Monumental Ship-Settings in Denmark and ScaniaThis paper, based on the author's thesis, evolved from an attempt to determine the age, function, background and symbolism of seemingly grave-less monumental ship-settings – i.e. ship-settings with a length of at least 40 metres and constructed from large standing stones. The monumental ship-settings examined in this paper are (or were) located at Vejerslev, Jelling, Bække, Glavendrup, Lejre and Tryggevælde in present-day Denmark and at Södra Ugglarp, Kåseberga, Torup, Färlöv and Ljungarum in present–day Scania (figs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 and 9).The archaeological evidence and scientific dates suggest that monumental ship-settings in Denmark were erected in the period leading up to the conversion to Christianity – approximately AD 900-970. The corresponding sites in Scania could very well be contemporary but some may be slightly older, and some may even date back to the Bronze Age. This uncertainty is due to the fact that the Scanian examples can only be dated typologically or by radiocarbon . Both methods are fairly inaccurate.Most of the smaller ship-settings contain graves, predominantly cremation graves, whereas the monumental ship-settings often to not contain graves and gravegoods. Based on the lack of grave-related finds in monumental ship-settings, this paper reaches the conclusion that it is not possible to demonstrate that monumental ship-settings served as monumental tombs. However, several of the monumental ship-settings have been disturbed in numerous ways and a number of them could theoretically have contained graves which are no longer detectable. It is also possible that the monuments may originally have contained graves, which were later destroyed or removed by the deceased's Christian descendants in connection with a new Christian burial of the deceased. However it is emphasized that, on the basis of the archaeological evidence, it can not be concluded that monumental ship-settings are monumental graves. Their great dimensions and the siting of monumental ship-settings on high ground and near main transport routes, indicate that these monuments were intended to be seen and admired. At Jelling and Lejre, the locations of known royal and cultic centres coincide with monumental ship-settings (the archaeological and topographical observations made in this article are shown in figure 5). This situation, and the occasional direct connection with rune-stones mentioning kings, warriors and heathen priests, seems to link monumental ship-settings to an upper class or social elite who were probably also responsible for leading the cult. It is therefore concluded that monumental ship-settings were probably erected by an aristocracy or social elite. The monuments often contain postholes, fireplaces and burnt animal bones and it is suggested that they functioned as a cultic site associated with a pre-Christian Norse fertility cult.The seemingly grave-less monumental ship-settings have, on several occasions, been interpreted as cenotaphs – i.e. commemorative monuments constructed in remembrance of a deceased person but without a grave. As no definite graves have been found in monumental ship-settings (except from at Lejre) this theory is plausible even though it seems a little too "simple". Commemorative rune-stones (fig. 3 and 8), associated with some of the Danish monumental ship-settings, can be seen as lending support to the cenotaph theory. It cannot therefore be entirely refuted and it seems probable that monumental ship-settings served, in part, as cenotaphs and commemorative monuments in remembrance of a master builder and his family.As these monuments were erected in the period leading up to southern Scandinavia becoming Christian, it is suggested that they should be understood as a means of securing and underlining a sense of heathen Norse identity at a time of political and religious change. It is stressed that the ship as a symbol can be perceived as the ship Skiðblaðnir and, accordingly, an attribute of the fertility god Freyr. The ship symbolism could very well be seen as a means of demonstrating opposition to the Christian cross and Christianity. Some of the monumental ship-settings include stones decorated with cup marks – allegedly Bronze Age holy symbols – and some are physically linked to Bronze Age barrows. This obvious reuse can be seen as an attempt to stress links with the past in a sort of heathen renaissance shortly before or during the process of conversion to Christianity.Finally it is suggested that the ship symbol, in the form of a monumental ship-setting, could also have been used by a master builder as a means of claiming royal and divine descent and thus underlining his legitimacy as a ruler and leader of the cult – assuming that the ship symbol is interpreted as the mark of Freyr or Odin.Felix VestergaardHorsens Museum


Changes in serum protein levels are produced by oral contraceptives. They reflect hepatic synthesis of proteins. Changes range from a 40% decrease in orosomucoid to an 180% increase in ceruloplasmin. Alterations in the concentration of some globulin proteins lead to altered serum levels of some hormones and trace metals. Plasma levels of cortisol and thyroxine are most affected. An estrogen-induced increase in thyroxine-binding globulin causes a transient reduction in free thyroxine (T4). This results in a compensatory increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone. The net effect is an unchanged concentration of T4 and the patient may be reported as euthyr id. Increases in renin substrate with rise in renin activity, angiotensin 2, and aldosterone, may be related to the development of hypertension in some women. Oral contraceptives may cause significant increases in some lipids. Elevations in cholesterol and nonesterified fatty acids are less changed. The drug-induced changes can complicate a definite diagnosis of hyperlipidemia. The glucose tolerance curve in users of oral contraceptives may simulate the diabetic type. Hepatic function tests may suggest hepatic damage. There is a higher incidence of cholecystitis and gallstones in women using oral contraceptives. Blood coagulation tests may be modified. Drug interference from oral contraceptive use must be considered in interpreting laboratory reports.


Cerebral ischemia is a frequent and dangerous consequence of some cerebrovascular diseases. Ischaemia may be used also electively in the course of neurosurgery. Therefore new possible ways are sought how to reduce the danger of ischaemia or to prevent it. In the submitted paper some methods of neuroprotection are described and their potential or actual applicability in clinical neurosurgery are discussed. In addition to influencing the brain cell and pretentious methods in the sphere of molecular biology and genetics the induction of systemic hypertension supplemented alternatively by other methods such as hypothermia, the use of mannitol, haemodilution and hypervolaemia seem natural. A higher blood pressure helps to make leptomeningeal and cortical anastomoses patent and strengthens the collateral circulation from marginal zones of ischaemia, penumbra to the ischaemic centre and to prevent thus cerebral infarction.


This paper aims to confirm the importance of BSC (Balanced Scorecard) in SMEs' organizational performance. To perform the empirical study of this investigation, a field study, namely a qualitative approach, Multi Case Study was selected and developed in two small and medium organizations (SMEs) in the wine sector. One of the organizations, had the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) implemented while the other did not, which made it possible to ascertain the existing differences among SMEs that apply and those that do not apply BSC. The results showed that BSC has impact on business success. SMEs benefit from the implementation of BSC, consequently SMEs were encouraged to adopt it based on the benefits in terms of performance and measurement of strategic objectives. This study reflects that BSC has been a discussion and research topic over the last few years as it leverages business. Managers seek appropriate BSC tools to implement indicators and monitor these in accordance with the global organizational strategy. Besides BSC provides managers with relevant information to take decisions, define action plans and achieve the whole organizational control.


The Authors, after emphasizing melanoma still now represents one of the most aggressive malignant tumours, state the chemoimmunotherapeutic protocol they used in the treatment of this neoplasm. Then, on the basis of the results obtained, they affirm that, although malignant melanoma is considered from long time as a scarcely chemosensitive neoplasm, remarkable advantages can be got through the use of monochemotherapy, especially in association pith the immunotherapy. In fact, by associating both protocols, chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic a significant improvement in the prognosis of such neoplasm was obtained, as to both the indices of survival and the gap free from illness.


The inhibition potential of four Quinoxaline derivatives namely 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3dione, (3E)-3-hydrazinylidene-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 1-[(2E)-3-oxo-3,4dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ylidene]urea and 1-[(2E)-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)ylidene]thiourea have been investigated against mild steel in 1M H 2 SO 4 solution using conventional weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The percentage inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in the inhibitor concentration due to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. In addition, it was established that the adsorption follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, some thermodynamic data were calculated and discussed. The density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) basis set level was performed for two inhibitors namely 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline2,3-dione and (3E)-3-hydrazinylidene-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. The quantum chemical parameters such as highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EHOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E LUMO ), energy gap (E), dipole moment (µ), softness (), hardness (), electronegativity (), Mulliken atomic charges, the fraction of electrons transferred from the inhibitor to the metal surface (N) and the total energy (TE) have been calculated for these compounds. It was found that theoretical data support the experimental results.


XML is a global standard for the Internet and e-business, and its use is growing in proportion to the spreading speed of e-commerce. Thus, a policy for providing a safer security service for exchanging e-documents within e-commerce is necessary. XKMS (XML key management specification), one of XML's security specifications, defines the protocol for distributing and registering public keys for verifying digital signatures and enciphering e-documents of e-commerce applications with various and complicated functions. This paper presents an XKMS-based key management system architecture and a service model using Java crypto technologies and XML security mechanisms.


The number of ad-nilpotent ideals of the Borel subalgebra of the classical Lie algebra of type B_n is determined using combinatorial arguments involving a generalization of Dyck-paths. We also solve a similar problem for the untwisted affine Lie algebra of type ~B_n, where we instead enumerate a certain class of ideals called basic ideals. This leads to an explicit formula for the number of basic ideals in ~B_n, which gives rise to a new integer sequence.


