Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were isolated by chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutants were selected by their inability to grow on ethanol as the sole carbon source. The ALDH mutants were distinguished from alcohol dehydrogenase mutants by an aldehyde indicator plate test and by immunoscreening. The ALDH gene was isolated from a yeast genomic DNA library on a 5.7-kb insert of a recombinant DNA plasmid by functional complementation of the aldh mutation in S. cerevisiae. An open reading frame which specifies 533 codons was found within the 2.0-kb BamHI-BstEII fragment in the 5.7-kb genomic insert which can encode a protein with a molecular weight of 58,630. The N-terminal portion of the protein contains many positively charged residues which may serve as a signal sequence that targets the protein to the mitochondria. The amino acid sequence of the proposed mature yeast enzyme shows 30% identity to each of the known ALDH sequences from eukaryotes or prokaryotes. The amino acid residues corresponding to mammalian cysteine 302 and glutamates 268 and 487, implicated to be involved at the active site, were conserved. S. cerevisiae ALDH was found to be localized in the mitochondria as a tetrameric enzyme. Thus, that organelle is responsible for acetaldehyde oxidation, as was found in mammalian liver.


Desmin and vimentin are two intermediate filaments, abundant in fetal skeletal muscle, almost undetectable in mature skeletal muscle which increase in regenerating and partially damaged skeletal muscle fibers. To determine their content in neuromuscular disorders immunohistochemical studies of desmin and vimentin were performed on 53 human muscle specimens. The labelled streptavidin biotin technique (DAKO, LSAB Kit, alkaline phosphatase) was used. Strong staining intensity was seen in regenerating and partially damaged fibers of inflammatory myopathies and muscular dystrophy. Necrotic fibers lost their reactivity for both filaments. Type II glycogenosis showed an increased reactivity for desmin and vimentin. A mild increase in desmin and vimentin staining intensity was observed in the atrophic cells of spinal muscular atrophy, but not in the atrophic fibers from other disease entities. Weaker reactivity for desmin was noted in atrophic cells of myotonic dystrophy. The immunohistochemical study of desmin and vimentin in neuromuscular disorders is helpful in detecting degeneration, or regeneration changes, of muscle fibers and may provide clues to the pathogenesis of various muscular disorders.


In recent years, the rapid innovation and development of financial industry has made financial enterprises have a lot of information. However, the large amount of information is tampered with and fragmented, which cannot be shared. With the constant innovation of science and technology, it is the most effective way to solve the information lag and asymmetry of financial products. This article aims to start from the problem of asymmetric information of financial products, the analysis of the emerging block chain technology applied in the financial sector, and with the development of asset securitization information known as the typical scenario for the first time, a concrete analysis information game process, and discuss about the application of chain blocks in securitization feasibility.


Background Complete occlusion of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) after the deployment of a flow-diverter stent is currently unpredictable. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive occlusion score based on pretreatment clinical and angiographic criteria. Methods Consecutive patients with ≥6 months follow-up were included from 2008 to 2019 and retrospectively analyzed. Each IA was evaluated using the Raymond–Roy occlusion classification (RROC) and dichotomized as occluded (A) or residual (B/C); 80% of patients were randomly assigned to the training sample. Feature selection and binary outcome prediction relied on logistic regression and threshold maximizing class separation selected by a CART tree algorithm. The feature selection was addressed by a genetic algorithm selected from the 30 pretreatment available variables. Results The study included 146 patients with 154 IAs. Feature selection yielded a combination of six variables with a good cross-validated accuracy on the test sample, a combination we labeled DIANES score (IA diameter, indication, parent artery diameter ratio, neck ratio, side-branch artery, and sex). A score of more than −6 maximized the ability to predict RROC=A with sensitivity of 87% (95% CI 79% to 95%) and specificity of 82% (95% CI 64% to 96%) in the training sample. Accuracy was 86% (95% CI 79% to 94%). In the test sample, sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI 77% to 98%) and 60% (95% CI 33% to 86%), respectively. Accuracy was 81% (95% CI 69% to 91%). Conclusion A score was developed as a grading scale for prediction of the final occlusion status of IAs treated with a flow-diverter stent.


Rationale: Apolipoprotein E ( APOE ) gene polymorphism is related to atherogenic dyslipidemia, and may play a role in affecting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) size and subclasses distribution. Importantly, intermittent hypoxia increases serum lipids in APOE-deficient mice. Previously we have demonstrated atherogenic dyslipidemia and reduced LDL size in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Here we aimed to analyze the effects of APOE gene polymorphisms on LDL and HDL size and subclasses in patients with OSA. Methods: 189 adult subjects underwent full overnight polysomnography. The association of HDL-C and LDL-C size and subclasses with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and arousal index, and with APOE gene polymorphism was examined and adjusted for relevant covariates. Findings: Patients were 61.4% male (age 51.7±12.0 years, AHI 29.5±30.1 events/hour). LDL-C size was related to APOE polymorphism (p=0.024), due to a reduction in large LDI-I particles and increase in small dense LDL-IVB particles. In addition, LDL-C size was related to ODI, AHI and arousal index in univariate analyses (r=-0.136, p=0.028; r=-0.172, p=0.005; r=-0.132, p=0.032; respectively). In contrast, HDL-C size was related to AHI only (r= 0.137, p=0.026). In multivariate analysis, only APOE genotype predicted LDL-C size independently of age, gender, body mass index and severity of OSA (R2=0.095, p=0.013). Conclusion: Our results suggest relationships between APOE gene polymorphism and LDL-C size in patients with OSA. Further studies are needed to evaluate clinical implications of present findings. Funding: APVV-0134-11, VEGA 1/0111/12, Slovakia.


A dose response procedure was developed for evaluating vitamin A status and utilization in cattle. This could be useful for evaluating diets, vitamin A stores and homeostatic control of vitamin A. Three experiments were designed to determine: 1) size of vitamin A dose required to increase plasma vitamin A concentrations; 2) time after dosing when plasma vitamin A concentrations peak, and 3) if changes in plasma vitamin A concentrations are useful in assessing dietary vitamin A utilization. Using twenty-four steers and heifers, the first two experiments showed that 30X or 40X daily vitamin A requirement (daily requirement calculated as X = body weight in kilograms times 55 International Units of vitamin A) given orally was sufficient to cause plasma vitamin A concentrations to rise 20 hours after dosing. Plasma vitamin A concentrations increased (P less than .01) from 57 to 81 micrograms/dl and 64 to 84 micrograms/dl after a 30X or 40X treatment, respectively. Twenty-X daily requirement resulted in a slight increase after 20 hours (P greater than .05). Seventy-two feedlot steers were used in experiment three to determine if diet affects vitamin A dose response. Variations in feed intake, monensin in the diet or a single dose of vitamin E did not cause significant changes in plasma vitamin A response to vitamin A dosage. Steers receiving monensin had higher initial plasma vitamin A concentrations, but no differences were observed after dosing. Results indicate that dose responses may be useful in assessing dietary vitamin A utilization.


We demonstrate the formation of a p-n junction in 2-D graphene through complementary doping. A shift of the Dirac point is observed with increased electrical stressing voltage, indicating the modification of electrostatic charge distribution in the material system. Both graphene and graphene/metal contact resistances show significant decrease after electrical stressing. Carrier mobility is affected due to the charge modification. By combining hydrogen silsesquioxane coating and electrical stressing, local doping in graphene is controlled, and a p-n junction can be formed.


Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent actual form of healthcare-associated infections. The main risk factor of UTI is bladder catheterization. Currently, there are not valid and systematic data on the frequency of atheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in Russia, because standard case determination for the official registration is not being used and, consequently, no full-scale records and registration of this nosological form is being maintained. Research objective: to estimate incident rate and potential risk factors of UTI in patients when making bladder catheterization in the urology department at the multidisciplinary clinic for adults. In the course of diagnostic and treatment process it has been determined that bladder catheterizations ratio among all indoor patients amounted to 49,6%; in 2,3% of cases intrusive procedure was carried out urgently in the form of a single urine drainage; the overwhelming majority of catheterized patients were men – 61,5%; catheterization of 9,7% of patients has been lasted for more than 7 days; 48,5% of catheterized patients were individuals of 60 years old and over. According to retrospective analysis data with the use of standard case determination it was found out that CAUTI case rate amounted to 10,68 (95% CI 7,08–14,28) per 100 patients; stratified index of CAUTI incidence amounted to 32,86 per 1000 patient-days of catheterization (95% CI: 21,66–44,06). Epidemical process of CAUTI is characterized by high intensity, predominance of S. epidermidis. The result of the work was the development of a standard operating procedure for setting up a urethral catheter, which includes 8 stages of epidemiologically safe catheterization of the bladder. The proposed SOP on catheterization focuses on individual actions that require mandatory implementation and control.


Abstract:
 The coastal red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle L., was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands from Florida 100 yr ago and has spread to cover many shallow intertidal shorelines that once were unvegetated mudflats. We used a field survey approach to test whether mangroves at the land-ocean interface could indicate watershed inputs, especially whether measurements of leaf chemistry could identify coasts with high nutrient inputs and high mangrove productivities. During 2001–2002, we sampled mangroves on dry leeward coasts of southern Moloka'i and O'ahu for 14 leaf variables including stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (&dgr;13C, &dgr;15N), macronutrients (C, N, P), trace elements (B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), and cations (Na, Mg, K, Ca). A new modeling approach using leaf Na, N, P, and &dgr;13C indicated two times higher productivity for mangroves in urban versus rural settings, with rural mangroves more limited by low N and P nutrients and high-nutrient urban mangroves more limited by freshwater inputs and salt stress. Leaf chemistry also helped identify other aspects of mangrove dynamics: especially leaf &dgr;15N values helped identify groundwater N inputs, and a combination of strongly correlated variables (C, N, P, B, Cu, Mg, K, Ca) tracked the mangrove growth response to nutrient loading. Overall, the chemical marker approach is an efficient way to survey watershed forcing of mangrove forest dynamics.


