Breast cancer (BC) represents the most frequent neoplasm in women with a risk of incidence between 10% and 12%. The detection of tumor associated and oncofetal antigen re-expression in a variety of neoplastically transformed cell types has aided in the more precise diagnosis and prognostication of human cancers. The homeobox (HOX) genes encode proteins which contain a 61 amino acid DNA-binding homeodomain and are involved in the transcriptional regulation of other genes during normal onto- and histogenesis. The class I HOX genes are organized in four clusters on different chromosomes in humans, with a high conservation in the order of the genes within each of these clusters. Re-expression of HOX gene products has been reported in a wide variety of neoplastically transformed cells and it seems quite likely that the HOX genes represent yet another class of oncofetal antigens involved in both normal development and carcinogenesis, as well as tumor progression. The expression pattern of three HOX gene products (HOX-B3, -B4, and -C6) was examined immunocytochemically in 11 human breast carcinoma (BC) tissues. In all observed BC cases, HOX-C6 was present in over 90% of the neoplastically transformed cells (+4) demonstrating a high grade (A and B) staining intensity. The same expression pattern was defined for the other two observed proteins (HOX-B3 and -B4; over 90% or +4 and a high grade staining intensity or A and B). Current treatment of BC encompasses the three "classic" modalities of therapy: surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Although advances have been made, we still face great difficulties in the treatment of this deadly human neoplasm. Therefore, we are always seeking novel tumor associated antigens (TAAs), including oncofetal antigens, to use as molecular targets in cancer cell directed fourth modality immunotherapy.


Signal encryption and recovery using chaotic optical waves has been a subject of active research in the past 10 years. Since an acousto-optic Bragg cell with zeroth- and first-order feedback exhibits chaotic behavior past the threshold for bistability, such a system was recently examined for possible chaotic encryption using a low-amplitude sinusoidal signal applied via the bias input of the sound cell driver 1, 2. Subsequent recovery of the message signal was carried out via a heterodyne strategy employing a locally generated chaotic carrier, with threshold parameters matched to the transmitting Bragg cell. The simulation results, though encouraging, were limited to relatively low chaos frequencies and sinusoidal message signals only. In this paper, we extend the previous work by (i) increasing the chaos frequency using appropriate parameter control; (ii) carefully examining the system sensitivity to three system parameters, viz., feedback delay, feedback gain, and dc bias level; (iii) examine signal recoverability relative to shifts in the three parameters mentioned above relative to the transmitter; and (iv) determining the robustness of such a system relative to the primary transmitter parameters. Additionally, we consider also the effect of the additive bandpass noise (obtained from white Gaussian noise in the simulator) on signal recovery in such a system from a performance standpoint. It is also conjectured that signal recovery can be effected by passing the modulated light through a second sound cell in a matched chaotic regime. This aspect is also under investigation.


Pthiriasis palpebrarum caused by infestation with Pthirus pubis (crab louse) draws attention to pediculosis in the pubic and inguinal region. As pthiriasis is usually transmitted by sexual contact, many cases are likely to have other sexually transmitted diseases. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of these cases. In this case report, we highlight the above and report for the first time associated keratitis.


In this talk, we will explore the history, current status, and future prospects for the transistor. We review the 30+ year past, focusing primarily on the work-horse planar CMOSFET, as well as the incredible state of integrated electronics it has enabled. We look at the more recent past, where the "end of scaling" and death of the planar MOSFET has been repeatedly forecast, and discuss critical innovations on strained-silicon and high-k/metal-gate transistors which have extended MOSFET scaling. Next we look to the near future, to strong candidates for the generations of process technology to come and challenges which must be overcome to enable them. Finally, we peer into our crystal ball in the distant future and consider the viable options for the next switching element to continue the march of integrated electronics.


The optimized weight spectrum sequence (OWSS) is utilized as a design criterion in this paper to determine the periodic puncturing pattern and the non-periodic puncturing pattern of partially systematic RCPT (PS-RCPT) codes for LTE systems. It is shown that the OWSS-criterion based PS-RCPT codes outperform the pseudo-random puncturing (PRP) based PS-RCPT codes. Meanwhile, it is unveiled that, the puncturing ratio of information bits should be carefully determined in PS-RCPT codes generation to achieve reasonable tradeoff between the waterfall region and the error floor region performance.


This site-synthesis volume presents 20 years of work at the North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Research Site. It provides the definitive information base for the ecology of temperate lakes, and a general assessment of the role of lakes within their landscapes. The Wisconsin temperate lakes LTER site has had a major role in the growth of our modern limonological understanding, and this book also chronicles the history of this work. The book should be of interest to most American limonologists and a significant number of general ecologists.


This paper presents the behaviour of empty and foam-filled aluminium tubes under axial and oblique impact loading. The influence of filler density and geometrical parameters on the energy absorption response was investigated by employing a finite element (FE) code, LSDYNA. Main trends in the experimental results are well reproduced by the FE results. The critical effective point for the foam-filled tubes has been identified. Significant influence of thickness, bottom diameter, filler density and load angle has been observed on the critical effective point and hence the specific energy absorption (SEA). These factors can be effectively used as controlled parameters in achieving lower critical effective point and hence higher SEA of foam-filled tubes. The information established in this study is envisaged to facilitate the future development of thin-walled tubes for impact applications. 


The present and future markets for photovoltaic devices are discussed in detail. It is pointed out that such devices are already a major industry rather than just a hope for the future. The existing commercial devices and other near-term possibilities are briefly described and some of the companies involved in research, development, and/or commercial production associated with each class of material are identified.


A very brief review is given of some of the developments leading to our current understanding of black holes in string theory. This is followed by a discussion of two possible misconceptions in this subject - one involving the stability of small black holes and the other involving scale radius duality. Finally, I describe some recent results concerning quasinormal modes of black holes in anti-de Sitter spacetime, and their implications for strongly coupled conformal field theories (in various dimensions).


Religion has been shown to influence economic choices and outcomes in a variety of contexts. Honesty and risk aversion are two social norms forwarded to characterize the religious. Using the level of religious adherence in the county of a U.S. firm's headquarters as a proxy for these religious social norms, we find that higher levels of religious adherence are associated with both a lower likelihood of financial restatement and less risk that financial statements are misrepresented because of overstated (understated) revenue/assets (expenses/liabilities). We also find that accruals of managers in areas of high religious adherence exhibit smaller deviations from expectations, and deviations, when they occur, tend to improve the time series mapping of accruals into cash flows. These results hold overall and separately for both Catholic and Protestant religious adherence. Further analysis reveals that the effects of religious social norms extend beyond accrual choices. We find that firms located in areas of high religious adherence are less likely to engage in tax sheltering, and are more forthcoming with bad news in their voluntary disclosures. Collectively, our results provide new evidence on the role of religion and social norms in corporate financial reporting.


A dual phase gas diffusion-FIA system containing a tubular PTFE-membrane was studied as a mean of producing gas samples for routine 15N/14N isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. The method is based on Rittenberg's reaction; the ammonium sample is injected into a liquid alkaline stream containing hypobromite and the N2 gas produced in the reaction diffuses across a PTFE-membrane into a helium carrier stream which carries it to the detector. Initially here, the use of a tubular microporous PTFE-membrane as a device for the preconcentration of samples in aqueous solutions was investigated. The performance of such a membrane was studied under a variety of operating conditions. A qualitative model of the membrane mechanism was developed based on the diffusion transport of vapour away from the contained liquid surface through the connected pore space. The dispersion undergone by the sample in the GD-FIA system containing this preconcentration unit was also studied and this FIA system was applied as a practical device for the determination and speciation of aluminium in a river water sample. The procedure for generating nitrogen gas involved optimisation of the system parameters including the oxidation reaction step and the production on-line of the chemicals used. The nitrogen gas was generated easily and rapidly, allowing a sample throughput capability of the order of 20 h-1. The system was applied to the determination of total nitrogen content in agricultural sample prepared by the Kjeldahl digestion. The method offered precision and accuracy comparable to those of the standard distillationtitration procedure. Isotope ratios were determined with good precision and means for obtaining accuracy comparable with established techniques were developed. It was also shown that the DPGD-FIA system can be readily adapted to enable different forms of nitrogen e. g. N02-, N03- and NH4+ to be determined.


Asia's Cockpit, Afghanistan, is not only a strategic neigbour but also share intellectual, geographical, cultural, and diplomatic relations with Pakistan. Pakistan and Afghanistan's long but porous border has been a source of trade, people interaction, and economic integration. The landlocked Afghanistan seeks an opportunity for trade through Pakistan under the provision of GATT Article V, UN law of Seas 1981 and New York Convention-1965. This study is conducted to examine Pak-Afghan Transit Trade relations over the years. Study is descriptive in nature based on data extracted from published government sources and research papers. Study found that Pak-Afghan signed two transit trade agreements i.e. Afghan Transit Trade Agreement on March 02, 1965 at Kabul and Afghan-Pak Transit Trade Agreement on October 28, 2010 at Islamabad. Under this agreement Pakistan permitted using of territory for trade transit enter from Karachi Port and Port Qasim and exist through Chaman and Torkham. Study found these agreements are bilaterally beneficial, however the research revealed that volume of Afghan transit trade decreased due to the sporadic events of border closures over the years and resultantly Afghanistan seeks transit trade opportunities through Turkmenistan, Iran, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan as per mutually agreed transit trade agreements with them. Afghan's transit trade shift through other routes has serious implications for Pakistan socio-political and socio-economic interests. Since, peace and prosperity passes through international trade and economic integration therefore, both countries should adopt realistic approach towards each other's sensitivities and concerns. Afghanistan must take a serious measures in controlling flow of smuggling and terrorism across Afghan land to Pakistan. The research recommends revisiting of the agreement and realign with the obvious opportunities emerging from the CPEC. Afghan should permit and facilitate Pakistan to trade with Central Asia and beyond using Afghan territory. The research further recommends that both countries to ensure that their bilateral relation are not affected by ties with any other country.


