It may be helpful to those who are not familiar with Rawls to plot his position against a better-known moral theory, namely utilitarianism. At any rate, on this side of the Atlantic, where no modern charter contains the compact under which we consent to be governed, the defence of truth and justice has most often in the last hundred years appeared to be in the hands of the utilitarians. This raises two immediate questions: first, is justice a "special department" of morality? And second, do we by this mean to commit ourselves further to the position that the province of justice is not (whatever be the case for the rest of morality) governed by the principles of utility? After looking at these questions, we can go on to assess the particular solution proposed by Rawls. It is perfectly possible to be, broadly, an utilitarian and yet to give the principles of justice a special status. For instance, in The Concept of Law, Professor Hart carefully distinguishes "fairness" (which roughly covers justice) from morality in general.' And Hart, I suppose, is a modern utilitarian. Why should the two ever have been confused? The explanation can be found by looking at Mill's chapter on the connection between justice and utility.2 Mill rightly saw the idea of justice as an obstacle to the simple test of utility in assessing right and wrong. People, that is, went on referring to this rather old fashioned notion, and seemed remarkably attached to it, despite being urged to look to expediency instead. But to Mill, this notion of justice had to be either irrational or the reflection of the operation of a perhaps concealed principle of utility.


Regenerative medicine using stem cells offers promising strategies for treating a variety of degenerative diseases. Regulation of stem cell behavior and rejuvenate senescence are required for stem cells to be clinically effective. The extracellular matrix (ECM) components have a significant impact on the stem cell's function and fate mimicking the local environment to maintain cells or generate a distinct phenotype. Here, human elastin-like polypeptide-based ECM-mimic biopolymer was designed by incorporating various cell-adhesion ligands, such as RGD and YIGSR. The significant effects of bioactive fusion ELPs named R-ELP, Y-ELP, and RY-ELP were analyzed for human bone-marrow-derived stem cell adhesion, proliferation, maintenance of stemness properties, and differentiation. Multivalent presentation of variable cell-adhesive ligands on RY-ELP polymers indeed promote efficient cell attachment and proliferation of human fibroblast cells dose-dependently. Similarly, surface modified with RY-ELP promoted strong mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) attachment with greater focal adhesion (FA) complex formation at 6 h post-incubation. The rate of cell proliferation, migration, population doubling time, and collagen I deposition were significantly enhanced in the presence of RY-ELP compared with other fusion ELPs. Together, the expression of multipotent markers and differentiation capacity of MSCs remained unaffected, clearly demonstrating that stemness properties of MSCs were well preserved when cultured on a RY-ELP-modified surface. Hence, bioactive RY-ELP offers an anchorage support system and effectively induces stimulatory response to support stem cell proliferation.


BACKGROUND
The use of 1 or more mediastinal chest tubes has traditionally been routine for all cardiac surgery procedures to deal with bleeding. However, it remains unproven whether multiple chest tubes offer a benefit over a single chest tube.

METHODS
All consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery (2005-2010) received at least 1 chest tube at the time of surgery based on surgeon preference. Patients were grouped into those receiving a single chest tube (SCT) and those receiving multiple chest tubes (MCT). The primary outcome was return to the operating room for bleeding or tamponade.

RESULTS
A total of 5698 consecutive patients were assigned to 2 groups: 3045 to the SCT and 2653 to the MCT group. Patients in the SCT group were older, more often female and less likely to undergo isolated coronary artery bypass graft than those in the MCT group. Unadjusted outcomes for SCT and MCT, respectively, were return to the operating room for bleeding or tamponade (4.7% v. 5.0%; p = 0.50), intensive care unit stay longer than 48 hours (25.5% v. 27.9%; p = 0.041, postoperative stay > 9 days (31.5% v. 33.1%; p = 0.20) and mortality (3.8% v. 4.6%; p = 0.16). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for clinical differences between groups, showed that the number of chest tubes was not associated with return to the operating room for bleeding or tamponade.

CONCLUSION
The use of multiple mediastinal chest tubes after cardiac surgery confers no advantage over a single chest tube in preventing return to the operating room for bleeding or tamponade.


ABSTRACT
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal glands and paraganglia. In the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment, overproduction of catecholamines by these tumors can have devastating consequences. Biochemical confirmation of excessive catecholamines and their metabolites is essential for the definitive diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma and proper patient management. This chapter reviews catecholamine biology, biochemical phenotypes, choice of biochemical tests, analytical methods, sampling, storage, and interpretation of the results.


............................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................


Small-angle neutron scattering and contrast variation has been employed to quantify how a series of alcohols with increasing hydrophobicity exert different abilities to structure a model toluene based metallomicroemulsion - a microemulsion system stabilised with a metallosurfactant. Classical microemulsion phase evolution and droplet structure are observed, leading to an oil rich core stabilised by a surfactant film containing a highly concentrated, hydrated metal ion layer.


This facility-based study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Thirty nurses identified to be exposed to physical or sexual violence ever in life through a pilot study were purposively selected for further studying their coping strategies. The pilot study was initially conducted among 60 ever married female nurses sampled conveniently. Data was collected using self-administered standardised questionnaire adapted from WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. To estimate coping strategies, Section 9 of the data were analysed using SPSS 12 software. Eleven respondents (36.3%) experiencing physical or sexual violence, informed friends and close relatives about husband's violent behaviour while 40 percent talked to no one. Only 5 (16.7%) nurses sought help from formal agencies. Reasons for not seeking help mainly were considering violence as normal/not serious (20%), fear that he would end relationship (20%), fear of consequences (16.7%). Nurses mainly sought help on being encouraged by friends/family (6.7%). The study found that relatively few nurses experiencing domestic violence talk to someone or seek help from formal agencies.


BACKGROUND
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is often detected in peanut oil, which comes from contaminated peanuts. AFB1 in peanut oil seriously threatens the health of consumers. However, there are few methods to effectively remove AFB1 in peanut oil. This study aimed to use an alkali-refining method to degrade AFB1 in peanut oil efficiently without increasing the equipment of oil and fat refining.

RESULTS
The optimum detoxifying conditions of AFB1 in peanut oil with alkali refining were established using response surface methodology (RSM), and the safety of peanut oil after being refined with alkali was evaluated based on the Ames tests and HepG2 cell viability. The results showed that AFB1 in peanut oil was decreased from 34.78 to 0.37 µg kg(-1) (98.94% reduction) under the optimum detoxifying conditions, i.e. when the initial temperature of alkali refining was 43.51 °C, the amount of excess alkali was 0.30%, the content of alkali solution was 23.42% and the end temperature of alkali refining was 77.07 °C. The acid value and color of peanut oil refined by alkali were improved significantly, while the peroxide value was increased within an acceptable level. The safety of peanut oil contaminated by AFB1 was improved significantly after being refined with alkali.

CONCLUSION
These results indicate that alkali refining is an effective method for removing AFB1 in peanut oil. The optimum detoxifying conditions of AFB1 in peanut oil with alkali refining could be used to guide the production of oil companies for ensuring food safety. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.


Building energy models (BEM) are developed for understanding a building's energy performance. A meta-model of the whole building energy analysis is often used for the BEM calibration and energy prediction. The literature review shows that studies with a focus on the development of room-level meta-models are missing. This study aims to address this research gap through a case study of a residential building with 138 apartments in Doha, Qatar. Five parameters, including cooling setpoint, number of occupants, lighting power density, equipment power density, and interior solar reflectance, are selected as input parameters to create ninety-six different scenarios. Three machine-learning models are used as meta-models to generalize the relationship between cooling energy and the model parameters, including Multiple Linear Regression, Support Vector Regression, and Artificial Neural Networks. The three meta-models' prediction accuracies are evaluated by the Normalized Mean Bias Error (NMBE), Coefficient of Variation of the Root Mean Squared Error CV (RMSE), and R square (R2). The results show that the ANN model performs best. A new generic BEM is then established to validate the meta-model. The results indicate that the proposed meta-model is accurate and efficient in predicting the cooling energy in summer and transitional months for a building with a similar floor configuration.


In this study, the researcher tried to identify the usage of games and songs in teaching
English to the fourth grade students of MI Al Ghozali Panjerejo Rejotangan
Tulungagung.
Based on the statement above, the formulated problems were: (1) What kinds of games
and songs used by the teacher? (2) How does the teacher apply the games and songs in
class activities? (3) What are the advantages and disadvantages by using games and
songs?
The research design used in this study was descriptive qualitative. It was intended to
describe how the games and songs that used by English teacher. The researcher used one
English teacher and the fourth grade students at MI Al Ghozali Panjerejo Rejotangan
Tulungagung as subjects. The instruments used in this study were interview and
observation. The interview was given to the teacher and the observation was done in the
class.
The result of the study showed that the kinds of games used by the teachers were
matching games, guessing games and puzzle. For the songs, the teacher changed
Indonesian children songs into English. The reason for using those kinds of games and
songs were that they were interesting and easy to demonstrate. Besides, using games and
songs made the entire students in the class more active, creative and happy.