This detailed and carefully reasoned study of the domestic architecture of Mies van der Rohe is a landmark contribution to contemporary understanding of the great architect's work. It is devoted to a close analysis of Mies' residential architecture, built and unbuilt, from 1923 to 1951. Many of its conclusions are pertinent to the whole of Mies' output.The book presents penetrating discussions of both the Concrete and the Brick Country House projects, two of the famous Five Projects of the 1920s which made Mies' early reputation; and, among others, the Lange and Esters Houses of 1927-1930; the Barcelona Pavilion and Tugendhat House of 1928-1930; and, in America, plans for a house in Wyoming for the Stanley Resors, and the Farnsworth House of 1946-1951. The analysis and the illustrations demonstrate a continuous development toward realization of the goal Mies himself described: "To bring Nature, houses and people into a higher unity."The original German language edition accompanied an exhibition organized by the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum, Krefeld, in conjunction with the Mies van der Rohe Archive of the Museum of Modern Art, New York, on the occasion of the public opening of the restored Lange and Esters Houses, now owned by the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum. All of the works exhibited are reproduced in this volume. Dr. Tegethoff's text, based on extensive research in the Mies Archive and other sources, brings to light much new information on the origins of Mies's ideas, his working methods and relationships with clients, as well as the actual planning and structure of the houses.Wolf Tegethoff is a member of the faculty of the Kunsthistorische Institut of the University of Kiel, Germany.


Cloud computing, at its most fundamental level, is a technology that allows computing to occur as an on-demand utility. Personalized medicine is revolutionizing the field of medicine, and aims to provide individualized treatment for patients, based on their genetic material and medical history, through comparisons to genetic material from thousands of other patients. Better patient outcomes are expected in a personalized medicine domain as compared to more generic generalized options. In this paper the authors explore the use of cloud computing in the area of personalized medicine examining unique benefits and opportunities. They also recognize and discuss the presence of some inherent risks. Using the cloud for personalized medicine can expedite collaborations and data collection across different clinicians, researchers and other stakeholders involved in the fight against diseases. This paper examines key elements associated with using cloud computing in the specialized area of personalized medicine.


Abstract The sounding mechanism in air-reed instruments is investigated based on the computational fluid dynamics. While previous studies have assumed a sound source based on the acoustic theory, the authors attempt in the present study to explain the source of sound as an essential factor defining the timbre of musical instruments. To deal with the high computational cost required to capture minute changes in pressure, a parallel supercomputer is employed for computation. The computational results are consistent with Brown's experimental equation, and new frequency components revealed only in this three-dimensional analysis are identified and attributed to the harmonics of the air jet.


A lacaziosis-like disease (LLD) was photographed on the skin of three Australian Snubfin Dolphins (Orcaella heinsohni) in Darwin Harbour in 2008 and 2010, and this represents the first report of the skin disease recorded in Australia on this species of dolphin. Lacaziosis-like disease is considered non-lethal, but it could be indicative of decreasing water quality and/or exposure to potentially immunosuppressive anthropogenic or environmental pressures. Photo-identification data provides an efficient and cost-effective approach for documenting the occurrence of LLD and monitoring for the prevalence and incidence of skin lesions in a dolphin population.


When Christian chapels were first built within British secular institutions such as
Great Ormond Street, they utilised the tradition of using stained glass to create
images of Christian narrative. Due to the association of stained glass with British
Christian churches, this research asks can stained glass continue to be used to
create narrative in such places or are other forms of artworks in glass more
appropriate?
Some of the formally Christian chapels are being adapted to become spaces
used by people of different faiths and those of no faith. The terms used to
describe these places are various. This study uses the term quiet room, as it is
inclusive, rather than prayer room, which implies an act of faith, or multi-faith
space that implies it is only for the practice of a religion. When referring to a
space or study that uses a different term, that will be used as appropriate.
This thesis includes case studies of four potential methods of art glass fabrication
used in sacred spaces, in order to understand how they might affect the use of
the space. A second set of case studies analyses the use of glass and imagery in
institutional multi-faith quiet rooms and discusses how glass is being used. Two
practice-based case studies explore the way in which, as a stained glass artist, I
design windows for sacred and secular spaces using knowledge acquired from
the previous case studies.
The case studies examining quiet rooms show glass continues to be used to
enhance the spaces for the multi-faith situation. From this and practice based
case studies it is suggested that despite the link with Christian churches, glass
artworks can be used effectively in quiet rooms if designed appropriately. This
thesis considers the use of natural imagery in quiet rooms and concludes that
light is of special interest both as a source of natural imagery as well as in its
relationship with glass. This thesis aims to be of interest to those involved in the
commissioning of and the artists creating new glass artworks in such spaces.


This paper describes the efforts in the PRATIQUE EU project to increase consistency that were integrated into the revised EPPO Decision-support scheme (DSS) for Pest Risk Analysis (PRA). The establishment section is used here to illustrate the changes and improvements of the DSS, as it has undergone the most comprehensive changes with reformulation and restructuring of many questions and detailed rating guidance. When revising the establishment section of the EPPO DSS for PRA, there were three principal objectives that influenced the revision: (i) to focus the assessment on the most relevant factors influencing establishment; (ii) to identify the area where establishment is possible before assessing the suitability of that area, and (iii) to enhance the consistency of the establishment section by providing rating guidance with sub-questions and examples. To simplify the process, some questions were rephrased as closed questions (answer is either yes or no). Clearer notes were provided to explain what information is needed to answer the questions. Furthermore, consistency has been enhanced by developing tools to help assessors when deciding on an appropriate overall risk rating and uncertainty score by providing a visual summary of the risk ratings and uncertainty scores ('Visualizer') and a method for integrating all the responses to the questions to provide a summary score for each major section and an overall assessment of risk ('Rule based matrix model').


In this contribution, we propose a novel linear piezoelectric motor with a compact stator that is driven by a single mode. The linear piezoelectric motor can realize bidirectional motion by changing the vibration modes of the stator. Finite element analysis is performed to determine the required vibration mode of the stator and obtain the optimal stator structure and dimensions. Furthermore, the trajectories of the driving foot are analyzed with and without consideration of the mechanical contact with the slider. It is shown that the trajectory of the driving foot is an oblique line when disregarding the contact, and the trajectory becomes an oblique ellipse while taking into account the contact. Finally, a prototype of the motor is fabricated based on the results of finite element analysis. The optimization results show that the motor reaches its maximum thrust force of 4.0 kg, maximum thrust-weight ratio of 33.3, maximum unloaded velocity of 385 mm/s under the excitation of Mode-B, and maximum unloaded velocity of 315 mm/s under the excitation of Mode-L.


Summary Genetic factors in the etiology of cancer are discussed as they are of concern to the epidemiologist. Results of basic studies in experimental animals do not foretell simple inheritance of cancer in man. Most types of cancer are inherited as threshold characters in which the cancer results from the interplay of multiple genetic and nongenetic factors. Response to carcinogens is controlled by the genotype of the individual, and thus the problem with environmental carcinogens will pertain for the most part to the genetically susceptible individuals. The propagation and transmission of tumor viruses are influenced by the genotype of the host, one of the more simple relationships being with the Rous sarcoma virus that appears to be controlled by a single dominant gene. This points to certain obstacles in the identification and study of possible human tumor viruses. Many specific genes on many chromosomes in the mouse have been shown to increase or decrease the occurrence of specific types of tumors. Often the genetic effect can be localized as controlling the response of the end organ, but other gene action paths have been demonstrated. Identification of the action of these genes at the biochemical level can be expected soon with the rapid development of biochemical genetics in the mouse and in mammalian cells. More knowledge of the malignant change can be expected from well-controlled studies in tissue culture. The possibility that this change may be related to readily observed gross chromosomal changes is discussed, but it is concluded that the basic malignant transformation is more likely to be some change in structure or function at the level of the gene.


A filter induced by the autoregressive pattern from an image is used to enhance the image itself. The enhanced image usually reveals the wave pattern and nonstationary structures more clearly than the original. Unlike the Fourier analysis, local structures in the image are still retained. The merits have been demonstrated on simulated data and synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) ocean imagery. >


The petroleum industry is institutionally complex and its operations are integrated across the entire supply chain.  In case of accidents, there are always major economic losses and serious environmental consequences which can damage the reputation of the companies. This makes reputation risk management very important and a major priority for the petroleum industry as it has the potential of erasing the business of any company in the industry. As a policy strategy, CSR plays significant role in shaping the perceptions of stakeholders about the activities of companies, hence has the potential of protecting companies against reputational crises. This study aims to critically examine the role CSR plays in Reputation Risk Management in the petroleum industry. It investigates and critically analyses Reputation Risk Management policies and the influence CSR initiatives have on stakeholders. After a general background introduction to the petroleum industry, it discusses the nature of reputation and reputation risk management, highlighting the existence of policy issues and the approach adopted in managing reputation risk in the petroleum industry. The study combined both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. The findings reveal that reputation is driven by regulatory compliance,  strong  financial  performance,  employees  and  customer  satisfaction,  good  corp orate governance  and  leadership.  It findings also show that being corporate responsible and insuring effective communication can drive reputation. A further investigation reveals that CSR programs implementation lead to the generation of these driving factors. However, analyses of responses show that reputation management depends on these benefits indicating that CSR as a policy strategy plays a significant role in RRM. In this regard, the study concluded that CSR initiatives can positively influence the desire to manage the reputation of companies in the petroleum industry. The study in it capacity as an empirical research recommends CSR as a holistic approach capable of building an everlasting reputation for companies within and outside the petroleum industry and therefore calls on companies to fully adopt CSR as a risk management strategy.