There are several methods to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol can be produced from cellulose and hemicelluloses that originate from many sources of biomass. The study was focus on the production of ethanol from sugarcane baggase using Saccharomyces cerevisiea as fermentation aide to expand the usage of the sugarcane baggase. The objectives of this study are to determine the yield of ethanol produced from certain amount of biomass waste (sugarcane baggase), the effects of the temperature and agitation speed in fermentation process. Pretreatment was used for breakdown the lignin seal to produce the highest yield of glucose. Enzymatic process is purposed to convert the cellulose to glucose. At the end of this study, the yield of ethanol produced was increase in a little with the temperature and agitation speed when reached the optimum point in fermentation process. Theoretically, every gram of glucose can theoretically yield 0.51 g of ethanol. The result given by the fermentation process where the ethanol composition at optimal temperature and agitation speed, 35C and 200 rpm is 5.1 in weight percent and 6.5 in volume percent.


* Control of the Legal Infostructure * Who Owns Your Name and Address? * Who Owns Your Telephone Number? * Who Owns Your Medical History? * Who Owns Your Image? * Who Owns Your Electronic Messages? * Who Owns Video Entertainment? * Who Owns Religious Information? * Who Owns Computer Software? * Who Owns Government Information? * Conclusion: Information as an Asset: From Personal Autonomy to Public Access


Dietary diversification through indigenous diets as means of ensuring household nutrition security is being promoted. Cassava diets constitute staple food to most Nigerian populace, but their contribution to nutrient intake is not well documented. Nutrient composition, effect of processing, and contribution of noodles (Abacha ) and local salad from cassava to nutrient intake of consumers were studied. Proximate and mineral composition of raw cassava, Abacha snack and salad menu were carried out using standard methods of analysis of AOAC. The crude protein, lipid, fibre and ash content of cassava were very low (0.9, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.4/100 g, respectively). Processing cassava to Abacha led to significant reduction in proximate and significant improvement in mineral composition of product (p < 0.05). Preparing Abacha into local salad brought significant improvement (p < 0.05) in its nutrient content. 100 g portion of Abacha and local salad contained 0.8 and 14.3 g crude protein, 0.5 and 13.6 g lipids, 0.7 and 3.2 g fibre, 0.7 and 6.7 g ash, yielded 358.3 and 430.4 kilocalories and can contribute 15.6 and 18.7% energy, 1.3 and 22.7% protein, 4.7 and 21.3% crude fibre, 13.3 and 51.3% iron, 13.9 and 30.3% phosphorus, 24 and 36.0% zinc to percentage recommended dietary allowances (%RDAs) of consumers, respectively.


This paper is concerned with intrinsic control performance limitations achievable by feedback for single-input and multi-output (SIMO) possibley unstable and non-minimum phase linear discrete-time systems. We investigate two typical H2 optimal control problems, namely optimal tracking control problem and minmal energy control problem. We derive closed-form analytical expressions of the best achievable tracking error and minmal energy H2 norms. The former consists of plant gain as well as unstable poles and non-minimum phase zeros of the plant, while the latter is only given by unstable poles and non-minimum phase zeros of the plant. Those results are confirmed by several numerical examples, and they characterize easiness and difficulty of plants to be controlled.


Objectives Collective intelligence (CI), which is defined as shared intelligence emerging from a group of people when they work on the same tasks, is a cornerstone of science where researchers interact and collaborate with each other. However, a new kind of CI through crowdsourcing is emerging by inclusively mobilising people who are not usually involved in research to conduct more innovative research which address the needs of the community. Climate CoLab, an initiative experimenting new ideas to tackle climate change, has mobilised more than 90 000 people to develop and implement more than 2000 research proposals within 7 years since its creation. To determine whether CI through crowdsourcing could change how research is performed, we systematically reviewed methods of mobilising CI through crowdsourcing across different fields of research. Method We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO Business Source Premier, EBSCO Academic Source Premier, Google scholar and resources of the Centre for Collective Intelligence Massachusetts Institute of Technology for all reports describing a research project that had applied methods of CI through crowdsourcing defined as shared intelligence emerging when mobilising people who are usually not involved in the research process to work on a specific task (e.g., solving a problem, generating ideas). We extracted information on the following domains: (1) purposes of using CI, (2) type of participants and methods to recruit participants, (3) motivation, (4) type of participants' contribution to the project, (5) type of interaction between participants, (6) methods to evaluate participants' contribution and decision making process, (7) challenges and drawbacks of CI reported by authors and authors' satisfaction with participants' contributions. We applied content analysis to inductively develop themes and categories for each domain. Results We identified 141 reports. CI was mobilised to generate ideas, to evaluate ideas/work, to solve problem (e.g., diagnose disease, analyse and interpret data), or to create intellectual products. Most research projects (76%) were open to the public without restriction to the expertise of participants. Incentives to participants and intrinsic motivation were reported in 74% of articles. Of those reported, 38% were financial incentives, followed by recognition from the network (8%), access to data (2%). Independent contribution (i.e., no interaction with other participants) (37%), collaboration (31%), competitions (26%), and playing games (11%) were the methods by which participants contributed to projects. 61% of articles reported methods of evaluation of participants' contribution and decision-making process with 43% of projects using an independent panel of experts and 18% involving end-users in evaluation and decision making. Some challenges in implementation and sustainability of collective intelligence were reported. Conclusions Our results provide an in-depth description of methods for mobilising collective intelligence and we propose a framework to facilitate its use in research. However, more research is needed to understand the conditions which enable and constrain the success of collective intelligence.


We report on a 67 year old man in whom the chest x-ray revealed marked interstitial opacities in both lungs. The diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was established by the presence of five criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for diagnosing RA. High resolution computertomography of the chest confirmed the abnormalities seen in the conventional chest x-ray. A biopsy, taken by open lung surgery, showed the typical pattern of pulmonary involvement in RA and confirmed the association of RA and interstitial lung fibrosis. The histologic examination pointed out lymphocytic infiltration of the bronchies, thickened alveolar walls with lymphoplasmarcellular infiltration and an increase in fibrous connective tissue. A congestive heart failure with severe arrhythmias and an obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were diagnosed in addition. The rhythm disturbances were attributed to the participation of the myocardium in RA and/or by the OSAS. By the treatment with prednisolone, methotrexate, mexiletine and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) the rhythm disturbances were alleviated and the patient's condition improved.


Researches of chemical indicators of quality of black currant berries growing in the South of Russia are carried out. The dependences of the accumulation of soluble dry substances; acids, which are represented by citric, Apple and amber; vitamins C and P, taking into account varietal characteristics. Black currant occupies a leading place among berry crops on the content of biologically active substances. Some varieties are able to meet the daily need for vitamins C and P (more than 100 mg/100 g): grace, Nara, Black pearls, Black veil. High content of mineral substances is noted in the varieties Grazia, Nara, Black veil. Of all the ash elements, the largest proportion is potassium, then calcium, magnesium, sodium, the level of which is almost 2 times higher than their number in other berry crops. The problem-oriented approach is applied, which allows to solve the problems of meeting the medical and biological requirements and compliance with the basic technological principles of production of therapeutic and prophylactic products. Models of compounding compositions for choosing the optimal ingredient composition of canned food are made. The necessary amount of fruit ingredients that provide a certain biological value has been established. New types of food products have been developed: jam «Currant-cherry plum» from fruit and berry raw materials optimally balanced in ingredient composition, therapeutic and preventive purposes; confiture «Currant-strawberry», which is a source of vitamins (C, P), polyphenols, pectin substances, macro-and microelements, in a complex providing an increase in the protective reactions of the human body and 50 % or more satisfying its daily need.


We establish deep and remarkable connections among partial differential equations (PDEs) integrable by different methods: the inverse spectral transform method, the method of characteristics and the Hopf–Cole transformation. More concretely, (1) we show that the integrability properties (Lax pair, infinitely-many commuting symmetries, large classes of analytic solutions) of (2+1)-dimensional PDEs integrable by the inverse scattering transform method (S-integrable) can be generated by the integrability properties of the (1+1)-dimensional matrix Bürgers hierarchy, integrable by the matrix Hopf–Cole transformation (C-integrable). (2) We show that the integrability properties (i) of S-integrable PDEs in (1+1) dimensions, (ii) of the multidimensional generalizations of the self-dual Yang–Mills equations and (iii) of the multidimensional Calogero equations can be generated by the integrability properties of a recently introduced multidimensional matrix equation solvable by the method of characteristics. To establish the above links, we consider a block Frobenius matrix reduction of the relevant matrix fields, leading to integrable chains of matrix equations for the blocks of such a Frobenius matrix, followed by a systematic elimination procedure of some of these blocks. The construction of large classes of solutions of the soliton equations from solutions of the matrix Bürgers hierarchy turns out to be intimately related to the construction of solutions in Sato theory. (3) Finally, we show that suitable generalizations of the block Frobenius matrix reduction of the matrix Bürgers hierarchy generates PDEs exhibiting integrability properties in common with both S- and C-integrable equations.


