The Application Controller Language (ACL) was designed to facilitate the development of man-machine dialogues. An exact specification of such a dialogue before programming begins is unlikely to be implemented without many changes. Immediately a dialogue is used, the 'hands-on' experience suggests many improvements. ACL was designed to serve as a flexible tool to enable easy re-shaping of this dialogue. For this reason, ACL is structured, allows documentary comments, and may be easily edited. ACL complements MUMPS and encourages the writing of small modular MUMPS programs to carry out well-defined tasks. For this purpose, ACL serves as the 'top' of a top-down written structure, with calls to MUMPS programs being made from ACL statements. A smooth dialogue is made easier to achieve by having all ACL statements use a single I/O processor giving a uniform terminal behaviour and appearance to the display. The programmer is encouraged to call this same I/O processor from his MUMPS application programs. ACL was used extensively for the development of a data management systems for hospital critical care.


The phenomenon of volunteering reveals itself through the time a person spends for volunteering, through the duration of the volunteering, the area in which volunteering occurs, and the age group of the volunteers. Object of the study – volunteering experiences of young adults. The issue of the research is how young adults experience volunteering in the social help field. The research is phenomenological and not focusing on any foreseen objectives, oriented to the experience of the volunteers. According to phenomenological approach, research methodology was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In this article, part of the research is presented, giving deeper view on one of the super-ordinates theme, with the aim: to present change of control relation into the trust relationship with the Other in long term and full-time volunteering. In the study participated 6 research participants, 3 young men and 3 young women, 20 to 30 years old. To collect data of the research we used semi-structured interviews. Conclusions of the study, presented in this article, reveal: 1) The volunteers' experience of volunteering shows that the relationship of control in trying to fit the lives of met people into a personal imagination – what life should be like – changes through confrontation, surprise and even shock to discover authentic relationship of trust based no longer on appreciation but on intimacy and communion; 2) Hidden abilities of volunteers, new opportunities and self-disclosure are possible when a close relationship of trust is created; 3) Abandoning preconceptions about the Other and volunteering, the study participants changed the relationship of control to a relationship of trust. On that base, they began to volunteer in their environment without waiting for permission, instructions or other actions to legalize volunteering. As the relationship changed, as control shifted to a trust-based relationship with those around them, volunteers, realizing the experience, discovered the significance of volunteering, empowered by trust, and personal freedom and creativity; 4) The relativity of the study participants in volunteering was experienced dialogically, seeing the person and associating themselves with the person, and thus experiencing a constant interplay as ignorance, uncertainty, but at the same time as devotion and trust.


It has been shown that preheating the femoral stem prior to insertion minimizes interfacial porosity at the stem-cement interface. In this study, the effects of methylmethacrylate monomer temperature prior to mixing on the properties of stem-cement interface and cement polymerization were evaluated for 4 degrees C, room temperature, and 37 degrees C using a test model and cementing techniques that simulated a clinical situation. The nature and extent of interfacial porosity of stem-cement interface was quantified, the static shear strength of the stem-cement interface determined, and the time and temperature of polymerization at the cement-bone interface were measured. Compared to RT monomer, preheating monomer to 37 degrees C produced higher polymerization temperatures and greater initial interfacial shear strength with an unchanged amount of interfacial porosity. Precooling monomer to 4 degrees C produced lower polymerization temperatures and decreased initial interfacial shear strength, with the amount of interfacial porosity unchanged compared to the RT group. Although clinical techniques of preheating or precooling bone cement have some effects on the properties of the stem-cement interface and cement polymerization, they do not appear to enhance implant fixation.


Self-reported substance use and delinquent behavior were assessed yearly, 3 times beginning in the sixth or seventh grade, for a multiethnic sample of middle school students (n= 5,045). Both substance use and delinquent behavior became more prevalent across early adolescence, but only a small fraction of adolescents were using illicit substances at the end of the study. The proportion of adolescents reporting neither substance use nor delinquent behavior dropped significantly in contrast to the proportion reporting both behaviors. Co-occurring problem behaviors were associated with significantly higher mean levels of each behavior, with increasing group differences over time. In addition, more persistent copatterning of substance use and delinquency was associated with significantly higher levels of nearly every indicator of these problem behaviors at Year 3.


This study evaluates the diagnostic value of ultrasound as a first-line exam in carpal tunnel syndrome. In 16 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 32 matched controls, evaluation of the median nerve was performed by the cross-sectional area at wrist level and wrist–forearm ratio. This study found statistically significant differences between patients and controls by both methods, and both showed high specificity and positive predictive values. Optimal cut-off values were identified at a 14 mm2 cross-sectional area and a 1.6 wrist–forearm ratio. This study implies that ultrasound evaluation of the median nerve is a valuable tool as a first-line diagnostic test used by the surgeon for examination of patients with presumed carpal tunnel syndrome. Owing to the high positive predictive value of ultrasound, the need for referral to nerve conduction study may be limited.


Post-acute and long-term care (PALTC) delivery is complex, and the COVID-19 pandemic created additional complexities. This qualitative study investigates how PALTC administrators responded to the pandemic, factors that impacted their leadership role and decision-making. Participants from North Carolina (N = 15) and Pennsylvania (N = 6) were interviewed using an interview guide containing open-ended questions. The results revealed three themes: (1) critical knowledge and competencies; (2) resources, supports and essential actions taken; and (3) psychosocial impact. The findings suggest communication and relationship building were the most useful competencies. Lack of staff was a primary stress point during and after the pandemic.


A COMPARISON OF SHORT TERM OUTCOMES BETWEEN PLANTAR FASCIA SPECIFIC STRETCHING AND NONSPECIFIC PREFABRICATED FOOT ORTHOTICS IN TREATMENT OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS: A META-ANALYSIS Background: Ten percent of American adults experience plantar fasciitis in their lifetime regardless of physical activity levels or demographics. National costs from 1 million annual medical visits range form $192-$376 million dollars. Objective: To find a cost-effective-patient-compliant conservative treatment for plantar fasciitis in adults. Hypothesis: Plantar fasciitis specific stretches (PFSS) will demonstrate greater short term decreases in overall pain in treating plantar fasciitis compared to non-specific prefabricated foot orthotics (NSPFO). Study Design: Meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. Data Sources: PubMed, PEDro, and Cochrane Online Library Study Selection: Random Controlled Trials or clinical trials, medically diagnosed for plantar fasciitis, healthy adults 18 yr or older, 2-3 months follow-up periods, published in the English language from 2001 to present, and either the Foot Function Index or Foot Health Status Questionnaire outcome measures. Results: The null-hypothesis was accepted indicating NSPFO have greater short term decreases in plantar fasciitis pain than PFSS. A large combined effect size of 3.99 with heterogeneity of results (Q variance of 70.35 and p-value .05 (p=0.535)) indicate consistent effectiveness with NSPFO.


An advanced theoretical model of unsteady coupled heat and mass transfer and breakage of wet particles in two-stage drying processes is presented. The numerical simulations of drying of silica slurry droplets have shown that both temperature and mechanical stresses emerge in the wet particle during drying. It has been found that mechanical stresses play a substantial role at the beginning of the second drying stage, whereas the thermal stresses are much more considerable at the end of drying. In addition, tangential stresses in the crust of wet silica particles are predominant over the radial component (approximately five times greater). Compared to the proposed breakage criterion, the model predicts that the total stresses can be a reason for wet particle cracking/breakage and this depends on granule diameter, drying agent temperature, and size of primary particles. To prevent granule breakage at given drying conditions, the slurry droplets with primary particles as small as possible are recommended for drying.


Background The trematode Fasciola hepatica is the most widespread causative agent of fasciolosis, a parasitic disease that mainly affects humans and ruminants worldwide. During F. hepatica infection, newly excysted juveniles (FhNEJ) emerge in the duodenum of the mammalian host and migrate towards the definitive location of the parasite, the intra-hepatic biliary ducts. Understanding how F. hepatica traverses the intestinal wall and migrates towards the liver is pivotal for the development of more successful strategies against fasciolosis. The central enzyme of the mammalian fibrinolytic system is plasmin, a serine protease whose functions are exploited by a number of parasite species owing to its broad spectrum of substrates, including components of tissue extracellular matrices. The aim of the present work is to understand whether FhNEJ co-opt the functions of their host fibrinolytic system as a mechanism to facilitate trans-intestinal migration. Methodology/Principal Findings An FhNEJ tegument protein extract (FhNEJ-Teg) was obtained in vitro, and its capability to bind the zymogen plasminogen (PLG) and enhance its conversion to the active protease, plasmin, were analyzed by a combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent, chromogenic and immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, PLG-binding proteins in FhNEJ-Teg were identified by 2D electrophoresis coupled to mass-spectrometry analysis, and the interactions were validated using FhNEJ recombinant proteins. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that FhNEJ-Teg contains proteins that bind PLG and stimulate its activation to plasmin, which could facilitate the traversal of the intestinal wall by FhNEJ and contribute to the successful establishment of the parasite within its mammalian host. Altogether, our findings contribute to a better understanding of host-parasite relationships during early fasciolosis and may be exploited from a pharmacological and/or immunological perspective for the development of treatment and control strategies against this global disease. Author Summary Fasciolosis is a disease caused by parasites of the genus Fasciola, of which F. hepatica stands out as it has successfully spread all over the world and infects humans and animals throughout the entire global geography. Definitive hosts become infected by ingestion of aquatic plants or water contaminated with metacercariae, which excyst in the duodenum and release the so-called newly excysted juvenile flukes (FhNEJ). FhNEJ traverse the intestinal wall and evolve into immature parasites that migrate through the peritoneum and liver parenchyma until they reach their definitive location inside the major biliary ducts, where adult worms develop and egg shedding starts. In order to cross the intestinal wall, FhNEJ are endowed with a repertoire of proteases that degrade components of the intestinal extracellular matrix, and we hypothesized that they may also co-opt the proteolytic functions of plasmin, the central enzyme of the mammalian fibrinolytic system, to migrate more efficiently across host tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that FhNEJ express proteins on their tegument surface that interact with plasminogen, the zymogen of plasmin, and stimulate its conversion into its active form, which could potentially be used for trans-intestinal migration and contribute to the successful establishment of the parasite within its mammalian host.