A culture of Aspergillus nidulans (FGSC 359) was gradually adapted for growth in media containing up to 2 M NaCl or was exposed to a salt shock with 2 M NaCl. The intracellular glycerol level increased by about 7.9-fold in salt-adapted and 2.4-fold in salt-shocked cultures when compared to the unadapted culture. The biosynthetic pathway involved in the accumulation of glycerol was investigated under long-term salt adaptation and short-term salt shock. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 188.8.131.52) was induced 1.4-fold in salt-shocked but not in salt-adapted cultures. An alternate enzymatic pathway involving glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP(+)-dependent) utilizing dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and/or DL-glyceraldehyde (DL-GAD) was induced by NaCl. DHA-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase activity was induced about 6.3-fold in salt-adapted and 1.35-fold in salt-shocked cultures, while DL-GAD-dependent activity was induced about 6.1-fold in salt-adapted and 1.2-fold in salt-shocked cultures. However, the level of glycerol dehydrogenase activity with DL-GAD as substrate was 7% of the DHA-dependent activity. We conclude that a salt-inducible NADP(+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase activity electrophoretically indistinguishable from previously described glycerol dehydrogenase I results in glycerol accumulation in salt-stressed A. nidulans.


We study a contextual version of online combinatorial optimisation with full and semi-bandit feedback. In this sequential decision-making problem, an online learner has to select an action from a combinatorial decision space after seeing a vector-valued context in each round. As a result of its action, the learner incurs a loss that is a bi-linear function of the context vector and the vector representation of the chosen action. We consider two natural versions of the problem: semi-bandit where the losses are revealed for each component appearing in the learner's combinatorial action, and full-bandit where only the total loss is observed. We design computationally efficient algorithms based on a new loss estimator that takes advantage of the special structure of the problem, and show regret bounds order √ T with respect to the time horizon. The bounds demon-strate polynomial scaling with the relevant problem parameters which is shown to be nearly op-timal. The theoretical results are complemented by a set of experiments on simulated data.


Small and medium-sized enterprises are a centrepiece of Europe?s economy. Due to their limited size and their generally lower creditworthiness, their access to financial market instruments is more limited than for large enterprises, which benefit from more elaborate Treasury operations, economies of scale also in their financing operations and, in particular, from access to securitized lending and stock markets. These limitations for SMEs may seriously limit their expansion potential and, in particular when it comes to lack of risk capital, their innovation and R&D activity. Against this background, a conference on "Financing SMEs in Europe" was jointly organised by SUERF and the Banque de France on 11 and 12 September 2008 in Paris. The conference addressed three issues: First, major theories of SMEs? financing behaviour were presented and evaluated. Second, the nexus between financing constraints and the growth and profitability of SMEs was investigated empirically on the basis of cross-country and a number of individual country case studies. Third, the special role of bank credit for SMEs, the consequences of Basel II on credit risk analysis and SMEs? possible strategic replies were discussed. This article aims to provide an overview of major lines of argument and insights derived from the conference, and draws some conclusions for the current financial crisis and economic downturn and for the longer-term.


The kinetics and various localizations of immune complex deposits in the skin are briefly described with special reference to clinical and experimental immune complex dermatoses. The complexes can localize in various areas of the skin of dermatoses and of experimentally induced lesions. The difference between transient and persistent immune complex dermatoses might provide an immune clue for the study of the kinetics and the biologic activity of immune complexes in the skin. Future research will focus on the detection of antigen, the enhanced elimination of immune complexes from skin or other organs and the regulation of inflammatory reactions.


This paper presents an application of a stochastic approximation EM-algorithm using a Metropolis-Hastings sampler to estimate the parameters of an item response latent regression model. Latent regression models are extensions of item response theory (IRT) to a 2-level latent variable model in which covariates serve as predictors of the conditional distribution of ability. Applications for estimating latent regression models for data from the 2000 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) grade 4 math assessment and the 2002 grade 8 reading assessment are presented and results of the proposed method are compared to results obtained using current operational procedures.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review whether organization identification has a role of mediation and whether emotional intelligence (EI) has a role of moderating in the relationship between organizational justice perception (OJP) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve the aim of the research, the data obtained from 388 employees of six shipyards in Yalova-Altinova Shipyards by survey technique were analyzed. To test the research hypotheses, SPSS (v22) PROCESS macro (v3.4) plugin developed by Hayes (2019) and Model 4 and Model 5 were used via the Bootstrap 5,000 sampling technique.FindingsThis study found that OJP impacts organizational identification (OI) and OCB. In addition, the research findings indicate that OI positively impacts OCB. This research reveals that OI played a mediating role in the relationship between OJP and OCB. However, the authors do not find support for the hypothesis that direct effect of OJP on OCB differs depending on the level of EI level.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation of this study is its sample that included only employees in shipyards. The results of this study will hopefully offer important insights into understanding and directing the human resources in shipyards conducting activities of construction, manufacturing, maintenance on the ships available at the center of maritime transportations.Originality/valueThis study draws attention to the causal relationships between the perception of OJP, OCB, OI and EI, which affect the organizational attitudes and behaviors of employees.


Novel anticancer vaccination regimens that can elicit large numbers of Ag-specific T cells are needed. When we administered therapeutic vaccines containing the MHC class I-presented self-peptide tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2180–188 and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) to mice, growth of the TRP-2-expressing B16F1 melanoma was not inhibited compared with growth in mice that received control vaccinations. When we added systemic IL-2 to the TRP-2180–188 plus CpG ODN vaccines, growth of B16F1 was inhibited in a CD8-dependent, epitope-specific manner. Vaccines containing TRP-2180–188 without CpG ODN did not cause epitope-specific tumor growth inhibition when administered with IL-2. The antitumor efficacy of the different regimens correlated with their ability to elicit TRP-2180–188-specific CD8+ T cell responses. When we administered TRP-2180–188 plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines with systemic IL-2, 18.2% of CD8+ T cells were specific for TRP-2180–188. Identical TRP-2180–188 plus CpG ODN vaccines given without IL-2 elicited a TRP-2180–188-specific CD8+ T cell response of only 1.1% of CD8+ T cells. Vaccines containing TRP-2180–188 without CpG ODN elicited TRP-2180–188-specific responses of 2.8% of CD8+ T cells when administered with IL-2. There was up to a 221-fold increase in the absolute number of TRP-2180–188-specific CD8+ T cells when IL-2 was added to TRP-2180–188 plus CpG ODN-containing vaccines. Peptide plus CpG ODN vaccines administered with IL-2 generated epitope-specific CD8+ T cells by a mechanism that depended on endogenous IL-6. This is the first report of synergism between CpG ODN and IL-2. This synergism caused a striking increase in vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells and led to epitope-specific antitumor immunity.


Plant pathogens can have great social and economic impact, and are a continuous threat to food security. This is clearly the case for Synchytrium endobioticum, the species causing potato wart disease. S. endobioticum is an obligate biotrophic fungus of the phylum Chytridiomycota (chytrids), which is a basal lineage in the fungal kingdom. The lack of chemical control agents, the impact of the pathogen (complete loss of tuber yields from infected field have been reported), and the production of resting spores that remain viable and infectious in infested soils for decades, led to a quarantine status for S. endobioticum in most countries world-wide. Potato wart disease has been reported from all continents where potato is cultivated, and strict phytosanitary control measures are enforced to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen. The use of resistant potato varieties has proven successful in achieving these goals. In chapter 1, over a century of potato wart research is reviewed to place our current knowledge in historic perspective. Observations from light microscopy and electron microscopy studies of S. endobioticum performed in the twentieth century are combined with recent molecular studies. Based on our current knowledge on molecular plant-pathogen interactions, a model is presented to describe the interaction between S. endobioticum and its host in particular with respect to plant resistance. Chapter 2 describes the independent sequencing, assembly and functionally annotation of two S. endobioticum genomes. A comparative genomics approach, in which knowledge acquired from other fungal taxa is exploited, is used to gain insights into genomic features underlying the obligate biotrophic and pathogenic lifestyle of the pathogen. Our study underlines the high diversity in chytrids compared to the well-studied Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and reflects biological differences between the phyla. Moreover, it highlights the surprising commonalities between plant pathogenic fungi that are so evolutionary distinct. In chapter 3, the within-species diversity is determined using mitochondrial genomes, and four major mitochondrial lineages are identified. Furthermore, mitochondrial genomic variation shows that S. endobioticum has likely been introduced into Europe multiple times, and that several pathotypes emerged multiple times. We also demonstrate that isolates represent communities of different genotypes, and that the use of semi-resistant potato cultivars triggers a rapid shift in the mitochondrial haplotype. This shift is associated with 266 increased virulence and is likely the result of disruptive selection in the community. Our analysis reveals diversity of S. endobioticum isolates, which is undetected with the currently used bioassays. In chapter 4, by means of an alternative "aboveground" bioassay, it is demonstrated that potato resistance genes are expressed in green aboveground plant organs similar to etiolated "belowground" sprouts. As potato wart resistance is active in both belowground and aboveground organs, the alternative bioassay can potentially speed up screening for S. endobioticum resistance in potato breeding programs as it omits the requirement for tuber formation. In addition, possibilities arise to express S. endobioticum effectors in potato leaves through agroinfiltration, thereby providing additional phenotyping tools for research and breeding. Chapter 5 describes the identification of the S. endobioticum effector AvrSen1, which represents the first effector gene identified in Chytridiomycota. A single dominant gene (Sen1) governs pathotype 1(D1) resistance and we hypothesized that the underlying molecular model would involve a pathogen effector (AvrSen1) that is recognized by the host. Expression of AvrSen1 in Sen1 plants showed a hypersensitive response which co-segregated with Sen1 in potato populations. In non-pathotypes 1(D1) isolates, five different variants resulting in the loss of recognition by the plant were observed suggesting that AvrSen1 is under strong selective pressure. Chapter 6 is a summarizing discussion in which the chapters are integrated, and several aspects linked to pathogenicity and pathotype diversity are further discussed. The impact of the research described in chapters 2 to 5 is specified. Finally, opportunities and challenges for future research on S. endobioticum are presented with a central role for an improved Avr-R gene based pathotyping system, which will contribute to the improvement of durable potato wart resistance breeding and phytosanitary control.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Ethnic background and family resources have not been sufficiently examined in relation to emotional disorders and their treatment in primary care settings. This study examined the diagnosis and management of psychological disorders in family practice patients to explore how ethnicity may affect the diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders.