Individual corpora lutea (CL) of Göttinger miniature pigs were implanted with an in vivo microdialysis system. This system functions like an artificial capillary, allowing diffusion of intraluteally secreted substances into the lumen of the dialysis system and administration of hormones into individual CL and simultaneous measurement of the response. After surgery the sows are fully awake and unrestrained. In the present study the in vivo release rates and secretion dynamics of progesterone (P) and oxytocin (OXT) were investigated. The dialysis system was implanted at day 2-4 of the estrous cycle, and dialysis experiments were performed throughout the next 3 days. Fractions were collected at 30 min intervals, and the concentrations of P and OXT were measured by RIA. Three major observations were made: Spontaneous intraluteal secretion of P and OXT occurred in a pulsatile manner. OXT secretion episodes in individual CL often coincide, indicating a simultaneous release from many CL of one ovary but also from the CL located in the contralateral ovary. OXT episodes also often coincide with P pulses; statistical evaluation revealed a significant correlation between P and OXT secretion. Intraluteal application of OXT stimulated luteal P and estradiol (E2) release in a dose-dependent manner. E2 added to the perfusates was also stimulatory to P release. The stimulation of P release by OXT could be antagonized by prior treatment of the CL with tamoxifen. We demonstrate for the first time in vivo the secretion of OXT from porcine CL. The microdialysis system enabled us to collect samples at the site of steroid and peptide release, i.e. within the intact luteal tissue. Our results suggest a stimulatory effect of OXT on P release from young and middle-aged CL and are in marked contrast to the previously demonstrated inhibitory effect of OXT on P release when luteal cells were cultured in vitro. A possible explanation for this apparent discrepancy is that OXT stimulates intraluteal release of E2, which is a powerful P releasing hormone, overcoming the direct inhibitory effect of OXT. This suggestion is substantiated by the observation that E2, when added to the perfusion medium, indeed stimulated P release.


At first glance, the global art trade—currently valued around $60 billion—is a miniscule piece of global economic production. But due to the unregulated nature of the art market, it serves a key function within the larger network of the accumulation and distribution of capital worldwide. This deregulated market intersects with the offshore domain in freeports, an archipelago of tax-free storage facilities that stretch from Singapore to Geneva to Delaware. The burgeoning of freeports globally suggests that speculation has become a more prominent pattern of art investment, but it also demonstrates that tax avoidance is a goal of such speculators and the result is that more art works are being taken out of circulation and deposited in vaults beyond the view of regulatory authorities. Despite its size, the art trade can demonstrate broader trends in international finance and, by examining offshore art storage that occurs in freeports, it will be possible to locate some of the hidden mechanisms that allow the global art market to flourish on the margins of the economy as well as to perceive a shift in which the economic value of art works predominates over their cultural value.


The research described in this thesis is aimed at demonstrating the synthetic utility of the
asymmetric amino-Cope rearrangement and highlight its potential for future application
in natural product synthesis.
Using the recently developed asymmetric anionic amino-Cope methodology,
rearrangement of diasteromerically pure 3-amino-l,5-hexadiene substrates provided the
target aldehyde in good yield and with high levels of asymmetric induction (up to 94%
e.e.).
The aldehyde obtained was used for the successful formation of2,4-disubstituted lactones
with no apparent loss of stereochemical integrity. This could lead to a plausible route to
biologically significant compounds....


ABSTRACT Necessitated by a heightened focus on global migration and its impact on educational realities across the globe, this study examined how educational experiences of students with refugee backgrounds are characterized in US educational news outlets. 385 articles from three online education news sites in the US were examined using a narrative-discursive approach. Analysis demonstrated how mutually dependent narrative patterns constructed students as resilient survivors, while schools were positioned as safe havens designed to support them. We show how these narrative patterns were accomplished through the use of common discursive features, positioning refugee student populations and the institutional responsibility of schools in bounded ways. We consider these findings in light of how broader discourses visible in news media narratives shape and reflect the reality of refugee-background students' educational experiences in the US.


Ambient energy harvesting can help to mitigate the typical finite energy supply of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Energy harvesting WSNs (EH-WSNs) offer new challenges in terms of network protocol design and resource management (such as task allocation, data collection, etc. ) that do not exist in conventional battery powered systems. In this work, the novel task allocation for EH-WSNs with solar powered sensor nodes is proposed which operates in two phases of task scheduling and task mapping to the sensor nodes. Initial simulations show promising results in terms of energy balancing (maximizing) among the nodes and scheduling length (minimizing), in the presence of energy harvesting.


One apparently healthy male patient reported at the Urology outpatient department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, with the history of cyclical bleeding per urethra. He started bleeding from the age of 10. The bleeding lasted for 2-3 days. He also had cyclical lower abdominal pain, which remained unexplained. Menstruation occurred every 3-4 months. Left testis was normal but there was a separate soft palpable mass from its lower pole. Chromosomal analysis showed translocation of X and Y chromosome 45(t X/Y). Ultrasonography revealed normal kidneys with well-filled urinary bladder that appeared regular in outline. Left testis was normal in size, measuring about 2.73 × 1.72 cm. Its echotexture was finely homogenous with no evidence of collection or mass. There was a multiloculated cystic mass in the right half of scrotum. Right testis was not visualised along the line of descent. Surprisingly, uterus was found to be present and normal in size and anteverted in position. Fluid collection was noted in the uterine cavity. No ovarian outline was noted. FSH level was almost four times the normal level for males (31.74 IU). The LH level was slightly raised (16.17 IU). The testosterone, Estradiol and Prolactin level were within normal male range, being 3.5 microgram/L, 24 pg/L, and 13.54 microgram/L respectively. Semen analysis revealed azoospermia but the amount of semen was normal. After discussion with the patient, a total abdominal hysterectomy with right-sided salpingo-oophorectomy and left salpingectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. True hermaphrodites must be distinguished from a false one, they have both male and female gonadal tissue, false hermaphrodites are unisexual, but their sex organs resemble those of the opposite sex. This particular patient raised great interest because true hermaphrodites are rare. Attempts were made to make his life normal as a male. If he had the opportunity to have easy access to medical treatment, would he be raised as a female? Controversies are paramount. In this patient, subsequent surgery was done by urologists to correct the chordee and the hypospadias. The overall life of this patient is still a dilemma to us. It was a rare case of hysterectomy done, from the gynaecologist's point of view.


Objective: To analyze the autopsy findings in the cases of fatal head injuries due to road traffic accidents.
Study Design : Retrospective study
Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at the Rangpur Medical College morgue among victims of road traffic accidents (RTA) during the period of July 2014 to June 2016. It was conducted to ascertain the patterns of fatal head injuries due to road traffic accidents as documented during autopsies performed at Rangpur Medical College during (July 2014 to June 2016) the two years.
Material & Methods: Road traffic accident are the major causes of death worldwide. Head injuries is the single most common cause of mortality in road traffic accidents; head injuries being the most vulnerable part of the body. Total74 victims were taken from the road traffic accidents and died due to head injury. Aim of the study to find out the patterns of head injuries, their age and site distribution of different type of fractures.
Results: The cases were seen more in the male victims (87.84%) as compared to female (12.16%). Present study showed that the place of occurrence of road traffic accident was more in the urban areas (77.03%) as compared to rural areas (22.97%). No one of the threewheeler riders was wearing helmets at the time of accidents. We observed subdural hemorrhage (SDH) in 63.83% followed by sub arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 27.66% intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) 6.38% and least was extradural hemorrhage (EDH) 2.13% in twowheeler riders. while in three-wheeler riders SDH in 51.85% followed by SAH in 29.63% ICH in 11.11% and least was EDH in 7.41% in cases where skull fracture occurred. Most of the accident occurred at night.
Conclusion: Head injury is one of the important causes of death in road traffic accidents. Most of the deaths occur on spot before any life support can be given to these subjects. The pattern of skull fractures observed in this study was quite comparable to other studies. It indicates that road traffic accidents lead to similar kinds of fatal head injuries throughout the world.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2021; 13(1): 75-79


Agent-based systems are being used as decision support systems for solving architectural design problems. Usually in design phase, user behavior is ignored by the designers. Therefore, after the construction, the users face difficulties in emergency situations and in daily usage. As a result, buildings become insufficient to respond to users' needs and design goals of the building itself. Before construction, ability of testing the interactions between the building and its users is particularly important to solve the problems in early phases of the design. Hence, to design a building that functions better in certain situations and time loss decreases in the design process. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to develop a model to simulate users in shopping malls.


Agroforestry is a form of land management system that combines agriculture with trees. Agroforestry have been much practiced in rural areas to enhance the area's economic conditions. It is often practiced on com- munity-owned land through the harvesting of fruits, timbers, and food plants like paddy, tubers, spices, and vegetable. As indicated  by various literatures, most of the contributions were attained from fruits, followed by food plant and timbers. Such would raised a question as to the economic contribution of agroforestry if practiced on government-owned land that do not allow the cutting of timbers and intensive agriculture such as in protected areas that have specific function as biodiversity preservation sites. This research was carried out in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park, a protected area within the Province of Lampung, Indonesia. The sampled areas comprised of three villages directly adjacent to the Park where the majority of the people worked in agroforestry farms within the Park. Respondents were selected through random sampling method. The role of agroforestry in incresing farm income were evident by its contribution which amounted to 45.96% of the total household's income through the selling of fruits and food plants to the local wholesalers. Income from agroforestry were able to meet almost half (49,26%) of the rural livelihood's needs. The most dominant plants that generated high incomes in the three villages were coffee (Anacolosa frutescens) and cocoa (Theobroma cacao). Keywords : agroforestry, wan abdul rachman, grand forest park, rural household


In this study, we developed a self-assembly pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PTSPE) method using a high molecular weight polymer material (PAX) as the adsorbent for the determination of domoic acid (DA) in human urine samples by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. The PTSPE cartridge, assembled by packing 9.1 mg of PAX as sorbent into a 200 μL pipette tip, showed high adsorption capacity for DA owing to the strong cationic properties of PAX. Compared with conventional SPE, the PTSPE is simple and fast, and shows some advantages in the aspects of less solvent consumption, low cost, the absence of the evaporation step, and short time requirement. All the parameters influencing the extraction efficiency such as pH, the amount of sorbent, the number of aspirating/dispensing cycles, and the type and volume of eluent in PTSPE were carefully investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of DA were 0.12 μg/L and 0.37 μg/L respectively. The extraction recoveries of DA from the urine samples spiked at four different concentrations were in a range from 88.4% to 102.5%. The intra- and inter-day precisions varied from 2.1% to 7.6% and from 2.6% to 12.7%, respectively. The accuracy ranged from −1.9% to −7.4%.