*Mike Kirkby, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.*Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com. INTRODUCTION I am honored and pleased to have been invited to speak here in one of the leading international centers for soil erosion research. Let me begin by telling you a little about my own research strategy and background, which tells you some of my credentials for speaking to you, and also explains some of my particular point of view on these issues. Soil erosion is a global problem, as is plainly recognized in the title of this conference. I understand the term "Soil Conservation" in the title of ISCO as the obverse of the term "Desertification" which is essentially about degradation of global soil resources. For the last ten years, I have been primarily involved in the MEDALUS project, on Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use, which has been funded by a series of European Union Research Grants to a partnership involving nine countries and over 30 research groups, and which has been led by John Thornes, of King's College, London (Thornes & Brandt, 1996). My own work is concerned primarily with modeling, but I have benefited enormously from the experience of working with a wide range of colleagues, which includes many laboratory and field scientists working in semi-arid environments During our research, we have been progressively urged to raise our objectives from the study of detailed processes to more regional perspectives, where there is a greater relevance to policy issues, and to address the questions in the context of current and future global climate and land use changes. This has led us to move on from the detailed studies and models of soil erosion processes on a single event or short-term basis on which our own experience and much of the literature is based. We have been stimulated to look at time scales of 10-100 years, and at areas going up to 100's or 1000's of square kilometers, and then to at least the whole of Europe. The coarse scale drivers include the UN Convention on Combating Desertification (UNCCD), which is being translated into Desertification Action Plans in most Mediterranean countries (among others); and the European Common Agricultural Policy, which is currently leading to widespread re-modeling of landscapes in Spain and Italy to harvest subsidies from unsuitable land, and in some cases destroy more sustainable traditional styles of land use. Soil degradation is clearly one possible end product of an interacting set of socio-economic and physical drivers (Figure 1). In principle, policy should be driven by an identification of the intended goals, associated with research into how best to influence those goals, but in practice the history of soil conservation world-wide shows that the political process rarely operates in this way, and that even well chosen policies generally have many unintended sideeffects. Policy, Market and Social Environment Physical Properties of the Environment Climate


Estimation and optimization of machine efficiency in the case of multi machine assignments is a difficult issue for some industries such as textile industry, due to the machine interference. Although the problem is not new, the solutions proposed are not full satisfactory. For example, the analytical formulas are not suitable for high number of machines; queuing theory approaches are complex and impractical for mill managers. On the other hand, simulation methodology seems to be a perfect tool to estimate and analyze; however, the simulation package programs are expensive and are not suitable for systematic optimization. In this paper, Duncan's economic control chart design methodology is proposed as an alternative way for one of the oldest industrial problems. This study shows that this new approach is a more efficient solution to this stochastic problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A first site comprises a first ISP, a first server and a first router interposed between the first ISP and the first server. A second site comprises a second ISP, a second server and a second router interposed between the second ISP and the second server. While the second server is operating, both the first and second routers broadcast announcements of an IP address of the second server. The announcements of the IP address broadcast by the first router indicate the first router as a less preferred route to the IP address than the announcements of the IP address by the second router indicating the second router as a route to the IP address. Consequently, packets addressed to the IP address are routed to the second server via the second ISP and the second router. Subsequently, the second site fails, and concurrently, the second router ceases to broadcast announcements of the IP address of the second site and the first router continues to broadcast announcements of the IP address of the second site. Consequently, subsequent packets addressed to the IP address are routed to the first server via the first ISP and the first router, bypassing the second ISP. A semiautomatic technique is also disclosed.


Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield machines are considered to be the most efficient tunneling method for Metro tunnels due to their adaptability to a great variety of ground conditions, higher construction efficiency, and providing a safer working environment. There are many guidelines available for EPB shield machine selection. However, these guidelines are very general and cannot be used directly for an upcoming project. This paper takes Chengdu Metro Line 6 in China as the engineering background; the studied area is typical of a water-rich sandy and cobble stratum with high content of cobble. Three types of EPBs in the two continuous intervals exhibit significant differences in performance and encounter many difficulties such as wear of the cutter disc and tools, clogging, and severe surface settlement during the operation. These difficulties prevent the construction efficiency, increase the cost of the project, and cause delays in construction period. The causes of these difficulties are summarized by recording and comparing the operational parameters of the three types of EPBs. These parameters that are summarized include the advance rate, total thrust, torque, and the rate of rotation of the cutter-head. In addition, the surface settlements are also compared. The results indicate that the opening rate, maximum opening size, and the opening position of the cutter-head are key factors that affected the geological adaptability of the shield machine in water-rich sandy and cobble strata. Among the three factors, the maximum opening size and opening position are the most important factors influencing the strata adaptability of the cutter-head. To avoid frequent jams of the cutter-head, the maximum torque should be not less than 6,500 kNm. The maximum opening size should not be less than 420 mm × 420 mm. The effect of increasing the central opening of the cutter-head is that large cobbles and boulders can be discharged through the central opening when they cannot be discharged through the opening near the original position of the cobbles and boulders. This paper provides specific guidance on the selection of cutter-head for shield machines in water-rich sandy and cobble strata.


The work describes useful approaches to applying the Internet in electrical metrology and calibration. The work comprises several approaches to Internet-enabled metrology, including running remote measurements and remotely operating instruments. The author proposes new ways of developing Internetenabled instrumentation systems, focusing on increasing the availability while preserving the security.


Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of horticultural therapy on depressive symptoms in the elderly and determine the potential moderators of the intervention effect. Methods In early June 2022, randomized controlled trials and Quasi-experimental studies were searched on Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, CNKI, WANFANG DATA, and CQVIP. Three independent authors proposed the following inclusion criterion for this study: the elderly with applied horticultural therapy intervention compared to non-HT intervention. From a total of 3,068 records, only 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. After the full-text screening, 13 studies were included in the analysis. An assessment of the risk of bias was conducted using RoBINS-I and RoB 2 tools. The comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.3 tool was used for the meta-analysis. Results Meta-analysis suggested that mean depression scores of elderly people who underwent horticultural therapy intervention were significantly lower than those who did not receive HT therapy. More significant effects were found for the elderly with mean age equal to or over 75 years instead of younger than 75 years, in randomized controlled trials instead of quasi-experimental studies, for studies with more than 20 participants receiving horticultural therapy at the same time and place instead of equal to or fewer than 20 horticultural therapy participants. Conclusions This evidence supported that horticultural therapy had a significant positive effect on the depressive symptoms outcomes for the elderly. Therefore, our data revealed that horticultural therapy could be considered as a part of therapy in depressive symptoms reduction programs. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity and the limited number of studies, a future review is warranted to determine the effects of horticultural therapy on depressive symptoms reduction in the elderly. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=272464, identifier: CRD42021272464.


There are growing lines of evidence addressing the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that catalyzes various biological reactions rapidly, methodically, exhaustively, and unidirectionally. UPS is responsible for a diverse array of biologically important cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression, signaling cascades and developmental programs. This system is also involved in the protein quality control, which maintains the homeostasis of the cell. Of particular interest is that UPS provides a clue for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying various neurodegenerative diseases. In the last decade, we witnessed a tremendous progress in uncovering the mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Of the several genes that can cause familial PD, parkin, the causative gene of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP), is of a special interest because it encodes an ubiquitin-protein ligase, which covalently attaches ubiquitin to target proteins, designating them for destruction by the proteasome (a eukaryotic ATP-dependent protease complex). This review summarizes recent studies on the UPS pathway with a special reference to parkin, focusing on how parkin is linked to the pathogenesis of AR-JP.


The accurate determination of the free nicotine content in tobacco is of great importance for the quality assessment of tobacco leaves and cigarettes, as well as for the study of tar reduction and cigarette formulation. A method based on solvent extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was established for direct determination of free nicotine content in tobacco. Free nicotine extraction from tobacco was optimized, using different solvents and physical techniques (shaking, ultrasonic oscillation, and static extraction). Ultimately, a 24 h static extraction with cyclohexane, followed by GC–MS analysis, gave superior results. The standard addition recovery was 98.0–104.7%, with a limit of detection of 5.3 μg/g and a relative standard deviation between 1.3 and 4.1% (n = 5). Quadratic regression of the standard curve was excellent (R2 ≥ 0.9994). The free nicotine content was determined in 67 tobacco samples, with parallel samples showing relative deviations of 0.1–3.1%. To evaluate the effect of nicotine salts present in tobacco, malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and nicotine citrate were spiked into samples prior to extraction and analysis. The results show no interference from bound nicotine compounds on the method. The experimental results show that direct determination of free nicotine in tobacco was achieved using a simple static cyclohexane extraction. Moreover, the high extraction efficiency of free nicotine was also achieved with ease of operation and good repeatability.


The CNA was conducted with overall objective of collecting information about
tourism activities especially that deals with beach boys' tourism activities in Pwani
Mchangani Unguja Zanzibar, this area assisted to identify the different problems
that faces in that community but the Project ranking the problem and emerged with a
single one to form the CAN project . The community of Pwani Mchangani havegot
opportunity of tourism sectors that available within the area. The problem of the
society was lack of knowledge on how to use the resources for their benefits and
government in general. For that, the project provides knowledge of Entrepreneurship,
financial and cooperative to the special group so as to make the resources available
to be useful to their development. This knowledge helps them to control well how to
operate the resources and project. The project provides different trains on how to
operate the business such as entrepreneurial knowledge and cooperation skills which
are more usefully to their daily activities and also advertize the project so as the
society to be aware of the project internal and external. The project provide unity and
solidarity to the members so as to be as single body and working together in order to
obtain good team work in the cooperation. Empower youth so as to reduce
dependence ratios of the government as well as from their family so as to increase
the income to the government. To provide formality in the cooperation on operation
in order to obtain many opportunities and to reduce obstacles from to be informality.
Also more impacts will be appeared due to the project implementation. Providing
skills and knowledge to the youth. Improving standards of living to the youth. Giving
employment to the youth Promoting safe and qualities services to the tourists
Reducing crime from the youth.