METHODS
A random sample of family practice patients was selected from 1 year of office visits. The charts of 100 African-American and 100 Caucasian women were audited for primary and secondary diagnoses, presenting symptoms, prescriptions, psychotherapy referrals, history of domestic violence and substance use, and family and demographic characteristics. Chi-square tests of association and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS
Ethnic background was significantly associated with a diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder; 44% of Caucasian patients were diagnosed with an emotional disorder, compared with 24% of African-Americans. Proportionately more Caucasian patients with psychiatric diagnoses were treated with psychotropic medications. Patient race, marital status, and insurance status explained 15% of the variance in psychiatric diagnoses.

CONCLUSIONS
Women's ethnicity is significantly associated with the diagnosis of emotional disorders and their treatment.


Based on the Content Standard Curriculum (KTSP 2006), Senior High School students are hoped to get informational level because they are prepared to continue their study to the university. It means that they have to master the four skills of English; namely listening, speaking, reading and writing to gain knowledge and information from any sources in English.
Unfortunately, most of high school students regard that English is a difficult subject. This can be one of the reasons why their achievement is low. Another reason is that they have less motivation of learning English because there is no competitive atmosphere in their classroom. It can be worse when the teacher has to teach in a multi-level class where the students are from various levels of proficiency in English. The teacher has to find the appropriate method in teaching that accommodates both students with low proficiency and those with high proficiency in English subject.
Based on the problems above, the objectives of this study are to describe the effectiveness of Multi-level Grouping System (MGS) method to improve motivation and achievement of the Grade XII students of MA Walisongo Pecangaan Jepara in academic year 2011-2012. Furthermore this study is also meant to identify the strengths and weaknesses of using the MGS method in teaching English in multi-level classroom.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the writer conducted a classroom action research. This classroom action research was held at MA Walisongo Pecangaan Jepara started from July until December 2011. The subject of the study was the grade XII Students of MA Walisongo Pecangaan Jepara in academic year 2011-2012. But to save time and energy the writer focused the report only to one class that was Grade XII Social Program. It was a multilevel classroom where there were 27 students altogether; consisting of 21 girls and 9 boys with different level of proficiency.
The writer carried out three steps. The first step was the pre-test. The second step was the action. The action consisted of two cycles. The difference between these cycles was on topic of material and the technique used in class. Each cycle consisted of teaching and learning process and an evaluation test. The last steps were the post-test. The writer used field note and progress board to monitor the progress of the students' motivation and achievement. The writer also used handycam to observe the situation of the class during each activity of this study.
In analyzing the data, the writer used a descriptive qualitative and a simple quantitative measurement to find out the result. The analysis of the data is used to show the difference between the students' achievement in the pre-test and the students' achievement in the post-test. Based on this data, the writer drew conclusion about the effectiveness of Multi-level Grouping System (MGS) method to improve motivation and achievement of the Grade XII students of MA Walisongo Pecangaan Jepara in academic year 2011/2012.
By using the result of the pre-test and post-test, the writer made comparison between the students' scores before getting the treatment and the students' posttest scores after the treatment. The data showed that the students' scores in the pre-test before getting treatment were very bad. There were only 35% of the students got higher score than the KKM and 65% others were under the KKM. The mean of the whole students' scores in pre-test was 53.52. While the post-test score data showed that 70% of the students got scores higher than the KKM and only 30% of the students got lower score than the KKM and the mean was 71.74. The description of the data proved that there was significant increase of the students' achievement toward English subject. So in could be concluded that Multi-level Grouping System (MGS) was effective to improve motivation and achievement of the Grade XII students of MA Walisongo Pecangaan Jepara in academic year 2011/2012.
Due to the fact that Multilevel Grouping System is a new kind of teaching method, it still needs some improvement. It is suggested for teachers to apply this method combined with other teaching technique to get better result.


ABSTRACT Background: The dominant perspective in society is that stress has negative consequences, and not surprisingly, the vast majority of interventions for coping with stress focus on reducing the frequency or severity of stressors. However, the effectiveness of stress attenuation is limited because it is often not possible to avoid stressors, and avoiding or minimizing stress can lead individuals to miss opportunities for performance and growth. Thus, during stressful situations, a more efficacious approach is to optimize stress responses (i.e., promote adaptive, approach-motivated responses). Objectives and Conclusions: In this review, we demonstrate how stress appraisals (e.g., [Jamieson, J. P., Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2012). Mind over matter: reappraising arousal improves cardiovascular and cognitive responses to stress. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(3), 417–422. doi:10.1037/a0025719]) and stress mindsets (e.g., [Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716–733. doi:10.1037/a0031201]) can be used as regulatory tools to optimize stress responses, facilitate performance, and promote active coping. Respectively, these interventions invite individuals to (a) perceive stress responses as functional and adaptive, and (b) see the opportunity inherent in stress. We then propose a novel integration of reappraisal and mindset models to maximize the utility and effectiveness of stress optimization. Additionally, we discuss future directions with regard to how stress responses unfold over time and between people to impact outcomes in the domains of education, organizations, and clinical science.


Investigation of the self-assembly of peptides is critically important to clarify certain biophysical phenomena, fulfill some biological functions, and construct functional materials. However, it is still a challenge to precisely predict the self-assembled structures of peptides because of their complicated driving forces and various assembling pathways. In this work, to elucidate the effects of noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, molecular geometry, and hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions on the peptide self-assembly, a series of asymmetric bolaamphiphilic short peptides consisting of Ac-EI3K-NH2 (EI3K), Ac-EI4K-NH2 (EI4K), Ac-KI3E-NH2 (KI3E) and Ac-KI4E-NH2 (KI4E) were designed and their self-assembling behaviors at different solution pH values were investigated systematically. The peptides self-assembled into twisted nanofibers under most conditions except for EI4K in a strongly alkaline solution and KI4E under a strongly acidic condition, in which they self-assembled into nanotubes via helical monolayer nanosheet intermediates. In particular, KI4E nanotubes are formed under acidic conditions, and its diameters are ∼500 nm much greater than most of the self-assembled structures from bolaamphiphilic peptides. Moreover, reversible morphological transition between the nanotubes and twisted nanofibers was observed with the change in solution pH. Such tunable self-assembled structures and switchable surface properties of the asymmetric bolaamphiphilic short-peptides allow them to be used as templates to construct advanced materials. Silica and titania nanomaterials faithful to the peptide templates in morphology were prepared at ambient temperature. This work clearly elucidates the effects of noncovalent interactions on the peptide self-assembly and also provides new insights into the design and preparation of complicated inorganic materials from tunable organic templates.


THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TWOFOLD: TO ELUCIDATE THE UTILITY OF RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR ENDURANCE ATHLETES, AND PROVIDE THE PRACTITIONER WITH EVIDENCED-BASED PERIODIZATION STRATEGIES FOR CONCURRENT STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE TRAINING IN ATHLETIC POPULATIONS. BOTH LOW-INTENSITY EXERCISE ENDURANCE (LIEE) AND HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE ENDURANCE (HIEE) HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE AS A RESULT OF MAXIMAL, HIGH FORCE, LOW VELOCITY (HFLV) AND EXPLOSIVE, LOW-FORCE, HIGH-VELOCITY STRENGTH TRAINING. HFLV STRENGTH TRAINING IS RECOMMENDED INITIALLY TO DEVELOP A NEUROMUSCULAR BASE FOR ENDURANCE ATHLETES WITH LIMITED STRENGTH TRAINING EXPERIENCE. A SEQUENCED APPROACH TOSTRENGTHTRAINING INVOLVING PHASES OF STRENGTHENDURANCE, BASIC STRENGTH, STRENGTH, AND POWER WILL PROVIDE FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS IN LIEE AND HIEE FOR HIGHLEVEL ENDURANCE ATHLETES.


This qualitative comparative case study was guided by a feminist-materialist theoretical framework, and examined how power relationships predominantly based on gender but including race, class, and age were manifested in higher education classrooms of adult students. Two master's level counseling classes were chosen for the study, one was taught by a male professor and the other by a femal professor. The predominant means of data collection were audiotaped participant-observations of the classes; interviews and document analysis were additional sources of data. Data were analyzed according to the constant comparative method. Major findings of the study are: (a) students who benefit from interlockng systems of privilege have more power in the classroom; (b) the male professor tended to exert more control than the female professor; and (c) middle-aged women with more education tend to be more participatory, at least in classes where affective forms of knowledge are valued.


Citizens are increasingly aware of the influence of environmental and meteorological conditions on the quality of their life. The consequence of this awareness is the demand for personalized environmental information, i.e., information that is tailored to their specific context and background. The EU-funded project PESCaDO addresses this demand in its full complexity. It aims to develop a service that supports the user in questions related to environmental conditions in that it searches for reliable data in the web, processeses these data to deduce the relevant information and communicates this information to the user in the language of their preference. In this paper, we describe the requirements and the working service-based realization of the infrastructure of the service.


