Aims We reviewed severe head injuries in children and adolescents who were treated in two national neurosurgical centres in 2013 and 2014. We studied the epidemiology, severity, care processes and clinical outcomes of these injuries. Methods The TARN (Trauma Audit and Research Network) database was used to collect data for admissions of 72 h or greater from two national neurosurgical centres. Results 117 patients with a severe head injury were admitted with a gender breakdown of 83 males and 34 females (2.4:1). 82 (61%) patients were transferred from another hospital. 64 (54%) of all head injuries were as a result of a fall, of which 45 (38%) were from less than 2 metres. Falls from less than 2 metres accounted for 27 (71%) injuries to children less than 2 years of age. Of 26 head injuries under 12 months of age, 5 (19%) were felt to be non-accidental injuries. There was a significant gender bias for mechanism of injury with 22 males and 8 females as a result of a vehicle collision (1.3:1) and 19 males and 1 female suffering a blow (19:1). The degree of head injury was scored using ISS (Injury Severity Score) and GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale). These showed that 85 (73%) had an ISS over 15, 19 (16%) between 9–15 and 13 (11%) between 1–8. 16 patients had a GCS under 8. The overall mortality was 5%. Morbidity was significant in that 21 survivors (18.9%) required intubation and 40 (34.1%) required one or more neurosurgical procedures. 21 (19%) patients had neuro-disability post-discharge all of which had an ISS > 15. Conclusion In our cohort, falls were the most common cause of severe head injury. The mortality in our cohort was 5% reflecting the experience in tertiary neurosurgical centres. The large burden of care that these injuries place on the hospital system is evident by the high number of neurosurgical interventions. It is evident that ISS is a good prognostic indicator as all those with neuro-disability scored greater than 15. In infants, non-accidental injury should always be considered.


Lake Bathymetry is a polygon feature-based layer that includes bathymetric (water depth) information for selected reservoirs, lakes, ponds and coves in Connecticut. The layer is based on information collected by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection over a period of time using a variety of different techniques and equipment including manual depth soundings, use of an electronic depth sounder, use of a GPS receiver to locate the boat, and digitizing previously published bathymetry maps. Attribute information is comprised of codes to depict water depth, waterbody indentification, collection method, and to cartographically symbolize features on a map. Data is compiled at a variety of scales and resolutions, depending on the collection method used for a particular waterbody. This data is not updated, however bathymetry information for addtional waterbodies may become available and included in this layer as new information is collected. The Bathymetry layer includes bathymetry for the following Connecticut lakes, ponds and coves: Alexander Lake, Amos Lake, Anderson Pond, Aspinook Pond, Avery Pond, Babcock Pond, Ball Pond, Bantam Lake, Bashan Lake, Batterson Park Pond, Beach Pond, Beachdale Pond, Beseck Lake, Bigelow Pond, Billings Lake, Black Pond, Bolton Lake Lower, Bolton Lake Middle, Bolton Lake Upper, Bolton Notch Pond, Breakneck Pond, Burr Pond, Candlewood Lake, Cedar Lake, Chamberlain Lake, Chapman Pond, Colebrook River Reservoir, Congamond Lakes, Coventry Lake, Cresent Pond, Crow Point Cove, Crystal Lake, Dodge Pond, Dog Pond, Dooley Pond, Eagleville Lake, East Twin Lake, Frash Pond, Gardner Lake, Glasgo Pond, Gorton Pond, Great Hollow Pond, Green Falls Reservoir, Halls Pond, Hamburg Cove, Hampton Reservoir, Hatch Pond, Higganum Reservoir, Highland Lake, Holbrook Pond, Hopeville Pond, Horse Pond, Howells Pond, Jurovaty Pond, Keach Pond, Keeney Cove, Killingly Pond, Lake Hayward, Lake Housatonic, Lake Kenosia, Lake Lillinonah, Lake Of Isles, Lake Saltonstall, Lake Wintergreen, Lake Zoar, Lantern Hill Pond, Leonard Pond, Little Pond, Long Pond, Maltby Lake #1, Maltby Lake #2, Maltby Lake #3, Mamanasco Lake, Mansfield Hollow Reservoir, Mashapaug Lake, McDonough Lake, Messerschmidt Pond, Millers Pond, Mohawk Pond, Mono Pond, Moodus Reservoir Lower, Moodus Reservoir Upper, Moosup Pond, Morey Pond, Mount Tom Pond, Mudge Pond, North Farms Reservoir, Norwich Pond, Pachaug Pond, Park Pond, Pataconk Reservoir, Pataganset Lake, Pickerel Lake, Pine Acres Lake, Powers Lake, Quaddick Reservoir Lower, Quaddick Reservoir Middle, Quaddick Reservoir Upper (Stump Pond), Quinebaug Lake, Quonnipaug Lake, Rainbow Reservoir, Red Cedar Lake, Rogers Lake, Roseland Lake, Salmon Cove, Saugatuck Reservoir, Shenipsit Lake, Silver Lake, South Spectacle Lake, Squantz Pond, Stillwater Pond, Tyler Lake, Uncas Lake, Waramaug Lake, West Branch Reservoir, West Hill Pond, West Side Pond, West Thompson Reservoir, West Twin Lake, Wethersfield Cove, Winchester Lake, Wonoscoponuc Lake, Wood Creek Pond, Wrights Cove, and Wyassup Lake. The 2011 Edition added the following lakes: Allen Brook Pond, Ashland Pond, Barber Pond, Butterworth Dam, Day Pond, Gay City Pond, Lost Pond, Schreeder Pond, Twin Lakes North, Twin Lakes South, Williams Pond.


In this study, animal-borne telemetry with temperature sensors was coupled with extensive habitat temperature monitoring in a dimictic reservoir, to test the following hypotheses: behavioural thermoregulation occurs throughout the year and temperature selection varies on a diel and seasonal basis, in a winter-specialist diel-migrating fish. Burbot Lota lota demonstrated nightly behavioural thermoregulation throughout the year, with a large seasonal shift between selection for very cold temperatures (<2° C) optimal for reproduction during the spawning period and selection for warmer temperatures (12-14° C) optimal for hunting and feeding during non-reproductive periods. During daylight hours, while L. lota avoided habitats warmer than optimal for reproduction and feeding during the spawning and non-reproductive periods, respectively, active selection was limited to selection for 4-6° C habitat during the prespawning period. Although behavioural thermoregulation explained the night-time migration, behavioural thermoregulation only partially explained daytime behaviour, indicating that diel migration is best explained by a combination of factors. Thus, thermal-habitat selection was a good predictor of night-time habitat occupancy in a diel-migrating species. Together, these results show that thermal-habitat selection by fishes may be important throughout the year and a more seasonally plastic behaviour than previously recognized.


This master's thesis is about the implementation and evaluation of a small object-oriented automation system. By using a realtime Java VM from Jamaica, a sheet feeding magazine from the machine Tetra Aptiva Aseptic has been controlled. The expectations included to achieve more structured and safer programming, better documentation through UML and to separate application developers from developers of basic functionality. The work has involved to understand the existing control program, to design an object oriented model in Java and to run it on a test rack. The system worked fine, and most expectations were fulfilled. The performance measurements indicated that the Java was fast but also had a slightly larger jitter.


Lymphocytes (B, T and natural killer cells) and immunoglobulins are essential for the adaptive immune response against external pathogens. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kits are the gold standards to detect immunoglobulins, B cells and T cells, whereas the impedance measurement is the most used technique for natural killer cells. For point-of-care, fast and low-cost devices, biosensors could be suitable for the reliable, stable and reproducible detection of immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. In the literature, such biosensors are commonly fabricated using antibodies, aptamers, proteins and nanomaterials, whereas electrochemical, optical and piezoelectric techniques are used for detection. This review describes how these measurement techniques and transducers can be used to fabricate biosensors for detecting lymphocytes and the total content of immunoglobulins. The various methods and configurations are reported, along with the advantages and current limitations.


Pressure distribution along a series of guide and runner blade passages of the Francis turbine are useful to be known in order to predict flowing water pressure through the passages whether the pressure under the vapor pressure or not. Furthermore, when at any section of the passages the water pressure under the vapor pressure a cavitations will occur. In this study, the pressure of flowing water throughout the blade passages were measured at four sections along the passages by using four mercury deflection manometers and conditions of the flowing water were recorded by using a stroboscope and camera. The turbine was operated at 5 different heads with the same guide blade openings. Water pressures at the inlet and outlet turbine were measured by a Bourdon manometer of each. The flow rates were measured by using an orifice plate equipped with a mercury deep well manometer. The forces were measured by using a prony brake and turbine rotations were detected by using a digital tachometer. The result of the research state that head drop on the guide and runner blades, and turbine efficiency changing as the head, flow rate and turbine speed changed. The head drop on the runner was greater than that on the guide blade. Cavitations were not occoured because the lower pressure along the passages were still higher than vapor pressure. Water pressure decreased from the guide blade inlet to the runner outlet. Keywords : Francis turbine, Pressure distribution, guide and runner passages, head drop, cavitations, efficiency.


This paper presents a new control system for permanent magnet synchronous motors composed of a 2-degree-of-freedom deadbeat control with a disturbance compensation method using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The purpose is to achieve quick response and improve the tracking accuracy of motor current and the robustness against parameter variations. The proposed control system using a FPGA based the hardware controller with simple implementation can compute all calculation process within the dead time of an inverter, realizing ideal real time feedback control without sample delay. The performance of the proposed control strategy was verified in comparison with the conventional deadbeat control method through simulations and experimental results.