Complex estimation of the state of the lungs at the postperfusion and early postoperative periods based on roentgenological, clinical data, investigations of the parameters of oxygenation and mechanics of respiration was carried out in 32 children with septal defects of the heart, operated upon under conditions of artificial blood circulation with different kinds of the transfusion maintenance including the apparatus "Cell Saver 5" (CS) for the reinfusion of autoerythrocytes. The dynamics of endotoxicosis, hematological parameters during and after operation and requirements in transfusion media were studied. Differences in these indicators were established between the patients operated upon with the use of donor hemocomponents and those who were operated upon with CS. It allowed a conclusion about the role of the method of intraoperative reinfusion of erythrocytes in substantially less frequency and severity of the postperfusional pulmonary complications in this category of patients.


To the Editor. —An article published by Haynes and Walker 1 in the July 1987 issue of theArchivesprovides for a timely appraisal of studies to date on the efficacy of computer systems in aiding in the clinical management of patients. I believe, however, that the authors place too much emphasis on clinical outcome as the raison d'etre of clinical support systems. As pointed out, the majority of the reliable studies were conducted in outpatient settings. The current interest in integrated hospital systems will provide a different emphasis on what is perceived as a beneficial outcome. As hospital administrations feel more the financial pinch of Medicare payments based on diagnosis related groups (the corollary in Canada being global hospital budgets), a new form of cooperation must inevitably evolve where clinicians are, through hospital systems, made cost-aware of their proposed diagnostic and therapeutic protocols at the time of order entry,


Construction management courses are currently mostly based on frontal lectures, homework and exams – where the exams comprise of questions similar to the ones that the professor showed in the lectures & later the student is asked to solve at home. In practice, construction engineers are required to be able to quickly resolve unstructured complex problems, under conditions of uncertainty, by finding, collecting and integrating information from different sources and providing creative solutions. We propose that a learning-centered approach to the education of the construction management student, in which s/he is confronted with the need to find solutions for such complex problems, and to identify the relevant data, will better prepare the future engineer for the profession. Moreover, the students have to be exposed to the fact that there is more than one correct solution and none of the solutions is perfect. Ethical dilemmas in particular may require construction managers to resolve problems for which they cannot rely on simple formulas. An elective course in construction management, which has been developed over the past four years, in which these principles have been incorporated, will be described.


Direct-fired super-critical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles, are a potential method for efficiently capturing nearly all of the CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels. Direct-fired sCO2 cycles require a very high degree of recuperation, which in turn means that the inlet temperature to the combustor is significantly higher than would typically be seen in a similar gas turbine combustors. Previous efforts have shown that combustor inlet temperatures of around 700 °C are to be expected for a cycle with around 1200 °C combustor exit temperatures [1]. This high inlet temperature means that bypass gasses are extremely hot, which poses some difficulties for the design of the combustion system, especially thermal management of the combustor liner and injectors in the 200 bar sCO2 environment.
 The project team led by Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) is in the process of building a 1 MW scale direct-fired combustor. This paper will detail some of the design challenges and obstacles associated with designing a direct-fired sCO2 combustor. These obstacles include thermal management of fuel and oxygen streams, oxygen safety, and combustor cooling. This paper will focus on many of the design questions necessary for the design of a direct-fired sCO2 combustor. This work presents computational modeling details of the actual 1 MW geometry currently being built.


Objectives Gerotranscendence is defined as a transition from a materialistic and rationalistic perspective to a more cosmic and transcendent view of life accompanying the aging process. Would gerotranscendence levels still increase in later life? The current prospective study investigates 10-year trajectories of cosmic transcendence (a core dimension of gerotranscendence). Methods Four interview cycles of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with 3-year intervals from 1995 to 2006 provide data on cosmic transcendence, demographics (ages 57–85), religiousness, health, sense of mastery, and humor coping. Data are available for 2,257 respondents and 1,533 respondents in multivariate models. Results Latent Class Growth Analysis shows three course trajectories of cosmic transcendence: stable high, intermediate with a decrease, and stable low. Higher levels are predicted by age, importance of prayer, Roman Catholic affiliation, a low sense of mastery, higher cognitive ability, and humor coping. Similar results were obtained for the respondents who died during the study (N = 378). Discussion Although levels of cosmic transcendence do not show much change during 10 years of follow-up, the oldest respondents nonetheless attain the highest cosmic transcendence levels. An inclination toward relativism and contemplation may facilitate cosmic transcendence. However, lower cognitive ability probably impairs the development toward cosmic transcendence.


Ordered nanofiber arrays are a promising material platform for artificial adhesive structures, tissue engineering, wound dressing, sensor arrays, and self-cleaning surfaces. Their production via self-ordered porous alumina hard templates serving as shape-defining molds is well-established. However, their release requires the destruction of the hard templates, the fabrication of which is costly and time-consuming, by wet-chemical etching steps with acids or bases. We report the nondestructive mechanical extraction of arrays of cross-linked polyacrylate nanofibers from thus recyclable self-ordered nanoporous alumina hard templates. Silica replicas of the latter were synthesized using the extricated nanofiber arrays as secondary molds that could be mechanically detached from the molded material. The approach reported here, which can be combined with microstructuring, may pave the way for the high-throughput production of both functional nanofiber arrays and ordered nanoporous membranes consisting of a broad range of material systems.


The aim of this paper is to provide answers to some questions of the archaeologists and leaders of cultural heritage agencies in charge of structures affected by structural problems and instabilities with emphasis on the Arles roman aqueduct in the South of France. The modeling is performed with NSCD discrete element method. The 3D geometric decomposition of the two structures is realistic and is obtained by a conversion from (DXF) CAO format to LMGC90 discrete element code which is dealing with the NSCD method. A comparison with continuous modeling shows the unique possibilities of discrete modeling to account for observed failure phenomena on the real structures.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


In this paper, I first address what medical students learn about appropriate (or tolerated) professional attitudes and emotions in the clinical context and how  the performance of emotional positions that create distance between doctor and patient and the defining of patients as other is encouraged through the informal and hidden curricula. Next, I examine what we know about medical students' emotions. I then identify particular problematic emotional attitudes that can emerge in medical students toward patients, especially vulnerable patients who are marginalized or stigmatized in the healthcare system. To better understand this phenomenon, I discuss how such emotions emerge in response to both intrapsychic and systemic pressures. The paper then examines alternative models of healthcare that prioritize connection and solidarity with patients, considers how concepts such as emotional intelligence and emotional regulation may be pertinent in the training of future physicians and notes the relevance of such models and concepts to curricular innovation.


Atherosclerosis is a progressive, chronic inflammation in artery walls. Oxidized low density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation. ox-LDL are taken up by macrophages mainly through scavenger receptors, among which CD36 is considered to be the most important. Animal studies have shown that crossing atherogenic mice with a strain lacking the expression of CD36 prevented the development of atherosclerosis despite a diet rich in saturated LCFA. In humans, autopsy studies performed in obese patients have demonstrated increased expression of CD36 receptor on macrophages, comprised within atherosclerotic plaques. Until recently it had been believed that CD36 is a major player in atherosclerosis progression in humans. However, recent studies challenge this conviction, showing increased incidence of coronary heart disease in the subgroup of patients with decreased expression of CD36. This article reviews the role of CD36 receptor in the development of atherosclerosis. The authors also discuss current possibilities to interfere with CD36, their potential benefits and hazards.


Because of his lack of native-speaker intuition for the target language, the theme translator requires of the general bilingual dictionary much more explicit lexical information than does his version counterpart. On the basis of a study of lexical errors made by theme translation students, we examine the weaknesses of the general bilingual dictionary for theme, and relate these to either a non-observance of lexicographic principles, or to a lack of such principles. Finally, we propose three teaching strategies to help theme translation students deal with the general bilingual dictionary.


Jerusalem is today a city very much embroiled in conflict, considered a holy site by Jews, Christians, and Muslims. In order to understand its contemporary state, a survey of its long, complex history is essential. In The History of Jerusalem: The Early Islamic Period (638- 1099), Joshua Prawer has compiled pieces examining the political, social and intellectual history of Jerusalem, along with its art history, literature, numismatics, and geography of that period. Illustrated with color and black-and-white photographs, drawings, figures, and maps, The History of Jerusalem provides a window on a crucial period in Jerusalem's history. Each of the thirteen chapters, written by some of Israel's leading medievalists, is a succinct mis au point of contemporary scholarship on its given subject. At last available in English, The History of Jerusalem: The Early Muslim Period (638-1099) will be released in conjunction with the 3000th anniversary of King David's reign.