The objective of this research was to study the evolution of growth and carcass traits as a function of age in Hereford cattle using nonlinear models. Records from 240 Hereford steers (castrated), belonging to the experimental station "La Estanzuela" of INIA Uruguay, were utilized. The animals were measured from weaning, approximately at 6 months of age, to slaughter (two years of age). The animals were weighed, without fasting, every 15±3 days throughout the period. The measurements of ribeye loin area (between the 12th and 13th rib) were obtained by ultrasound every 90 days. The height of the animals was obtained every 90 days. The Brody, Gompertz, Logistic and Von Bertalanffy nonlinear models were applied to describe the trajectory of weight, height and ribeye loin area along the age. For height, weight and ribeye loin area, all the models reached the convergence. To describe the evolution of weight and ribeye loin area, the Von Bertalanffy nonlinear model was the most suitable. For weight and ribeye loin area, the Brody and Logistic nonlinear models have shown the worst fit, respectively. The height trajectory from weaning until two years of age can be modeled by any of the nonlinear models considered in this research.


An extension of Poincaré normal–form theory for systems of partial differential equations, which have linear ordinary equations as a main part, is obtained. Poincaré normal forms for the shallow–water equation on a beta–plane and in large scale (with respect to Rossby radius) for the variable Coriolis parameter are found. The normal forms of the shallow–water equations contain the Charney equation and higher approximation equations for Rossby waves and describe the nonlinear interaction of Rossby and inertia–gravity waves.


Thiram a fungicide used for treating corn and for storing food grains were incorporated at 15, 30 and 60 ppm into the toxin free diet of broiler chicken for four weeks from the day of hatch. The clinical signs were reduced weight gain, lameness, abnormal bending of the tibial bones, enlarged hock joints and sternal recumbency. Grossly tibial dyschondroplasia was seen as a white opaque unmineralized cartilage plug in the tibiotarsus. Histopathologically, tibiotarsus revealed thinning of the growth plate, irregular arrangement of the proliferating layer, abnormal thickening of the transitional layer and thickened hypertrophic layer in the thiram fed groups. Changes were also seen in the liver, bile duct, kidney, heart, crop, gizzard, intestine, lymphoid organs including bursa, spleen and caecal tonsils and brain. There was no mortality at any levels of thiram tested. Results of the present study thus revealed that thiram at a level of even 15 ppm affected the health and performance of broiler chicken.


Alumina, 10% and 20% nano ZTA with 1.5 mol% yttria stabiliser were subjected to Vickers indentation testing with loads from 1 to 20 kg. Cr 3+ fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy were applied to the indent centre and around the indentation in order to investigate the origin of the signal, the effect of indentation loads and zirconia phase transformation on the residual stress and plastic deformation in the plastic zone. The results suggested that with very strong laser scattering, the depth resolution of ZTA materials was very poor, which lead to a very significant amount of the signal being collected from the subsurface regions below the plastic zone. It was also found that zirconia phase transformation reduced the compressive residual stress in the alumina matrix within the plastic zone, except at the indentation centre, due to the tensile residual microstress generated by the zirconia phase transformation. In addition, the dislocation density on the indent surface of the ZTA samples was significantly reduced due to the restriction of crack propagation and energy absorption during the phase transformation process. At the indent centre, the zirconia phase transformation was suppressed by the high compressive stress, therefore, no significant difference between alumina and ZTA in terms of their residual stress and dislocation density were observed. Using TEM observation, it was found that the plastic zone microstructure of pure alumina is different from that of ZTA, which is consistent with the Cr 3+ fluorescence results. the microcrack density in the plastic zone of the ZTA was confirmed to be lower than that of the alumina sample.


Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are primarily B lymphocyte tumors which are related to the Epstein-Barr virus. Recent studies have more clearly delineated neoplastic from hyperplastic forms of this disease. Factors associated with increased PTLD risk include recipient EBV seronegative status and heavy immunosuppression. The clinical presentation of PTLD is reviewed and lesser known features such as respiratory compromise or localization of tumors to skin are highlighted. The pathologic classifications of PTLD are surveyed and related to one another. Newer approaches to therapy, including the use of monoclonal antibodies and adoptive cellular immunotherapy are discussed.


Friction stir welding (FSW) joints of AW 5083 and AW 5059 alloys were used for the study. Mechanical properties, resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) were investigated and metallographic tests were performed using an optical and scanning microscope (SEM). The parameters of friction welding are also given. Stress corrosion was investigated by the method of slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in air and 4.5% NaCl aqueous solution. During SCC tests elongation, strength, fracture energy and time to break were measured. Very good strength of the tested alloys was found with good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The aim of the study was to determine the possibility of using the AW 5059 and AW 5083 friction welded (FSW) alloys in marine structures, using stress corrosion resistance as a criterion. Key-Words: Al-Mg alloy, stress corrosion cracking, welded joints Received: August 25, 2020. Revised: September 30, 2020. Accepted: October 20, 2020. Published: October 27, 2020.


Conflicts over land-grabs for industry, infrastructure and urbanization are on the rise in emerging economies. A slew of policy measures undergird such land deals in India but have encountered successful resistance from peasants and citizens groups. In Goa, resistance led to the revocation of the state's special economic zone (SEZ) policy and cancellation of all approved SEZs, many developed by prominent realty firms. As battle over three SEZs continues in the Supreme Court of India, there is hope that commons will be returned to local communities. There is, however, an impasse on the ground that begs resolution if the gains over SEZs are to be secured. The Goan Impasse can be resolved with egalitarian and ecologically appropriate rights to land- and resource-use for all that counter existing inequalities. This requires programmatic social movements reconstituting relationships around and to land and resources from below.


One can view NP as the complexity class that captures the notion of efficient provability by classical (formal) proofs. We consider broader complexity classes (still "just above NP"), in the hope to formalize the notion of efficient provability by overwhelming statistical evidence. Such a concept should combine the nondeterministic nature of (classical) proofs and the statistical nature of conclusions via Monte Carlo algorithms such as a Solovay-Strassen style "proof' of primality. To accomplish this goal, two randomized interactive proof systems have recently been offered independently by S. Goldwasser, S. Micah, and C. Rackoff (GMR system) (in "Proceedings, 17th ACM Symp. Theory of Comput., Providence, RI, 1985," pp. 291-304) and by L. Babai (Arthur-Merlin system) (in "Proceedings, 17th ACM Symp. Theory of Comput., Providence, RI, 1985," pp. 421429), respectively. The proving power of the two systems has subsequently been shown by S. Goldwasser and M. Sipser (in "Proceedings, 18th ACM Symp. Theory of Comput., Berkeley, CA, 1986") to be equivalent. In both systems, a nondeterministic prover (Merlin) tries to convince a randomizing verifier (Arthur) that a certain string x belongs to a language L. The verifier operates under polynomial time constraint. The GMR system uses private coin tosses whereas in the Arthur-Merlin proof system, coin tosses are public. In this paper we give an exposition of the Arthur-Merlin system. We describe the resulting hierarchj of complexity classes AM(f(n)), where t(n) is the number of rounds of interaction on inputs of length n. The "Collapse Theorem" (Babai, lot. cif.) states that for r(n) > 2, AM(r(n) + 1) = AM(t(n)). In particular, the finite levels of the hierarchy collapse to AM gf AM(2). We prove the following stronger version ("Speedup Theorem"): for t(n) 2 2, AM(2t(n)) = AM(r(n)). This complements a result of W. Aiello, J. Hastad, and S. Goldwasser (in "Proceedings, 27th IEEE Symp. Found. of Comput. Sci., 1986," pp. 368-379), saying that in a relativized world, no unbounded reduction of the number of rounds is possible. R. Boppana, J. Hastad, and S. Zachos, (Inform. Process. &RI[., in press) provided a strong piece of evidence to support the view that AM is "not much larger" than NP by showing that if AM contains coNP then the polynomial time hierarchy collapses to x$ = n$ = AM. We show that this is an immediate consequence of the Collapse Theorem. A combination of the result of S. Goldwasser and M. Sipser, a striking observation by 0. Goldreich, S. Micali, and A. Widgerson, and the Collapse Theorem imply that graph non-isomorphism belongs to AM. We give a direct proof of this fact and generalize it to the coset intersection problem for permutation groups. In view of the Boppana-Hastad-Zachos


In multilevel interconnects, current crowding occurs whenever the current changes direction, such as when passing through a via. We propose that in current crowding, the current-density gradient can exert a driving force strong enough to cause excess vacancies (point defects) to migrate from high to low current-density regions. This leads to void formation in the latter. This is a key feature of electromigration-induced damage in very large scale integrated interconnects.


AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- Nov 4-8, 2007; Singapore

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ChIP-chip and DITAG sequencing experiments on MCF-7 cells showed that sequences with high predicted affinity for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) occur far more often than actual protein-DNA interactions in vivo . Using only the classical canonical ER binding motif, there is more than one million putative binding sites present in the genome. Our previous work identified an extended palindrome that dramatically enhances the ability to predict ER binding. Still, out of a total 38,000 predicted high affinity binding sites, only a mere fraction (estimated 14%) of them are true binding sites. The most widely cited mechanism by which differential binding-site utilization could occur is by controlling transcription factor access to DNA through variations in local chromatin composition and/or through cofactor interaction. Regulation of gene expression is also profoundly influenced by nucleosome position. We have pursued a multipronged genome wide approach to assess the epigenetic control of ERα binding to DNA. Our fundamental goal is to determine the rules by which ERα selects the precise binding sites. We constructed a genome-wide ER specific binding chip that includes all validated binding sites from two genome wide studies, and most of the computationally predicted sites using our hERE algorithm. In addition, we have also conducted a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis of DNA bound to specific histone marks. Our preliminary data show that the chromatin is altered towards an activated format around the selected upregulated ERα target genes promoters and associated with histone markers that are characteristic to euchromatic regions. Repressed genes appear to have different patterns of regulation. Our work more accurately defines the relationship between local chromatin environment and ERα mediated transcription regulation.


Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major cause of preventable death and disability in children and young adults. Despite significant advances in medical technology and increased understanding of disease mechanisms, RHD continues to be a serious public health problem throughout the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Echocardiographic screening has played a key role in improving the accuracy of diagnosing RHD and has highlighted the disease burden. Most affected patients present with severe valve disease and limited access to life-saving cardiac surgery or percutaneous valve intervention, contributing to increased mortality and other complications. Although understanding of disease pathogenesis has advanced in recent years, key questions remain to be addressed. Preventing or providing early treatment for streptococcal infections is the most important step in reducing the burden of this disease.


This paper extends the standard asymptotic results concerning the percentage loss distribution in the Vasicek uniform model to a setup where the systematic risk factor is non-normally distributed. We show that the asymptotic density in this new setup can still be obtained in closed form; in particular, we derive the return distributions, the densities and the quantile functions when the common factor follows two types of normal mixture distributions (a two-population scale mixture and a jump mixture) and the Student's t distribution. Finally, we present a real-data application of the technique to data of the Intesa - San Paolo credit portfolio. The numerical experiments show that the asymptotic loss density is highly flexible and provides the analyst with a VaR which takes into account the event risk incorporated in the fat-tailed distribution of the common factor.


The purpose of this study was to determine the precise developmental sequence of the acquisition of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and allogenic cell responsiveness (MLR) in the human fetus. Reactivity was determined quantitatively by 3H-thymidine incorporation in various fetal lymphoid tissues. MLR reactivity was the earliest detectable response occurring first in liver lymphoid cells at 5 weeks fetal age. Reactivity to PHA then appeared in thymocytes at 10.5 weeks and at 14 weeks in the spleen and blood. MLR reactivity first appeared in the thymus at 12.5 weeks and in the spleen and blood at 14.5 weeks. Marrow lymphocytes failed to react up to 18 weeks. These results suggest that fetal thymus is immunocompetent by about 10.5 weeks and MLR responsiveness may be under nonthymic (hepatic) control during development.


Accurate aerodynamic measurements in the hypersonic flow of large aircraft models in tunnels have practical significance, but pose a significant challenge. Novel aerodynamic force measurement methods have been proposed, but lack theoretical support. The forms of the force signals techniques for signal processing and calculation of aerodynamics are especially problematic. A theoretical study is conducted to investigate the dynamic properties based on models of the draw-rod system and slender rods. The results indicate that the inertia item can be neglected in the rod governing equation; further, the solutions show that the signals of each rod are a combination of aerodynamic signals (with a constant value) and sine signals, which can be verified by experimental shock tunnel results. Signal processing and aerodynamics calculation techniques are also found to be achievable via the flat part of the signals.


Abstract. The extent of coastline urbanization reduces their resilience to flooding, especially in low-lying areas. The study site is the coastline of the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy), historically affected by marine storms and floods. The main aim of this study is to investigate the vulnerability of this coastal area to marine flooding by considering the dynamics of the forcing component (total water level) and the dynamics of the receptor (urban areas). This was done by comparing the output of the three flooding scenarios (10, 100 and > 100 year return periods) to the output of different scenarios of future urban growth up to 2050. Scenario-based marine flooding extents were derived by applying the Cost–Distance tool of ArcGIS® to a high-resolution digital terrain model. Three scenarios of urban growth (similar-to-historic, compact and sprawled) up to 2050 were estimated by applying the cellular automata-based SLEUTH model. The results show that if the urban growth progresses compactly, flood-prone areas will largely increase with respect to similar-to-historic and sprawled growth scenarios. Combining the two methodologies can be useful for identification of flood-prone areas that have a high potential for future urbanization, and is therefore crucial for coastal managers and planners.


Simulation of brain neurons in real-time using biophysically meaningful models is a prerequisite for comprehensive understanding of how neurons process information and communicate with each other, in effect efficiently complementing in-vivo experiments. State-of-the-art neuron simulators are, however, capable of simulating at most few tens/hundreds of biophysically accurate neurons in real-time due to the exponential growth in the interneuron communication costs with the number of simulated neurons. In this paper, we propose a real-time, reconfigurable, multichip system architecture based on localized communication, which effectively reduces the communication cost to a linear growth. All parts of the system are generated automatically, based on the neuron connectivity scheme. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system architecture allows the capacity of over 3000 to 19 200 (depending on the connectivity scheme) biophysically accurate neurons over multiple chips.


Internet traffic anomalies are a serious problem that compromises the availability of optimal network resources. Numerous anomaly detectors have recently been proposed, but maintaining their parameters optimally tuned is a difficult task that discredits their effectiveness for daily usage. This article proposes a new anomaly detection method based on pattern recognition and investigates the relationship between its parameter set and the traffic characteristics. This analysis highlights that constantly achieving a high detection rate requires continuous adjustments to the parameters according to the traffic fluctuations. Therefore, an adaptive time interval mechanism is proposed to enhance the robustness of the detection method to traffic variations. This adaptive anomaly detection method is evaluated by comparing it to three other anomaly detectors using four years of real backbone traffic. The evaluation reveals that the proposed adaptive detection method outperforms the other methods in terms of the true positive and false positive rate.


Abstract Three distinctive phases of fracturing (mesofractures and macrofaults) are recognized in the Permo-Triassic part of the cover rocks of West Cumbria. The earliest phase caused syn-depositional growth macrofaults with northerly strikes in the lower part of the cover rocks. This phase is not evident in any of the macrofaults and mesofractures which are exposed in the study area. The second phase led to the occurrence of the easterly striking macrofaults and mesofractures and is clearly evident from surface exposures. The latest phase caused the exposed northerly striking macrofaulting and mesofracturing. Some of the latter macrofaults most probably propagated upwards from the tips of the pre-existing (phase 1) northerly macrofaults. Others resulted from the coalescence of mesofractures and propagated downwards. The fractographic features on both the second and third phase mesofractures suggest that they occurred as Mode I (tensile) fractures and were later modified by shear or mixed-mode loading. The geometry and degree of development of fracture surface morphology are controlled by a combination of factors. The Lower Palaeozoic basement is characterized by complex meso- and macrofracture patterns, including a large number of local sets with a wide range of orientations. Although 'statistically' prominent regional sets are recognized in the basement rocks, these are purely geometrical and include various types of fractures that developed under different stresses. Each local set of mesofractures shows varied attitudes of fractographic features, indicating different dynamic implications of fractures within the same set. Some macrofaults in the cover may have propagated from the basement, or are related to movements on basement faults which controlled the evolution of the sedimentary basin and its subsequent structures.


Drawing upon a sample of 772 migrant children and their parents in Shanghai, China, this study investigated how the interactions of social capital embedded in a range of social contexts (i.e., family, school, peer, and community) influenced the psychosocial adjustment of Chinese migrant children. Results of multiple-group structural equation modeling revealed a moderating effect of community social capital on the associations between other dimensions of social capital and child psychosocial adjustment. Family social capital showed stronger effects when there was higher community social capital, while school social capital appeared to be most influential for children with lower community social capital. Peer social capital showed comparable effects on psychosocial adjustment regardless of the stock of community social capital, but was most important for children with limited resources in both the community and school. Implications of the research findings for theory, practice, policy and future research are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


There is a fundamental need for techniques that are capable of determining the
mechanical properties of biological fibrils at the nanoscale. This is because of the
direct relationship between structure and function of an organism and the
mechanical properties of its building blocks. Collagen, for example, which is the
most abundant protein in mammals, is best known as the principal tensile element
providing the mechanical structure to our bodies. Although collagen has been
investigated intensively in the last decades, relatively little is known about its
mechanics and inner structure. In this thesis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based
methods were employed to probe the mechanical properties of the nanometer-sized
type I collagen fibrils from rat tail tendon (diameter 50 - 300 nm).
AFM-based nanoindentation was performed to determine the elasticity of individual
fibrils under both physiological conditions and in the dehydrated state. To gain
insight into the fibril interior structure a novel AFM-based scraping technique was
developed that can dislocate parts of the outer layer of delicate biological specimens.
Applied to individual collagen fibrils, the technique led to a successful exposure of
the fibril core. Nanoindentation measurements of fibril shell and core indicated no
significant differences in the mechanical properties. Further, the longitudinal
stretching behaviour of single fibrils was studied in novel nanoscale strain
experiments. This provided additional insight into the internal structure of fibrils as it
is the molecular arrangement which determines the stretching behaviour.
The outcome of this thesis promises a better understanding of the structural and
mechanical properties of collagen fibrils and provides novel techniques and tools for
advanced mechanical characterisation at the nanoscale.