Background and Aim: The incidence of maxillary canine impaction is between 1% and 3% populations. Determining whether impaction will occur and timing the treatment modalities that are affected by impacted canine(s) are paramount for a successful out come, panoramic radiograph to identify canine impaction; not only is economical but treatment result will be more desirable. The aim of this investigation was to develop a reliable method for predictors of maxillary canine impaction on a panoramic radiograph. Methods & Materials: Sixty – four panoramic radiographs of mixed dentition patients were inspected to belong to two groups of patient with impacted and not impacted canines. 88 were found with no impaction and 40 with impacted canines. For predicting canine impaction panoramic radiographs were inspected for two indices: l- The erupted lateral tooth were divided to fourfold zone from 4 to 1 sectors in mesiodistal dimension; therefore identified the unerupted permanent canines cusp tip location related to the erupted permanent lateral. 2-The internal angle between the long axis of the unerupted canine and a horizontal line between superior points of condyles was measured. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: All of not impacted teeth were found in sector I and II. (69.3% in sector I and 30.7% were placed in sector II). 17.5% of impacted teeth were in sector I, 42.5% in sector II, 27.5% in sector III and 12.5% were placed in sector IV. Furthermore the mean angle for non impacted teeth was 74.72' and for impacted teeth was 67.12'. Conclusion: The location of canine cusp tip in panoramic radiograph is the most important factor in predicting probable impaction, but often, the angle of canine is not worth .


Let A be a subset of , and let R be a set of large Fourier coefficients of the set A. The question on the structure of R is related to inverse problems of additive number theory. Properties of R were studied by Chang, Green, and this author. The present paper is concerned with new results on sets of large Fourier coefficients. In addition, examples demonstrating the definitive character of earlier results are presented. Bibliography: 27 titles.


An attempt was made to simulate carbon gasification with the aid of molecular orbital theory. A simple Huckel method was applied to calculate molecular orbitals of a large polynuclear aromatic molecule, which was employed as a model crystallite for carbon. A free valence at each carbon atom in model crystallites of varying size and shape was determined, and this value was taken as a measure of reaction probability for the Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation of carbon gasification was performed by removing the carbon atoms from the model crystallites according to their corresponding reaction probabilities. This simulation made it possible to visualize how the shape of carbon crystallite is changed during gasification. It was found that the specific gasification rate depends on molecular size, but is essentially independent of the geometry of the starting model crystallite.


Amyloid fibrils play a crucial role in many human diseases and are found to function in a range of physiological processes from bacteria to human. They have also been gaining importance in nanotechnology applications. Understanding the mechanisms behind amyloid formation can help develop strategies towards the prevention of fibrillation processes or create new technological applications. It is thus essential to observe the structures of amyloids and their self-assembly processes at the nanometer-scale resolution under physiological conditions. In this work, we used highly force-sensitive frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) to characterize the fibril structures formed by the N-terminal domain of a bacterial division protein MinE in solution. The approach enables us to investigate the fibril morphology and protofibril organization over time progression and in response to changes in ionic strength, molecular crowding, and upon association with different substrate surfaces. In addition to comparison of the fibril structure and behavior of MinE1-31 under varying conditions, the study also broadens our understanding of the versatile behavior of amyloid-substrate surface interactions.


The present paper is a part of the study on the immature stages of genus Tipula in Korea. It described and illustrated egg, each larval stage and pupa of Tipula nova. It is the first to deal the all immature stages of the species in Korea. Their taxonomic remarks and habitats are also given.


The increasing acceptance and incorporation of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMCs) as engineering construction materials have led many to look to the infrastructure as an application for these versatile materials. One such system is pultruded graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy (graphite/epoxy). Some PMC systems degrade when subjected to environmental conditions (e.g., moisture, stress, UV light, electrochemical polarization). These variables are typically studied either singularly or in series, but in real applications (e.g., aerospace, marine, infrastructure) these materials are subjected to many of these conditions simultaneously. To simulate field conditions, this study investigated the combined effects of an aqueous environment, electrochemical polarization, and applied bending stress on the durability of a pultruded graphite-epoxy composite. The findings indicate that graphite-epoxy composites cannot be assumed to be insensitive to degradation by environmental variables. Further, electrochemical polarization, as might occur with contact with a metal such as a fastener, can accelerate degradation. This damage requires the presence of moisture. Chloride and sulfate concentrations in rain are sufficient to establish an electrolyte within creviced regions, but deicing salts would overtake these as a contributor to conductivity. Further findings may be summarized as follows: Application of polarization in an aerated 0.6M NaCl environment led to breakdown of the fiber/matrix interface. The high pH environment created during the oxygen reduction reaction was necessary but not sufficient to create this breakdown, as the unpolarized specimen exposed to a pH 13 environment did not degrade. Cathodic polarization as would occur by coupling to steel or aluminum is required. Application of cathodic polarization did not significantly alter strength. Average measurements of shear strength, however, did decrease with the application of cathodic polarization for 70 and 90 days.


Mrs Owens has been married to Mr Owens for 39 years. Sadly, their relationship has broken down. Mrs Owens issued divorce proceedings against her husband in May 2015 to terminate their marriage. She listed 27 allegations of his "unreasonable behaviour" in the divorce petition including one that said that she could no longer live with him. Mr Owens took exception to the allegations and decided to take the unusual step of challenging the divorce. The judge considered the allegations and ultimately refused to grant the divorce, describing the examples as "minor altercations of a kind to be expected in a marriage".


K-barrier coverage is an important coverage model for achieving robust barrier coverage in wireless sensor networks. After initial random sensor deployment, k-barrier coverage can be achieved by moving mobile sensors to form k barriers consisting of k sensor chains crossing the region. In mobile sensor network, it is challenging to reduce the moving distances of mobile sensors to prolong the network lifetime. Existing work mostly focused on forming linear barriers, that is the final positions of sensors are on a straight line, which resulted in large redundant movements. However, the moving cost of sensors can be further reduced if nonlinear barriers are allowed, which means that sensors? final positions need not be on a straight line. In this paper, we propose two algorithms of forming non-linear k barriers energy-efficiently. The algorithms use a novel model, called horizontal virtual force model, which considers both the euclidean distance and horizontal angle between two sensors. Then we propose two barrier forming algorithms. To construct a barrier, one algorithm always chooses the mobile sensor chain with the largest horizontal virtual force and then flattens it, called sensor chain algorithm. The other chooses the mobile sensor with the largest horizontal virtual force to construct the barrier, other than the mobile sensor chain, called single sensor algorithm. Simulation results show that the algorithms significantly reduce the movements of mobile sensors compared to a linear k-barrier coverage algorithm. Besides, the sensor chain algorithm outperforms the single sensor algorithm when the sensor density becomes higher.


C. fetus ss jejuni was demonstrated in stool samples from 17 patients, among 605 studied, using the selective media of Skirrow. 13 of them were children, 11 two years' old or younger, and 4 were adult patients. The frequency of isolation of C. fetus ss jejuni in stool cultures has been greater than the isolation of Y. enterocolitica serotype 3, S. sonnei and E. coli, and has been only superated by the isolation of microorganisms belonging to the generus Salmonella.


Launched in 1956 in California�s emerging wine region, Williams- Sonoma soon moved to San Francisco because so many of its customers lived there. In 1970 the founder created a catalog to serve people around the country--and that was the beginning o f the company�s data collection and analysis. Knowing where its catalog customers lived informed decisions about where to locate its stores. As the company grew its brick-and-mortar presence, it also built up its mail-order business, acquiring a garden products catalog, the Hold Everything catalog, and Pottery Barn. In 2000 it launched fully transactional websites for its two leading brands. Today analytics infuses and enhances all areas of the business, from personalized website content for each visiting shopper to shipping and inventory management to extremely high-touch customer care centers. Williams-Sonoma comprises seven brands and has annual revenue approaching $5 billion. It accounts for 4% o f all home furnishings sales in the United States, almost half of which come through the web, making it the 21st largest online retailer in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


The purpose of this research was to investigate what effect current and proposed regulations of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 would have on independent restaurant operations in the state of Tennessee. A rule proposed in June of 1993 will expand the NLEA to include restaurant menus. The sample was identified and selected from the population of independent restaurateurs in the state of Tennessee who were members or were eligible for membership in the Tennessee Restaurant Association (TRA) and operated ten units or less. Cities with populations greater than 25,000 were used to stratify the sample due to research suggesting that consumer demand for nutritionally oriented items is greater in urban areas than in rural settings (Huss & Gilmore, 1995). Questionnaires were sent to either the owner or general manager. Analyses were performed to describe the demographic profile of the respondents; current practices regarding the provision of nutrition information; awareness, effect and knowledge of the current and proposed regulations; the potential method of compliance; and estimated compliance costs. Also five research hypotheses were investigated. A 25% response rate was realized, all returried surveys were used for data analysis. IV Seventy-eight percent of the respondents reported total food sales from items identified with nutrition information between 0% 10%. This may reflect that sales data are not monitored according to this classification. A large proportion of the sample (72%) reported that they do not use nutrition information to "promote" food items, yet over 50% of those responding negatively to this went on to indicate that one or more of the nutrition terms listed on the survey were used in the restaurant. A majority (83%) of the respondents also reported that they were not aware of the current NLEA regulations or the menu proposal prior to the survey. A corresponding proportion (87%) reported experiencing no effect from the NLEA, and exhibited a low knowledge level regarding details of the regulations (�93%). The most common sources of nutrition information to base nutrition claims on were suppliers and food labels. Information provided by the service staff was the most common location for nutrition statements. Five percent reported that they were already in compliance, 31 % indicated they would comply by either substantiating existing claims, or revising menus to include claims, 40% indicated that they would comply by not making nutrient content or health claims in their establishment, and 2% stated they would include nutrient values without making any claims. Sixty-six percent reported being unable to estimate the total costs of compliance with this legislation, while 16% estimated it would be less than $250 dollars. V The high level of negative responses regarding use of nutrition information in the sample indicate that this issue is not a great concern, or is not in great demand by the patrons of these establishments. It is further indicated that the current regulations and proposal to include restaurant menus into the Act will not have a substantial impact on the responding establishments as long as compliance can be achieved by refraining from making nutrient content or health claims. Further research is needed to determine the consumer demand for nutritionally oriented items, the staff training regarding nutrition issues, and the practice of monitoring sales according to nutrition labeling in these establishments.