Cryo-TEM and atmospheric SEM (ASEM) have enabled direct observation of protein molecules, cells, and tissues in hydrophilic environments. By using cryo-TEM, we have determined the conformation of receptors and ion channels in thin ice layer under vacuum. For the observation in water, we have developed the ASEM. The resolution near the SiN fi lm is 8 nm. The detachable specimen dish can hold a few ml liquid, and allows various types of cells to be cultured in a stable environment, e.g. , in a CO 2 incubator. The fi lm surface has glass-like nature, and can be coated variously, which allows di ff erent types of cells to be cultured, including primary neurons. The system is an e ffi cient immuno-electron microscope, because antigenicity is protected in hydrophilic environments. Using this system, the distributions of proteins in cells are determined at high resolution, and the time and e ff ort required for these experiments are comparable with those for immuno- fl uorescence optical microscopy. This system was applied to microbes, bacterial bio fi lm, host-microbe interactions and neurons, as well as various tissues including glands e.g. the islet of Langerhans in pancreas and blood cells in the capillaries, and further to cancer metastases.


In civil aviation ground deicing system, the traditional reciprocating pump is often used as the power supply device to ensure the physical and chemical properties of high viscosity deicing fluid. The traditional reciprocating pump exist the problem of flow fluctuation. A new horizontal space multiphase crankshaft pump is proposed to suppress the flow fluctuation. The new type of pump adopts segmented crankshaft: each crank pin on the crankshaft drives two connecting rods simultaneously. The connecting rod drives the pistons distributed on both sides of the crankshaft to achieve linear reciprocating motion. Three sections of the crank pin are arranged by 120° phase space circular, and this kind of crankshaft implements multiple phase coupling of piston movement. The hydraulic cylinder adopts the horizontal layout, so the machine structure presents spatial symmetry. A mathematical model of two connecting rods driven by crankpin is established for the new type of pump. The kinematics equation of the piston is solved by the analytical method and then the flow rate of the pump is calculated. In contrast with the experimental data, the new pump can effectively reduce the flow fluctuation.


Pancreaticoduodenectomy, or Whipple procedure, is a high-risk surgical procedure commonly performed for tumors of the pancreatic head. The pancreatico-enteric anastomosis is an important component of this procedure. The maturation and adequate healing of this anastomotic site is critical to decrease the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. The use of stents can help in the healing of this anastomotic site. We present a patient with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, and presented with progressively worsening lumbar pain 7 years later. The patient was found to have osteomyelitis as a complication from an entero-spinal fistula secondary to a migrated pediatric feeding tube that was placed at the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, illustrate and explore the use of process recording as a pedagogical tool in behavioural ethics education.

Design/methodology/approach
An overview of the nature and components of process recording as a pedagogical tool is provided. Potential challenges and benefits associated with its use are described. The particular relevance of process recording for behavioural ethics education is highlighted. Illustrative examples of ethics-related process records are discussed.

Findings
Process recording shows promise as a pedagogical technique for meeting three goals of behavioural ethics education (i.e. Chugh and Kern, 2016). These include: enhancing literacy with research-supported concepts and principles such that these can be applied in "real-world" settings; increasing student awareness of gaps that might exist between their intended and actual ethical behaviour; and, fostering the sense that ethical skills are not static, but rather, open to development.

Research limitations/implications
This paper introduces, illustrates and explores the use of process recording in behavioural ethics education. Additional, more systematic study of process recording in ethics education would be useful.

Practical implications
Process recording shows promise as a tool for supporting learning about behavioural ethics. Practical information on its use and concrete examples are provided.

Originality/value
Despite the need for pedagogical tools in behavioural ethics education, as well as the previously identified relevance of process recording as a potential tool in ethics education, there has been no prior exploration or illustration of process recording within this realm.


In the ever-changing maritime shipping industry, ports, and more specifically, container terminals, are always on the search for better policy and operational plan developments. As the maritime shipping sector changes, new areas of research emerge. In this paper, we present a review of recent game theory applications for seaport cooperation and competition, accompanied by summary review tables stating the study, the modeling technique used, the methodology and objective, and summary of the results of each study. In total, we have reviewed 33 studies that used game theory models that investigated seaport and container terminal competition and cooperation involving various stakeholders with dating publication years from 2008 to 2019. The paper concludes with a discussion and proposed future research directions. The purpose of the paper is to serve as a reference guide to recent game theory applications on seaport cooperation and competition that would allow a quick understanding of work done in the field.


This paper presents the development of a SPICE-compatible fall-wave equivalent circuit model for high-speed interconnect structures. By enforcing the necessary boundary conditions for the Maxwell's equations on the interconnect structures, the electric field integral equations (EFIEs) are formulated. Using the method of moments, the inductive and capacitive elements of the interconnect structure are extracted. Good agreement with the results obtained from an EM simulator is demonstrated.


Large employers are thinking about how they might use the health insurance exchanges created by the Affordable Care Act. In the short term, from 2014 to 2016, many of these employers are giving serious consideration to using the exchanges to help provide coverage for part-time workers and for retirees not yet eligible for Medicare. In the long term, beginning in 2017, some large employers are considering using the exchanges to provide coverage for all of their employees. Costs, human resources strategies, and competitive pressures, as well as state and federal policy, will be the likely drivers of large employers' decisions about whether-and how-to use the exchanges.


Purpose: A survey was carried out on one hundred patients of the Emergency Service of the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), in order to analyze the personal characteristics and the barriers against getting resolving ophthalmologic assistance. Variables, were the following: sex, age, home town, average distance between the place of initial symptoms and first visit to the hospital, time spent between the first examination (if performed in any other service) and the examination performed at the Hospital das Clinicas of University of Campinas, diagnosis, veracity of emergency, need to refer patients previously seen in other services to our Service and possibility of assistance and treatment at a secondary level. Methods: The sample showed the following characteristics: distances between 20 and 100 kilometers covered by 50.0% of the patients to be seen at University of Campinas. 75.0% of those patients needed someone to stay with them and 67.0% came from other municipalities. The long distances covered meant additional expenses for the treatment of diseases which should be treated locally. Results: Among the patients referred to University of Campinas by ophthalmologists of other services, 87.5% could have their diseases treated at a secondary level of assistance and 66.7% of real emergencies and 60% of false emergencies took longer than 7 days to reach the emergency room of University of Campinas. This shows the poor infrastructure of secondary services regarding excellence of emergency care and education of patients. Conclusions: We recommend education of general physicians and ophthalmologists for emergency eye care and also the supply of both secondary and tertiary public services or medicare, strategically setup in the whole state of Sao Paulo.


The emphasis of the two approaches described in this chapter is on determining shape skeletons in the presence of noise. The parts of the skeleton which are most robust in the presence of noise correspond to the parts of the shape where its width varies slowly. In contrast, singular points of the skeleton such as junctions tend to be sensitive to noise. The strategy therefore is to concentrate on determining the robust parts and fill in the details afterwards as needed. The first approach takes advantage of the geometry of the distance function while the second analyzes the local symmetries of the level sets of a smooth analog of the distance function.


Two groups of patients treated with different techniques of closed wedge tibial osteotomy were analyzed. Twenty-eight patients underwent the conventional technique and 31 patients underwent a closed-wedge osteotomy using a new osteotomy cutting jig and compression-dynamic fixation. The groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, and deformity. Using the conventional technique, only 68% of knees had an optimal postoperative femorotibial angle between 167 degrees and 175 degrees, compared to 88% using the new device (P=.02). High tibial osteotomy with an osteotomy jig provides a more accurate correction of deformity than the conventional technique.


Uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract, caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, are among the most common diseases requiring medical intervention. A preventive vaccine to reduce the morbidity and fiscal burden these infections have upon the healthcare system would be beneficial. Here, we describe the results of a large-scale selection process that incorporates bioinformatic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic screens to identify six vaccine candidates from the 5379 predicted proteins encoded by uropathogenic E. coli strain CFT073. The vaccine candidates, ChuA, Hma, Iha, IreA, IroN, and IutA, all belong to a functional class of molecules that is involved in iron acquisition, a process critical for pathogenesis in all microbes. Intranasal immunization of CBA/J mice with these outer membrane iron receptors elicited a systemic and mucosal immune response that included the production of antigen-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies. The cellular response to vaccination was characterized by the induction and secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17. Of the six potential vaccine candidates, IreA, Hma, and IutA provided significant protection from experimental infection. In immunized animals, class-switching from IgM to IgG and production of antigen-specific IgA in the urine represent immunological correlates of protection from E. coli bladder colonization. These findings are an important first step toward the development of a subunit vaccine to prevent urinary tract infections and demonstrate how targeting an entire class of molecules that are collectively required for pathogenesis may represent a fundamental strategy to combat infections.


A photonic intermodule connector (PIMC) for emerging electronic switching systems is demonstrated, using silica-based 8*8 optical switches. A small-scale switch matrix is sufficient because these systems will consist of a limited number of modules. If an active module fails due to a fault or accident, a stand-by module must quickly take its place. The experimental PIMC can switch 156-Mb/s photonic interconnections between seven subscriber-line-concentrator modules and eight circuit-switching modules.<<ETX>>


UNLABELLED
September 11, 2001 saw the dawn of the US-led global war on terror, a combined diplomatic, military, social, and cultural war on terrorist activities. Chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives (CBRNE), as a group of tactics, are often the preferred weapons of terrorists across the globe. We undertook a survey of US medical schools to determine what their self-reported level of training for terrorist events encompasses during the four years of undergraduate medical education.

METHODS
We surveyed 170 medical schools in the US and Puerto Rico using a five-question, internet-based survey, followed by telephone calls to curriculum offices for initial nonresponders. We used simple descriptive statistics to analyze the data.

