A high-resolving-power x-ray spectrometer has been developed for the OMEGA EP Laser System based on a spherically bent Si [220] crystal with a radius of curvature of 330 mm and a Spectral Instruments (SI) 800 Series charge-coupled device. The instrument measures time-integrated x-ray emission spectra in the 7.97- to 8.11-keV range, centered on the Cu Kα1 line. To demonstrate the performance of the spectrometer under high-power conditions, Kα1,2 emission spectra were measured from Cu foils irradiated by the OMEGA EP laser with 100-J, 1-ps pulses at focused intensities above 1018 W/cm2. The ultimate goal is to couple the spectrometer to a picosecond x-ray streak camera and measure temperature-equilibration dynamics inside rapidly heated materials. The plan for these ultrafast streaked x-ray spectroscopy studies is discussed.


This work proposed a reversible data hiding algorithm that is based on the interleaving max-min difference histogram. The method divides the cover image into non-overlapping identical blocks. In each block, the maximum or minimum pixel is selected to calculate absolute differences between the gray level value of the selected pixel and that of the other pixels. Then, these differences are used to generate a histogram and the histogram shifting method is adopted to embed data. The change of the pixel gray level upon shifting and embedding obtained using the max difference is contrary to that obtained using the min difference. The method of interleaving uses the max difference and the min difference to counteract the change in the gray levels of some pixels. The total of the changed gray level values is thus reduced. Therefore, the PSNR value can be increased and the quality of the stego image improved. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method yields a higher embedding capacity than that of the median difference histogram.


Patogenity Test of Ganoderma Over the Sengon Seedlings  (Paraserienthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) Sengon tree (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) often used by farmers as component planted in agroforestry system as well as shade trees planted in between other crops such as coffee and cacao. Ganoderma infection, basal stem rot disease is becoming more prevalent and causing significant loss in sengon tree and other estate crops. The aim of this research is to understand how the effect of the inoculation to the sengon seed. There are two majors in the research i.e. non inoculation and inoculation treatments. Each treatment consisted of three observation blocks that are considered equal and each block consisted of four plants (the seeds sengon age one and a half months) as replicates. The non inoculation treatments are all combinations of root and foodbase treatments. Foodbase treatment itself is divided into two i.e. the sengon wood piece with varying size (3, 4, and 5 cm diameters) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) without inoculation of Ganoderma lucidum SP1 (Ganoderma SP1) from Ciamis area (from lamtoro tree) and isolates of G. lucidum SP2 (Ganoderma SP2)  (from sengon plants) derived from the collection of Forest Pathology Laboratory. In general, the result of control treatments calculation has a better average growth compared to the inoculation treatment. This result can be seen on the accretion parameter of heights and leaflets. It is possible to do the observation on the treatment of the inoculation with the negative growth tendencies. The calculation on pathogenity test shows that Ganoderma  SP2 has more pathogenic than Ganoderma  SP1.


BACKGROUND
Little research exists regarding how real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) data sharing plays a role in the relationship between patients and their care partners.

OBJECTIVE
To (1) identify the benefits and challenges related to RT-CGM data sharing from the patient and care partner perspective and (2) to explore the number and type of individuals who share and follow RT-CGM data.

METHODS
This qualitative content analysis was conducted by examining publicly available blogs focused on RT-CGM and data sharing. A thematic analysis of blogs and associated comments was conducted.

RESULTS
A systematic appraisal of personal blogs examined 39 blogs with 206 corresponding comments. The results of the study provided insight about the benefits and challenges related to individuals with diabetes sharing their RT-CGM data with a care partner(s). The analysis resulted in three themes: (1) RT-CGM data sharing enhances feelings of safety, (2) the need to communicate boundaries to avoid judgment, and (3) choice about sharing and following RT-CGM data. RT-CGM data sharing occurred within dyads (n = 46), triads (n = 15), and tetrads (n = 2).

CONCLUSIONS
Adults and children with type 1 diabetes and their care partners are empowered by the ability to share and follow RT-CGM data. Our findings suggest that RT-CGM data sharing between an individual with diabetes and their care partner can complicate relationships. Healthcare providers need to engage patients and care partners in discussions about best practices related to RT-CGM sharing and following to avoid frustrations within the relationship.


A global crisis, that puts under threat the health of millions of beings all over the world, has shown how we ought to rethink the way in which we treat animals, particularly those belonging to wildlife. In this issue, and in global preview, we do this through the China case, where a reform of the law regarding wild animals is being discussed. This bridge between the East and the West, represented by the magazine, also deals with various forms of abuse on animals, a problem which is often overlooked in everyday life. Thus, we take under consideration once again the animal wellbeing of fish, that are always left in the background when discussing animals, and we refer particularly to the relation between interpersonal violence and animal abuse. The book reviews, which are always so important in our editorial outlook, show once again that the magazine attracts the interest of the readers with the critical review of certain books that have recently dealt with animal rights, or of others that continue to question the issue because they deal with particular themes that are always interesting to divulge.


In this paper, an electrical power simulation program was developed to predict the energy consumption of the electrical railway propulsion system, which considered the actual operating conditions of the electric railway vehicles. The developed program was designed to predictable the energy consumption during a virtual driving in the actual route of the virtual railway vehicles equipped with a propulsion system consisting of power conversion equipments and traction motors. In addition, the accuracy verification of the electrical power simulation program for a propulsion system was performed by using a real power consumption data, which was measured during the driving of the railway vehicles in the Gyeongui Line. In conclusion, the electrical power simulation program for a propulsion system was validated throughout a comparative investigation between the simulated values and the experimental values and the energy consumption characteristics of electric railway vehicles on the existing route or the new route will be possible to predict throughout the virtual simulation considering the driving conditions of the electric railway vehicles.


We studied the effect of nonsteroid antiinflammatory (Indomethacin, R), in the palate fusion of rat embryos from different strains with variable susceptibility and also the influence of glucocorticoids. Indomethacin inhibits the fusion of the palate process with variable rate depending of the rat strain. In reciprocal inbred we observed that the effect is greater in embryo from susceptible females than from resistant females. This demonstrates that there are a maternal influence in the induction of cleft palate due to Indomethacin.


Olof Palme, the former Prime Minister of Sweden, underlined the importance of a firm global response to the growing environmental crisis in his 06 June 1972 address to the first UN Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) held in Stockholm. He prophetically observed: "it is absolutely necessary that concerted, international action is undertaken . . . solutions will require far-reaching changes in attitudes and social structures". Almost 50 years later, it is painfully clear that the necessary changes have not taken place and that time is now even more limited to make the necessary, far-reaching changes. How can the conclusions from the Stockholm Conference and ideas envisioned by Olof Palme can guide us into a better common greener future?


Whereas Theseus used Ariadne's red thread as his guide in the labyrinth of Crete after slaying the Minotaur, in this issue of The Journal of PhysiologyRajguru et al. (2011) have used a red thread of light from an infrared laser travelling down an optical fibre to guide us to a stunningly bright insight into intracellular events in the vestibular labyrinth of the inner ear. Up to now vestibular hair cell receptors have been stimulated either by mechanical shearing of the cilia relative to the cell body caused by fluid flow in the semicircular canal, or by electrical stimulation. This paper reports an entirely new means of vestibular hair cell stimulation – by light.


We introduce an infinite-dimensional affine group and construct its irreducible unitary representation. Our approach follows the one used by Vershik, Gelfand and Graev for the diffeomorphism group, but with modifications made necessary by the fact that the group does not act on the phase space. However it is possible to define its action on some classes of functions.


Prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha were quantitatively determined in culture media from Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts and two virus-transformed derivatives of these cells. Regular and (simian virus 40)-transformed 3T3 cells produced low and almost identical prostaglandin E2 concentrations. The levels were maximal (10 ng/ml) 24 h after planting and decreased during the next 96 h to 2.5 ng/ml. In contrast, polyoma-virus-transformed 3T3 cells produced prostaglandin E2 continuously for 120 h, giving a final concentration of 270 ng/ml. Fresh medium supplemented with calf serum reinitiated prostaglandin production in confluent 3T3 cells. Maximal prostaglandin E2 concentrations were obtained between 6 and 18 h after medium change and were proportional to the serum concentration of the medium. Indomethacin (10(-6) M) completely inhibited prostaglandin E2 production but not prostaglandin F2alpha production by these cells.


In cognitive radios, secondary users can use the spectrum exclusively allocated to a primary wireless system if the secondary users detect the spectrum in idle states. Because the secondary users can utilize the idle state of the spectrum, the utilization rate of the spectrum can be improved. The idle states can be detected by using secondary users" sensing schemes. However, the wireless channel environment where secondary users perform the spectrum sensing is not very friendly to secondary users because the signal-to-noise ratio of the received primary signal is very low. Hence, cooperative sensing scheme where more than one secondary user take part in the spectrum sensing is generally used in cognitive radios. In this paper, we investigate the cooperative sensing performance for machine-to-machine communication devices operated by batteries with limited energy. In general, the energy consumed for the spectrum sensing increases as the length of the sensing period and the number of cooperative sensing nodes. Accordingly, even though the total amount of the consumed energy is the same, an energy allocation methodology how to distribute the energy to the sensing period and sensing nodes can achieve the optimum sensing performance, which is numerically analyzed.