Higher educational institutions (HEIs) are expected to contribute to local economies and the working life through collaboration and regional development. Increasing demands and diminishing resources call for innovative solutions. We discuss the benefits of integrating education and regional development in HEIs through spatiality. We build on community engagement, knowledge transfer, spatiality and the Triple Helix; identifying a HEI's knowledge and people flows. We apply the frame to a case study of a university of applied sciences in Finland. Results suggest that there are a number of ways in which a HEI can collaborate with local industries and strengthen its regional impact without significant structural trade-offs and while supporting pedagogy. The results have implications for higher educational institutions, particularly, concerning the agile, transportable educational space concept. The study raises an important issue related to the assumptions of what makes a university: physical presence versus knowledge flows.


Three-dimensional numerical computations using ONERA's structured elsA code and the unstructured DLR-TAU code are compared with the OA209 finite wing experiments in static stall and dynamic stall conditions at a Mach number of 0.16 and a Reynolds number of 1 × 10^6 . The DLR-TAU computations were run with the Spalart–Allmaras and Menter shear stress transport (SST) turbulence models, and the elsA computations were carried out using the Spalart–Allmaras and the k–ω Kok + SST turbulence models. Although comparable grids were used, the static simulations show large discrepancies in the stall region between the structured and unstructured approaches. Large differences for the three-dimensional dynamic stall case are obtained with the computations using the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model showing trailing edge separation only in contrast to the leading edge stall in the experiment. The three-dimensional dynamic stall computations with the two- equation turbulence models are in good agreement with the unsteady pressure measurements and flow field visualizations of the experiment, but also show a shift in the stall angle compared to the experiment. The analysis of the flow field around the finite wing using the numerical simulations reveals the evolution of the -shaped vortex, generated by the interaction of the blade tip vortex.


In this contribution, we clarify the pastoral commitment of Dutch Roman-Catholic pastors by describing it as the interplay of religious and professional commitment, which we analyze both analytically and empirically. Our main research question regards an empirical and theological inquiry into the relationship of both aspects of pastoral commitment. We clarify that the incompatible humours of religious and professional commitment that we find in theological and ecclesiastical discussions, have to be nuanced when one takes the empirical topography of pastoral consciousness into account. Pastors seem to reflect more balanced views on the relationship of religious and professional commitment, which are described and discussed in this contribution. Distinctions are provided that understand pastoral spirituality on continua of religious display and professional performance. Both dispositional and ecclesiological viewpoints are drawn in to account for the varieties in tension between spiritual and professional commitment in pastoral ministry.


Grain numbers is one of the determinations for rice yield and directly associated with spikelet numbers per panicle and its normal development. Lots of genes responsible for spikelet numbers and spikelet early development have been identified, but the molecular information about the spikelet development at later development is still limited. Here, we isolated a rice spikelet abnormal development mutant, which shows degenerated spikelet at the top panicle and named aborted top spikelet mutant 1(Ats1). The spikelets derived from the middle and bottom branches per panicle of Ats1 show normal development with those of wild type. However, a large number of branches and spikelets with arrested development were often observed only on apex panicle. The abnormality did not appear until the stage In8 when rachises elongate rapidly and reproductive organs get mature, based on observations through SEM analysis. The aborted spikelet could develop the complete floral organs with a pair of rudimentary glume, a pair of empty glume, two lodicule, six stamens and one carpel. But all these floral organs did not develop maturity. Genetic analysis on two F2 populations indicated that the Ats1 was controlled by a single dominant gene. By using bulked segregant analysis of F2 population developed from Ats1 crossing with Songjing6, ATS1 was mapped on chromosome 8 between RM3819 and RM5556. Then, the fine mapping was performed with 1078 F2 population developed from Ats1 and IR36. The ATS1 locus was finely mapped in an 85.7 kb region between RM22448 and STS8-2 with 8 genes according to the rice annotation project database. Sequence analysis of the candidate genes within the delimited region of the Ats1 and Akihikari showed two-nucleotide changes, including single-nucleotide substitutions corresponding to an amino acid substitution from asparagine to lysine acid in exons 3 and a 1-bp deletion resulting in a premature stop codon in exon 22 at the candidate gene, LOC_Os08g06480. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, CAPS-ats1, was developed from the 1-bp deletion site. The complete cosegregation of the CAPS genotypes with the matching phenotypes were observed in the F2 populations. This suggested that Os08g06480 is most likely the ATS1 gene. These results will provide more information for better understanding of the molecular mechanism governing top spikelet abortion within a short developmental period.


Describes a bike system for the postural balance rehabilitation training. A virtual environment and three dimensional graphic models are designed with CAD tools such as 3D Studio Max/sup TM/ and World Up/sup TM/. For the real time bike simulation, the optimized WTK graphic library is embedded with the dynamic geometry generation method, multi-thread method, and portal generation method. In an experiment, 20 normal adults were tested to investigate the influencing factors of balancing posture. We evaluated the system by measuring the parameters such as path deviation, driving velocity, COP, and average weight shift. Also, we investigated the usefulness of visual feedback information by weight shift. The results showed that visual stimulus of continuous visual feedback by weight shift way more effective than that of non-visual feedback in the postural balance control. It is concluded that this system might be applied in clinical use as a postural balance training system.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility to compaction of an utisoil under different soil managements and use. Evaluations were based on both maximum density (MD) and critical humidity (CH) through Standard Proctor compaction tests, and the degree of compaction in different soil managements and use. The study was carried out at the Triunfo Mill, State of Alagoas in Brazil. The testing area consisted of four distinct sub-areas: a preserved forest (MA), an area without irrigation (MSI), an irrigated area (MCI), and an area with vinasse (MCV). Undeformed soil samples were collected for soil density and the deformed ones for organic matter and Standard Proctor tests in order to obtain MD, CH and the compaction grade (CG). Plots (50 × 50 m) were randomized within the four areas at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, with three replications. Data were submitted to variance analyses, and means compared through the Tukey test at 5% of probability. MD data followed the grade MSI > MCI > MCV > MA, in contrast to CH which presented the inverse sequence. Therefore MSI and MCI can cause soil degradation, even at lower CH. Only MCI presented CG higher than 4.3%, the critical value reference, at 0-20 cm.


This paper studies sequencing situations with non-linear cost functions. We show that the neighbor switching gains are now time-dependent, in contrast to the standard sequencing situations with linear cost functions, which complicate finding an optimal order and stable allocations. We derive conditions on the time-dependent neighbor switching gains in a (general) sequencing situation to guarantee convexity of the associated sequencing game. Moreover, we provide two procedures that uniquely specify a path from the initial order to an optimal order and we define two corresponding allocation rules that divide the neighbor switching gains equally in every step of the path. We show that the same conditions on the gains also guarantee stability for the allocations prescribed by these rules.


Due to the advent of technology and internet over the past few years, significant number of customers have started shopping online and accessing their bank account through various channels like Netbanking, Mobile banking etc. In this paper, we describe Edge Analytics framework which deliver analytics as a service that can be hosted by a financial institute like Bank for delivering personalized offer in real time on thier netbanking portals or on other channels. This edge analytics service can be accessed through edge APIs plugged into netbanking portals. It access the recent transactions in the log to determine offers for the customer and therefore, saving a lot of resources and effort by fetching the data from the main warehouse. Edge analytics server capability has been enhanced by incorprating knowledge such as user's intent and interest from their social media profile by identifying their identity on the Online social network. This information is then feed into rule engine to generate customised offers for each user using both enterprise and social information. Edge Analytics service has been hosted on cloud which renders it scalability factor and allows different third party provders to make use of the service easily..


