice front, rising to 50 meters in the final 5 km. Such rapid thinning is best explained by increased discharge velocities and associated creep thinning, most probably caused by enhanced lubrication of the glacier bed. The calving ice front over the past decade has occupied approximately the same location as in 1966. Velocity estimates for 1995/96 are about the same as those for 1966 and 1988, but significantly less than for 1999, suggesting that major thinning began after 1995.


The article emphasizes the ideological commitment of the philosopher Emil Cioran. It presents firstly Cioran's works on the theme announced by the title, then the European context that determined the political option of Cioran and a brief analysis of his relationship with History during his French period. The antiSemitism of Cioran was favored by his attachment to a few philosophers, but also by the European extremist and anti-Semitic context. The article seeks to demonstrate that the philosopher Cioran, known more for his pessimism and nihilism, maintained in time an obsessive relationship with History. His political philosophy is as important as his subjective philosophy, better known than the former. Keywords—Cioran, French writings, History, Iron Guard


All known recently emerged human coronaviruses likely originated in bats. Here, we used a single experimental platform based on human lung-only mice (LoM) to demonstrate efficient in vivo replication of all recently emerged human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) and two highly relevant endogenous pre-pandemic SARS-like bat coronaviruses. Virus replication in this model occurs in bona fide human lung tissue and does not require any type of adaptation of the virus or the host. Our results indicate that bats harbor endogenous coronaviruses capable of direct transmission into humans. Further detailed analysis of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in vivo infection of LoM human lung tissue showed predominant infection of human lung epithelial cells, including type II pneumocytes present in alveoli and ciliated airway cells. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection was highly cytopathic and induced a robust and sustained Type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response. Finally, we evaluated a pre-exposure prophylaxis strategy for coronavirus infection. Our results show that prophylactic administration of EIDD-2801, an oral broad spectrum antiviral currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, dramatically prevented SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo and thus has significant potential for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.


Filtering noise in real-time image sequences is required in some applications like medical imaging. The optimum approach in this case is in the form of adaptive 3-D spatial-temporal filter, which is generally very complex and prohibitive for real-time implementation. Independent processing of the image sequences, in spatial and temporal domains can resolve some of these implementation difficulties. Some of the existing spatial filters can easily be modified for real-time implementation. Adaptive temporal filters, however, are more involved. In this paper, an adaptive temporal filter is proposed that lend itself to hardware implementation for real-time temporal processing of image sequences. The proposed algorithm is based on adaptive Kalman filtering which is relatively simple and effective in its performance. Adaptation in this case is with respect to motion in the image sequence as well as variation of noise statistics. An efficient hardware implementation of this algorithm, based on FPGA technology, is proposed.


This paper, targeting the large variety of Web APIs, presents an approach towards automated invocation of Web APIs. This approach applies a data schema, to the SAWSDL lowering schema mapping, a grounding mechanism that connects the ontological representations of Web APIs with their execution messages. It is intuitive to existing standard efforts and effective in coping with the heterogeneities witnessed by a majority of Web APIs.


Background: Molecular characteristics can be good indicators of tumor prognosis and have been introduced into the classification of gliomas. The prognosis of patients with newly classified lower-grade gliomas (LGGs, including grade 2 and grade 3 gliomas) is highly heterogeneous, and new molecular markers are urgently needed. Methods: Autophagy related genes (ATGs) were obtained from Human Autophagy Database (HADb). From the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), gene expression profiles including ATG expression information and patient clinical data were downloaded. Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan–Meier analysis, random survival forest algorithm (RSFVH) and stratification analysis were performed. Results: Through univariate Cox regression analysis, we found a total of 127 ATGs associated with the prognosis of LGG patients from TCGA dataset and a total of 131 survival-related ATGs from CGGA dataset. Using TCGA dataset as the training group (n = 524), we constructed a five-ATG signature (including BAG1, BID, MAP1LC3C, NRG3, PTK6), which could divide LGG patients into two risk groups with significantly different overall survival (Log Rank P < 0.001). Then we confirmed in the independent CGGA dataset that the five-ATG signature had the ability to predict prognosis (n = 431, Log Rank P < 0.001). We further discovered that the predictive ability of the five-ATG signature was better than the existing clinical indicators and IDH mutation status. In addition, the five-ATG signature could further classify patients after receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy into groups with different prognosis. Conclusions: We identified a five-ATG signature that could be a reliable prognostic marker and might be therapeutic targets for autophagy therapy for LGG patients.


In Mexico City, over 500,000 people are estimated to earn a living working as street vendors. In recent years Mexican street commerce has been increasingly criminalized in the context of "revanchist" neoliberal urban politics which have aimed to "reclaim" and gentrify urban spaces, mirroring a global trend (Leal Martinez 2016, Swanson 2007, Janoschka et al. 2013). Yet the law structures the social lives of street vendors not only in its repressive, revanchist capacity, but through more subtle and quotidian forms of legal disregulation (Goldstein 2015). My goal in this paper, accordingly, is to make sense of the role of legality in shaping the forms of symbolic and affective labor in which street vendors engage beyond those areas which are explicitly targeted by neoliberal urban development schemes. To that end, I propose a framework of "ambiguous legalities" as a way to understand the relationship between law and the everyday production of street vending. Paying attention to ambiguous legalities means looking at the ways not only that legal uncertainties are created and maintained, but on the way in which they influence forms of everyday comportment and the invisible labor of symbolic boundary-work (Lamont 1992). Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Mexico City's central wholesale market, I illustrate the ways in which ambiguous legality is produced through the legal technology of the vending permit, and describe how street vendors and other social actors attempt to make moral-legal claims through a process I refer to as "disambiguation." Finally, I discuss how popular discourses about state illegitimacy and corruption contribute to legal ambiguities, and the challenges that they pose to street vendors in their efforts to combat popular perceptions of criminality and illegality.


Colonoscopy is routinely used for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal diseases. Bowel perforation is a rare but severe complication that significantly increases the morbidity and mortality. Tension pneumothorax is an uncommon complication of colonic perforation. We present a case of the successful treatment of a patient with tension pneumothorax, following colonoscopy, by using tube thoracostomy and Hartman-type resection of the rectosigmoid junction and proximal sigmoid. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and endoscopists should consider the possibility of pneumothorax as a rare complication of colonoscopy. Early detection and urgent treatment is the key to successful management.


In this work we model the magnetic field induced phase transformation (FIPT) of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs). The working principle of such materials is described by the deformation of continua due to mechanical and magnetic forces. The cross coupling of mechanical and magnetic variables is captured by introducing nonlinear kinematics. The mechanical and magnetic constitutive equations are derived by a thermodynamic consistent way. Finally, the model prediction followed by model calibration is compared with the experimental results.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


Mangroves provide a distinctive mechanism of trapping sediment and accelerat-ing land-building processes in tide-dominated coastal and estuarine environments. The complex hydrodynamic and salinity conditions, accumulation rates of both organic and inorganic sediments, primary surface elevation, and hydroperiod influence sediment retention mechanism within mangrove ecosystems. Abundant terrigenous sediment supply can form dynamic mud banks and the complex aerial root system of mangroves may lead to accretion of sediment by weakening the tidal velocity. Such mechanisms are often enhanced by organic flocculation. The efficiency of sediment trapping by mangroves is species specific. Adaptability and resilience of mangroves enable them to cope with the moderate to high rates of sea level rise. However, subsurface movements and deep subsidence due to autocompaction may augment the effects of relative sea level rise. Increasing population pressure and forest-based economic activities have caused global reduction of mangrove coverage challenging the sedimentation processes. Marker horizon techniques and surface elevation table (SET) tests have facilitated assessment of spatial variability in patterns of sediment accretion and surface elevation in various coastal sites of species-diverse Southeast Asia, especially coastal Malaysia and Thailand. The mangroves of the eastern coast of India have witnessed sediment retention, having an association with the seasonal rainfall regime.