RESULTS
A majority of US medical schools that completed the survey (79 schools or 65.3%) have no required lecture or course on CBRNE or terrorist activities during the first or second year (preclinical years). Ninety-eight out of the 121 respondents (81.0%), however, believed that CBRNE training was either very important or somewhat important, as reflected in survey answers.

CONCLUSIONS
Most physician educators believe that training in CBRNE is important; however this belief has not resulted in widespread acceptance of a CBRNE curriculum in US medical schools.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the utility of BCA-225 immunostain in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other malignant tumors in liverfine needle aspiration specimens.

STUDY DESIGN
Cell block materialfrom 87fine needle aspirates of liver lesions, including 25 HCCs, 9 neuroendocrine carcinomas, 12 adenocarcinomas metastatic from the colon, 19 other metastatic adenocarcinomas, 13 other metastatic tumors and 2 cholangiocarcinomas, were immunostained with BCA-225 antibody using both the EnVision avidin-biotin method (Dako U.S.A., Carpinteria, California, U.S.A.), and the traditional avidin-biotin method, without antigen retrieval. Three independent observers evaluated the cases, and a consensus was reached.

RESULTS
Strong immunostaining for BCA-225 in at least 10% of malignant cells was considered positive. Two of 25 HCCs, 9 of 19 adenocarcinoma metastases, 1 of 9 neuroendocrine carcinomas, 4 of 13 other metastases and 1 of 2 cholangiocarcinomas were positive. No colon metastases were considered positive.

CONCLUSION
BCA-225 may help exclude the diagnoses of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and well- to moderately differentiated HCC in this cytologic setting.


This paper presents a coupled experimental/numerical procedure to evaluate triaxiality fields. Such a type of analysis is applied to a tensile test on a thin notched sample made of Ti 6-4 alloy. The experimental data consist of digital images and corresponding load levels, and a commercial code (Abaqus) is used in an integrated approach to Digital Image Correlation (DIC). With the proposed procedure, samples with complex shapes can be analyzed independently without having to resort to other tests to calibrate the material parameters of a given constitutive law to evaluate triaxili-ties. The regularization involved in the integrated DIC procedure allows the user to deal with experimental imperfections such as cracking of the paint and/or poor quality of the speckle pattern. For the studied material different hardening postulates are tested up to a level of equivalent plastic strain about three times higher than those achievable in a tensile test on smooth samples. Different Finite Element discretizations and model hypotheses (i.e., 2D plane stress and 3D simulations) are compared. 1 Introduction In the design of turbo-engines, it is required to ensure safety margins between the operating conditions and burst. A criterion, which is based upon the calculation of the average hoop stress, was proposed by Robinson [1] and is used to estimate the burst speed of disks. In the case of complex geometries and material models, this criterion is not accurate enough. Today's trend is to try to reduce safety margins by relying on local burst predictions where finite element simulations are performed to take into account precisely both the complex geometry of actual disks and the constitutive model of the material [2, 3].


If one traces, in the usual quasi-geometrical derivation, the origin of the thermal radiation from a solar mass sized black hole a second after the formation of the black hole, its origin lies in the incoming vacuum frequencies of the order e 4 (units are not important), implying scales of orders by far larger than the mass of the universe itself. This is almost a quotation from Unruh's work and represents the paradox of transplanckian frequencies, which is one of the most important unsolved issues in black hole radiation, and in fact, might be an indication of a serious drawback of the employed formalism. It has been first discussed by Jacobson [1] and by Unruh [2] in a hydrodynamical model. The conclusion of Unruh after a quite detailed analysis of two-dimensional 'dumb' holes is that there is an adiabatical adjustment of high frequency phenomena to low frequency physics close to the horizon (no high-frequency quantum hair). Since short distance cutoffs (at the Planck scale) are not affecting Hawking's thermal radiation, the common trend in the literature is to get rid of the transplanckian reservoir, e.g., by finding physical models (borrowed from other fields of physics) for the cutoffs [3]. Another way to get out from the transplanckian absurdity is to think of a material support of those extremely high frequencies, and if possible, of a physical entity and phenomenon related to black hole physics. Let me spell now my answer of principles to solve the transplanckian paradox, which I associate to superoscillations, a remarkable phenomenon put forth by Aharonov [4]. Recall the underlined second in the first paragraph. This would correspond to a band-limited thermal signal of 1 Hz. Apparently, it is not well-known that band-limited functions can oscillate for arbitrarily long intervals arbitrarily faster than the highest frequency they contain. These are the superoscillations. One can obtain them through a special two-parameter integral representation of bandlimited functions (BLFs), which, in general, changes a BLF to a corresponding two-parameter superoscillating function (SOF). As intuitively presented by Berry, the special integral representation of BLFs contains a Gaussian-like factor, which, in the zero-width limit acts like a δ-function and projects out SOFs. These SOFs appear in a subtle way in the 'quantum time-translation machine' concept of Aharonov, Anandan, Popescu, and Vaidman [4], but the present note has its origin in my repeated reading of Professor Berry's works [5]. Among the physical examples of superoscillations given by Berry, that of special interest for my argument here is the twodimensional case of evanescent waves which can be expressed as the singular limit of an angular superposition of real plane waves. The main point now is that the inout formalism does not include the quantum hair, i.e., the evanescent waves at the horizon. Any evanescent hair has the property that in the direction perpendicular to the exponentially decaying one (thus along the horizon), oscillates faster than the free-space wavenumber, forming a superoscillating reservoir. One can construct angular superpositions of 'plane' waves for a Gaussian wave packet in the black hole background and show readily, just following Berry, that its singular limit is a superoscillatory function [6]. Also, enclosed vortex configurations are important for the energy-momentum transport by means of evanescent modes. Moreover, superoscillations may be related to a wellknown problem in signal processing, that of sampling a function faster than the Nyquist rate (Berry is quoting Daubechies), and also to quantum billiards, which would be very interesting to study in the black hole context. Berry gave an explicit example of reproducing Beethoven's ninth symphony (a signal spreading over 4000 s) with a signal bandlimited to 1 Hz by means of superoscillations. As found by Berry, to reproduce Beethoven's ninth symphony with such superoscillations requires a signal e 19 times stronger than with conventional oscillations. A similar feature shows up for black holes. In the specific case of a solar mass black hole to reproduce a one-second thermal symphony would require a signal e 4 stronger in the superoscillating part of the evanescent hair at the horizon. In other words, the incredible powerful signal is not to be found in the incoming vacuum frequencies but can be accommodated by various evanescent quantum hairs that any black hole possesses at the horizon. Thus, my claim is that black hole hairs, a not very exciting topic recently (due to the no hair conjecture), may prove useful in solving the transplanckian paradox, if considered as superoscillating reservoirs. Acknowledgments: This work was partially supported by the CONACyT project 4868-E9406. I thank Professor M.V. Berry for sending me his remarkable pa-


Ontological status of name and number in Russian and Chinese philosophy – is the subject of the article. Russian onomatology and Chinese school of ming jia are compared. According to onomatology of Paul Florensky, name and number – are two different ontological principle of being-organization. The number is the source of an external and objective being of things. The name is the source of inner and personal being. The number is the source of time and space. The name is the core of personality and the source of spontaneity and duty. Florensky offers concept of the initial name as archetype of any name. Florensky so offers concept the Chreia as energy axis of the name-organism. In philosophy of Mines-Jia the word «min» (name) is combined with the word «Khao» (title). In Chinese-Tibetan group of languages the name is implied not to knowledge or memory, but to the sage's ability to express thoughts of the sky. Losev complements the ideas of Florensky, mentioned above. The name is the limit of self-disclosure of things. Losev also creates an original philosophy of number. The number is an apriory form of the semantic meaning. Chinese Numerology adds to the school of ming jia. The «Book of changes» the I Ching – combines in itself the mystery of name and the mystery of number in the tradition of Tao.


Interakcje pomiędzy kalusem trzech genotypów Abies alba a grzybami o różnym statusie ekologicznym Interactions among three genotypes of Abies alba callus and fungi with different ecological status Callus cultures derived from three Abies alba genotypes were co-cultivated with several fungi of different ecological status. Growth of Heterabasidion parviporum, Ophiostoma piceae and Pesotum sp. was stimulated, whilst Heterobasidon abietinum and Geosmithia sp. were unaffected by the presence of callus (statistical analyses for these 2 fungi gave no difference and a marginally-significant different respectively). Fir callus inhibited the growth of Pesotum fragrans and Rizosphaera macrospora. Otherwise, there were significant differences between the callus genotypes with respect to the growth of fungi and colonization of fir callus. Fungi H. abietinum, O. piceae, R. macrospora and Geosmithia sp. first colonized callus belonging to genotype G6. In contrast, fungal species: P. fragrans, Pesotum sp., Geosmithia sp. and H. parviporum quickly colonized callus derived from the genotype G5. Across all genotypes, callus was colonized in the shortest period of time by the fungus H. parviporum (causing callus necrosis after 6-9 days), the slowest was Pesotum sp. (causing callus necrosis after 60-81 days). The importance of these results regarding pathogenicity and behaviour in vivo of these fungi is discussed.


Copper(II) adsorption from aqueous sulphate media on Amberlite 200 was investigated. The influence of operating variables such as aqueous pH, temperature and copper concentration on the metal adsorption kinetics was measured. The copper(II) uptake is best fitted to the film-diffusion controlled process. The resin has been used in mini-columns to investigate its performance under dynamics conditions. Copper(II) desorption from the resin is accomplished using sulphuric acid solutions.


