The objective of the present work was to evaluate the possibility of converting three different kinds of paper sludge (PS) into ethanol using xylose-fermenting yeast SHY07-1 and common yeast SHY08-3 in separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Effects of pH, temperature and enzyme loading on saccharification of different PS were investigated and the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of chemical pulping PS was superior to that of deinking PS. The hydrolysate produced from enzymatically-digested PS (on a consistency of 6% (w/v, expressed in terms of total carbohydrate mass)) was fermented by yeast without prior detoxification and nutrient supplementation. A final ethanol concentration of 34.72 and 29.29 g/L was achieved by SHY07-1 and SHY08-3 separately, corresponding to an ethanol yield of 0.42 and 0.41 g/g with a fermentation efficiency of 80.84% and 68.18%. The results indicate that PS can be enzymatically hydrolyzed without pretreatment and the hydrolysate can be fermented efficiently to ethanol by using xylose-fermenting yeast SHY07-1.


The study was conducted for the assessment of marketing system of summer tomato in Jashore. Summer tomato had high demand and high value crop in summer season among the consumers. Data were collected from 30 randomly selected tomato farmers and 60 traders from different market of Jashore district of Bangladesh during July-October, 2019. Farmer, faria, bepari, wholesaler, commission agents and retailer were involved in marketing of summer tomato. Marketing cost of farmar, faria, bepari, wholesaler, retailer (urban) and retailer (rural) were 430.00, 691.00, 2184.00, 2443.00, 1857.00 and 1074.00 Tk ton-1, respectively. Net margin or profit of the faria, bepari, wholesaler and retailer were 1300.00, 817.00, 557.00 and 2143.00 Tk ton-1, respectively. There were seven marketing channel exist in tomato marketing. Total marketing cost of all intermediaries was 7604.00 Tk ton-1 and net margin was 4826.00 Tk ton-1. Marketing efficiency was 2.25. Price spread between consumer paid and producer received was 8000.00 Tk ton-1. On the other hand, producer share was 78 percent. Spoilage and damage, transportation and packaging were the main marketing problem of summer tomato.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 12(1): 12-17, June 2022


Modem psychological theory states that the transmission of sensory information, as well as several aspects of motor behavior, shows periodic characteristics between 20 and 200 msec. In many cases, these time constants are derived from multimodal distributions of, for example, reaction times (Lansing, 1957), visual scanning times (Augenstine, 1955), and eye movements (Latour, 1966). The findings are interpreted as evidence for a sensory and/or motor integration period, which is considered a psychological time constant and described in terms of one of three specific theories: the discrete nonoverlapping moment (Stroud, 1955), the discrete overlapping time unit (Robinson, 1966), and the continuous running-average sampling period (Uttal, 1970). Generally speaking, psychological time is not viewed as an infinitely divisible factor, but it bears the character of a finite integration period or is built up on the basis of some final quantum. The 'quantum' theories also penetrated time perception as a more or less separate field of research. Within the framework of Treisman's model, it is assumed that the apparent duration of an interval arises from the integration of finite, nonoverlapping periods generated by an internal clock ('pulse generator'). The accelerations and decelerations of subjective time with respect to physical time are caused by speed fluctuations of the pulse generator as a function of arousal level (Treisman, 1963; see also Vroon and Van Boxtel, 1972). Creelman (1962) used the concept of a time quantum in a model describing the ability to discriminate between short intervals, and Michon (1965, 1967) directly demonstrated the existence of it in time perception.


This paper presents an approach for distributed fault isolation in a generic system of systems. The proposed approach is based on the principles of hyperdimensional computing. In particular, the recently proposed method called Holographic Graph Neuron is used. We present a distributed version of Holographic Graph Neuron and evaluate its performance on the problem of fault isolation in a complex power plant model. Compared to conventional machine learning methods applied in the context of the same scenario the proposed approach shows comparable performance while being distributed and requiring simple binary operations, which allow for a fast and efficient implementation in hardware.


The port is an important transportation hub of maritime transport, recently developing smart ship transport for the smart port. Therefore, smart port indicators (SPIs) are crucial for smart port development. Applying SPIs for port management improves the overall port performance, reduces environmental pollution, as well as promoting port safety and innovation. This research aims at confirming the smart port indicators and defining the primary strategies for smart port performance in Thailand. We have employed a questionnaire survey as a method of data collection. Descriptive statistical analysis of respondents' general information and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been used to test the key domains and indicators for confirming the dominant and verify the relationship of these indicators to the domains to which the indicator belongs. The results obtained comprise three main domains: smart port operation, smart port environment/energy, and smart port safety/security, using primary nineteen SPIs measurements. Furthermore, this research results have succeeded in introducing port operation to performance management in smart ports, thereby ensuring and facilitating port practice planning.


This paper reports on analysis of an online learning network catering for adult basic education. It introduces some key concepts from research on networked learning, as well as two complementary approaches that are useful to support and inform analysis and design of technology-enhanced environments. One approach is informed by ideas about the design of learning environments in which pedagogies are combined with complex technological arrangements. The other approach shows how ideas from urban and architectural design, particularly the work by Christopher Alexander on design patterns and pattern languages, can be used to support design for learning. Part of the argument for combining these two perspectives is that, in trying to manage the complex possibilities of new network technologies, pedagogical and humanistic ideals are easily damaged, forgotten or lost. The analytic work involves some methodological innovation, partly because of the data sources involved. It uses interviews as well as screenshots of web pages, other online artefacts and data logs; these sources allow the researcher to look 'beyond the screen' to reconstruct the deeper architecture of what has been created for, and by, the participants in the network. The preliminary outcomes show how connections can be drawn between some of the key qualities of what has been designed alongside the various configurations of things, places, tasks, activities, and people influencing learning. Eventually, what is learned from a case study is discussed with the aim of informing design of similar learning networks.


Productivity and sustainability of tropical forest plantations greatly rely on regulation of ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling, i.e., the link between plant growth, nutrient availability, and the microbial community structure. So far, these interactions have never been evaluated in the Acacia and Eucalyptus forest planted on infertile soils in the Congolese coastal plains. In the present work, the soil bacterial community has been investigated by metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene in different stands of monoculture and mixed-species plantation to evaluate the potential of nitrogen-fixing trees on nutrient and bacterial structure. At the phylum level, the soil bacterial community was dominated by Actinobacteria , followed by Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , and Acidobacteria . A principal coordinate analysis revealed that bacterial communities from pure Eucalyptus, compared to those from plantations containing Acacia in pure and mixed-species stands, showed different community composition (beta-diversity). Regardless of the large variability of the studied soils, the prevalence of Firmicutes phylum, and lower bacterial richness and phylogenic diversity were reported in stands containing Acacia relative to the pure Eucalyptus . Distance-based redundancy analysis revealed a positive correlation of available phosphorus (P) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio with bacterial community structure. However, the Spearman correlation test revealed a broad correlation between the relative abundance of bacterial taxa and soil attributes, in particular with sulfur (S) and carbon (C), suggesting the important role of soil bacterial community in nutrient cycling in this type of forest management. Concerning mixed plantations, a shift in bacterial community structure was observed, probably linked to other changes, i.e., improvement in soil fertility (enhanced P and C dynamics in forest floor and soil, and increase in soil N status), and C sequestration in both soil and stand wood biomass with the great potential impact to mitigate climate change. Overall, our findings highlight the role of soil attributes, especially C, S, available P, and C/N ratio at a lesser extent, in driving the soil bacterial community in mixed-species plantations and its potential to improve soil fertility and to sustain Eucalyptus plantations established on the infertile and sandy soils of the Congolese coastal plains.


In this paper we present a machine learning technique that can be used in conjunction with multi-period trade schedule optimization used in program trading. The technique is based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model that determines a better starting solution for the non-linear optimization routine. This technique provides calculation time improvements that are 30% faster for small baskets (n = 10 stocks), 50% faster for baskets of (n = 100 stocks) and up to 70% faster for large baskets (n ≥ 300 stocks). Unlike many of the industry approaches that use heuristics and numerical approximation, our machine learning approach solves for the exact problem and provides a dramatic improvement in calculation time.


DNA microarrays have become a tool of paramount importance in the study of gene function, regulation, and interaction across large numbers of genes, and even entire genomes (Hegde et al., 2000; Moore, 2001). Microarray experiments generate pairs of 16 bits per pixel grayscale images (see Fig. 1, for an example). These images, which may require several tens of megabytes in order to be stored or transmitted, are analyzed by software tools that extract relevant information, such as the intensity of the spots and the background level. This information is then used for evaluating the expression level of individual genes (Hegde et al., 2000; Moore, 2001).


plasmas (consisting primarily of vaporized strip material) expand hemispherically away from the gaps and into a resonant cavity. The expansion velocity into He gas at 2.5-3 Torr is 5 X I O5 cm/sec. As these expanded plasmas cool, they recombine resulting in laser action at a number of wavelengths in the UV. visible, and IR. At present forty-two transitions in the UV. visible, and IR in neutral, single-ion, and double-ion species have been produced from eight different metal vapors (Cd, Sn, Zn, Pb, Mg, C, In, and Ag). The IR transitions occur primarily in the neutral atomic species as a result of recombination from the single ion, whereas the visible and UV transitions occur in the singleand double-ion species recombining from double and triple ions. In a number of cases laser action has been observed on the equivalent transition in Ag I. Cd 11, and In 111 (adjacent elements on the periodic table). This observation of isoelectronic scaling is important and in the future may lead to the extension of laser action to shorter wavelengths. The maximum observed peak power output on the IR transitions is -5 W and on the visible transitions is -0.5 W. This result suggests that the double and triple ion stages are not being as effectively populated during plasma formation, and experiments to optimize the production of higher ion stages are in progress. Because of their simplicity SPER lasers may find such diverse applications as target designation and pollution detection. (Invited paper, 25 min)


The mayfly fauna of an Andean tropical headwater stream was sampled every fifteen days during one year, and seasonal changes in density were recordered and compared to rainfall values. Even though seasonal changes of total density of genera of Ephemeroptera showed a negative correlation with rainfall values, any correlation was observed for individual genera. Two patterns were nevertheless evident: Nymphs of Baetodes, Leptohyphes, Thraulodes, Andesiops and Prebaetodes were abundant all year round, whilst nymphs of Haplohyphes, Trichorythodes, Farrodes and Americabaetis were only present occasionally and occurred in low densities.