Chondrule K7p from LL3.0 Semarkona consists of four nested barred‐olivine (BO) chondrules. The innermost BO chondrule (chondrule 1) formed by complete melting of an olivine‐rich dustball. After formation, the chondrule was incorporated into another olivine‐rich dustball. A second heating event caused this second dustball to melt; the mesostasis and some of the olivine in chondrule 1 were probably also melted at this time, but the chondrule 1 structure remained largely intact. At this stage, the object was an enveloping compound BO chondrule. This two‐step process of melting and dustball enshrouding repeated two more times. The different proportions of olivine and glass in chondrules 1–4 suggest that the individual precursor dustballs differed in the amounts of chondrule fragments they contained and the mineral proportions in those fragments. The final dustball (which ultimately formed chondrule 4) was somewhat more ferroan; after melting, crystallizing, and quenching, chondrule 4 contained olivine and glass with higher FeO and MnO contents than those of the earlier formed chondrules. Subsequent aqueous alteration on the LL parent body transformed the abundant metal blebs and stringers at the chondrule surface into carbide, iron oxide, and minor Ni‐rich metal. Portions of the mesostasis underwent dissolution, producing holes and adjacent blades of more resistant material. Much of the glass in the chondrule remained isotropic, even after minor hydration and leaching. The sharp, moderately lobate boundary between the extensively altered mesostasis and the isotropic glass represents the reaction front beyond which there was little or no glass dissolution.


Aims and background YKL-40 is secreted by several types of tumors. Increased serum YKL-40 levels have been reported in prostate, glioblastoma, breast and colorectal cancers. Determination of YKL-40 levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum YKL-40 levels expressed in gastric carcinomas. Methods Between 2009 and 2011, we retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with gastric cancer and compared their serum samples to 75 healthy volunteers. YKL-40 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found significantly higher serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with gastric cancer compared to the healthy population (P < 0.0001). We also found significant differences in serum YKL-40 levels between female and male patients with gastric cancer (P < 0.01). Conclusions YKL-40 is over-expressed in gastric cancer, suggesting a more aggressive phenotype. YKL-40 may be a useful serum biomarker for gastric cancer identification, and future studies should focus on the role of YKL-40 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer and responsiveness toward treatment.


8 patients suffering from acute renal failure (shock kidney) with anuria extending over 3 to 5 days, were treated with L-thyroxine for 5 to 9 days (5-6 mug per kg body weight per day orally). Diuresis was restored within 34 to 46 hrs. Plasma levels of urea and creatinine decreased earlier and much more rapidly to normal than was to be expected from the natural history of the disease, indicating the prompt and extensive increase of glomerular filtration rate. Polyuria seemed less pronounced and also shortened as compared with the ordinary course of that form of sudden renal insufficiency. Obviously, the well-known diuretic response in the normal individual to high doses of thyroid hormones in not a factor in the induction of diuresis in acute renal failure. The tendency with L-thyroxine treatment to dilate the preglomerular arterial vessel is considered a consequence of the stimulation of sodium reabsorption in the upper nephron. High values of RPF and GFR, regularly observed in hyperthyroidism or after L-thyroxine administration, do not depend on any augmentation of cardiac output or on arterial hypertension, since such symptoms were missed in our patients and, in our view, such an interpretation is excluded by the very existence of the so-called autoregulation of the kidney which leaves RPF (and therefore GFR) independent of systemic blood pressure. The same intrarenal feed-back mechanism, normally adapting the glomerular blood supply to the resorptive capacity of the proximal-tubular epithelium (mediation via the juxta-glomerular apparatus), is responsible for the GFR- and RPF-raising effect of exogenous L-thyroxine in the intact kidney as well as in acute renal failure: both sodium reabsorption and sodium filtration are accelerated.--The special conditions under which L-thyroxine interferes with the pathogenetic process of acute renal failure, the latter being characterised by the critical insufficiency of tubular sodium reabsorption and therefore by preglomerular arterial constriction, is discussed on the basis of a new hypothesis concerning the thyrogenic nephrotropic effects in general.


THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF INTERNATIONALLY EDUCATED NURSES WITH DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN ONTARIO AFTER WATCHING COMMUNICATION VIGNETTES ii Internationally educated nurses (IEN s) are nurses who obtain their nursing license outside of Canada. IENs face many challenges when trying to transition into the Canadian healthcare system. This is largely due to their misunderstanding intercultural competence (ICC). The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of the IENs' lived experiences with developing ICC. Forty-six participants took part in focus group discussions based on culturally specific vignettes developed in congruence with the College of Nurses of Ontario Standards of Practice. Using hermeneutic phenomenology and secondary analysis three themes emerged from the data: navigating the headwater, propelling in a new direction and mapping the way. The above themes led to the emergence of the essential themeconfidence. The IENs rely on the confidence engrained in their 'old' knowledge in order to understand and develop their ICC. This study addresses the gap in research relating to IENs transition into Canadian nursing.


Supply chain management in healthcare is evaluated with a particular focus on the distribution of medicines from a wholesaler to clinics. Currently, there are issues with service levels to clinics that need addressing. The value of the paper arises from providing a detailed analysis of a healthcare supply chain in the developing world and Diagnosis the parameter involved in inventory.


Dense self-supported Pd-alloy membranes are used to selectively separate hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes. In particular, deuterium (D) and tritium (T) are currently identified as the main elements for the sustainability of the nuclear fusion reaction aimed at carbon free power generation. In the fusion nuclear reactors, a breeding blanket produces the tritium that is extracted and purified before being sent to the plasma chamber in order to sustain the fusion reaction. In this work, the application of Pd-alloy membranes has been tested for recovering tritium from a solid breeding blanket through a helium purge stream. Several simulations have been performed in order to optimize the design of a Pd-Ag multi-tube module in terms of geometry, operating parameters, and membrane module configuration (series vs. parallel). The results demonstrate that a pre-concentration stage before the Pd-membrane unit is mandatory because of the very low tritium concentration in the He which leaves the breeding blanket of the fusion reactor. The most suitable operating conditions could be reached by: (i) increasing the hydrogen partial pressure in the lumen side and (ii) decreasing the shell pressure. The preliminary design of a membrane unit has been carried out for the case of the DEMO fusion reactor: the optimized membrane module consists of an array of 182 Pd-Ag tubes of 500 mm length, 10 mm diameter, and 0.100 mm wall thickness (total active area of 2.85 m2).


This is an introductory paper on quantum information and quantum circuits. It is intended primarily for theoretical computer scientists (and especially complexity theorists) who know little or nothing about quantum computing and would like to have a better grasp of the basic aspects of the subject. A familiarity with basic computational complexity, including topics such as Boolean circuits, Turing machines and randomized computation, is assumed.


This paper focused upon understanding the concept of women empowerment and determinants critical to it. The study was conducted in Hyderabad region for determining women empowerment level on five key indicators identified from the literature. Primary data was collected through online questionnaire and informal interviews from randomly selected 200 female and 20 male respondents respectively. Results indicate women empowerment in Hyderabad on four out of five indicators i.e. economic participation, education, health and nutrition and media.


BACKGROUND: We are undertaking dendritic cell (DC) therapy against glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) with concomitant maintenance chemotherapy using temozolomide (TMZ). In general, anti-cancer agents are known to suppress immune response in patients. TMZ also suppresses immunity by inducing lymphopenia and myelosuppression in malignant glioma patients. However, there has been no study about the effect of TMZ on DC function. In this study, we evaluate whether concomitant TMZ affects DC function in vitro. METHODS: We isolated human blood plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myelocytoid DCs (mDCs) from healthy volunteers by flow cytometry. These DC subsets were cultured in flat-bottomed 96-well plates at 5 × 104 cells in the final 200 µl of medium per well for 24 h. In the first set of experiment, we assessed cytotoxic activity of TMZ on DCs at clinically relevant concentration. After 24 h, viable cells were measured by a trypan-blue exclusion test. We next measured the Toll-like receptor ligand (TLRL) -induced cytokine production by DCs in the presence of TMZ. DC subsets were stained with FITC-labeled anti-CD83 and PE-labeled anti-CD86 antibody and then analyzed by FACS calibur. We also measured secreted IL-12p40 and IFN-alpha concentration in the supernatant of the cultures by ELISA. RESULTS: Analysis of trypan-blue exclusion of the dead cells showed that over 300 microM of TMZ started to kill both DC subsets and there was no cytocidal effect at 100 microM, a clinically relevant concentration. Therefore, we thereafter used 10 microM to 300 microM for the following assays. We found that TMZ did not affect IFN-alpha production by pDCs and IL-12 production by mDCs in response to various TLRLs. In addition, up to 100 microM of concentration, TMZ did not influence the CD83 and CD86 expression on both DC subsets. CONCLUSIONS: Temozolomide did not significantly affect on DC function, suggesting that DC therapy and concomitant chemotherapy using TMZ may be possible, although further assessment in the clinical setting is necessary. In the presentation, we also would like to present preliminary data on interaction between DCs and two types of GSCs (proneural and mesenchymal). SECONDARY CATEGORY: n/a.