A placenta was recovered at post mortem from an eld's deer, Cervus eldi siamensis, for anatomical and histological study. Macroscopically, there were eight placentomes, elliptical and cup-like in shape, with an average dimension of 6.19, 4.87 and 3.41 cm. in length, width, and thickness. Branches of the umbilical vessels that connected the placentomes to each other and to the umbilical cord were markedly noticeable. The cross sectioned surface had a radiant appearance of interdigitating structures. The uterine caruncles and fetal cotyledons were convex and concave, respectively. Microscopically, chorionic villi were in contact with the maternal crypts by means of interdigitating. The six tissue layers (3 layers from each side). Some areas were partially devoid of a maternal epithelial lining. From this study, the placentome can be described as a synepitheliochorial placenta. However, it was different in the shape, number and the distribution of villi, from other ruminant placentomes.


Twenty-one patients with a variety of clinical infections were treated with Piperacillin Sodium intravenously. One case was considered to be a therapeutic failure. Two further cases were incapable of scientific assessment with respect to their response as no satisfactory pathogen could be identified in spite of a significant febrile illness. In all the other patients in the study a good clinical response was deemed to have been achieved. In nine of these patients, a microbiological cure was also achieved. In the remainder, because of the nature of their clinical problem, no final microbiological sample was available for culture due to the absence of any infective material. Only one adverse incident was encountered (a thrombo-phlebitis, in relation to the intravenous avenue of administration).


Urban soil quality is often degraded and a challenging substrate for trees. This study was conducted to assess the impacts of biochar (BC), biosolids (BS), wood chips (WC), compost (COM), aerated compost tea (ACT), and a nitrogen plus potassium fertilizer (NK) for improving three typical urban soils and tree sapling growth. Across the three soil types, the most significant changes in soil properties were observed with BS and BC. Biosolids decreased soil pH and increased available N, N mineralization, and microbial respiration. Biochar increased total organic C. Increases in microbial respiration were also observed with NK, COM, and WC in only the sand soil. Leachate concentrations of dissolved organic C were greater with BS and COM, but nitrate in leachates did not differ among the treatments. The greatest and most significant increases in and growth were found with BS and BC. Tree growth was modeled from plant-available N and microbial respiration. The N content in the treatments appeared to be a strong determinant of tree growth for all treatments except BC. Nitrogen fertilizer, COM, and WC are the most common urban soil amendments and mulches in use today. This study provides evidence that BS and BC are acceptable, and possibly preferred, alternatives for improving urban soil quality and tree growth.


Web 2.0 changes the role of Web users from information Web consumers to Web participants. In fact, when information is delivered, users' interactions modify data related information, making users authors themselves. Data acquire a new identity, each time they are used or modified according one's goal. They do not depend anymore on their producer and on the context where they have been published, but they are self-contained. We present here an integrated architecture, that exploits data related information, provided as XML metadata for storing, retrieval and delivery of multimedia contents. Metadata describe semantic, data organization, geographic reference, ... . A prototype has been implemented to experiment the integration of an original service for content adaptation to client profile. We focus here on platform design, implementation and on service architecture. We realized a significant case study for semantic and location based information retrieval to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The long-awaited recognition of controlling bodies by the South African Revenue Services has finally been completed. SAIPA was recognised as one of five controlling bodies. The other bodies are SAICA, SAIT, IAC, and CSSA. The recognition of controlling bodies is a first process in the regulation of tax practitioners in line with the requirements S240 and S240A of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011. The Act had already legislated IRBA, LSSA and SABAR as well as the Society of Advocates SA as recognised bodies.


Tony Stone Images have designed a textual classification structure and an image retrieval system to store and retrieve pictures within the stock photography domain. The image retrieval system has been designed from the stock photography domain-specifics with facilities to search for different objects and their attributes within an image, and on relations between these objects. The retrieval system is text-based with a set of 12, 000 controlled hierarchical keywords in a semantic network structure which has approximately 45,000 additional search terms in the form of synonyms linked to these keywords. The keywords allow for searching both on specific objects within a picture, and for abstract concepts that an image signals as a whole. The keywords are added manually to each image and they are searched on in different fields of the user interface of the retrieval system depending on what type of content is wanted. Furthermore, the image retrieval system deals with ambiguity by prompting the user at the time of searching and it allows for multi-lingual searching in French, German and American English besides British English.


Abstract Large software development projects with high levels of agility require several IT operations: software configuration management, bug tracking management, making software builds and deployments. Due to high agility in projects, the starting phases are very chaotic and sometimes in a few days customer is willing to get the first release of software. It means that all IT operations should be automated as soon as possible. The study presents a model-driven approach for automation of IT operations through the reuse of the existing source code. In addition, it presents a method for the development of library of reusable source code. The paper contains a brief description of the model-driven approach, library of source code and meta-models developed for a new methodology. The paper ends with the results of the practical experiments and conclusions on how this approach could be improved in the future.


The research aimed at studying the effective way of weeds control and the usage of organic fertilizer in soy cultivation at dry land. The research conducted was from July to September 2007, located in the Laboratory and Experimental Farm of Agriculture Department in Tadulako University, Palu. The research used a Randomized Block Design with a two Factorial Experiment. The first factor was four different kinds of weeds control (P): without weeds control (p0), manual control using mowing (p1), culture control technique using mulch (p2), and chemical control using oxyfluorofen (p3). The second factor was three levels of bokashi fertilizers (B): without bokashi (b0), 10 ton ha -1 bokashi (b1), and 20 ton ha -1 (b2). The results of vegetation analysis 10 weeks after planting showed that 21 kinds of weeds were found consisting of 14 kinds of broad leave classes, 6 kinds of grass classes (graminae) and only a kind of sedges class (cyperaceae). The results indicated that the efficiency of the control treatment in controlling weeds was significantly lower than other treatments. The chemical treatment in controlling weeds had similar effect and efficiency as the mulch treatment. However, the use of mulch has more advantages due to its cost and time efficiencies and environmentally friendly when applied in crop cultivation.


The efficacy of the new nonsedating antihistamines loratadine and cetirizine was compared in a randomized, single-blind, crossover, controlled study with that of the classical antihistamines cyproheptadine and ketotifen in seven patients with primary acquired cold urticaria (ACU). The patients received each of the four drugs for 14 consecutive days with a 7-day interval between drugs. We evaluated clinical symptomatology, adverse effects, minimum time of cold contact stimulation required to induce an immediate coalescent wheal (CSTT), and inhibition of histamine-induced wheal response. Both loratadine and cetirizine showed suppression of symptoms with infrequent adverse effects. Important side-effects were observed in patients receiving cyproheptadine. Improvement in CSTT was statistically significant for all drugs compared with baseline values, without differences among them. The histamine-induced skin test was significantly inhibited by all antihistamines. Wheal reductions were 34.6% for loratadine and 50.9% for cetirizine. This study suggests that both loratadine and cetirizine may be effective in the treatment of primary ACU.


Objective—In culture studies matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 thins the protecting fibrous cap of the atherosclerotic plaque thereby increasing its vulnerability. Results on the association of serum MMP-8 concentrations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are, however, scarce and contradictory. Methods and Results—We analyzed the association between CVD or subclinical atherosclerosis and serum MMP-8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) concentrations of 1018 men with the follow-up time of 10 years. MMP-8 concentrations or MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratios were higher in men with prevalent CVD or subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline than those without. In men free of CVD at baseline, MMP-8 concentrations associated with acute myocardial infarction, death from coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD, or from any cause with relative risks (RR) (95% CI) of 1.138 (1.009 to 1.284), 1.188 (1.034 to 1.365), 1.171 (1.026 to 1.338), and 1.136 (1.018 to 1.269), respectively, and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio with CHD death with an RR of 1.206 (1.028 to 1.414) per standard deviation (SD) increase. In men with no prevalent CVD but with subclinical atherosclerosis at baseline, elevated serum MMP-8 concentration predicted CVD death with an RR of 3.03 (1.09 to 8.44). TIMP-1 concentrations alone had no predictive value. Conclusions—The results indicate that serum MMP-8 concentrations are elevated in prevalent or subclinical atherosclerosis and associate with the worst cardiovascular outcome.


In many emerging applications, such as real-time traffic monitoring, financial analysis, sensor network monitoring an important task is the continuos monitoring of stream data. In these contexts where large amount of data arrive continually the data processing requires to access often valuable personal information. As a consequence, the entire monitoring process could put at risk the privacy of people represented in the stream data. In this paper, we study the privacy issues in distributed systems during the monitoring of thresholds functions, where several nodes contribute with their data to the monitoring of a specific event. We provide a privacy-preserving framework suitable to find an acceptable trade-off among privacy protection, data quality and system performance. Using real-life data from GPS devices of private cars, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in a case study consisting of the monitoring of customers mobility behaviors; in other words, we show how techniques for efficient communication can be used while preserving the individual privacy of the actors who are participating to the collective analysis.


Purpose and scope This Position Statement has been written expressly for members of the Australasian College of Sports Physicians (ACSP); however, it may also be of interest to the wider medical community, sporting organisations, athletes and the general community. It has been informed by a comprehensive review of the scientific literature and the opinions of kindred organisations. This statement outlines the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies in the broad context of Sport and Exercise Medicine, recognising that every medical practitioner should respect: (1) the evidence for the therapeutic use of MSCs and (2) the priority for patient health and welfare.