References http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/7/46/727.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 61 articles, 18 of which can be accessed free Rapid response http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/letters/submit/royinterface;7/46/727 Respond to this article Subject collections (498 articles) environmental science  • (203 articles) biomathematics  • Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections


devoted to death santa muerte the skeleton saint is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the devoted to death santa muerte the skeleton saint is universally compatible with any devices to read.


This paper deals with transmission anomalies of freestanding two-dimensional bandgap structures, which have found a large application range as filter and guiding structures in communication systems and radioastronomical applications in the far infrared region. The effect appears as a sharp breakdown of the transmission factor in the passband of quadratic patch and slot structures, first revealed by measurements. This paper outlines the numerical confirmation of these effects by computer simulations based on the method of moments combined with the Floquet theorem. The transmission and reflection behavior is examined for different structure geometries, frequency ranges, angle, and polarization of the incident wave also revealing alternative structures suppressing these effects. The modeling with electric and magnetic currents allows the characterization of both patch and slot arrays. Finally, cross shaped structures are examined allowing the complete suppression of this kind of anomalies.


Heat shock proteins (HSP) like Hsp60, Hsp70 and gp96 act directly on antigen-presenting cells (APC), e.g. by inducing the secretion of cytokines. Here we analyzed the impact of Hsp60 on the antigen-specific activation of CD8(+) T cells in a TCR transgenic system. Hsp60 induced low amounts of IFN-gamma in the absence of antigenic peptide; however, the release of IFN-gamma is increased by a factor of 3-10 following the addition of Hsp60 to purified populations of OT-1 [ovalbumin (OVA)257-264/H2-K(b)-restricted] T cells and antigen-pulsed peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) as APC. This effect is strictly correlated with the PEC ability to produce IL-12. In contrast, antigen-specific IL-2 secretion and T cell proliferation was not changed in the presence of Hsp60. Hsp60-containing OT-1 T cell cultures produced IFN-gamma even when the number of antigenic MHC class I complexes was too low to be stimulatory and could not be detected with specific mAb. Hsp60, thus, acts as a catalyzing molecule to initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses, and its presence (e.g. during an infection with cellular destruction) has direct consequences for the activation of otherwise 'ignorant' antigen-specific T cells.


We report that the classical guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue (MB, 1 microM or 10 microM), but not the selective guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxidazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (1 microM) or nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microM), causes a shift to the left in the concentration-response curve for noradrenaline in the isolated rat vas deferens preparations. The main objective of our study was to investigate the pharmacological mechanism by which MB increases the sensitivity of the rat vas deferens to noradrenaline. According to the presented results, MB did not change rat vas deferens sensitivity to methoxamine or noradrenaline in the presence of desipramine (0.1 microM). The pre-contracted rat vas deferens relaxation induced by isoproterenol was also not significantly changed by MB (1 microM). Thus, we suggest that MB increases rat vas deferens sensitivity through neuronal uptake inhibition without interfering in either the nitrergic mechanism or guanylate cyclase activity.


Mobile platforms available for use in robotic systems vary enormously in their mobility and in their control characteristics. In particular, the characteristics which are desirable in an autonomous vehicle for unstructured terrain are quite different from those which are optimum in a vehicle for partially structured terrain, such as road following, or for a mobile platform for use in a highly structured factory environment. The controlled degrees of freedom of the platform impact the manner in which it can be used. Platforms with articulated steering are severely limited in situations, such as mobile industrial robot service, in which lateral motion may be desirable.


SUMMARY  The discovery, 40 years ago, of REM sleep and of its putative association with dreaming in the adult human raised the possibility that neuroscientific investigations of REM‐sleep physiology would someday 'explain' the distinctive features of dream experience. I argue here against the possibility, since replicated psychological data demonstrate that REM sleep is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for dreaming to occur. Dreaming depends, rather, upon the possession of conscious representational intelligence in conjunction with any psychophysiological state in which ideation is being driven neither volitionally nor by external stimulation.


Various isomers of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were studied to induce and modulate the generation of lipo-oxygenase products (leukotrienes) from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) under non-cytotoxic conditions. Stimulation of human PMN with PCB did not induce leukotriene generation by themselves, but modulated the subsequent leukotriene formation when opsonized zymosan or sodium fluoride (NaF) were applied as stimuli. The simultaneous addition of PMN with opsonized zymosan and PCB, especially 3,3',4,4'-TCB, led to an increased generation of leukotrienes compared to the control. 3,3',4,4'-TCB exceeded the activity of the remainder PCB in a dose-dependent manner and also induced a chemiluminescence response from PMN. The simultaneous incubation of PMN with NaF and 3,3'-DCB,3,3',4,4'-TCB and 2,2',3,3'-TCB showed an inhibitory effect on leukotriene generation unlike NaF stimulation in the absence of PCB. Incubation of PMN with PCB had no significant effect on leukotriene generation induced by the Ca-ionophore (5 microM). Our data show a direct relationship between the extent of PMN stimulation and the chloro-substitution pattern of the PCB in combination with the different stimuli.


The
US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2009) reports that each year
76 million cases of foodborne illness occur with over 300,000 people hospitalized
and 5000 deaths. This study, phase I of a continuing study, identifies key areas
for food safety improvement. This study is designed as an exploratory
evaluation of independently owned and operated delicatessen operations, using
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
as indicators to assess food handling and the public's risk for
pathogenic contamination from commonly served ready-to-eat/take-away foods. The
analysis consisted of a comprehensive strategy of laboratory testing of samples
for pathogenic contamination, informal field observation of food handling
procedures, and the examination of the most recent health inspection reports
for each of the 18 operations visited. The deli turkey, cream cheese and lettuce were tested using bacteria indicator plates. The results showed widespread levels of contamination. Of the 54 samples tested
for Escherichia coli, 26 showed
positive results which are ~45% for E.
coli contamination. Of the 54 samples tested for Staphy-lococcus aureus, 31 showed positive results which are ~57%
for S. aureus contamination. One
issue discovered while conducting the study was the lack of consistent
uniform international standards of contamination tolerance levels. The
informal field observations and health report analyses revealed widespread temperature violations and numerous instances of
poor food handling. The study offers independent practitioners a strategy
designed to improve their health inspections scores, food handling, and mitigation
of operator liability. Independent operators
traditionally do not enjoy the resources of centralized supervision and
expert on-staff training; yet in aggregate they account for significant
volume in both dollars and the quantity of product served.
This study adds needed scrutiny to this important food niche.


According to analyzing and researching the concept and structure of trusted computing, this paper reviews the relative work of security operating system based on trusted computing. Then a security model based on trusted computing IBLP is advanced through the improvement of a classical security model BLP. The overall design scheme and modularized implementation of a secure operating system for trusted computing is presented on the base of the above work. Finally, the experiment result indicates the effectiveness and feasibility of our system


Two components of voltage‐gated, inward currents were observed from murine colonic myocytes. One component had properties of L‐type Ca2+ currents and was inhibited by nicardipine (5 × 10−7m). A second component did not 'run down' during dialysis and was resistant to nicardipine (up to 10−6m). The nicardipine‐insensitive current was activated by small depolarizations above the holding potential and reversed near 0 mV. This low‐voltage‐activated current (ILVA) was resolved with step depolarizations positive to ‐60 mV, and the current rapidly inactivated upon sustained depolarization. The voltage of half‐inactivation was ‐65 mV. Inactivation and activation time constants at ‐45 mV were 86 and 15 ms, respectively. The half‐recovery time from inactivation was 98 ms at ‐45 mV. ILVA peaked at ‐40 mV and the current reversed at 0 mV. I lva was inhibited by Ni2+ (IC50= 1.4 × 10−5m), mibefradil (10−6 to 10−5m), and extracellular Ba2+. Replacement of extracellular Na+ with N‐methyl‐d‐glucamine inhibited ILVA and shifted the reversal potential to ‐7 mV. Increasing extracellular Ca2+ (5 × 10−3m) increased the amplitude of ILVA and shifted the reversal potential to +22 mV. ILVA was also blocked by extracellular Cs+ (10−4m) and Gd3+ (10−6m). Warming increased the rates of activation and deactivation without affecting the amplitude of the peak current. We conclude that the second component of voltage‐dependent inward current in murine colonic myocytes is not a 'T‐type' Ca2+ current but rather a novel, voltage‐gated non‐selective cation current. Activation of this current could be important in the recovery of membrane potential following inhibitory junction potentials in gastrointestinal smooth muscle or in mediating responses to agonists.


It has been shown recently that non-Abelian states and the spin-polarized and unpolarized versions of the Abelian 331 state may have identical signatures in Fabry-P\'{e}rot interferometry in the quantum Hall effect at filling factor 5/2. We calculate the Fano factor for the shot noise in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the 331 states and demonstrate that it differs from the Fano factor in the proposed non-Abelian states. The Fano factor depends periodically on the magnetic flux through the interferometer. Its maximal value is $2\times 1.4e$ for the 331 states with a symmetry between two flavors of quasiparticles. In the absence of such symmetry the Fano factor can reach $2\times 2.3e$. On the other hand, for the Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states the maximal Fano factor is $2\times 3.2e$. The period of the flux dependence of the Fano factor is one flux quantum. If only quasiparticles of one flavor can tunnel through the interferometer then the period drops to one half of the flux quantum. We also discuss transport signatures of a general Halperin state with the filling factor $2+k/(k+2)$.


