150 Bosnian war refugees (100 men and 50 women) were followed for 12 months by means of a brief screening procedure to determine prevalence and course of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. 88 men and 18 women had spent some time in Serbian concentration camps before arriving in Norway. A short check list for interview and a simple self-assessment questionnaire based on stressor and symptom criteria for post-traumatic stress disorders according to DSM-III-R were used three times. The number of persons with a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder remained high throughout the period of observation. The presented diagnostic approach was compared with a comprehensive, standardized diagnostic test battery applied in a similar population of refugees by comparing the outcomes. For the majority of outcomes, no significant difference in prevalence was found. The experiences and results indicate that our approach is practicable, and can deliver diagnostic outcomes with acceptable validity.


An update of the national recommendations on neonatal resuscitation elaborated by the Neonatal Resuscitation Work Area of the Fetal-Neonatal Studies Committee (CEFEN) of the Argentine Society of Pediatrics (SAP) is presented. These recommendations are original and in their elaboration, we have taken into account the best available evidence gathered by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) as well as an exhaustive review of publications and discussions in the area to define controversial issues. Relevant concepts and major changes are described and analyzed. These recommendations refer to support for the transition at birth and to resuscitation of newborns, focusing on safety and effectiveness. We include a section on the importance of teamwork and its impact on results when we proceed with an adequate organization.


This paper presents a three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of a Ka-band relativistic Cherenkov source with a slow wave structure (SWS) consisting of metal photonic band gap (PBG) structures. In the simulation, a perfect match layer boundary is employed to absorb passing band modes supported by the PBG lattice with an artificial metal boundary. The simulated axial field distributions in the cross section and surface of the SWS demonstrate that the device operates in the vicinity of the π point of a TM01-like mode. The Fourier transformation spectra of the axial fields as functions of time and space show that only a single frequency appears at 36.27 GHz, which is in good agreement with that of the intersection of the dispersion curve with the slow space charge wave generated on the beam. The simulation results demonstrate that the SWS has good mode selectivity.


Cold air drainage is a characteristic of hilly or mountainous terrain and can have significant impact on agricultural or horticultural activities. This paper considers a range of synoptic and topographic factors that could affect the phenomenon of cold air drainage, through an exploration of its characteristics in the Peak District of central England, showing that cold air drainage events can occur at any time of the year, with summer events being even more frequent than those usually noticed in winter. The occurrence of such events is related to the local topography, and particularly the correspondence to hollows and local valleys on the scale of 0.5–1 km, rather than on the scale of the principal drainage routes in the region. In contrast to some previous studies, synoptic and local weather conditions were not found to be strong indicators of cold air drainage events. It is also shown that under suitable conditions cold air drainage can overcome the effects of the urban heat island. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society


This article examines the philosophical implications underlying Bacon's views on historical knowledge, paying special attention to that variety of historical knowledge described by Bacon as "natural." More specifically, this article explores the interplay of history (historia) and fable (fabula). In the sphere of thought, fabula is the equivalent to materia in nature. Both are described by Bacon as being "versatile" and "pliant." In Bacon's system of knowledge, philosophy, as the domain of reason, starts from historiae and fabulae, once memory and the imagination have fulfilled their cognitive tasks. This means that, for Bacon, there is no such thing as a pure use of reason. He advocates a kind of reason that, precisely because it is involved with matter's inner motions (its "appetites," in Bacon's characteristic language), is constitutively 'impure'. The article shows how the terms historia and fabula cover key semantic areas in defining Bacon's philosophy: historia may mean "history" as well as "story,"fabula "myth" as well "story". In both cases, we can see significant oscillations from a stronger meaning (close to those of matter and nature) to a weaker one (connected to wit and imagination), as if the power of nature decreases moving from histories and myths to stories. On the other hand, there are cases in which Bacon seems to stick to a diachronic view of the meaning of fables and histories, such that the transition from myths to history, especially natural history, is described as a collective effort towards reality and enlightenment.