Background: Osimertinib (AZD9291)is a mutant-selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) effective against EGFR activating and the T790M acquired resistance mutations.Osimertinib has been approved by the US FDA for patients with EGFR T790M positive NSCLC with resistance to first line EGFR TKIs. However, as acquired resistance to osimertinib is now emerging, we aimed to develop PDXs from patients with: a) acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs prior to enrolling on osimertinib trials and b) post-osimertinib resistance. Methods: Pre- and post-osimertinib tumor biopsies were implanted into the flank or sub-renal capsule of NSG mice. Successfully established PDXs were expanded and confirmed by ddPCR and NGS to maintain molecular fidelity to the original patient tumor. The osimertinib efficacy in a subset of PDX models was tested and compared to clinical osimertinib response in the patients from whom the PDXs were derived. Acquired osimertinib resistance models were further treated with a panel of novel targeted agent combinations, matching the potential mechanism of osimertinib resistance. Results: 46 patients underwent a pre-osimertinib or post-osimertinib biopsy. 26 biopsies were from the AURA trial for patients with acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs; 5 biopsies were from the TATTON trial for patients without a T790M mutation; and 7 biopsies were from patients with acquired resistance to osimertinib. A platform of 16 PDX models have been successfully developed and shown to exhibit diverse mechanisms of TKI resistance as confirmed by NGS. These models include: 6 with EGFR T790M; 4 with EGFR non-T790M resistance to erlotinib; and 4 with acquired resistance to osimertinib. In the drug efficacy studies, PDX sensitivity to osimertinib is shown to be comparable to the corresponding patient9s clinical response. In the DFCI-243 model (patient: EGFR T790M+, PR 8.9 months), tumors showed regression during the dosing phase and rapidly regrew upon cessation of osimertinib treatment. In contrast, in the DFCI-217 model (patient EGFR T790M+, PR >24 months), tumors showed sustained regression even after osimertinib treatment cessation. In the DFCI-284, a potential model of primary AZD9291 resistance tumors showed no regressions with osimertinib treatment. PDX models have also been used to refine treatment approaches for acquired resistance to osimertinib. DFCI-306 model established from a patient who developed an acquired BRAF mutation while on osimertinib has been shown to respond to either selumetinib or the selumetinib/osimertinib combination. Conclusion: We have developed a platform of NSCLC PDXs from patients with acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs and the newly approved third-generation inhibitor osimertinib. These models can be used to refine treatment strategies in patients with acquired resistance to first-line EGFR TKIs with primary or acquired resistance to osimertinib. Citation Format: Sangeetha Palakurthi, Man Xu, Amanda J. Redig, Michael Dills, Prafulla Gokhale, Jinyun Choi, Atsuko Ogino, Yanan Kuang, Nora Feeney, Cloud Paweletz, Paul Kirscmeier, Jessie English, Darren Cross, Pasi Janne. Utilizing NSCLC PDXs derived from patients on osimertinib (AZD9291) clinical trials to further refine therapeutic strategies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5192.


Purpose - The purpose of this study is to present strategies that banking organizations might adopt to utilize the heterogeneity and generational differences for better workplaces. Workforce diversity has been identified as one of the strategic capabilities that will add value to the organizations over their competition. As one of the most globally competitive sectors, the banking industry faces the challenge of attracting highly skilled and extremely innovative employees while retaining valuable senior employees to make use of their expertise in an inclusive setting. . As such, an understanding of heterogeneity and generational differences may be used as a tool by managers to improve employee productivity, innovation and to create good corporate individuals. Data was collected from a target population from seven general managers of private banks operating in Egypt who were managing through the multigenerational phenomenon. The paper will utilize the Resource-based view (RBV) framework as a complementary theory based on the assumption that organizations differ according to the heterogeneity of their resources.Design/methodology/approach - This study adopts a qualitative approach and presents findings based on a series of semi-structured interviews with senior managers of the Private Banks operating in Egypt.Findings - The findings show that resource idiosyncrasy, deployment, utilizations and organizational culture accommodate dynamic managerial capabilities (DMC) to achieve sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) in the multigenerational heterogeneous workplace. By analysing the components of the VIRO model that reviews resource characteristics that could lead to sustain competitive advantage, the findings of the current research revealed DMC as an underestimated moderator for achieving the SCA.Practical implications - The practical implication of this study is to extend generational research by investigating the effect of inclusion and the importance different generations place on the presence of various workplace characteristics. Organizations are exploring the inclusion of workforce diversity against the traditional structure. A private bank's workforce has employees from different countries, cultures, generations and genders. This heterogeneity has positioned private banks as a striking foreign investment destination due to their mature and experienced workforce. Managerial capabilities and skills can utilize the challenges resulting from such wider heterogeneity in a multidisciplinary approach for achieving sustained competitive advantages. Thus, workforce heterogeneity is regarded as an asset for private banks for connecting with businesses all over the world and for enabling foreign communities to conduct their business within its location.Originality/value - The paper originated from the researchers' own unique investigation into the employment market from a managerial standpoint. Little qualitative research has been thus far published regarding how organizations hire highly skilled and extremely innovative people to work while maintaining old employees to make use of their expertise in an inclusion setting. Particularly, the notion of adapting a Resource -Based View to illustrate how heterogeneity and generational differences may be used as a tool by managerial capabilities to improve employee productivity, innovation and to create good corporate individuals is also a new area for academic research.


Essential Tremor (ET) is a very common neurological condition that increases with age. Tremor progresses in severity and body distribution with aging. Patients with ET may develop clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction. Other neurological signs may be seen as well, but their association with ET has not been fully solidified. Pathological changes in the cerebellum are seen with ET, although describing ET as a neurodegenerative disease is still premature. Links to other neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease can be seen but may simply reflect co-incidental co-morbidities of aging.


Even with recent advances in lineage tracing and multiomics analyses, it is difficult to specifically identify and target heterogeneous fibroblast populations in an organ-specific manner. This study combined robust multi-organ in vitro, in vivo, and high-throughput gene expression analyses of mouse fibroblast populations derived from various organs to define organ-specific transcriptional signatures. The analyses revealed that fibroblasts derived from different organs retain transcriptional embryonic gene signatures as organ-of-origin identifiers in adulthood. Moreover, organ-specific transcriptome identities of fibroblast populations were maintained in fibroblast co-cultures in vitro and ectopic transplants in vivo. These studies advance our current understanding of the heterogeneity of fibroblast populations and suggest opportunities for their exploitation and targetability in an organ-specific manner.


The authors correlated and presented clinical, radiological and pathological findings in 6 patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): It is a distinct syndrome with characteristic clinical, radiological presentations and pathological findings. It is a unique response of lung to a variety of primary insults. If unrecognized, patients with this syndrome are often fatal. Its possible pathognesis is discussed.


Although the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) contains a conflict prevention dimension, the Russia-Georgia war demonstrated the extent to which this dimension was underdeveloped, at best, and completely ineffective, at worst. Through conceptualizing multilateralism, this article critically assesses the potential contribution that the Eastern Partnership (EaP) initiative can make to the European Union (EU)'s impact on creating a climate that is conducive to cooperation and long-term stability. It is argued that the multilateral approach within the EaP certainly offers 'new' potential for long-term prevention. However, it also asserts that to be effective it must address some fundamental weaknesses within its multilateral and bilateral governance processes.


We study the genetic behaviour of a population formed by haploid individuals which reproduce asexually. The genetic information for each individual is stored along a bit-string (or chromosome) with L bits, where 0-bits represent the wild allele and 1-bits correspond to harmful mutations. Each newborn inherits this chromosome from its parent with a few random mutations: on average a fixed number m of bits are flipped. Selection is implemented according to the number N of 1-bits counted along the individual's chromosome: the smaller N the higher the probability an individual has to survive a new time step. Such a population evolves, with births and deaths, and its genetic distribution becomes stabilized after sufficiently many generations have passed. The question we pose concerns the procedure of increasing L. The aim is to get the same distribution of genetic loads N/L among the equilibrated population, in spite of a larger L. Should we keep the same mutation rate m/L for different values of L? The answer is yes, which intuitively seems to be plausible. However, this conclusion is not trivial, according to our simulation results: the question also involves the population size.


The current progress of energy-efficient high-speed VCSELs based on GaAs substrates is presented. Novel approaches for the design of VCSELs are presented, potentially leading to larger bandwidth bit rates and lower power consumption. The first approach is based on the optimization of the VCSEL photon lifetime. The second one introduces a novel design based on oxidizing the apertures from multiple etched holes of varying geometries. These designs are also essential for improving the energy efficiency of future modules by optimizing the match of the electronic driver and the photonic device.


This study is aiming to bring about changes in the attitude of today's adolescents and to get their opinion on sensitive topics like dating and pre-marital counselling which is a taboo and unheard of in certain places in India. The survey was conducted among 200 college boys and girls from the college in Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu. Seventy-five and seventy- three percentage of boys and girls respectively opined against taking dowry for various reasons while the remaining were in favour of it. About eighty nine percent of boys and seventy percent of girls expressed the need of having premarital counselling for making their prospective marriage successful. Around seventy-five percent of boys and fifty- five percent of girls were ready to date their prospective spouses before marriage to get to know them well. It can be seen in the study that the number of adolescent boys who are against taking dowry is seventy-five percent and for the adolescent girls it is seventy three percent. However the fact that the dowry system is still widely practical contradicts these views. There was a positive feedback for the need of pre-marital counselling.


This literature review examines current thoughts, practices, and research on playing by ear, defined here as performance from memory of pre-existing music that was learned aurally without the aid of notation, without the visual stimulus of watching a live instrumental model, and without verbal hints such as being told the solfege. Research has investigated skill development with and without specific training, the correlation of skills with music reading and other variables, and the effects of play-by-ear instruction. There exists more research on learning by rote than learning by ear, and extant research is difficult to interpret because treatment protocols frequently involved a mix of instructional activities. Nonetheless, the literature to date supports the importance and efficacy of aural-based instructional activities, including learning by ear. The literature review concludes with a discussion of teacher concerns, potential resolutions, and suggestions for future research, which might include surveys of current practices, documented strategies for learning and teaching, longitudinal studies, and investigations that more clearly delineate the effects of learning by ear.