In tissue level turnover of bone cells, bone remodeling shows a sequential events of activation, resorption, reversal and formation. This may be observed as secondary osteons in the cortical bone and trabecular packets in the cancellous bone. Microcracks are repaired by targeted remodeling, and calcium is released by non-targeted remodeling. In macromodeling, a macroscopic size of a bone increases with growth, without changing its basic figure. In micromodelimg, a shift of trabecula, a minishift, is biomechnically controlled. New lamellar bone is added parallel to compressive and tensile force, and bone resorption occurs at the opposite surface of formation. In minimodeling new lamellar bone is formed with a sequence of activation, then directly formation, without scalloping at the cement line between newly formed bone and its basic bone.


THz (terahertz) properties of MgF2 crystal (sample 1) and MgF2 : Co crystal (sample 2) is measured using transmission THz time domain spectroscopy in the frequency range between 0.5 and 2.5 THz. The absorption coefficients a(v) of sample 1 increases and has a maximum, 24 cm(-1) with increasing frequency v from 0.5 THz to 2.5 THz. The absorption coefficient of sample 2 is much larger than that of the sample I, and its absorption band edge of the crystal lattice shifts to lower frequency side because of the dopant Co. Moreover, there is an absorption peak at 1.9THz and the absorption coefficient is greater than 70 cm(-1), the force constant K of F- -Co2+ ionic chemical bond stretch vibration calculated from this peak is 3.40 x 10(-2) N/cm. The THz spectroscopy can be an important technique for research of chemical bond in crystal. Real dielectric functions between 0.5 and 2.5 THz of the two samples are calculated by relations between optical constants. The epsilon(1) (v) of sample 1 varies from 4.67 to 4.73 and epsilon(1) (v) of sample 2 varies from 4.62 to 5.01.


A key challenge in peer-to-peer computing system is to provide decentralized and yet reliable services on top of a network of loosely coupled, weakly connected and possibly unreliable peers. This work presents an effective dynamic passive replication scheme designed to provide reliable multicast service in peer-cast, an efficient and self-configurable peer-to-peer end system multicast (ESM) system. We first describe the design of a distributed replication scheme, which enables reliable subscription and multicast dissemination of information in an environment of inherently unreliable peers. Then we present an analytical model to discuss its fault tolerance properties, and report a set of initial experiments, showing the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often demonstrate significant educational (Zentall, 1993) and behavioral deficits (Barkley, DuPaul, & McMurray, 1990). Estimates of the prevalence of ADHD suggest that 3% to 7% of school-aged children have the disorder, which is characterized by excessive levels of motor activity, impulsivity, inattention, and an inclination to seek immediate reinforcement (Barkley, 1998; Douglas, 1985). Psychoeducational research in ADHD has generally been conducted under one of two stimulation-based paradigms. Two Models of ADHD Research Early researchers had hypothesized that hyperactivity was a result of excess environmental stimulation (Cruickshank, Bentzen, Ratzenburg, & Tannhauser, 1961; Strauss & Lehtinen, 1947). This stimulus "overflow" or overarousal model proposed that excessive behavior (i.e., hyperactivity) occurred when stimulus input surpassed processing capacity. After this critical threshold had been surpassed, behavior increased as a linear function of stimulation. This model suggested that children with ADHD have a decreased level of processing capacity and are unable to dampen stimulation as well as their peers. Although it is still widely accepted by many applied professionals, subsequent research has failed to support overarousal as a tenable theory of ADHD (for review see Zentall & Zentall, 1983). The Optimal Stimulation Model Based on the optimal stimulation theory (e.g., Leuba, 1955), a second theory posits that hyperactivity results from decreased levels of effective environmental stimulation (Zentall, 1975). According to the optimal stimulation theory, organisms work to maintain optimal levels of stimulation through instrumental activity, much like the body works to maintain homeostasis by regulating levels of heat, food, and water. Zentall suggests that individuals with ADHD require more stimulation and novelty than so-called "normal" individuals to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal in a given context. The behavior of children with ADHD can be "normalized" (a) by allowing the child to self-generate stimulation (e.g., through activity, attention directed toward novelty); (b) through the use of stimulant medication, which reduces the need for the child to self-generate stimulation; or (c) by increasing the level of task or environmental stimulation (Zentall, 1993). Studies assessing the effects of environmental stimulation on the behavior of individuals with ADHD have shown that color added to the environment or embedded within simple attentional tasks results in decreased activity levels and enhanced performance and persistence (Zentall, 1986; Zentall & Dwyer, 1989; Zentall, Falkenberg, & Smith, 1985; Zentall & Meyer, 1987; Zentall & Zentall, 1976). For example, Zentall (1986) examined the effects of within-task stimulation on an attentional task (i.e., adding color to slides on a visual continuous performance task) and found that the students with ADHD made more errors and were more active than comparisons in the low stimulation condition, whereas no differences between groups were found in the high stimulation condition. However, the location of stimulation within the task moderates the effects achieved. That is, color added to non relevant features of tasks competes with task-related stimulation (especially to new or complex tasks). This competing source of stimulation can result in decreased performance and increased inappropriate behavior (Zentall & Kruczek, 1988; Zentall, Zentall, & Booth, 1978). The results of studies examining the effects of environmental stimulation have yet to be incorporated into the development of traditional behavioral support plans for children with ADHD across types of tasks and environments (e.g., school and home). Traditional support plans, often derived from the operant paradigm, consisted of arranging consequences to either increase or decrease occurrences of a targeted behavior. …


This study investigates the effects of a China root (Smilax china L.) extract on the chemical and microbiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of the sausage stew sauce and the soft-tofu stew sauce over a 5-week storage period. Commercial sauces were obtained from the market, and samples were prepared using four different concentrations of the China root extract (0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) and stored at 5℃ and 20℃. Over the 5-week storage period, pH and salinity showed slight changes in both the sausage and soft-tofu stew sauces, but there was no significant difference (p<0.05) regardless of the extract amount and temperature. At 5 weeks, there were significant decreases in the total microbial count in groups with the China root extract (p<0.05) for both the sausage and soft-tofu stew sauces at 5℃. Over the whole storage period, no coliform, yeast, and mold were detected in any sample. S. aureus counts were not detected in 1.0% and 1.5% China root groups at 5℃, but 1.00-1.60 log CFU/g was found in the control and 0.5% groups. DPPH radical scavenging activity at 5 weeks showed an increase with an increase in the amount of the China root extract in both sauces. These results indicate that the China root extract inhibited microbial growth during storage as well as scavenging activity and thus that it can be considered to prolong the shelf life of commercial sauces.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
MuItimodality treatment improves esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis, however the most optimal treatment still remains controversial.

METHODOLOGY
In 213 ESCC patients who had operation at Kitasato University Hospital between 1996 and 2007, prognosis was evaluated in terms of cStage and adjuvant therapy.

RESULTS
Survival outcome of with the 62 cStage I ESCC were excellent (2 recurrences) with infrequent postoperative treatment (Adj). Of 129 ESCC patients with cStage II/III, 45 patients including suspicious cT4 (cT3.5) were given neoadjuvant therapy (Neo), and pStage 0/I patients showed excellent prognosis. Of 84 cStage II/III patients not given Neo, 67 (79.8%) underwent R0 esophagectomy, among whom 20 cases had pN0 (pStage II/IIa) with 3 recurrences (15%) despite infrequent Adj. On the other hand, among the 45 cStage II/III patients with Neo, 8 pStage IIa patients exhibited poor prognosis with 5 recurrences (62.5%) as well as pStage III/IV. In pStage IIb ESCC, cStage IIa showed poorer prognosis than cStage I/IIb (P = 0.0072). Among the 21 cStage IV ESCC patients, 5 long-term survivors were experienced by multimodality treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
Both cStage and Neo greatly affect ESCC prognosis irrespective of identical pStage, which must be allowed for in order to determine therapeutic strategy against ESCC.