Glycosphingolipids are expressed on the cell membrane and act as important factors in various events that occur across the plasma membrane. Lactosylceramide (LacCer) is synthesized from glucosylceramide and is a common precursor of various glycosphingolipids existing in whole body. Based on the enzyme purification, β1,4-galactosyltransferase 6 (B4galt6) cDNA was isolated as a LacCer synthase-coding gene in the rat brain. We generated B4galt6 gene knockout (KO) mice and analyzed their phenotypes to examine roles of β4GalT6. B4galt6 KO mice were born and grew up apparently normal. LacCer synthase activity and the composition of acidic glycosphingolipids in the brain were almost equivalent or minimally different between wild-type and KO mice. Studies by mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed that the silencing of B4galt5 gene resulted in the marked reduction in LacCer synthase activity and this reduction was more severe in MEFs derived from B4galt6 KO mice than those from wild-type mice. These results suggested that β4GalT6 plays a role as a LacCer synthase, whereas β4GalT5 acts as a main enzyme for LacCer biosynthesis in these tissues and cells.


Abstract: Balinese gamelan music is an Indonesia traditional music which consist of pelog and selendro scales. The existence of Balinese gamelan music in Yogyakarta has an important function in its community. It marks by the significant development of it. The establishment of organization and Balinese gamelan groups indicate the devolopment. Balinese gamelan music uses by the Yogyanese, as good Balinese or native Yogyanese. Contextually, Balinese gamelan music in Yogyakarta has four functions, such as: ritual ceremonial, entertainment, esthetic presentation, and arts education. First, as a medium of a ritual ceremonial, Balinese gamelan music uses to accampany dewa yadnya, pitra yadnya, and buta yadnya. Second, Balinese gamelan music uses as an entertainment. Third, as an artistic presentation usually treated with some creativities and innovations. And the last but not least, Balinese gamelan music uses as course matrial at the Gamelan and Etnomusicology Departments at the Indonesia Institute Of The Arts at Yogyakarta.


In world economy agriculture has own major part to improve financial stability of a country. However still we are facing many loopholes in that to develop agricultural techniques and to adopt new things to get better results. Hence still agriculture is the developing industry in many countries. Due to these problems farmers are not getting good crop productivity. To overcome from these problems first we have to predict crop yield by using latest technologies. For this here we have to use Machine Learning technology to predict crop yield from a dataset which is already stored in ( SMLT ) to get the details like Uni-variate analysis, By-vairiate analysis, Multi-vairiate analysis, Missing value treatment, Variable identification etc. To determine which algorithms are more accurate to predict crop yield, A comparative study done between Machine Learning algorithms. The best outcome shows that the effectiveness of the proposed Machine learning algorithm technique can be compared with best accuracy with calculation, precision, Recall, F1 score.


We herein describe a 38-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome and chronic type A aortic dissection. Computed tomography showed that the sinus of Valsalva and thoracoabdominal aorta had a diameter of 62 and 55 mm, respectively. After 7 months of a Bentall operation and total arch replacement with the elephant trunk technique, we performed thoracic endovascular aortic repair for an aneurysm of the descending aorta, but we preserved the retrograde flow into the false lumen because it supplied vessels perfusing the spinal cord. Computed tomography angiography 14 months after thoracic endovascular aortic repair showed that the thoracic aortic diameter had increased to 68 mm. We then performed partial (proximal only) coil embolization of the false lumen. After 6 months, the thoracic aortic diameter had decreased to 60 mm and the spinal cord remained perfused via the distal false lumen. Staged coil embolization after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aneurysmal chronic type B aortic dissection is feasible and can be beneficial.


The article considers the features of fortification in medieval settlements of western Alania by the example of large sites. Besides, the article describes the main types of defences. The conducted analysis ascertained three types of fortified settlements with common architectural and spatial regularities which probably show the world-view guidelines of patronymic society in medieval Alania during the period of intensive urban construction.


We report on an in-fiber Brewster device with a 45° tilted fiber grating (TFG) directly written by a plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription method. Up to 10 dB polarization-dependent loss was achieved, proving effective polarizing functionality. Furthermore, we employ it as an in-line polarizer to successfully mode lock a fiber laser through the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. A stable soliton pulse train has been generated at 1563.64 nm with a pulse width of 624 fs and pulse energy of 0.42 nJ. With proper polarization adjustment, the laser also can operate in a noise-like regime. The parameters of this kind of 45°-TFG can be flexibly customized owing to the high flexibility and controllability of the femtosecond laser-inscription approach. In particular, such in-fiber polarizing devices inscribed by femtosecond laser inscription without removing the fiber coating are extremely robust for fiber lasers working at a broad wavelength region including the mid-infrared.


To establish a blood-based biochemical profile for diagnosis and management of human leukemias, serum total sialic acid/total protein, lipid bound sialic acid, fucose/total protein and seromucoid fraction (quantitated as its hexoses and protein contents) levels were measured by highly specific spectrophotometric methods. Compared to the controls (n = 150), all the biomarkers were significantly elevated in anemia patients (pathological controls, n = 77) and untreated leukemia patients (n = 145). Furthermore, significantly raised levels of the markers were observed in untreated leukemia patients compared to anemia patients. Fucose/total protein was the most specific (71.0%) marker, while hexose levels were the most sensitive (93.0%) marker for leukemia. The levels of the biomarkers in patients with persistent leukemic activity/accelerated leukemic phase were significantly higher than those in patients in remission and were comparable with pretreatment levels. The study suggested that the markers evaluated are useful in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of leukemia patients.


We present a 1.4 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) study of a sample of early-type galaxies (ETGs) from the ATLAS3D survey. The radio morphologies of these ETGs at a resolution of θFWHM ≈ 5 arcsec include sources that are compact on sub-kpc scales, resolved structures similar to those seen in star-forming spiral galaxies, and kpc-scale radio jets/lobes associated with active nuclei. We compare the radio, CO, and infrared (IR) properties of these ETGs. The most CO-rich ETGs have radio luminosities consistent with extrapolations from H2 mass derived star-formation rates from studies of late-type galaxies. These ETGs also follow the radio-IR correlation. However, ETGs with lower molecular gas masses tend to have less radio emission relative to their CO and IR emission compared to spirals. The fraction of galaxies in our sample with high IR-radio ratios is much higher than in previous studies, and cannot be explained by a systematic underestimation of the radio luminosity due to the presence extended, low-surface-brightness emission that was resolved out in our VLA observations. We find that the high IR-radio ratios tend to occur at low IR luminosities, but are not associated with low dynamical mass or metallicity. Thus, we have identified a population of ETGs that have a genuine shortfall of radio emission relative to both their IR and CO emission. A number of mechanisms may cause this deficiency, including a bottom-heavy stellar initial mass function, weak magnetic fields, a higher prevalence of environmental effects compared to spirals, and enhanced cosmic ray losses.


While virtual reality systems are used in training and in mental health treatment to simulate real-world environments, understanding the mental processing differences between artificial and real scenes has been difficult to substantiate. The ability to compare brain processing in virtual and real exposures could provide an objective quantitative comparison. In this paper, we demonstrate that verifiable EEG measurements of mental activity can be obtained while subjects are immersed in a virtual reality headset. Using standard commercial EEG measuring equipment, we recorded EEG activity in similar virtual and real scenes for 14 people encountering four different test conditions. We discuss the systematic exploration of the recording problems and the steps taken to verify the data. This data is further analyzed to conclude that differences do exist between real and virtual image processing, with variations affected more by subject and task than by which area of the brain is processing the image. We discuss some possible reasons for these findings.


The growth and expansion of the Internet has enabled many people to communicate and engage in different manners and it is easier than ever now to obtain news and information content via different online sittings. However, concerns grow about the effects of misinformation that has been circulated via different online media sites to influence public views. This research was aimed at exploring online academic news users' behaviour and their attitudes towards news information given by Al-Jazeera.net during the Egyptian transformation (2013-2014) in Egypt. Based on an online survey (450 users) and focusgroup interviews (six respondents) with Egyptian academics, the research discussed whether users were aware of the media interest or agenda and how users became informed about the political conflict and the transformation, their perceptions of news sites and their evaluation of information regarding this period. The research confirmed that every media has its own interest or agenda when delivering news content, which might favour one side over another. Users indicated that misinformation was found in different forms and, although others underlined the importance of freely accessing online content, there was concern about the spread of misinformation the morality and credibility of online news.


We created a hypothetically "optimal" instructional scenario in which a knowledgeable researcher, under the guidance of an experienced classroom teacher, carried out a set of research-based science instruction in a low-SES urban school. The training group's performance was assessed by standardized test items and compared with that of a high-SES no training comparison group. The results demonstrate that instructional methods based on experimental psychological research have great potential for addressing the achievement gap problem. However, the analyses also reveal a significant discrepancy between low-SES students' performance on standardized test items and on alternative assessments with lower reading and writing demands. We discuss our methodological choices in making basic research more relevant to real world issues. We highlight the critical challenges of test validity, research relevancy, and reform feasibility for researchers and policymakers.


The studies performed about electrochemical oxidation 2-amino-4-methylphenol indicate that orthoquinone yielded through oxidation of this chemical compound was unstable and it could be used as Michael acceptor under solvent influences, carrier electrolyte, additives and could be transformed into the various compounds in the form of 1-4 addition Michael reaction. Based on this, in the paper firstly electrochemical oxidation of 2-amino-4-methylphenol in the water has been studied. Then the electrochemical behavior of the compound has been assessed in the presence of nucleophile Penicillin amine under different conditions. The studies indicate that the above compounds could be transformed to new derivatives in the presence of Penicillin amine and phosphate buffer with concentration of 0.2 M and pH=7 during the EC mechanism. Using electrochemical data obtained by performing studies, electrolysis of 2-amino-4-methylphenol has been made in the presence of Penicillin amine, which is served as nucleophile and the product has been yielded with suitable practical efficiency. In all cases in order to optimize the electrolysis conditions and to determine the mechanism, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Controlled Potential Coulometer (CPC) were utilized.