We study from first principles the luminescence of Lu$_2$SiO$_5$:Ce$^{3+}$ (LSO:Ce), a scintillator widely used in medical imaging applications, and establish the crucial role of oxygen vacancies (V$_O$) in the generated spectrum. The excitation energy, emission energy and Stokes shift of its luminescent centers are simulated through a constrained density-functional theory method coupled with a ${\Delta}$SCF analysis of total energies, and compared with experimental spectra. We show that the high-energy emission band comes from a single Ce-based luminescent center, while the large experimental spread of the low-energy emission band originates from a whole set of different Ce-V$_O$ complexes together with the other Ce-based luminescent center. Further, the luminescence thermal quenching behavior is analyzed. The $4f-5d$ crossover mechanism is found to be very unlikely, with a large crossing energy barrier (E$_{fd}$) in the one-dimensional model. The alternative mechanism usually considered, namely the electron auto-ionization, is also shown to be unlikely. In this respect, we introduce a new methodology in which the time-consuming accurate computation of the band gap for such models is bypassed. We emphasize the usually overlooked role of the differing geometry relaxation in the excited neutral electronic state Ce$^{3+,*}$ and in the ionized electronic state Ce$^{4+}$. The results indicate that such electron auto-ionization cannot explain the thermal stability difference between the high- and low-energy emission bands. Finally, a hole auto-ionization process is proposed as a plausible alternative. With the already well-established excited state characterization methodology, the approach to color center identification and thermal quenching analysis proposed here can be applied to other luminescent materials in the presence of intrinsic defects.


The basic task for foams used as core materials in sandwich constructions is to separate the skin layers in order to enhance stiffness with little contribution to the total weight. However, modern design in sandwich technology require that core materials contribute to the perfor-mance with specific mechanical and physical properties. In this thesis preparation and characterisation of different foamed structures as well as their application in sandwich constructions are discussed. The foams prepared are based on two different polymer matrix systems, either an Inter Penetrating Polymer Network (IPN) from PVC entangled by a poly-urea/amide/imide network or polyethersulfone (PES). Based on the IPN system two new materials were developed, a ductile foam core and a foam containing waste material. The IPN system was also used to demonstrate a new concept where different foam cores, with different material characteristics, were fused together into one single gradient material. The densities for all foam core materials were in the range of 40-200 kg/m 3 . The ductile foam core material was characterised by energy absorption capability and shock mitigation properties twice as high as that of standard material. This was achieved by obtaining a two fold increase in elongation in combination with withheld moduli and strengths relative the reference. The addition of 2-8% waste material was shown to give a 7-8°C increase in T g as well as increased strengths and moduli. Furthermore, it was found that the procedure for the pre-paration of the waste material, sanding or grinding, influence material properties significantly. Foam prepared using sanded waste material was superior to foam made using ground waste. The gradient core concept demonstrated that it is possible to join different foam core materials keeping the their nominal density and maintaining an overlapping continuos cell structure. It was also shown that it was possible to combine and utilise extreme specific material charac-teristics from the individual core materials in the composite by choosing a proper design. In the preparation of both the ductile material and the foam cores filled with waste materials, it was found that rheological phenomena controls the final cell morphology. High viscosity during nucleation and growth of the polymer matrix promotes the generation of thicker cell walls and decreased cell size, which are beneficial to improved strength and moduli. In the preparation of low density rigid foam core materials using polyethersulfone as matrix material, three different expansion techniques were investigated: mechanical counter pressure, gas counter pressure and micro wave expansion. It was demonstrated that the gas counter pressure method was superior to the other two with respect to processability and formation of foam with a more optimal cell structure. Furthermore the expanded PES-material was found to posses high temperature stability as well as extremely good behaviour in flammability tests. Low amounts of smoke, heat and toxic fumes are generated when the material burns.


Stress in the healthcare sector is an important concern, with worrying trends in provider burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and lower mental health. Importantly, provider stress is also connected to patient care, with recent research on Canada's opioid crisis finding that compassion satisfaction and burnout are linked to the perpetuation of negative attitudes and behaviours towards people with opioid use problems. In 2017, the Fraser Health Authority developed a training program for direct service providers designed to address this important connection—a mental health and resiliency program based in the principles of trauma-informed practice and care. This article reports the results of an evaluation of this program. Findings suggest that embedding resiliency and self-compassion within trauma-informed training programs is a promising approach for cultural change in healthcare practice. Leaders are encouraged to explore how such a model may be implementable for their own organizations and departments.


Background: Rituximab has emerged as a highly successful treatment in patients with severe-refractory autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) including pemphigus vulgaris. Marked clinical responses have been documented within just a few weeks of therapy and response rates as high as 97% have been reported. The B cell depleting action of rituximab occurs within 2 weeks of the first infusion and persists for an average of 11 months. Patients with AIBD on rituximab, often receive concurrent therapy with steroids and immunosuppressive agents. Thus, the B cell depleting action of rituximab occurs in the setting of glucocorticoid-mediated T cell suppression. Severe infection after rituximab treatment has been reported in up to 10% of patients, some fatal. This study investigates the rate and spectrum of infectious complications of rituximab in AIBD and potential role of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 30 patients with AIBD treated with rituximab. Patients received varying protocols of rituximab treatment. All patients received concurrent systemic corticosteroids and/ or immunosuppressive agents. We analyzed the incidence and spectrum of infectious complications as well as the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the cohort.
Results: Seventy-seven percent of patients received antibiotic prophylaxis. Thirty-three percent of patients developed at least one infectious complication of rituximab, 7% of infections were fatal. TMP-SMX was the agent of choice. The mean duration of antibiotic prophylaxis was 9 months. No adverse effects of TMP-SMX were observed. There was a decreased rate of infectious complications in patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis (RR 0.4; p 0.05), however this trend was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Even in the absence of published guidelines, physicians frequently administer TMP-SMX as prophylaxis for infections in patients with AIBD on rituximab, during treatment and in subsequent periods of B cell depletion. Based on our findings and existing guidelines for patients long term prednisone, we advocate for the use of TMP-SMX prophylaxis in patients with AIBD on rituximab and concurrent steroid-immunosuppressive therapy.


Background Injury prevention training focuses on physical execution of movement, but does not typically address mental aspects important for sport. A novel training model with integrated mental training, MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS), is a potential method of addressing important mental and physical training aspects. Objective To evaluate enjoyment of MOTIFS training. The primary hypothesis was that participants would report greater enjoyment following MOTIFS training than injury prevention (IP) training exercises. Design Block-randomized 2x2 cross-over trial. Setting Recreational Swedish athletes tested at a university lab. Patients (or Participants) Thirty athletes (18–31 years, 50% women) currently or previously active in team ball sports were included. Participants with pain or injury preventing jump and/or directional changes were excluded. Interventions (or assessment of risk factors) MOTIFS training integrated equipment and sport-specific experiences into physical exercises to increase individualized realism and meaning. The IP training exercise condition included solely physical exercise. Main outcome measurements The main outcome was the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Secondary outcomes included Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM; subscales Valence, Arousal, Dominance), Borg's scale of perceived exertion (RPE), training duration, and maximum pulse. Results PACES scores were better following MOTIFS training compared with IPT (mean diff 24.67; 95% CI 30.34;-19.00). SAM Valence (median 2, quartiles 1–3), Arousal (median 1; quartiles 0–2.25), and Dominance (median 0.5; quartiles 0–2), as well as RPE (med 1; quartiles -0.25–2), and maximum (median 7.50; quartiles 0.25–16.75) pulse were higher following MOTIFS training. MOTIFS training took 5.34 minutes longer (95% CI -0.17;-0.73). Conclusions Athletes perceived MOTIFS training as more enjoyable and reported more positive psychological responses than IP training exercises. Results indicate MOTIFS training is more fun and increases physical exertion, potentially improving IP training exercise quality and adherence by increasing athlete involvement and sport relevance. MOTIFS training took more time, so this should be taken into account during planning of exercises.


The electromagnetic telegraph was the first widespread application of electrotechnology. It embodies essential electrical principles, but its basic operation is simple enough to be understood by most first-year college students. As part of an ARPA/NSF-sponsored effort to improve undergraduate instruction, a four-week course module was developed to introduce freshman students to electrical and computer engineering. The module used multimedia presentations, a 70-page set of course notes, and demonstrations conducted by the students themselves. Near the end of the module teams of students bid on the construction of a hypothetical 1890 telegraph system. The module concluded with a review of modern telecommunications. The course used several innovative approaches. Rather than extensive lectures, the in-class instruction was provided primarily by rotating pairs of students who performed demonstrations under the guidance of the instructor. Examples of the course material are given along with student evaluations of the course and recommendations for similar work in the future.


Fibre reinforced polymer composite have been utilised in applications that require high strength-to-weight ratio and durability like automotive and spacecraft components. The literatures has indicated that there is a gap of knowledge in fatigue failure mechanism, and reliable prediction of fatigue life for glass and carbon fibre laminates. This study is to address experimentally the stress level dominated the composite failure mode and how to avoid stress concentration in fatigue design. In addition, it contributes to the scientific knowledge and to further increase the understanding the fatigue behaviour of composite materials structures. To accomplish this investigation goals, three types of materials were fabricated and tested; glass/epoxy, carbon/epoxy, and chopped glass/epoxy. Traditional hand layup technique for composite processing was used to fabricate the composite specimens. It involves manually positioning the reinforcement woven roving in an open mould and pouring, brushing, the resin onto the composites. This study details the experimental results of the ultimate tensile strength and high cycle fatigue, with a stress ratio of 0.1, using ASTM. Results showed that carbon fibre composite had the highest ultimate tensile strength. The power curves conducted from this paper were used to estimate the number of cycles which the material can endure.