Informal learning at museums are an important complement to formal school learning. Children arriving on field trips can expand their knowledge, and gain new understanding and perspectives of real world phenomena. Electronic mobile applications are often used in museums to provide information about the exhibits, as well as support student's engagement with the museum items. However, it is unclear whether they support learning better than conventional non-technological aids. Furthermore, it is unclear what type of electronic guide best supports learning. In this work, we examine young students' mobile learning in the museum, comparing three types of activity guides: a paper booklet, an information-based mobile application and a constructivist-based mobile application. Results indicate that students using the constructivist guide learned better than students using the informative guide but not better than ones using the paper booklet, and that overall, students preferred the mobile application over the paper booklet.


It has been argued that the bosonic sectors of supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, and of QCD with a single fermion in the antisymmetric (or symmetric) tensor representation, are equivalent in the N{yields}{infinity} limit. If true, this correspondence can provide useful insight into properties of real QCD (with fundamental representation fermions), such as predictions [with O(1/N) corrections] for the nonperturbative vacuum energy, the chiral condensate, and a variety of other observables. Several papers asserting to have proven this large N 'orientifold equivalence' have appeared. By considering theories compactified on R{sup 3}xS{sup 1}, we show explicitly that this large N equivalence fails for sufficiently small radius, where our analysis is reliable, due to spontaneous symmetry breaking of charge-conjugation symmetry in QCD with an antisymmetric (or symmetric) tensor representation fermion. This theory is also chirally symmetric for small radius, unlike super-Yang-Mills theory. The situation is completely analogous to large-N equivalences based on orbifold projections: simple symmetry realization conditions are both necessary and sufficient for the validity of the large N equivalence. Whether these symmetry realization conditions are satisfied depends on the specific nonperturbative dynamics of the theory under consideration. Unbroken charge-conjugation symmetry is necessary for validity of the large N orientifold equivalence. Whethermore » or not this condition is satisfied on R{sup 4} (or R{sup 3}xS{sup 1} for sufficiently large radius) is not currently known.« less


Billing Revised System (BRS), Billing Integrated System (BIS95) and Maryblyt iƒ" Version 4.3 computer models were used for predicting fire blight infection risks in apple and pear orchards in Tokat and Ankara provinces during 1998, 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. Infection risk days were predicted accurately with BRS risk assessment system, but this system was indicated more infection risk days than that of actual infections. Blossom and shoot infection risk days on pear were predicted more accurately with BIS95 model. In 1998, Maryblyt model have been successful in predicting blossom blight infections but first symptoms in orchard were occurred later than predicted. In 2000 and 2001 Maryblyt and BIS95 models indicated infection risk days in pear orchards due to hail and the first symptoms on pear were detected according to the prediction of these models. In both years no infection risk days on apple were predicted by Maryblyt model but BIS95 indicated blossom blight infection risk days in 2000. As a result of these studies, Maryblyt and BIS95 models were evaluated successfully for indicating the dates of infection risk and symptom occurrence in Tokat and Ankara provinces.


A natural choice for quantum communication is to use the relative phase between two paths of a single-photon for information encoding. This method was nevertheless quickly identified as impractical over long distances and thus a modification based on single-photon time-bins has then become widely adopted. It however, introduces a fundamental loss, which increases with the dimension and that limits its application over long distances. Here, we are able to solve this long-standing hurdle by employing a few-mode fiber space-division multiplexing platform working with orbital angular momentum modes. In our scheme, we maintain the practicability provided by the time-bin scheme, while the quantum states are transmitted through a few-mode fiber in a configuration that does not introduce post-selection losses. We experimentally demonstrate our proposal by successfully transmitting phase-encoded single-photon states for quantum cryptography over 500 m of few-mode fiber, showing the feasibility of our scheme.


A new CPS antenna design is presented. This antenna is suitable for RFID tags, operating at 2.45GHz. The device was fabricated on RT6002 substrate of thickness h=1.5 mm. Input impedance control is based on the conformal mapping technique. A full wave EM simulator was used to obtain the frequency response. Simulated and experimental results are presented


Progesterone is said to play an important role in the secretory transformation of the endometrium, maintenance of gestation and relaxation of the myometrium. Progesterone is also said to be involved in ovulation and fertilization, and is contained in large amounts in the follicular fluid and peritoneal fluid. As with other steroid hormones, progesterone exists in the blood in protein-bound and free forms, and it is the free form which exhibits biological activity. In order to evaluate the biological activity of progesterone, we determined the percent free progesterone, employing the method used by Vlahos et al. for the determination of testosterone. No significant difference was noted between the percent free progesterone in the follicular phase (4.44 +/- 0.30%) and luteal phase (4.77 +/- 0.26%) of the menstrual cycle. However, a tendency for the percent free progesterone to rise was recognized in the first, and the value significantly increased to 5.54 +/- 0.51% in the third trimester (p less than 0.005). The percent free progesterone during the follicular phase in the peritoneal fluid was 4.95 +/- 0.30%, and in the follicular fluid, 5.39 +/- 0.22%, both values being larger than the value in the serum during the same phase.


The basic thought foundation of the integration and optimization of higher education resources is embodied in the concept of resource conservation and development, with the integration of limited off-campus resources, presenting the resource characteristics. Based on the regional development of resources, make full use of school-based education resources, and highlight regional resource fusion. Through the characteristics of higher education resources, further model and analyze the feasibility of coordination between educational resources. We put forward the thought of integrating the industrialization development of universities. Integrate and optimize the educational resources by combining the development of regional cultural industries. With the assistance of regional economic and industrial development, the industrial economy education resources are actively utilized. Based on the overall form of regional social development, the concept of resource saving higher education development is constructed. With the aim of saving resources, we can effectively optimize the concept of industrialization and integration of higher education resources. Promote the integration and optimization of regional industrialization resources, thus forming a substantive impact on the diversity and multi-channel of the development of higher education resources. It is demonstrated that the key to optimizing and integrating the resources of higher education is to explore the concept of resource conservation, and fully study its internal meaning and intrinsic value to reflect its function, thus promoting the integration of educational resources with a strong purpose and direction. The exploration of the resource-saving development of higher education systematically screen the resources of regional humanistic spirit and humanistic quality, which is conducive to promoting the integration of resource elements to promote the overall development of higher education, and develop new ideas for the development of educational resources for the overall construction of humanistic education resources, so as to make the development of humanistic education play a positive role in promoting the overall education.


Abstract Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive, photosensitive and cancer-prone syndrome, the biochemical hallmark of which is a defect in nucleotide excision repair of ultraviolet (UV)–induced mutagenic lesions. After isolation and amplification of several strains of XP-C keratinocytes and fibroblasts, a three-dimensional skin model in vitro comprising both epidermis and a dermal equivalent could be obtained. XP dermal tissues and XP epidermis displayed specific morphological and biochemical characteristics compared with tissues obtained with normal cells. One of the major features was the formation of epidermal invaginations into the dermal equivalent. After UV-B exposure, and contrary to repair of DNA lesions in normal cells, the XP model displayed repair deficiency with long-lasting persistence of UV-induced DNA damage and p53 positive nuclei. Recent data obtained after genetic correction leading to functional XPC gene in keratinocytes and fibroblasts revealed that several abnormal features could be normalized. In conclusion, reconstruction of XP skin in vitro provides a very promising system to study genetic hyperphotosensitivity and opens a rational perspective to XP tissue therapy.


Although public housing is typically associated with high crime rates, little research has been done on fear of crime or violent victimization experiences among public housing residents. Moreover, there are few studies that look specifically at women's fear of crime or violent victimization experiences in public housing, despite the fact that women constitute the majority of public housing residents. These issues were examined in the present study through interviews with female public housing residents in Camden, New Jersey (NJ). The interviews reveal high rates of violent victimization, especially at the hands of intimates and acquaintances. Fear of crime is also high among these women and this fear is intensified by the women's sense of social isolation, which manifests itself as distrust in the police and neighbours. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.


From 1900 to 1940, family businesses in the brick- and tile-making industry of Athens and its port, Piraeus, were a notable institution that played an important role in the development of the sector and its transformation from artisanal to factory production. They formed a dense network of small and medium-scale units, from which more than 20 big factories would emerge after the 1920s. Α strong and constant antagonism between them, on the one side, and the few European-scale large industrial units, on the other, developed. Within this framework, the story of the Athens brick industry in this period can be vividly interpreted through the function and evolution of familial firms (which were under the control of nuclear, extended or multinuclear families) and the actions of their owners.


The phase transition of matter outside the four-dimensional Reissner-Nordstr¨om charged black hole have been investigated. Based on the metric we have found analytic expressions for thermodynamic quantities as temperature, pressure and isobaric specific heat. The numerical results have shown that for temperatures T less than the critical value Tc there exits a "liquid-gas" phase transition similar to the Van der Waals fluid. In addition, also pointed out that both temperature and spatial curvature affect phase transitions, but phase transitions are always the first oder.