We present a novel watermarking scheme to ensure the credibility of digital images. The proposed technique is able to detect malicious tampering of images even if they have been incidentally distorted by basic image processing operations. Our system is based on the quantization of wavelet packet coefficients and uses characteristics of the human visual system to maximize the embedding weights while keeping good perceptual transparency. We develop an image-dependant method to evaluate, in the discrete wavelet domain, the optimal quantization steps allowing the tamper proofing of still images. The nature of multiresolution discrete wavelet decomposition allows the spatial and frequency localization of image tampering. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the capacity of our system to detect unauthorized modification of images while staying robust to image compression.


This work presents two new techniques to generate harmonic RF signals using optical fiber devices. Both proposed systems are efficient to generate up to 15th harmonic from a 1 GHz RF signal. This systems have the advantages of simplicity, low cost of implementation and the ability to generate multiple harmonics from the frequency signal provided by a RF generator.


This paper deals with the study of degradation of crude oil using biodiesel from two different sources having different degree of saturation. Biodiesel is normally produced for meeting the energy demand in the market, can also be used for the degradation purpose because of its solvent nature on hydrocarbons. This property is used to degrade the crude oil by dissolve the complex hydrocarbon chains in it, thereby reducing its viscosity and enhancing its handling. The feedstocks used for biodiesel production are oil from seeds of Mimusops elengi (unsaturated oil) and waste beef tallow (saturated Fat). The biodiesel was produced by the means of base catalyzed methanol transesterification reaction. The most optimized blending ratio between crude oil to biodiesel was found to be 1:1.95 (crude oil: biodiesel) for elengi biodiesel and 1:1.85 (crude oil: biodiesel) for tallow biodiesel and the retention time for elengi oil and tallow biodiesel was found to be 16 days and 24 days respectively. The maximum degradation rate that was achieved by this technique was 95%. This method proves to be a renewable option for degrading the spilled crude oil during wreckages with limited environmental concerns in ecofriendly manner.


Selected herbicides for the control of weeds in direct
seeded rice were studied. The phytotoxicity of the herbicides,
2, 4-D amine, 2, 4-DIBE-butachlor, butachlor, benthiocarb and molinate
were evaluated in two studies using petri dishes and plastic pots.
A field study was also carried out to determine the efficacy of weed
control of 2, 4-DIBE-butachlor, butachlor and molinate.
2, 4-D amine and benthiocarb were found to behighly
phytotoxic when applied as a preemergent and as an early postemergent. Molinate was safe to apply as a preemergent. All the
herbicides evaluated were more toxic when applied during the early
postemergent period 14 days after sowing than when applied later at
35 days after sowing.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to describe subsequent pregnancy outcome in women with a history of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome for which delivery occurred at < or = 28 weeks of gestation during the index pregnancy.

STUDY DESIGN
A descriptive report of women with previous hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome who were delivered between August 1984 and July 1998 at the E.H. Crump Women's Hospital (Memphis, Tenn) and between March 1994 and July 1998 at the Central Baptist Hospital (Lexington, Ky). To have adequate time to study subsequent pregnancy outcome, only patients who were delivered >2 years before the analysis were included. Medical records of the index pregnancy and subsequent outcomes were available for review.

RESULTS
Adequate follow-up data were available in 69 patients; the median duration of follow-up was 5 years (range: 2-14 years). There were 76 subsequent pregnancies among 48 women, of which 62 pregnancies (82%) progressed beyond 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia developed in 34 of 62 subsequent pregnancies (55%). Recurrent hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome developed in 4 of these pregnancies (6%), and abruptio placentae developed in 3 of these pregnancies (5%). There were no cases of eclampsia in our population. Delivery before 37 weeks of gestation occurred in 33 of the cases (53%), and 17 of the newborn infants (27%) were small for gestational age (<10th percentile). The perinatal mortality rate was 11%.

CONCLUSION
Patients with a history of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome at < or = 28 weeks of gestation during the index pregnancy are at increased risk for obstetric complications in subsequent pregnancies. Overall, however, the rate of recurrent hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome is only 6%.


Breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor positive tumors face a constant risk of disease recurrence for the remainder of their lives. Dormant tumor cells residing in tissues such as the bone marrow may generate clinically significant metastases many years after initial diagnosis. Previous studies suggest that dormant cells display "stem like" properties (CSCs), which may be regulated by the immune system. Although many studies have examined tumor cell intrinsic characteristics of dormancy, the role of the immune system in controlling dormancy and its escape is not well understood. This scientific gap is due, in part, to a lack of immunocompetent mouse models of breast cancer dormancy with many studies involving human xenografts in immunodeficient mice. To overcome this limitation, we studied dormancy in immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models. We find that PyMT, Met-1 and D2.0R cell lines contain CSCs that display both short- and long-term metastatic dormancy in vivo, which is dependent on the host immune system. Natural killer cells were key for the metastatic dormancy phenotype observed for D2.0R and the role of NK cells in regulating CSCs was further investigated. Quiescent D2.0R CSC are resistant to NK cytotoxicity, while proliferative D2.0R CSC were sensitive to NK cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. This resistance was mediated, in part, by the expression of Bach1 and Sox2 transcription factors. NK killing was enhanced by the STING agonist MSA-2. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the important role of immune regulation of breast tumor dormancy and highlight the importance of utilizing immunocompetent models to study this phenomenon.


Household food handling practices is important to ensure safe food consumed by family members. Consumption of safe food is needed to support optimal nutritional status. The Indonesia Food and Drug Agency (2015) data showed that foodborne illness in families i.e 40.98%. This indicates a high food safety risk in household processed food, therefore it is necessary to study and evaluate the food handling practices in family. The purpose of this study was to provide data of food handling practices, consumption pattern and family nutrition status in Kopo, Serang, Banten. The study involved 100 respon-dents (family) consisting of father, mother and two children. Data were obtained through questionnaire, surveys and physical observation of respondents. The design of this study was cross-sectional and descriptive analysis. The assessment suggested that 74% of families have been implemented good food handling practices. Percentage of good nutritional status of each family member includes father (70%), mother (83%) and children (95%). 76% respondents consume six or more groups of food sources such as carbohydrates, animal and plant proteins, fats, fruits and vegetables while some other respondents lacked of animal protein and fruit consumption.


N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent modification present in the mRNAs of higher eukaryotes. YTH domain family 2 (YTHDF2), an m6A "reader" protein, can recognize mRNA m6A sites to mediate mRNA degradation. However, the regulatory mechanism of YTHDF2 is poorly understood. To this end, we investigated the post-transcriptional regulation of YTHDF2. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the microRNA miR-145 might target the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of YTHDF2 mRNA. The levels of miR-145 were negatively correlated with those of YTHDF2 mRNA in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, and immunohistochemical staining revealed that YTHDF2 was closely associated with malignancy of HCC. Interestingly, miR-145 decreased the luciferase activities of 3′-UTR of YTHDF2 mRNA. Mutation of predicted miR-145 binding sites in the 3′-UTR of YTHDF2 mRNA abolished the miR-145-induced decrease in luciferase activity. Overexpression of miR-145 dose-dependently down-regulated YTHDF2 expression in HCC cells at the levels of both mRNA and protein. Conversely, inhibition of miR-145 resulted in the up-regulation of YTHDF2 in the cells. Dot blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the overexpression of miR-145 strongly increased m6A levels relative to those in control HCC cells, and this increase could be blocked by YTHDF2 overexpression. Moreover, miR-145 inhibition strongly decreased m6A levels, which were rescued by treatment with a small interfering RNA-based YTHDF2 knockdown. Thus, we conclude that miR-145 modulates m6A levels by targeting the 3′-UTR of YTHDF2 mRNA in HCC cells.


For improved surface properties, nonwoven fabrics of polypropylene and poly(ethylene terephthalate) were treated with several kinds of surfactants, including anionic, cationic, and nonionic types. The adsorption isotherms of the anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants on the nonwoven fabrics were different. The adsorption isotherm of the cationic surfactant (dodecyl dimethylbenzyl/ammonium chloride) exhibited a maximum. The adsorption isotherm of the anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) was in the shape of the fifth Brunauer adsorption isotherm, and that of the nonionic surfactant (alkylphenol/ethylene oxide condensate) was similar to the fourth Brunauer adsorption isotherm. The time of the adsorption equilibrium was constant for the same types of adsorbate and adsorbent, and it was not related to the initial concentration. The specific surface resistance of the nonwoven fabrics decreased substantially after the adsorption of ionic surfactants. The nonwoven fabrics with the surfactants were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3210–3215, 2003


A patient with Bruton's X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, who developed the typical syndrome associated with systemic echovirus 3 infection whilst on routine intramuscular gammaglobulin replacement therapy, is described. Following regular infusions of specific antibody-containing plasma from his spouse, he has shown sustained clinical improvement over a period of two years, and is, therefore, one of the very rare cases with this syndrome to survive for more than a few months.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Presentation to the emergency department with renal colic has been reported as between 6.7 and 27.9 per 1000 emergency department visits. Clinicians rely on various radiological investigations for the prompt and accurate diagnosis of urolithiasis. This review assesses the validity of the colour Doppler ultrasonographic twinkling artefact (TA) sign as a diagnostic tool for the presence of urolithiasis. A systematic search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed (October 2018) using specific search terms. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines and the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2) tool were applied to rank and evaluate selected studies. Twenty-two articles that included 4389 participants were assessed. The median sample size was 102.5 (interquartile range: 47–292.5) and the age range of participants was 4–91 years. Meta-analysis of the studies that provided sufficient data resulted in a pooled sensitivity and specificity for the ultrasonographic TA sign of 88.16 [95% confidence interval (CI): 87.07–89.19%] and 79.22% (95% CI: 73.41–84.26%) respectively, with an estimated summary effect of 3.84 (95% CI: 1.08–6.60, P 0.006) in log odds ratio terms. There was significant interstudy heterogeneity as suggested by an I2-statistic of 94.51% (95% CI: 94.51–99.58) and an estimated τ2 parameter of 7.21 (SE: 7.44). Despite the suboptimal pooled sensitivity and specificity of the TA sign and the large heterogeneity between published studies, the current body of evidence suggests that the colour Doppler ultrasonographic TA sign may be useful as a complementary tool in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected urolithiasis.