ABSTRACT Monitoring gonadmaturation for protandrous and functional hermaphrodite species such as the giant clamTridacna maxima is difficult due to the juxtaposition and relative proportion ofmale and female tissues in the gonad [gonadal sex ratio (GSR)]. Here, the relevance of the widely used gonadosomatic index (GSI) as proxy of giant clam gonad maturation is tested with a large dataset (n = 265). Gonadosomatic index is compared with other indices, namely the proportion of the male part harboring spermatozoids, the proportion of empty oocyte follicles, the mean oocyte diameter, and the oocyte elongation. At gonad scale, high index variability highlighted partial spawning. At individual scale, male and female maturation proxies were contrasted, showing either asynchronous emissions of male and female gametes or contrasted spermatogenesis and oogenesis duration. The GSI was mostly driven by the number and diameter of oocytes and therefore it is recommended here as primary proxy for female maturity. Except for the oocyte elongation, all indices were affected by the GSR, which ruled out drawing conclusions at population scale. These results highlight the need for maturation stage proxies that are optimized for functional hermaphrodite species.


This paper describes a new algorithm for computing a low-Tucker-rank approximation of a tensor. The method applies a randomized linear map to the tensor to obtain a sketch that captures the important directions within each mode, as well as the interactions among the modes. The sketch can be extracted from streaming or distributed data or with a single pass over the tensor, and it uses storage proportional to the degrees of freedom in the output Tucker approximation. The algorithm does not require a second pass over the tensor, although it can exploit another view to compute a superior approximation. The paper provides a rigorous theoretical guarantee on the approximation error. Extensive numerical experiments show that that the algorithm produces useful results that improve on the state of the art for streaming Tucker decomposition.


In recent years, social media has played an increasingly important role in reporting world events. The publication of crowd-sourced photographs and videos in near real-time is one of the reasons behind the high impact. However, the use of a camera can draw the photographer into a situation of conflict. Examples include the use of cameras by regulators collecting evidence of Mafia operations; citizens collecting evidence of corruption at a public service outlet; and political dissidents protesting at public rallies. In all these cases, the published images contain fairly unambiguous clues about the location of the photographer (scene viewpoint information). In the presence of adversary operated cameras, it can be easy to identify the photographer by also combining leaked information from the photographs themselves. We call this the camera location detection attack. We propose and review defense techniques against such attacks. Defenses such as image obfuscation techniques do not protect camera-location information; current anonymous publication technologies do not help either. However, the use of view synthesis algorithms could be a promising step in the direction of providing probabilistic privacy guarantees.


Immunoblotting experiments using antibodies directed against the large collagenous cuticle proteins of Caenorhabditis elegans revealed a class of small collagenous proteins (CP) of apparent molecular weight 38,000-52,000 present during the L4 to adult molt. These CP are smaller than most vertebrate collagens characterized to date and share many characteristics with the small collagenous products translated in vitro from RNA isolated at this molt. C. elegans collagen genes, collagen-coding mRNA, and collagenous in vitro products that have been characterized are also small. Detection of small CP in vivo in C. elegans thus lends further support to the hypothesis that such small collagenous proteins are the primary gene product precursors to the larger collagenous proteins isolated from the C. elegans cuticle.


In disentangled representation learning, a model is asked to tease apart a dataset's underlying sources of variation and represent them independently of one another. Since the model is provided with no ground truth information about these sources, inductive biases take a paramount role in enabling disentanglement. In this work, we construct an inductive bias towards encoding to and decoding from an organized latent space. Concretely, we do this by (i) quantizing the latent space into discrete code vectors with a separate learnable scalar codebook per dimension and (ii) applying strong model regularization via an unusually high weight decay. Intuitively, the latent space design forces the encoder to combinatorially construct codes from a small number of distinct scalar values, which in turn enables the decoder to assign a consistent meaning to each value. Regularization then serves to drive the model towards this parsimonious strategy. We demonstrate the broad applicability of this approach by adding it to both basic data-reconstructing (vanilla autoencoder) and latent-reconstructing (InfoGAN) generative models. For reliable evaluation, we also propose InfoMEC, a new set of metrics for disentanglement that is cohesively grounded in information theory and fixes well-established shortcomings in previous metrics. Together with regularization, latent quantization dramatically improves the modularity and explicitness of learned representations on a representative suite of benchmark datasets. In particular, our quantized-latent autoencoder (QLAE) consistently outperforms strong methods from prior work in these key disentanglement properties without compromising data reconstruction.


Enriching existing predictive models with new biomolecular markers is an important task in the new multi-omic era. Clinical studies increasingly include new sets of omic measurements which may prove their added value in terms of predictive performance. We introduce a two-step approach for the assessment of the added predictive ability of omic predictors, based on sequential double cross-validation and regularized regression models. We propose several performance indices to summarize the two-stage prediction procedure and a permutation test to formally assess the added predictive value of a second omic set of predictors over a primary omic source. The performance of the test is investigated through simulations. We illustrate the new method through the systematic assessment and comparison of the performance of transcriptomics and metabolomics sources in the prediction of body mass index (BMI) using longitudinal data from the Dietary, Lifestyle, and Genetic determinants of Obesity and Metabolic syndrome (DILGOM) study, a population-based cohort from Finland.


We propose two related equilibrium refinements for voting and agenda-setting games. Sequentially Weakly Undominated Equilibrium (SWUE) and Markov Trembling Hand Perfect Equilibrium (MTHPE), and show how these equilibrium concepts eliminate non-intuitive equilibria that arise naturally in dynamic voting games and games in which random or deterministic sequences of agenda-setters make offers to several players. We establish existence of these equilibria in finite and infinite (for MTHPE) games, provide a characterization of the structure of equilibria, and clarify the relationship between the two concepts. Finally, we show how these concepts can be applied in a dynamic model of endogenous club formation.


Android operating system is one of the most widely used mobile Operating System these days and also enhancing its use for making betterment in different areas of life. Android mobile operating system is based on the Linux kernel and is developed by Google and primarily designed for smartphones and tablets. Android Operating System consist of four main layers, the specifying architecture is given in this paper. The advanced Smart applications of android in mobile, real-time and wireless sensor network are widening their service areas. Android is a disruptive technology, which was introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much wider potential. In this paper we are studying, one of the smart and enhancing Android operating system application which are based on Automated and tracking from remote distance. These application helps students, teachers, parents, patients and users of home appliance as anytime and anywhere basis. Being part of today's advance world, using fastest acceptable and mobile Android Operating System it's possible to develop automated attendance system, secure transferring of medical data and automated home appliance monitoring system.


Three tasks were conducted under the Acute Radiation Sickness Amelioration Analysis in support of the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and NATO Army Armaments Group (NAAG) Project Group 29 (PG-29) on drugs for the prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting: (1) documents were collected and entered into a data base, (2) data reviews and analyses were performed, and (3) PG-29 and Triservice meetings involving anti-emetic drug development were supported and documented. Approximately 2000 documents were collected, with 1424 complete bibliographic citations entered into a WordPerfect 5.1 data base. Eight reviews and analyses addressing different aspects of the safety and efficacy of the candidate anti-emetic drugs ondansetron and granistron were prepared. Support was provided for seven international PG-29 meetings and two U.S. Triservice meetings in which the efforts of PG-29 were discussed. These tasks have enabled the DNA and PG-29 to make good progress toward the goal of recommending a serotonin type-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist anti-emetic drug for use in military personnel.


Ensuring the security and life of civil engineering structures is paramount to the designer, the users and the environment. To this end, it is necessary to carry out periodic monitoring of structures. The monitoring of Civil engineering structures is not limited to Geomatics Engineers only. Other professional are also involved in structural monitoring with a view of ensuring its safety and integrity. In the paper we develop a Geomatics technique of structural deformation study. The approach divides the storage tank with diameter of 76.2m and 22m high into circular cross section with points distributed to cover the perimeter of the cross section. These monitoring points (studs) were situated at equal distances on the outer surface of the tanks and located around the tank base. Geodetic Total Station instruments were setup at these monitoring stations (occupied stations) and observations carried out to determine the  coordinates of monitoring points on the tank surface. In the past  traditional geodetic was used which was time consuming, and problematic data acquisition and analysis. The new technique is very fast, cost  effective, continuous data acquisition, compactable with computer Aided design (CAD), and the easy of developing digital terrain model (DTM) with the data. We also presented the mathematical model and least squares technique necessary for the deformation measurement and analysis. Key words : Monitoring, deformation, diameter, oil volume, intersection, accuracy, oil tanks.