Objective: To determine the association between p53 expression and disease parameters, treatment responses, and survival of Thai patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL). Materials and Methods: Adult patients with ENKL at Songklanagarind Hospital from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed. Clinical parameters and outcome data were extracted. The available pathological specimens were immunochemically stained for p53. The results were analyzed for association with disease stage, prognostic scores, treatment responses, and overall survival. Results: Twenty-four patients (17 males and 7 females) were included for the study. The median age was 52 years. Most patients were under 60 years old (71%), had ECOG scores 0-1 (92%), stage I-II (92%), low to low-intermediate International Prognostic Index (IPI) (92%), and low Prognostic Index for PTCL, NOS (79%). All patients presented with extranodal lesions, most commonly nasal lesions (83%). Seventy percent of patients were treated with chemotherapy, predominantly (94%) CHOP regimen and 54% percent with radiotherapy, alone or as concurrent chemo-radiation. Of 18 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 67%, with 56% complete response. The p53 expression is detected in 92% of tumors and significantly correlated with limited stage and low IPI. The median overall survival (OS) was 16.8 months. Advanced stage, high IPI, radiotherapy, and response to treatment, but not p53 expression, are associated with lower OS. With Cox regression analysis, radiotherapy and response to treatment were independent prognostic predictors for survival. Conclusion: p53 is commonly expressed in ENKL and significantly associated with limited stage and low IPI. Radiotherapy and response to treatment were predictors for survival.


The human sulfatase 1 (hSulf-1) gene encodes an endosulfatase that functions to inhibit the heparin-binding growth factor signaling, including the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-mediated pathway, by desulfating the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). bFGF could stimulate cell cycle progression and inhibit cell apoptosis, this biological effect can be reversed by hSulf-1. However, molecular mechanisms have not been fully reported. In the current study, by reactivation of hSulf-1 expression and function in the hSulf-1-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and HCC xenograft tumors, we found that hSulf-1 blocked the bFGF effect on the promotion of cell cycle and inhibition of apoptosis. The bFGF-stimulated activation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways was suppressed by hSulf-1, which led to a decreased expression of the target genes Cyclin D1 and Survivin, then finally induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells. Our data suggested that hSulf-1 may be a suitable target for cancer therapy.


Melanesian values and world views construct an ontology and epistemology that can be used to distinguish a Melanesian research methodology. This Melanesian research methodology is one that may offer advantages to those undertaking research in Melanesia in that Melanesian values are in the foreground. Melanesian research methodology does place specific requirements on the researcher with relation to context and processes of data collection and data analysis. In this manner, it is argued that ethics has a pivotal role in research quality. Finally, to assist the researcher, four personal attributes are described that help practise a defensible Melanesian research methodology.


Cauchy reals can be defined as a quotient of Cauchy sequences of rationals. In this case, the limit of a Cauchy sequence of Cauchy reals is defined through lifting it to a sequence of Cauchy sequences of rationals. This lifting requires the axiom of countable choice or excluded middle, neither of which is available in homotopy type theory. To address this, the Univalent Foundations Program uses a higher inductive-inductive type to define the Cauchy reals as the free Cauchy complete metric space generated by the rationals. We generalize this construction to define the free Cauchy complete metric space generated by an arbitrary metric space. This forms a monad in the category of metric spaces with Lipschitz functions. When applied to the rationals it defines the Cauchy reals. Finally, we can use Altenkirch and Danielson (2016)'s partiality monad to define a semi-decision procedure comparing a real number and a rational number. The entire construction has been formalized in the Coq proof assistant. It is available at https://github.com/SkySkimmer/HoTTClasses/tree/CPP2017 .


An increasing productivity gap aflects the progress of electronic system design. As an immediately available solution, the application of reuse techniques as widely recognized. This paper presents a reuse workbench for VHDL designs which covers the three basic requirements of a design with reuse process: availability, Fndability, and understandability. The latter is realized by a novel reverse engineering concept for VHDL designs. It is based on the intensive use of hypertext techniques and graphical code representations.


Cytochrome b556, a major component of type b cytochromes in the respiratory chain of aerobically grown Escherichia coli, was purified to near homogeneity. It was solubilized from cytoplasmic membranes by treatment with Sarkosyl/cholate mixture and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The purified cytochrome b556 is an oligomer composed of identical polypeptides, with a molecular weight of 17,500, determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. It contains equimolar amounts of heme and polypeptide but no detectable non-heme iron, phospholipid, or dehydrogenase. Its isoelectric point was determined to be 8.5. The cytochrome b556 is highly hydrophobic in its amino acid composition and does not contain any half-cystine residues. The purified cytochrome b556 is spectrophotometrically pure and the alpha absorption peak in its difference spectrum at 77 K is at 556 nm. The molar extinction coefficient of cytochrome b556 was determined as 22.8 cm-1 mM-1. Its oxidation-reduction potential was found to be -45 mV. It could be reduced by D-lactate dehydrogenase of E. coli in the presence of menadione.


Very little is known about the role of medical evidence in the legal resolution of sexual assault cases. A retrospective review of hospital and police records was conducted to determine whether medico-legal evidence was related to the police laying of charges. Data were obtained from 187 female sexual assault victims who presented to a large urban hospital-based sexual assault treatment center and the police in Ontario, Canada between January 1 and December 31, 1994. Using stepwise logistic regression medico-legal variables were tested while controlling for non-medical factors. Neither the collection of sperm, semen and/or saliva nor the documentation of clinically observed injuries was significant in predicting an arrest and charge. In contrast, non-medical variables such as the victim's age, use of alcohol, resistance and relationship to the assailant, and the corroborating evidence of a witness were related to charge-laying. We question the value of uncritically continuing to collect medical forensic evidence.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the depression, anxiety, stress response and self-care, to analyze the correlation among depression, anxiety, stress response and self-care by gender, and to determine factors associated with self-care in diabetic patients. Method: The subjects of this study were 103 participants with diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by using SAS program. Result: Items for self-care evaluation by gender were significant differences in hospital visit, hypoglycemia preparation, proper hygiene, taking a rest, foot injury check, drinking, and smoking. The female patients are more likely to have higher self-care score than the male patients. However, there were no differences in depression, anxiety and stress response by gender. In male patients, there were positive correlations between the degree of depression and stress response, the degree of anxiety and stress response. In female patients, there were positive correlations between the degree of depression and stress response, the degree of anxiety and stress response. In multiple regression analysis, gender and experienced admission is associated with self-care. Conclusion: We should consider integrated approaches for psychological problems in the management of diabetic patients.


In pure peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications and protocols using a flooding-based query algorithm, a large number of control packets (query packets) are transmitted on the network to search for target files. This clearly leads to a degradation of communication quality on the network and terminals as the number of users of the application increases. To solve such problems, this paper proposes: (1) a unified framework to describe a wide variety of query algorithms for pure P2P and (2) a new query algorithm based on this framework. Our framework determines the number of destinations for query packets based on the hop value recorded in received query packets. Simulation results revealed that the proposed query algorithm can reduce the overhead in the flooding-based query algorithm and k-random walks without decreasing the success rate of retrieval regardless of the density of target files in the network.


SHARON G. ADLER, MD: Good afternoon. I have the honor of moderating this session today because I stood in Jerry Appel's shoes last year. Each year the American Society of Nephrology invites a clinical nephrologist to test that person's mettle, usually an outstanding clinician, against the explicatory prowess of a renal pathologist. This year, Dr. Gerald Appel will be our clinician. Some of you in the audience may know that Jerry is an inveterate White Sox fan, and this year, after decades of doing not so well, they hit the ball out of the park, so, Jerry, you have to do as well as your team. I am going to present the case, and then Dr. Appel will discuss it.

The patient is a 23-yr-old Hispanic female who presented 1 mo previously to her private physician with a headache. She was treating her headache with a magnesium-containing herbal medication. A neurologic evaluation, including an MRI, was negative. At that time the serum creatinine was 1 mg/dl, and her BP was 120/80 mmHg.

One month later, she again presented with continued headache, 12 d of diarrhea, new-onset hypertension with a BP of 180/120 mmHg, and a fever of 100.4°F. Gross hematuria and a lower extremity rash had been noted for the past week. She was given nifedipine, which she did not take.

She returned the next day for reevaluation of her BP and was found to have worsening hypertension. Her serum creatinine rose to 1.6 mg/dl; her temperature had risen to 104°F; her urinalysis showed 3+ blood and 3+ protein, and the urinary sediment revealed several red blood cell casts. Over the next 2 d, her serum creatinine rose sequentially to 1.8 and 3.2 mg/dl, and oligoanuria developed.