This paper presents a flexible sliding sensor that is capable of generating signals for wireless controlling applications. The sensor is based on the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction effects. A signal processing circuit has been designed to process the alternating current (AC) signal generated by the sensor, which is exerted to control a mobile robot in real time. Three triboelectric-based sensors have been designed in different sizes and shapes. Two of them are based on a peak-detection mechanism with different control instructions formed from the varying number of peaks. The other octagonal-shaped sensor is based on an encoding method by changing the spacing between the strip electrodes. According to our experimental results, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based sensors have high recognition accuracy that is higher than 97%. The flexibility of the sensor enables it to be attached to different devices, such as mobile phones, tablets, and laptops. The TENG-based sensors themselves can generate signals without an external power supply, which has a great advantage toward the Internet of Things (IoT) applications.


Chemical alterations in DNA induced by genotoxic factors can have a complex nature such as bulky DNA adducts, interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs), and clustered DNA lesions (including double-strand breaks, DSB). Complex DNA damage (CDD) has a complex character/structure as compared to singular lesions like randomly distributed abasic sites, deaminated, alkylated, and oxidized DNA bases. CDD is thought to be critical since they are more challenging to repair than singular lesions. Although CDD naturally constitutes a relatively minor fraction of the overall DNA damage induced by free radicals, DNA cross-linking agents, and ionizing radiation, if left unrepaired, these lesions cause a number of serious consequences, such as gross chromosomal rearrangements and genome instability. If not tightly controlled, the repair of ICLs and clustered bi-stranded oxidized bases via DNA excision repair will either inhibit initial steps of repair or produce persistent chromosomal breaks and consequently be lethal for the cells. Biochemical and genetic evidences indicate that the removal of CDD requires concurrent involvement of a number of distinct DNA repair pathways including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated DNA strand break repair, base excision repair (BER), nucleotide incision repair (NIR), global genome and transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER and TC-NER, respectively), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) pathways. In this review, we describe the role of DNA glycosylase-mediated BER pathway in the removal of complex DNA lesions.


In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), bleached cellulose nanofibers (bCNFs), and unbleached cellulose nanofibers (ubCNFs) isolated by acid hydrolysis from Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul bagasse, an agro-waste from the tequila industry, were used as reinforcements in a thermoplastic starch matrix to obtain environmentally friendly materials that can substitute contaminant polymers. A robust characterization of starting materials and biocomposites was carried out. Biocomposite mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties were evaluated, as well as color, crystallinity, morphology, rugosity, lateral texture, electrical conductivity, chemical identity, solubility, and water vapor permeability. Pulp fibers and nanocelluloses were analyzed via SEM, TEM, and AFM. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased by up to 20.69% with the presence of CNCs. The solubility decreases with the presence of CNFs and CNCs. The addition of CNCs and CNFs increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus and decreased the elongation at break. Biocomposites prepared with ubCNF showed the best tensile mechanical properties due to a better adhesion with the matrix. Images of bCNF-based biocomposites demonstrated that bCNFs are good reinforcing agents as the fibers were dispersed within the starch film and embedded within the matrix. Roughness increased with CNF content and decreased with CNC content. Films with CNCs did not show bacterial growth for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This study offers a new theoretical basis since it demonstrates that different proportions of bleached or unbleached nanofibers and nanocrystals can improve the properties of starch films.


Purpose
Economists have recognized knowledge management as a promising tool regarding all aspects of the economy, including health care. The volume of biomedical literature is currently growing at an exponential rate, and the vast number of studies makes it extremely difficult for researchers to keep up with new developments in their research areas. Therefore, the efficient management of huge amounts of data and the accuracy of the knowledge thus obtained are vital concerns. Electronic health (e-health) has emerged as a useful concept to provide data for solo self-care management. Although health care is a common topic on the internet, patients rarely share their health care-related knowledge on social media. This study aims to examine the impact of knowledge on e-health.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper complies with the methodological requirements of systematic literature reviews. The present paper has investigated the newest systems and studied their practical techniques in detail. The effects of knowledge on e-health have been categorized into major groups.

Findings
The outcomes indicate that the capabilities of information and communication technology certainly promote the exchange of knowledge within clinics. The results also show that institutional architectures have significant impacts on knowledge-sharing exercises, significantly improving patient safety.

Practical implications
These findings will be essential in the understanding of the interplay among various signals in theory and in the understanding of patients' choice in the e-health community in practice. The results have implications for existing health management and e-health literature. The present paper will help policymakers, health-care executives and project managers to effectively set their operations and make them maintainable, prevent unpredicted obstacles and better allocate their resources. Overall, the results of this paper will guide researchers who are working in the field of e-health.

Originality/value
E-health attempts have mostly focused on answering questions using context-specific technical answers, regardless of the key role of knowledge resources. The present paper has provided an innovative viewpoint on how knowledge resources and knowledge-sharing initiatives may have a role in the innovative work behaviors shown by health-care employees. As noted before, there have been only a few studies regarding the effects of knowledge on health care, so the present paper contributes to the previous literature, particularly about e-health.


A guide for students studying Art or Photography at the University of South Wales. Mae'r dudalen hon hefyd ar gael yn Gymraeg


Recent works have shown that the state-feedback decoupling of capacitor voltage allows for drastic bandwidth enlarging of current controllers for grid-forming converters in islanded microgrids. Furthermore, Smith predictor and lead compensation have been also proved as very effective implementations for compensating the controller delays. These features are key to fulfill demanding requirements in terms of voltage regulation in islanded applications. This work deepens in the discrete-time domain modeling and implementation issues of the above-mentioned techniques. A full discrete-time and sensitivity analyses reveal phenomena not properly modeled in previous works, which limits the performance: the presence of high-frequency oscillations due to discrete poles with negative real part. Subsequently, proper design countermeasures (i.e., limit bandwidth) are proposed. Discrete implementation of the voltage controller is also addressed, and design guidelines are provided. Experimental tests in accordance with the high demanding standards for uninterruptible power supply systems verify the theoretical analysis.


As per the Guidelines of National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP), Government of India, new case detection (NCD) in leprosy is to be promoted by voluntary reporting through Information, Education and Communication (IEC). Accordingly, in addition to the routine IEC activities, Maharashtra Lokahita Seva Mandal (MLSM) carried out Selective Special Drive (SSD) in slum pockets in Mumbai since 2005-06. The SSD methodology prescribed under Leprosy Elimination Action Program (LEAP) of ALERT-INDIA was adopted which included selection of slum pockets, identification and training of Community Volunteers (CVs), door-to-door focused IEC through CVs using standard IEC material and referral of voluntarily reported suspected cases to nearby Health Posts under General Health Services or to Leprosy Referral Centre (LRC) established through MLSM for diagnosis and treatment. During the years, 2005-06 to 2009-10, MLSM conducted five annual SSDs in 53 slum pockets having 187,391 house-holds with the total enumerated population of 882,114 of which 563,040 (63.8%) could be covered through house-to-house IEC by 772 trained CVs/CHVs. As a result, 108 new cases (PB - 79 and MB - 29) were detected with the NCD rate ranged between 13/100,000 and 34/100,000 which is much higher than the reported NCDR in Mumbai (i.e. 6/100,000). Of the new MB cases 6 were lepromatous leprosy cases. Voluntary reporting of new cases was also found to be enhanced during the subsequent period following SSD. SSD activity encourages intensified IEC with community participation and integrates General Health Services resulting into better voluntary reporting of new cases. It is, therefore recommended that the SSD with the methodology prescribed under LEAP may be considered for incorporation in NLEP.


A patient who showed a disseminated pustular eruption compatible with pustular vasculitis and concomitant bullous lesions with the features of superficial bullous pyoderma gangrenosum during an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis is described. These clinical findings could be an expression of a common immunopathogenic mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease and the neutrophilic dermatoses. It is suggested that pustular vasculitis is another skin manifestation of ulcerative colitis.


The impact of unsteady flows research activities on flow simulation methods used in the turbine design process are assessed. Results from experimental investigations which identify the impact of periodic unsteadiness on the time-averaged flows in turbines and results from numerical simulations obtained by using three-dimensional unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes indicate that some of the unsteady flow features can be fairly accurately predicted. Flow parameters that can be modeled with existing steady CFD codes are distinguished from those that require unsteady codes.Copyright © 1990 by ASME


The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) is a software module that records wildland fuel characteristics and calculates potential fire behavior and hazard potentials based on input environmental variables. The FCCS 3.0 is housed within the Integrated Fuels Treatment Decision Support System (Joint Fire Science Program 2012). It can also be run from command line as a stand-alone calculator. The flexible design of FCCS allows users to represent the structural complexity and diversity of fuels created through natural processes (e.g., forest succession and disturbance) and management activities (e.g., forest harvesting and fuels reduction). Each fuelbed is organized into six strata, including canopy, shrubs, herbaceous vegetation, woody fuels, litter-lichen-moss, and ground fuels. Strata are further divided into categories and subcategories. Fuelbeds representing common fuel types throughout much of North America are available in the FCCS reference library. Users may select an FCCS fuelbed to represent their specific project or customize a fuelbed to reflect actual site conditions. The FCCS reports the following results: (1) fuel characteristics by fuelbed, stratum, category, and subcategory; (2) surface fire behavior (i.e., reaction intensity, rate of spread, and flame length); and (3) FCCS fire potential ratings of surface fire behavior, crown fire behavior, and available fuels. With its large fuels data set and ability to represent a wide variety of fuel conditions, the FCCS has numerous applications, from small-scale fuel reduction projects to large-scale emissions and carbon assessments. This report provides technical documentation of the required inputs and computations in the FCCS.