This report describes a 73-year-old male with early gastric cancer (type IIc) superimposed on infestation of a parasitic larva. Eosinophilic granulomas surrounding a dead worm were seen in the submucosa just beneath the intramucosal tubular adenocarcinomatous lesion measuring 1 X 1cm at the anterior wall in the acid-secreting area. The cancer cells showed lowered and altered mucin production in comparison with the surrounding non-cancerous fundic mucosa. The parasite was identified as an Anisakis-like larva by the presence of typical lateral chords. An immunohistochemical examination revealed that the cancer cells were more strongly positive for IgA and secretory component than the surrounding non-cancerous mucosa, and that IgG, IgA and IgM were detected in plasma cells around the granulomas but IgE and IgD were not. The possibility that the Anisakis-like larva preferentially infested the cancerous mucosa because of the change in mucin, local defect in acid secretion and/or other structural alterations in the area is discussed.


Background Femoral artery pseudoaneurysm is a significant complication in patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic catheterisation. First choice treatment for pseudoaneurysm is freehand ultrasound guided compression repair, which is time consuming and uncomfortable for the patient and operator. Aim To explore a mechanical compression device (FemoStop) as an alternative treatment for iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm. Methods Fourteen patients with pseudoaneurysm were considered for treatment with FemoStop after a brief freehand ultrasound guided compression repair to confirm the compressibility of the lesion. The FemoStop compression was applied for 20 minutes. The result was controlled with colour Doppler ultrasound, and a second cycle of 20 minutes followed if necessary. Results FemoStop compression was successful in 13 of the 14 patients. The mean compression time was 33 minutes (range, 20–60). The mean number of compression periods was 1.6 (range 1–3). FemoStop compression was successful in all 11 patients not taking anticoagulants and in two of three patients receiving anticoagulants. The mean compression time in patients given oral or intravenous anticoagulants was longer (50 v 27 minutes). Colour Doppler ultrasound 12 hours after the procedure indicated no recurrence of pseudoaneurysm in the 13 patients with initial success. Conclusions FemoStop compression for iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm is feasible, and as safe and effective as freehand ultrasound guided compression repair. It is more comfortable for the patient and operator, and probably more economical than freehand compression.


Studies on traditional Iranian houses have revealed that people used to construct buildings in a soil mass in order to reduce heat lossand decrease the cost of heating and cooling. Hence the residents could both use the excavated soil and proper thermal conditions by creating a microclimate. Over the past few years, green cover of buildings have been developed as useful and beneficial elements in designing ceilings and facades. This paper considers the cooling effect of three systems of living walls with the help of Design Builder simulation software in hot-dry climate (sunken courtyard of old houses in Yazd). The findings show that the thermal difference of inner surface between non-covered and plant-covered walls is significant in type 2. In type 3, thermal difference at night reaches 12 centigrade in some hours. Thermal difference in the three systems, changes from 2 ° C to at most 21° C. Furthermore, the decrease of thermal changes is significant when living wall details are used (type 2 and 3). Given the results, the use of green architectural coating with different systems has a significant impact on the increase of the quality of interior air and consequently the decrease of cooling energy consumption. Keywords: sunken courtyard; living wall; hot-dry region; cooling energy efficiency


Creatine kinase (CK, EC 126.96.36.199) activity in the serum of a patient with metastatic carcinoma migrated as two distinct bands cathodal to the origin and to CK-3 on agarose gel electrophoresis. The more cathodal isoenzyme (CKm-2) is of high molecular mass, is precipitated by ammonium sulfate at 30% of saturation, and is not retarded by Sephadex G-100. Treatment with urea at a concentration of 6 mol/L caused CKm-2 to elute with proteins of lower molecular mass on a G-100 column and shifted the electrophoretic migration to a position just cathodal to the origin (CKm-1). Antibody to CK-1 and CK-2 did not affect the activity of either CKm-1 or CKm-2. Similarities between these cathodal bands of CK activity and mitochondrial CK suggest the mitochondrial origin of these isoenzymes. These cathodal CK isoenzymes reacted unpredictably with different commercial reagent systems for determination of CK activity in serum or in agarose gel.