Her past medical history was notable for her having had two first-trimester spontaneous …


The aviation sector is facing a massive change in terms of replacing the currently used fossil jet fuels (Jet A, JP5, etc.) with non-fossil jet fuels from sustainable feedstocks. This involves several challenges and, among them, we have the fundamental issue of current jet engines being developed for the existing fossil jet fuels. To facilitate such a transformation, we need to investigate the sensitivity of jet engines to other fuels, having a wider range of thermophysical specifications. The combustion process is particularly important and difficult to characterize with respect to fuel characteristics. In this study, we examine premixed and pre-vaporized combustion of dodecane, Jet A, and a synthetic test fuel, C1, based on the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) certified pathway behind an equilateral bluff-body flameholder, spray combustion of Jet A and C1 in a laboratory combustor, and spray combustion of Jet A and C1 in a single-sector model of a helicopter engine by means of numerical simulations. A finite rate chemistry (FRC) large eddy simulation (LES) approach is adopted and used together with small comprehensive reaction mechanisms of around 300 reversible reactions. Comparison with experimental data is performed for the bluff-body flameholder and laboratory combustor configurations. Good agreement is generally observed, and small to marginal differences in combustion behavior are observed between the different fuels.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determinate benefits of the association of local anaesthetic wounds infiltration and US-TAP-block with ropivacaine on postoperative pain, early recovery and hospital stay in patients undergoing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS: The study is double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Our hypothesis was that the association of wound infiltration and US-TAP block with Ropivacaine would decrease immediate post-operative pain and opioids use. Primary outcomes included postoperative pain and opioids demand during the hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were nausea/vomiting rate, stool passing time, use of pro-kinetics, length of hospital stay and 30-days readmission to the hospital for pain or other US-TAP-block related complications RESULTS: A total of 100 patients who underwent RARP were eligible for the analysis; 57 received the US-TAP block with 20 ml of 0.35% Ropivacaine (US-TAP-block group) and 43 did not receive US-TAP block (no-US-TAP group). All the patients received the local wound anaesthetic infiltration with 20 ml of 0.35% Ropivacaine. US-TAP block group showed a decreased mean NRS (2.7vs1.8; p=0.04) and reduced use of opioid (8 vs 2; p=0.01) in the first 24 h. Moreover, we found a shorter mean LOS (4.7 vs 4.2; p= 0.04) with a reduced use of pro-kinetics during the hospital stay (31 vs 12; p<0.001). No US-TAP-block related complications to were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Association of anaesthetic wound infiltration and US-TAP block with Ropivacaine as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen can be safely offered to patients undergoing RARP and ePLND. It improves the immediate post-operative pain control, reducing opioids administration and is associated to a decreased use of pro-kinetics and shorter hospital stay. Table. No title available. Source of Funding: none


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential influences of Socheongryong-tang(SCRT) on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in vivo. Materials and Methods: SCRT was orally administered to either male or female Sprague-Dawley rats once daily at doses of 0, 1000, 2000, or 5000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. The mRNA expression of CYP450s (CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B1/2, 2C11, 2E1, 3A1, 3A2, and 4A1) in liver tissues was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. And then, the protein expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2 in liver tissues was analyzed by the Western blot. Results: We found no significant influence in the mRNA expression of hepatic CYP1A2, 2C11, 2E1, 3A1, 3A2, and 4A1 after repeated administration of SCRT for 13 weeks. By contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of hepatic CYP1A1 was increased by repeated SCRT treatment in male rats, but not in female rats. The mRNA and protein expression of hepatic CYP2B1/2 in both genders was increased by administration of SCRT. Conclusion: A caution is needed when SCRT is co-administered with substrates of CYP2B1/2 for clinical usage. In case of male, an attention is also required when SCRT and drugs metabolized by CYP1A1 are taken together. Our findings provide information regarding the safety and effectiveness of SCRT when combined with conventional drugs. SUMMARY Oral administration of Socheongryong-tang for 13 weeks did not affect the mRNA expression of hepatic CYP1A2, 2C11, 2E1, 3A1, 3A2, and 4A1 In male rats, oral administration of Socheongryong-tang for 13 weeks induced the mRNA and protein expression of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2B1/2 In female rats, oral administration of Socheongryong-tang for 13 weeks induced the mRNA and protein expression of hepatic CYP2B1/2. Abbreviations used: SCRT: Socheongryong-tang, CYP450: Cytochrome P450, HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography, RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Soo-Jin Jeong


Emission of fine particles by mobile sources has been a matter of great concern due to its potential risk both to human health and the environment. Although there is no evidence that one sole component may be responsible for the adverse health outcomes, it is postulated that the metal particle content is one of the most important factors, mainly in relation to oxidative stress. Data concerning the amount and type of metal particles emitted by automotive vehicles using Brazilian fuels are limited. The aim of this study was to identify inhalable particles (PM10) and their trace metal content in two light-duty vehicles where one was fueled with ethanol while the other was fueled with gasoline mixed with 22% of anhydrous ethanol (gasohol); these engines were tested on a chassis dynamometer. The elementary composition of the samples was evaluated by the particle-induced x-ray emission technique. The experiment showed that total emission factors ranged from 2.5 to 11.8 mg/km in the gasohol vehicle, and from 1.2 to 3 mg/km in the ethanol vehicle. The majority of particles emitted were in the fine fraction (PM2.5), in which Al, Si, Ca, and Fe corresponded to 80% of the total weight. PM10 emissions from the ethanol vehicle were about threefold lower than those of gasohol. The elevated amount of fine particulate matter is an aggravating factor, considering that these particles, and consequently associated metals, readily penetrate deeply into the respiratory tract, producing damage to lungs and other tissues.


The rapid diminishing of fossil fuel resources, limited in nature and concerns of environment were the reasons for exploring the biodiesel use as petroleum based fuel substitute. Even though biodiesel is gaining worldwide attraction as a proper substitute for petroleum diesel, the cost of biodiesel is highly undesirable aspect in usage. The main reason for high price is the cost of feedstock. Hence biodiesel produced from cheap feedstock waste chicken fat could be used for biodiesel production to fulfill energy demand and alternative to petroleum diesel. The present work is focused on the fuel properties of biodiesel produced from waste chicken fat and performance & emission characteristics of 3.72 kW diesel engine when running with chicken fat biodiesel. Also its suitability is evaluated in comparison with other biodiesels like corn biodiesel, waste cooking oil biodiesel, sunflower biodiesel and petroleum diesel in terms of diesel engine performance & emission characteristics. Results show that it is possible to usethe chicken fat biodiesel in the existing diesel engine without any engine modification. The higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake specific fuel consumption were observed with chicken fat biodiesel compared to other biodiesels. However slightly lower performance was obtained with chicken fat biodiesel compared to petroleum diesel. Slightly lower NOX and higher HC & CO emissions were obtained with chicken fat biodiesel when compared to other biodiesels. Compared to petroleum diesel 20.08% higher NOX and 43.18% & 21.05% lower HC & CO were observed with chicken fat biodiesel. Keywords-Performance, Emission, Chicken fat biodiesel and Diesel engine


Recent developments in the field of biophotonics facilitate the raise of interest to inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) doped with Nd 3+  ions, because of their near-infrared (NIR) absorption. These NPs are interesting bioimaging probes for deep tissue visualization, while they can also act as local thermometers in biological tissues. Despite the good possibilities for visualization of NPs with Nd3+ ions in NIR spectral range, difficulties arise when studying the cellular uptake of these NPs using commercially available fluorescence microscopy systems, since the selection of suitable luminescence detectors is limited. However, Nd 3+  ions are able to convert NIR radiation into visible light, showing upconversion properties. In this paper we found optimal parameters to excite upconversion luminescence of Nd 3+ +:LaF NPs in living cells and to compare the distribution of the NPs inside the cell culture of human macrophages THP-1 obtained by two methods. Firstly, by detecting the upconversion luminescence of the NPs inVIS under NIR multiphoton excitation using laser scanning confocal microscopy and secondly, using transmission electron microscopy.


There is a close relationship between substance abuse (alcohol and other drugs) and intimate partner violence. Studies carried out with male offenders and with addicted patients show a high comorbidity rate between these two phenomena. However, few batterer intervention programmes have been implemented to date in the field of drug addiction. This paper proposes, first, the need to detect cases of intimate partner violence that are camouflaged beneath a drug problem. Thus, it is important to determine the prevalence rate of intimate partner aggressors among users of drug-addiction treatment programmes, as well as identifying the specific characteristics of these patients. Second, once aggressors are identified, it would be possible to develop specific programmes for the simultaneous treatment of the two problems (addiction and intimate partner violence). Some studies have already been carried with joint treatments for addiction and intimate partner violence. The results obtained are encouraging, and show that intervention programs with addictions can be a useful framework for applying also, where necessary, specific treatments for those addicted patients with an associated problem of intimate partner violence. Finally, implications for clinical practice and future research in this field are discussed.