This paper proposes a quick method of similarity-based signal searching to detect and locate a specific audio or video signal given as a query in a stored long audio or video signal. With existing techniques, similarity-based searching may become impractical in terms of computing time in the case of searching through long-running (several-days' worth of) signals. The proposed algorithm, which is referred to as time-series active search, offers significantly faster search with sufficient accuracy. The key to the acceleration is an effective pruning algorithm introduced in the histogram matching stage. Through the pruning, the actual number of matching calculations can be reduced by 200 to 500 times compared with exhaustive search while guaranteeing exactly the same search result. Experiments show that the proposed method can correctly detect and locate a 15-s signal in a 48-h recording of TV broadcasts within 1 s, once the feature vectors are calculated and quantized. As extentions of the basic algorithm, efficient AND/OR search methods for searching for multiple query signals and a feature dithering method for coping with signal distortion are also discussed.


Flowering is an indispensable phenomenon of natural reproduction. To enter in
the reproductive phase, most plant species get critical signals from different
environmental factors which facilitate the conversion of their vegetative buds into
reproductive tissues. The major factors that influence the appearance of flowers are
moisture stress, temperature, photoperiod and irradiation. According to Bernier et al.
(1993) these factors are perceived by different plant parts. For example, leaves are
affected by photoperiod and irradiation; while temperature is perceived by all plant
parts. Similarly, vernalization affects shoot apex and moisture availability is perceived
by roots. These external determinants do not act independently and their interaction
is inevitable and a particular factor may alter or substitute the direct effect of the other
factors; and this may change the threshold level of individual factor in inducing
flowering. Since at a given point of time,these environmental factors may act on
different parts of the plant in their own way, the interaction among their gene products
(proteins) may decide the transition of the vegetative buds into reproductive buds.
Once flowering is induced in the plants, the further development of reproductive
parts leads to differentiation into male/female gametes which participate in the
natural reproduction. In this processes also, certain environmental factors play an
active role and any departure from the normal process of microsporogenesis/
megasporogenesis leads to disorders such as male or female sterility.In this chapter
the authors have not attempted a thorough review of male sterility systems of food
cops but restricted to environment-sensitive male sterility with brief description of
their origin, possible variants, maintenance and utilization in two-parent hybrid
breeding...


Surveys in Drosophila have consistently found reduced levels of DNA sequence polymorphism in genomic regions experiencing low crossing-over per physical length, while these same regions exhibit normal amounts of interspecific divergence. Here we show that for 36 loci across the genomes of eight Lycopersicon species, naturally occurring DNA polymorphism (scaled by locus-specific divergence between species) is positively correlated with the density of crossing-over per physical length. Large between-species differences in the amount of DNA sequence polymorphism reflect breeding systems: selfing species show much less within-species polymorphism than outcrossing species. The strongest association of expected heterozygosity with crossing-over is found in species with intermediate levels of average nucleotide diversity. All of these observations appear to be in qualitative agreement with the hitchhiking effects caused by the fixation of advantageous mutations and/or "background selection" against deleterious mutations.


Computing a mapping between two process models is a crucial technique, since it enables reasoning and operating across processes, like providing a similarity score between two processes, or merging different process variants to generate a consolidated process model. In this paper we present a new flexible technique for process model mapping, based on the relaxation labeling constraint satisfaction algorithm. The technique can be instantiated so that different modes are devised, depending on the context. For instance, it can be adapted to the case where one of the mapped process models is incomplete, or it can be used to ground an adaptable similarity measure between process models. The approach has been implemented inside the open platform NLP4BPM, providing a visualization of the performed mappings and computed similarity scores. The experimental results witness the flexibility and usefulness of the technique proposed.


Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is functioned as national interventions against malaria in southeastern foci of Iran and deltamethrin WP one of the insecticides have been used since past decade. In this study, the residual activity of the wettable granule (WG) was studied on different surfaces in hut scale trial against Anopheles stephensi in Iranshahr District, southeastern Iran. Methods: Three dosages of 25, 40 and 50 mg a.i./m2 of deltamethrin WG 25% formulation were applied on plaster, cement, mud, and wooden surfaces using Hudson® X-pert compression sprayer having 10 litters capacity. Results: The residual effects of deltamethrin WG 25% on different surfaces was assessed based on reduction of mortality An. stepehnsi from 100% to about 70%. At 25, 40 and 50 mg a.i./m2 the WG formulation of deltamethrin had a bioefficacy for about 2, 3 and 4 months respectively. Conclusion: There was an expectable fluctuation in mortality of An. stephensi at different sprayed surfaces as well as dosages. The proposed 50 mg/m2 WG is the longest activity for up to 4 months which needs to be applied for two spraying cycles per year at the climatically condition of southwestern Iran.


The term 'essentiality' of trace elements is interpreted. The major human diseases due to trace element deficience (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr) are briefly considered. In growing animals the first clinical deficiency symptom most often is a growth retardation. In order to diagnose a deficient situation before the manifestation of clinical symptoms, model studies with growing animals are presented to show criteria that respond sensitively even to suboptimum intake of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni). Activity measurements of enzymes and hormones are found suitable. During the phase of reproduction, which is closely associated with growth, the trace element concentration in milk may provide an additional diagnostic means. In conclusion, the problems of diagnosing the supply status are discussed. A possibility for determination of the trace element requirement is indicated.


Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have been identified that mediate a range of physiological and pathological processes, such as proliferation and tumour metastasis. PTPRK and PTPRM belong to the same subfamily of PTPs. This study aims to investigate the role of PTPRK and PTPRM in cancer development and progression.
Knockdown of PTPRK expression was performed in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Functional assays were then carried out on these cells in order to determine any changes in their biological properties. Knockdown of PTPRK significantly reduced the growth and adhesion of both PC-3 and DU-145 cells. The experimental results suggested that reduction of cell growth is potential involvement of p53 and/or caspase-3 and -8 and its up-stream molecule JNK.
The decreased expression of PTPRK and PTPRM are associated with poor prognosis and reduced survival. Knockdown of PTPRK resulted in increased adhesive and invasive abilities, and promoted cell proliferation and motility of breast cancer cells. Moreover, PTPRM knockdown resulted in elevated adhesion, invasion, and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Activation of ERK and JNK by tyrosine phosphorylation and consequent elevated MMP9 activity is involved in increased cell migration and invasion by PTPRM knockdown.
These results suggested that PTPRK and PTPRM are involved in the disease progression of prostate and breast cancer by regulating a complex network of pathways and molecules. This provides further proof of the importance of the R2B subfamily, a subgroup of PTP superfamily, in cancer. In addition, it sheds some light on the use of PTPs as prognostic indicators of disease, aiding in diagnosis and treatment. The major effect is the promotion of motility and invasiveness of cancer cells via ERK and JNK pathways. However it can also impair the apoptosis mediated by JNK pathways in certain cancer cells, such as prostate cancer cells. Such contrasting effects on survival and motility require further investigation, and should also be considered when treating cancers by targeting these molecules.


Substantive income effects are incorporated in a logit or nested-logit model by assuming that utility is a piece-wise linear spline function of residual income. Specific income data are not required, only income by category. Expected compensating variation is easily and accurately approximated by the difference between expected maximum utility in the proposed and initial state, multiplied by the inverse of the individual's initial marginal utility of money. This approximation is almost exact because although any policy can, in theory, cause an individual to jump income categories, for most policies this probability will be very small.


Description of the impugned case The present case deals with the commercial practices carried out by the optician Krys through its exclusive distribution network. Investigations have showed that…


Many important water issues such as over-allocation, stream salinity and environmental flows are influenced by the interaction between rivers and underlying aquifers. There are many indirect ways of estimating this flux (such as using hydrographs, tracers or geophysics) but the most common direct method is the use of seepage meters. Over recent decades, various modifications have been made to the basic seepage meter to address potential sources of measurement error and to handle operational issues. These aim to reduce the impact of factors such as upward advection of interstitial water (the Bernoulli effect), venturi effects of stream flow on the collection bag, anomalous short-term influx due to bag properties, gas accumulation in the chamber, frictional resistance causing head losses, ineffective seals and capture of shallow throughflow (rather than groundwater). We have attempted to incorporate these improvements in our seepage meter design and development of simple field procedures, which were trialled in two contrasting catchments (Border Rivers and Lower Richmond) in Australia. The field trials had mixed success, highlighting the potential for spurious seepage flux measurements due to these operational issues.


This paper presents a new approach for the development of data-intensive web applications that depend on sophisticated application logic. E-Commerce web sites, on-line auction systems and large enterprise web portals fall into this category as they require comprehensive data access, data processing and data manipulation capabilities. However, existing methodologies mainly concentrate on modeling content, navigation and presentation aspects of read-only web sites. In our opinion these models are not sufficient to express complex operations that access or modify web application content. Therefore, we propose an additional Operation Model defining the operation logic of a web application. We show that based on this model a significant part of a web application's Operation Layer can be generated, still allowing the manual implementation of arbitrary additional functionality. We evaluate our approach and present experimental results based on a large example application for the area of innovation management.