OUR knowledge of the large group of degenerative nervous affections, hereditary or familial as they often are, has scarcely progressed beyond the stage of mere description. In no class of (lisease, perhaps, has study of morbid anatomy been pushed to more barren limits or failed more signally to furnish a clue to treatment than in this, where, commonly enough, to become the victims the subjects have only to be born of the same parents and reach the age marked out by fate. Here, if anywhere, lies a problem for preventive medicine; if we knew what gives to the parents " le triste privilege de procreer de tels enfants " we might perhaps be able to neutralize the mischief at its source. Simple diagnosis of a case of pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis, mere addition to the pathological records of Friedreich's disease, seems nothing less than futile as long as tracing the stock and investigating the progeny is ignored, or the question of (letermining how germ-plasm and antenatal development are warped remains unsolved. It has been asserted with some degree of truth that we know less of the blood lines of our human stock than we do of our cattle. In the 17th century three brothers sailed from England to America, and it appeared themi to matter less than nothing that one of the parents suffered from hereditary chorea; but had they on that account been refused permission to land, America, in the words of Charles B. Davenport, " would have lost two leading educators, a surgeon or two, two or three State assembly men, and several iministers, and-900 cases of one of the most dreadful diseases that man is liable to, that produces individuals who for half a century know no waking hour free from forced movements, often of a violent character, and in whom often the mental functions one by one deteriorate ". WVhen, in conjunction with the embryologist, the biometrician, and the experimental pathologist, devotion on the part of the neurologist to the basic problems of nervous heredity takes the place of mere exhibition of familial cases, when morphological examination of a fifty-year-diseased brain and cord is abandoned in favour of biochemical investigation during the life of the individtual, 266


The IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks also known as Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth wireless personal area networks have independently become the leading wireless network technologies. Both technologies are finding their way into a growing number of mobile devices such as cellphones, smartphones, PDAs, and laptops. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth utilize the unlicensed 2.4 GHz ISM band, resulting in a potential for interference between the two. In mobile devices, where the Bluetooth and Wi-Fi radios are collocated in the same device, interference issues become more severe, and need to be dealt with using special mechanisms. Texas Instruments has introduced a BT/WLAN coexistence solution that is being used in a variety of industry products. We address the issue of Bluetooth and 802.11 WLAN coexistence. We discuss the interference problem and the coexistence solution for the case where both radios are collocated in the same device. We further analyze the performance of both technologies when utilizing the coexistence solution, and compare it to the performance without coexistence.


Expression of class pi glutathione S-transferase (GST-II) was investigated during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in female and male mice. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 10 mg/kg body wt) was administered to B6C3F1 mice on day 15 after birth, and liver sections were immunohistochemically stained with GST-II antibody at 12 and 24 weeks thereafter. In the normal mouse liver, GST-II was strongly expressed in males but only weakly in females. At 24 weeks after DEN treatment, the majority of preneoplastic foci could be detected as GST-II-positive in the female mice, while those in males were observed as to have decreased GST-II relative to the background. Class alpha GST-I and class mu GST-III did not exhibit any remarkable changes in preneoplastic foci. This result indicates that GST-II is a useful positive and negative marker for preneoplastic lesions in female and male mouse livers. In addition, class pi GST-II may be useful for the rapid screening hepatocarcinogens in mice because GST-II-positive or -negative single cells and minifoci, considered as precursor initiated populations, were detectable in females and males at 12 weeks after the DEN injection.


Field‐aligned electrons (FAEs) are important for the energy transport in the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. However, the distribution of FAEs and the concerning physical mechanism in different altitudes of the polar region are still unclear. In this paper, data from the Cluster spacecraft were used to study the characteristics of FAEs in high‐altitude polar region. We selected FAE events with a flux higher than 3 × 108(cm2 s)−1 for our analysis. Their distribution was double peaked around the auroral oval. The main peak occurred around the cusp region (magnetic local time (MLT) 0700–1500) which leaned to the dawnside. The other peak appeared in the evening sector with MLT 2100–2300 just before midnight. The durations of the FAE events covered a wide range from 4 to 475 s, with most of the FAE events lasting less than 40 s. The possible physical mechanisms are discussed, namely, that the downward FAEs may consist of decelerated solar wind and reflected up flowing ionospheric electrons in the potential drops, whereas the upward ones may be mirrored solar wind electrons and accelerated ionospheric up flowing electrons.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations of the superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome(SSCDS) and the treatment strategies.

METHODS
Data from 20 cases diagnosed with SSCDS from September 2004 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The clinical presentations including symptoms, signs, audiological and vestibular function examination, and their imaging characteristics and treatment strategies were reviewed.