The present study evaluated the efficacy of an electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing system for radical abdominal hysterectomy (RAH). A total of 85 consecutive patients who underwent RAH with pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer or endometrial cancer were analyzed; in 18 patients, the LigaSure system (Valleylab, Boulder, Colo) was used to secure the vascular pedicles, and in the remaining 67 patients, clamps were used, and the pedicles suture ligated. Compared with the conventional suture group, the patients in the LigaSure group had a significantly shorter operation time (mean, LigaSure 242.8 ± 36.1 minutes vs conventional, 349.1 ± 82.6) minutes; P < 0.001) and lower blood loss (mean, 583.1 ± 287.6 mL vs 999.0 ± 524.2 mL; P < 0.005). Only 1 (0.06%) of the 18 patients in the LigaSure group was transfused, whereas 27 (40.2%) of the 67 patients in the conventional suture group were transfused. Because transfusion requirements may be affected by the surgeon's bias, we compared blood loss among untransfused patients and found that the LigaSure group still had significantly lower blood loss than the conventional suture group (mean, 550.9 ± 233.1 mL vs 745.49.0 ± 230.4 mL; P < 0.01). Hemoglobin level reduction after surgery in untransfused patients was significantly lower in the LigaSure group than in the conventional suture group (mean, 2.31 ± 2.22 mg/dL vs 3.22 ± 1.11 mg/dL; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the LigaSure vessel sealing system is useful to reduce blood loss and shorten operating time at RAH.


Abstract. Present day lake water phosphorus (P) enrichment and accelerated P cycling are changes superimposed on a dynamic Holocene history of landscape recovery from glaciation, changes in climate, and long-term low-intensity human activity. Knowledge of the history of long-term P dynamics is essential for understanding present-day landscape P export and for managing both terrestrial and aquatic environments. This study is the first attempt to constrain the timing and magnitude of terrestrial changes in Holocene P dynamics across the Northern Hemisphere using lake sediment records. Here we reconstruct trajectories in terrestrial Holocene P dynamics for the Northern Hemisphere. We apply a simple process model to published lake sediment geochemical P records from 24 sites, producing records of landscape P yield and reconstructing lake water total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. Individual site trajectories of landscape P yield and lake water TP vary systematically, with differences attributable to local landscape development history. Three distinct traits are apparent. Mountain sites with minimal direct human impact show falling P supply and conform to conceptual models of natural soil development (Trait 1). Lowland sites where substantial (pre-)historic agriculture was present show progressively increasing P supply (Trait 2). Lowland sites may also show a rapid acceleration in P supply over the last few centuries, where high intensity land use, including settlements and farming, are present (Trait 3). Where data availability permitted comparison, our reconstructed TP records agree well with both monitored lake water TP data and diatom inferred TP, and our sediment inferred P yields are comparable to reported catchment export coefficients. Our reconstructions form the first systematic assessment of average terrestrial P export for the Northern Hemisphere over the Holocene and provide the empirical data needed for constraining long-term landscape P cycling models and values for terrestrial P export that could be used for ocean P cycling models. The long-term perspective provided by our sediment-inferred TP can be used to identify pre-disturbance baselines for lake water quality, information essential to target-driven lake management. We find the first detectable anthropogenic impacts on P cycling ca. 6000 BP, with more substantial impacts as early as 3000 BP. Consequently, to characterise pre-disturbance lake P conditions at Trait 2 and Trait 3 sites it is necessary to consider time periods before the arrival of early farmers. Our use of trait classifications has a predictive power for sites without sediment records, allowing prediction of TP baselines and P trajectories based on regional landscape development history.


A whole slide imaging (WSI) scanner scans pathological-specimens to produce digital images for monitor-based diagnosis and analysis. However, the image quality is sometimes insufficient due to focus-error or noise, in which case the slide needs to be rescanned. In previous work, a referenceless quality evaluation technique was proposed, but some artifacts (i.e. tissue-fold, air-bubble) were detected as false positives. Those artifacts need to be ignored in determining whether rescanning is necessary or not, because they are not caused in the scanning but slide preparation stage. This paper proposes a method for a more practical system to assess WSI quality by distinguishing the origins of quality degradation; the focus-error or noise caused by the scanner and the artifact occurred in the slide preparation. In the method, a support vector machine detects artifacts first, and then quality is evaluated excluding artifact regions. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been experimentally demonstrated.


Duplication of the gastrointestinal tract is a congenital disorder that can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and present with a variety of abdominal symptoms. This congenital disorder is usually discovered during early childhood and is relatively rarely found in adults. Strangulated intestinal duplication has seldom been reported, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. An adult patient with strangulation of duplicated intestine who presented with an acute abdomen is reported along with a discussion of the relevant literature. A 33-year-old man developed colicky pain after eating lunch. Later that night, he had severe abdominal pain and vomiting, and he was evaluated in an emergency department. Abdominal contrast CT at the time of arrival showed dilated small bowel in the lower abdominal midline with proximal intestinal strangulation. The patient was diagnosed with strangulation ileus, and an urgent laparotomy was performed. At 210 cm from the ligament of Treitz, normal intestine crossed the duplicated intestine, and at this branch point, there was clockwise rotation of 720° with ischemia. A partial small bowel resection, includ-ing the intestinal duplication, was performed. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative course and was discharged 4 days after surgery.


The nonlinear temperature dependences of lower critical field and of the inverse square of the London penetration depth are predicted for a superconducting superlattice. The conditions for this effect to be detectable are discussed.


Abstract Objective To assess the potential contribution of foods fortified with folic acid (FA) to target population intakes when included as part of a healthy breakfast. Design Breakfast models aligned with the Spanish Dietary Guidelines were studied using the recommended, average and 95th percentile of serving sizes consumed by women of childbearing age. Food composition data were obtained from a database including FA analytical data from sixty-eight products and the Spanish food composition tables. Different scenarios were assessed with the inclusion of one, two or three FA-fortified products and with two different fortification levels: ≤33 µg/serving (L1) and ≥70 µg/serving (L4). FA contents provided by the different models for each scenario were compared with the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for folate and the Upper Level (UL) of intake for FA. Setting Madrid Region, Spain. Subjects Women aged 16–49 years were considered. Results Overall, simulation of ten breakfast models and three scenarios of product inclusion accounted for 20–25 % of total daily energy recommendations for women. Unfortified breakfast models provided on average 4–23 % of the folate RNI. Inclusion of one L4 FA-fortified food contributed 20–60 % of the RNI. Fortified yoghurt and milk had the highest FA contents per serving. Scenarios with two or three fortified products delivered 40–80 % of the RNI. None of the evaluated models exceeded the FA UL. Conclusions At existing levels of FA fortification, inclusion of fortified products as part of a regular breakfast meal could positively impact the nutritional quality of women's diet without involving a risk of excessive FA exposure.


The decline of stroke mortality rates has been described in Brazil; however, there is no data about stroke subtypes. We described the changes of stroke mortality rates in the city of Sao Paulo (1996-2003) emphasizing intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. We categorized mortality data by gender and 10-year age-strata from 30 to 79 years-old. For men, an annual reduction of all types of stroke (-3.9%), and of stroke subtypes as intracerebral hemorrhage (-3.0%) and cerebral infarction was observed (-2.7%) as well as, a decline of ill-defined stroke (-7.4%). For women, a decline was observed for all types of stroke (-3.3%) and for ill-defined stroke (-12%). However, the switch of ill-defined cases to stroke subtype categories due to a better clinical diagnosis blurred a real decline of both cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke among women.


A system of amber mutants has been developed for each of the T-even phages T2, T6, and RB69. In T2 these mutants identify 53 genes, of which 46 are homologous with T4 genes. The order of genes in the T2 map is virtually identical to that of T4, and recombination in T2 strongly resembles that in T4.

In T6 the mutants identify 42 genes, of which 34 are homologous to T4 genes and 3 are homologous to T2 genes not yet identified in T4. The few T6 gene orders which have been determined are the same as in T2 and T4, and T6 recombination resembles that of T2 and T4.

RB69 is judged to be a member of the T-even phage species by its serological properties, its particle morphology, and various physical parameters of the RB69 particle and its contained DNA. RB69 mutants identify 37 genes, and their phenotypes are the same as those of T4 mutants. Recombination in RB69 strongly resembles that in T2 and T4, and the distribution of mutant phenotypes around the RB69 map is very much like that of T4.

T2, T4, and T6 differ most noticeably in the tail fiber region. Genes 37 and 38 are a unique example of a pair of coadapted genes; T2-T6 combinations of the products of these genes are compatible, whereas T2-T4 and T4-T6 combinations are not. The host range differences between the phages are determined by gene 38. Genes 34 and 35 are genetically much smaller in T2 and T6 than in T4, but there is considerable homology between T2 gene 34 and T4 gene 34. The degree of homology between T2 and T4 decreases from gene 34 to gene 38.

In T2-T4 mixed infections T4 excludes T2 by acting against localized exclusion sensitivity determinants near early genes in the T2 genome. This action prevents the T2 genome from participating in the formation of the replicating structure, and it prevents the determinants from appearing among the progeny, but it does not prevent T2 genes from functioning. Markers from the T2 genome appear among the progeny by recombination away from these determinants. The specificity of the T4 action is not controlled by any known T4 gene, nor does it depend on differences between T2 and T4 in DNA glucosylation.

The T4-T6 mixed infection is characterized by a depressor effect, and T4 excludes T6 strongly. T6 excludes T2 weakly, and RB69 excludes T2, T4, and T6 very strongly. T4 excludes thirty other newly-isolated T-even phages fairly strongly. A general model has been developed to account for all of these cases of exclusion, and it also accounts for cases of partial exclusion in the T5 and T3-T7 phage species.