The purpose of this study was to analyze Canadian Citizenship Guides as a proxy for an official policy voice of the Canadian government about what it means to be a Canadian citizen and what is expected from a Canadian citizen. This study analyzed six Canadian Citizenship Guides in the English language developed between 1947 and 2012 and identified how the selection of historical, governmental and social topics, and the use of different words and rhetorical strategies within each contemporary historical context constructed a narrative about what constitutes a Canadian citizen. To construct the narratives of Canadian citizen present in each Canadian Citizenship Guide, the study analysed the narratives about Canada, adaption to Canadian culture, and expected citizenship participation present in each guide. The study also sought continuities and disruptions in the narratives to explore how the narratives changed over time. The study concluded that while the narratives constructed by each guide (good character citizen, responsible citizen, wholesome citizen, politically active citizen, citizenship student, and loyal citizen) had unique elements, at the macro-level it could be said that from 1947 to 2012 there seemed to be more continuities than disruptions in the construction of the narratives of the Canadian citizen, and the narratives about Canada, adaption to Canadian culture, and expected citizenship participation.


It is my great pleasure to welcome all of you to the 13th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence an Informatics. This annual Symposium was launched by Budapest Tech (previously Budapest Polytechnic) and Hungarian Fuzzy Association in 2000 with the aim to bring together Hungarian speaking researchers working on Computational Intelligent and related topics from all over the world but with special emphasis on the Central European Region.


Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is a rare X‐linked urea cycle disorder. Maternal OTCD can lead to life‐threatening hyperammonemia if untreated. We aimed to compare the outcomes of maternal OTCD when diagnosis is known prior to pregnancy to when diagnosis is made during pregnancy. We performed a systematic literature review on maternal OTCD using the databases Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed from 1982 through 2018. Studies were included if addressed maternal OTCD signs, symptoms, and detailed pregnancy outcomes. We calculated the median or the mean for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Of 36 cases of maternal OTCD, 20 (55%) were diagnosed prior to pregnancy while 16 (45%) were not. In the 20 patients diagnosed prior to pregnancy, 7 (35%) had either a neurologic or psychiatric presentation during pregnancy or postpartum. Two hyperammonemic patients (11%) experienced ICU admission, dialysis, and coma with no maternal deaths. All had a favorable outcome. In the 16 patients not known to have maternal OTCD prior to pregnancy, 13 (81%) had neurologic or psychiatric presentation during pregnancy or postpartum. Four presented with hyperemesis gravidarum. Eleven (69%) hyperammonemic patients had ICU admission and coma and 7 (47%) of them had dialysis. There were 5 (31%) maternal deaths. Three patients (19%) had prolonged hospitalization course. Overall, three male neonatal deaths were reported. Three other male children had liver transplant. Maternal OTCD is associated with high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality when diagnosis is made during pregnancy compared to when diagnosis is known prior to pregnancy.


The deposition of aerosol particles in ultrafine fiber media under the action of different mechanisms (sieving, interception, diffusion, inertia, gravitational and van der Waals forces, etc.) is considered taking into account their own sizes. The modeling of fine filtration process has shown high sensitivity of the capture coefficient to the changes in flow rate, viscosity, particle and fiber parameters, as well as to packing density of the fiber system are the reasons for the relative growth of efficiency of high-performance filters based on ultrafine fiber media.


: The guanethidine sympathectomy in 4- and 8-week old white rats increased cardiac sensitivity to acetylcholine. An increase of sensitivity to adrenaline was observed in 8 to 20 weeks of postnatal period. The significance of the changes of extracardiac effects and the cardiac sensitivity to acetylcholine and adrenaline for its chronotropic control in sympathectomized 10-14 week old rats is discussed.


To improve the effect of calcium treatment and the cleanliness of steel and to make use of fine TiOx to refine the microstructure of steel, the effect of aluminum content on inclusion characteristics of aluminum-titanium complex deoxidized and calcium treated steel is investigated based on the experiment with SEM/EDS, Image Pro-Plus 6.0 and FactSage 6.1 softwares and thermodynamic calculation in the present work. The results show that the inclusions in two steels with different aluminum content are obviously spherical composite inclusions with a two-layer complex structure, consisting of an Al2O3–CaO–TiOX core surrounded by MnS. In low aluminum steel, the oxide core of inclusions contains much TiOx and CaO, and their composite structure is mosaic compared with bundle in high aluminum steel, the number of inclusions is 2.5 times more than that in high aluminum steel, the thickness of MnS on oxides surface is also thinner. In addition, melting point of the inclusions in low aluminum steel is lower, the cleanliness of the steel is relatively improved because of the inclusions floating up, and the deformation aspect ratio of calcium aluminate inclusions with a certain amount of Ti2O3 is effectively improved, which is about 1–2 while the composition of oxide core is xAl2O3 = 35–55%, xTi2O3 = 15–35%, and xCaO = 10–25%. As a result, less calcium is needed to modify the alumina inclusions to liquid calcium aluminate in the case of lower aluminum deoxidized steel, thus the calcium treatment effect can be improved. The low aluminum in steel is more effective to control the inclusion characteristics to reduce the harm of MnS and to improve the cleanliness of steel.


The purpose of this study was to find the differences of financial structures of real estate and the factors influencing on it between two groups of subjective financial adequacy and non-adequacy for later years among middle & old aged households. The data were drawn from KREIS(Korean Retirement and Income Study) surveyed by National Pension Research Institute in 2007, and 3,889 couple households with householder`s age over 50 were selected. Major findings were as following. First, only 19.3% of households answered that they had enough money for later years. And they had lower real estate-to-total assets ratio (.84) and lower residential house value-to-total assets ratio (.52) than the counter part. Second, for the group who answered that they had enough money for later years, the factors influencing on total real estate were found to be income, debt, and liquid assets.


Abstract Epilepsy can sometimes be mimicked in children by uncommon conditions. We present a 6-year-old boy with congenital deafness and long QT syndrome (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome) triggered by swimming. He had bradycardia and a history of early seizures and deaths in the family. He had been misdiagnosed and treated as idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy for three years without control.


Lockean liberalism emphasized toleration of religion and other dissenting social practices. Yet in the Marxian critique of liberal freedoms, dissent was seen solely in terms of class struggle: social harmony could be achieved in a classless society, not a pluralist one. According to Barbara Falk, the severance of dissent and toleration has obscured the liberal roots of eastern European dissidence.


The paper presents a multiphysics modelling through finite-element (FE) numerical field analysis for coupling electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in a permanent-magnet tubular linear motor (PMTLM). 2-D axial-symmetry FE steady-state and transient solutions are first obtained for the magnetic flux density distribution, cogging force, thrust and losses of the prototype PMTLM. The FE magnetic field results are then coupled to the 3-D FE thermal simulation in order to get the PMTLM temperature distribution. The paper proves that the multiphysics numerical analysis is a viable tool for the design and performance optimization of PMTLMs.


Physiological ageing is a slow process which brings about natural changes in the functioning of the organism. These changes are to be distinguished from the effects of diseases. Nurses, who care for more and more elderly people due to the ageing of the population, must be able to distinguish between these changes to adjust their practice.


Recent and significant advances in the field of perience the best single medium is the Hajnaenterobacteriaceae and their medical significance Perry modification of the original Wilson and made this symposium a timely one. Dr. Hardy Blair bismuth and sulfite-brilliant green medium, discussed the current importance of enteric inand the best combination of media is selenite fections as medical and public health problems. broth and SS agar. The methodology of serotypHe pointed out that that mortality data undering has been simplified to an extent that any estimate the magnitude of the problem, and yet competent laboratory can type 98 per cent of they are the best index available of variations in human isolates. Phage typing has been used for incidence. Data for the countries of the Americas three purposes: to identify a strain as a salmonella show that mortality rates are comparatively low (0-1 phage); to separate the salmonellae into only in the United States and Canada, being as groups, and to separate salmonella serotypes, low as two deaths per 100,000 population in some such as S. typhosa, into phagetypes as an aid to states and provinces. To the south, in 3 countries epidemiologic investigation. there are between 20 and 50 recorded deaths Paracolobactrum was competently discussed by from diarrheal diseases per 100,000 population, Dr. Stuart. He defined these microorganisms as in 4 between 50 and 100, in 6 between 100 and enteric bacteria fermenting lactose and/or su200, in 1 between 200 and 300, and in 2 over crose slowly with the production of acid or acid 300, exceeding 1,000 in some areas. In 9 of the and gas. An infrequent culture fails to attack one 16 countries diarrheal diseases are the major or the other or both of these carbohydrates. cause of death. Dr. Hardy emphasized the urgent Most Paracolobactrum cultures can be isolated need for additional knowledge on these diseases, on SS agar but an occasional strain requires which continue to be the chief cause of death in eosin methylene blue agar or other comparable most areas of the world. media. P. coliforme and P. aerogenoides can be The problem of salmonellae and salmonellosis easily distinguished from Salmonella in 24 hr, was surveyed by Dr. Shaughnessy. He pointed since the former produces indole and the latter out that there are now approximately 350 seroacetylmethyl carbinol. Paracolobactrum intertypes, which are widely distributed in the animedium can be differentiated from Salmonella mal kingdom. Among the types most commonly only after lactose or sucrose fermentation, which isolated from man in the United States are Salsometimes requires several weeks, or by antimonella typhimurium, S. newport, S. oranienburg, genic analysis. S. montevideo, S. bareilly, S. anatum, and S. Evidence for the pathogenicity of the Parapanama. Isolation methods used vary from labocolobactrum group rests almost entirely on epiratory to laboratory. In Dr. Shaughnessy's exdemiologic findings. Under conditions not yet known, at least four bioserotypes appear to be This symposium was held at the Fifty-sixth pathogenic: the "Arizona" and "Bethesda" General Meeting of the Society of American Bacteriologists at Houston, Texas, on May 1, 1956. groups-P. intermedium; P. aerogides (type S. Marcus was the organizer; participants were: 32011); and the "Providence" groupP. coliA. V. Hardy, Florida State Board of Health, Jackforme (type 29911). Epidemic strains of the last sonville, Florida; H. J. Shaughnessy, Illinois Detwo types have been received by Dr. Stuart from partment of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois; C. A. four continents and had been tentatively classiStuart, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Isfled as new types of Salmonella or Shigella or as land; R. B. Lindberg, Army Medical Service Graduate School, Washington, D. C.; W. E. unkown enteri organism. Nevertheless, these Wheeler, Children's Hospital and Ohio State Unifour pathogenic types of Paracolobactrum are versity, Columbus, Ohio. occasionally encountered in the stools of normal