RESULTS
All of the patients demonstrated variable degree of vertigo. Four patients could not tolerate the environmental noise. Autophony was noted in nine cases, among whom, two patients could feel their eye movements and heart beat, one patient could feel his footstep, one patient couldn't endure the singing by himself. Slow component vertical tortional eye movement away from the effected eye were observed in twelve patients when loud noise was given or middle ear or intracranial pressure increased. Head movement was induced by loud noise in one case. Ten patients presented with low frequency hearing loss. One case was concomitance with chronic otitis media and demonstrated severe sensorineural hearing loss. Nine patients demonstrated normal hearing. Decreased thresholds were showed by VEMP examination in six cases. Variable bone defect overlying in the SSCDS was confirmed by CT scans in all of the cases. The surgical repair of the superior semicircular canal dehiscence was performed through the middle cranial fossa approach in three cases and mastoid approach in two cases. The dizziness and the autophony were significantly alleviated after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
The clinical manifestations of SSCDS mainly demonstrate dizziness, autophony and loss of low frequency hearing. Treatment strategies are mainly composed of avoidance of environmental noise and shouting voice of the patients themselves. Surgical repair of the superior semicircular canal dehiscence was proposed to conduct, either through the middle cranial fossa approach or mastoid approach, when the patient couldn't tolerate the sypmtoms.


WHO estimates that 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed with around 3,750 deaths per year. One of the efforts to reduce cervical cancer is early detection (IVA/Papsmear). Public awareness to conduct early detection needs to be sought by disseminating information about the dangers of cervical cancer. One effort that can be done is to provide health education to Fertile Age Women (WUS), which is a risk group for cervical cancer. The use of pocket books is one alternative media to deliver messages about early detection of cervical cancer. The purpose of the activities is to increase knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer.
The method is community education with counseling to increase  understanding and awareness about early detection of cervical cancer by using a pocket book. Participants were 50 women in Suryodiningratan Urban Village, Yogyakarta City.
Characteristics of participants are mostly over 35 years old, have 2-3 children, have a high school education and are not working (Housewife). The level of knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer is mostly good. The results of the activity showed an increase in the number of partisipants with good knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer before and after the use of a pocket book. Pocket books can be an alternative for health promotion about early detection of cervical cancer.


A BSTRACT : Forecasting electricity consumption is a relevant task to ensure that the supply of energy fed into the grid always equals the demand. In this study we compare the performance of random forest and linear random forest in the prediction of daily electricity consumption in Italy. We show that both implementations reach a good performance in this task, with the best results obtained by linear random forest in a model including different features such as lags, difference variables and day - month variables.


This paper reports on a detailed study of the oscillation characteristics of double-carrier-confinement (DCC) heterojunction InGaAsP( \lambda = 1.3 \mu m)/InP lasers, with special emphasis on their temperature characteristics. In addition to conventional double-heterojunction lasers, these lasers have a p-InGaAsP second active layer sandwiched between the p-InP clad layers. The spectral characteristics below threshold were examined in order to verify electron leakage beyond the hetero-barrier of the p-InP thin clad layer, and to study the contribution of the second active layer to optical gain and laser action. Threshold temperature characteristics were also investigated through an analysis of the heterojunction energy band structure. The results indicate that emission from the second active layer is caused by electron leakage. In order to obtain high temperature stability for these lasers, it is essential that both the first and second active layers contribute to the optical gain spectrum and laser action.


Polylysine aggregates human blood platelets and, within a concentration range which is typical for a given preparation, can elicit the release reaction. No evidence for a relation between the active concentration range of different polylysine preparations and their structure or molecular weight could be established. ADP stimulates the release at ub- or superoptimal concentrations of polylysine. These results support the hypothesis that cell contact, here facilitated by the polycation, ADP, fibrinogen and calcium ions are required for the induction of the release reaction. Once these components are available in adequate amounts within a polylysine-induced aggregate, the release reaction will be propagated automatically throughout the aggregate.


Researchers at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) in Golden, Colorado, began performing the Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment in 1993 to better understand the unsteady aerodynamics and structural responses of horizontal-axis wind turbines. The experiment consists of an extensively instrumented, downwind, three-bladed, 20-kilowatt wind turbine. In May 1995, I received a request from the NWTC to design a two-bladed hub for the experiment. For my thesis, I present the results of the mechanical design, analysis, and testing of the hub. The hub I designed is unique because it runs in rigid, teetering, or independent blade-flapping modes. In addition, the design is unusual because it uses two servomotors to pitch the blades independently. These features are used to investigate new load reduction, noise reduction, blade pitch optimization, and yaw control techniques for two-bladed turbines. I used a methodology by G. Phal and W. Bietz to design the hub. The hub meets all the performance specifications except that it achieves only 90% of the specified teeter range. In my thesis, I focus on the analysis and testing of the hub body. I performed solid-mechanics calculations, ran a finite-element analysis simulation, and experimentally investigated the structural integrity of the hub body.