Performing Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) from Internet databases connected through Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, abbreviated as P2P-CBIR, helps to effectively explore the large-scale image database distributed over connected peers. Decentralized unstructured P2P framework is adopted in our system to compromise with the structured one while still reserving flexible routing control when peers join/leave or network fails. The P2P-CBIR search engine is designed to provide multiinstance query with multi-feature types to effectively reduce network traffic and maintain high retrieval accuracy. The proposed P2P-CBIR system is also designed to provide scalable retrieval control, which can adaptively control the query scope and progressively refine the accuracy of retrieved results. We also proposed to provide the most updated local database characteristics for the P2P-CBIR users. By reconfiguring system at each regular interval time, we can effectively reduce trivial peer routing and retrieval operations due to imprecise configuration. Experiments demonstrated that the average recall rate of the proposed P2P-CBIR with reconfiguration is higher than that of the one without about 10.73%, and the latter outperforms previous methods, i.e., firework query model (FQM) and breadth first search (BFS) about 27% and 57%, respectively, under the same range of TTL values.


This paper presents the Linear Array Processors with Multiple Access Modes Memory system (LAPMAM), an efficient mono dimensional parallel architecture for real-time image processing. This architecture is composed of n processors and n/sup 2/ memory modules. These memory modules have multiple access modes: RAM, FIFO, normal CAM and interactive CAM modes. They are associated with a linear array of VLIW processors, which are interconnected through a communication network. The practical working of the architecture is explained using the example of a parallel labeling algorithm. A hardware simulation of a LAPMAM prototype has been carried out to test its performance in low and intermediate level image processing. The simulation results of the VHDL model are presented.


Type 2 diabetes is contemporarily a major social and epidemiological problem and among others is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Pentraxin 3 a potential early biomarker of the atherrosclerosis, is an acute phase reactant produced by the peripheral tissues where the inflammation takes place. to assess PTX3 plasma levels in metabolic syndrome patients compared to control subjects and their potential associations with anthropometric and clinical components of the syndrome as well as with carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. This study was conducted on 58 type 2 diabetic patients(34 men and 24 women ) as well as 30 age and sex matched non diabetic control subjects (12 men and 18 women ) the following tests were done FBS , lipid profile (Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride level and HDL cholesterol level). The LDL cholesterol level was estimated .In addition, we performed basic biochemical blood analysis (ALT,AST,CBC and TSH), Hemoglobin A1c and Plasma PTX3. Mean plasma PTX3concentration turned out to be significantly higher in patients with history of myocardial infarction,CABG and PCI (p=0.01) . PTX3 was associated with outcomes in acute MI patients. PTX3 was associated with fatal events, and adverse clinical outcomes in heart failure patients.


In the present study we have evaluated the knowledge, attitudes and intention to act in relation to HIV/AIDS related issues among Swedish students aged 15-18 years. An intervention group (n = 368) and a comparison group (n = 180) were followed for 2 years between 1989 and 1991. The teachers of the intervention group were obliged to specifically give a continuous and in-depth education while the comparison group received ordinary traditional education. We present the results from questionnaires given to all students before and after the study. There was a significant increase in knowledge of facts in the intervention group, and also changes in attitudes towards, for example, gay people, drug users and HIV infected individuals, in a desirable direction. In sex related issues there was also a desirable change in intention to act, but this was not seen in students' relation to alcohol. No significant changes at all in knowledge, attitudes or intention to act were seen in the comparison group. Our results show that it is indeed possible to influence students' attitudes and intention to act in HIV/AIDS related issues provided teachers start by defining the students' central conceptions and their relation to each other, and promote individual thinking and reflection.


Monoclonal antibody investigations showed that the vast majority of cells infiltrating the synovial tissue of 8 patients with longstanding psoriatic arthritis stained for both mononuclear phagocyte and class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens and were therefore referred to as type I synoviocytes. A minor though consistent number of cells bore solely class II MHC antigens and were recognized as type II synoviocytes, a subpopulation that has been reported to be characteristically augmented in immune synovitides. In contrast, no immunophenotypically identifiable lymphoid cells were seen. It is suggested that type I and II synoviocytes represent the late phase of the phlogistic process and contribute to maintaining the tissue injury.


We study the bond price reaction of a merged firms peers, in order to better understand how the market responds to a restructuring. We argue that a merger announcement may signal the possibility of a merger wave to the industry, and in doing so, increase the conditional probability that peer firms might themselves be acquired in the future. However, while peer firm equity holders expect a direct benefit from a potential acquisition—in the form of a price premium—peer firm bond holders can only expect an indirect benefit—in the form of a risk reduction. Consistent with these hypotheses, we show that price reactions are stronger for firms that have a higher unconditional probability of being acquired ex-ante. In addition, we document that, cross-sectionally, the abnormal returns we observe from peer bondholders are concentrated among firms that have the highest expected risk reduction benefit from a potential acquisition. In order to distinguish a potential reduction in risk as the explicit return driver, we show that abnormal bond returns within firm (between different bond issues) are also concentrated among issues that have the highest expected risk reduction benefit.


The world's largest jade deposit, containing the highest-quality jade, is exposed in the Pharkant-Tawmaw (also spelled Hparkant or Hpakan and Tawhmaw) Jade Mines Belt, northern Myanmar. This belt is located between latitudes 25° and 26° N and longitudes 96° 12′ and 96° 25′ E in the Myitkyina district (Fig. 13.1). The belt extends in a north–south direction, covering an area of c. 1200 km2 (Chhibber 1934 b ). Major jade production sites are located in the Pharkant, Lonkin, Tawmaw, Haungpa and Hwekha areas. In these areas the rock type jadeitite, containing more than 90 vol% of the mineral jadeite, is associated with serpentinites, albitites, low- to medium-grade metamorphic rocks, chlorite schists, garnet–mica schists, graphite schists, glaucophane schists and amphibolites.

 Fig. 13.1.
Geological map of the Jade Mines Belt (JMB) showing the localities mentioned in the text and the location of the samples described. Compiled by Thet Tin Nyunt, modified from Chhibber (1934 a ), Bender (1983), Than Tun (1997) and Thet Tin Nyunt (2009).

The Jade Mines area of northern Myanmar is a highly dissected upland, higher in the north than in the south, with ranges of hills forming the Chindwin–Irrawaddy watershed. The main jade area around Tawmaw is situated on a plateau 840 m above sea level. Mountain ranges in the western part of the area rise to 600 m and are covered by dense vegetation. The eastern margin is bounded by the Uru River. The Tawmaw area is characterized by very high rainfall and, due to the tropical climate, the rocks are highly weathered and covered by a reddish-brown soil of thickness a few metres to tens of metres. Fresh samples of jadeite can be collected only from mine sites or from stream courses. In the Tawmaw area jadeitite is quarried from both primary deposits and as …


Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are distinctive entities. However, due to overlapping morphologies, distinguishing them remains a diagnostic challenge. Our study investigates the utility of immunohistochemistry for nuclear lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) and paired box gene 8 (PAX8) in differentiating these 2 entities. LEF1 and PAX8 immunohistochemistry were performed on fine-needle aspiration cell blocks and surgical resection specimens diagnosed as SPN or PanNET at our institution from January 2007 to August 2016. Eight SPN and 25 PanNET cell blocks and 17 SPN and 34 PanNET surgical resection specimens were examined. On cell blocks, positive staining for LEF1 had high frequency, sensitivity, and specificity for SPN (88%, 88%, and 88%) as did positive staining for PAX8 for PanNET (76%, 76%, and 75%). The findings on surgical resection specimens were consistent with those from cell blocks (LEF1+ in SPN: 100%, 100%, and 97%; PAX8+ in PanNET: 59%, 59%, and 100%). A combined LEF1+/PAX8− phenotype showed high sensitivity and specificity for SPN (cell block: 63% and 100%; surgical specimen: 100% and 98%) as did a LEF1−/PAX8+ phenotype for PanNET (cell block: 64% and 100%; surgical specimen: 59% and 100%). SPN and PanNET exhibit opposite immunophenotypic profiles with LEF1+/PAX8− in SPN and LEF1−/PAX8+ in PanNET. The combination of these 2 stains provides an effective means of distinguishing these 2 entities.


Information communicated and produced by the government is essentially fundamental as the government is set and deemed as a reliable and a credible source of information. This study assessed the readability, comprehensibility, and document design of two brochures on prohibited drugs awareness, which were produced and distributed by the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB), a government agency that is responsible in instituting policies about the use of illegal drugs in the Philippines. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, a total number of 120 participants comprised of students, those employed, the unemployed, and drug patients from a rehabilitation center answered two 10-item multiple choice questionnaires and Likert scales to assess and evaluate the comprehensibility and document design of the two brochures. Using the Coh-Metrix tool to analyze the readability of the two brochures, results showed that the two existing brochures were not that readable with the huge discrepancy of the readability levels of the docments against the 9-10 normative values of the reading tool utilized.  The results of the participants' scores which were categorized as instructional or assisted level exhibited that the two brochures were not that comprehensible. Lastly, it was found that the designs of the documents were poor as some violations like small font size, pixelated pictures, and non-observance of color schemes were present. This paper argues that government agencies should produce information brochures that are patterned to the standards of Plain Language Movement in order to help the lay people grasp important information such as drug awareness.