Turing patterns involve regions of different chemical compositions which lead to density gradients that, in liquids, are potentially unstable hydrodynamically. Nonlinear hydrodynamics coupled with a model of Turing pattern formation show that convection modifies and coexists with some Turing patterns and excludes others, and thereby plays a significant role in pattern selection


The IRIM group is a consortium of French teams working on Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval. This paper describes our participation to the TRECVID 2008 High Level Features detection task. We evaluated several fusion strategies and especially rank fusion. Results show that including as many low-level and intermediate features as possible is the best strategy, that SIFT features are very important, that the way in which the fusion from the various low-level and intermediate features does matter, that the type of mean (arithmetic, geometric and harmonic) does matter but which is better depends upon the fused sources. Our best run has a Mean Inferred Average Precision of 0.0885, which is significantly above TRECVID 2008 HLF detection task median performance.


Value education in a young democracy and Curriculum 2005 : panacea or minefield?
As a result of the current process of transformation in South Africa, this country is facing challenges in many areas. There is a vital need in this young democracy to have an education system that will foster a commitment to excellence and a strong work ethic. The school will have to play a major role in the development of these values.
In this article a description is given of various approaches to value education, as well as to curriculum development. An attempt is made to show the extent to which these approaches and orientations feature in Curriculum 2005.
Conclusions and recommendations are made in the final section. The main conclusion is that certain curriculum orientations and approaches to value education are part of Curriculum 2005, but that value education is proving to be a minefield rather than a panacea.


Having reliable security in systems is of the utmost importance. However, the existing framework of writing, distributing and linking against code in the form of libraries and/or modules does a very poor job of keeping track of who has access to what code and who can call what function. The status-quo is insufficient for a variety of reasons. As the amount of code written that represents some kind of a rights-protected entity increases, we need a systematic, easily adopted framework for designating who has access to what code, and under which conditions. While adding access controls to libraries and modules (as well as functions held securely within them), we also give regard to the performance characteristics and ease-of use considerations. In this vein, we discuss the design and implementation of a framework (called SecModule) used for generating (and using) libraries under access controls, as well as performance measurements of invoking functions that are held inside the protected library.


We describe plane-fronted waves in the Yang-Mills type quadratic metricaffine theory of gravity. The torsion and the nonmetricity are both nontrivial, and they do not belong to the triplet ansatz. PACS: 04.50.+h, 04.30.-w, 04.20.Jb.


The density of state approach has recently been proposed as a potential route to circumvent the sign problem in systems at finite density. In this study, using the Linear Logarithmic Relaxation (LLR) algorithm, we extract the generalised density of states, which is defined in terms of the imaginary part of the action, for the self-interacting relativistic lattice Bose gas at finite density. After discussing the implementation and testing the reliability of our approach, we focus on the determination of the free energy difference between the full system and its phase-quenched counterpart. Using a set of lattices ranging from $4^4$ to $16^4$ , we show that in the low density phase, this overlap free energy can be reliably extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit. The numerical precision we obtain with the LLR method allows us to determine with sufficient accuracy the expectation value of the phase factor, which is used in the calculation of the overlap free energy, down to values of ${\cal O}(10^{-480})$. When phase factor measurements are extended to the dense phase, a change of behaviour of the overlap free energy is clearly visible as the chemical potential crosses a critical value. Using fits inspired by the approximate validity of mean-field theory, which is confirmed by our simulations, we extract the critical chemical potential as the non-analyticity point in the overlap free energy, obtaining a value that is in agreement with other determinations. Implications of our findings and potential improvements of our methodology are also discussed.


Abstract This study aims to investigate the impact of three established approaches to entrepreneurship education, Theory, Competition and Incubation, on entrepreneurial entry and performance. Propensity score matching is used to compare three cohorts from the alumni of a business college in China who completed entrepreneurship courses with their respective matched sample of similar individuals who did not. The findings suggest that Incubation significantly increases the probability of new venture creation. Theory, and participation in entrepreneurial business plan Competition(s) positively affect only those students that are non-management majors. Analysis including multiple linear regression indicates that Incubation has a positive impact on new venture sales revenue, profit before tax and the number of employees. The effect of Theory and Competition on new venture performance is not significant. This study extends the current knowledge of entrepreneurship education by providing new empirical evidence for the proposition that entrepreneurship can be learned, and the relative impact of these three types of education. The findings have direct implications for policymakers, educational executives, researchers, and others interested in encouraging entrepreneurial activity.


Internet has become an important part of our everyday life. We use services like Netflix, Skype, online banking and Scopus etc. daily. We even use Internet for filing our tax returns and communicating with municipalities. This dependency on network-based technologies provides an opportunity to malicious actors in our society to remotely attack IT infrastructure. One type of cyberattack that may lead to unavailability of network resources is known as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. A DDoS attack leverages many computers to launch a coordinated Denial of Service attack against one or more targets. These attacks cause damages to victim businesses. According to reports published by several consultancies and security companies these attacks lead to millions of dollars in losses every year. One might ponder: are the damages caused by temporary unavailability of network services really this large? One of the points of criticism for these reports has been that they often base their findings on victim surveys and expert opinions. Now, as cost accounting/book keeping methods are not focused on measuring the impact of cyber security incidents, it is highly likely that surveys are unable to capture the true impact of an attack. A troubling fact is that most C-level managers make budgetary decisions for security based on the losses reported in these surveys. Several inputs for security investment decision models such as return on security investment (ROSI) also depend on these figures. This makes the situation very similar to the parable of the blind men and the elephant, in which several blind men try to conceptualise how the elephant looks like by touching it. Hence, it is important to develop methodologies that capture the true impact of DDoS attacks. In this thesis, we study the economic impact of DDoS attacks on public/private organisations by using an empirical approach. In Chapter 1 we explain the motivation for our work and illustrate the problems associated with measuring the economic impacts of DDoS attacks. We then formulate our main research question and break it down into sub-questions that we investigate in later chapters. We state our main research question as follows: What are the economic impacts of DDoS attacks on public/private organisations? Our first contribution is identifying the main stakeholders in a DDoS attack. In Chapter 2, we discuss the evolution of DDoS attacks in the last decade and briefly describe the strategies adopted by attackers and defenders. By studying the business model of a botnet, we also analyse how DDoS attacks can be used by attackers for monetary gains. Our second contribution is to develop methodologies to capture the direct impact of DDoS attacks. In Chapters 3 and 4 we measure the direct consequences of DDoS attacks on large managed domain name service (DNS) providers and a cryptocurrency exchange respectively. We find that a successful DDoS attack on a managed DNS service provider, changes the security behaviour of its customers. In the case of cryptocurrency exchange we find that the losses are recovered very quickly, on most instances even within a single day. We show how longitudinal datasets can be used to asses the impacts. The third contribution of this thesis is to develop methodologies to measure the indirect consequences of DDoS attacks. In Chapter 5, we propose a more robust event study approach and use it to analyse the impact of DDoS attack announcements on victims' stock prices. We find that in most cases this impact is short lived (5-10 days). In Chapter 6, we introduce a dataset based on web articles on DDoS attacks which captures the social context of an attack. We show how machine learning algorithms can be used to filter news articles that are reporting a DDoS attack from the dataset. We recognise that it is not possible to measure the true impact of DDoS attacks on the victim without learning about the aims of attackers. In Chapter 7, we propose a model based on Routine Activity Theory (RAT) to study attacker's aims by using the information about the attack reported in the news articles. Later in Chapter 8, we show how postulates of RAT may be used to explain DDoS attack trends on educational institutions. Our results show that DDoS attacks are not a random phenomenon and attackers are instigated by the circumstances surrounding them. We observe that measuring the true economic impact of these attacks is complex and requires us to consider the context of an attack. Some of the consequences of short duration IT unavailability are temporary and they are recovered rather quickly. Hence, to take this work forward we propose to give economic meaning to the empirical data that is presently available and collect more data at employee level to measure the resilience of firms towards IT unavailability.


1. [14C]Budralazine (I) administered orally to normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats showed no significant difference in metabolic fate between the two groups. 2. Peak plasma levels of 14C were 3.6 microgram equiv. of I per ml in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Approx. 5% of total 14C in the plasma consisted of I within 4 h, but thereafter the parent drug was not detected. Approx. 15% of 14C in the plasma consisted of 1-hydrazinophthalazine within 16 h after the administration. 3. 45% and 37% of the dose of 14C was excreted into urine and faeces within 24 h, respectively. 4. A high retention of 14C in the aorta wall was found and the time course of 14C in the aorta wall was compatible with that of the reduction in blood pressure. The radioactive materials retained in the aorta wall were likely to be I or 1-hydrazinophthalazine, probably the latter, following macroautoradiography in hypertensive rats.


Assessments of conservation effects are being conducted to determine the effectiveness of agricultural conservation practices. The practice of nutrient supplement placement to improve livestock distribution has not been designated a "best management practice" by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Three studies in California visually and statistically document the effectiveness of nutrient supplement placement for changing livestock distribution. The initial study conducted in the Sierra Nevada foothills demonstrated that use of riparian patches could be reduced with strategic placement of dehydrated molasses supplement. A study on an adjacent ranch found that during the dry season, supplement placement effectively redistributed livestock by attracting them into a zone that extended out to about 600 m (1,980 ft) from the supplement. In a study on a coastal ranch in San Luis Obispo County, nutrient supplements were used to attract cows into an ungrazed forest adjacent to grazed grassland. The results of the studies reported here support the effectiveness of supplement placement for changing livestock distribution. Integration of supplement placement practices into best management practices and into NRCS's prescribed grazing standard is supported by this research.