This study examines household waste management systems and the attitudes and behavior of selected middle-income communities in two barangays in Metro Manila. The factors that influence household waste segregation and composting are examined using descriptive statistics and regression analysis of primary survey data. The study identifies some household attitudes and behavior with regard to waste management that are important in designing community-based waste management programs, especially in the light of the country's new law on ecological solid waste management. The study also demonstrates the potential economic benefits from the adoption of resource recovery practices at the household level.


Abstract: Weed control is a key aspect that influences seedling response in newly-established plantations. Tree shelter protection may be an effective complement to weed control with a positive effect on the overall response of seedlings. Our study focused on assessing the morpho-physiological response of Holm oak (Quercus ilex L. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) plantations to weed control and individual protection as a combined cultural technique on a cropland site in southern Spain. The weed control treatments (cultivation, herbicide and mulch) were also applied in combination with tree shelters. Morpho-physiological variables including survival, aerial and root morphology, water potential, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored over a 2-year period. Results showed that weed competition management treatments improved the seedling survival rate compared to the control treatment. Moreover, shelter was associated with a greater height growth. At early stages of establishment, and particularly under combined treatments, all plants invested more resources in their aerial parts than in their root system. Seedlings did not regulate water loss as a result of water stress, contrary to what would be expected in Mediterranean areas. Under all treatments, especially those combined with tree shelters, seedlings took up to 2 years to achieve morpho-physiological adaptation (i.e. height and diameter growths, water stress behavior) to site conditions. In addition, tree shelters promoted an increase in net photosynthesis compared to non-shelter treatments during the winter period. The tree shelters also limited the emergence of photo-inhibition phenomena in seedlings so that plants under combined treatments showed greater photo-chemical efficiency. Thus, this study supports the effectiveness of tree shelter protection as a complement to weed control treatments. More specifically, it suggests that combining individual protection (shelter) and weed control around seedlings is an interesting technique for reforestation of forest ecosystems in Mediterranean areas.


We have measured trace elements in epileptic patients.
Levels of trace elements are very fluctuating in comparison to the healthy
controls. The levels of Zn, Fe and Cu are higher in comparison to healthy
normal children about 64%, 55% and 33% respectively. The levels of Cu are just
fifty percent to levels of Zn. The levels of Ca, K and Mg are higher about 10%,
9.027% and 4.2% in comparison to normal children. Sodium levels were very low in
comparison to all the trace elements and are higher about 3.2% than controls.
The multiple correlation coefficients between Na, K and Ca, i.e. (RNa.KCa) has a value 0.4993 in comparison to healthy children.
Multiple correlation coefficients between Fe, Cu and Zn, i.e. (RFe.CuZn) has a value 0.4366. The multiple correlation coefficients RNa.Kca and RFe.CuZn are found lower. These
elements were strongly correlated with other. The multiple correlation
coefficients such as RK.NaCa, RCa.K.Na, RMg.NaK, RNa.MgK, RK.MgNa, RCu.FeZn and RZn.FeCu were also evaluated
and found on higher side from normal range. Trace elements may
act as a catalytic agent for enzyme system of the cells. The minimum
requirements of living objects for essential trace elements may be expressed in
proportions or concentrations of the total dry food taken everyday. A tolerance
of the human system may be fluctuated according to intake of these elements.


Miles of contaminated pipe must be measured, foot by foot, as part of the decommissioning effort at deactivated gaseous diffusion enrichment facilities. The current method requires cutting away asbestos-lined thermal enclosures and performing repeated, elevated operations to manually measure pipe from the outside. The RadPiper robot, part of the Pipe Crawling Activity Measurement System (PCAMS) developed by Carnegie Mellon University and commissioned for use at the DOE Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Enrichment Facility, automatically measures U-235 in pipes from the inside. This improves certainty, increases safety, and greatly reduces measurement time. The heart of the RadPiper robot is a sodium iodide scintillation detector in an innovative disc-collimated assembly. By measuring from inside pipes, the robot significantly increases its count rate relative to external through-pipe measurements. The robot also provides imagery, models interior pipe geometry, and precisely measures distance in order to localize radiation measurements. Data collected by this system provides insight into pipe interiors that is simply not possible from exterior measurements, all while keeping operators safer. This paper describes the technical details of the PCAMS RadPiper robot. Key features for this robot include precision distance measurement, in-pipe obstacle detection, ability to transform for two pipe sizes, and robustness in autonomous operation. Test results demonstrating the robot's functionality are presented, including deployment tolerance tests, safeguarding tests, and localization tests. Integrated robot tests are also shown.