This Precis entitled, From foodline to lifeline : rural roads in Morocco, complements the Bank's Operations and Evaluation Department (OED), Impact evaluation report, Morocco : Socioeconomic impact of rural roads, Report No. 15808, dated June 28, 1996. The evaluation found that better roads led to lower vehicle operating costs, resulting in less expensive public transport, basic household goods, and agricultural inputs. The lower costs of inputs, combined with year-round operability of roads, in turn stimulated a more efficient and profitable agricultural economy.


The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the contents of food and serum fatty acid components in Inner Mongolian. The subjects were 35 premenopausal women aged 35-49 (13 women from a city, 11 from a farming village, and 11 from a grassland area). By using the 24-hour recall method, we evaluated the contents of food and calculated the levels of fatty acid components in food. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the differences in levels of the content of food and fatty acid components in food among the 3 districts. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of the contents of food intake to serum fatty acid components. There were significant differences in levels of the contents of food and fatty acid components in food among the 3 districts. The contents of food significantly contributed to the serum levels of n-3 and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). These results indicated that, although the contents of food significantly influenced the serum levels of PUFA in Inner Mongolian, food contributing to the serum PUFA levels was different among the 3 districts.


With increasing amounts of oily water discharged from industrial and domestic sources, purifying oily emulsions using effective and eco-friendly methods is of great significance. Although functional membranes with selective wettabilities have been extensively explored for the efficient purification of oil-in-water emulsions, the development of functional membranes that use green and inexpensive materials, are simple to fabricate, and are easy to scale up remains very challenging. Herein, we report a simple approach that uses biomass to prepare a membrane for the purification of emulsions. A simple top-down approach was used to partially remove lignin and hemicellulose fractions in wood sheets, resulting in a highly porous and flexible wood membrane. The obtained wood membrane shows excellent water-absorbing and underwater anti-oil adhesion properties due to the removal of the hydrophobic lignin. The wood membrane is durable and stable, thereby maintaining its selective wettability in harsh environments. Selective wetting properties along with a porous structure enable the wood membrane to purify surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. Such a biomass-derived membrane, which is green, inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and scalable, along with its selective wettability and durability, shows great potential for use as a substitute for existing filter media in diverse industries.


A new representation of splines that targets efficiency in the analysis of functional data is implemented. The efficiency is achieved through two novel features: using the recently introduced orthonormal spline bases, the so-called {\it splinets} and accounting for the spline support sets in the proposed spline object representation. The recently-introduced orthogonal splinets are evaluated by {\it dyadic orthogonalization} of the $B$-splines. The package is built around the {\it Splinets}-object that represents a collection of splines. It treats splines as mathematical functions and contains information about the support sets and the values of the derivatives at the knots that uniquely define these functions. Algebra and calculus of splines utilize the Taylor expansions at the knots within the support sets. Several orthonormalization procedures of the $B$-splines are implemented including the recommended dyadic method leading to the splinets. The method bases on a dyadic algorithm that can be also viewed as the efficient method of diagonalizing a band matrix. The locality of the $B$-splines in terms of the support sets is, to a great extend, preserved in the corresponding splinet. This together with implemented algorithms utilizing locality of the supports provides a valuable computational tool for functional data analysis. The benefits are particularly evident when the sparsity in the data plays an important role. Various diagnostic tools are provided allowing to maintain the stability of the computations. Finally, the projection operation to the space of splines is implemented that facilitates functional data analysis. An example of a simple functional analysis of the data using the tools in the package is presented. The functionality of the package extends beyond the splines to piecewise polynomial functions, although the splines are its focus.


In hot climate areas, the electrical load in a building spikes, but not by the same amount daily due to various conditions. In order to cover the hottest day of the year, large cooling systems are installed, but are not fully utilized during all hot summer days. As a result, the investments in these cooling systems cannot be fully justified. A solution for more optimal use of the building cooling system is presented in this dissertation using Cool Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) deployed at a district level. Such CTES systems are charged overnight and the cool charge is dispatched as cool air during the day. The integration of the CTES helps to downsize the otherwise large cooling systems designed for the hottest day of the year. This reduces the capital costs of installing large cooling systems. However, one important question remains how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling load for the next day is fully met and at the same time the CTES charge is fully utilized during the day. The solution presented in this dissertation integrated the CTES with Photovoltaics (PV) power forecasting and building load forecasting at a district level for a more optimal charge/discharge management. A district comprises several buildings of different load profiles, all connected to the same cooling system with central CTES. The use of forecasting for both the PV and the building cooling load allows the building operator to more accurately determine how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling system and CTES can meet the cooling demand for the next day. Using this approach, the CTES would be optimally sized, and utilized more efficiently during the day. At the same time, peak load savings are achieved, thus benefiting an electric utility company. The district presented in this dissertation comprises PV panels and three types of buildings – a mosque, a clinic and an office building. In order to have a good estimation for the required CTES charge for the next day, reliable forecasts for the PV panel outputs and the electrical load of the three buildings are required. In the model developed for the current work, dust was introduced as a new input feature in all of the forecasting models to improve the models' accuracy. Dust levels play an important role in PV output forecasts in areas with high and variable dust values. The overall solution used both the PV panel forecasts and the building load forecasts to estimate the CTES charge for the next day. The presented method was tested against the baseline method with no forecasting system. Multiple scenarios were conducted with different cooling system sizes and different CTES capacities. Research findings indicated that the presented method utilized the CTES charge more efficiently than the baseline method. This led to more savings in the energy consumption at the district level. Strategies for Managing Cool Thermal Energy Storage with Day-ahead PV and Building Load Forecasting at a District Level Abdullah Alfadda General Audience Abstract In hot weather areas around the world, the electrical load in a building spikes because of the cooling load, but not by the same amount daily due to various conditions. In order to meet the demand of the hottest day of the year, large cooling systems are installed. However, these large systems are not fully utilized during all hot summer days. As a result, the investments in these cooling systems cannot be fully justified. A solution for more optimal use of the building cooling system is presented in this dissertation using Cool Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) deployed at a district level. Such CTES systems are charged overnight and the cool charge is dispatched as cool air during the day. The integration of the CTES helps to downsize the otherwise large cooling systems designed for the hottest day of the year. This reduces the capital costs of installing large cooling systems. However, one important question remains how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling load for the next day is fully met and at the same time the CTES charge is fully utilized during the day. The solution presented in this dissertation integrated the CTES with Photovoltaics (PV) power forecasting and building load forecasting at a district level for a more optimal charge/discharge management. A district comprises several buildings all connected to the same cooling system with central CTES. The use of the forecasting for both the PV and the building cooling load allows the building operator to more accurately determine how much of the CTES should be charged during the night, such that the cooling system and CTES can meet the cooling demand for the next day. Using this approach, the CTES would be optimally sized and utilized more efficiently. At the same time, peak load is lowered, thus benefiting an electric utility company.


We report on magneto-optical (MO) analysis on slightly overdoped single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 +x, focusing on the second-peak effect. In particular, we measure the local values of the virgin magnetisation, M, and, for the first time in BSCCO, at our best knowledge, of the local current density, J, as a function of the local magnetic induction field, Bz. Patterns clearly due to the second-peak effect are observed and mutually compared. From the same analysis repeated in different sample zones having the same size, it turns out that the second peak slightly shifts with the position inside the sample. The peak sharpness and depth decrease when the size of the considered region increases, whereas the peak disappears if the region includes several defects observable at the MO resolution. All the experimental evidences point towards a correlation between the second-peak effect and the local disorder at different scales.


Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease characterized by destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. In addition to conventional insulin treatment, islets transplantation represents an alternative and promising therapeutic approach to treat patients with T1D. Increasing evidences suggest that human placental lactogen (hPL), a polypeptide placental hormone, is able to promote islets survival and proliferation in vitro, however it is unknown its implication in vivo models. Therefore, in the present study, we used hPL isoform A (hPL-A) to evaluate the role of this hormone in murine engrafted islets. T1D was induced in C57BL6/J male mice by a single intraperitoneal high dose (180 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ). Collagenase p and a Histopaque 1110 gradient solution were used to isolate pancreatic islets. The anterior chamber of the eye was used to inject isolated islets. The engraftment was evaluated by confocal microscopy and immunohistochemical staining on section of the right and left eye. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was used to assess glucose tolerance in mice. First, we evaluated the engraftment of freshly isolated pancreatic islets. Iris dissections showed a positive staining for insulin and glucagon. Second, since 2 months after transplantation, STZ-treated mice injected with islets stimulated with hPL-A, showed an improvement in fed glycaemia compared to STZ-treated mice transplanted with islets alone, and non-transplanted STZ-treated mice, for a follow-up of 1 year. Furthermore, mice treated with hPL-A, showed GTT with a similar pattern to untreated control mice; islets vascularization and angiogenesis was showed using CD31. Taken together, present results provide evidence that hPL-A could have a long-term effect on islet graft function and survival through enhancing glucose homeostasis. Disclosure G. Donadel: None. R. Arriga: None. V. Marchetti: Employee; Self; STEMCELL Technologies. D. Pastore: None. A. Coppola: None. F. Pacifici: None. M. Scioli: None. A. Orlandi: None. D. Della-Morte: None. Funding Italian Ministry of Instruction University and Research; Fondazione Roma


Vascular traumatic is trauma to the blood vessels caused by blunt injuries such as a hard impact or penetrating injuries such as sharp object injuries, penetrating bullet shots. Massive haemorrhage is the main cause of vascular trauma, resulting in death. Therefore, prompt treatment is needed to avoid other complications or even death due to uncontrolled bleeding. Vascular surgeons are the key to trauma injury patients, by controlling bleeding and vascular reconstruction, using aspects of open and endovascular surgical techniques. Diagnostic protocols are needed to identify injuries and consider the best tactics for surgical treatment of vascular injuries. Accurate, non-invasive diagnostic imaging techniques are key to this strategy. The aim of this review is to determine the optimal diagnostic imaging in patients with suspected vascular injury in the anatomic region and the method of treatment with retrospective or prospective data collection which is preferable to CT angiography compared to other methods. CT angiography can be declared the gold standard for diagnosing vascular injury in patients.