ABSTRACT The paper analyzes legal issues associated with the application of existing contract law provisions to so-called Smart contracts, defined in the paper as 'agreements existing in the form of software code implemented on the Blockchain platform, which ensures the autonomy and self-executive nature of Smart contract terms based on a predetermined set of factors'. The paper consists of several sections. In the second section, the paper outlines the peculiarities of Blockchain technology, as currently implemented in Bitcoin cryptocurrency, which forms the core of Smart contracts. In the third section, the main characteristic features of Smart contracts are described. Finally, the paper outlines key tensions between classic contract law and Smart contracts. The concluding section sets the core question for analysis of the perspectives of implementation of this technology by governments: 'How to align the powers of the government with Blockchain if there is no central authority but only distributed technologies'. The author suggests two solutions, neither of which is optimal: (1) providing the state authorities with the status of a Superuser with extra powers; and (2) relying on traditional remedies and enforcement practices, by pursuing specific individuals – parties to a Smart contract – in offline mode.


In the wireless LANs or mobile ad hoc networks, a node with multi-packets in its queue waiting for delivery to several neighboring nodes may choose to schedule a candidate receiver with good channel condition for transmission. By choosing a receiver with good channel condition, the Head-of-Line (HOL) blocking problem can be alleviated and the overall system throughput can be increased. Motivated by this observation, we introduce the Opportunistic packet Scheduling and Media Access control (OSMA) protocol to exploit high quality channel condition under certain fairness constraints. We base our design on CSMA/CA so that it can be simply incorporated into the 802.11 standard. The key mechanisms of OSMA protocol are multicast RTS and priority-based CTS. In the OSMA protocol, RTS includes a list of candidate receivers. Among those who are qualified to receive data, the one with the highest order would be granted to catch the channel by replying CTS in the first place. The ordering list is updated dynamically according to certain scheduling policy such as Round Robin (RR) and Earlier timestamp First (ETF), and also other performance metrics, ex., fairness and timeliness, can be enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to exploit the multiuser diversity in the CSMA/CA based wireless networks. We evaluate the OSMA using ns-2 and our simulation results show that this protocol can improve the network throughput significantly.


More than 40% of the world's population is not connected to the internet, majorly due to the lack of adequate infrastructure. Our work aims to bridge this digital divide by proposing solutions for network deployment in remote areas. Specifically, a number of access points (APs) are deployed as an interface between the users and backhaul nodes (BNs). The main challenges include designing the number and location of the APs, and connecting them to the BNs. In order to address these challenges, we first propose a metric called connectivity ratio to assess the quality of the deployment. Next, we propose an agile search algorithm to determine the number of APs that maximizes this metric and perform clustering to find the optimal locations of the APs. Furthermore, we propose a novel algorithm inspired by infection dynamics to connect all the deployed APs to the existing BNs economically. To support the existing terrestrial BNs, we investigate the deployment of non-terrestrial BNs, which further improves the network performance in terms of average hop count, traffic distribution, and backhaul length. Finally, we use real datasets from a remote village to test our solution.


In this paper, we present some results obtained from the application of a class of sliding mode observers to the model-based fault diagnosis problem in non-linear dynamic systems. A Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is used to describe the system and then sliding mode observers are designed to estimate the system state vector, from this the diagnostic signal-residual is generated by the comparison of measured and estimated output. The technique was proven satisfactorily in simulation and real-time in a two-tank hydraulic system


Designing system structures for adaptability offers significant advantages for both customers and producers. But it is not simple, especially when the product is a highly complex product family, for example a heavy duty truck. This paper presents why the application of Design for Adaptability is problematic with existing approaches, if the product is complex. To close the outlined gap in methodology, a new methodical concept is proposed. This is based on Modular Function Deployment and strategic modularization, offering the opportunity for the necessary transparency, to make also very multi-variant products more adaptable. For making the complexity of high variant product families more tangible, this concept is applied on the components of a Generic Product Structure. The modularization is done by defining adaptability drivers and focusing not on interfaces, but on grouping components for distinct reasons. Therefore 'Strategic Modules' are defined offering a whole new perspective and transparency of component dependencies. This is shown on a real life product by MAN Truck & Bus AG. The result is a promising methodical concept that should be further developed by future research.


Emerging technologies have gained notoriety as a catalyst of socioeconomic progress, but have also inspired a revolution in ethics. Here, we provide an overview of ethics in stem cell-based therapies and offer a compelling argument for a need to establish an Ethics Research Consortium that will be tasked to assemble an interdisciplinary panel of experts who will apply ethical principles to analyze the social merit relative to the economic incentives of this emerging technology. Milestone studies on cell therapy in Parkinson's disease and stroke over the last two decades were the focus of this commentary. The major criterion for study selection was based on public opinion, scientific discussion, and government reactions generated by these pioneering studies. Original data from the selected studies are presented. Interpretation and discussion of data captured the prevailing views of the public and scientific community, as well as the government regulatory and oversight decisions (i.e., ban on embryonic stem cell research funding). Lessons learned from two decades of cell-based therapies indicate that poor management of the public discourse of ethics concerning emerging technologies might have contributed to misperceptions within both the public and the research community that have hindered the progress of scientific innovation and even delayed the clinical application of potentially life-saving treatments to critically ill patients. We propose the creation of a Consortium that will evaluate how these novel ethical issues in emerging technologies are addressed under current oversight and regulatory structures and where there may be gaps and need for revised or new public policy approaches.


Over the last eight weeks a local council has been having a spring clean, sweeping their district from top to bottom.


This Paper concentrated on the static compensator utilizing a two level cascaded multi level inverter implemented for reactive power compensation. The technique consisting of two level designed inverters are integrated in cascaded manner with help of open ended windings from the three phase transformer. The capacitor acts as a dclink capacitance which is used to control the generation of voltage from the STATCOM. Here fuzzy logic controller which is used to control and regulate the generation of voltage levels from the STATCOM by the fuzzy rules and conditions. The simulink models are tested and verified within the MATLAB/SIMULINK. The implemented models are controlled and compensated the abnormal conditions to normal conditions. The presence of Fuzzy controller the disturbances normalized which enhances system performances


Summary Objectives Summarize excellent current research in the field of Health Information Systems. Method Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2012. Results Three papers from international peer reviewed journals have been selected for the section on health information systems. Conclusions The selected articles illustrate current research regarding health IT impacts and evaluation and the latest developments in health information exchange.


BACKGROUND
Weight gain is often attributed as a side effect of combination hormonal contraceptive, and many women and clinicians believe that an association exists. Concern about weight gain can limit the use of this highly effective method of contraception by deterring the initiation of its use and causing early discontinuation among users. Nevertheless, a causal relationship between combination contraceptives and weight gain has not been established.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of the review was to evaluate the association between combination contraceptive use and changes in weight.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the computerized databases MEDLINE, Popline, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and LILACS for studies of combination contraceptives. We also wrote to known investigators and manufacturers to request information about other published or unpublished trials not discovered in our search.

SELECTION CRITERIA
All English-language, randomized controlled trials at least three treatment cycles in duration that compared a combination contraceptive to a placebo or with a combination contraceptive that differed in drug, dosage, regimen, and/or study length were eligible.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
All titles and abstracts located in the literature searches were assessed. Data were entered and analyzed with RevMan 4.1, and a second reviewer verified the data entered. Depending on the data available, the weighted mean difference using a fixed effects model with 95% confidence intervals was calculated for the mean change in weight between baseline and post-treatment measurements or the Peto odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using the proportion of women who gained or lost more than a specified amount of weight.

MAIN RESULTS
The three placebo-controlled, randomized trials did not find evidence supporting a causal association between combination oral contraceptives or a combination skin patch and weight gain. Most comparisons of different combination contraceptives showed no substantial difference in weight. In addition, discontinuation of combination contraceptives because of weight gain did not differ between groups where this was studied.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence is insufficient to determine the effect of combination contraceptives on weight, but no large effect is evident.


Background: The aim of this study was, using routine drug monitoring data, to identify patient characteristics that may influence everolimus (EVE) pharmacokinetic parameters and to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to predict EVE whole blood concentrations in cardiac recipients. Methods: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in the prospective study. Patient's characteristics were recorded including biological covariates and treatments. CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms were determined. Seven hundred seventy-five EVE blood samples were collected for routine drug monitoring. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was carried out using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling program. Results were analyzed according to a 1-compartment pharmacokinetic model with linear absorption and elimination. The model was evaluated using a bootstrap method and a visual predictive check procedure. Results: The pharmacokinetic of EVE in cardiac recipients was best described by a 1-compartment model. Interindividual variability was best described by an exponential error model and residual error by a proportional plus additive error model. Estimation of EVE apparent clearance (3.33 ± 0.20 L/h) and apparent volume of distribution (146 ± 33 L) were in accordance with previously published data. Bilirubinemia and cyclosporine significantly influenced EVE clearance. Some covariates that were expected to influence EVE clearance, for example, ABCB1 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms, were not evidenced. No covariates influenced the volume of distribution of EVE. Conclusions: This study is the first population pharmacokinetic model of EVE in heart transplantation patients. It allows a better description of the pharmacokinetics of EVE. The present population pharmacokinetic model allows estimating a priori and a posteriori EVE concentrations in cardiac recipients and could limit the over and under drug exposure in this population.


OBJECTIVE
To describe a technique for reconstructing the lost tip support in cases involving caudal septal and premaxillary deficiencies.