This paper discusses the outcome of a hydraulic fracturing concept in a complex commingled water flood field with dense infill well spacing. The objective was to prove this concept of fracturing in a graywater flood field to improve oil production and increase the recovery factor.
 A mature oil field in the central Sultanate of Oman is facing production decline. The flank part of the field is not meeting the expected production even with water flooding. The main challenge is how to communicate between the injector wells and the producer wells. The 5-spot patterns are not showing effectiveness in the flank area. The heterogeneous reservoir complexity and tightness are the main factors for that. The water zones are very close to or imbedded in between the reservoirs.
 A careful candidate selection exercise was conducted from the field's 140+ wells. Factors assessed included spacing between producers and injectors, multiple commingled reservoirs, proximity to the Oil Water Contact (OWC), and petrophysical parameters.
 A successful fracturing trial in one of the wells, located in the southern part of the field and five kms away from nearest oil producer, was followed with a selection of fracture candidates inside the main field. The method of selection was to gather all well data and select criteria to narrow the list to those wells with a higher success probability to help prove a new concept of fracturing in the middle of water injectors and oil producers by controlling fracture length propagation and height containments. A candidate was selected and the fracturing design was manipulated with different scenarios to overcome challenging oil water contact and control fracture propagation to avoid nearby producers and water injectors. The fracture was design selected and the operation successfully implemented, which resulted in a contained fracture confirmed by the low water cut, salinity results, and the radioactive tracer. One lesson learned from the first fractured well was that the pump design should be optimized to sustain a new production profile after the fracture treatment. Triple production resulted from the initial production stage and a fracturing proposal was prepared to follow the success of the operation.


To make progress in learning the underlying fundamental theory, it will be necessary to combine bottom-up phenomenology and top-down analysis -- in particular, top-down is unlikely to succeed alone. Here I elaborate on the role of both, and describe obstacles that need to be overcome to help data point toward the underlying theory, as well as approaches that might help to bypass full systematic treatments. I also summarize arguments that superpartners are probably being produced at the Tevatron Collider.


1024x768 ABSTRACT LINGUISTIC DEVICES OF E-COMMERCE'S TAGLINES IN 30 UNDER 30 ASIA FORBES 2016 Jimy Candra Gunawan Universitas Negeri Malang firstname.lastname@example.com This present study aims to reveal the linguistic devices, which specifically relies on the syntactic and semantic pattern, found in the taglines of 30 Under 30 E-Commerce Forbes 2016 as seen using Leech theory. Using a descriptive qualitative design, this study involves 21 taglines out of the 30 taglines provided by Forbes. The source of data are purely taken from the official website of Forbes and each website of the e-commerce company. The results shows that (1) most of the taglines are written in the form of phrase, with the noun phrase (14 out of 21) as the most frequent form (94%) used in the taglines of the e-commerce company; (2) the sentences usually used in the taglines are in the form of imperative and exclamative sentence; (3) the figure of speech related to syntax found in the taglines are parallelism, ellipsis, and epiphora. For the semantic patterns, the researcher has also found the taglines with the results as follows: (1) the most frequent figure of speech (38%) used in taglines is synecdoche (8 out of 21); (2) most of the taglines address the narrator using an implicit first person form; and (3) most of the taglines address the narrate using no form at all (71%). Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Feature selection plays a vital role for every data analysis application. Feature selection aims to choose prominent set of features after removing redundant and irrelevant features from original set of features. High Dimensional dataset poses a challenging task for Machine Learning algorithms. Many state-of-art solutions were developed to handle this issue. High dimensionality in addition to imbalance ratio in the dataset becomes a tedious task. To overcome the issue, this paper introduces a novel method namely Pearson's Redundancy Based Multi Filter algorithm with improved BAT algorithm (PRBMF-iBAT) to obtain multiple feature subsets. PRBMF is implemented using multiple filters to obtain highly relevant features. iBAT algorithm uses these features to find best subset of features for classification. The results prove that PRBMF-iBAT perform better for the classifier in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F- Measure for three micro array datasets with SVM classifier. The proposed system achieves 97.99% of accuracy as highest compared to the existing rCBR-BGOA algorithm.


Since the end of the 1970s a global method has been developed and improved to characterise the radioecological impact of French nuclear power plants (PWRs) on the marine ecosystems. The environment of every nuclear plant is examined yearly, in addition to special studies carried out before plant operations begin and after each period of ten years. Three nuclear power plants are situated on the Channel coast (Flamanville, Paluel, Penly) and one on the North Sea coast (Gravelines). Near the power plants local radioecological impact is measurable and is essentially due to 58 Co, 60 Co and 110 Ag m . The monitoring of artificial gamma-emitter radioactivity in bioindicators (Fucus sp.) reveals the overall decline in releases from the four power stations in question ( 58 Co, 60 Co and 110 Ag m ) as well as the more marked decrease in relation to the reprocessing plant at La Hague ( 106 Ru, 60 Co, 125 Sb, 241 Am).


Astragalus podolobus is a native species of Turkmen Sahra and is used in rangelands in arid and semiarid hilly loess soil located in north of Gonbad-e Qabus. For cultivation and establishment of this species, different propagation methods for the experiments had been used in pastures of Dashli Borun. In this study, 4 treatments for propagation and 6 treatments for establishment of this species were considered. For propagation of this plant, 4 treatments, including NAA and IBA hormones, were applied for cuttings and reproduction of plants by seeds. The experiments were conducted as completely randomized design. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that propagation by seed is the most appropriate method for A. podolobus plant. Thirty percent of seedling survived when seeds were used for propagation in plastic pots. In the cultivation and establishment of seedlings in rangeland in March, 91% survival rate was observed and in December, survival rate was recorded as 65%. Growing plants from seedlings cultivated in December showed more vigorous growth than the winter cultivation.


The role of the middle ear (ME) epithelium is primarily to keep the cavities air-filled and fluid-free. This condition requires elimination of mucus and cellular debris from the tympanic cavity by the ciliary activity. This clearance activity may be related to active ion transport processes in the epithelium. This paper presents a review of the experimental data suggesting the existence of ion transports in ME, and demonstrating the contribution of the culture of ME epithelial cells to the investigation of ion transport properties. Primary cultures of ME epithelial cells from Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were undertaken. Polarized monolayers exhibited domes on non-porous supports. On porous supports, the absorptive function was shown to be related to a Na+ absorption from apical to basal sides of the epithelium, by means of apical amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels and basolateral Na+, K(+)-ATPase. In turn, this sodium absorption would generate an osmotic gradient and drive a water flow. An amiloride-induced chloride transport is also suggested. A hormonal modulation of these ion transport properties might play a role in the development of the mucociliary impairment that initiates chronic otitis media. The establishment of a middle ea cell line using wild-type SV 40 infection is in progress. This might provide further information on the physiology of the ME.


The spirit of Web 2.0 is through the collective power of communities to create, share and comment on the opinions of the user and others. The purpose of this study is to use the concept of Web 2.0 to design an English article recommendation system for senior high school students who are reading and learning. Five different databases of English vocabularies are utilized in this work. First, IWiLL, SHSETs and Web News Corpus are used for data preprocessing. Then they are combined with the GEPT level six to do article difficulty calculation. Lastly, phrases of three words in the article are compared with PyDict dictionary to translate into Chinese for learners to remember and learn. In this study, the system is combined with Facebook; learners only need to use a Facebook account to log on to the system with the use of Facebook Social Plugins components so that learners who like the article may share and recommend it to friends on Facebook. Index Terms Web 2.0, Facebook, Recommendation System.


Introduction: Knowing the color distribution of natural teeth and as a result the availability of the dentures teeth with the required colors is essential for patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the color of natural teeth by two shade guides, Vita tooth guide 3D-Master and Vitapan Classical, in patients referring to prosthodontics department of Babol dental school in 2013-14. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 patients referring to the Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Babol, in 2013-14, who had maxillary central incisors. The color of buccal surface of maxillary left or right central incisor was determined by the visual method using Vitapan Classical and Vita tooth guide 3D-Master. The study data were analyzed applying descriptive statistics. Results: According to Vitapan Classical, the A color group revealed the highest frequency with 156 (78%) cases, among which an abundance of A2 with 84 cases (42%) was the most common. Based on the Vita tooth guide 3D-Master shade, the most common tooth color involved 2M2 (90 (45%)). Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated the A2 color and 2M2 as the most common colors of teeth in Vitapan Classical and Vita tooth guide 3D-Master color shade respectively.


The intracellular silver accumulation ({Ag}(in)) upon exposure to carbonate coated silver nanoparticles (AgNP, 0.5-10 μM, average diameter 29 nm) and silver nitrate (20-500 nM) was examined in the wild type and in the cell wall free mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at pH 7.5. The {Ag}(in) was measured over time up to 1 h after a wash procedure to remove silver ions (Ag(+)) and AgNP from the algal cell surface. The {Ag}(in) increased with increasing exposure time and with increasing AgNP and AgNO(3) concentrations in the exposure media, reaching steady-state concentrations between 10(-5) and 10(-3) mol L(cell)(-1). According to estimated kinetic parameters, high Ag(+) bioconcentration factors were calculated (>10(3) L L(cell)(-1)). Higher accumulation rate constants were assessed in the cell wall free mutant, indicating a protective role of the cell wall in limiting Ag(+) uptake. The bioavailability of AgNP was calculated to be low in both strains relative to Ag(+), suggesting that AgNP internalization across the cell membrane was limited.