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Tritiated 1-(2, 4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid ([3H]AF 1890) was localized within rat testis using freeze-drying autoradiographic techniques. Ligated seminiferous tubule preparations were exposed in vitro to 80 microCi of [3H]AF 1890 in the absence or presence of excess unlabeled AF 1890 for 30 min at 31 degrees C. Autoradiographs showed a generalized distribution of silver grains over the seminiferous epithelium, in the tubular lumen, and in the interstitial spaces. In addition, clusters of grains were concentrated over the seminiferous epithelium in regions of spermatid heads and tails and in the basal portion of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, and over Leydig cells in the interstitial space. The generalized distribution was reduced and the grain clusters eliminated by incubation in an excess of unlabeled AF 1890. [3H]inulin was used to assess the effectiveness of the tubular ligation because inulin does not normally penetrate the blood-testis barrier. This extracellular marker was not localized in the tubular lumen or in the seminiferous epithelium. Therefore, the labeling observed with [3H]AF 1890 indicates that this compound crosses the blood-testis barrier.


Satellite-derived irradiance data, as an alternative to ground-based measurements, offer a unique opportunity to verify gridded solar forecasts generated by a numerical weather prediction model. Previously, it has been shown that the mean square errors (MSE) evaluated against ground-based measurements and satellite-derived solar irradiance are comparable, which might warrant the use of satellite-based products for regional forecast verification. In this paper, the 24-h-ahead hourly forecasts issued by the North American Mesoscale forecast system are verified against both ground-based (Surface Radiation Budget Network, or SURFRAD) and satellite-based (National Solar Radiation Data Base, or NSRDB) measurements, at all 7 SURFRAD stations over 2015–2016. Three different MSE decomposition methods are used to characterize—e.g., through association, calibration, refinement, resolution, or likelihood—how well the two types of measurements can gauge the forecasts. However, despite their comparable MSEs, NSRDB is found suboptimal in its ability to verify forecasts as compared to SURFRAD. Nonetheless, if a new forecasting model produces significantly better forecasts than the benchmarking model, satellite-derived data are able to detect such improvements and make conclusions. This article comes with supplementary material (data and code) for reproducibility.Satellite-derived irradiance data, as an alternative to ground-based measurements, offer a unique opportunity to verify gridded solar forecasts generated by a numerical weather prediction model. Previously, it has been shown that the mean square errors (MSE) evaluated against ground-based measurements and satellite-derived solar irradiance are comparable, which might warrant the use of satellite-based products for regional forecast verification. In this paper, the 24-h-ahead hourly forecasts issued by the North American Mesoscale forecast system are verified against both ground-based (Surface Radiation Budget Network, or SURFRAD) and satellite-based (National Solar Radiation Data Base, or NSRDB) measurements, at all 7 SURFRAD stations over 2015–2016. Three different MSE decomposition methods are used to characterize—e.g., through association, calibration, refinement, resolution, or likelihood—how well the two types of measurements can gauge the forecasts. However, despite their comparable MSEs, NSRDB is f...


Background Hybrid closed loop (HCL) insulin pumps adjust insulin delivery based on input from a continuous glucose monitor. Several systems are FDA approved and associated with improved time in range, reduction in hemoglobin A1c, and decreased incidence of hypoglycemia. Major diabetes guidelines differ in their strength of recommendations regarding the use of HCL systems. Overall, limited information about the factors that influence HCL pump clinical decision-making is available, especially among endocrinology clinicians. Objective The study objective is to describe the knowledge and attitudes, network support, and self-efficacy regarding HCL insulin delivery systems among endocrinology clinicians in one Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System in the Midwest. Methods Following a descriptive approach, this qualitative study used semistructured interviews and inductive thematic analysis. All endocrinologists, endocrinology fellows, and nurses in the endocrinology and metabolism department at one VA Healthcare System in the Midwest were invited to participate in one-on-one phone interviews. Thematic analysis explored clinician perspectives on HCL insulin pump systems. Results Participants (n=11) had experience within VA and university health care system endocrinology clinics. From their experiences, 4 themes were identified involving the evaluation and assessment of insulin pump candidates, prescribing challenges, clinical benefits of HCL pumps, and overall clinician confidence. Conclusions Findings suggest that clinicians believe HCL systems have significant glycemic benefits but are not appropriate for all patients, especially those with cognitive impairment. HCL pump initiation is a multi-step process requiring an interdisciplinary team of health care clinicians to ensure patient and pump success. Furthermore, HCL systems improve clinician confidence in overall diabetes management.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effect of Xuebijing injection on inflammatory response in patients after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries, and to evaluate its safety and clinical value.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted. 708 patients received hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from January 2015 to September 2017 were enrolled and divided into Xuebijing treatment group and conventional treatment group according to whether they were treated with Xuebijing injection or not. The inflammatory response indexes included white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil (NE), C-reactive protein (CRP), body temperature, which were compared between the two groups at 1, 3, and 5 days after operation. The incidence of adverse reactions, the length of postoperative hospital stays and hospitalization costs were compared.

RESULTS
A total of 209 patients were prescribed with Xuebijing injection, and 499 patients were allocated into conventional treatment group. The two groups were stratified by liver, biliary and pancreatic surgery types, and further 1:1 propensity score matching was performed. After propensity score match, 189 patients were included in each group, with 101, 46, and 42 patients undergoing liver, biliary, and pancreas surgery, respectively. There were no significant differences in baseline data such as gender, age and inflammatory response indexes before surgery between the two groups. In both groups, the WBC and NE showed a gradual decline after operation, CRP were increased gradually and then decreased after 3 days. Compared with the conventional treatment group, Xuebijing treatment group showed obvious anti-inflammatory effect from 3 days after operation [WBC (×109/L): 10.1±4.0 vs. 11.0±3.5, NE: 0.71±0.10 vs. 0.76±0.12, CRP (mg/L): 73.1±38.7 vs. 82.2±41.8, all P < 0.05]. On the 5th day, it still showed a strong anti-inflammatory trend [WBC (×109/L): 7.0±2.8 vs. 7.9±2.6, NE: 0.62±0.10 vs. 0.68±0.12, CRP (mg/L): 43.4±31.0 vs. 50.9±25.3, all P < 0.05]. The cases of postoperative fever in the Xuebijing treatment group were significantly less than that in the conventional treatment group (cases: 98 vs. 119, χ2 = 4.711, P = 0.029). There was no significant different in the total incidence of adverse drug reactions such as rash, nausea and vomiting (5.0% vs. 3.2%), the length of postoperative hospital stays [days: 9.3 (6.1, 13.5) vs. 9.1 (5.5, 13.3)] and hospitalization costs [wanyuan: 5.8 (3.6, 9.5) vs. 5.7 (3.5, 9.8)] between Xuebijing treatment group and conventional treatment group (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Xuebijing injection has a good anti-inflammatory effect on patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries. Xuebijing injection has good safety and can be applied to the prevention and treatment of excessive inflammatory reaction after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries.


Yen Bao Pham: Characterization of a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase Urzyme and its intramolecular complementation establishes a model to study the catalytic mechanism and evolution of the contemporary Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (Under the direction of Charles W. Carter, Jr.) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AaRSs) comprise a crucial group of enzymes catalyzing a two-step reaction to activate amino acids and acylate their cognate tRNAs. It is widely known that highly conserved sequences and motifs divide the synthetases evenly into two distinct classes of ten members each. However, the questions of how they might have emerged and evolved and what a reasonable candidate for the ancestral enzyme would be like still remain unsolved. Answering these would not only shed light on the aaRSs evolution but could also help unravel the critical point when the extremely high kinetic barrier of amino acid activation was bypassed, allowing the synthesis of primitive peptide chains. The research object of the studies is a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) Urzyme (Ur-: prefix means primitive, original) which would fit the description of a potential candidate for the ancestral class I aaRS. The TrpRS Urzyme is designed to retain class I signature sequences that comprise the ATP-binding Rossmann fold. Interestingly, it has similar affinity for ATP compared to the full length wild type enzyme but surprisingly low affinity for the cognate amino acid substrate, tryptophan. This might be explained by absence of the connecting peptide 1 (CP1), an insertion that wraps around the tryptophan binding site in the contemporary enzyme and occurs at the same location as the editing domain in four other class I aaRSs (MetRS, LeuRS, IleRS, ValRS). An in cis modular complementation experiment might point out a iv potential role for CP1 in configuring a confirmation that has high affinity for tryptophan, functionally similar to a primitive proofreading function. Furthermore, an Urzyme containing the C-terminal domain (CTD) in cis has been constructed to further explore CTD's role in tryptophan activation and tRNA Trp acylation. The active TrpRS Urzyme establishment confirms an essential prediction of, and is therefore, the first experiment to provide evidential support for the unique Rodin-Ohno hypothesis about the earlier existence of a sense-antisense coding system for both aaRS classes. The successful design of the TrpRS Urzyme has also provided a precedent that has led to the construction of class I and class II aaRS Urzymes of comparable lengths. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To accomplish the required work for the doctoral …


The authors of this book are the experts - street prostitutes, exotic dancers, nude models, escorts, porn actresses and workers in massage parlours - and they testify to the realities of sex work. They describe feeling totally in control, totally victimized and everything in between; their words are at times pained and poetic, at others, gritty and raw. These first-person accounts are accompanied by analytical articles, and documents about collective organizing by sex workers. It is a mix of personal statements, short stories, political essays, poetry and historical research, as well as the polemic "The Continuing Saga of Scarlot Harlot". It highlights the laws which legalize entrapment and a double standard that views the serial murders of prostitutes as non-crimes, not worthy of investigation. Frederique Delacoste is the co-publisher of Cleis Press and co-edited "Fight Back! Feminist Resistance to Male Violence". Priscilla Alexander is co-director of COYOTE and executive director of the National Task Force on Prostitution.