METHODS
The study included 120 patients with aesthetic and functional nasal problems resulting from the loss of caudal septal and premaxillary support. An external rhinoplasty approach was performed to reconstruct the lost support using a cartilaginous caudal septum replacement graft and premaxillary augmentation with Mersilene mesh.

RESULTS
The majority of cases (75%) involved revisions in patients who had previously undergone 1 or more nasal surgical procedures. A caudal septum replacement graft was combined with premaxillary augmentation in 93 patients (77.5%). The mean follow-up period was 3 years (range, 1-12 years). The technique succeeded in correcting the external nasal deformities in all patients and resulted in a significant improvement in breathing in 74 patients (86%) with preoperative nasal obstruction. There were no cases of infection, displacement, or extrusion.

CONCLUSIONS
The caudal septum replacement graft proved to be very effective in restoring the lost tip support in patients with caudal septal deficiency. Combining the graft with premaxillary augmentation using Mersilene mesh helped increase support and stability over long-term follow-up.


A novel transformation of β-keto sulfides into enones has been developed. The new method facilitates an NBS-mediated elimination of sulfides to access both enones and dienones. 22 enone products were obtained in moderate to high yields. 4 different dienones were also prepared in 73%-93% yields. 7 different alkylthio motifs have been removed efficiently from β-keto sulfides. We also found that our transformation proceeds well in gram-scale reactions showing no decrease in yield. This methodology is significant in the research and application of sulfides, giving a new pathway to transform β-keto sulfides into enones.


Purpose To identify the prevalence and clinical features of detrusor underactivity (DU) in elderly men and women presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods We reviewed 1,179 patients aged over 65 years who had undergone a urodynamic study for LUTS with no neurological or anatomical conditions. DU was defined as a bladder contractility index <100 and a maximal flow rate (Qmax) ≤12 ml/s combined with a detrusor pressure at Qmax ≤10 cmH2O for men and women, respectively. Results Of the patients, 40.2% of men and 13.3% of women were classified as having DU (p<0.001). Types of clinical symptoms were not significantly different between patients with and without DU. In men, whereas the prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) was constant across the age spectrum, the prevalence of DU and detrusor overactivity (DO) increased with age, and 46.5% of men with DU also had DO or BOO. In women, the prevalence of DU also increased with age, and the trend was more remarkable in women aged over 70 years. DU was accompanied by DO or urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (USUI) in 72.6% of the women with DU. Women with DU were found to have lower cystometric capacity and exhibited a greater incidence of reduced compliance than did women without DU. Conclusions DU was a common mechanism underlying LUTS in the elderly population, especially in men. One half of the men and three quarters of the women with DU also had other pathologies such as DO, BOO, or USUI.


OBJECTIVE
FOXE1 plays an important role in craniofacial development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between genetic variants of FOXE1 and risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts in a Chinese population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three potentially functional SNPs of FOXE1 (rs3758250 and rs907577 in the 5' upstream and rs7043516 in the 3'-UTR) were selected and their associations with non-syndromic orofacial cleft susceptibility were investigated in a case-control study from a Chinese population (602 cases and 605 controls). Genotyping was performed with double ligation and multiplex fluorescence PCR. Associations between the SNPs and risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts and its subgroups were estimated from unconditional logistic regression analysis. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to assess SNP function.

RESULTS
Overall, we did not find any of the individual SNP or haplotype was associated with NSOC susceptibility. Nevertheless, in stratified analysis, we found rs7043516, locating in the 3'-UTR of FOXE1, was associated with risk of cleft lip only. Further in vitro luciferase assay indicated that this SNP could contribute to differential binding ability with miRNA.

CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, this study showed that rs7043516 may be considered as a potentially susceptible marker of cleft lip only among Chinese Han populations.


The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship of drug solubility in a complex lipid mixture to that of the individual ingredients with the goal of substantiating a quantitative equation that can be applied in formulation development of lipid dosage forms. To this end, the solubility of four drugs, which span a large range of physicochemical properties, was evaluated in 18 lipid ingredients that cover the major lipid classes. To assess the solubility relation in complex lipid mixtures in an unbiased manner, the experiments were created as an experimental design with the ability to detect cubic curvature in the solubility-lipid composition space. The results demonstrated that for all drugs, irrespective of their significantly distinct physicochemical properties, solubility in lipid mixtures can be readily estimated as a simple weighted average of the drug solubility in the individual ingredients. This result is of great value to formulators who can minimize a large number of solubility experiments once a basis set of solubility is determined in individual lipids.


In this paper, we obtain approximations for the optimal Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) decision rule in cooperative detection when local energy detectors are assumed. Considering conditional independence, we also show under which bandwidth and sampling frequency regimes these approximations hold best. Furthermore, we present simulations where the performance of the approximated LLR decision rule is compared with other sub-optimal decision rules given in the literature such as the optimal linear weighting. The simulations show that the density functions of the approximations exhibit negligible error in comparison with the exact ones, when conditions on bandwidth and sampling frequencies are met. The approximations presented in this paper allow to perform efficiently the joint LLR decision rule for a set of nodes without requiring Monte-Carlo simulations.


The purpose of this paper is to consider the $N$ -center problem with collinear centers, to identify its syzygy sequences that can be realized by minimizers of the Lagrangian action functional and to count the number of such syzygy sequences. In particular, we show that the number of such realizable syzygy sequences of length $\ell$ greater than or equal to two for the 3-center problem is at least $F_{\ell +2}-2$ , where $\{F_{n}\}$ is the Fibonacci sequence. Moreover, with fixed length $\ell$ , the density of such realizable syzygy sequences of length $\ell$ for the $N$ -center problem approaches one as $N$ increases to infinity. Using reflection symmetry, the minimizers that we found can be extended to periodic solutions.


Twelve hearing impaired adults were enrolled in intensive speechreading training classes following formal audiologic evaluation. They were given a video taped test of speechreading skill before and after twelve weeks (18 hours) of training. They were also given a post-treatment experimental questionnaire which asked for their opinions in the general areas of class procedures, communicative ability, feelings about the group and other related topics. The responses on the questionnaire were examined with regard to each individual's opinion, the total group feelings and the results of the speechreading test. It was found that although the speechreading test scores showed no significant pre- and post-treatment differences, the responses on the experimental questionnaire were generally positive. It was felt that this questionnaire may well be a useful tool as part of the evaluation of one's total communicative ability. Moreover, it was felt that the group experiences provided significant insights into hearing impairment and hearing handicap. The participants took on a more assertive approach to their communication difficulty. They tended to accept their handicap, had a greater understanding of the limitations and were able to offer suggestions to others so that they could understand more in various person-to-person social-communication situations.


This case study examines the effectiveness of incorporating role-playing and simulation techniques into a high school classroom in order to improve student's mastery of the themes and structure of an American play. After incorporating three techniques to encourage student empathy toward the characters in Arthur Miller's The Crucible, the teacher compared students' grades during this unit to their grades earlier that year and to the grades of the previous year's students during the drama unit. Grades were measurably higher when the teacher applied these role-playing techniques. Both general education and special education students improved their analysis of the play's themes and structural elements, as measured in daily assignments, quizzes, and exams. Despite limitations in the data, such as limited access to the grades of the previous years' students and a relatively small sample of special education students, role-playing techniques are a promising tool for secondary educators in the dramatic literature classroom.


After isolation of column chromatograph with organic solvent containing acid water, the content of berberine chloride in Xianglian Jiaowan (a Chinese drug) is determined by spectrophotometry. The analysis method is specific, sensitive and accurate, recovery is 99.8% and RSD is o.78%.


The site is situated in the bottomland near the confluence of Dyje and Morava rivers. The junction area is split by many sides and inactive channels. The human impact (settlement establishment, deforestation and landscape management) is also reflected in the bottomland development. Processes lead to erosion, accumulation of sediments in river beds and changes in vegetation. One of the peaks of the settlement of the studied area can be considered during existence of the Great Moravian Empire when the settlement agglomerations developed directly in the floodplain. The area has been intensively archaeologically studied for a long time. In the context of the ongoing climate change and increasing intensity of floods the relationship between climate, natural conditions and the functioning of the human settlements comes to the forefront of scientific interest. For the reconstruction of the complicated floodplain development a combination of different research methods was used. For direct determination of stratigraphy an excavated transect through the sediments connecting the edge of the settlement (in the area of the so called Northern bailey) on the sand elevation ("hrúd") and lower flood-plain step in the area of presumptive paleomeander has been studied. Direct field documentation and palynological and sedimentological studies and 14C dating method were utilized. These methods have been supplemented by remote sensing methods: Geophysics (ERT, DEMP), Lidar. On their basis a digital relief model (extend of measured area was 54 000 m2) was created as well as a map of conductivity anomalies. The study documented a sequence of extinct riverbeds (a series of fluvial point bars) of various ages at the northern edge of Pohansko. Their stratigraphic position proves the stage when the active channel was eroding the edge of the archaeological site. The sediments stored in previous periods were destroyed by erosion in this space. The aggradation of the floodplain occurred in 14th–16th century. Results of pollen analysis indicate the presence of a mosaic of forested and open landscape of mesophilous alluvial woodlands and open areas. The immediate vicinity of the sedimentary area was not too much affected by agricultural activity at that time. Compared to palynospectra from sediments of the Great Moravian settlement, the deforestation intensity and the proportion of anthropogenic indicators were noticeably lower.