Organizational performance is a complex issue given that performance is a multifaceted phenomenon whose components may have distinct managerial priorities and may even be mutually inconsistent. Recently, the balanced scorecard approach (BSC), as an effective multi-criteria evaluation concept received much attention in organizational performance measurement. Although the BSC conceptual framework has been widely accepted in the business community, the proper method of implementing the framework remains an issue. Hence, this study has developed a hybrid expert system composition of BSC, Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and fuzzy inference system (FIS) to evaluate the food producing companies. To this aim, this paper applied a graph theory based technique (DEMATEL) to determine critical criteria of BSC's perspectives. The results show that "Profit", "Customer satisfaction", "Customer communication", "Innovation management" and "Organizational asset management", are of more importance in performance evaluation. In the next step, these criteria shape a fuzzy rule based inference system with linguistic variables and the membership functions are adjusted by experts. The results of proposed approach in food industry of Guilan province, Iran, show its applicability for evaluating the food companies.


Typical hybrid microcircuits (HMC's) manufactured at the Bendix Corporation, Kansas City, MO, contain 100 beam lead devices and gold ribbon crossovers. Verification for the presence of these applique components historically has been done manually by comparing a visual aid to the HMC. All HMC's were verified visually, a process requiring 4-5 min/HMC. Approximately 12 percent of the defects were missed. A system has been developed for automatically verifying the presence of beam lead devices and ribbon crossovers. The component verification system (CVS) includes a minicomputercontrolled X-Y stage which indexes the HMC below a vidicon camera. The camera is interfaced to the computer through a video digitizer. Bendix-developed software uses the equipment capabilities to magnify and project a 5.l-mm2 area onto a 177.8-mm2screen with the image data points addressable in a 512 by 480 line matrix. The image analysis software determines component presence based on data point brightness. The CVS can verify beam lead device and crossover presences on a typical. HMC in fewer than 30 s. The part identification of any missing part is printed as an aid to rework. The CVS has reduced the time needed for component verification and has improved verification accuracy.


Thus, in the fourth chapter, we have, in the persons of Cain and Abel, the first examples of a religious man of the world, and of a genuine man of faith. Born, as they were, outside of Eden, and being the sons of fallen Adam, they could have nothing, natural, to distinguish them, one from the other. They were both sinners. Both had a fallen nature. Neither was innocent. It is well to be clear in reference to this, in order that the reality of divine grace, and the integrity of faith, may be fully and distinctly seen. If the distinction between Cain and Abel were founded in nature, then it follows, as an inevitable conclusion, that they were not the partakers of the fallen nature of their father, nor the participators in the circumstances of his fall; and, hence, there could be no room for the display of grace, and the exercise of faith.


Understanding the behavior of transient two phase refrigerant flow is an important aspect of implementing vapor compression systems in future aerospace applications. Pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are important parameters that guide the design process, and are influenced by flow regime. Published two phase flow models rely heavily on a priori knowledge of the current two phase flow conditions including flow regime. Additional complications arise when applying published correlations to a range of systems because each correlation is based on a specific set of experimental conditions, including working fluid, flow orientation, channel size, and channel shape. Non-intrusive measurement techniques provide important advantages while measuring the behavior of two phase flow systems.A two phase flow experimental test rig has been developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory, providing a closed loop refrigeration system capable of producing flow regimes from bubbly through annular flow. Two phase flow is produced by pumping subcooled R134a through a heat exchanger with 40 minichannels into an adiabatic transparent fused quartz observation channel with a hydraulic diameter of 7 mm. Refrigerant mass flux is varied from 100–400 kg/m2s with a heat flux from 0–15.5 W/cm2. Temperatures ranged from 18–25 °C and pressures between 550–750 kPa. The data from high speed pressure transducers were analyzed using standard signal processing techniques to identify the different flow regimes. Initial results indicate that different flow regimes can be identified from their pressure signature. In addition, real-time void fraction measurements were taken using Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). This paper describes the process behind ECT systems used to measure two phase flow conditions. Comparisons with high speed video assess the accuracy of ECT measurements in identifying various two phase flow conditions. Results indicate variations between ECT and high speed images, however, enough information is provided to create flow pattern maps and regime identification for different superficial vapor and liquid velocities.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


We analyze the origin and character of dynamical effects in electron tunneling in planar metal?insulator?metal systems evaluating semiclassically a path integral expression for the tunneling amplitude. A transparent connection between the interaction of the tunneling electron with the quantized charge fluctuations and the effective one-electron potential is made. For the first time a comparison between the local and nonlocal parts of the effective potential for the electron tunneling for zero and finite temperatures is explicitly analyzed in a single approach. The situations when local and nonlocal parts, always of opposite sign, are comparable in strength are found and discussed.


Studies were undertaken to clarify the roles of individual leukocyte populations in maintaining the presence and organization of splenic dendritic cells (DCs). Using Abs specific for DC subsets, we found that the distinct types of DC maintained appropriate compartmentalization within the white pulp of lymphocyte-deficient mice despite an unusual overall distribution of DCs. Even in mice lacking both B and T lymphocytes, the central arteriole remained the structure around which T area DCs were organized. Marginal zone area DCs remained in a peripheral sheath excluded from the T area DCs. Additionally, we revealed an important role for splenic B cells in the presence and organization of marginal zone cells. B-deficient or B- and T-deficient mice lacked sialoadhesin+ marginal zone macrophages and lacked MAdCAM-1 expression in marginal zone reticular endothelial cells. Adoptive transfer of B lymphocytes induced MAdCAM-1 expression but failed to recruit marginal zone macrophages. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the arrival, localization, and persistence of DCs in spleen are events not solely dependent upon signals from the mature B and T cells or marginal zone macrophages. We suggest that specific stromal elements in the vicinity of the central arteriole are primarily responsible for providing directional cues to the DC.


The Bayesian can express the conditionally independence conveniently,but in appliactions it can't handle causally independence easily. The Noisy OR model can express causally independence well,but the limitation of the Noisy OR model blocks the widely use of itself. In this paper,we present the extension of the Bayesian Network based on independence. Our new model generalizes the Bayesian Networks to handle causally independence properly,and simplifies the conditionally probability table. Experimental results show the availability of our new model.


In chronic experiences on 5 rabbits subjected to airmentary deprivation, impulse activity of the chewing muscles before and after the food was given to them was studied. It has been established, that flashes of bruxism nonoperiodically arise in rabbits in conditions of hunger and satiation and are shown in electric activity of masseter and mylohyoideus muscles in the form of burst type phase impulse activity of MU. Bruxism in conditions of hunger and satiation reflects in the same type way in structure of the time organization of impulse activity of the chewing muscles in the form of bimodal distributions of interpulse intervals and monomodal distributions of periods of the burst type rhythmic of action potentials. The alimentary motivation exerts inhibitory modulating influence on frequency of phase discharge activity of chewing center motoneurons in medulla oblongata and frequency of generation of the action potentials' bursts by the chewing muscles participating in bruxism. Impulse activity of chewing muscles during bruxism and food intake behaviour has the same-type character. Bruxism arises due to reorganization of the impulse activity of chewing center motoneurons innervating masseter and mylohyoideus muscles. There is no basis to suppose the presence of the special center of bruxism in medulla oblongata.Bruxism in rabbits an be considered as natural model of the first type bruxism in man.


Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the foremost cause of death in women as well as in men, although the onset of the CHD is earlier on the average in men. Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation of serum lipids and lipoproteins levels in male and female survivor of first attack of myocardial infarction of various age groups. Place and duration of study: cardiology ward at B.V.H. Bahawalpur 1989 to 1990. Materials and Methods: A total number of 128 patients of myocardial infarction (108 males, 20 females) were selected for study from those who were admitted in coronary care unit. Serum lipids, lipoproteins, relative body weight and blood pressure were assessed in 108 male and 20 female survivorsof first attack of myocardial infarction of various age groups. Results: The majority of patients fall in middle aged category. The mean age and weights were almost similar for patient groups and controls. Generally, there was a significant rise in the mean values of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL. The patients of various age groups were also found to have significantly higher levels of VLDLcholesterol,LDL cholesterol and significantly lower levels of HDL-cholesterol than those of control groups Conclusion: HDL-C can be inferred as a marker or predictor of risk of CHD in woman .It has an inverse association with the incidence of CHD in both men and women. It was also conclusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction age was a powerful independent predictor of in-hospital mortality and complications. Suggestion: It is suggested that work may be extended by the comparative study of Troponin with Myoglobin. Which may be used as marker for acute myocardial.