It is now known that eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing
is catalysed by complex molecularmachinery called the spliceosome
which consists of five U-type (snRNAs) and nearly 300supplemental
protein and non-protein snRNP groups. However, the exact mechanism
bywhich the ends and branch point of introns of nuclear pre-mRNA
are recognized andeliminated in order to produce complementary
messenger RNA (mRNA) is as yetunknown. Tackling this complex issue
is of immense importance as a number of inheritedhuman diseases
result from faults in pre-mRNA splicing.Prp8 is the largest and one
of the essential spliceosomal proteins. This protein isimplicated
in splicing reactions although its exact biological role and
structure remainlargely undefined. That said it is known that
Pre-mRNA splicing is associated withchromatin modification and that
chromatin modification can modulate spliceosomeactivity. Structural
bioinformatics analysis has been used to gain additional insights
intothe molecular structure of Prp8. From these studies it has been
concluded that the Prp8N-terminal region contains a putative
bromodomain. The bromodomain is an importantchromosomal protein
which is associated with chromatin modification, a hypothesiswhich
should lend itself to practical investigation.Recent studies have
shown that isoxazole derivatives have remarkable potency
asinhibitors for bromodomains, an observation which may be
reflected in the continuedinterest in the development of
isoxazole-based structures as ethical pharmaceuticals.The outcomes
of splicing assays indicate that isoxazole 183c shows complete
inhibitionfor in vitro pre-mRNA splicing in both yeast and human
cells at 250 μM with effectsbeginning at 100 μM. Hence, the
existence of putative bromodomain or bromodomainlikestructure in
Prp8 N-terminal region have been confirmed by
biochemicalinvestigation. This was based on a comparative
bioinformatics analysis which combinedwith X-ray crystallographic
studies of bromodomain-isoxazole interactions.The current programme
of research has investigated novel approaches to the synthesis
ofisoxazole derivatives. The use of a radical Truce-Smiles
rearrangement reaction has beeninvestigated for the synthesis of
isoxazoles containing a bi-aryl axis. An indication of therate of
these rearrangement reactions has been gained from intramolecular
andintermolecular radical trapping reactions.


To assess the production of the nonessential amino acid tyrosine in preterm infants, we estimated the activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) in three groups of infants by measuring the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, using a model based on a primed constant 200-min intravenous infusion of [2H5]phenylalanine. We determined the isotopic enrichments of [2H5]phenylalanine and [2H4]tyrosine by selected-ion-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Group 1 (n = 7, mean gestational age 29.7 +/- 1.5 wk, mean birth weight 1.4 +/- 0.4 kg) was studied during the first 4 d of life before initiation of amino acid nutrition. Group 2 (n = 7, mean gestational age 29.7 +/- 1.5 wk, mean birth weight 1.4 +/- 0.4 kg) was studied at 4-6 d of life after receiving amino acid nutrition. Group 3 (n = 4, mean gestational age 28.5 +/- 0.9 wk, mean birth weight 1.1 +/- 0.1 kg) was studied during the first 4 d of life after receiving amino acid nutrition. Calculated from the observed enrichments, phenylalanine conversion to tyrosine was 5.9 +/- 2.6, 19.4 +/- 8.8 and 11 +/- 1.8 mumol.kg-1l.h-1 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The rate of conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine increased significantly after initiation of amino acid nutrition. We conclude that preterm infants are capable of converting phenylalanine to tyrosine. Provision of phenylalanine in the context of parenteral amino acid nutrition solution accelerated PAH conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, suggesting that the enzyme system is capable of responding normally to provision of substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Abstract Objective: To describe the usefulness of the OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test (OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, PA) in cases of occupational exposure regarding its use with source-patient sera, effects on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use, potential cost savings, and effects on healthcare worker (HCW) stress reaction symptoms. Design: Before-and-after analysis. Setting: A 269-bed, tertiary-care medical center with adjacent clinics. Participants: All source-patients and HCWs experiencing an occupational exposure during the study period. Methods: Use of the OraQuick test with patient sera was validated prior to its use for occupational exposures. Exposures from January 1 through July 10, 2003 (enzyme immunoassay [EIA] group) and July 11 through December 31, 2003 (OraQuick group) were retrospectively reviewed and the use and cost of PEP was compared for each group. Randomly selected HCWs from both groups completed a survey to assess their stress reaction symptoms. Results: After exclusion, there were 71 exposures in the EIA group and 79 in the OraQuick group. OraQuick results were 100% concordant with the reference standard of EIA and Western blot using patient sera. The mean number of doses ingested per course of PEP was significantly higher for HCWs in the EIA group (3.8; range, 0 to 6) compared with the OraQuick group (1.2; range, 0 to 3; P = .016). Cost analysis revealed a mean savings of $6.62 with the OraQuick test per occupational exposure. Although the survey failed to detect an overall reduction in HCW stress reaction symptoms using OraQuick for source-patient testing, 11 HCWs in the EIA group had repetitive thoughts of the exposure compared with 5 in the OraQuick group (P= .049). Conclusion: Because of the reduction in ingested doses of unnecessary PEP and reduced cost of occupational exposure management with their use, rapid HJV-antibody tests should be the preferred method for source-patient testing following an occupational exposure.


We search for CP violation in a sample of 20 000 Cabibbo-suppressed decays, D þ ! K þ K 0 S (cid:1) þ (cid:1) (cid:1) , and 30 000 Cabibbo-favored decays, D þ s ! K þ K 0 S (cid:1) þ (cid:1) (cid:1) . We use 520 fb (cid:1) 1 of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e þ e (cid:1) collider operating at center of mass energies near 10.6 GeV. We search for CP violation in the difference between the T -odd asymmetries obtained using triple product correlations of the D þ ( D þ s ) and D (cid:1) ( D (cid:1) s ) decays, respectively. The T violation parameter values obtained are A T ð D þ Þ ¼ ð(cid:1) 12 : 0 (cid:2) 10 : 0 stat (cid:2) 4 : 6 syst Þ (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 3 and A T ð D þ s Þ ¼ ð(cid:1) 13 : 6 (cid:2) 7 : 7 stat (cid:2) 3 : 4 syst Þ (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 3 , which are consistent with the standard model expectations.


A novel dual-band design of a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna with a cross slot is proposed. The antenna, comprising a planar patch element embedded with a cross slot, is capable of generating two separate resonant modes with good impedance matching conditions. Prototypes of the proposed antenna have been constructed and experimentally studied. The measured results show both good agreement with the numerical prediction and good dual-band operation, with −10-dB impedance bandwidths of 13.7% and 28.3% at the resonant frequencies of 2.48 and 5.23 GHz, respectively, suitable for applications to the 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN communication systems. Also, good monopole-like radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bands have been obtained. The design considerations for achieving dual-band operation of the proposed cross-slot antenna are discussed, and both theoretical and experimental results are presented.


The authors have synthesised, by the flux-growth method, millimetric crystals of new isotype compounds of KTiOPO4 which also have nonlinear optical properties: cesium titanyl arsenate CsTiOAsO4 and the complete or incomplete solid solutions of general formula CsxM1-xTiOAsyP1-yO4 with M identical to K or Rb. The second harmonic generation test (SHG:1.064 mu m/0.532 mu m) is positive for all these compounds. The ferroelectric transition temperatures are determined by measuring the temperatures at which the SHG disappears. The melting points of the compounds are also determined.


In this paper, the successful expression of trypanosomal triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from Trypanosoma brucei brucei to high yield in Escherichia coli, using a T7-polymerase-based expression system, is described. Overexpressed trypanosomal TIM is fully active. The measured physicochemical properties of this recombinant TIM and TIM purified from trypanosomes are indistinguishable. Crystals of recombinant TIM have been grown in the presence of 2.4 M ammonium sulphate under the same conditions as for trypanosomally expressed TIM. The recombinant TIM crystal structure has been refined at 0.23 nm resolution; no differences were detected between this structure and the original crystal structure. A TIM mutant was made in which a unique dimer-interface histidine residue (His47) was changed into an asparagine. This variant ([H47N]TIM) could be expressed and purified to homogeneity by a procedure which was somewhat different from the purification of recombinant wild-type TIM. It is shown that the [H47N]TIM dimer is considerably less stable than wild-type trypanosomal TIM. The catalytic activity of [H47N]TIM is concentration dependent. The dilution-dependent inactivation is reversible. His47 is involved in a water-mediated hydrogen bond with Asp385 of the other subunit. The lower stability of the [H47N]TIM dimer implies that this water-mediated hydrogen bond is important for the stability of the TIM dimer.


We examine the problem of how best to route jobs among a number of queues whose servers are subject to random periods of unavailability. The optimal routing policy is computed by modelling the system as a discrete-time, finite-state Markov decision process and solving the resulting dynamic programming equations. In a series of numerical experiments, the performance of various heuristic policies is compared with that of the optimal policy. A particular heuristic, using an 'index policy', is shown to be close to optimal.


Eclipta alba is a medicinal herb, also known as Bhringraj belonging to family Asteraceae. The plant has hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and hair growth promoting properties. The effect of various phytohormones on in-vitro callus induction and shoot regeneration in Eclipta alba from leaf explant was evaluated. The sterilized explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of auxins alone or in combination with cytokinins. Best result was observed on MS medium fortified with a combination of 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 mg/l). Shoot cultures were regenerated from the obtained callus on fresh MS medium containing BAP and NAA and its generation capacity, length and morphology were observed. Maximum number of shoots was obtained on a concentration of BAP (1.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l). In vitro generated callus and subsequent shoot proliferation can be used for large scale production of plant.


Abstract The term palimpsest is sometimes used as a way of conceptualising historic cultural landscapes that have been subject to changes. This paper uses an expanded version of the palimpsest concept (a temporal collage intermingling memories with tangible and intangible elements from different time periods across a range of scales) to focus on a former military site on the Thames Estuary, which, after a period of dereliction, has been developed as a bird reserve. It examines different user interpretations of the present-day landscape in the light of its recent history and demonstrates how the physical traces and artefacts, the topography, memories and the relationship with the surrounding area all play a part in these interpretations. This landscape subverts a chronological reading and extends beyond the physical and temporal boundaries of the site enabling both the expert and non-expert to tell multiple and diverse stories with implications for landscape planning and design.