Although new varieties are urgently needed for climate-smart legume production, legume breeding lags behind with cereals and underutilizes wild relatives. This paper provides insights in patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience of legume crops and wild relatives to enhance the use and conservation of these genetic resources for climate-smart legume breeding. We focus on Vigna, a pantropical genus with more than 88 taxa including important crops such as cowpea and mung bean. Sources of pest and disease resistance occur in more than 50 percent of the Vigna taxa, which were screened while sources of abiotic stress resilience occur in less than 20 percent of the taxa, which were screened. This difference suggests that Vigna taxa co-evolve with pests and diseases while taxa are more conservative to adapt to climatic changes and salinization. Twenty-two Vigna taxa are poorly conserved in genebanks or not at all. This germplasm is not available for legume breeding and requires urgent germplasm collecting before these taxa extirpate on farm and in the wild. Vigna taxa, which tolerate heat and drought stress are rare compared with taxa, which escape these stresses or tolerate salinity. These rare Vigna taxa should be prioritized for conservation and screening for multifunctional traits of combined abiotic and biotic stress resilience. The high presence of salinity tolerance compared with drought stress tolerance, suggests that Vigna taxa are good at developing salt-tolerant traits compared with drought-tolerant traits. Vigna taxa are therefore of high value for legume production in areas that suffer from salinization.


I was a young stockman of 16 on a cattle station in the Central Highlands of Queensland in 1954 when the great flood occurred in the Fitzroy River catchment. The sky turned black-green and 12 inches of rain fell in the first hour. Fresh out from England then, I was soon caught up in the old Queensland reality that any stranger in trouble is to be met as a friend in need. For days I worked with my boss freeing the neighbours' cattle from entanglements of destroyed wirefencing and feeding their horses stranded on islands.


Subject area

Marketing Strategy, International Marketing.

Study level/applicability

MBA Course Core course of Marketing Management. Specialization courses in Services marketing, Marketing Management, Retail Management. Executive training workshops on strategy formulations. Faculty development workshops on teaching pedagogy through cases. Capstone courses.

Case overview

The case talks about the declining share of Nokia globally, which affected Midcom's business. Despite this downfall, Midcom had maintained a majority share in the market. For now, the Middle East and Africa region was least effected by the global market share drop of Nokia, but Nokia's dropping market share was one of the threats Midcom might face in Africa. The segment where Android and BlackBerry Messenger (BBM) had hit Nokia was a minority stake holder in Nokia's share in Africa. The market itself was growing, but there was stiff competition from brands such as Samsung, Tecno, HTC, Apple and other Chinese brands. The case revolves around the strategies adopted by Midcom to maintain its leadership in the market to avoid the threats from its competitors.

Expected learning outcomes

The case seeks an intensive reading, research and a stimulating in-class discussion on implementing marketing strategy mixed with creating experience in the service industry with special focus on the telecom industry. The case is also open to other angles as per the other intents and context of the course and course instructor. Some of the learning outcomes from the case will be in the area of: customer satisfaction, distribution management, market leadership, retailing, competitive strategies in marketing and international marketing.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail email@example.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 8: Marketing


The electronic structure behaviour of Me2O3 oxides (Me = Ti, V, Cr) has been determined from XPS valence band and core level measurements. From Ti to Cr sesquioxide the relative intensity of the 3d band increases systematically which can be explained by the (atomic) photoelectric cross section and the number of 3d electrons. Simultaneously the 3d-2p band separation decreases indicating a more stronger band overlap equivalent an enhanced covalent bonding component. The different electrical properties among the corundum structure oxides are determined by the trigonal field splitted a1g and eg orbitals, their occupation and relative energy position at the Fermi level. The observations confirm the change from itinerant to more localized behaviour of d electrons caused by crystal structure parameter change (c/a ratio).


An electron microscopy study of large-sized DNA microparticles produced in PCR with different gene-specific primers and plasmid DNAs is described. DNA microspheres of two distinct types were revealed in the all studied samples, namely smooth moderately electron-dense microspheres, and highly electron-dense particles with large thorns and offshoots. Singular microspheres have the average diameter of 1 mum, and their aggregates were up to 3 mum in dimensions. In addition, rare so-called three-dimensional net-like structures with various size (up to several micrometers) were observed. They consisted of different amounts of DNA nanoparticles, having the special compact topology. In some studied samples the discs (nanodiscs) of several dozens nm in thickness and up to 3 mum in diameter were revealed. It was shown that the quantity of net-like structures and nanodiscs sharply increases in asymmetric PCR. We also observed DNA nanowires of different length and thickness, nanodots, nanoparticles in the form of shits of paper as well as electron-dense spherical nanoparticles of big size. Aqueous suspensions of DNA microparticles were heated at 94 degrees C for 5 min and analyzed by electron microscopy. It was shown that microspheres in heated suspensions underwent partial melting; they lost a part of DNA, therefore details of their structure (ultrastructure) can be recognized. At the some time numerous tangles of nanowires appeared. Molecular mechanisms of the DNA micro- and nanoparticles formation are discussed.


This article presents the essential aspects for understanding and reproducing the color of natural teeth with the use of direct resin composite. Fluorescence and opalescence are discussed, with special emphasis on counter-opalescence, which is primarily responsible for the appearance of an orange discoloration at the mamelon dentin tips and incisal edges of anterior teeth. The dynamics of color in natural teeth in relation to age is also discussed, focusing on the age-related changes that occur in enamel, dentin, and pulp. Further, it is demonstrated how to reproduce the esthetic features of natural teeth using latest-generation direct resin composites.


Objectives : This study was conducted to examine whether there are qualitative differences in attention problem among children with various psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder using clinical ADHD diagnostic system (ADS) T-scores. Methods : The subjects were 794 outpatient children aged from 5 to 15 years, including 540 children with ADHD, 95 children with depressive disorder, 86 children with anxiety disorder, and 73 children with tic disorder. Clinical T-scores on the ADS were calculated using the mean and standard deviations of four ADS variables for the ADHD group. Results : All four groups had T-scores on the ADS in the abnormal range. However, when comparing the clinical T-scores, the children with depressive and anxiety disorders performed better than the children with ADHD. We also found that although the four groups seemed to be similar in terms of clinical T-scores for omission and commission errors, there were significant differences in clinical T-scores for reaction time and the standard deviation of response time (RT) between the ADHD and other groups. Conclusions : We concluded that inattention and impulsivity might not be specific only to ADHD and that the clinical T-scores of RT and standard deviation of RT on the ADS could be used to discriminate between ADHD and other clinical groups.


Several viruses exploit clathrin-mediated endocytosis to gain entry into host cells. This process is also used extensively in biomedical applications to deliver nanoparticles (NPs) to diseased cells. The internalization of these nano-objects is controlled by the assembly of a clathrin-containing protein coat on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, which drives the invagination of the membrane and the formation of a cargo-containing endocytic vesicle. Current theoretical models of receptor-mediated endocytosis of viruses and NPs do not explicitly take coat assembly into consideration. In this paper we study cellular uptake of viruses and NPs with a focus on coat assembly. We characterize the internalization process by the mean time between the binding of a particle to the membrane and its entry into the cell. Using a coarse-grained model which maps the stochastic dynamics of coat formation onto a one-dimensional random walk, we derive an analytical formula for this quantity. A study of the dependence of the mean internalization time on NP size shows that there is an upper bound above which this time becomes extremely large, and an optimal size at which it attains a minimum. Our estimates of these sizes compare well with experimental data. We also study the sensitivity of the obtained results on coat parameters to identify factors which significantly affect the internalization kinetics.


Angular resolved normal emission photoelectron spectra of Cu(110) using linearly polarized light (ℏω = 21.22 eV) are presented. Within the frame of the three-step-model of photoemission corresponding spectra have been calculated and good agreement with experiment is achieved. Spin-orbit coupling is important and gives rise to a relaxation of single-group dipole selection rules even for low Z materials. Photoelectron spectra are critically dependent on external experimental parameters. All features in the experimental spectra may be interpreted by direct transitions.