Background: Pathologic changes in the motor cortex and corticospinal tracts in ALS may be reflected by abnormal signal intensities on conventional MRI. The sensitivity of these changes in detecting underlying pathology remains unclear. Method: The authors used automated image analysis to quantify volumes of cerebral gray and white matter in 16 patients with ALS (eight limb onset, eight bulbar onset) and eight normal controls. Previously they had demonstrated a reduction in N-acetyl aspartate/creatine + phosphocreatine (NAA/[Cr + PCr]) measured by 1H-MRS in the subcortical white matter in the motor cortex region in the patients with bulbar-onset ALS. To determine whether this resulted from axonal degeneration, they also compared gray and white matter volumes in the patients with limb- and bulbar-onset ALS. Results: There were no differences in the total brain volumes of gray or white matter for the three subject groups (p > 0.23). Comparison of the total ALS group and controls revealed localized deficits in gray matter volume centered on Brodmann areas 8, 9, and 10 bilaterally. Comparison of the patients with limb- and bulbar-onset ALS revealed deficits in the white matter volume in the bulbar-onset group, extending bilaterally from the precentral gyrus into the internal capsule and brainstem, consistent with the course of the corticospinal tract. There was no loss in gray matter volume in the precentral gyri. Conclusions: The loss of gray matter in the frontal regions (total ALS group) provides further support that ALS is a multisystem disorder. In addition, there is in vivo evidence of axonal degeneration in the subcortical white matter in the motor region in patients with bulbar-onset ALS. This is consistent with a "dying back" process affecting cortical motoneurons in bulbar-onset ALS.


Study Design. A case report. Objective. The objective of this article was to report a case of bilateral lumbar discal cysts and discuss the clinical, radiological, and surgical findings. Summary of Background Data. Discal cysts are rare lesions and to our knowledge there has been no report on multiple discal cysts at one disc level. Methods. The patient's history, clinical examination, imaging findings, and treatment were reported. Results. We reported on the case of a 33-year-old woman with left lower back and lower extremity pain. Neurological imagings demonstrated bilateral cysts at the L4-L5 disc level. She underwent left partial hemilaminectomy at the L4-L5 level and microscopic resection of the left cyst. The cyst contained bloody serous fluid. A connection between the cyst wall and the L4-L5 intervertebral disc and a small laceration in the annulus fibrosus were identified. Histologic examination revealed a cyst lined by fibrous connective tissue without synovium. Her symptoms improved remarkably immediately after surgery. Follow-up imaging 3 months after the operation showed that the bilateral cysts had completely disappeared. Conclusion. This is the first reported case of bilateral discal cysts at one disc level. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated rounded cysts on both sides of the posterior longitudinal ligament, which suggests that the discal cysts in our case were unlikely to have developed from an epidural hematoma. Partial hemilaminectomy and microscopic resection of the left cyst lead to complete regression of the bilateral cysts. This suggests that there was a communication between the two cysts via the intervertebral disc and that the content of the right cyst passed from the cyst to the disc.


Abstract. Global economic production – the world gross domestic product (GDP) – has been rising steadily relative to global primary energy demands, lending hope that technological advances can drive a gradual decoupling of society from its resource needs and associated environmental pollution. Here we present a contrasting argument: in each of the 50 years following 1970 for which reliable data are available, 1 exajoule of world energy was required to sustain each 5.50±0.21 trillion year 2019 US dollars of a global wealth quantity defined as the cumulative inflation-adjusted economic production summed over all history. No similar scaling was found to apply between energy consumption and the more familiar quantities of yearly economic production, capital formation, or physical capital. Considering that the scaling has held over half a century, a period that covers two-thirds of the historical growth in world energy demands, the implication is that inertia plays a far more dominant role in guiding societal trajectories than has generally been permitted in macroeconomics models or by policies that prescribe rapid climate mitigation strategies. If so, environmental impacts will remain strongly tethered to even quite distant past economic production – an unchangeable quantity. As for the current economy, it will not in fact decouple from its resource needs. Instead, simply maintaining existing levels of world inflation-adjusted economic production will require sustaining growth of energy consumption at current rates.


The present status of laboratory research in trachoma is summarized. The principal factors which have retarded research on this disease have been the lack of a suitable experimental animal and the failure of tissue-culture methods to provide serial cultures of the virus. Some avenues of investigation for the future are suggested.


We report for the time a patient with recurrence of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) following renal transplantation. Our patient was diagnosed at the age of 8 years and, despite treatment with systemic steroids, developed established renal failure. At the age of 17 years, he underwent a live-related donor renal transplant. Immunosuppression included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone. Having had normal renal function for 3 years after transplantation, he developed uveitis and decline in the graft function. A biopsy of the allograft demonstrated recurrent granulomatous interstitial nephritis. The recurrence of TINU following transplantation suggests a role for circulating autoantibodies in the disease pathology.


AbstractSomething Aristotle calls 'right logos' plays a crucial role in his theory of virtue. But the meaning of 'logos' in this context is notoriously contested. I argue against the standard translation 'reason', and—drawing on parallels with Plato's work, especially the Laws—in favor of its being used to denote what transforms an inferior epistemic state into a superior one: an explanatory account. Thus Aristotelian phronēsis, like his and Plato's technē and epistēmē, is a matter of grasping explanatory accounts: in this case, accounts that identify the right action and say why it is right. Arguably, Aristotelian rationality is a matter of being able to grasp accounts in general.


In this work, utilizing a dynamic imine exchange, we develop a selective etching strategy to construct porous polymer nanosphere precursors, which can be subsequently carbonized into hierarchical porous carbon nanospheres (PCNPs) co-doped with both N and P elements. Our strategy to construct polymer precursors is simple, suitable to various aldehyde and amino building blocks and easy to incorporate heteroatoms into the carbon matrix. Importantly, by simply adjusting the concentration of the etching agent, PCNPs with micro- and meso-pores or even hollow structures can be controllably fabricated. The as-prepared PCNPs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with the highest specific capacitances of 359.5 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and 224.0 F g−1 at 20 A g−1 under acidic conditions (1 M H2SO4). The cycling stability of the PCNPs is also attractive, with a capacitance retention of ∼95% after 5000 cycles. Semi-solid-state supercapacitors assembled using PCNPs as electrodes and H2SO4/PVA as a gel electrolyte exhibit specific capacitances up to 226.7 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and 126.0 F g−1 at 20 A g−1.


LoRa is a chirp spread-spectrum modulation developed for the Internet of Things (IoT). In this work, we examine the performance of LoRa in the presence of both additive white Gaussian noise and interference from another LoRa user. To this end, we extend an existing interference model, which assumes perfect alignment of the signal of interest and the interference, to the more realistic case where the interfering user is neither chip- nor phase-aligned with the signal of interest and we derive an expression for the error rate. We show that the existing aligned interference model overestimates the effect of interference on the error rate. Moreover, we prove two symmetries in the interfering signal and we derive low-complexity approximate formulas that can significantly reduce the complexity of computing the symbol and frame error rates compared to the complete expression. Finally, we provide numerical simulations to corroborate the theoretical analysis and to verify the accuracy of our proposed approximations.


UNLABELLED
Various studies on humans and experimental mammals showed that d-sotalol and tedisamil (class III antiarrhythmic drugs with positive inotropic effect) facilitate spontaneous ventricular defibrillation. Following our previous results, we summarized that spontaneous ventricular defibrillation requires high level of intercellular coupling and synchronization, both of which depends on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. We hypothesized that any antiarrhythmic compound that facilitates spontaneous defibrillation, including d-sotalol and tedisamil, should prevent intracellular free Ca2+ overload most likely by elevating cAMP level and enhancing cAMP-related Ca2+ uptake of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the SR uptake function in their effect against Ca2+ overload.

METHODS
The effect of d-sotalol, tedisamil and dbcAMP on increased intracellular Ca2+ level were examined in cultured rat cardiomyocytes during blockade of SR Ca2+ uptake by administration of thapsigargin (TG), a selective inhibitor of Ca2+-ATPase.

RESULTS
Administration of 3 x 10(-6) mol/l TG, prior to d-sotalol, tedisamil and dbcAMP, significantly increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and prevented the effect of d-sotalol, tedisamil or dbcAMP to decrease intracellular Ca2+ level to its beseline, while 10(-6) mol/l TG prevented it only partially. Administration of either d-sotalol or tedisamil (at concentration of 10(-5) mol/l) before the administration of 10(-6) mol/l TG prevent the TG induced elevation of [Ca2+]i.

CONCLUSION
These results support our hypothesis that d-sotalol and tedisamil prevent Ca2+ overload by the cAMP dependent SR Ca2+ uptake.


This study examined the composition of woody species in a mixed mesophytic forest in the central Appalachian region with respect to both time and different disturbance regimes. Species composition and diversity were assessed from 1856 to 1997 on a tract of land that currently is part of the Fernow Experimental Forest in north-central West Virginia. Additionally, the effect of different silvicultural disturbances are described using inventory data from four silvicultural demonstration areas initiated in 1948. These areas included a commercial clearcut, diameter- limit harvesting, single-tree selection, and an area that has not been artificially manipulated since initial logging around the turn of the century (ca 1907). Witness tree data from early land surveys (1856 and 1915) conducted in the same watershed were used to gain some insight into species frequency prior to and after initial logging. A forest inventory conducted in 1922 provided a more detailed description of the vegetation in the vicinity of the post-1948 stand data. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index was calculated based on species importance values for all time periods and management activities. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to assess differences in composition related to time and management activity. Data from old-growth (1856), early second-growth (1915 and 1922), and more mature second-growth stands were well separated in ordination space. A decline in species diversity from a high in 1922 to a low in 1997 appears to be driving this separation. Diversity declined primarily due to a reduction in evenness, which was significantly correlated with increasing importance of Acer saccharum. Relative A. saccharum importance is increasing in both the overstory and understory for all disturbance regimes. The increasing dominance of this species with time, regardless of stand age or disturbance regime evaluated, may be unprecedented and suggests new silvicultural techniques are needed to maintain the diversity of central Appalachian forests.