Modern markets are increasingly international, online and unrestricted by geographic borders and territoriality. Competition regulation remains decidedly domestic in nature, restrained by principles of jurisdiction and state sovereignty in a way that multinational business is not. With the rise of online markets and transnational trade, legislators and regulators are increasingly expected to grapple with abuses of dominance which span multiple jurisdictions. However, traditional approaches to state sovereignty and prescriptive jurisdiction present fundamental challenges to the effective implementation of competition policy in these modern markets. In particular, abuses of dominance by international or online firms have the potential to profoundly impact national economies. Yet unlike other competition ills, such as cartels, abuse of dominance is not the subject of widespread international regulatory cooperation or legislative uniformity. Against this background, substantive convergence emerges as a potential solution to jurisdictional clash but, as this article explores, it faces legal, sociopolitical, and practical obstacles that make its success not only unlikely, but not necessarily desirable. While recognising the unique political context of the EU legal system, in particular the role of market integration and its place at the core of policy decisions, this article explores what practical guidance may be found in the EU competition law framework. It explores EU horizontal, administrative measures which could be repurposed in order to bring further predictability and clarity to international jurisdictional issues. It concludes by proposing that EU approaches to case allocation, horizontal best practice standards and peer review may be meaningfully adapted by the international competition law community, in order to alleviate jurisdictional issues in competition regulation.
jurisdiction, antitrust, EU, regulation, international, competition, convergence, cooperation, multinational markets, EU, abuse of dominance


PREMISE OF THE STUDY
The complex geological and climatic history of the Neotropics has had major implications on the diversification of plant lineages. Chrysobalanaceae is a pantropical family of trees and shrubs with 75% of its 531 species found in the Neotropics, and a time-calibrated phylogeny of this family should shed light on the tempo of diversification in the Neotropical flora. Previously published phylogenetic hypotheses of this family were poorly supported, and its biogeography remains unclear.

METHODS
We assembled the complete plastid genome of 51 Chrysobalanaceae species, and increased taxon sampling by Sanger-sequencing of five plastid regions for an additional 88 species. We generated a time-calibrated tree including all 139 Chrsyobalanaceae species and 23 outgroups. We then conducted an ancestral area reconstruction analysis and estimated diversification rates in the family.

KEY RESULTS
The tree generated with the plastid genome alignment was almost fully resolved. It supports the polyphyly of Licania and Hirtella. The family has diversified starting around the Eocene-Oligocene transition. An ancestral area reconstruction confirms a Paleotropical origin for Chrysobalanaceae with several transoceanic dispersal events. The main Neotropical clade likely resulted from a single migration event from Africa around 28 mya ago, which subsequently underwent rapid diversification.

CONCLUSIONS
Given the diverse ecologies exhibited by extant species, we hypothesize that the rapid diversification of Chrysobalanaceae following the colonization of the Neotropics was triggered by habitat specialization during the complex geological and paleoclimatic history of the Neotropics.


A number of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Th(IV) and UO2(II) complexes with 2acetylpyridine-4-methylbenzoyl hydrazone (APMBH), obtained by the condensation of 2acetylpyridine with 4-methylbenzoyl hydrazine are reported. The reaction of metal chlorides with APMBH lead to isolation of complexes having the general formulas [M(APMBH)(H2O)nCl2] (n=1, M=Co(II), Ni(II); n=0 , M=Zn(II), UO2(II)), [Ni(APMBH-H)Cl(DMSO)]2, [Cu(APMBH-H)Cl]2 and [Th(APMBH)2Cl2]Cl2. The reaction of metal acetate with APMBH in 1:2 molar ratio yields the deprotonated bis-complexes [M(APMBH-H)2] ( M= Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and UO2(II)). The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, UV-Vis) magnetic and molar conductance measurements, which revealed that APMBH act as neutral tridentate NNOdonor ligand in the metal chloride complexes (1, 2, 5-7) and as a monobasic tridentate ligand in the dimeric complexes (3, 4). The ligand also acts as a monobasic NNO-tridentate in the deprotonated bis-complexes (8-12). Octahedral structure is suggested for Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (1-3, 8-11), dimeric square pyramidal structure for Cu(II) complex (4) and trigonal bipyramidal structure for Zn(II) complex (5). Uranyl complexes 7 and 12 are expected to have pentagonal bipyramidal and hexagonal bipyramidal structures respectively. Eight coordinate structure is proposed for Th(IV) complexe (6). The antibacterial activity of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (5 and 10) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria has been tested and show moderate and high activity respectively.


The paper proposes an analysis of possible answers to non-trivial questions about the nature of the world that arises from the observation of the behavior of cellular automata. The article describes the most famous cellular automaton, the game of life. This automaton was used as an example because scientists and philosophers associate it with questions about the nature of the world. Therefore, this paper describes the possible consequences arising from the recognition that the mechanisms that underlie cellular automata are also at the heart of the natural world. These include: (a) the possibility of reducing complex phenomena to simple ones and (b) the predictability of the behavior of certain phenomena in general. These considerations enrich our knowledge of the basic character of nature and positively respond to the question posed in the title.


Bacterial proteins targeting the appropriate subcellular sites are the base for their proper function. Several studies have shown that the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), a conical lipid preferring negative membrane curvature, modulates the lipid bilayers' structure, which impacts the activity of their resident proteins. Due to the favor of negative membrane curvature, CL is not randomly distributed in the bacterial plasma membrane. In contrast, it gathers in particular parts of the cell membrane to form microdomains, in which many functional membrane proteins are accumulated and carry out diverse physiological processes of bacteria, such as cell division, metabolism, infection, and antibiotic residence. In addition, CL has a unique structure that carries two negative charges, which makes it play a pivotal role in protein assembly, interaction, and location. These characteristics of CL make it closely related to many crucial physiological functions of bacteria. Here, we have reviewed the mechanism of protein dynamics mediated by CL initiated on the bacterial membrane. Furthermore, we studied the effect of CL on bacterial infection and antibiotic residence. Finally, the CL-targeting therapeutic agents for antibacterial therapy are also examined.


Earlier scholars concluded correctly that the Peshitta of Daniel was translated from a Semitic prototext, but their arguments were less than compelling. Basing the argument on vocabulary, to wit the consistent rendering of Hebrew as and Aramaic as, the use of Persian loanwords, and the preservation of a rare Semitic adverb, provides a more convincing case than offered in the past. Though not necessary to prove the point, the author suggests that what could be interpreted as a peal passive participle may in fact be an internal peal passive suffix conjugation form. This suggestion is presented for scholarly consideration and should not be considered fundamental to the major thesis.


A Superconducting Linac is being installed as a booster for the 15 UD Pelletron accelerator at Nuclear Science Centre (NSC). The accelerating structure for this linac is a Nb QWR cavity, designed and fabricated as a joint collaboration between NSC and ANL, USA. Initial cavities required for the first linac module were fabricated at ANL. For fabrication of cavities required for future modules a Superconducting Resonator Fabrication Facility has been set up at NSC. Three quarter wave resonator (QWR) cavities have been fabricated using the in-house facility. This facility has been used for repairs on the resonators which sprung leaks. Fabrication of fifteen resonators for the second and third linac modules is under progress. Eight resonators along with a superconducting solenoid has been installed in the first linac cryostat and tested for energy gain with a pulsed beam of 90 MeV Si from the Pelletron. Acceleration of the ions to 96 MeV was measured downstream and beam transmission through the linac was measured to be ∼ 100%.


Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL

Background: Epigenetic inactivation of tumour suppressor genes plays a crucial role in the progression of malignant mesothelioma (MM). Previous research has shown epigenetic gene silencing, through DNA methylation or through control of mRNA expression by microRNAs, to be important in MM. Our previous work indicated that Zic1 silencing in MM lines is only partially explained through DNA hypermethylation. Interestingly, miRNA microarray analysis revealed that hsa-miR-23a is over-expressed in MM cell lines, and that this miRNA has target sites in the 3′UTR of the Zic1 mRNA. The aim of the current study was to investigate the functional significance of Zic1 silencing and hsa-miR-23a over-expression in MM. Methods: We first confirmed DNA hypermethylation of Zic1 in human MM specimens using MSP, MS-HRM and COBRA. The expression level of hsa-miR-23a was also confirmed in MM using qPCR. To investigate the functional significance of Zic1 silencing, Zic1 was re-expressed in MM cell lines and effects on proliferation, migration and growth in soft agar were assessed. The relationship between hsa-miR-23a and Zic1 expression was investigated by the use of an antagonist of hsa-miR-23a. Results: Our results indicated that Zic1 is hypermethylated and ectopic expression of Zic1 inhibited cell migration and cell proliferation in MM cell lines. Hsa-miR-23a overexpression in MM is closely linked to the expression of Zic1. Our results suggest that Zic1 is a functional tumour suppressor gene that is silenced by a combination of hypermethylation and hsa-miR-23a-mediated inhibition in MM. These findings suggest that hsa-miR-23a is a potential therapeutic target for MM deserving further pre-clinical study.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-352. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-352


Contributing to the growing literature on the conceptualization of mathematics teacher knowledge and mathematics teacher education, we put forward a model of how mathematics teaching can be, the activities that ought to be involved in it and their relationship with teacher knowledge. On the basis of this model we show that it is possible to support the design and development of pre-service teacher education programs on conceptual arguments that highlight a connection between mathematics education theory and teachersO practice. Those programs should be designed from a social perspective emphasizing local curriculum design.