OBJECTIVE. We designed and tested a novel health promotion program for elementary schools that was based on peer teaching from older to younger schoolchildren ("Healthy Buddies"). SUBJECTS AND METHODS. This prospective pilot study compared the effect of our program (2–3 hours/week, 21 weeks) in 2 Canadian elementary schools (intervention: n = 232 children, the whole school implementing the program; control: n = 151). Older students (4th through 7th grade) were given direct instruction from 1 intervention teacher and were paired with younger students (kindergarten through 3rd grade) for the whole school year. Students in 4th through 7th grade then acted as teachers for their younger "buddies." All lessons included 3 components of healthy living: nutrition, physical activity, and healthy body image. The students first learned how to be positive buddies and learned the 3 components of a healthy life. Thereafter, they learned how to overcome challenges to living a healthy life. Outcome measures (intervention and control schools at the beginning and end of the school year) included validated questionnaires that assessed healthy-living knowledge, behavior and attitude, a 9-minute fitness run, self-competence, body satisfaction, disordered eating symptoms, and anthropometry (BMI, blood pressure, and heart rate). RESULTS. Compared with control students, both older and younger intervention students showed an increase in healthy-living knowledge, behavior, and attitude scores and a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure. BMI and weight increased less in the intervention students in 4th through 7th grade and height more in the intervention students in kindergarten through 3rd grade. CONCLUSIONS. Our student-led curriculum improved knowledge not only in older schoolchildren but also in their younger buddies. It also decreased weight velocity in the older students. Student-led teaching may be an efficient, easy-to-implement way of promoting a healthy lifestyle from kindergarten to 7th grade.


Objectives. Persistent toxic substances (PTS) have a tendency to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in food chains. Certain indigenous communities in the Russian Arctic are known to be at the highest risk of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), organochlorine pesticides, some metals and radionuclides. This is the result of a number of factors including lipid-rich traditional food, cold climate and a special lifestyle. Exposure of humans to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been found to be associated with the occurrences of some adverse health effects. Due to their ability to pass the placenta barrier and be transferred from the mother to the newborn through breast milk, the possible effects of PTS during the critical stages of foetal development are of greatest significance. The project has been designed to evaluate the different ways of PTS migration to humans, particularly via local foods; to define the PTS content in the blood of indigenous populations of the Russian north; to determine dietary habits, life style and health status; to evaluate whether individual POPs and metals may be responsible for specific reproductive health effects, and whether radiation body burdens (over decades) could be associated with cancer mortality rates.(


head-injured, multiple trauma patients. Purpose: Paramedics frequently administer intramuscular (IM) naloxone for the setting. of a needleless jet injection. a analyzed The mean (±SD) blood level of for the level ng/mL


Objective:To compare the efficacy of low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and intralesional corticosteroid injection (CSI) for the treatment of plantar fasciopathy present for at least 6 weeks. Design:A prospective, randomized, controlled, observer-blinded study over a period of 12 months. Setting:Primary care and hospital setting. Patients:A total of 132 patients were enrolled in the study, and 125 completed the study. Nineteen nonrandomized patients acted as a surrogate control group. Interventions:All patients performed a standardized Achilles tendon and plantar fascia stretching program. The patients were randomly allocated to either treatment group A or B. Group A received a single CSI, while group B were referred for a course of low-dose ESWT comprising 3 treatments over a period of 3 weeks. Group C consisted of 19 nonrandomized patients who performed the standardized stretching program only. Main Outcome Measurements:The worst daily pain recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the tenderness at the plantar fascia insertion as determined by an algometer. These measures were recorded immediately prior to the commencement of treatment and 3 months and 12 months posttreatment. Results:With regard to VAS pain scores, values for the CSI (1.48; 0-7) were significantly lower than both ESWT (3.69; 0-8), and controls (3.58; 2-5) at 3 months. At 12 months, VAS scores for CSI (0.84; 0-7) and ESWT (0.84; 0-4) were both significantly lower than controls (2.42; 1-4). The tenderness values at 3 months were significantly higher for CSI (9.42; 7-11) than both ESWT (6.72; 4-11) and controls (7.63; 6-9). P < 0.05 was used throughout. Conclusions:Corticosteroid injection is more efficacious and multiple times more cost-effective than ESWT in the treatment of plantar fasciopathy that has been symptomatic for more than 6 weeks.


Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical molecule biosynthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), a family of oxidoreductases responsible for the conversion of the natural substrate L-arginine into L-citrulline and NO [...].


Urine drug screen immunoassays have been widely used as point-of-care testing for detection of various drug classes in substance use disorders. However, these immunoassays frequently result in false positive results. We report two patients that used 180 mg daily dose of fexofenadine hydrochloride for treatment of skin allergy and, falsely, tested positive for use of tramadol during urine drug screening. We recommend caution when interpreting positive tramadol urine screening among patients on fexofenadine treatment.


Nugrahaeni N, Rahayu M. 2017. Short Communication: Peanut introduced germplasm response against Ralstonia bacterial wilt disease. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 138-140. Peanut germplasm introduction is a means to increase genetic variability within the germplasm collection. However, its utilization is frequently hampered by its susceptibility to bacterial wilt disease, the main disease in peanut cultivation in Indonesia. The aim of the present study was to assess peanut introduced germplasm response against Ralstonia bacterial wilt disease. One hundred and fifty peanuts introduced germplasm were planted on the bacterial wilt endemic area in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. Pre-planted isolation revealed that the bacterial population in the soil was considered high, i.e. 2.6x10 cfu.g. The trial was laid out in RCBD, replicated two times. Each accession was planted in two rows of 4-m length with 40 cm x 10 cm plant spacing. The crop received a basal dose of Phonska at 300 kg.ha and SP36 at 100 kg. ha. Observations were made on bacterial wilt disease incidence and agronomic traits. Research result showed that the introduced germplasm was highly variable in their responses to the wilt disease with wilt incidence ranging from 0% to 100%. Twenty-three accessions, out of 150, were resistant to the disease. Those resistant accessions showed good agronomic characters and gave dry pod yield in the range of 1.56-4.5 t.ha. This results indicated that introduced germplasm could be used in increasing variability of bacterial wilt resistant gene source as well as in increasing yield potential in developing new peanut improved cultivars.


BACKGROUND
Lung cancer (LC) is still the primary cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and late diagnosis is a major obstacle to improving lung cancer outcomes. Recently, elevated preoperative or pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) detected in peripheral blood were identified as independent prognostic factors associated with poor survival with various cancers, including colon cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine whether MPV, NLR and PLR could be useful inflammatory markers to differentiate lung cancer patients from healthy controls. An investigation was also made of the relationship between these markers and other prognostic factors and histopathological subgroups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospectively eighty-one lung cancer patients and 81 age-sexes matched healthy subjects included into the study. Patients with hypertension, hematological and renal disease, heart failure, chronic infection, hepatic disorder and other cancer were excluded from the study. The preoperative or pretreatment blood count data was obtained from the recorded computerized database.

RESULTS
NLR and PLR values were significantly higher in the LC patients compared to the healthy subjects.( NLR: 4.42 vs 2.45 p=0.001, PLR: 245.1 vs 148.2 p=0.002) MPV values were similar in both groups (7.7 vs 7.8). No statistically significant relationship was determined between these markers (MPV, NLR and PLR) and histopathological subgroups and TNM stages.

CONCLUSIONS
NLR and PLR can be useful biomarkers in LC patients before treatment. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.


Underwater oil and gas extraction and distribution, as well as the investigation of solutions for CO2 storage underwater, demand for new technologies to perform pervasive real life monitoring and control of underwater critical infrastructures. In this paper we present a system, named CO2Net, we have developed to perform accurate real-life monitoring of underwater CO2 storage infrastructures. The basic component of our system is the CO2Probe, a new underwater monitoring node which combines sensing, acoustic communications and networking capabilities. CO2Probes are connected via acoustic links in an underwater sensor network which provides robust, real-life communications of the monitored data both in single-hop and multi-hop deployments. The user has a realtime control on the monitoring system, being able to change alarm threshold values and sampling rates. The proposed CO2Net approach overcomes the major limitations of system currently available on the market, and provides a first easy to use, flexible and easy to extend, complete monitoring system for underwater infrastructures, based on the emerging underwater sensor networking paradigm. A first prototype of CO2Net has been tested during summer-fall 2011 at the NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) in La Spezia. Results of these experiments confirm system reliability, and its adaptability: all requested data where provided in real-time, the system was remotely accessible and end user could change monitoring parameters.


Abstract. The Antarctic plays a vital role in the Earth system. However, our poor knowledge of the Antarctic limits predicting and projecting future climate changes and sea level rising due to rapid changing of the Antarctic. Airborne platforms can access most places of this hostile and remote continent and measure subice properties with high resolution and accuracy. China deployed the first fixed-wing airplane of "Snow Eagle 601" for Antarctic expeditions in 2015. Airborne scientific instruments, including radio-echo sounder, gravimeter, magnetometer, laser altimeter etc., were configured and integrated on the airplane. In the past four years, the airborne platform has been applied to survey the Princess Elizabeth Land, the largest data gap in Antarctica, Amery Ice Shelf and other critical areas in East Antarctica, and overall ∼150,000 km flight lines have been completed. Here, we introduced the "Snow Eagle 601" airborne platform and base stations, as well as field operations of airborne survey, including aviation supports, daily cycle of the scientific flight, data processing and quality control, and finally summarized progress of airborne survey in the past four years.