252 nontyphoidic salmonellae strains isolated from pediatrics were identified by using standard laboratory procedures and were serotyped with commercial antisera. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the agar diffusion method. Mostly isolates obtained from feces (182) and blood (67) and 89% of them from newborns and nursings. S. sér. Wien represented 75% of the isolates. The other serovars were essentially S. sér Typhimurium, S. sér Infantis and S. sér Enteritidis. All the isolates of S. sér Wien and S. sér Typhimurium were resistant to amoxicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline from 1980. From 1987 S. sér Wien isolates developed resistance to cefotaxime and amikacin. Distribution nontyphoidic salmonellae strains according to the year was variable. Maximal isolates were in September and October. Two major epidemics were observed in this study, in 1982 and 1989. 94% of the strains determined nosocomial infections. The source of infection was established during the epidemic of 1989. The application of hygiene measures led to decline the number of isolates in 1990 and their disappearance in 1991, any strains of S. sér Wien was isolated.


The tight embrace between blood pressure control and renal function makes it extremely difficult, particularly in the case of essential hypertension, to disentangle the reciprocity of cause and effect relationships. Even ingenious models of experimental hypertension have failed to provide a firm answer as to the order of sequence between these two entities. While not excluding the possibility of a subtle renal defect as a prime mover in essential hypertension, we have preliminarily adopted the thesis that hypertension per se is the main condition, which subsequently induces functional changes in the kidney. The latter may then contribute in their turn to the persistence or even the progression of the hypertensive process. The earliest detectable change in the hypertensive kidney is an apparent vasoconstriction. Since glomerular filtration rate appears to be maintained in the face of this, efferent arteriolar tone is likely to be enhanced. Using pharmacological tools we have been able to establish that local pressor systems are responsible for the above vasoconstriction: both alpha-2 receptors and the renin-angiotensin system appear to be involved. From a preventive point of view it might make sense to use antihypertensive drugs in order to abolish the renal vasoconstriction: this way the involvement into structural arteriolar changes could perhaps be prevented. Although indeed currently used antihypertensive drugs facilitate renal blood flow, their ultimate role in salvaging the kidney remains to be established.


Self-propagating formation reactions in nanostructured multilayer foils provide rapid bursts of heat and can act as local heat sources to melt solder layers and join materials. This letter describes the room-temperature soldering of stainless steel specimens using freestanding, nanostructured Al/Ni foils. The products, heats, and velocities of the reactions are described, and the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the resulting joints are characterized. A tensile shear strength of 48 MPa was measured for the reactive foil joints, compared to 38 MPa for conventional joints. Both numerical predictions and infrared measurements show limited heat exposure to the components during reactive joining.


Mental disorders belong to a significant and serious disease pattern with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Due to limited health personnel and financial resources, scalability of mental health services and tailored care of individuals are two key barriers for a successful treatment. Mental health information systems (MHIS) are expected to address these barriers and thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the underlying technological rules that guide the design of evidence-based MHIS interventions. However, up till now, there is no systematic literature review on the anatomy of MHIS that quantitatively tests the effects of MHIS service configurations on treatment success. We therefore conducted, as a very first step a preliminary review on MHIS in this research-in-progress. This review has not only the objective to present state-of-the-art on MHIS but also to propose a set of fine-grained evaluation criteria relevant for future work on the design of evidence-based MHIS interventions.


Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola, is the most prevalent disease of wheat worldwide. Primary inoculum and the early stages of STB epidemics are still not fully understood and deserve attention for improving management strategies. The inoculum build-up and overseasoning involves various fungal structures (ascospores, pycnidiospores, mycelium) and plant material (wheat seeds, stubble and debris; wheat volunteers; other grasses). Their respective importance is assessed in this review. Among the mechanisms involved in the early stages of epidemics and in the year-to-year disease transmission, infection by ascospores wind-dispersed from either distant or local infected wheat debris is the most significant. Nevertheless, infection by pycnidiospores splash-dispersed either from neighbouring wheat debris or from senescent basal leaves has also been inferred from indirect evidence. Mycosphaerella graminicola has rarely been isolated from seeds so that infected seed, although suspected as a source of primary inoculum for a long time, is considered as an epidemiologically anecdotal source. Mycosphaerella graminicola can infect a few grasses other than wheat but the function of these grasses as alternative hosts in natural conditions remains unclear. Additionally, wheat volunteers are suspected to be sources of STB inoculum for new crops. This body of evidence is summarized in a spatio-temporal representation of a STB epidemic aimed at highlighting the nature, sources and release of inoculum in the early stages of the epidemic.


Epilepsy is a very prevalent neurological disorder. The gold standard in diagnosis of epilepsy is the EEG signal recorded during a seizure with characteristic ictal pattern. Automated systems for detection of seizures are a field of intensive research, in an attempt to create a reproducible, observer-independent mechanism for epilepsy diagnosis. Chronic therapy is a cornerstone of the epilepsy treatment, but the possibility to predict seizure onset and, consequently, to act with medications right before the seizure, instead of relying on everyday medications, is considered the holy grail of epilepsy research. Significant element of morbidity and mortality in epilepsy is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) that occurs in roughly 1% of patients. Signal analysis techniques for EEG have been a staple in epilepsy research, but recently, with the rise of telemetric systems, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis derived from the ECG signal has been gaining importance. It has been found that perturbations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation occur during, and even up to several minutes before, seizure onset allowing for changes in HRV to act in prediction, as well as detection, of seizures. Also, there is a compelling research exploring the extent of autonomic disbalance during seizures, as well as in the interictal periods in patients at risk for or that have had SUDEP. The focus of this review is to give a short crossection of research involving the utility HRV has in prediction and detection of seizure onset, as well as determining etiology classification and risk evaluation in SUDEP.


This book explores the deep roots of modern democracy, focusing on geography and long-term patterns of global diffusion. Its geographic argument centers on access to the sea, afforded by natural harbors which enhance the mobility of people, goods, capital, and ideas. The extraordinary connectivity of harbor regions thereby affected economic development, the structure of the military, statebuilding, and openness to the world – and, through these pathways, the development of representative democracy. The authors' second argument focuses on the global diffusion of representative democracy. Beginning around 1500, Europeans started to populate distant places abroad. Where Europeans were numerous they established some form of representative democracy, often with restrictions limiting suffrage to those of European heritage. Where they were in the minority, Europeans were more reticent about popular rule and often actively resisted democratization. Where Europeans were entirely absent, the concept of representative democracy was unfamiliar and its practice undeveloped.


We recently identified a brief time period during postnatal development when the mammalian heart retains significant regenerative potential after amputation of the ventricular apex. However, one major unresolved question is whether the neonatal mouse heart can also regenerate in response to myocardial ischemia, the most common antecedent of heart failure in humans. Here, we induced ischemic myocardial infarction (MI) in 1-d-old mice and found that this results in extensive myocardial necrosis and systolic dysfunction. Remarkably, the neonatal heart mounted a robust regenerative response, through proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes, resulting in full functional recovery within 21 d. Moreover, we show that the miR-15 family of microRNAs modulates neonatal heart regeneration through inhibition of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of the miR-15 family from an early postnatal age until adulthood increases myocyte proliferation in the adult heart and improves left ventricular systolic function after adult MI. We conclude that the neonatal mammalian heart can regenerate after myocardial infarction through proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes and that the miR-15 family contributes to postnatal loss of cardiac regenerative capacity.


In dogs effects of phenobarbital (PB) on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities and on concentrations of plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were examined. Total body clearance (Cl(B)) of antipyrine and plasma AGP concentrations were monitored during oral PB treatment at a therapeutic dose for 35 days. Cl(B) of antipyrine, which reflects hepatic CYP activities, gradually increased and was maintained at about threefold concentrations compared with that before treatment, suggesting that PB induced CYP activities at a large extent even in a therapeutic dose, necessary for an antiepileptic effect. Plasma AGP concentrations also increased significantly (about fourfold). Dogs were killed at the 35th day of the PB treatment, and hepatic CYP content and enzyme kinetics of several CYPs were determined using liver microsomes. CYP content was about twofold higher than that from untreated dogs. The V(max) values for CYP1A-like activity (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation), 2B-like activity (ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation), 2C-like activity (tolbutamide hydroxylation) and 3A-like activity (midazolam 4-hydroxylation) were higher (2-4-fold) than that in untreated dogs. In summary, a therapeutic dose of PB for antiepileptic therapy significantly induced hepatic CYPs and plasma AGP in dogs. Therefore, during antiepileptic therapy with PB, special attention must be paid to the pharmacokinetics of drugs simultaneously administered.