Several techniques of premature atrial stimulation were used in a group of 28 not selected patients admitted to electrophysiological investigations of different rhythm troubles. The purpose of this study was the demonstration of dual A-V nodal pathways. The method consisted in the delivery of one or two atrial extrastimuli at every sixth beat, with or without atrial pacing at increasing rate, up to the either atrail or nodal refractory period. Then a curve of intranodal conduction was plotted. The different techniques led us to a curve reproducible in the 89% of the cases. Its main features are the steady increase of the A-H interval, the subsequent sudden "jump" of the same at critical shortening of the coupling stimulation interval and finally a third segment of steady increase until the atrial or nodal refractory period is reached. We believe that this behaviour is common in the man. The significance of the "jump", of the morphology of the curve and their possible relationship with the existence of dual A-V nodal pathways is discussed. Finally the different stimulation techniques are compared.


"Women at the Workplace- The Journey of Three Generations of Women", is based on interviews conducted by the authors of a broad cross-section of women in leadership positions, middle management levels as well as women beginning their careers and those making a second start after some years of motherhood. Face to face interviews, each lasting several hours, with 32 women was the main source of information. In only 2 of these 32 cases, a questionnaire was employed. A broad framework was provided to the participants and used as a template for brainstorming. The persons early background, role models, dreams and aspirations, career achievements and the interplay between personal and professional lives was explored. The participants were asked to introspect and explore what success meant to them. A road map for the future for women in organizations was examined. The survey provided a fascinating insight into the minds and hearts of working women. Different women had different motives for working, different dreams and aspirations, different perceptions of the future, different support systems and different hurdles, however, there was also a deep rooted commonality. Looking beneath the surface many common themes and trends emerged for women with different backgrounds, different personality types and varied levels of education, seniority and experience. The human spirit wanted to achieve, to explore and to succeed - only the manifestation of this spirit was different in different cases. An equally strong parallel theme related to fulfillment beyond the realm of professional achievement was prevalent. An underlying need to fulfill maternal and societal roles was observed. The major challenge was to balance these seemingly contradictory aspirations and to achieve happiness. Paths traversed by these 32 women were different, each path equally valid for each person. However, these paths had many crossroads where each individual meets others and then continues on their own path. Till the next crossroad.


Some bounds for atomic electron momentum density are given. Furthermore, we show that they can be expressed in terms of p, , N, and Z, the amplitude of electron momentum, ionization potential, number of electrons and nuclear charge of the atom, respectively.


Background and Purpose— Visit-to-visit variability in blood pressure (vBP) is associated with ischemic stroke. We sought to determine whether such variability has genetic causes and whether genetic variants associated with BP variability are also associated with ischemic stroke. Methods— A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) for loci influencing BP variability was undertaken in 3802 individuals from the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) study, in which long-term visit-to-visit and within-visit BP measures were available. Because BP variability is strongly associated with ischemic stroke, we genotyped the sentinel single nucleotide polymorphism in an independent ischemic stroke population comprising 8624 cases and 12 722 controls and in 3900 additional (Scandinavian) participants from the ASCOT study to replicate our findings. Results— The ASCOT discovery GWAS identified a cluster of 17 correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms within the NLGN1 gene (3q26.31) associated with BP variability. The strongest association was with rs976683 (P=1.4×10−8). Conditional analysis of rs976683 provided no evidence of additional independent associations at the locus. Analysis of rs976683 in patients with ischemic stroke found no association for overall stroke (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97–1.07; P=0.52) or its subtypes: cardioembolic (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97–1.16; P=0.17), large vessel disease (odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89–1.07; P=0.60), and small vessel disease (odds ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.97–1.17; P=0.19). No evidence for association was found between rs976683 and BP variability in the additional (Scandinavian) ASCOT participants (P=0.18). Conclusions— We identified a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms at the NLGN1 locus showing significant association with BP variability. Follow-up analyses did not support an association with risk of ischemic stroke and its subtypes.


As potential hydrogen storage media, magnesium based hydrides have been systematically studied in order to improve reversibility, storage capacity, kinetics and thermodynamics. The present article deals with the electrochemical and optical properties of Mg alloy hydrides. Electrochemical hydrogenation, compared to conventional gas phase hydrogen loading, provides precise control with only moderate reaction conditions. Interestingly, the alloy composition determines the crystallographic nature of the metal-hydride: a structural change is induced from rutile to fluorite at 80 at.% of Mg in Mg-TM alloy, with ensuing improved hydrogen mobility and storage capacity. So far, 6 wt.% (equivalent to 1600 mAh/g) of reversibly stored hydrogen in MgyTM(1-y)Hx (TM: Sc, Ti) has been reported. Thin film forms of these metal-hydrides reveal interesting electrochromic properties as a function of hydrogen content. Optical switching occurs during (de)hydrogenation between the reflective metal and the transparent metal hydride states. The chronological sequence of the optical improvements in optically active metal hydrides starts with the rare earth systems (YHx), followed by Mg rare earth alloy hydrides (MgyGd(1-y)Hx) and concludes with Mg transition metal hydrides (MgyTM(1-y)Hx). In-situ optical characterization of gradient thin films during (de)hydrogenation, denoted as hydrogenography, enables the monitoring of alloy composition gradients simultaneously.


Fractured neck of femurs are a significant public health issue. NICE recommends that healthcare professionals should deliver care that minimises the patient's risk of delirium and maximises their independence and pain control is a vital component of this [1]. Prompt assessment and response to pain as per NICE guidelines aids speedy recovery and helps to prevent complications such as delirium in and already high risk, elderly population. Previous audits have found poor documentation of the assessment of pain and the rate of nerve blocks in A+E and theatres. This completed cycle audit will assess the interventions made in response to these audits including adding pain scores to e-observations and training staff to perform nerve blocks. The aim of this audit was to assess current anaesthetic and analgesic practice. Method: This was a retrospective review of 32 case notes and electronic prescribing over November – December 2019. Data collected included documentation of pain assessment, which analgesia was prescribed as per NICE guideline CG124 [1] and rate of nerve block in A+E and theatres. Results: The audit found that 100% of patients received analgesia as per NICE guidelines. In all settings, documenting the assessment of pain scores has improved from 44% to 63% in A+E, 64% to 81% on the ward pre-operatively and 0 to 100% post op. However, a small number of patients had blanket pain scores of zero which questions the validity of some assessments. On admission, 41% of patients received a nerve block and 94% intra-operatively, up from 22% and 55% respectively, the majority of patients received a fascia iliaca block (FIB). Conclusions: The large increase in post op pain assessment is likely credited to mandatory input as part of e-observations and overall practice has improved significantly. A refresher training session will be provided for ward nursing staff to re-iterate the importance of accurately assessing of and responding to pain. The Hip Fracture Specialist Nurse is now competent to perform FIBs which may further increase the number performed on admission.


Presents a new partitioning method for finite state machines (FSMs). The method is particularly well suited for mu -controller circuits. It consists in grouping the mu -instructions of the control graph into classes according to a compatibility property of the output values. Only one sequence of output values is then generated for all mu -instructions of a given class. The resulting structure is composed of three machines: a state machine which generates the next states, a command machine and a filter machine. The command outputs and the filter outputs are merged via a logical AND to obtain the final outputs. This structure leads to an area reduction of 34% to 65% for the examples presented.<<ETX>>


The cumulative potential of the sustainable innovation-driven development of the regions of the Republic of Belarus is proposed to be estimated by measuring individual sub-potentials (social, demographic, environmental-economic, investment) and subsequent modeling of the aggregate characteristics for each of the regions. It is argued that the health of the population is an important component of the social sub-potential and the necessary condition for the development of all other sub-potentials. Statistical assessment of health within the framework of the system of indicators of innovation-driven sustainable development of regions is proposed to be carried out using core indicators such as life potential and healthy life expectancy of the population. The article is devoted to a study of health in the regions of Belarus on the basis of healthy life expectancy (HLE), which reflects the average number of years lived by the population, taking into account their health status (as a rule, measured on the basis of representative surveys). That is, it is life expectancy estimated with account to the quality of the years lived. It allows to estimate the loss in life expectancy due to the deteriorating health.
The article provides a statistical assessment and analysis of HLE dynamics for the population of Belarus at birth (and for specific ages) for 2005-2018. HLE in Belarusian regions are analyzed using Sallivan's method. The healthy life expectancy of Belarusians at birth in 2018 was 68.09 years and increased by more than 10% (or 6.49 years) compared to 2005, with an increase occurred in each of the studied ages. It was revealed that although Belarusian women lived longer, they tended to give a lower life quality assessment than men (due to "poor" health). The gap between HLEs of men and women in 2018 was 6.78 years: women's healthy life expectancy was 71.38 years, men's – 64.60 years. At the same time, the loss in life expectancy resulting from poor health was 4.64 years for men and 7.98 years for women. Brest region and Minsk were the leaders in terms of HLE (both in 2015 and in 2018), Vitebsk and Minsk regions were among the outsiders in 2015 and Mogilev and Minsk regions – in 2018. At the next phase, the estimated indicators, together with the indicator of life potential of the regions, will be used as the basis for assessing the population's health as part of the social sub-potential of the country regions.


Kant said that we were never be able to know about the true nature of matter. The things in themselves would remain unknown to us. There is a similar problem in quantum mechanics. You cannot provide directly any property to a physical state represented by a ray in a Hilbert space. The
general theory of relativity teaches time and space were not how they appear to us, but claims to know that in fact space and time would belong to a curved space-time. It turned out in the last decades that it is extraordinary difficulty to combine both theories. Based on quantum mechanics I argue in this paper that the things in themselves remain unknown. There is probably no substance which we can call space-time.