The finite-element method is applied to the analysis of curvature losses of whispering gallery modes in an optical dielectric disk. Numerical examples on the dielectric disks with various side shapes are given. We also demonstrate that when the curvature radius of the disk is large enough, the difference between the propagation constants obtained by considering and by ignoring the curvature loss is very small. >


Towards the end of his life and especially after his exile in 58-57 BC, Cicero's publication program accelerated. While he aimed to promote his own glory, he had to do so in an environment where writing about oneself attracted censure. This article explores some of the ways in which Cicero tries to overcome this limitation. These include writing about himself indirectly, defending artists in court, soliciting historians to include his role as consul in their works and even attempts at public literary blackmail, specifically towards his prolific contemporary, Marcus Terentius Varro.


Male hamsters castrated at birth and female hamsters were treated on postnatal Days 2-4 with 100 microgram of testosterone. 100 microgram of fluoxymesterone, or the hormone vehicle. As adults, mounting behavior and lordosis were measured following exogenous hormone treatment. Although the degree of penile or clitoral virilization did not appear to differ between testosterone- and fluoxymesterone-treated animals, behavioral differences occurred. Neonatal treatment with fluoxymesterone failed to "masculinize" or defeminize" behavior; neonatal testosterone treatment induced mounting in males and females and intromission in males. These results, along with those of others, indicate that fluoxymesterone has little or no central neural effect on sexual behavior in the hamster.


By the age of 16, almost eight out 10 young people have experienced the death of a close friend or relative. The negative impact of unresolved childhood bereavement may reduce academic achievement, increase risk of offending behaviour, teenage pregnancy and developing mental health difficulties (Ribbens McCarthy with Jessop, 2005; Akerman & Statham, 2014). Bereaved young people may find it difficult to talk to anyone about their experiences. With children spending over six hours a day in school, schools are a key source of support, constancy and consistency when families experience the turbulence of bereavement. A common theme in the research literature is that there are a wide range of outcomes for children who have experienced a close bereavement. All children and families are unique and have different experiences of bereavement and grief, and responses to them. A qualitative study (Abdelnoor & Hollins, 2004) found that while some children took a 'restorative approach' to school life, preferring to deal with loss-related issues elsewhere, others described chaos and distress in school following the bereavement. It is essential therefore that staff working within schools are confident in supporting bereaved young people and understand how bereavement impacts at different stages of the lifecycle. This paper discusses the initial outcomes from the ATLAS programme, established in 2017 to help schools support pupils as they navigate their way through their experiences of bereavement. Atlas aims to: Raise awareness of the extent and effects of bereavement on young people Support schools in the Wolverhampton area to develop effective bereavement policy and practice Equip staff with the knowledge, skills and confidence to support bereaved children Support achievement of national policy ambitions, including Ambition 6 'Each Community Is Prepared To Help' Provide focused training for early career teachers. The paper also includes a critical discussion of the role of different stakeholders.


Background The purpose of this study was to investigate lamellar macular hole formation in six patients after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of patients who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair was performed. Optical coherence tomography characteristics and best-corrected visual acuity were evaluated. Patients who developed lamellar macular hole after pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair were identified. Results A total of 1185 eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment between 2004 and 2009. Optical coherence tomography evaluation was available in 450 cases. Six of these cases demonstrated lamellar macular hole formation, which was diagnosed by OCT-3. The mean time from retinal detachment surgery to lamellar hole diagnosis was 4.1 months. The presence of an epiretinal membrane on the surface of the juxtafoveal retina was a common finding in all six patients. Visual acuity was improved after successful retinal reattachment and remained unchanged after lamellar hole formation. Conclusion Lamellar macular holes developing after pars plana vitrectomy is a rare complication. Stability of optical coherence tomography findings and best-corrected visual acuity after lamellar macular hole formation may be observed for at least two years.


We consider the energy-momentum excitation spectrum of diverse lattice Hamiltonian operators: the generator of the Markov semigroup of Ginzburg-Landau models with Langevin stochastic dynamics, the Hamiltonian of a scalar quantum field theory, and the Hamiltonian associated with the transfer matrix of a classical ferromagnetic spin system at high temperature. The low-lying spectrum consists of a one-particle state and a two-particle band. The two-particle spectrum is determined using a lattice version of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. In addition to the two-particle band, depending on the lattice dimension and on the attractive or repulsive character of the interaction between the particles of the system, there is, respectively, a bound state below or above the two-particle band. We show how the existence or nonexistence of these bound states can be understood in terms of a nonrelativistic single-particle lattice Schrödinger Hamiltonian with a delta potential. A staggering transformation relates the spectra of the attractive and the repulsive cases.


Nero's suicide in AD 68 was followed by a disastrous civil war that left the empire in a parlous state and saw the demise, in quick succession, of another three emperors (Galba, Otho and Vitellius). Normality returned with Vespasian and his sons, Titus and Domitian who ruled from 69 to 96. They changed the face of Rome, with massive public works such as the Flavian amphitheatre (later called the Colosseum) and the palace-complex on the Palatine, which provided much-needed employment whilst at the same time enhancing the city's status as the capital of the Mediterranean. The most detailed account of the new dynasty and its achievements is provided by Suetonius. What he has to say about these three Flavians constitutes the best source we have for the period. This edition of the three "Lives" includes a new translation, a general introduction to Suetonius and a detailed commentary that concentrates on the social and political history behind each life.


: Liquefaction is one of the most significant earthquake-related phenomena that reduce the resistance of saturated loose sandy soils. To minimize the potential for liquefaction, polypropylene fibers, geofibers, and polypropylene fibers with cement were used as stabilization materials. A series of laboratory stress-controlled undrained cyclic triaxial tests has been conducted as per ASTM D3999 and ASTM D5311. Dry sand–cement mixes were prepared using an electric mixer with randomly distributed polypropylene fiber at different percentages of fiber contents. Polypropylene fibers have lengths of 10 mm and 20 mm. Cemented specimens with cement content varying from 0 % to 2 % by weight of dry sand were prepared and cured for 3 days. Geofiber specimens were prepared by placing 6.5 cm diameter geofibers inclusions in various horizontal arrangements in the sample. It was found that the liquefaction improvement factor (LIF) increased when fiber content and fiber length increased. LIF of the addition of 1% polypropylene fibers (PF) of 20 mm was equal to 215.38% at cyclic stress ratio (CSR) = 0.20. The addition of geofibers increased the liquefaction resistance as the number of layers increased. The addition of geofibers increased the liquefaction resistance as the number of layers increased. The addition of 2% cement (C) +1% P.F. provided the best liquefaction resistance in this study compared with other additives. LIF of samples reinforced with 2% C+1% PF equals 893.33% at CSR= 0.30. This study proposes cement and fiber as good soil improvement techniques that can improve liquefaction resistance.


The optimization of forest management in the surroundings of roads is a necessary task in term of wildfire prevention and the mitigation of their effects. One of the reasons why a forest fire spreads is the presence of contiguous flammable material, both horizontally and vertically and, thus, vegetation management becomes essential in preventive actions. This work presents a methodology to detect the continuity of vegetation based on aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds, in combination with point cloud processing techniques. Horizontal continuity is determined by calculating Cover Canopy Fraction (CCF). The results obtained show 50% of shrubs presence and 33% of trees presence in the selected case of study, with an error of 5.71%. Regarding vertical continuity, a forest structure composed of a single stratum represents 81% of the zone. In addition, the vegetation located in areas around the roads were mapped, taking into consideration the distances established in the applicable law. Analyses show that risky areas range from a total of 0.12 ha in a 2 m buffer and 0.48 ha in a 10 m buffer, representing a 2.4% and 9.5% of the total study area, respectively.


Researchers have found the oldest evidence for dog breeding on a remote island in the East Siberian Sea. Nine thousand years ago, the hunter-gatherers of Zhokhov Island lived in animal-skin tents, hunted large numbers of polar bears with nothing more than a spear, and appear to have been the first people on Earth who bred dogs for a specific purpose—in this case to pull sleds, so that they could track reindeer across hundreds of miles of frozen plains. The work could rewrite the thinking about some of the earliest days of dog domestication, and it suggests that scientists interested in the beginnings of the human-canine relationship should be paying more attention to early Arctic peoples.


Postpartum depression is frequently observed in women. First-line antidepressants in treatment of postpartum depression are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Although SSRIs are well tolerated by most breastfed infants, some adverse events may arise in exposed infants. This report presents the case of an infant of a breastfeeding woman using citalopram without any problem after sertraline and paroxetine were discontinued due to adverse events in the infant.


Macromolecular ligands have been widely used in the past two decades with the objective of preparing structurally defined heterogeneous catalysts from soluble organometallic complexes. This activity has been largely reconsidered and focused on few specific systems. In this connection the present paper reviews recent data concerning the preparation of macromolecular metal complexes derived from transition metals which can produce active catalytic complexes for olefin polymerization and oligomerization and comparison is made about the suitability of both organic resins (crosslinked polystyrene) and inorganic materials (silica, alumina and zeolites).


Proteolysis of a myofibril-bound serine proteinase (MBP) from carp Cyprinus carpio on myofibrillar proteins and their gel formation ability were investigated. MBP readily decomposed myosin heavy chain as indicated by SDS-PAGE. In the preparation of kamaboko, the gel formation ability was diminished by addition of MBP. The optimum degradation temperatures of MBP to myosin heavy chain in myofibril and kamaboko gel were 55°C and 60°C, respectively. The degradation effects of MBP on actin, α-actinin and tropomyosin were studied by the immunoblotting method. Because of its myofibril-bound and myofibrillar protein degradation characteristics, MBP was regarded as the proteinase most probably involved in the modori effect.


: The patient's problem consisted of a large diastema between the central incisors. The cost-cutting treatment plan recommended to the patient and his parents by the general dentist was to use orthodontic rubber bands to loop the teeth and close the diastema.