From the relationships among the T-even phages and their interactions in mixed infections, an attempt is made to reconstruct the evolution of exclusion as a bacteriophage isolating mechanism. Analogies between exclusion and host-controlled modification as a bacterial isolating mechanism are discussed.


Various studies have argued and concluded that the most effective method of promotingend-user computing (EUC) in an organization consists of providing extensive end-user support. This paper describes the development of an instrument to measure EUC support A search of the EUC literature was conducted to identify items to include in the instrument. Theinstrument was validated by administering it in the form of a questionnaire to end-users in more man a hundred information centers across the United States. A factor analysis conducted on the data obtained from this survey yielded 12 factors of EUC support. Three factors were subsequently dropped from the instrument. The remaining factors were successfully tested for internal consistency. The instrument was tested for, and found to possess, convergent and discriminant validity. The instrument exhibited nomological validity. The resulting instrument, consisting of 42 items and 9 factors, is presented as a reliable, valid, and useful device for assessing the level of EUC support.


Child is a gift from God Almighty, who inherent in dignity and dignity as a whole person. Children also have human rights recognized by the nation-states in the world. Children's rights are marked by the guarantee of protection and fulfillment of the Rights of the Child in the 1945 Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia and several provisions of laws and regulations both national and international. This guarantee is upheld through the ratification of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child, namely the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child through Presidential Decree No. 36/1990 on the Ratification of Convention On The Rights Of The Child. In the case that the authors found that there was an adoption of a child who could not be made due to Government Regulation No. 54 of 2007 article 3, paragraph 2 stating that in the case of the origin of the child is unknown, the child's religion is in accordance with the religion of the majority of the local population. With this case, according to the author means there has been discrimination against prospective parents who have good intentions to appoint children because of the constraints of religious differences between parents and prospective children. Whereas in the course of the child is also possible to choose a different religion with the parents' religion. Directly this Government Regulation is contrary to the principle of Non-Discrimination adopted by the Convention on the Rights of the Child


ABSTRACT This research entitled "Penggunaan Bahasa dalam Mengekspresikan Emosi Kegembiraan dalam Film Twilight Saga Oleh Stephenie Meyer". Emotion associated with the feeling experienced by someone. Emotion emerged in a person who often disclosed with various expressions such as sad, happiness, angry, and love. Emotion that is given to certain feelings affect how to act. This is caused by the emotion which is the dominant factor affecting a person's act. Emotions are essentially a form of communication one. When someone in emotional, it means he is trying to convey the message to others. Based on this background, the writer is able to formulate the problem are what kind of gestures and languages people used in expressing happiness in the film Twilight Saga. The objectives of this research are to identify, analyze, and describe the gestures and languages used when people express happiness in the film Twilight Saga . This research was taken in the film Twilight Saga which consists in five part, they are Twilight,New moon,Eclipse, BreakingDawn Part 1, and Breaking Dawn Part 2. The researcher uses qualitative approach in order to find out the gestures and languages when people used in express their happiness. There are three steps that the writer do, they are preparation, collecting data, and analyzing data. The results of this research show that there are some expressions that could be found in expressing the feeling of happiness followed by the posture and gesture support Digagunarsa et al., theory about emosional expression. Keyword: Language, Happiness, Posture, Gesture, Twilight Saga


Assessment of the timing of electrical activation recorded by multiple electrodes positioned in various locations within the heart has been the conventional method for mapping cardiac arrhythmias. This technique requires fluoroscopy for catheter manipulation, which in addition to being harmful (ionizing radiation), is inadequate for visualizing the complex three-dimensional cardiac anatomy and lacks reproducibility regarding localization of sites of interest. Because of these limitations, several new mapping systems that can function in a complimentary role to the conventional mapping technique, or can be used independently, have been developed. These new mapping strategies have unique advantages. They overcome the limitations of fluoroscopy by creating accurate three-dimensional intracardiac maps. The ability to localize and accurately display intracardiac catheter positioning and ablation lesion sites facilitate increasingly complex catheter ablation procedures.


The cardiac filling and ejection properties of seven normal human subjects were examined during microgravity created on a National Aeronautics and Space Administration aircraft during parabolic flight. Doppler echocardiography was used to measure intracardiac velocities in sitting and supine subjects during three phases of flight: hypergravity (phase I), early microgravity (phase III), and late microgravity (phase IV). Heart rate declined 6% (P < 0.001) and right ventricular inflow velocities rose (46%, early; 26%, mean; P < 0.01) between phase I and phases III or IV in the sitting position only. Peak left ventricular outflow velocities rose 12% and inflow velocities rose (13%, early; 20%, mean) between phases I and IV while subjects were in the supine position (P < 0.05). A 14% rise in early velocities alone was seen between phases I and IV while subjects were in the sitting position (P < 0.05). In subjects entering microgravity while sitting, right heart chambers can accept additional venous return. When microgravity was entered while subjects were supine, however, venous augmentation was not observed. Left heart filling was more prominently enhanced when microgravity was entered while subjects were supine, suggesting a shift of fluid within the pulmonary vasculature.


The purpose of this paper is threefold. Firstly, although there have been many articles and books describ- ing the nature of Action Research there are few examples of doing it in practice. We describe how a Research Oriented Action Research programme unfolded over many years focussing on the operationali- sation of theory alongside the development of a soft-OR methodology. An outcome of this programme was the refinement of an Action Research method. Secondly, we present the development of an un- derstanding of emergent strategy – a 'theory' that attracted both the researchers and managers in a number of organisations as one that could enhance the development of a soft-OR method and aid the process of strategy making. In doing so we demonstrate how research can be both rigorous and relevant. We also developed our understanding of emergent strategy in a manner that enables it to be used in practice. And thirdly, we show how the soft-OR method of Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) methodology gradually became a strategy making methodology (Journey Making). Although much has been written describing the background to these soft-OR methodologies, this paper shows how and why they developed. We illustrate how relevant theory from a range of disciplines can inform prac- tice, and how the process of implementing theory into method develops theory.


Bed load measurements during low flow in a desert gravel-bed stream, LasVegasWash, were used to evaluate fractional bed load transport equations. Since the stream is an urban perennial channel that conveys primarily treated waste effluent, bed load transport is limited by the supply of transportable bed material. The Parker, Wilcock and Crowe, and Wu et al. surface-based fractional bed load transport equations were evaluated against the field data. The ratio between the calculated and measured bed load transport rate (C/O) as well as the data correlation coefficient with respect to each formula were calculated to judge the applicability of these equations to this field data set. Comparisons showed that both the Parker and Wu et al. equations satisfactorily predicted the transport rate, while theWilcock and Crowe equation has a larger scatter. The apparent success of Parker and Wu et al. equations can be attributed to two factors: a hiding function based on physical mechanism of the particle hiding and exposure, and the empirical coefficients calibrated using field data sources. The study results indicate that these two fractional bed load transport equations derived for perennial streams in wet regions are applicable to the field data collected at this arid region channel


Melzak's Conjecture seeks the polyhedron with minimal perimeter for a given volume. In studying this problem, the first approach may be to compare different polyhedra with a unit volume. However, the wide array of volume formulas for polyhedra make a unit volume computationally cumbersome. Instead, a more efficient approach is to consider the ratio of edge length to volume: P 3 V . In this manner, one may assign the edge length or volume to conveniently fit the situation. This paper summarizes previous work on the problem and presents some experimental observations from recent research. Much work is presented on ideas centered around prisms and their properties, and ideas for future consideration are explained, offering contributions to the ongoing study of Melzak's Conjecture. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Dr. Debra Mimbs and Dr. Laura Singletary of Lee University for mentoring us while we conducted this research. We would also like to thank our peers, Amanda Akin and Nick Baker for their contributions to this project. Finally, we would like to extend our gratitude to Lee University for their continued support of this research. RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 18, No. 2 Page 35


A computer vision system is presented for shape synthesis and recognition of three-dimensional objects using an attributed hypergraph representation. The vision system is capable of: (1) constructing an attributed hypergraph representation (AHR) based on the information extracted from an image with range data; (2) synthesizing several AHRs obtained from various views of an object to form a complete AHR of the object; and (3) recognizing any view of an object of finding the graph monomorphism between the AHR of that view and the complete AHR of a prototype object. This system is implemented on a Grinnell imaging system driven by a VAX 11/750 running VMS. >


OBJECTIVE
Hypertension is a chronic asymptomatic disease, often goes unnoticed for decades before it presents to the medical fraternity with devastating consequences. Low patient adherence is amenable for modification for better control of hypertension, if factors contributing to it are understood. Study was undertaken with the aims of assessing the factors responsible and their relative contributions toward nonadherence among hypertensives.

DESIGN AND METHOD
We conducted a prospective observational study from August 2013 to August 2014. We included those, who attended the medicine outpatient department with a diagnosis of essential hypertension of more than 1 year duration.

RESULTS
A total of 516 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 132 (25.58%) were nonadherent. Marital status (P = 0.017), socioeconomic status (P = 0.000), level of education (P = 0.034), such as, illiteracy was associated with highest level of nonadherence compared with those with pre-matric and undergraduate education, whereas those with post graduate level of education showed absolute adherence to drugs and domiciliary status (P = 0.045) had statistically significant association with nonadherence. Other factors like younger age and male sex were associated with a higher degree of nonadherence; however statistical significance could not be obtained.