The use of mobile devices and their affiliated software has brought about a very immense change in communication. From a different angle, marketing of goods and services for business entities has been made easier and better. However, it has been discovered that, to know about a specific entity one would need to have prior knowledge about it. This makes it hard for unknown entities to become reached by potential buyers. This is the case for SACCOS and SCCULT in Tanzania. The two become invisible to the consumer community due to their infamous nature, making their marketing difficult and hence, stunting their growth. Savings and Credit Cooperative Unions (SACCOS) are financial groups that provide their members with different financial services, including loans, savings, and investments. By lending capital to Small and Medium Enterprises, SACCOS have been a source of close to 94.7% employments of their members. It as well contributes up to 40% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, only less than 10% of the national population is beneficiary of the services offered by SACCOS in Tanzania. The purpose of this study was to bring to attention that most individuals do not engage with SACCOS and enjoy their easy and smooth services because they lack information. The study proved that with enough information and engagement of the SACCOS to society, many individuals could join SACCOS and enjoy their benefits. A mixed research method was used to gather information on the society's awareness of SACCOS, their knowledge, and usage of social media, and whether they have ever encountered news about SACCOS in their social media exploration. It was discovered that more than 70% of individuals have poor or no knowledge at all about SACCOS. The study discovered that, due to a large number of content contexts in social media, SACCOS are not easily found in such a pool of information. This project resulted in the development of an interactive mobile application for information sharing between the Savings and Credit Cooperatives Union League of Tanzania (SCCULT), their member cooperatives (SACCOS), and other stakeholders including the Tanzanian society mass. This is a mobile application dedicated to sharing news with society in a broader and more relevant way. Allowing individuals to have ease of access to SACCOS's basic information enough to help them build interest in joining them.


The pump wave enhanced density fluctuations in a semi-infinite plasma-molecular medium are reconsidered in order to facilitate our studies of scattering phenomena connected with the presence of these fluctuations. The reflexion coefficient is thus calculated and an analysis covering Brillouin scattering is performed.


A number of papers have recently dealt with the topics of economic risk and safety risk in open pits based on larger scale instabilities with more latency (warning time). Rockfall is, however, a low latency failure mechanism and as such, requires separate treatment. This paper presents a practical approach to quantifying rockfall risk based on real measurable data, which allows the model to be calibrated over time. A model is presented that readers can apply in software such as Microsoft Excel and to demonstrate, a practical example is provided. The practical example quantifies the risk for a real slope with and without controls, and demonstrates how factors such as rockfall fences, batter berm configurations, personnel exposure and vehicles can be accounted for to optimise slope design.


Abstract Background: Obesity and increased waist-to-hip ratio, emphasizing the importance of truncal obesity, have been found to correlate positively with increased cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. Owing to the inflammatory nature of atherosclerosis, the aim of our study was to find possible correlations between body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, and the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and neopterin in healthy lean and overweight adults. Methods: A total of 49 healthy adults (mean age 42.4±1.8years, 32 females and 17 males) were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio values. CRP and neopterin levels were measured. Results: CRP levels were found to be significantly higher in the group with BMI≥25kg/m2 compared to the group with BMI<25kg/m2 (p=0.014). Subjects with increased waist-to-hip ratio displayed significantly higher serum CRP and neopterin levels (p=0.014 and p=0.033, respectively) compared with the group in which the waist-to-hip ratio was <0.9. A strong positive correlation was found between CRP and BMI in the whole group (r=0.658, p=0.0001). Conclusions: Grouping overweight subjects according to their waist-to-hip ratio, which is an indicator of truncal obesity, seems to be convenient in studying the inflammatory process in relation to the elevation of adipose tissue. Elevated CRP and neopterin levels may be useful in the assessment of cardiovascular risk in overweight as well as obese subjects.


This work investigates the effects of the periodization of local and global multi-objective search algorithms. To this, we introduce a model for periodization and define a new multi-objective evolutionary algorithm adopting concepts from Evolutionary Strategies and NSGAII. We show that our method, especially when periodized with standard multi-objective genetic algorithms, excels for the evolution of digital circuits on the Cartesian Genetic Programming model as well as on some standard benchmarks such as the ZDT6.


A large part of the hydrated oceanic lithosphere consists of serpentinites exposed in ophiolites. Serpentinites constitute reactive chemical and thermal systems and potentially represent an effective sink for CO2. Understanding carbonation mechanisms within ophiolites are almost exclusively based on studies of outcrops, which can limit the interpretation of fossil hydrothermal systems. We present stable and radiogenic carbon isotope data that provide insights into the isotopic trends and fluid evolution of peridotite carbonation in ICDP Oman Drilling Project drill holes BA1B (400‐m deep) and BA3A (300‐m deep). Geochemical investigations of the carbonates in serpentinites indicate formation in the last 50 kyr, implying a distinctly different phase of alteration than the initial oceanic hydration and serpentinization of the Samail Ophiolite. The oldest carbonates (∼31 to >50 kyr) are localized calcite, dolomite, and aragonite veins, formed between 26°C and 43°C and related to focused fluid flow. Subsequent pervasive small amounts of dispersed carbonate precipitated in the last 1,000 years. Macroscopic brecciation and veining of the peridotite indicate that carbonation is influenced by tectonic features allowing infiltration of fluids over extended periods and at different structural levels such as along fracture planes and micro‐fractures and grain boundaries, causing large‐scale hydration of the ophiolite. The formation of dispersed carbonate is related to percolating fluids with δ18O lower than modern ground and meteoric water. Our study shows that radiocarbon investigations are an essential tool to interpret the carbonation history and that stable oxygen and carbon isotopes alone can result in ambiguous interpretations.


In this paper, a new interval arithmetic approach for analysis and design of robust controllers of systems with bounded state and control variables is presented. Based on guaranteed simulations of nonlinear dynamical systems with uncertain parameters, bounds of the admissible range of the control variables are calculated. During the computation of these bounds, time-dependant restrictions of the state variables arc considered as well as limitations of the control variables. To point out the advantages of this approach, it is applied to a subsystem model of the activated sludge process in biological wastewater treatment describing the reduction of biodegradable organic matter.


Neuronal networks within the spinal cord of mammals are responsible for generating various rhythmic movements, such as walking, running, swimming, and scratching. The ability to generate multiple rhythmic movements highlights the complexity and flexibility of the mammalian spinal circuitry. The present review describes features of some rhythmic motor behaviors generated by the mammalian spinal cord and discusses how the spinal circuitry is able to produce different rhythmic movements with their own sets of goals and demands.


Introduction Senior trainees (residents) are poised to be unique effectors of clinical feedback. While several curricula are available to teach residents to give or elicit feedback, our curriculum is unique in that it teaches both the giving and elicitation of feedback and focuses on the longitudinal coaching relationship as opposed to onetime feedback interactions. This curriculum provides a framework, called clinical coaching, for streamlining and enhancing feedback interactions between senior and junior trainees. Methods This curriculum consists of: (1) a video module, (2) an interactive workshop, and (3) role-plays. Participants view the module, which simulates traditional feedback contrasted with the suggested approach. Next, an interactive workshop stimulates reflection on feedback, then defines and demonstrates clinical coaching. Finally, participants practice coaching with prewritten scenarios that illustrate critical steps in clinical coaching. Results This workshop was initially conducted in September 2014 with 50 participants. Thirty-nine house staff completed the postcurricular survey (13 had attended the workshop, 26 had not). Recognition of interns soliciting feedback one or more times per week was greater amongst workshop attendees (83% of residents, 78% of interns), as compared to nonattendees (53% of residents, 67% of interns). Preparation to give feedback differed amongst resident attendees versus nonattendees (0% vs. 19%, respectively, reported no preparation). Discussion These results highlight a need to increase awareness of and preparedness for the vital role that trainees can play in coaching. Training house staff in coaching has the potential to transform feedback for teachers and learners alike.


Cretaceous coals of the western Gallup field, New Mexico, occur with detrital wedges that interfinger to the northwest with brackish-marine sediments of the San Juan basin. This study documents detailed stratigraphic relations and the relation of coal occurrence to depositional environments of the Gallup, Crevasse Canyon, and Menefee formations. One hundred and fifteen sections form the basis for three-dimensional reconstructions of a 30-sq km area northwest of Gallup. The regressive Gallup Sandstone represents reworking of river-mouth sands into coastal barriers where coals accumulated in back-barrier subfacies. This formation grades upward into the Dilco Coal Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation characterized by varve-like fine-grained sediments, thin sandstones, and coals, which pass upward into thick, northwesterly transported fluvial sandstones. These merge laterally and upward into northerly oriented, thick paleochannel sandstones of the Bartlett Barren Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation. The coal-bearing Gibson Coal Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation, which cannot be differentiated from the Cleary Coal Member of the overlying Menefee Formation, contains finer grained sediments and coals deposited in a broad interfluvial depressio bounded on the west by Bartlett alluvial channel facies. Coal accumulation in this depression was terminated by southeasterly oriented, crevasse-like deposits associated with thick fluvial sandstones (Menefee Formation). Stratigraphic variations of coal beds are directly related to their proximity to contemporaneous channel facies. Uniformly thick coals trend subparallel to channel facies; near the channel facies, coals become erratic and pass into rooted, carbonaceous overbank detritus. Coals are offset locally by faults caused by differential compaction beneath overlying channel sandstones. End_of_Article - Last_Page 689------------


A semilinear space S is ultrahomogeneous if each isomorphism between the semilinear structures induced on two finite subsets can be extended to an automorphism of S. We give a complete classification of all finite ultrahomogeneous semilinear spaces. Our theorem extends a result of A. Gardiner on graphs and a result of A. Devillers and J. Doyen on linear spaces. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 05B25, 51E14, 20B25.