This article explores the role of institutional listening in deliberative democracy, focusing particularly on its contribution to the transmission process between the public sphere and formal institutions. We critique existing accounts of transmission for prioritizing voice over listening and for remaining constrained by an 'aggregative logic' of the flow of ideas and voices in a democracy. We argue that formal institutions have a crucial role to play in ensuring transmission operates according to a more deliberative logic. To substantiate this argument, we focus on two recent examples of institutional listening in two different democracies: Australia's Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse and the United States' Senate Judiciary Committee's confirmation hearing for Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh. These cases show that institutional listening can take different forms; it can be purposefully designed or incidental, and it can contribute to the realization of deliberative democracy in various ways. Specifically, institutional listening can help enhance the credibility and visibility of minority groups and perspectives while also empowering these groups to better hold formal political institutions accountable. In these ways, institutional listening helps transmission operate according to a more deliberative logic.


Abstract : In April 1980, a fire destroyed a during house in the Swiss Federal Propellant Plant. At that time a propellant of a new composition was stored there. Although the product had been tested previously and found to be of good stability and therefore safe, we came to the conclusion that it was the reason for the fire. This assumption proved to be correct. For the investigation different types of thermal test methods were used: temperature-programmed DSC/DTA-measurements, Isothermal DSC/DTA and heat accumulation tests. The results of these tests and their respective conclusions are presented. The reveal that even in a case where the heat production at process temperature is below the detectable limits this unmeasurable small heat production may be sufficient to produce a thermal explosion, provided the mass of propellant is sufficiently high. Reference is made to work on this subject which was done in the Swiss chemical industry. A concept is presented to examine compatibility with a simple, low-cost DTA-measurement and a heat accumulation test. The propellant responsible for the fire was used as test substance. It was proved that with tests of this kind such a composition could have been detected as dangerous and incidents such as the fire mentioned above can therefore be prevented successfully.


Because several cases of profuse cerebrospinal fluid leakage (perilymph gushers) have been reported during stapedectomy for congenitally fixed stapes in children, many otologists advise against surgical intervention. The pathophysiologic mechanism of perilymph gusher and its association with congenital fixation of the stapes is, however, poorly understood. This retrospective study was designed to examine the preoperative presentation and hearing results of children undergoing stapedectomy for congenital fixation of the stapes. Stapedectomy was performed on 10 ears for this condition. No perilymph gushers or significant sensorineural hearing loss were encountered. All but one case resulted in closure of the air-bone gap at the speech frequencies to within 20 dB, with the average air-bone gap being 11.2 dB. Minor congenital abnormalities of the stapes superstructure were seen in three cases. A review of case reports in the literature would seem to indicate that the perilymph gusher in association with surgical manipulation of the congenitally fixed stapes occurs almost exclusively in males, and that the pathophysiology involves a defect in the internal auditory canal as opposed to a patent cochlear aqueduct. A pre-existing sensorineural hearing loss may also be a risk factor for perilymph gusher.


Gene variants that promote inflammation and cholesterol metabolism have been associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated a panel of relevant polymorphisms to distinguish genetic backgrounds for AMI and AD: IL10 -1082G/A, IL6 -174G/C, TNF -308G/A, IFNG +874T/A, SERPINA3 -51G/T, HMGCR -911C/A, APOE ε2/3/4 (280 AMI cases, 257 AD cases, and 1307 population controls, all Italian (presumed risk alleles are shown in bold). Six genetic risk sets I to VI were identified by fuzzy latent classification: I had low risk; II and III had low risk before age 65 (II, III); low risk sets lacked pro-inflammatory alleles for HMGCR-TNF-APOE. Pro-inflammatory alleles for SERPINA3-IL10-IFNG were found for high risk sets IV to VI. Set IV 'AMI < age 40, AD < age 65' included risk alleles for HMGCR. Set V 'AMI over a broad range of age' included risk alleles for TNF+IL6. Set VI 'AMI at ages 40 to 55, AD ages 65+' included APOE ε4. Close resemblance to the high risk sets, as indicated by membership scores close to one, defined high relative risks. We conclude that AMI and AD share genetic backgrounds involving cholesterol metabolism and the upregulation of inflammation and that gene-gene interactions in relevant sets of genes may be useful in defining inherited risk for common disorders.


I. The deaths from consumption in the United States, in the year 1880, numbered 91,551, almost one-eighth the entire mortality from all causes. This pregnant fact seems to furnish at once an incentive and excuse for the following endeavor to ascertain what definite relation there is, if any such exists, between this disease and certain climatic conditions in the United States. An obstacle is encountered at the very threshold of the inquiry in our defective system of registration. It must be admitted, in the first place, that many cases reported as consumption have no relation to that disease. It is also well known that many cases are not reported at all. The migratory character of a considerable body of the population—especially its westward flow—is also a disturbing element in a statistical study. And, finally, those regions, the climates of which have secured the reputation of being curative of consumption, have


Studying Law and Justice Studies courses at the University of Tasmania means you will benefit from decades of incredible legal expertise.


Aim. To study the psychological status of patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusistis (CPR). Materials and methods. Twenty seven patients with CPR aged 22 to 75 years were examined. The control group included 12 persons. Otorhinolaryngological status was assessed by VAS scale, anxiety and depression by CES-D scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), Speilberger-Hanin test, general health status by SAN questionnaire; asthenia MFI-20. "Statistica 8.0" program including descriptive statistics ( Me and Q ) and nonparametric methods (Mann-Whitney U-test) was used for processing of the obtained results. The differences were considered reliable with p nasal respiration was estimated as 3,0 (2,0; 3,0) scores; at discharge this index increased to 9,0 (8,0; 9,0) scores, the nasal discharge amount was 5,0 (3,0; 7,0) scores at admission to hospital and decreased to 3,0 (2,0; 4,0) scores at discharge from hospital. Depression median by CES-D scale at admission was 12,0 (9,0; 19,0), by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) 4,0 (3,0; 5,0) and 3,0 (1,0; 6,0), respectively. Elevated reactive anxiety according to Spielberger-Hanin test was detected in 35,29 % of patients, personal anxiety was increased in 41,18 % of patients. Clinically manifested asthenia was observed in 47 % of the examined patients using MFI-20 scale data. According to SAN, the overall indices median was at admittance 5,07 (4,2; 6,0), at discharge 5,87 (5,31; 6,31). Conclusions. Patients with CPR have mild depression, asthenization and worsened quality of life by SAN scale. General asthenic indices have a reliable correlation dependence on the nasal respiration. After treatment, patients' nasal respiration reliably improved, asthenia and SAN indices decreased.


China's Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) prohibits a dominant company from selling products at prices below cost without legitimate reasons.
Chinese antitrust agencies and courts have provided some signals as to how they will enforce the predatory pricing provision in the AML and similar provisions in other laws. For example, in 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) circulated for comments a draft regulation implementing aspects of the AML, including its predatory pricing provision.
However, all in all, the law on predatory pricing is still relatively undeveloped in China at this stage. As US and EU courts have long dealt with the fundamental questions raised by predatory pricing claims, we assess the existing and draft rules in China against the backdrop of US and EU jurisprudence. We focus in particular on four factors: existence of dominance/monopoly power; definition of the benchmark used in a cost test; injury to competition; and absence of pro-competitive justifications.


The rotational spectra of the unstable HCCCP molecule have been investigated in the millimeter-wave region for the main excited vibrational states which lie below 1000 cm(-1), namely nu(4) (C&bond;C stretch), nu(5) (HCC bend), nu(6) (CCC bend), nu(7) (CCP bend), 2nu(6), 2nu(7), 3nu(7), 4nu(7), nu(5) + nu(7), and nu(6) + nu(7). l-type resonance effects have been taken into account in the analysis of the spectra, so that the values of the anharmonicity constants x(L(66)), x(L(77)), x(L(57)), and x(L(67)) could be determined. The anharmonic interactions which couple the nu(4) state with nu(6) + nu(7), 2nu(6), and 4nu(7) have been also considered, yielding the unperturbed value of the alpha(4) vibration-rotation coupling constant. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.


Unsupervised visual representation learning offers the opportunity to leverage large corpora of unlabeled trajectories to form useful visual representations, which can benefit the training of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. However, evaluating the fitness of such representations requires training RL algorithms which is computationally intensive and has high variance outcomes. To alleviate this issue, we design an evaluation protocol for unsupervised RL representations with lower variance and up to 600x lower computational cost. Inspired by the vision community, we propose two linear probing tasks: predicting the reward observed in a given state, and predicting the action of an expert in a given state. These two tasks are generally applicable to many RL domains, and we show through rigorous experimentation that they correlate strongly with the actual downstream control performance on the Atari100k Benchmark. This provides a better method for exploring the space of pretraining algorithms without the need of running RL evaluations for every setting. Leveraging this framework, we further improve existing self-supervised learning (SSL) recipes for RL, highlighting the importance of the forward model, the size of the visual backbone, and the precise formulation of the unsupervised objective.