CONCLUSIONS
As the reasons for nonadherence are multifactorial, multi-disciplinary approach is needed to tackle this problem. This can be done by better patient health care provider communication, educating the patient regarding the need for drug adherence and probably deleterious consequences of nonadherence and providing the drugs at subsidized rates.


OBJECTIVE
Acute limb ischemia is a common clinical manifestation of embolism or thrombosis, which can lead to amputation. Increasing evidence suggests that various biomarkers can predict amputation at the time of admission. Identifying an easily obtainable and inexpensive indicator has always been a major objective. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the admission monocyte count to the HDL-C ratio for a lower extremity amputation in patients undergoing embolectomy for acute limb ischemia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This retrospective, single-center study included 269 patients who underwent an emergent embolectomy. The study population was divided into two groups according to early amputation: the non-amputation group (n = 220) and the amputation group (n = 49). Two groups were compared based on various data.

RESULTS
According to the multivariate regression analysis, patients with a higher CRP and MHR have a significantly higher amputation rate (HR: 1.148; CI: 1.075-1.225; p < 0.001 and HR: 1.547; CI: 1.003-2.387; p = 0.04, respectively). Patients with arterial back bleeding have a significantly lower amputation rate (HR: 0.106; CI: 0.02-0.558; p = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated that preoperative CRP, MHR, and no arterial back bleeding after surgery were found to be independent predictors of amputation as a poor prognostic factor within 30 days after an embolectomy.


OBJECTIVE
When treating lung cancer, pneumocystic pneumonia is a life-threatening complication seen during chemotherapy. Polymerase chain reaction is used to detect its cause, Pneumocystis jirovecii, but polymerase chain reaction positives without pneumocystic pneumonia are sometimes seen. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of pneumocystic pneumonia during cancer treatment.

METHODS
Fifty induced sputum specimens and 4 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens collected from 50 patients with acute respiratory symptoms during anticancer therapy were retrospectively studied after classifying the patients into lung cancer (n = 29) and solid tumor (n = 21) groups. All of the patients in both groups had an interstitial shadow suspected of being pneumocystic pneumonia, and all had polymerase chain reaction tests.

RESULTS
Eleven of the 54 specimens were polymerase chain reaction positive, and 1 patient was clinically diagnosed with pneumocystic pneumonia. The incidence of polymerase chain reaction positivity in the lung cancer group was significantly higher than in the solid tumor group (31 vs. 5%; P = 0.03), and the incidence of subclinical pneumocystic pneumonia (29 vs. 5%; P = 0.059) also tended to be higher in that group. There were no significant biochemical differences between the two groups, irrespective of the polymerase chain reaction results. Among polymerase chain reaction-positive patients in the lung cancer group, the cumulative dose of corticosteroid administration tended to be higher than among the polymerase chain reaction-negative patients (P = 0.09). Following the polymerase chain reaction tests, nearly all polymerase chain reaction-positive patients without pneumocystic pneumonia received antipneumocystic agents, and none developed pneumocystic pneumonia.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest polymerase chain reaction positivity for P. jirovecii will be detected in a fraction of lung cancer patients. Although it is difficult to predict the need for administration of pneumocystic pneumonia treatment to subclinical pneumocystic pneumonia based on polymerase chain reaction and biochemical results, polymerase chain reaction-positive patients should be followed-up with antipneumocystic agents to ensure they are not at an early stage of pneumocystic pneumonia.


BACKGROUND
Non-surgical artificial insemination techniques for sheep may benefit from larger numbers of sperm in the insemination dose because the ewe cervix is convoluted and often cannot be traversed with an insemination gun resulting in deposition of the sperm at the os cervix.

OBJECTIVE
To compare a range of sperm concentrations when cryopreserving semen from Santa Ines rams and determine the effects of this on post-thaw quality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One ejaculate from each ram (n = 10) was diluted to four sperm concentrations to obtain the following groups: G-400, G-800, G-1200, and G-1600 x 106 sperm/mL. The semen samples were packaged in 0.25 mL straws, cooled to 5 degree C, cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen vapor, thawed in a water bath (40 degree C per 20 s), and were analyzed for computerized kinetics, capacitation and acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity of sperm.

RESULTS
The G-400 treatment resulted in samples with the highest linearity and progressive motion (P < 0.05) and had significantly greater plasma membrane integrity, and lower capacitation and acrosome reaction rates compared to G-1600 (P < 0.05). Overall, use of the G-400 treatment resulted in better kinetics, less plasma membrane damage and less early capacitation. However, despite reducing the ejaculate yield and increasing the costs of the semen freezing process, the G-800 and G-1200 treatments make a greater absolute number of sperm with good kinetics, plasma membrane integrity and capacitation status available.

CONCLUSION
Ram sperm concentration impacts cryopreservation, and higher concentrations may be advantageous if a single artificial insemination protocol is desirable. doi.org/10.54680/fr22610110812.


DNA sensors and microarrays permit fast, simple, and real-time detection of nucleic acids through the design and use of increasingly sensitive, selective, and robust molecular probes. Specifically, molecular beacons (MBs) have been employed for this purpose; however, their potential in the development of solid-surface-based biosensors has not been fully realized. This is mainly a consequence of the beacon's poor stability because of the hairpin structure once immobilized onto a solid surface, commonly resulting in a low signal enhancement. Here, we report the design of a new MB that overcomes some of the limitations of MBs for surface immobilization. Essentially, this new design adds locked nucleic acid bases (LNAs) to the beacon structure, resulting in a LNA molecular beacon (LMB) with robust stability after surface immobilization. To test the efficacy of LMBs against that of regular molecular beacons (RMBs), the properties of selectivity, sensitivity, thermal stability, hybridization kinetics, and robustness for the detection of target sequences were compared and evaluated. A 25-fold enhancement was achieved for the LMB on surface with detection limits reaching the low nanomolar range. In addition, the LMB-based biosensor was shown to possess better stability, reproducibility, selectivity, and robustness when compared to the RMB. Therefore, as an alternative to conventional DNA and as a prospective tool for use in both DNA microarrays and biosensors, these results demonstrate the potential of the locked nucleic acid bases for nucleic acid design for surface immobilization.


We demonstrate recording and retrieval of the digital document with a nearly unlimited lifetime. The recording process of multiplexed digital data was implemented by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of fused quartz. The storage allows unprecedented parameters including hundreds of terabytes per disc data capacity, thermal stability up to 1000 °C, and virtually unlimited lifetime at room temperature. We anticipate that this demonstration will open a new era of eternal data archiving.


Event logs hold valuable information about the health of business processes. In order to access this information, raw data must be transformed to a comprehensible format. Process mining tools use various diagrams to support visual exploration of process logs. Designing such diagrams is not an easy task because oftentimes neither the developer nor user know where interesting or intriguing information lays. Therefore, the diagrams require thoughtful designs that on the one hand allow flexible exploration, and on the other hand, are simple and intuitive to use for analysts as well as non-experts. This work takes a look into existing solutions of process mining visualizations and the design decisions the visualizations are based on. A framework is proposed to simplify and improve the design process for process mining diagrams. It is based on data visualization theory as well as visualization practices in process mining. The effectiveness of the framework is tested in a case study.


Abstract. Drought is a major factor limiting plant growth causing yield reduction in crops; hence the characterisation of drought tolerance and the development of drought-tolerant crop varieties have been a goal of many crop breeding programs. Using the proteomics approach, we compared the differential protein abundance of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean leaves subjected to mild or severe drought stress. Proteins were extracted and separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Those protein spots with significant and more than 2-fold difference in abundance, 174 in total, were further analysed and 102 proteins were positively identified. Around 38.5% of these proteins were related to energy metabolism and photosynthetic functions, followed by those associated with defence response (36.4%) and protein metabolism (25.2%). Severe drought resulted in a greater number of proteins with differential abundance. Genotypes responded differently to drought stress with the tolerant genotype showing a higher capacity for reactive oxygen species scavenging and maintaining energy supply than the sensitive genotype. The sensitive genotype had a greater number of proteins with significant differential abundance than the tolerant genotypes due to drought. The different patterns in protein abundance induced by drought stress may potentially be utilised to screen and select candidate soybean lines with improved drought tolerance.


Sexual violence is often associated with the concept of community morality which is still a problem, both in the private sphere and in the public sphere. This research discusses abaout policy implementation of prevention sexual violence against women, as well as the implications of sexual violence for gender studies in Indonesia. The spesific targers of this research are the policies implementated by The Ministry Female Empowerment and Child Protection regarding cases of sexual violence and obstacles in achieving these policies. Than how the process and progress. In addition, it also produces policy recomendations formulated in the form of a policy paper on the prevention of sexual violence, especially against women. This reseach method uses descriptive qualitative methods that is library research. The Ministry Female Empowerment and Child Protection preventive efforts are to form programs and policies, where the community can change their mindset about the existence of a patriarchal culture. In accordance with gender studies in Indonesia that sexual violence is a form of gender based violence, so there is a need for efforts to handling with the problem of sexual violence. With the cooperation of various parties including the goverment and police, it is hoped that the high rate of sexual violence can be minimixed.
Keywords: Sexual violence; community morality; policy implementation; gender studies


Cystic mass lesions in the suprasellar cistern are often associated with neurological deficits, cognitive disorders, and endocrinological impairments. Many surgical approaches are available to treat these mass lesions, but are technically difficult and cannot remove the lesion completely without risking damage to neurological and endocrinological functions due to the proximity to the surrounding structures. Neuroendoscopic transventricular surgery was performed using a ventricular fiberscope for three patients with craniopharyngiomas and two patients with Rathke cleft cysts, with gamma knife radiosurgery for craniopharyngiomas. The endoscopic transventricular approach is safe and minimally invasive for congenital benign suprasellar cystic lesions, especially arachnoid cysts.