Concrete is the most widely used artificial material, and shapes the largest area of the built environment in the Netherlands. Its waste stream is responsible for the highest percentage of construction and demolition waste and fundamental knowledge for affordable high-grade applications from old concrete has already been introduced. More precisely, the development of technologies that can separate End-of-life (EoL) concrete into its constituents, facilitates its recycling and reuse into new building materials and not in low-quality applications. However, in terms of concrete recycling, there is insufficient communication of the novel technologies in the construction sector and supply chain systems are not introduced in real-world problems. The current research focuses on a closed-loop approach concerning the production of conventional concrete based on a supply chain design. Specifically, the conventional and closed-loop supply chain of the production of concrete are designed in accordance with the SCOR Model. The main differences are identified and a 'Concrete-to-concrete Recycling Plant' is proposed as a solution to the EoL problem. It argues to change completely the conventional supply chain of concrete, and therefore recommendations for its future location in an urban environment are given. Additionally, a calculation tool regarding the recycling plant is developed in order to evaluate the suggested solution. The present study demonstrates that for each category of concrete, either prefabricated or site-cast, a recycling plant should be located next to the prefabricated or mortar industry in order to diminish transportation and inventory costs, as well as take advantage of the operating speeds of the novel technologies that compose the plant. Results indicate that a recycling plant is in accordance with the current market conditions and constitutes an efficient solution to the EoL concrete treatment by making concrete a circular material. Further research is required on a laboratory scale in order to collect quantitative data, communicate the results, and consequently, increase the awareness and acceptance of recycled aggregates in the construction sector.


Advances in 21st century genetic technologies offer new directions for addressing public health and environmental challenges, yet raise important social and ethical questions. Though the need for inclusive deliberation is widely recognized, institutionalized risk definitions, regulation standards, and imaginations of publics pose obstacles to democratic participation and engagement. This paper traces how the problematic precedents set by the 1975 Asilomar Conference emerge in contemporary discussions on CRISPR, and draws from a recent controversy surrounding field trial releases of genetically modified mosquitoes to explicate the ways in which these precedents undermine efforts to engage publics in decisions at the science-policy interface.


The preparation of students for design problem solving is an important aspect of engineering education. While it may appear obvious that senior engineering students will be more adept at solving design problems than freshmen engineering students, this perceived progress should be measured and quantified. Analysis of the factors a student considers when approaching an engineering design problem will provide a means of measuring and quantifying the differences of the abilities of students. A study was conducted in which 93 engineering students (both freshmen and seniors) were asked to list the factors one would consider in solving a particular large scale engineering design problem. The responses of the students were videotaped and then transcribed. Two coding schemes were developed to categorize the statements that students made while discussing design factors, first by physical location of the topic of the factor, and secondly by the frame of reference in which the factor is mentioned. In this paper, the transcribed responses of 25 students are described and discussed within the framework of the two categorization schemes. The goal of this preliminary analysis was to validate the coding scheme that will be applied to the full data set. Index terms engineering design, design factors, broad problem definition


The workloads, study methods, and motivation of students in a five-year BVSc program were studied using questionnaires and focus groups. Students in each year of the program were asked, on three occasions over an academic year, to record details of their out-of-class study time for each course they were taking and to record the study methods they used, how they prioritized their time between subjects, and how they allocated time to study and leisure activities. Mean response rates were 57% (range: 43-85%). Overall mean out-of-class study time ranged from 19 hours per week in Year 2 to 28 hours per week in Year 4. Study time was related to the level of interest the student had in the subject, the demands of assessments, and the number of subjects being studied. Study methods were related to students' perceptions of the requirements of the subject as well as to their interest in it. Reliance on memorization and the use of set study materials were the predominant methods for courses with low interest scores, whereas higher interest was associated with a broad range of study methods. Leisure time was ring-fenced, especially when workloads were high. Students' motivation was high when they were studying subjects that were new or were seen as relevant to clinical practice; when working with animals or with enthusiastic faculty members; and when involved in subjects more tightly focused on the ultimate goal of becoming a practitioner. It was poor when students were faced with high workloads, disciplines becoming "stale," excessive detail, and low perceptions of relevance. Constant assessment activities were also seen as a burden. In terms of good learning practices, workload and the demands of assessment were considered to be antagonistic. A tension between these perceptions of students and the values of faculty in terms of the development of critical thinking skills in the program is evident.


The traditional necessary condition for futures market inefficiency is the existence of alternative forecasting methods that produce mean squared forecast errors smaller than the futures market. Here, a more exacting requirement for futures market efficiency is proposedforecast encompassing. Using the multiple forecast encompassing procedure of Harvey and Newbold, forecast encompassing is tested with the CME fluid milk futures contract. Time series models and experts at the USDA provide the competing forecasts. The results suggest that the CME fluid milk futures do not encompass the information contained in the USDA forecasts at a two-quarter forecast horizon. While the competing forecasts generate positive revenues, it is unlikely that trading returns would exceed transaction costs in this relatively new futures market.


Risk identification often produces nothing more than a long list of risks, which can be hard to understand or manage. The list can be prioritised to determine which risks should be addressed first, but this does not provide any insight into the structure of risk on the project. Traditional qualitative assessment cannot indicate those areas of the project which require special attention, or expose recurring themes, concentrations of risk, or 'hot‐spots' of risk exposure. The best way to deal with a large amount of data is to structure the information to aid comprehension. For risk management, this can be achieved with a Risk Breakdown Structure )RBS) a hierarchical structuring of risks on the project. The RBS can assist in understanding the distribution of risk on a project or across a business, aiding effective risk management. Just as the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is an important tool for projects because it scopes and defines the work, so the RBS can be an invaluable aid in understanding risk. The WBS forms the basis for many aspects of the project management process; similarly, the RBS can be used to structure and guide the risk management process. This paper presents the concept of the RBS, and gives a number of examples drawn from different project types and industries. Although not necessarily based in FM, the concepts and experience can be applied to any project. The benefits of using the RBS are then outlined, including as an aid for risk identification or risk assessment, comparison of projects, providing a framework for cross‐project risk reporting, and structuring lessons to be learned for future projects. This paper shows how to use the RBS to gain these benefits.


Here we offer a thorough review of the empirical literature on the conditions under which an object, such as a tool or a prosthetic (whether real or virtual), can be experienced as being in some sense a part or extension of one's body. We discuss this literature both from the standpoint of the apparent malleability of our body representations, and also from within the framework of radical embodied cognition, which understands the phenomenon to result not from an alteration to a representation, but rather from the achievement of a certain kind of sensory/motor coupling. We highlight both the tensions between these frameworks, and also areas where they can productively complement one another for future research.


A multiple-phase, population-based health and hazard survey of Ohio cash grain
farms and farmers is currently underway. The project was designed as a collaborative
effort between Ohio State University, CDC/NIOSH, and the State of Ohio. In
Phase 1 of the project ( June to November 1993), a stratified random sample of 4,860
cash grain farms was selected from a comprehensive statewide roster. A mixed-mode
survey (i.e., a self-administered, mailed questionnaire, with telephone follow-up of mail
non-responders) was then conducted to obtain health and hazard data of interest. The
content and design of the questionnaire was modeled after NCHS's National Health
Interview Survey, a national health survey of the civilian non-institutionalized
population of the United States. Depending on the definition used, the survey response
rate ranged from 43.6% to 71.4%. Negligible differences in the response rates were seen
with respect to farm size and region of the state, although some non-random variation
in the response rates was apparent on a county-to-county basis. In attempting to assess
the potential for non-response bias by conducting a (mail) survey of Phase-1 nonresponders,
results indicated responders and non-responders were similar on most
factors where direct comparisons were possible. Survey methods are described and
reasons for the lower-than-desired response discussed.


however, it is hypertonia rather than muscle twitching that occurs. Glavinia and Robertshaw described a case of myoclonic spasm in a 59-year-old woman who received a bolus of 3 mg of intrathecal morphine for intractable pain [2] while Jayawardena and Hill described a case of myoclonus in a 65-year-old woman 24 h after discontinuing a diamorphine infusion into the epidural space [3]. In both the previously reported cases of myoclonic spasms following the administration of morphine and diamorphine, the drugs had been infused spinally in much smaller doses. The 100-fold difference in dose before the development of myoclonus is probably related to the concentration gradient between the intravenous and cerebrospinal compartments, this being a function of a lipid solubility of diamorphine. Terminally ill patients a t the Hospice commonly receive comparable doses of diamorphine and morphine to that initially given to this patient without developing myoclonic spasms, but ureteric obstruction leading to chronic renal insufficiency may have accelerated central neuronal toxicity in this patient as it would impair excretion of unconjugated active morphine.