In two studies conducted during the 2012 U.S. presidential election, we sought to determine whether the relative ascription of the American identity to Barack Obama and Mitt Romney was distinct from attitudinal responses and from associations about racial categories. We also tested the degree to which these associations accounted for voter support. In both studies, participants completed a series of Implicit Association Tests and reported their intention to vote for and their willingness to support these candidates. In contrast to implicit associations about racial categories (Black vs. White), Obama was implicitly seen as more American and elicited a more favorable implicit evaluation than Romney (Study 1). At the same time, these effects were reduced when candidates were categorized based on their racial (rather than personal) identity (Study 2). Implicit associations about the candidates (but not racial categories) accounted for intention to vote for them and relative willingness to support them over and above the effect of political orientation (Studies 1 & 2). These findings suggest that the implicit ascription of a national identity is an important facet of presidential elections.


—We studied the effects of using industrial steel solid wastes resulted from lathes to enhance the compressive strength of concrete. In average, 3-4 Kg/lathe of steel waste fibers are produced on daily basis. Such steel waste can be recycled in order to mitigate its environmental hazards. Moreover, using it to reinforce concrete is a feasible and sustainable solution. Six (6) concrete cube specimens were casted with (1% and 2%, in terms of concrete weight) and without steel waste then tested under compression. Also, the workability of the casted fresh concrete with different ratios of steel waste (0%, 1%, and 2%) was estimated utilizing the slump test. The results shows that adding lathes steel waste fibers to plain concrete enhances its compressive strength while the workability of the fresh concrete containing the steel waste fibers decreases.


This research reveals ICT uses in Ekiti preschool education and explores this use of ICT for science education. This case study is part of a wider research project concerning the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for teaching main natural science's concepts and mathematics in early year's classroom. The study was conducted during 2013-2014 school year and pupils participated in the study. The integration of ICT into preschool education has become a high priority for everybody involved in the learning process. The Mathematics and Science Achievement Test was given to pupils and semi-structured interviews with young children were conducted in 16 preschool classes in Ekiti state. Pupils in the control group received only the traditional science instruction about natural sciences (solubility, recycling) and mathematical concepts (comparison, classification and general knowledge of numbers). Pupils in the experimental group received only the science instruction with the use of ICT for the same topics. Both the experimental and the control groups consisted of classes from the same participating schools. The incorporation of ICT in early year's classes in private schools in Ekiti state should be considered as a means of an obligatory modernization of learning and teaching methods.The results of the research showed that teaching and learning through ICT as an innovative teaching method can be successful for understanding the concept of numbers and natural sciences phenomena at preschool level. Keywords : Preschool Education, Mathematics, Solubility, Recycling, ICT.


Background Aging process is associated with central auditory changes, which may explain some understanding difficulties in elderly. It may be evaluated with the dichotic digits (DD) test, a widely used experimental paradigm for studying interhemispheric interactions. Purpose This study was performed to evaluate dichotic integration ability in the elderly and children populations by comparing it with adults who acted as reference. Research design The study design was a cross-sectional one. It was conducted in Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Demerdash Hospital, Audiology Unit, for a period of 4 years. The study comprised 75 participants divided into three groups: the adult group, the elderly group, and the pediatric group. Data collection and analysis Basic Audiological Evaluation and the DD test in the free recall condition were carried out in all participants. Results Results of this study suggest that central auditory processing concerning dichotic integration is different in children and elderly individuals when compared with adults. Moreover, there was no significant difference between elderly patients and children. The age had a direct correlation with DD test scores in children, but an inverse correlation in the elderly. Conclusion Dichotic integration as measured using the DD test is similar in the elderly and children, but in opposite directions with regard to its change with age progress.


Under English law, prior to 1970 young people up to the age of 21 lacked the capacity to make binding contracts, subject to certain exceptions. The report of the Latey Committee on the Age of Majority, which had recommended a reduction to age 18, was one-sided and, so far as capacity to make contracts was concerned, offered scant evidence as to the motivations of the existing law. The Committee heard evidence from the Church asserting, with no evidence, that such rules were intended to control young people and were there to protect the interests of others. This article argues, especially from analysis of the relevant case law during the 18th and 19th centuries - the principle period of development of English jurisprudence on minors' contracts - that the law's motivation had in reality been to protect infants from themselves and from adults who sought to prey on their naivety and impulsiveness.


Abstract. Providing high accuracy in quantitative extreme precipitation forecasting (QEPF) is still a challenge. California is vulnerable to extreme precipitation, which occurs due to atmospheric rivers and might be more intense with climate change. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to evaluate the extreme precipitation forecasting performance of a QPF model, the Weather Research and Forecast Model, version 3.1.7, for the extreme precipitation event that caused the 1997 New Year's flood in California. Sensitivities of 19 microphysics schemes are tested by utilizing 18 various Goodness of Fit (GoF) tests for hourly and point-wise comparisons between 3-km horizontal domain resolution simulations of the WRF Model and observations. The results indicate that the coefficient of persistence (cp) is the first metric that needs to be evaluated because it determines whether simulation versus observation values are reasonable. Comparisons of 3 out of 8 stations in the American River Watershed passed this test. The results also show that Normalized Root Mean Square Errors (NRMSE) and Percent Bias (PBIAS) metrics are more representative than others due to their ability to discriminate model performances. Further, microphysics (MP) schemes are also significantly sensitive to location. Although 3 of the stations that passed the cp test are quite near to each other spatially, different MP schemes become prominent for different observation locations. For instance, for the ALP station, MP3, MP8, MP17, and MP28 indicate better performances, whereas the errors of MP3, MP8, MP9, and MP17 are less than other MPs for the BTA station. However, MP11 has the only reasonable results, according to cp values for the CAP station. The MPs are also evaluated for 72-hr and basin-averaged precipitation estimations of the WRF Model by means of true percent relative errors. The results show that the accuracy of the WRF Model is much higher for the 72-hr total basin-averaged evaluations than for the hourly and point-wise comparisons. Thus, the Thompson Scheme (MP8) indicates more trustworthy results than others, with a 3.1 % true percent relative error. Although WRF simulations overestimate the 72-hr basin-averaged precipitation for most of the MP schemes, this may not be pronounced for moderate, heavy, and extreme precipitation when hourly and point-wise evaluations are performed but is valid for light precipitation.


A Quasi Z-Source (qZS) network has been utilized in a B4 inverter topology to provide voltage boosting effect by turning on the upper and lower switches simultaneously which is known as zero shoot-through states. However, the design of a qZS B4 inverter is not as straightforward as adding a qZS LC impedance network to the front-end of a B4 inverter. This is because there is no zero vectors available in a B4 inverter topology to insert the shoot through zero states, as in the case of a B6 inverter. This paper proposes a new Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique for a qZS B4 inverter. Additional zero vectors have been appropriately added and distributed in the proposed SVM to avoid altering the existing volt-sec per switching cycle for the existing active vectors. The voltage vectors switching placement is carefully designed in order to enable the voltage boosting effect for this topology without altering the initial output voltage. In addition, an approach to compensate the DC-link voltage ripple has also been taken into consideration in its initial calculation to achieve balanced output voltage. The performance of the proposed modulation technique is verified using MATLAB/Simulink. It is shown that by using the proposed modulation technique, there is an overall improvement on the line to line output voltage where by it is able to produce balanced output voltages for the three-phase loads with or without boosting effect.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Various genetic, individual, and environmental factors are associated with this disease. Today, the role of environmental and geographical factors has been considered. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the cumulative incidence and geographical distribution of colorectal cancer in Khuzestan province.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was performed ecologically to determine the cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer and its geographical distribution in Khuzestan province between 2011 and 2019. The required information was extracted from the cancer registration program of the Ministry of Health and after refinement and replication.

RESULTS
The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer in Khuzestan province between 2011 and 2019 was estimated at 40.18 per 100 000 people. The highest cumulative incidence was related to Ahvaz city (95.87 per 100 000 people) and the lowest was related to DashtAzadegan city (25.35 per 100 000 people). The highest cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer, based on climate conditions, is in dry geographical areas (63.77 per 100 000 people), based on average annual rainfall, is in areas with an average rainfall of 100-200 mm (66.28 per 100 000 people), and based on land use, belonged to areas with agricultural use (74.57 per 100 000 people).

CONCLUSION
The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively high in Khuzestan province. The cumulative incidence of the disease was higher in the central regions of the province than in other regions. Also, based on geographical areas, the cumulative incidence of the disease was higher in areas with arid climates, the average rainfall was 100-200 mm, and in areas with agricultural land use.


An accurate reconstruction of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is essential in order to develop an understanding of ice-sheet responses to global climate changes. However, the erosive nature of ice-sheet expansion and the difficulty of accessing much of Antarctica make it challenging to obtain field-based evidence of ice-sheet and sea-level changes before the Last Glacial Maximum. Limited sedimentary records from Lützow-Holm and Prydz Bays in East Antarctica demonstrate that the sea level during Marine Isotope Stage 3 was close to the present level despite the global sea-level drop lower than –40 m. We demonstrate glacial isostatic adjustment modeling with refined Antarctic Ice Sheet loading histories. Our experiments reveal that the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet would have been required to experience excess ice loads before the Last Glacial Maximum in order to explain the observed sea-level highstands during Marine Isotope Stage 3. As such, we suggest that the Antarctic Ice Sheet partly reached its maximum thickness before the global Last Glacial Maximum.