Fifty-two 15-month-old Holstein heifers were synchronised with single or double injections of prostaglandin F2α, followed by an injection of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (gnrh) 48 hours later, and inseminated 12 to 14 hours after the injection of gnrh (day 0). Half of them were then injected twice intramuscularly with 1·1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine 12 hours apart, on the evening of day 15 and the morning of day 16, and the other 26 were not treated. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound 29 and 65 days after they were inseminated. On day 29, 20 of the treated heifers were pregnant compared with 13 of the control heifers (P<0·05); on day 65, 18 of the treated heifers were still pregnant compared with 12 of the control heifers (P<0·10).


The healthcare industry is only beginning to understand e-health. E-health can be defined as the use of technology to directly improve healthcare delivery-affording patients the opportunity to participate in their own healthcare management, provider, and institution. The market is changing rapidly, and innovations, partnerships, and mergers are taking place daily. For healthcare institutions, setting a long-term, yet adaptable e-health strategy is of vital importance for the continued success of the organization. For clinicians, an understanding of and familiarity with technologies can significantly improve workflow, organization, and patient interaction. For the patient, technology can be leveraged as a means to take initiative and responsibility for his/her own health. This article defines e-health and explains the implications and benefits of e-health to nurses and their patients. The article also identifies unique opportunities e-health/e-commerce can provide case managers in promoting patient connectivity, care management, and economy in cost of care.


Introduction: SOX4 plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The role of SOX4 in pan-cancer and its underlying molecular mechanism in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) are not fully understood. In this study, a comprehensive analysis and experimental validation were performed to explore the function of SOX4 across tumor types. Methods: Raw data in regard to SOX4 expression in malignant tumors were downloaded from the TCGA and GTEx databases. The expression levels, prognostic values, genetic mutation, and DNA promoter methylation of SOX4 across tumor types were explored via systematic bioinformatics analysis. The ceRNA regulatory network, immune characteristics, and prognostic models were analyzed in LIHC. Finally, we conducted in vitro experiments including Western blotting, cell proliferative assay, trypan blue staining, and fluorescence microscopy to further explore the function of SOX4 in LIHC. Results: SOX4 expression was significantly upregulated in 24 tumor types. SOX4 expression level was strongly associated with unfavorable prognoses, genetic mutations, and DNA methylation levels across different tumor types. Especially in LIHC, LINC00152/hsa-miR-139-3p/SOX4 was identified as a crucial ceRNA network. Moreover, this study also provides insight into the roles of SOX4 expression in immune cell infiltration, macrophage polarization, immune subtype, molecular subtype, and immunomodulators, as well as the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME)-related prognosis, in LIHC. The study established six favorable prognostic models to predict LIHC prognosis based on the SOX4-associated genes. Finally, lenvatinib treatment can increase the expression of SOX4 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and lead to drug resistance. Silencing SOX4 can effectively eliminate the drug resistance caused by lenvatinib treatment and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.Conclusions: This study highlights that SOX4 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for tumor treatment.


This paper explores what regulation framework should be used to regulate the cyber security in the context of singularity age and emerging legal technologies thereof. Singularity and post-humanism scenarios may be seen as a matter-of-science fiction, but the ongoing technological revolution is already fundamentally altering every human transaction and institutions in the unprecedented ways. While one narrative touts the benefits of the greatest technological developments and bright future of cyber dependent opportunities, other warns the cyber dangers. In the search of the ways to reconcile regulation and technology, the need to turn to the fundamental roots of the regulation framework per se is obvious. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop the conceptual cyber-security regulation framework in the context of singularity age and emerging legal technologies thereof. In order to achieve it, this paper uncovers the status quo of cyber security problem, by highlighting recent cyber incidents and the vulnerabilities of human error. It also develops a conceptual cyber security regulation framework, based on the fundamentals of transaction cost theory. This framework is evaluated in the context of emerging legal technologies.


A 53 year old man was stung behind the knees by five wasps, subsequently identified as belonging to the species Vespula germanica (commonly known as "yellow jackets"). Within a few minutes, he became dizzy, began to wheeze, and collapsed. He responded rapidly to intramuscular epinephrine administered by the attending paramedics, but showed a persistent sinus tachycardia during the subsequent hospital admission. Thus, when he was discharged the following day, he was put on sotalol for 1 week.

He had been stung by a wasp 1 year previously, suffering only extensive local swelling. There was no personal or family history of atopic disease or of reactions to ingested or topical allergens.

He remained free of symptoms for the next 5 weeks, but then developed rapid onset, severe, and painful muscular twitching throughout his limbs, profuse generalised sweating, and insomnia. For 3 weeks prior to his second hospital admission, he was treated with a combination of amitriptyline 10 mg nightly and gabapentin 300 mg thrice daily without effect.

On examination, the patient was afebrile but had hyperhidrosis and tachycardia. He appeared emotionally labile. There were continuous coarse fasciculations throughout all limbs, most markedly in the deltoid and quadriceps bilaterally. The limb tone was normal, with preserved power and normal sensation.

Serum creatine kinase (CK) level on admission was 10 756 IU/l. Serum urea and creatinine levels were normal and no urinary …


The progression of many common disorders involves a complex interplay of multiple factors, including numerous different genes and environmental factors. Gene–environmental cohort studies focus on the identification of risk factors that cannot be discovered by conventional epidemiological methodologies. Such epidemiological methodologies preclude precise predictions, because the exact risk factors can be revealed only after detailed analyses of the interactions among multiple factors, that is, between genes and environmental factors. To date, these cohort studies have reported some promising results. However, the findings do not yet have sufficient clinical significance for the development of precise, personalized preventive medicine. Especially, some promising preliminary studies have been conducted in terms of the prevention of obesity. Large-scale validation studies of those preliminary studies, using a prospective cohort design and long follow-ups, will produce useful and practical evidence for the development of preventive medicine in the future.


The primary factors to consider in the thickness and reinforcement design for continuously reinforced concrete pavements are the structural response variables; crack spacing, crack width, and maximum steel stress. They plant an important role in the outcome of the pavement performance, and can be related to the major distresses common to CRC pavements. In the previous report, 177-16, the relationships between the significant input variables and the structural responses predicted by the CRCP-2 computer model were quantified using regression techniques and expressed as a set of nomographs. This set of design changes enables us to graphically predict the final crack spacing, crack width, and steel stress in CRC pavement. This report determines the design limiting criteria for these structural responses. Previous investigations of the design criteria were reviewed and the most recently developed analytical models studied. The basic procedures used to establish the design criteria included examination of the major distresses such as punchout, spalling, and steel rupture and study of correlations between these distresses and the corresponding structural responses at appropriate levels. The procedure for use of these limiting criteria in CRCP design is outlined along with a series of guidelines for the selection of CRCP design input values. (FHWA)


Fights between male fallow deer (Dama dama) may conclude with the contest decisively resolved in favour of one animal (the winner), or, there may be an inconclusive resolution, in which case there is no winner. We sought to compare the structure of fights between male fallow deer in order to determine what factors might be important in influencing how fights are concluded (i.e., decisively or inconclusively resolved). We compared differences in the number of backward pushes, jump clashes and retreats over fight duration; we also compared the duration of bouts of fighting. Fights that were decisively resolved had a significantly higher number of backward pushes and jump clashes than fights that were inconclusive. Decisively resolved fights also had a higher number of retreats in the final quarter of contests suggesting that, overall, fights that resulted in a winner were more costly than fights that were inconclusively resolved. There was a significantly larger asymmetry between opponents in decisively resolved fights in the proportion of backward pushes and jump clashes recorded suggesting that opponents in fights that ended inconclusively were more evenly matched. There was no difference in overall contest duration or the duration spent fighting between decisively and inconclusively resolved fights. These results indicate that the manner by which a contest concludes, is determined by the difference in action performance between contestants and also, a difference in the rate of behavioural actions as a function of time spent fighting.


In this invited article, we present an ongoing research program in the area of writing. Although this program has focused on students with learning disabilities (LD) and other struggling writers, it has also concentrated more broadly on issues involving writing development and general writing instruction. One purpose of this review was to share our basic findings in each of these areas, as they have important implications for teaching writing to students with LD. Another purpose was to illustrate how an ongoing research program develops and grows over time. To make this process more concrete, we employed several different literacy devices, including drawing an analogy between the development of our research program and the development of the story line for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. Our final purpose was to describe the research we plan to do in the near future.


Dendropanax morbifera Leveille is found throughout southwestern Korea, and has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases, such as migraine headache, infectious diseases, skin diseases and dysmenorrhea. However, the molecular mechanisms of D. morbifera concerning its biochemical actions in cancer have not yet been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of an ethanol extract of D. morbifera stem bark (EEDM) on human leukemia U937 cells. EEDM markedly inhibited the growth of U937 cells by decreasing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. EEDM-induced apoptosis in U937 cells was associated with the upregulation of death receptor-related protein levels and downregulation of anti-apoptotic IAP family proteins. The increase in apoptosis was also associated with proteolytic activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, inhibition of anti‑apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, Bid cleavage, and loss of MMP suggesting that apoptosis of U937 cells induced by EEDM was through the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. However, a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VED-fmk, significantly inhibited EEDM-induced U937 cell apoptosis indicating that the caspases were key regulators of apoptosis in response to EEDM in U937 cells. Our data suggest that D. morbifera may be a potential anticancer agent for cancer treatment.