A series of twenty-eight patients (thirty-nine hips) with slipped capital femoral epiphysis has been presented. In eleven hips in eleven patients acute necrosis of cartilage developed.

The incidence of acute necrosis of cartilage complicating slipped femoral epiphysis in patients of Hawaiian ancestry appears quite high. Whether this is due to genetic or socioenvironmental factors has not been determined.

The incidence of acute necrosis of cartilage is most directly correlated with the severity of the femoral epiphyseal slipping at the time of diagnosis.

Slipped capital femoral epiphyses treated by open reduction, cast immobilization, or prolonged traction appeared to be most susceptible to acute necrosis of cartilage. However, any conclusion that there is a necessary relationship may be an illusion, since it was the most severe slippings that had this kind of treatment.

Acute necrosis of cartilage is a severe complication of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Although occasionally some cartilage space is reconstituted, the usual course is eventual ankylosis or progressive degenerative arthritis of the involved hip.


Who is "Ours" and Who is German? Loyal Czechoslovak Citizens and Topics Related to Germanness, 1948–1956 The study focuses on ways in which the Czechoslovak state propaganda instrumentalized topics related to Germanness while striving to build and strengthen Czechoslovak citizens' loyalty to the new regime after the communist accession to power in 1948. The main target group of the research were children and the youth. The results show that the post-war image of a "German" equaled to a "danger" was intentionally neutralized with the help of a wide spectrum of propagandist tools. The necessity of stabilization and integration of the Soviet bloc and reinforcement of its military strength was safeguarded by representing Western Germans as unfortunate victims oppressed by the imperialists and Eastern Germans as "trusted neighbors" who could be relied upon even as the armed allies. The task of supporting the social cohesion of the "working class" demanded the introduction of a new political discourse which could guarantee the inclusion of remaining members of the German minority in Czechoslovakia. Keywords: Czechoslovak-German relations, youth, communism, propaganda, regime loyalties


Abstract Background understanding care-home outbreaks of COVID-19 is a key public health priority in the ongoing pandemic to help protect vulnerable residents. Objective to describe all outbreaks of COVID-19 infection in Scottish care-homes for older people between 01/03/2020 and 31/05/2020 with follow-up to 30/06/2020. Design and setting National linked data cohort analysis of Scottish care-homes for older people. Methods data linkage was used to identify outbreaks of COVID-19 in care-homes. Care-home characteristics associated with the presence of an outbreak were examined using logistic regression. Size of outbreaks was modelled using negative binomial regression. Results 334 (41%) Scottish care-homes for older people experienced an outbreak, with heterogeneity in outbreak size (1–63 cases; median = 6) and duration (1–94 days, median = 31.5 days). Four distinct patterns of outbreak were identified: 'typical' (38% of outbreaks, mean 11.2 cases and 48 days duration), severe (11%, mean 29.7 cases and 60 days), contained (37%, mean 3.5 cases and 13 days) and late-onset (14%, mean 5.4 cases and 17 days). Risk of a COVID-19 outbreak increased with increasing care-home size (for ≥90 beds vs <20, adjusted OR = 55.4, 95% CI 15.0–251.7) and rising community prevalence (OR = 1.2 [1.0–1.4] per 100 cases/100,000 population increase). No routinely available care-home characteristic was associated with outbreak size. Conclusions reducing community prevalence of COVID-19 infection is essential to protect those living in care-homes. More systematic national data collection to understand care-home residents and the homes in which they live is a priority in ensuring we can respond more effectively in future.


Reducing crime is not just about making arrests and convicting criminals. The social and economic inequalities
that cause crime require 'crime prevention' measures that can take years to show any results. But there is an
alternative. This article argues for locally based interventions that can change social behaviour in the short term
and have an immediate impact on safety and security. By-laws, for example, can be used to target those with
something to lose and to regulate the 'free-for-all' environment that grips many of our inner cities.


In the last decade, discourse on sexuality has proliferated more than ever in the political realm in Turkey. The discursive utilization of women's bodies and sexualities has appeared as the main tool to consolidate a conservative gender regime and the heterosexual family with children is promoted as the basic unit to reinforce hegemonic moral values and norms. This article aims to disentangle the intricate patchwork in the Justice and Development Party's (JDP) gender politics, which is geared towards ensuring pervasive control of women's bodies and sexualities. Within this framework, this article investigates the proliferation of the discourse on women's bodies and sexualities in Turkish politics by delving into the constitutive factors of the JDP's hegemonic gender politics and examining the narrative lines in recent public debates on women's sexualities.


Being at the core of construction pervious concrete has gravitate curiosity of many passionate researchers towards itself. They studied and experimented with different composition to evaluate efficiency of pervious concrete. Such explorations lead to conquering many hurdles and lead ultimately to sustainable development, a very important aspect of research in the 21st century. The main objective of the work is to investigate the experimental investigation of pervious concrete with special admixture fly ash and super plasticizer permaplast. In this work, a brief literature review has been carried out on previous concrete, fly ash and permaplast. The size of the cubes 150 mm were used to assess the compressive strength of porous concrete. The percentage of Fly ash is varying like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% was used in this study for replacement of cement. From this comparison of different flyash percentage will make the economic as well as the strength benefits. The pervious concrete are also eco-friendly for the ground water recharge activities. From this cost analysis we can conclude that 5% of fly ash saves the cost of 71 rupees when compared with 100% of cement and also the strength of the pervious concrete mix with fly ash and permaplast nearly attain to the pervious concrete but not get increased.


The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) obligates authorities to assess the ecological status of rivers. The sampling of the fish assemblage must be based on a reliable and cost-effective monitoring programme, and it should be optimised to measure the ecological quality cost-effectively. The efficiency of single-pass versus three-pass backpack electric fishing was measured to assess ecological status. The data included 295 electric fishing samplings from 137 rivers in Finland and a 5-year data series from six small forest streams in mid-eastern Finland. Compared with three-pass electric fishing, single-pass electric fishing in the same area increased the risk of missing rare fish species and species with low catchability. The concordance of the calculated fish metrics (e.g. proportion of tolerant and intolerant species) between one- and three-pass measurements was, however, high, suggesting that single-pass electric fishing was a suitable sampling procedure to evaluate ecological status. Increasing the area sampled by single-pass removals stabilised the variances in the fish metrics and similarity indexes. It was concluded that in small streams electric fishing an area 24–27 times the stream width and in general a minimum of 300 m2, but preferably more than 450 m2, was adequate to estimate fish assemblage attributes reliably in boreal streams.


The effect of colouron different aspects of performance has been the subject of substantial research interest, and red had been shown to have varying effects on not only performance, but perceptions as well. This study examined the effect of apparel colour on self-predicted and actual motor performance. Thirty-six young adults (18 females, 18 males; 20.4 SD 1.32 years old), who had no experience in football, performed a task consisting of an agility ladder drill and football shooting, in each of three bib colours (red, blue, black). Self-predicted and actual performances were measured on the dimensions of shooting accuracy and kicking power. A significant effect of colour on self-predicted shooting accuracy was found. Participants expected themselves to shoot less accurately when they were wearing a red bib, compared to when wearing blue and black bibs. No effect of colour on actual performance was found and no significant interaction was found between colour and sex. The findings suggest that wearing red could reduce users' expectations of their performance in a novel motor task; there is no effect on actual performance.


A facile synthesis of Ag2S-hollow Fe2O3 nanocomposites with NIR photoluminescence was firstly demonstrated by the sulfidation of Ag-Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. Characteristic morphology transformations along with color changes were recorded and a mechanism was proposed for the sulfidation process, which can provide new possibilities to fabricate other complex nanostructures.