Summary: This study is a report of the first 200 diagnostic hysteroscopic procedures undertaken on 191 patients, in the Gynaecological Outpatient Department of a busy general hospital. One hundred and sixty examinations were conducted successfully. The study demonstrated that outpatient hysteroscopy is valuable to the patient by avoiding hospitalization and general anaesthesia, valuable to the nursing and medical staff by increasing job satisfaction and valuable to the hospital by reducing expensive inpatient costs. The potential reduction to the Australian national health budget, by the adoption of outpatient hysteroscopy instead of inpatient dilatation of the cervix and curettage, is calculated to be in excess of $60,000,000 per annum.


Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) in a cold-desert ecosystem used man-made ponds for watering, feeding, gritting, loafing, and courting. Diurnal pond use by doves peaked in the morning and evening. Monthly dove use of ponds fluctuated slightly during the summers of 1984 and 1985. Pond size, pH, and shoreline characteristics had little association with the intensity of pond use by doves; but geographic isolation of ponds was weakly associated had pond-use intensity. The number of doves present at the beginning of the one-hour period was a poor indicator of the number of arrivals during that period. We conclude that man-made water sources are important in areas where water availability may limit mourning dove productivity and abundance. It is suggested that mourning dove arrival rates could be used as a population index in cold-desert areas.


Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is a rare pathology with very few documented case reports available in the literature. In addition, ACJ septic arthritis secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a rarer pathology with only two previously documented case reports in the medical literature to our knowledge. We present the case of a 46-year-old man who was diagnosed with a confirmed ACJ septic arthritis secondary to MRSA following admission to the local trauma and orthopaedic service at a district general hospital. We aim to give an insight into this pathology and highlight the importance of the relationship between orthopaedics and microbiology in optimising patient care, particularly in a period of rising rates of antimicrobial resistance.


By means of both the variational method and the pocket-state formalism the energy levels of three coupled methyl or ammine groups are calculated for a wide range of potential parameters. In particular the case of a small one-particle potential is investigated where the energy spectrum is governed by the Ea-Eb splitting. The effects of different symmetries of the Hamiltonian on the spectrum are studied.


This article provides a close reading of Orly Castel-Blum's story "Ummi fi shurl." The analysis situates Castel-Blum's work within the context of feminist and postmodernist criticism and argues for the ultimate irreducibility of Castel-Blum's work to any singular theoretical lens.


Shortened product life cycles result in increasing number of obsolete products, with adverse environmental impact. Manufacturers are facing increasing pressures from consumers and government regulators to become environmentally responsible, and have begun to setup networks to implement product recovery. This paper proposes an approach to design reverse logistics network for discrete product recovery, considering multiple objective functions (maximising net revenue and minimising environmental impact), multi-period planning horizon and uncertainty. The approach makes use of both optimisation and simulation models: mixed integer programming (MIP) to model the multi-objective, multi-period problem of network design, and simulation to handle uncertainty. Spanning-tree based genetic algorithms are utilised to find non-dominated solutions for the multi-objective model, and preferred non-dominated solutions are re-evaluated under several scenarios of uncertainty to determine the best-preferred network design. The approach is applied to a case study of part recovery implementation at a computer manufacturer.


Initiation and progression of several diseases by post-translational histone modifications are considered a worldwide problem. Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), which belongs to the histone-lysine N-methyl transferase (HKMT) family, has been emphasised as a promising target for cancer therapy. It is a major challenge for the scientific community to find novel approaches to treating this disease. In this study, a series of 51 derivatives of the benzofuran and indole families, previously experimentally evaluated against HKMT, was used to develop the best model with promising anticancer activity. The multiple linear regression (MLR) method, implemented in QSARINS software, was used with a genetic algorithm for variable selection. According to QSARINS, the model with two descriptors (minHBint4 and Wlambdal.unity) was found to be the best and its parameters fit well, and its validation was well established. The applicability domain was also validated for this model. Furthermore, its robustness (R2 = 0.9328), stability (Q2LOO = 0.9212, Q2LMO = 0.9187), and good predictive power (R2ext = 0.929) were also verified. Hence, this model was assumed to have predictive HKMT anticancer activity for designing active compounds. Molecular docking was also performed to identify binding interactions, and new molecules with better predicted biological activity (pIC50) were designed. The binding energy of the three designed compounds demonstrated higher binding activity at the target receptor, followed by complex stability, determined by a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation. Density functional theory (DFT) and pharmacokinetic analyses also confirmed their drug-like properties. Finally, it can be declared that the proposed tools allow rapid and economical identification of potential anti-HKMT drugs (anticancer drugs) for further development.


The grain structure and interatomic distances in annealed Hf2Fe, as well as in nonannealed and annealed Hf2Co polycrystalline isostructural phases, with unit cells of the Ti2Ni type, are studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in air. In contrast to x-ray powder diffraction data, refined according to the Rietveld profile method, STM measurements show discrepancies between compounds, caused by the peculiarities of their electronic structure. The results obtained give better insight into the extensive electric field gradient measurements performed in this class of compounds, which could not be properly explained by the existing crystallographic data alone.


This document is a very brief summary of a larger paper and presentation. It is not possible to discuss the issues presented two pages, so we will restrict ourselves to providing an annotated outline of the topics here, and invite you to download the larger document. More information about the hypertextbook Visual Design for Instructional Multimedia, including previews of most sections of the book, is available from http://members.home.net:80/m4.multimedia/. A complete version of the paper, presented earlier this year, is available for downloading as a PDF file [190 KB] from www.extension.usask.ca/Papers/Misanchuk/EDMEDIA99/EDMEDIA99paper.pdf. Large-scale hypertext implementations designed to provide information are common enough (especially as websites); however, large-scale instructional equivalents are, at this juncture, more rare. The complete paper and presentation include the following: • Description of the design and development of a CD-ROM-based hypertextbook, entitled Visual Design for Instructional Multimedia, which consists of more than 3,100 HTML, JPEG, GIF, and MOV files • Morphology of the project through several stages, highlighting issues arising from developing the product with HTML rather than with a more hospitable authoring program • Description of a number of things we learned from the "school of hard knocks"—some profound, some mundane—in the hope that by sensitizing you to some of the problems we encountered and decisions we made (and sometimes re-made), we can help you avoid some of the pitfalls we encountered.


A total of 178 patients with pathologies in the lacrimal apparatus (including 81 patients with dacryocystitis, 51 patients with imperforation of the lacrimal canals' opening and 46 patients with dacryostenosis) were investigated. Crystallographic examination (CGE) of the lacrimal fluid was made for both eyes before and after surgery. 32 virtually healthy persons made up the control group. Normal types were defined and an operational scheme, which ensured the detection of 4 main types of crystals typical of the discussed pathologies, was elaborated. CGE was found to enable a reliable detection of relapses' threat, which can be a criterion in choosing the time for removing the intubation tube after canaliculardacryocystorhinostomy (CDCT) and an extra source of information in specifying a stage of dacryostenosis. CGE provides for determining indirectly the presence of an allergic or inflammatory component in the disease course. Finally, CGE is a simple and sufficiently informative method, which can turn into an additional tool in the diagnosis, differential diagnostics and evaluation of the efficiency of conducted therapy and in forecasting a clinical disease course in the lacrimal apparatus.


A multi-component Advanced Process Control (APC) system has been developed and deployed for an Applied Materials vapor phase epitaxy tool at Fairchild Semiconductor. The system, which is fully automated, operates on a SEMI APC framework compliant platform, supports the plug-and-play of multiple APC applications ("plug-ins"), and has configurable control rules that allow the user to specify not only how each APC application will be utilized, but also how the APC applications will interact in a complementary fashion. The current system contains real-time data visualization, run-to-run control (R2R), and fault detection and classification (FDC) plug-ins. The data visualization component is currently being utilized for real-time visual monitoring of aspects of equipment health. The R2R component includes a multivariate algorithm and is being used to provide multi-zone control of deposition thickness and resistivity. The FDC component will gather the in-process data from the tool to automatically determine equipment health and classify faults in order to reduce mean time to repair. In this paper, the methodology used to deploy and configure this APC system is described. Data is provided illustrating the use of each of these APC capabilities individually and in complementary fashion. Data analysis is included that focuses on the benefits of utilizing these capabilities, benefits such as improved equipment reliability, improved overall equipment effectiveness and yield. The paper also includes a discussion of the benefits and issues associated with the complementary utilization of multiple APC components in an open architecture framework.


We have extended the theory of layered superconductors to describe superlattices in which layers of superconducting material consisting of M unit cells are separated by insulating layers that are N unit cells thick. An intercell pairing interaction is identified which controls the variation of Tc with M and N, and raises Tc from low to high temperatures. The M-dependence is traced back to a finite-size effect corresponding to crossover from nearly two- to three-dimensional behaviour.