The paper presents selected results of thermogravimetric (TG) analyses for softwood (pine) and hardwood (beech). The composition of the studied fuels has been defined and described. Both wood types used in the TG tests were studied in order to define their content of basic components such as lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Types of wood used in the TGA have been combusted on the experimental stand which is equipped with a set of temperature sensors and an exhaust analyser. A comparison of the TG analysis and the combustion in the heating unit has been performed to find relations between the kinetics of devolatilisation for different wood species and to determine the exhaust composition. Numerical modelling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been performed for the process of carbon monoxide oxidation to supplement the tests results. The results of the comparisons of the performed analyses can be useful in all areas related to the process of optimisation and improvement of combustion, pyrolysis and devolatilisation process conditions in small scale heating units.


This paper investigates dynamic characteristics of a historic wooden structure by ambient vibration testing, presenting a novel estimation methodology of story stiffness for the purpose of vibration-based structural health monitoring. As for the ambient vibration testing, measured structural responses are analyzed by two output-only system identification methods (i.e., frequency domain decomposition and stochastic subspace identification) to estimate modal parameters. The proposed methodology of story stiffness is estimation based on an eigenvalue problem derived from a vibratory rigid body model. Using the identified natural frequencies, the eigenvalue problem is efficiently solved and uniquely yields story stiffness. It is noteworthy that application of the proposed methodology is not necessarily confined to the wooden structure exampled in the paper.


The diet of Cattle Egret chicks in the lower Soummam valley, Algeria, was investigated in 1998 and 2006, when 145 and 23 regurgitates were collected, respectively. In 1998, 1 698 individual prey items were identified. Insects formed the bulk of the diet of chicks: 94% in terms of frequency, 71% in terms of mass. Orthopterans were dominant, especially in terms of biomass (22% by frequency, 58% by mass), whilst Dipterans were well represented in numbers (59% by frequency). Vertebrates, despite their lesser frequency (3%), contributed 23% by mass of the diet. In 2006, 441 prey items were identified. The contribution of insects decreased to 79% by frequency and 15% by mass (mostly Orthopterans) but vertebrates made up a higher frequency: 20% of prey items and 85% by mass of the diet. The availability of prey items was not correlated to their occurrence in the diet, suggesting that the Cattle Egret is a selective predator, with adults selecting prey species for their chicks. A drought in the spring of 2006 increased the availability of fish and lizards to the Cattle Egrets.


Discrete event systems (DESs) represent an important chapter of artificial intelligence and have applications in several domains ranging from technical sciences to social sciences, environmental surveillance, and health care. The ideas and approaches described in the book are the result of the author' practice in production (over 15 years), in scientific research and university education (over 11 years), and they deal with general aspects of discrete event modelling of medical diagnosis, as well as some peculiarities from non-typical application in medicine. Discrete Event Systems Applied in Medicine will provide you with valuable insights into modelling and evaluation of models, methods and applications necessary for an effective implementation of DESs formalisms in medicine. People with diverse background like research, academia, etc., can take advantage of this book and can shape a new way of analyzing discrete event systems and their applications in medicine.


Background: Pregnancy related complications are among the greatest killers of women of reproductive age in developing countries. Many pregnant women may face the risk of sudden, unpredictable complications that could end in death or injury to herself or to her infant. Hence, it is necessary to employ strategies to overcome such problems as they arise. and in Ethiopia 676 per 100,000 women die from maternal causes. Objectives: To assess the level of awareness on danger signs of pregnancy and associated factors among antenatal care attendant women in Debark Town, North Gondar, Ethiopia 2012. Methods: Institutional based crosssectional study was conducted and a total of 385 pregnant mothers were included in the study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Bivarient and Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with awareness of danger signs of pregnancy. Results: From all respondents 204 (53%) of them have poor awareness during pregnancy whereas, 209 (54.3%) of pregnant women have poor awareness during labor. The percentage of women who knew at least three or more danger signs during pregnancy and during delivery was 47% and 45.7% respectively. According to a multivariate logistic regression analysis women's having high school and above educational level are 3.46 (AOR= 3.46 and 95%CI: 1.77-6.77) times more likely to be aware on danger signs of pregnancy than those who don't read and write. And also women having high school and above are 5.78 times more likely to be aware on danger signs of pregnancy during labor than those women who don't not read and write (AOR=5.78 and 95%CI: 2.78-12.03) Conclusions: From the result it can be concluded that mother's awareness on danger signs of pregnancy was poor and affected by educational status and the occupation. Therefore, it needs to increase the women's awareness through maternal and child health services by designing an appropriate strategies including provision of targeted information, education and communication.


Author(s): Kowalski, Victor J.; Long, Rachel; Sullins, Jim; Garcia, Sergio; Salmon, Terrell P. | Abstract: California ground squirrels continue to present a significant problem for many facets of California agriculture. The use of diphacinone- and chlorophacinone-treated baits remains the most frequent control method for ground squirrels in agricultural settings. Research suggests no difference in efficacy between the two bait types or between broadcast and spot baiting strategies or bait stations. However, these studies were limited in scope and were conducted exclusively on rangeland sites where there is limited availability of alternate food sources. Studies also suggest that a reduced baiting strategy may be as effective as current label recommendations, but this has received only limited attention in field research. We utilized a new approach in conducting field evaluations of anticoagulant baiting efficacy in different agricultural settings and locations throughout the state. We solicited agricultural producers as cooperators to participate in a field-based evaluation to determine if the reduced baiting strategies are effective under specific agricultural operating conditions. Cooperators were trained in a simple research design and monitored to ensure consistent data collection. The training program included a comprehensive manual on squirrel biology, behavior, and control, as well as information on toxicants and legal measures regarding endangered species. An informal survey was sent to cooperators at the end of the project to evaluate their opinions on the efficacy of control methods. We found no difference in efficacy between baiting methods or strategies. Differences in efficacy were found between chlorophacinone and diphacinone and efficacy was lower in nut orchards than in other settings. Despite no difference in efficacy between baiting methods, more cooperators indicated they would use bait stations than other methods in future ground squirrel control operations.


We consider the problem of training private recommendation models with access to public item features. Training with Differential Privacy (DP) offers strong privacy guarantees, at the expense of loss in recommendation quality. We show that incorporating public item features during training can help mitigate this loss in quality. We propose a general approach based on collective matrix factorization (CMF), that works by simultaneously factorizing two matrices: the user feedback matrix (representing sensitive data) and an item feature matrix that encodes publicly available (non-sensitive) item information. The method is conceptually simple, easy to tune, and highly scalable. It can be applied to different types of public item data, including: (1) categorical item features; (2) item-item similarities learned from public sources; and (3) publicly available user feedback. Furthermore, these data modalities can be collectively utilized to fully leverage public data. Evaluating our method on a standard DP recommendation benchmark, we find that using public item features significantly narrows the quality gap between private models and their non-private counterparts. As privacy constraints become more stringent, models rely more heavily on public side features for recommendation. This results in a smooth transition from collaborative filtering to item-based contextual recommendations.


We demonstrate the real-time imaging of laser-induced disruption of the cellular membrane in a living HeLa cell and its cellular response with a multifocus coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope. A near-infrared pulsed laser beam tightly focused on the cellular membrane of a living cell induces ablation at the focal point causing a local disruption of the cellular membrane. After the membrane disruption a dark spot decreasing CARS intensity of 2840 cm(-1) Raman shift at the disrupted site appears. This dark spot immediately disappears and a strong CARS signal is observed around the disrupted site. This increase of the CARS signal might be caused by resealing of the disrupted site via aggregation of the patch lipid vesicles in the cytoplasm. The accumulation of lipids around the disrupted site is also confirmed with three-dimensional CARS images of a cell before and after membrane disruption. The temporal behavior of the CARS signal at the disrupted site is observed to detect the fusion dynamics of patch vesicles.