The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded tumour-associated latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene expression is transactivated by EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) in human B cells. We have previously identified a cyclic AMP-responsive element (CRE) in the B95-8 LMP1 promoter that is essential for transcription activation. Sequencing of LMP1 promoter in the P3HR1-derived EREB2.5 cell line revealed 25 single base pair substitutions in comparison to the B95-8 virus, one of them localized in the CRE element. Sequence variations in this element have been identified in several EBV isolates of both African and Asian origins. The effect of the P3HR1 CRE site variation on binding of factors to the LMP1 promoter sequence (LRS) and promoter activation was investigated with electrophoretic mobility-shift assays and reporter gene transfection assays. ATF1 and CREB1 transcription factors bound with reduced efficiency to the P3HR1 variant and below the detection level to the other tested variants. Accordingly, reporter plasmids carrying the P3HR1 CRE sequence in a B95-8 LRS context displayed 50 % lower activity in all tested cell lines. The impaired ability to activate transcription caused by the C to A substitution in CRE was not apparent when the mutated site was placed in a P3HR1 LRS context and the reporter transfected into Jijoye cells, most likely as a consequence of the other base pair substitutions in P3HR1 LRS. Overall, our results suggest that the mutations in the LRS CRE site have been conserved to adjust LMP1 expression to levels that favour cell survival in certain cellular and environmental contexts.


The present study investigated myocardial T2* heterogeneity in thalassaemia major (TM) patients by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), to determine whether is related to inhomogeneous iron overload distribution. A total of 230 TM patients consecutively referred to our laboratory were studied retrospectively. Three short‐axis views (basal, medium and apical) of the left ventricle (LV) were obtained by multislice multiecho T2* CMR. T2* segmental distribution was mapped on a 16‐segment LV model. The level of heterogeneity of the T2* segmental distribution, evaluated by the coefficient of variation (CoV), was compared with that of a surrogate data set, to determine whether the inhomogeneous segmental distribution of T2* could be generated by susceptibility artefacts. Susceptibility artefacts offer an explanation for the T2* heterogeneity observed in patients without iron overload. In subjects with global T2* below the lower limit of the normal, T2* heterogeneity increased abruptly which could not be explained by artefactual effects. Some segmental T2* values were below and others above the limit of normal threshold (20 ms) in 104 (45%) TM patients. Among these patients, 74% showed a normal T2* global value. In conclusion, a true heterogeneity in the iron overload distribution may be present in TM patients. Heterogeneity seemingly appears in the borderline myocardial iron and stabilizes at moderate to severe iron burden. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The paper briefly presents an original method for design of inhomogeneous thin films which takes into consideration from the beginning the finite character of the optical thickness. At the beginning, the best solution is obtained in terms of the value of a complex function on a certain spectral grid. At the second step, the design is converted in terms of refractive index profile. Special care is taken to minimize the variations of this profile. Then, a program using this method, written as Windows application, is described together with a design example providing a spectral dependence of the reflectance having the shape of Romanian Athenaeum building.


Dietary avocado meal (AM) may improve growth and muscle fatty acid composition in pigs due to the expression of genes. Transcriptome analysis of Longissimus dorsi muscle and liver and the effect of 0, 5 and 10 % AM in the feed of Landrace-Yorkshire pigs on growth, carcass, muscle fatty acid composition and blood metabolites were evaluated. Twenty-four castrated males with an initial weight of 55 ± 3 kg were distributed under a completely random design. Transcriptome analysis was carried out with massive sequencing, with EdgeR and DESeq2 methods for differentially gene expression (DGE; P ≤ 0.01, log2 fold change ≤ 1.5). We observed higher DGE in both tissues, with down log2 fold change, by including 5 or 10 % AM in the diet against AM0. Genes associated with lipid metabolism (down ANO3; up GOS2, MYLIP, PLIN4), growth (down FOS, MT1A, MT1D, PHGDH; up ARNTL) circadian clock (down DBP, NOCT, PER1, PER2, PER3, SIK1; up ARNTL), immune system (down CD163, CRP, OTUD1; up C1QTNF7, NFIL3) and antioxidative activity (up HP and NCF4) were observed.  The inclusion of AM in the diets increased daily gain, feed intake, slaughtered body weight, carcass weight and ham (P < 0.05). Back fat was greater for AM10 (P < 0.001). AM in the diet decreased intramuscular fat and had less triglycerides in the blood (P < 0.05). AM10 in the diet modified the gene expression and quality of the IMF, had more linoleic acid, total fatty acids Ω6, ∑polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA/SFA, and PUFA/MUFA (P < 0.001)


An isolated perfused rat lung preparation (IPL) is described and its physiologic status is evaluated. The evaluation includes light and electron microscopy after perfusion and estimations of substrate utilization. ATP content, lactate production, and incorporation of glucose carbons into lipids and CO2. It is concluded that the IPL is useful for short-term metabolic and physiologic experiments and offers some unique advantages in evaluating effects of reactive gases upon lung function. ImagesFIGURE 2.FIGURE 3.FIGURE 4.FIGURE 5.


The paper reports on the synthesis and fluorescence characteristics of novel 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore. It was configured as a "fluorophore-spacerreceptor" system able to act as a pH-probe via PET (photoinduced electron transfer) fluorescence sensing mechanism. Due to the tertiary amine receptor the novel probe showed "off-on" switching properties under the transition from alkaline to acid media. Also, the ability of the probe to detect metal ions in water/ dimethylformamide (1:1, v/v) has been evaluated by monitoring the changes of its fluorescence intensity. Among the tested metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Fe3+) only the presence of Fe3+ was efficiently detected by fluorescence quenching mechanism.


Since the pioneering work by Tong (1978, 1983), threshold time series modelling and its applications have become increasingly important for research in economics and finance. A number of books and a vast number of research papers published in this area have been motivated by Tong's threshold models. The goal of this paper is to give a through review on the development of the family of threshold time series model in finance and to provide a streamlined approach to financial time series analysis. It covers threshold modeling, nonlinearity tests, statistical inference, diagnostic checking, and model selection, as well as applications of the threshold autoregressive model and its generalizations in finance.


The current study aims to clarify, clarify relationship between overlapping waves strategy (WS), as an independent variable in organizational excellence(OE) as a responsive variable, in community of Iraqi Tourism Authority with research variables and their dimensions. first variable included ( sub-dimensions (strategic orientation, genius leadership (GL), future management, knowledge leadership). second variable included four sub-dimensions (leadership excellence(LE), strategic excellence(SE), human resources excellence, operations and services excellence(SE), these variables interacted to form the general framework around which study problem revolves, which revolved around nature of relationship, influence in each of waves' strategy intertwined with (OE) through main question of study problem (Does overlapping (WS) affect (OE)? As it included headquarters of application of current research on (community of departments of Iraqi Tourism Authority), as it was applied to a sample of senior leaders. questionnaire was supplemented with data, observations, limited interviews, thus, through current study, we reached a set of theoretical , practical conclusions that indicated the validity of hypotheses, embodied by impact of overlapping (WS) in (OE), directly , indirectly.


In Newtonian gravitational physics, as currently understood, the spin of a gravitating body has no effect on the nature of the gravitational field emergent from this gravitating body. This position has been questioned by the Azimuthally Symmetric Theory of Gravitation (ASTG-model; in Nyambuya $2010$). From the ASTG-model -- which is a theory resulting from the consideration of the azimuthally symmetric solutions of the well known and well accepted Poisson-Laplace equation for gravitation, it has been argued that it is possible to explain the unexpected perihelion shift of Solar planetary orbits. However, as it stands in the present, the ASTG-model suffers from the apparent diabolic defect that there are unknown parameters ($\lambda$'s) in the theory that up to now have not been able to be adequately deduced from theory. If this defect is not taken care of, it would consume the theory altogether, bringing it to a complete standstill, to nothing but an obsolete theory. Effort in resolving this defect has been made in the genesis reading of the theory \textit{i.e.} in \cite{nyambuya10a}. This initial effort in trying to resolve this problem is not complete. In this short reading, we present what we believe is a significant improvement to the resolution of this problem. If this effort proves itself correct, then the ASTG-model is set on a sure pedal to make predictions without having to relay on observations to deduce these unknown parameters. Other than resolving the $\lambda$-parameter problem, this reading is designed to serve as an exposition of the ASTG-model as it currently stands.


The purpose of present paper is to Determine the effect of test expectaancy and word frequency(high and low) on recall and recognition memory. 48 university student in 2 groups were first induced to expect a RCL or a RGN test and then were asked to remember a critical list consisting of both high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) words(15 HF- 15LF). Following audio presentation of the critical list. different groups received either an expected RCL test, an unexpected RCL test, an expected RGN test, or an unexpected RGN test. Results showed that recall and recognition had meaningful difrents.HF word were better in both recall and recognition. There were not effect of different test expectatancy in recall and recognition. The data indicate that LF_HF test expectatancy had not advantage on unexpectatancy test.


In this paper, we introduce middleware architecture to support hybrid thread level parallelism on heterogeneous multicore architectures, called Heterothread. Heterothread constructs a hierarchical level model for user programming and parallel task execution dataflow. Heterothread can provide unified programming interfaces which allow applications remain the same when the physical hardware (CPU, GPU, DSP and FPGA) is reconfigured or migrated. Consequently it can meet the real-time demands more efficiently than most state-of-the-art operating systems. A prototype has been built on FPGA to demonstrate Heterothread can achieve significant speedups against Linux kernels.