The theme of this paper is not an easy one. The difficulty of our subject is twofold: on the one hand, two of its three facets (peace and human rights) raise conceptual and interpretative problems; on the other hand, to deal with them together would involve finding a common factor, something which is not obvious even—perhaps especially—within the limited framework of the Red Cross movement.


Purpose – This paper aims to measure access to food in an inner London borough. Design/methodology/approach – There were six phases, which included designing food baskets, consultation with local residents and a shop survey. Recognising the cultural make-up of the borough food baskets and menus were developed for four key communities, namely: White British, Black Caribbean, Turkish, and Black African. Three areas were identified for the study and shopping hubs identified with a 500-metre radius from a central parade of shops. Findings – The findings paint an intricate web of interactions ranging from availability in shops to accessibility and affordability being key issues for some groups. It was found that in the areas studied there was availability of some key healthy items, namely fresh fruit and vegetables, but other items such as: fresh meat and poultry, fish, lower fat dairy foods, high fibre pasta and brown rice were not available. Access was found to be defined, by local people, as more extensive than just physical distance to/from shops – for many shopping was made more difficult by having to use taxis and inconvenient buses. Small shops were important in delivering healthy food options to communities in areas of deprivation and were judged to offer a better range and more appropriate food than the branches of the major supermarket chains. Research limitations/implications – The importance of monitoring the impact of shops and shop closures on healthy food availability is emphasised. From a policy perspective the findings suggest that approaches based on individual agency need to be balanced with upstream public health nutrition approaches in order to influence the options available. Originality/value – The paper is arguably the first to examine and dissect the issue of food availability and accessibility in the inner London borough in question, especially in the light of its proposed redevelopment for the London Olympics in 2012.


Let X be a compact complex manifold of dimension k and f : X −→ X be a dominating meromorphic map. We generalize the notion of topological entropy, by defining a quantity h top (m,l)(f) which measures the action of f on local analytic sets W of dimension l with W ⊂ f(∆) where ∆ is a local analytic set of dimension m. We give then inequalities between h top (m,l)(f) and Lyapounov exponents of suitable invariant measures. Key-words: entropy, analytic sets. Classification: 37B40, 37F10, 32Bxx.


One's thought patterns become different . . . when forced into the confines of a rigid and unfamiliar tongue. Certain common ideas become inexpressible; other, previously undreamt-of ones spring to life, finding miraculous new articulation. By necessity, I suppose, it is difficult for me to explain in English exactly what I mean. I can only say that an incendium is in its nature entirely different from the feu with which a Frenchman lights his cigarette, and both are very different from the stark, inhuman pur that the Greeks knew, the pur that roared from the towers of Ilion or leapt and screamed on that desolate, windy beach, from the funeral pyre of Patroklos. — Donna Tartt, The Secret History (1992)


The β-D-galactopyranoside of the tetracosanoic acid ( 1 ) was isolated from the stem barks of Erythrina addisoniae along with known tetracosanoic acid ( 2 ), α-sophoradiol ( 3 ), stigmasterol ( 4 ), warangalone ( 5 ), 3- O β-D-glucopyranoside of β-sitosterol ( 6 ) and 7- O -β-D-glucopyranoside of daidzein ( 7 ). Two known compounds (erythrinasinate (8) and erycristagallin ( 9 )) were also isolated from the root barks of Erythrina mildbraedii . Their structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical transformation. KEY WORDS : Erythrina addisoniae , Erythrina mildbraedii , Root barks, Stem barks, Leguminosae, Glucoside acid Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014 , 28(1), 155-159. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i1.19


The grain length distributions in the longitudinal direction of 80 nm wide Cu interconnects as a function of interconnect height and grain size influence on the resistivity have been investigated. Cu interconnects with 300 nm and 500 nm height had very similar average grain lengths when the trench depth was less than 260 nm, while for the 500 nm high Cu interconnect, larger grains were dominant when the trench depth was above 260 nm. Resistivity of the 80 nm wide Cu interconnect with 500 nm height was 10% lower than that for the 300 nm high interconnect.


Recently increasing populations of Herring Gulls (Larus urgentutus) in Newfoundland were food stressed by the late arrival of capelin (M&lotus villosus), the main prey fed to chicks, to inshore waters in 1992-1993. Our purpose was to determine how this food shortage would affect inter-habitat differences in breeding performance on Great Island, Newfoundland. A previous study comparing breeding success among rocky, puffin, and meadow habitats identified rocky as the preferred habitat and provided equivocal support for an ideal-free distribution. We predicted that food stress would accentuate differences between birds assorted by competitive ability and result in higher breeding success for pairs nesting in preferred habitat, as predicted by ideal-despotic and phenotype-limited ideal-free habitat selection models. Responses to food shortage included later hatching, smaller clutches, and reduced hatching and fledging success. Arrival of capelin four weeks after hatching began resulted in an advantage for late-hatched chicks and a reversal of the typical positive relationship between breeding success and large, early laid clutches. Higher and buffered nest density, and a greater proportion of pairs laying eggs indicated that rocky was still the preferred habitat. However, breeding success was as high or, more frequently, higher in other habitats in this and previous studies, contrary to predictions of habitat selection models. That rocky was the original nesting habitat on Great Island suggests an ultimate, probably genetic, component to habitat selection by Herring Gulls, which, in the absence of consistent trends in habitat suitability, may have maintained the preference for rocky habitat. Kev words: breeding failure. cauelin. food shortage, habitut selection, Herring Gull,


In many arid and semi-arid regions whether or not to desalinate seawater has long been a non-issue and policy debates are focused on the timing and extent of the desalination activities. We analyze how water scarcity and demand structure, on the one hand, and cost reduction via R&D programs, on the other hand, affect the desirable development of desalination technologies and the time profiles of fresh and desalinated water supplies. We show that the optimal R&D policy is of a non-standard most rapid approach path (NSMRAP) type, under which the state of desalination technology — the accumulated learning from R&D efforts — should approach a pre-specified target processas rapidly as possible and proceed along it thereafter. The NSMRAP property enables a complete characterization of the optimal water policy. The renewable nature of the fresh water stock permits a non-monotonic behavior of the optimal stock process: under certain conditions, the stock is depleted, to be (fully or partly) refilled at a later date. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification:Q16; Q25


Background: Most people would prefer to die at home as opposed to hospital; therefore, understanding mortality patterns by place of death is essential for health resources allocation. Aim: We examined trends and risk factors for hospital death in conditions needing palliative care in a country without integrated palliative care. Design: This is a death certificate study. We examined factors associated with hospital death using logistic regression. Setting/participants: All adults (1,045,381) who died between 2003 and 2012 in Portugal were included. We identified conditions needing palliative care from main causes of death: cancer, heart/cerebrovascular, renal, liver, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases, dementia/Alzheimer's/senility and HIV/AIDS. Results: Conditions needing palliative care were responsible for 70.7% deaths (N = 738,566, median age 80); heart and cerebrovascular diseases (43.9%) and cancer (32.2%) accounted for most. There was a trend towards hospital death (standardised percentage: 56.3% in 2003, 66.7% in 2012; adjusted odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.04). Hospital death risk was higher for those aged 18–39 years (3.46, 3.25–3.69 vs aged 90+), decreasing linearly with age; lower in dementia/Alzheimer's/senility versus cancer (0.13, 0.13–0.13); and higher for the married and in HIV/AIDS (3.31, 3.00–3.66). Effects of gender, working status, weekday and month of death, hospital beds availability, urbanisation level and deprivation were small. Conclusion: The upward hospital death trend and fact that being married are risk factors for hospital death suggest that a reliance on hospitals may coexist with a tradition of extended family support. The sustainability of this model needs to be assessed within the global transition pattern in where people die.


Contraction-relaxation coupling was studied in rat and guinea-pig papillary muscles during chronic pressure overload induced by aortic stenosis and during acute hypoxia. Coefficient R1 (ratio between maximum shortening and lengthening velocities of the isotonic twitch loaded with preload only) and coefficient R2 (ratio between the positive and negative peak force derivatives of the isomeric twitch) tested the contraction-relaxation coupling under low and heavy load respectively. Cardiac hypertrophy was similar in guinea-pigs (+43 +/- 5%) and rats (+55 +/- 7%). In both species, cardiac hypertrophy significantly impaired contraction and relaxation phases. In the rat, neither R1 (-1 +/- 4%) nor R2 (-5 +/- 4%) varied significantly during cardiac hypertrophy whereas, in the guinea-pig, an increase in R1 (+56 +/- 18%), P less than 0.001) and in R2 (+26 +/- 9%, P less than 0.01) was noted. These species-related differences might be linked in part to differences in sarcoplasmic reticulum function and myosin ATPase activity. Acute hypoxia, which leads to a decrease in cellular ATP levels, was responsible for a marked decrease in myocardial performance, while R1 increased (+66 +/- 8%, P less than 0.05) and R2 decreased (-14 +/- 1%, P less than 0.05). These results showed that chronic pressure overload modified the contraction-relaxation coupling in a characteristic manner according to the species studied and these changes differed from those observed during acute hypoxia.