Because a conventional isolation system with constant isolation frequency is usually a long‐period dynamic system, its seismic response is likely to be amplified in earthquakes with strong long‐period wave components, such as near‐fault ground motions. Seismic isolators with variable mechanical properties may provide a promising solution to alleviate this problem. To this end, in this work sliding isolators with variable curvature (SIVC) were studied experimentally. An SIVC isolator is similar to a friction pendulum system (FPS) isolator, except that its sliding surface has variable curvature rather being spherical. As a result, the SIVC's isolation stiffness that is proportional to the curvature becomes a function of the isolator displacement. By appropriately designing the geometry of the sliding surface, the SIVC is able to possess favorable hysteretic behavior. In order to prove the applicability of the SIVC concept, several prototype SIVC isolators, whose sliding surfaces are defined by a sixth‐order polynomial function, were fabricated and tested in this study. A cyclic element test on the prototype SIVC isolators and a shaking table test on an SIVC isolated steel frame were all conducted. The results of both tests have verified that the prototype SIVC isolators do indeed have the hysteretic property of variable stiffness as prescribed by the derived formulas in this study. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the proposed SIVC is able to effectively reduce the isolator drift in a near‐fault earthquake with strong long‐period components, as compared with that of an FPS system with the same friction coefficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Perovskite films prepared by CH3NH2 molecules at ambient conditions have led to rapid fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but lack of mechanistic studies and inconsistencies with operability in their production. Here, the structure of CH3NH2-CH3NH3PbI3 crystals was analyzed to be involved with hydrogen bonds (CH3NH2CH3NH3+) and guide the facile, reproducible preparation of high-quality perovskite films at ambient conditions. Hydrogen bonds within CH3NH2CH3NH3+ dimers were found in the CH3NH2-CH3NH3PbI3 intermediates, accompanied by 1D-PbI3- chains (δ-phase). The weakly hydrogen-bonded CH3NH2 molecules were easily released from the CH3NH2-CH3NH3PbI3 intermediates, contributing to rapid, spontaneous phase transition from 1D-PbI3- (δ-phase) to 3D-PbI3- (α-phase). Further introducing CH3NH3Cl into the CH3NH2-CH3NH3PbI3 intermediates led to interruption of 1D-PbI3- into 0D-Pb2I9-xClx5- (0˂x˂6), adjusting the phase transition route towards 3D-PbI3-. Based on above understanding, CH3NH2 solution in ethanol and CH3NH3Cl were used for precursors and a champion efficiency of 20.3% in PSCs was achieved. Large-scale modules (12-cm2 aperture area) fabricated by a dip-coating technology exhibited an efficiency up to 16.0% and outstanding stability over 10,000 s under continu-ous output. The developed preparation method of perovskite precursors and insightful research of methylamine-dimer-induced phase transition mechanism are ready for the high-quality perovskite films with robust operability, showing great potential for large-scale com-mercialization.


Frictional behavior and topographical changes of material surfaces with applications in the microelectronics industry were experimentally observed. This work was performed to unveil trends in tribological characteristics of porous polyurethane material separately against copper and silicon dioxide materials typically found in integrated circuit (IC) polishing manufacturing processes. A linear reciprocating tribometer was utilized to translate the loaded contact of the polymer and contacting materials in the presence of a colloidal silica slurry. Contact forces were monitored throughout the experiments while surface topography of contacting surfaces was quantified using profilometry. Trials of polishing experiments were performed through a range of normal pressures and velocities to identify trends of interest, which are important in polishing. Coefficients of friction (COFs) between the polymer and contacting materials showed a decreasing trend with increasing polishing time and distance traveled. The copper and polymer material contacts were found to have a lower COF than that for the silicon dioxide and polymer contacts. Surface roughness of the polymer showed a general decreasing trend with increasing polishing time. This trend indicates a potential correlation between polymer surface roughness and the COF between the polymer and contacting materials. Evolution of the surface roughness of the materials differed depending on the direction along which topography was measured. An uncertainty analysis of the quantified parameters was conducted to provide knowledge in the confidence of the experimental results. Tribological behavior of the porous polyurethane and copper and silicon dioxide contacts is gathered from this experimental work for more complete characterization of the material.


This study assesses polar stratospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and methane (CH(4)) data from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) retrieved by the Version 1.4 retrieval algorithm. The data were measured between January and October 2003. Vertical profiles of ILAS-II volume mixing ratio (VMR) data are compared with data from two balloon-borne instruments, the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-B) and the MkIV instrument, as well as with two satellite sensors, the Odin Sub-Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) for N(2)O and the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for CH(4). Relative percentage differences between the ILAS-II and balloon/satellite data and their median values are calculated in 10-ppbv-wide bins for N(2)O (from 0 to 400 ppbv) and in 0.05-ppmv-wide bins for CH(4) (from 0 to 2 ppmv) in order to assess systematic differences between the ILAS-II and balloon/satellite data. According to this study, the characteristics of the ILAS-II Version 1.4 N(2)O and CH(4) data differ between hemispheres. For ILAS-II N(2)O VMR larger than 250 ppbv, the ILAS-II N(2)O agrees with the balloon/SMR N(2)O within +/- 20% in both hemispheres. The ILAS-II N(2)O in the VMR range from 30-50 to 250 ppbv (corresponding to altitudes of similar to 17-30 km in the Northern Hemisphere (NH, mainly outside the polar vortex) and similar to 13-21 km in the Southern Hemisphere (SH, mainly inside the polar vortex) is smaller by similar to 10-30% than the balloon/SMR N(2)O. For ILAS-II N(2)O VMR smaller than 30 ppbv (>similar to 21 km) in the SH, the differences between the ILAS-II and SMR N(2)O are within +/- 10 ppbv. For ILAS-II CH(4) VMR larger than 1 ppmv ( similar to 30 km) and the ILAS-II CH(4) for its VMR smaller than 1 ppmv (>similar to 25 km) only in the NH, are abnormally small compared to the balloon/satellite data.


We prepared a ZnO/mesoporous Al2O3-shell/core structure by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO on commercially-available mesoporous Al2O3. We used various analysis techniques such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy, and surface area and pore size analyses based on nitrogen isotherm data. A 200 nm-thick slab of mesoporous Al2O3 particles was decorated by ZnO upon ALD deposition, whereas the inner part of the Al2O3 particle was free of ZnO. We evaluated the catalytic activity of the bare and the ZnO-covered Al2O3 for plasma-assisted nonoxidative coupling of methane. The catalytic behavior was shown to be sensitive to the amount of ZnO deposited. Particularly, 40-cycled ZnO/Al2O3 showed an enhanced selectivity to the olefin product with almost the same CH4 conversion as that of bare Al2O3. Preparation of the shell/core structure by using ALD can be an interesting strategy for finding highly-efficient catalysts in a plasma-assisted catalytic reaction.


Introduction. The focus on transferring design information to experts, builders, building maintenance personnel, rather than on design in itself differs information modeling from computer-aided design (CAD) systems. The number of research papers focused on transformation of architectural and civil engineering constituents of projects into a sequence of construction and installation works is insufficient. This transformation requires methods of immediate correlation between elements and items of construction works, as well as the matching of on-site work performance schedules. The article addresses development of such a work performance sequence that will facilitate automated planning and scheduling of construction works using information modeling.
Materials and methods. A classification of construction and installation works, resources and elements must encompass principal construction-related notions. However foreign classifiers, used in building information modelling (BIM), frequently fail to comprise notions, technologies and techniques widely spread in the Russian construction industry. For example, such OmniClass sections as "Products" and "Work Results" have about 7 thousand entries each, while the Russian classifier of construction resources has in excess of 120 entries, and the number of versatile regulatory standards that apply to types of works is close to 180 thousand. Having analyzed the legal framework, the author identifies domestic technical rules and regulations that contain information on design and survey, construction and assembly, commissioning, renovation, maintenance and operation of buildings, structures and process equipment.
Results. The author synthesized information on technical rules and regulations and developed an overall sequence of versatile processes that comprise the life cycle of a building (a structure). The author proved that actual labour costs slightly differ from itemized standard labour inputs.
Conclusions. The list of work items, broken down by priorities by the author, enables automated work scheduling based on the list of elements and building constructions. In some cases, a designer can modify the sequence by rescheduling particular work items or adding a work cluster. Further, a dictionary must be compiled to enable identification of particular construction processes on the basis of a set of parameters of a structural element.


The proliferation of mobile phones in developing countries such as South Africa has been revolutionary. This might have sufficed to address the issues of digital divide but not the digital difference. The latter means that not all these mobile phones have equal technological capabilities and this in turn has impact on the nature of the functionality that the mobile phone affords to its user. The basic capability of a mobile phone is the ability to process and display textual information. This capability is used in basic service such as Short Message Service (SMS) as well as Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD). There is a need for a service access and delivery pattern that can facilitate the delivery of services using common-lowest denominator in terms of technological capabilities of mobile phones. This paper describes the conceptualization and reference implementation of a menu-based service access and delivery pattern. The reference implementation has demonstrated that through the menu-based pattern, the same content traditionally accessible only to Smartphones can be made available to low-end mobile phones as well.


Dopamine regulates normal functions such as movement, reinforcement learning, and cognition, and its dysfunction has been implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders. Dopamine acts through the D1- (D1R and D5R) and D2-class (D2R, D3R and D4R) of seven transmembrane receptors, and activates both G-protein- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways, to mediate its physiological effects. Current dopamine receptor-based therapies are used to ameliorate motor deficits in Parkinson's disease, or as antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. These drugs show efficacy for ameliorating only some symptoms caused by dopamine dysfunction and are plagued by debilitating side-effects. Studies in primates and rodents have shown that shifting the balance of dopamine receptor signaling towards the arrestin pathway can be beneficial for inducing normal movement, while reducing motor side-effects such as dyskinesias, and can be efficacious at enhancing cognitive function compared to balanced agonists. Several structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies have embarked on discovering β-arrestin-biased dopamine agonists, focused on D2 partial agonists, non-catechol D1 agonists, and mixed D1/D2R dopamine receptor agonists. Here, we describe an SAR study to identify novel D1R β-arrestin biased ligands using A-86929, a high-affinity D1R catechol agonist, as a core scaffold. Previously described and novel analogs of A-86929 were synthesized and screened in vitro for structure-functional-selectivity relationships (SFSR) studies to identify chemical motifs responsible for β-arrestin biased activity at both D1 and D2Rs. Most of the A-86929 analogs screened were G protein biased but none of them were exclusively arrestin-biased. Additionally, various catechol aryl fragments were designed and synthesized. Other compounds surveyed included hydroxyl and chloro analogs of dopamine to test for hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. Some of these small molecular probes displayed weak bias towards the β-arrestin pathway. Continued in-depth SFSR studies informed by structure determination, molecular modeling, and mutagenesis studies will facilitate discovery of potent and efficacious arrestin-biased dopamine receptor ligands.