The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was adapted to measure anxiety by assessing associations of self (vs. other) with anxiety-related (vs. calmness-related) words. Study 1 showed that the IAT-Anxiety exhibited good internal consistency and adequate stability. Study 2 revealed that the IAT-Anxiety was unaffected by a faking instruction. Study 3 examined the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures and showed that the IAT-Anxiety was related to changes in experimenter-rated anxiety and performance decrements after failure. Study 4 found that several behavioral indicators of anxiety during a stressful speech were predicted by the IAT. Taken together, these studies show that the IAT-Anxiety is a reliable measure that is able to predict criterion variables above questionnaire measures of anxiety and social desirability.


A parallel inference machine (PIM) prototype modelled on loosely coupled clusters was simulated on a hardware simulator. Performance of the PIM prototype is limited by suspension/resumption overhead in the fine granularity region and by low utilization, due to load distribution imbalance, in the coarse granularity region. It is shown that the load dispatch strategy in which loads are dispatched to the cluster with minimum loads at an AND-fork time is effective on the loosely-coupled cluster level, resulting in 20% higher performance than in the random dispatch strategy, and that the load status modification delay should be less than half of the reduction time to limit the degradation to within 5%.<<ETX>>


Nowadays, recent studies have demonstrated that plant-derived foods were characterized by their richness in bioactive phytochemicals and their consumption has a protective effect for human health. The effects of ionizing radiation on phytochemical properties of cooked Malva sylvestris L. (Mallow) were investigated. Irradiation increased significantly (P<0.05) the total polyphenols and flavonoids content of cooked Mallow. Irradiation at 2 and 4 kGy doses resulted in a significant increase in the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging ability of cooked Mallow extracts. There was no significant change on carbohydrate, lipid, ash, and protein content. While the mineral composition of K and Na was affected slightly after irradiation, the amounts of Mg, P, Ca, Fe, Z, and Cu remain unaffected at 2 kGy and reduced slightly at 4 kGy. The antimicrobial activity was unaffected after irradiation. Postirradiation storage studies showed that the cooked irradiated Mallow was microbiologically safe even after 20 days of storage period. Sensory properties of cooked irradiated Mallow were unaffected by the treatment. This study supports that cooking process followed by gamma irradiation did not compromise the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of Mallow.


UNLABELLED
The aim of this study was to compare the imaging abilities of the recently developed somatostatin analog, (99m)Tc-hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr(3)-octreotide ((99m)Tc-HYNIC-TOC [(99m)Tc-TOC]), with (111)In-diethylenediaminepentaacetic acid-D-Phe(1)-octreotide ((111)In-OCT [Octreoscan]) in patients undergoing routine somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy.

METHODS
Forty-one patients (20 men, 21 women; age range, 29-75 y; mean age, 56.7 y) with either histologically proven or biologically and clinically suspected endocrine tumors were enrolled in the study. Four groups were distinguished: (a) patients being evaluated for the detection and localization of neuroendocrine tumors (n = 6), (b) tumor staging (n = 19), (c) patients being investigated to determine the SSTR status of tumor lesions (n = 11), and (d) patient follow-up studies (n = 5). Each patient received a mean activity of 150 MBq (111)In-OCT and 350-400 MBq (99m)Tc-TOC. Scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-TOC was performed 4 h after injection and scintigraphy with (111)In-OCT was performed 4 and 24 h after injection. SPECT studies of areas of interest were performed 4 h after injection for both tracers as well as at 24 h after injection for (111)In-OCT. The time interval between the studies using each tracer ranged from 2 to 22 d (mean interval, 9.3 d).

RESULTS
(111)In-OCT and (99m)Tc-TOC showed an equivalent scan result in 32 patients (78%), 9 cases showed discrepancies (22%), false-negative results with (111)In-OCT were seen in 6 cases (14.6%), whereas (99m)Tc-TOC was false-positive in 2 cases (4.9%). (111)In-OCT was true-negative in both cases. The false-positive findings of the (99m)Tc-TOC studies were caused by nonspecific uptake in the bowel. In 1 case, (99m)Tc-TOC correctly identified a metastasis in the lumbar spine but both scan results were false-positive because of an inflammatory process. In 21 patients with SSTR-expressing tumors, the semiquantitative region-of-interest analysis showed that (99m)Tc-TOC achieved higher tumor-to-normal tissue ratios than (111)In-OCT.

CONCLUSION
This study revealed a higher sensitivity of (99m)Tc-TOC as compared with (111)In-OCT as an imaging agent for the localization of SSTR-expressing tumors. To avoid false-positive findings with (99m)Tc-OCT due to nonspecific tracer accumulation, additional scanning at 1-2 h after injection should be done.


Logic, a branch of philosophy, is essentially concerned with one's ability to reason well. It provides structured rules and principles that act as guides for effective reasoning. As such the correctness or incorrectness of any kind of reasoning can easily be verified by subjecting them to logical techniques and methods. The paper conceptualises general studies as a set of prescribed courses available in a Nigerian tertiary institution, outside a student's area of specialisation that must be registered for and passed, usually, in the first and second years of study. The essence is to ensure that students experience balanced, rounded education and to ensure that scholarship is made relevant to the pressing needs of the society. The paper locates the bond between logic and general studies based on the fact that logic permeates all the courses taught as General Studies and, indeed, all the courses taught in the university be it medicine, geography, architecture. In a knowledge-based environment, the need for effective communication is critical and inevitable. This means that both in the delivery of knowledge as well as its acquisition, care should be taken to avoid fallacious reasoning and deception by the slippery nature and use of words. It is for this reason that a rudimentary knowledge of logic is a prerequisite for every discipline. The paper adopts an analytical and comparative method. Philosophical analysis and reflection are applied in order to evaluate and highlight the importance of logic to other disciplines. Its comparative character helps to demonstrate why logic, and no any other discipline, is most suited to act as the foundation for all other disciplines. In all, the paper demonstrates that for effective teaching and learning to take place in other disciplines, logic is essential. It also underscores the strong nexus between logic and general studies. Finally, it shows how logic can help in enriching other disciplines.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic characteristics of the pathological process in patients with biopsy-proven PB. Materials and methods : Dynamic observation and treatment of patients with morphologically confi rmed diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus (PB) was performed at the Bank of Russia Multidisciplinary medical center in Moscow in the period from 2014 to 2019.the study included 52 patients. Among them, men — 33 (63.4%) and women –19 (36.5%) aged from 28 to 70 years, the peak incidence was mainly in the age range from 50–71 years. As a result, morphological types of PB epithelium were identifi ed at the time of the study: cardiac — 8(15.3%), small — bowel — 25 (48%), large-bowel without dysplasia-17 (32.6%) and large-bowel with mild dysplasia foci –2 (3.8%). The expression of the p53, P63, and Ki-67 genes responsible for cell proliferation and diff erentiation was studied using an immunohistochemical method. Results . As a result of the study, it was found that genetic changes in patients with morphologically confi rmed PB increase from the cardiac type of epithelium in the segment to the detection of dysplasia foci on the background of colonic metaplasia. An exception is tokokishechnaya metaplasia, which may be an indirect sign of the development of highly diff erentiated epithelium in response to gastroesophageal or duodenogastroesophageal refl ux Summary . 1. Mutation of the p 53 genes responsible for regulating cell transcription and activating apoptosis and the P63 gene responsible for cell diff erentiation occurs in all morphological types of PB, with the number of mutations increasing as metastatic changes progress in accordance with the Correa cascade 2. The combination of p53 and P63 gene mutations in almost equal proportions indicates parallel processes of cell proliferation and diff erentiation disorders. 3. Ki-67 expression increases from the cardiac type of epithelium in the segment to the detection of dysplasia foci on the background of metaplastic epithelium. An exception is tokokishechnaya metaplasia, which may be an indirect sign of the development of highly diff erentiated epithelium in response to gastroesophageal or duodenogastroesophageal refl ux. Conclusion . Studies have shown that there are a number of genetic features of the pathological process in patients with morphologically confi rmed PB, the combination of which is more reliable and reliable assessment of the risk of neoplastic changes than individual indicators. To date, it remains relevant to develop a marker panel that is suitable for use in clinical practice, informative for both assessing individual risk and stratifying risk groups, and useful for monitoring the eff ectiveness of treatment.


The development of automation technology nowadays has allowed humans to do many things remotely, including daily activity such as watering plants. This study combines a mobile robot as a plant sprinkler and a smartphone as a remote control that uses Bluetooth as the connectors. Users can water plants remotely by using an application created with the App Inventor to control the Mobile Robot which is in charge of watering the field. Based on the test results, the sprinkler robot produces a current of 2 A and a voltage of 12 V with the heaviest water load that can be carried is 1 liter. The more water that is carried, the greater the measured voltage and current. The App Inventor application created successfully runs the sprinkler robot with an average delay of 1 second and the farthest distance is 5 m using a bluetooth module.