7-Substituted norbornadienes were stereoselectively converted into the meso-3,5-bis(acetoxymethyl)cyclopentenes by a three-step sequence of ozonolysis, reduction, and acetylation. Rhizopus delemar lipase (RDL)-catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis of meso-3,5-bis(acetoxymethyl)cyclopentenes afforded the monoalcohols of high enantiomeric purities (>95% ee) in good yields (64-95%). The obtained monoalcohols 11 and 14 could be applied for the synthesis of antiviral carbocyclic nucleosides (-)-carbovir and (-)-BCA.


With the increasing development of real-time and multimedia applications, there is a need to provide bandwidth and delay guarantees. Existing QoS ad hoc network routing protocols select path guaranteeing delay and/or bandwidth. However, they don't consider throughput optimization, which results in a low number of admitted real-time and multimedia flows. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer TDMA-based routing protocol to meet delay and bandwidth requirements while optimizing network throughput. Since in TDMA-based ad hoc networks, slot reservation impacts two-hops neighbors, our routing protocol selects paths with the lowest number of neighbors. To show the effectiveness of our protocol, we present simulations using NS-2.


Cancer has been identified as a leading cause of death worldwide, and the increasing number of cancer cases threatens to shorten the average life expectancy of people. Recently, we reported a 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (AZT)-based amphipathic small molecule, ADG-2e that revealed a notable potency against tumor metastasis. To evaluate the anticancer potential of ADG-2e, we assessed its anticancer potency in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer screening of ADG-2e against cervical cancer cells, HeLa CCL2, and BT549 mammary gland ductal carcinoma showed significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations revealed that cancer cell death presumably proceeded through an oncosis mechanistic pathway because ADG-2e treated cells showed severe damage on the plasma membrane, a loss of membrane integrity, and leakage of α-tubulin and β-actin. Finally, evaluation of the antitumorigenic potential of ADG-2e in mouse xenograft models revealed that this compound potentially inhibits cancer cell proliferation. Collectively, these findings suggest that ADG-2e can evolve as an anticancer agent, which may represent a model for nucleoside-based small molecule anticancer drug discovery.


This year marks the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Murray Edelman's The Symbolic Uses of Politics (1964) and provides the occasion for us to reflect on his contributions and the influence of his work in law and society scholarship. Measuring its impact is no easy or straightforward task, in part because reading a book that was written that long ago is an exercise in translation. Over the course of four decades, terms of art are invented, intellectual styles change, and paradigms shift.


Abstract Injection compression molding is a process having a compression action in the filling or postfilling stages. This process is suitable for molding of parts with precision features. The success of an injection compression molding process relies on proper design of the mold and selection of process conditions. The main scope of this study is to develop an analysis tool for the residual stresses and shrinkage of an injection compression molding process. A simple thermoviscoelastic model was used to calculate the stress and relaxation developed in the postfilling stage. The model divides the thickness into two regions, glassy and rubbery phases. Residual stress calculation is applied in the glassy region, while the rubbery region is kept at the melt pressure without any strain because of the fast relaxation in this region. The resulted in-mold stress fields are used to calculate the part shrinkage after demolding. The effects of the compression force on the residual stresses and shrinkage of a molding part were also investigated. Higher compression force tends to reduce the part shrinkage but induces a higher level of residual stresses.


The naturally reductive homogeneous spaces have been studied by a number of authors as a natural generalization of Riemannian symmetric spaces.0. Kowalski and L. Vanhecke drew their attention to the relationship between the naturally reductive spaces and the commutative spaces which are known to generalize symmetric spaces, as well. In this context they suppose that the Riemannian manifolds under consideration are connected, simply connected and complete.The three-dimensional naturally reductive spaces have been classified by F. Tricerri and L. Vanhecke [14]. 0. Kowalski found the same classification in a different context, and he also proved that the naturally reductive spaces and the commutative spaces form the same class in dimension three [9]. In the papers ([11], [12]) 0. Kowalski and L. Vanhecke gave the complete lassification for naturally reductive spaces as well as for the commutative spaces in dimension four. Once again, they proved that both classes coincide.In the paper [13] 0. Kowalski and L. Vanhecke gave the complete classification for the naturally reductive spaces in dimension five and they have also proved the commutativity of these spaces.The purpose of this paper is to prove the converse: all five-dimensional commutative spaces are naturally reductive.In this way we prove that, in dimensions three, four and five the class of naturally reductive spaces coincides with that of commutative spaces.In dimension , the coincidente of naturally reductive spaces is not true any more.The six-dimensional generalized Heisenberg group with two-dimensional center is a commutative space, but it is not naturally reductive [5].On the other hand, the homogeneous space of the type , where T is a maximal torus, being endowed with an arbitrary invariant Riemannian metric, is naturally reductive but not commutative [4].The paper is organized as follows: in the first section we give some necessary definitions and known facts conceming naturally reductive spaces and commutative spaces; in the second section, divided in some subsections, we shall prove the natural reductivity of five-dimensional spaces.


Since the founding of the Turkish Republic, the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) has enjoyed a pervasive sense of its own prerogative to watch over the regime it created and to transcend an exclusive focus on external defence. If the TAF's confidence and ability to do so was not palpable during the years of single-party rule (1923–46), Turkey's multi-party political system has since 1946 been characterised by the military's capacity to control the fundamentals of the political agenda in its self-ordained role as guardian of the Republic. By internalising this role as a central 'mission of belief', the military has been able to interpret internal 'political' conflicts in the language of internal security threats, and reduce 'national security' to a military-dominated concept. On four occasions (1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997), the military intervened in and reshaped Turkish politics, although it always returned control to civilians after a short time. The fourth intervention, on 28 February 1997, marked a qualitative change, when the military-dominated National Security Council (Milli Guvenlik Kurulu, NSC) brought down a constitutionally elected coalition government headed by the Islamist Welfare Party (Refah Partisi, WP), thus altering the relationship between the military, the state and society. The process of change that the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi, JDP) government has set in motion since its election victory in November 2002 in terms of curtailing the TAF's political prerogatives and tutelage must also be understood within the context of a major shift in the regional and international power balance after the Iraqwar and the democratic reform requirements of the European Union (EU).


Unobserved confounding is one of the main challenges when estimating causal effects. We propose a causal reduction method that, given a causal model, replaces an arbitrary number of possibly high-dimensional latent confounders with a single latent confounder that takes values in the same space as the treatment variable, without changing the observational and interventional distributions the causal model entails. This allows us to estimate the causal effect in a principled way from combined data without relying on the common but often unrealistic assumption that all confounders have been observed. We apply our causal reduction in three different settings. In the first setting, we assume the treatment and outcome to be discrete. The causal reduction then implies bounds between the observational and interventional distributions that can be exploited for estimation purposes. In certain cases with highly unbalanced observational samples, the accuracy of the causal effect estimate can be improved by incorporating observational data. Second, for continuous variables and assuming a linear-Gaussian model, we derive equality constraints for the parameters of the observational and interventional distributions. Third, for the general continuous setting (possibly nonlinear and non-Gaussian), we parameterize the reduced causal model using normalizing flows, a flexible class of easily invertible nonlinear transformations. We perform a series of experiments on synthetic data and find that in several cases the number of interventional samples can be reduced when adding observational training samples without sacrificing accuracy.


We present a systematic theoretical study on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the novel tetragonal transition-metal-based 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane molecule coordination single sheets (referred to as TM@TCNQ, TM = Cr-Co). Our results unveil that, in TM@TCNQ, two valence electrons would transfer from one TM atom to TCNQ molecules, making them more stable. Among these structures, Cr@TCNQ, Mn@TCNQ, and Fe@TCNQ exhibit long-range antiferromagnetic coupling while Co@TCNQ is paramagnetic; this dictates these sheets being ideal candidates for spintronic devices. Such long-range magnetic coupling in the studied systems is related to the modulation via the TCNQ ligands. Besides, to explain the magnetic moment qualitatively, we propose a model on d splitting named "4 + 1 splitting". The possible underlying physical mechanisms are discussed in detail. In addition, TM@TCNQ may conceal promising performance for hydrogen storage according to our results. These predications strongly revive these new synthesized systems as viable candidates for spintronics and hydrogen storage.


Induced polarization method is one of common methods for electrical prospecting of geophysical. The paper is to analyses and research application of embedded technology for induced polarization instrument and design multifunctional transceiver instrument. The paper is to realize hardware part of induced polarization instrument by regarding ARM processor as hardware core by combination of current intelligent power module (IPM), induced polarization analog signal processing and 24-digit △-∑ high-precision A/D conversion chip (CS5532), etc. It can transplant embedded operation system (uClinux) on embedded ARM processor and formulate drive program which matches hardware circuit and application program to fulfils various functions including data acquisition, data processing & display, data storage & transmission required by induced polarization instrument under uClinux system management.


When small electrolytic lesions area made in area 18 and [3H]proline is injected into area 17 of the same side, the inputs to the visual area of the superior temporal sulcus, from these two areas can he mapped separately and independently in the same animal. By using this approach, it was found that both area 17 and area 18 project to the same small region in the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus. We conclude that the latter area receives an overlapping input from area 17 and from area 18.