Most people with resistance to thyroid hormone have mutant thyroid hormone receptors that interfere with the function of the normal receptor and produce a dominant mode of inheritance. Conversely, thyroid hormone receptor β gene deletion is inherited as a recessive trait. In about 10% of cases, resistance to thyroid hormone manifests in the absence of thyroid hormone receptor gene abnormalities. The clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities found in these individuals are not significantly different than those found in patients with thyroid hormone receptor β defects. We propose that the defect must be elsewhere in the pathway of thyroid hormone action.


Bipartite entanglement for states of a non-interacting bosonic or fermionic field in the spacetime of a spherically symmetric black hole of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, is investigated. Although the initial state is chosen to be maximally entangled as the Bell states, the Hawking-Unruh effect causes the state to be mixed and the entanglement degrades, but with different asymptotic behaviors for the fermionic and bosonic fields. The Gauss-Bonnet term with positive $\alpha$ can play an anti-gravitation role and so this causes to decrease the Hawking-Unruh effect and consequently reduces the entanglement degradation. On the other hand, the suggested higher dimensions for the spacetime, lead to more entanglement degradation by increasing the dimension. There is a dramatic difference between the behaviors of the entanglement in terms of the radius of the horizon for a five-dimensional black hole and that for higher dimensional black holes.


OF THE THESIS Methane Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Wastewater Sludge and Scenedesmus sp. by Don Dinh Nguyen Master of Science in Civil Engineering with a Concentration in Environmental Engineering San Diego State University, 2014 The combination of rising energy consumption in the U.S. and sustained growth of developing countries has made clear the importance of developing an energy source that is renewable and minimizes greenhouse gas emissions. The use of algae as an energy source can satisfy both of these criteria, but the current focus on developing it as a biofuel requires a significant amount of energy input, making it not yet economically feasible. This research combines a promising energy source with a decades-old wastewater treatment technology to generate biogas by combining the anaerobic digestion of algae and wastewater sludge. Bench-scale anaerobic digesters were setup with various proportions of the microalgae Scenedesmus quadricuada and thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) and their biogas production was evaluated. In addition, the effects of operational parameters, such as temperature and alkalinity, on biogas production and residual characteristics were investigated. Biogas production for the various algae and TWAS combinations ranged from 0.46 to 0.72 mL per mg of volatile solids (VS) digested, while VS and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reduced on average, 47 and 50%, respectively, at 35°C. Total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) concentrations saw at least a one log reduction after digestion, allowing the digestant to meet the USEPA requirements for classification as a Class B biosolid and its use in certain land applications. The digestant had nitrogen and phosphorous levels in the range of 5 to 19% as N and 5 to 15% as P, respectively, putting it in the range of commercial fertilizer levels. It was also determined that decreasing digestion temperatures from 35 o C produced significantly less biogas, while adjusting the amount of initial alkalinity in digesters did not have a significant effect on biogas production. From these results, anaerobically digesting algae along with wastewater sludge can be utilized as a feasible method to harness the energy potential of algae. Although some of this potential remains locked up in the undigested portion, its synergy with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) cannot be overstated. Growing algae using existing waste streams at WWTPs such as CO2 and effluent wastewater highlights this technology's ability to transform waste into a valuable commodity without enormous new infrastructure investment.


Design schools have an important role in promoting innovation and sustainability in society. Didactic and research activities can be oriented to approach societal problems and develop solutions for specific contexts. 'Living laboratories' (living labs) offer significant opportunities to investigate everyday practice and collaboratively explore possibilities, by opening a space of encounter between researchers and users. This paper presents the initiative Laboratory of Design, Co-creation, and Sustainability , aimed at investigating design strategies to promote the culture of sustainability among youth. It included young design students from both university and technical secondary education. Methods involved participatory design-based analysis, context-mapping, and strategy generation. The results emphasize: a. the need to develop competencies in sustainability within design education, promoting critical thinking and ability to implement innovative solutions; b. the potential of co-creation to generate 'contexts for change'; c. the need for more open and flexible educational approaches, allowing common sharing, engagement, self-reflection, and flexible assessment.


PURPOSE
The reliability of immunohistochemistry for subdividing diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB prognostic subgroups is debated. In this study we evaluated the prognostic significance of such subgrouping on a series of 153 DLBCL patients. Furthermore, we investigated whether both subgroups could comprise clinicopathologic entities recognized by their morphology and characterized by a distinct phenotype, specific genetic abnormalities, and clinical characteristics.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
All samples from patients were reviewed and morphologically subdivided into large cleaved, immunoblastic, and not otherwise specified DLBCL. GCB and non-GCB immunohistochemical profiles were established. The presence of chromosomal translocations involving BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and/or rearrangements of these genes was investigated.

RESULTS
Subdividing DLBCL with either a GCB or non-GCB immunophenotypic profile was not of prognostic significance. Nevertheless, CD10 expression was a predictor of favorable outcome, whereas high bcl-2 expression and BCL6 rearrangement were adverse predictors of disease-free survival. Interestingly, large cleaved DLBCL was clearly associated with a GCB immunophenotypic profile, CD10 expression, BCL2 rearrangement, age younger than 60 years, and low to low/intermediate International Prognostic Index risk, but was not of prognostic significance. In contrast, immunoblastic morphology was associated with a non-GCB profile and was a significant predictor of unfavorable DFS.

CONCLUSION
Subdividing DLBCL into subgroups based on their immunohistochemical profile was not of prognostic significance. Nevertheless, it allowed the additional characterization of two lymphoma subgroups previously recognized in the Working Formulation. Both correspond to two distinct clinicopathologic entities within the DLBCL.


The relationship between in vivo aneuploidy and cell-cycle perturbation induced by potential aneugens was investigated in mouse bone marrow cells. This work was performed within the framework of a research programme coordinated by the European Community to study the ability of 10 selected chemicals to induce aneuploidy in different systems. In this context, the effects of colchicine (COL) and hydroquinone (HQ) on cell-cycle progression, aneuploidy, polyploidy, micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange induction in mouse bone marrow cells after bromodeoxyuridine incorporation are reported. Hyperploidy and polyploidy were scored in metaphases of cells that had undergone only one division after treatment. Both chemicals induced cell-cycle lengthening, hyperploidy and micronuclei. The kinetics of hyperploidy induction by the two compounds differed in that COL was positive at 24 h, whereas HQ was positive 18 h after treatment. Only colchicine was positive for polyploidy induction and neither chemical induced sister chromatid exchange. These results are compared with similar data obtained after vinblastine (VBL) treatment. The results suggest that VBL and COL induce chromosome malsegregation via a mechanism associated with perturbations in the cell-cycle, whereas HQ induces aneuploidy independently of cell-cycle lengthening, possibly altering a chromosomal component of chromosome segregation rather than a spindle component.


The aim of this study was to design automatic and accurate control systems for wheel speed and steering of an agricultural mobile robot. Three controllers, including lead-lag compensator, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and fuzzy logic controller were designed and simulated in this study to control the angular rate of the shaft of a DC motor actuator for a field survey mobile robot that moves between plants rows to perform image acquisition task through a digital camera mounted on a two link arm attached on the robot base. The response of the actuator model for each controller were determined and compared for a sinusoidal and a step input that simulated robot speed and positioning references respectively. Performance analysis showed the effectiveness of the PID and lead-lag compensator response for the wheel steering task, while the fuzzy logic controller design had a better performance in wheel speed control. The output of this analysis was a proved satisfaction of the proposed design criteria which results enhanced mobility of the robot in terms of fast response, speed control accuracy and smooth steering at row- end turnings.


Estrogen-based drug therapy in cardiovascular diseases has been difficult because it has not been possible to separate the wanted vasculoprotective effect from the unwanted effects of the hormone to the reproductive system. Here, we demonstrate that, after endothelial denudation of rat carotid artery, the mRNA of the classical estrogen receptor (ERα) is constitutively expressed at a low level whereas the expression of the novel ERβ mRNA increases >40-fold. Under in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, ERβ mRNA and protein colocalize with the smooth muscle cells in the media and neointima. Treatment of ovariectomized female rats with the isoflavone phytoestrogen genistein, which shows 20-fold higher binding affinity to ERβ than to ERα, or with 17β-estradiol, which does not differentiate between the two receptors, provides similar dose-dependent vasculoprotective effect in rat carotid injury model. In addition in concentrations <10 μM, both ligands are equally inhibitory to the replication and migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. However, only treatment with 17β-estradiol, but not with genistein, is accompanied with a dose-dependent uterotrophic effect. The results suggest that preferential targeting to ERβ will provide vasculoprotective estrogen analogs devoid of effects to the reproductive system.


The purpose of a grammatical theory is to specify the mechanisms and principles that can characterize the relations of acceptable sentences in particular languages to the meanings that they express. It is sometimes proposed that the simplest and most explanatory way of arranging the formal mechanisms of grammatical description is to allow them to produce unacceptable representations or derivations for some meanings and then to appeal to a global principle of economy to control this overgeneration. Thus there is an intuition common to many syntactic theories that a given meaning should be expressed in the most economical way, that smaller representations or shorter derivations should be chosen over larger ones. In this paper we explore the conceptual and formal issues of Economy as it has been discussed within the theory of Lexical Functional Grammar. In LFG the metric of Economy is typically formulated in terms of the size of one component of syntactic representation -- the surface constituent structure tree -- but it is often left unstated which trees for a given meaning are to be compared and how they are to be measured. We present a framework within which alternative explicit definitions of Economy can be formulated, and examine some phenomena for which Economy has been offered as an explanation. However, we observe that descriptive devices already available and independently motivated within the traditional LFG formalism can also account for these phenomena directly, without relying on cross-derivational comparisons to compensate for overgeneration. This leads us to question whether Economy is necessary or even useful as a separate principle of grammatical explanation.