Aim: This exploratory study assessed (1) the associations between three major types of social support (perceived, actual and structural) and post-injury daily functioning and (2) the ability of subjective-objective social support dyads to predict rehabilitation outcome among traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients one-year post- discharge. Method: Using a prospective study design, 20 SCI patients of workforce age discharged from the Royal Talbot Rehabilitation Hospital, Melbourne, Australia during 2007 were assessed on a range of demographic, injury and social support variables. Post-injury daily functioning was assessed 12-months post-discharge. Results: Bivariate analyses revealed that the three major types of social support were associated with better post-injury daily functioning. Multivariate analyses revealed that the dyad of (subjective) perceived social support and (objective) community integration was the best predictor of successful rehabilitation outcome. For all three social support dyads, the subjective component contributed greater unique variance to the overall predictive ability of the model than did the accompanying objective component. Conclusions: Use of psychometrically sound scales that incorporate objective and subjective measures of social support may provide a more effective means of evaluating the contribution of social support to rehabilitation outcome, plus indicate whether desired social support levels satisfactorily match those received.


Abstract The number of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) procedures performed for thoracic disease has been increasing. Recently, a narrow-profile vascular stapler (Signia small-diameter reload, Covidien Japan, Tokyo, Japan) has been developed to provide superior access and precise staple placement in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedures. A 70-year-old man who was an exsmoker visited our hospital with a complaint of coughing. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumor with a cavity, ~55 mm in diameter, in the right-middle lobe. A 4-arm RATS right-middle lobectomy was performed with a 4-cm utility thoracotomy with da Vinci Xi (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The pulmonary vessels were divided using a narrow-profile vascular stapler through an 8-mm port. No complications occurred in the postoperative course. With a narrow-profile vascular stapler, portal RATS can be performed after VATS lung biopsy using 8-mm ports.


This paper attempts to reassess the political and nationalistic agenda of the book of Daniel in relation to post-Enlightenment biblical theology's affirmation of the perspectives and needs of the particular over against the universal. It calls for a unified reading of the two major parts of the book, the court tales in Daniel 1-6 and the visions in Daniel 7-12, in an effort to demonstrate three major points: 1) the political and religious aims of the Hasmonean revolt permeate the entire edited form of the book, not only the visions; 2) the use of mythological and symbolic language reflects the perspectives of the priesthood and the Jerusalem Temple that envision a correlation between the events of heaven and those of earth; and 3) in contrast to prophetic books, such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, that identify the conquest and punishment of Israel/Judah as an expression of Yhwh's will, Daniel identifies Yhwh with the overthrow of foreign oppression. Although Daniel is an apocalyptic book, it is heavily concerned with the events of this world and represents an attempt to change it for the better.


Ales Vodopivec and Rok Znidarsic , editors Edvard Ravnikar: Architect and Teacher ; Vienna and New York: Springer-Verlag, 2010, 348 pp., 442 b/w and 33 color illus. $89.95 (cloth), ISBN 9783211992036

Edvard (Edo) Ravnikar (1909––1993), born in the Austro-Hungarian city of Ljubljana (Laibach), Slovenia, was Jožže Pleccnik's premiere student, proteegee, and successor. Ravnikar's architectural work developed from near perfect emulation of Pleccnik's idiosyncratic classicism to his own form-giving mastery at the mid-twentieth century.

Pleccnik co-founded the Faculty of Architecture in the University of Ljubljana; Ravnikar assumed leadership of the faculty after World War II. Both men were superior teachers and architectural thinkers, and Ravnikar possessed a true cosmopolitan's interest and engagement in sophisticated world discourse. He worked in Le Corbusier's studio in 1939, and while there he drafted one of Le Corbusier's most noted renderings, Algiers Skyscraper ——so finely executed that Le Corbusier did not sign it in deference to the brilliance of Ravnikar's rendering skills and as a compliment to him. His mature period was closely aligned with Marshal Tito's rule of Yugoslavia, especially after Tito shielded the country from the full force of the Iron Curtain to become a founding member of the Non-aligned Countries. Tito's experiment in independent socialism found a parallel for Yugoslavian architects in Nordic design.

Ravnikar, born in the Hapsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire, died in the independent Republic of Slovenia, free from direct political hegemony for the first time in over 1,000 years. In Ravnikar's architecture one experiences an independently creative intellect fully engaged in the task of reconciling local site-specific culture, historical tradition, modern design concepts, and a constantly evolving and roiling middle European political and cultural Zeitgeist . In many …


During inflammatory processes the infected macrophage is a rich source of chemokines which induce infiltration of leukocytes to the site of infection. We investigated the regulation of chemokine production by murine macrophages in response to infection with the intracellular bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. As a source of quiescent macrophages, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) cultured under serum-free conditions were used. With RT-PCR, we detected induction of RNA message for the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, KC, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 and RANTES in L. monocytogenes-infected macrophages. Accordingly, ELISA-detectable MIP-1alpha, MIP-2 and KC protein was induced by infection with L. monocytogenes. In contrast, L. monocytogenes infection of BMM alone failed to induce considerable expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 at the mRNA or protein level, but co-treatment with IFN-gamma was necessary. Release of infection-triggered MIP-2, MIP-1alpha and KC was negatively regulated by IFN-gamma. Similarly, IL-4 stimulated MCP-1 release by infected macrophages but reduced production of MIP-1alpha, MIP-2 and KC. IL-10 turned out to be a general deactivator in terms of macrophage chemokine production. IL-13 had no effect on MIP-1alpha, MIP-2 and KC production by infected BMM, but slightly reduced MCP-1 release. By using IFN-gamma and IL-4 gene deletion mutant mice, in vivo regulation of these chemokines by IL-4 and IFN-gamma in listeriosis was studied. In summary, our results show that chemokines are produced by macrophages infected with L. monocytogenes, and that chemokine release is differentially regulated by the macrophage modulators IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13.


This study explored the relationship between referent role (superior, subordinate, and peer) and the styles of managing interpersonal conflict. The target population of this study was Korean central government employees classified as General Service (GS). This study used cluster sampling. Six sample clusters were randomly selected in the first stage. Then a sample of departments within selected Ministries was drawn, and finally a total 700 employees were randomly selected from within 12 departments. Seven hundred employees were contacted, resulting in usable returns from 431. A multiple discriminant analysis was performed, resulting in two significant canonical discriminant functions. Support was found for the relationship between referent role and the styles of managing interpersonal conflict. The Korean central government employees were primarily competing (dominating) with subordinates, compromising with peers, and accommodating with superiors. Implications of the research findings for training and development of the Korean government employees were provided.


A murine monoclonal antibody (ECS-1) was prepared from BALB/c mice immunized with trypsinized cultured human foreskin keratinocytes. The antibody showed a pattern suggestive of intercellular staining on the nucleated layers of normal human epidermis, adult palm, mouse lip epidermis, and cultured human keratinocytes. ECS-1 stained human fetal skin by 9 weeks estimated gestational age. ECS-1 reacted with a 35 kD protein extracted from neonatal foreskin epidermis and cultured human keratinocytes. The protein required Nonidet P-40 or sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol for solubilization. ECS-1 induced epidermal cell detachment which was enhanced by complement. ECS-1 shares characteristics with human pemphigus antibodies.


The differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and the common cold, or allergic cough, or mild respiratory symptoms with or without fever is not easy for Primary Care Pediatricians (PCPs).According to the official Italian report "Rapporto ISS COVID-19 n. 58/2020" of August 21st, 2020, all children with COVID-19 common symptoms and/or a corporal temperature higher than 37.5°C, are considered as suspected cases and have to be tested with a nasopharyngeal swab. We have identified risk factors that could be useful in PCPs' clinical practice to define priorities in addressing children to the proper diagnostic procedure. For the physical and mental health of the children and their families and to allow the PCPs to fulfill their duty, it is important to look for less invasive tools to perform the proper diagnosis. This should also allow children to go to school and to go on with their daily life.


AI-Powered database (AI-DB) is a novel relational database system that uses a self-supervised neural network, database embedding, to enable semantic SQL queries on relational tables. In this paper, we describe an architecture and implementation of in-database interpretability infrastructure designed to provide simple, transparent, and relatable insights into ranked results of semantic SQL queries supported by AI-DB. We introduce a new co-occurrence based interpretability approach to capture relationships between relational entities and describe a space-efficient probabilistic Sketch implementation to store and process co-occurrence counts. Our approach provides both query-agnostic (global) and query-specific (local) interpretabilities. Experimental evaluation demonstrate that our in-database probabilistic approach provides the same interpretability quality as the precise space-inefficient approach, while providing scalable and space efficient runtime behavior (up to 8X space savings), without any user intervention.


The excitation power and temperature dependences of photoluminescence (PL) emission in 6H polytype of silicon carbide are investigated extensively. A sublinear power-function dependence of the donor-acceptor pair emission intensity on the excitation power is explained by a rate-equation model. A very low power exponent $(k=0.3)$ in a power-law dependence of PL intensity on the excitation power of $\mathrm{B}$-$\mathrm{N}$ codoped 6H-$\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{C}$ at room temperature indicates that three-particle Auger recombination is the main carrier recombination pathway. Auger recombination in an $\mathrm{Al}$-$\mathrm{N}$ codoped $\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{C}$ does not manifest as strongly as that of the $\mathrm{B}$-$\mathrm{N}$ codoped sample due to high density of ionized impurities which capture the nonequilibrium carriers faster. The ionized impurities form localized potential wells due to their random distribution, which is revealed by a blue shift of the PL band with increasing excitation intensity (approximately 16 meV per decade) and with decreasing temperature. Low-temperature Hall-effect measurement of the $\mathrm{Al}$-$\mathrm{N}$ codoped sample confirms the high density of ionized impurities and significantly reduced ionization energy of dopant states by approximately 53 meV due to the high dopant densities. These results could lead to realization of tunable $\mathrm{Si}\mathrm{C}$-based light sources in severe operating conditions.