Objective: Ionized water aerosols have been suggested to exert beneficial health effects on pediatric allergic asthma. Their effectwas evaluated in a controlled randomized clinical trial as part of a summer asthma camp. Methods: Asthmatic allergic children (n=54) spent three weeks in an alpine asthma camp; half of the group was exposed to water aerosol for one hour per day, whereas the other half spent the same time at a "control site". Immunological analysis, lung function and FeNO testing was performed during the stay, and sustaining effects were evaluated after 2 months. Symptom score testing was done over a period of 140 days. Results: The water aerosol group showed a significant improvement in all lung function parameters whereas the control group only in peek expiratory flow. All patients showed significant improvement in symptom score and significant decrease of FeNO after the camp. Only the water aerosol group exhibited a long lasting effect on asthma symptoms, lung function and inflammation in the follow-up examination. Induction of IL-10 and regulatory (Treg) cells was measured in both groups, with a pronounced increase in the water aerosol group. IL-13 was significantly decreased in both groups, whereas IL-5 and eosinophil cationic protein were decreased only in the water aerosol group. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the induction of Treg cells and reduction of inflammation by climate therapy. They indicate a synergistic effect of water aerosols resulting in a long lasting beneficial effect on asthma symptoms, lung function and airway inflammation.


Data sets in the biological domain are often semantically complex and difficult to integrate and visualise. Converting between the file formats required by interactive analysis tools and those used by the global databases is a costly and error prone process. This paper describes a data model designed to enable efficient rendering of and interaction with biological data, and two demonstrator applications from different fields of protein analysis that provide co-ordinated views of data held in the underlying model


Background: There are many pregnancy complications that are significantly associated with the gender of the fetus; one of them is preterm labour, which is an important obstetric problem that may lead to many perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To find out whether there is a relation between the findings of placental pathology of premature deliveries and gender difference. Patients and Methods: Fifty deliveries before a 32 week gestational age. Obstetrical, and placental histological findings have been compared among all males (n=25), and females (n=25) premature neonates. Results: The male premature fetus had distribution rate in maternal age, gestation age at the time of delivery, placental weight, and feto-placental weight-ratio in females, but a higher birth-weight centile ([55.09±11.3] versus [43.09±8.2]). Histopathology of the placenta found no significant association of fetal-sex with acute inflammatory lesions (p=0.09), intra-placental vascular pathological findings, or utero-placental vascular pathology. However, the chronic inflammatory lesion showed a higher pathological score in male fetuses than in the females (p=0.01). Conclusion: Premature deliveries with less than thirty-two weeks, the male fetal-sex had higher placental pathological lesions, suggesting maternal immunological responses towards the invading trophoblasts. The immunological background of these pathological lesions needs further studies. Keywords: Male fetal sex, placental pathology, premature delivery


Graft replacement of an aneurysmal abdominal aorta and bypass grafting for aorto-iliac occlusive disease has proven effective since synthetic materials were introduced three decades ago. During the period 1978–1981, 584 patients underwent aortic reconstruction for aneurysmal or aorto-iliac occlusive disease. Two hundred fifty-four patients (43%) were operated for aneurysms while 330 (57%) patients had symptomatic aorto-iliac occlusive diseases. There were 508 (87%) men and 76 (13%) women. Associated disease was common, with 245 patients (42%) having arteriosclerotic heart disease, 291 (50%) hypertensive, 128 (22%) having manifestations of extracranial occlusive disease, and 50 (8.6%) having diabetes mellitus. Sixty-four (10%) patients in this series had coronary revas-cularization prior to their aortic graft. One hundred five (17.9%) carotid endarterectomies had been performed previously or immediately prior to aortic grafting. Distal reconstructive operations had been performed in 106 patients (18%). Renal or mesenteric revascularizations were performed con-comitantly in 87 and eight patients, respectively. One hundred two femoral reconstructions or distal bypasses were also performed to assure adequate outflow. Thirteen (2.27%) deaths occurred during the first 30 days. Cardiac problems accounted for eight of these deaths. Graft occlusion occurred in the immediate postoperative period in four (0.4%) limbs. During the follow-up, an additional seven limbs (1.04%) have occluded. There have been no other complications associated with the grafts during the follow-up period. Results in this series affirm the authors1 strong commitment to direct aortic reconstruction.


One of the major current developments in outdoor robotic aims at providing vehicles with automatic guidance capabilities. Such systems need a localization module to work. However, indoor localization methods are not directly usable in outdoor due to noise and the dynamic aspect of these environments. In this paper, we propose an original active localization system relying on sensors fusion able to supply an accurate position with a high confidence level. The main contributions of this work are: (1) The introduction of the "perceptive triplet" notion that associates landmarks, sensors and detectors to supervise the detections. (2) The use of a supervisor that determines at each time which landmark, with which sensor and detector, should be used to detect this landmark in order to improve the localization. The supervisor constitutes the intelligent part of this localization system. It decides when it's necessary to detect a landmark. (3) The integration of a confidence level over the vehicle's pose estimation that permits to take wrong matching hypothesis into account. Our system was tested in an outdoor environment, where it succeeded in accurately localizing the vehicle during automatic guidance.


The efforts at decreasing MMR should be done by integrating several related programs from the beginning of pregnancy, childbirth, childbed, infant, toddler and couples of childbearing age. The occurrence of maternal and neonatal death depends on the speed and accuracy of the action when the emergency occurs. The presence of Public Health Center capable of PONED is one of the answers to close community access toward to midwife and newborn care to prevent complication and or get first service when emergency obstetric and newborn emergency condition with service requirement fulfill adequate service standard. Maternal Woman class is group studying pregnant mothers with gestational age between 20 weeks to 32 weeks (before childbirth) with maximum number of participants 10 people. In this class, pregnant women will learn together, discuss and exchange experiences about mother and child health as a whole and systematically and can be carried out on a scheduled and continuous basis. The purpose of this research is to know the monitoring and evaluation the implementation of pregnant class at PONED Public Health Center at working area of Banjarnegara Regency.  The purpose of this research is to know the monitoring and evaluation of pregnant class implementation in PONED Public Health Center at work area of Banjarnegara Regency. The indicator of maternal class success consists of 3 things: input indicators, process indicators and out put indicators. The result of the research is 1). All (100%) Pregnant women have Maternal Children Health books. 2). Most of them (92%) K4 100% which means it has met the target. Only 1 Public Health Center (8%) alone have not met the target because only (79.7%). 3). All (100%) Pregnant women who fill P4K. 4). Most (92%) all (100%) pregnant women are pregnant women who get Fe tablets. Only 1 Public Health Center (8%) are not all (84.1%) pregnant women in pregnant women who get Fe tablets. 5). Most (85%) of all (100%) pregnant women are pregnant mothers who choose delivery help to health personnel either at Public Health Center, maternity clinic or hospital. There are still 2 Public Health Center (15%) which not all (98,9% and 97,2%) pregnant mother of pregnant class participant who choose delivery aid to health worker either at Public Health Center, birthing clinic or hospital. 6). Most (92%) of all (100%) pregnant women of pregnant class participants carry out the KN completely. Only 1 Public Health Center (8%) are not all (98,7%) pregnant mother of pregnant class participant carry out KN completely. 7). There are (77%) of all (100%) of babies born to pregnant women in pregnant mothers class by IMD. There are still 3 puskesmas (23%) which are not all (98,7%, 85% and 53,78%) of babies born by pregnant mother pregnant class participant is done IMD. 8). There are (61%) Public Health Center involving less than 10 cadres in the class of pregnant women and there are (39%) Public Health Center involving less than 10 cadres in the class of pregnant women. Keywords: Indicator Out put class of pregnant women


The proposed article focuses on the emergence and renewal of the lexical composition of the modern Ukrainian language during the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, considers the process of emergence of new complex units, the dynamics of their semantics and their acquisition of new meanings; the appearance of new complex words related to the spread of coronavirus disease and its impact on the linguistic situation in modern newspaper discourse identified trends in their activation. The widespread spread of the disease is reflected not only in medicine and all social spheres, but also in the lexical structure of many languages, including Ukrainian. The purpose of our article is to consider the current changes in complex innovations in the Ukrainian newspaper discourse caused by the new social conditions of existence during the pandemic; to study the origin and functioning of the tokens Covid and coronavirus, to analyze the thematic range and the corresponding communicative and pragmatic potential of complex innovations related to the coverage of Covid-19. The object of the study is complex words represented in the texts of modern newspaper discourse during the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. The subject of the study is the communicative and pragmatic features of complex words (based on Ukrainian newspaper texts), the spread of which is associated with the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. It is established that the most common among the complex innovations in the newspaper discourse of this period are the tokens COVID-19, coronavirus, which became a source of widespread creation of new complex words from them. Chronologically, the article covers the period from early 2020 to the first half of 2021.


Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review the contemporary literature comparing CABG and PCI in diabetic patients providing an up-to-date perspective on the differences between the interventions. Background: Diabetes is common and diabetic patients are at a 2-to-4-fold increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. Approximately 75% of diabetic patients die of cardiovascular disease. Previous literature has identified CABG as superior to PCI for revascularization in diabetic patients with complex coronary artery diseas. Methods: PubMed and Medline were systematically searched for articles published from January 1, 2015 to April 15, 2021. This systematic review included all retrospective, prospective, and randomized trial studies comparing CABG and PCI in diabetic patients. 1552 abstracts were reviewed and 25 studies were included in this review. The data was analyzed using the RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Diabetic patients undergoing CABG experienced significantly reduced rates of 5-year mortality, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, myocardial infarction, and required repeat revascularization. Patients who underwent PCI experienced improved rates of stroke that trended toward significance. Conclusions: Previous literature regarding coronary revascularization in diabetic patients has consistently demonstrated superior outcomes for patients undergoing CABG over PCI. The development of 1st and 2nd generation DES have narrowed the gap between CABG and PCI, but CABG continues to be superior. Continued investigation with large randomized trials and retrospective studies including long term follow-up comparing CABG and 2nd generation DES is necessary to confirm the optimal intervention for diabetic patients.