Products formed using a conventional cold-roll forming machine have cross-sectional profiles constrained to a single width along the longitudinal axis. Products with cross-sectional profiles varying in width in the longitudinal direction, namely, flexible cross sections, cannot be formed using a conventional cold-roll forming machine. In recent years, research and development of a flexible cold-roll forming machine (FCRFM) controlled by a PLC (Progressive Logic Controller) Unit to form products with flexible cross sections has been carried out in Japan and Europe. In this study, the relations between the motions of the roll stand of the FCRFM and the fluctuations in flange width along the longitudinal direction caused in forming the blank steel sheet are investigated to clarify the mechanism of the occurrence of the faults of flange dimension. It is found that when the forming point of the roll is on the same line as the center line of the rotational spinning shaft of the turntable, the flange width of the product formed becomes narrower at the corner and oblique parts of the blank sheet. The optimum method of forming a constant flange width is to keep both the bending point of the roll and the rotational spinning shaft of the turntable in the same concentric circle, in which the center of the concentric circle is that of the circle making the corner part of the blank sheet. る長尺異形断面材をプレス機械で成形することは金型製作


Biosorption of heavy metal ions such as Cd2+ by dead biomass has been recognized as a potential alternative to existing removal technologies applied to wastewater treatment. Two bacterial strains were studied in the laboratory, streptomyces griseus and S. clavuligerus, an industrial by‐product. Both washed and unwashed samples were examined. Foam flotation proposed in this work as the separation state following biosorption. Effective biomass separation was conducted in the presence of a frother, ethanol. The pH of the solution was a crucial parameter for flotation and also for metal binding. Other basic parameters of flotation examined were the initial cadmium concentration in the dilute aqueous solution and the quantity of biomass used. A study of ζ‐potential measurements of the actinomycetes was carried out under the conditions used in the separation; surface tension was also measured. These provided useful information on the process. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A large class of Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations governing the Renormalization Group evolution of the Casimir energy of the vacuum on the cylinder for an integrable two-dimensional field theory, can often be encoded on a tensor product of two graphs. We demonstrate here that in this case the two graphs can only be of ADE type. We also give strong numerical evidence for a new large set of Dilogarithm sum Rules connected to ADE × ADE and a simple formula for the ultraviolet perturbing operator conformal dimensions only in terms of rank and Coxeter numbers of ADE × ADE . We conclude with some remarks on the curious case ADE × D .


TSM (Thermal Step Method) is a nondestructive technique to determine space charge distribution in thin and thick dielectric specimens. Although the experimental procedure is simple, the numerical techniques required for analyzing the data are complex and time consuming. Fourier analysis is commonly employed to analyze the TSM data. This paper proposes the use of the inverse matrix technique to simplify the analysis of the signals acquired by TSM. Numerical simulation by the inverse matrix technique is compared with the Fourier analysis technique. Corona charged as well as DC poled XLPE specimens are tested to confirm the validity of the inverse matrix technique. It is shown that this technique gives better results and requires less computing time than other techniques usually employed for the TSM.


The aim of this study was to analyze the competitions of the 46th World Greco-Roman and in the 35th World Free-Style Championships, and to examine the technique values of the National Turkish Team as a case study. The Greco-Roman Championship was in the city of Patras in Greece at 6-9 December 2001. The Free-Style Championship was in Sofia at 21-25 December 2001. 334 Greco-Roman and 311 free-style fights were recorded and the analysis was done on these recordings. The pattern of winning, the finishing times, the technique numbers, the points and the passivity numbers of the whole and the classifying matches; the techniques that the Turkish Team used and applied were determined. For statistical analysis, ratio for one competition (ROC) for each parameter was calculated. In these championships, most of the Greco-Roman and the free-style matches finished in official time and by points in all weight categories. Same status is validity for the Turkish team and the classifying matches. In the Greco-Roman wrestling, total 1317 techniques (R: 3.94) were applied and 2231 points (ROC: 6.67) were taken; 593 passivity (ROC: 1.77) and 114 tying salto (ROC: 0.34) were performed. In the free-style 1590 techniques (ROC: 5.11) were applied and 2376 points (ROC: 7.64) were taken; 296 passivity (ROC: 0.95) and 32 tying salto (ROC: 0.10) were performed. The Turkish Greco-Roman Wrestling Team applied 51 techniques (ROC: 2.42) took 84 points (ROC: 4.2) and exposed to 37 techniques (ROC: 1.76) gave 62 points (ROC: 3.1). The Turkish Free-Style Wrestling Team applied 70 techniques (ROC: 2.91) took 114 points (ROC: 4.75) and exposed to 53 techniques (ROC: 2.91) gave 73 points (ROC: 3.04). In the Greco-Roman and free-style classifying matches, respectively 54 (ROC: 3.37) and 66 (ROC: 4.12) techniques were applied; 88 points (ROC: 5.50) were taken in both style. The most executed techniques were: gut wrench (29.62 %), tying salto (14.81 %) and counter to gut wrench (9.25 %) in the classifying Greco-Roman; leg tackle (36.36 %), gut wrench (16.66 %) and head drug (12.12 %) in the classifying free-style wrestling. The Turkish Greco-Roman Wrestling Team executed mostly gut wrench (33.33 %) and warning point (11.76 %); mostly exposed to gut wrench (21.62 %) and throw back (16.21 %). The Turkish Free-Style Wrestling Team executed mostly leg tackle (24.3 %) and gut wrench (20 %); exposed to mostly leg tackle (28.30 %), gut wrench (13.20 %) and double leg tackle (13.20 %). Wrestlers chose to take points without risk, and to be successful it was necessary to take 8 points in Greco-Roman and 7 points in free-style for one competition. To win a competition it's important to apply and not expose to a technique. The National Turkish Greco-Roman Team was unsuccessful to apply a technique. National Turkish Free-Style Team didn't wrestle as offensively as their successful rivals. The case study enabled an analysis of the performanceof the team and recommendations to be made for improvements in future competitions.


In Japan, 5-aminolevulinic acid was approved for clinical use in 2007. The indication of 5-aminolevulinic acid is the visualization of bladder tumor during transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis is especially useful for the detection of tiny and flat lesions. The additional detection rate, which cannot detect tumors by conventional white light, is between 10% and 30%. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis for bladder cancer shows improved diagnostic accuracy, as well as an improved recurrence rate, after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Nohara et al. reported the induction of intraoperative hypotension by 5-aminolevulinic acid. The incidence of intraoperative hypotension is a rare, but important, problem. The severe type of hypotension shows catecholamine-resistant characteristics. The mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated hypotension is unknown. Archer et al. hypothesized that the vascular dilation is caused by releasing a large amount of nitric oxide. However, we cannot identify the clinical risk factors of hypersensitive patients. Nohara et al. suggested the risk of intraoperative hypotension using 5-aminolevulinic acid. The authors identified the two factors of regular renin–angiotensin system inhibitor use and general anesthesia. We need to pay attention to hypotension using 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic diagnosis with consideration of regular renin–angiotensin system inhibitor use and general anesthesia. However, the limitations of this study were the small sample volume and retrospective nature. Further prospective and large-sample studies will show the appropriate risk factors of intraoperative hypotension caused by 5-aminolevulinic acid.


Laser interferometry is one of the most sensitive methods for small displacement measurement for scientific and industrial applications, whose wide diffusion in very different fields is due not only to the high sensitivity and reliability of laser interferometric techniques, but also to the availability of not expensive optical components and high quality low-cost laser sources. Interferometric techniques have been already successfully applied also to the design and implementation of very sensitive sensors for geophysical applications. In this paper we describe the architecture and the expected theoretical performances of a laser interferometric velocimeter for seismic waves measurement. We analyze and discuss the experimental performances of the interferometric system, comparing the experimental results with the theoretical predictions and with the performances of a state-of the art commercial accelerometer. The results obtained are very encouraging, so that we are upgrading the system in order to measure the local acceleration of the mirrors and beam splitter of the velocimeter using an ad hoc designed monolithic accelerometers for low frequency direct measurement of the seismic noise.


This paper proposes a method to build and analyze social networks of person entities on Wikipedia. Here each person entity is represented by a few attributes. Different estimation approaches of attribute similarity are used, on which we employ the Systematic Similarity Measure theory to compute the person entity similarity. On the basis of the similarity array of person entities, we build the social network for them. On Wikipedia data, we conduct some experiments on social network analysis, and the experimental results show our social network mining approaches are effective.


On 3 June 2008 the National Family Policy Concept was adopted by Seimas that states the goals and principles of the state family policy and several times refers to historical and scientific experience. The present article aims to reveal the historical and legal experience of the ancient Rome that laid foundations of contemporary private law and to compare the goals of the National Family Policy Concept and the state policy of the ancient Rome regarding family issues. The concept of family framed by the National Family Policy Concept is based on matrimony. This is why the authors of the article focus on Roman matrimony. Having discussed the ancient Roman concept of marriage and Roman state policy regarding issues of matrimony and family and comparing it with the aims of the National Family Policy concept it might be stated that policy of encouraging family and promoting family relations based on matrimony that is provided by the Lithuanian state is not a new invention but may also refer to legal resolutions of the ancient Rome.


Recent days increasing the use of flash memory device in embedded systems. Diverse qualities of NAND blaze recollections from hard circles include: a constrained square eradicate check, the inconceivability of set up refresh, and asymmetry in operation granularity. Along these lines different rubbish accumulation procedures for the NAND streak recollections have been proposed. In any case, existing rubbish accumulation procedures obstruct square wear leveling since they utilize a similar technique for both hot and icy information. In this paper, we propose effective junk accumulation and piece administration strategies to enhance piece wear leveling and trash gathering speed. Above all else, information is arranged into three sorts concurring to alteration recurrence - hot information, cool information, and warm data and distinctive sorts of information are put away in various pieces. The delete cost is figured considering information sort, and afterward junk gathering is performed for the hinders whose eradicate costs surpass the limit esteem. Furthermore, unique square records are made in RAM by information sort, and the squares are orchestrated in the request of their eradicate cost.