This programmatic theory paper sketches a conceptual framework that might inspire work in critical Medical Humanities. For this purpose, Kaushik Sunder Rajan's account of biocapital is revisited and discussed in relation to the perspective of a critical neuroscience. Critical neuroscience is an encompassing positioning towards the recent public prominence of the brain and brain-related practices, tools and discourses. The proposed analytical scheme has five focal nodes: capital, life, technoscience, (neoliberal) politics and subjectivity. A special emphasis will be placed on contemporary framings of subjectivity, as it is here where deep-reaching entanglements of personhood with scientific practice and discourse, medical and informational technologies, and economic formations are most evident. Notably, the emerging subject position of the 'prospective health consumer' will be discussed as it figures prominently in the terrain between neuroscience and other medico-scientific disciplines.


OBJECTIVE
To study the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and CD30 positive peripheral T cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified), and discuss the pathogenesis of miRNAs in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

METHODS
Three cases of ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma of lymph node, 3 cases of CD30-positive peripheral T cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified) of lymph node and 3 cases of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node were detected by high flow microarray of miRNAs. The method of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was further applied for 7 miRNAs in 15 cases of ALK-negatie anaplastic large cell lymphomas of lymph node and 15 cases of CD30-positive peripheral T cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified) of lymph node.

RESULTS
The significant difference of 13 miRNAs was found between ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma and CD30 positive peripheral T cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified) (P < 0.05), of which the result of 5 miRNAs was consistent with miRNAs expression spectrum: miR-664b-5p, miR-1275, miR-4739, miR-4736 and miR-504-5p, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes, miR-664b-5p, miR-1275 and miR-4739 were significantly under-expressed (P = 0.004, P = 0.021, P = 0.031) and miR-4736 and miR-504-5p were significantly over-expressed (P = 0.009, P = 0.007) in ALK negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

CONCLUSIONS
MiR-664b-5p, miR-1275, miR-4739, miR-4736 and miR-504-5p may become an important indicator in the differentiation ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma from CD30-positive peripheral T cell lymphoma (not otherwise specified). MiR-4739, miR-4736 and miR-1275 may play important role in pathogenesis of negative-anaplastic large cell lymphoma by target genes: TNFRSF8 and TMOD1.


This paper presents an experience in assessment and strengthening of a R/C building carried out in Sudan during the last year. A four-story R/C framed hospital building was constructed five years ago in the middle of Sudan, by the White Nile River. Due to differential upheaval movement of the underneath expansive clay soils (15-25cm), the building had experienced serious instability problems and severe structural cracks. A comprehensive assessment of the building skeleton including geotechnical investigation, DT and NDT methods revealed the need of five different strengthening and retrofitting techniques; there are, transformation of foundation system from isolated footings to strap foundation to increase the stiffness and rigidity of footings, concrete jacketing of basement floor columns, metal jacketing of the second floor columns, construction of shear walls to enhance the stability of the building and finally CFRP laminates for strengthening of basement floor cover slab. The building had been monitored during and after completion of strengthening and retrofitting works to measure any movements during the last year rainy season. Measurements revealed the efficiency of implemented strengthening and retrofitting techniques.


Macrolides have a macrocyclic lactone ring, whose size and features have been modified from the 14 carbon structure of erythromycin in order to develop newer agents such as azithromycin (AZM). They were originally derived from products the microbial order Actinomycetales (Saccharopolyspora erythrae , formerly Streptomyces erythrae ), and are yet another respiratory harvest from the organism that have given us many antibiotics, starting with the important antituberculosis drug, streptomycin. Macrolides are widely used as antibiotics, and now form part of guideline-recommended therapy in community-acquired pneumonia. They have an expanding role in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases based on their additional anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Further development has produced broad-spectrum antibacterials, such as AZM, with a longer half-life, and minimal inhibition of cytochrome CYP3A4 and, hence, fewer drug interactions. Other developments in this class include tacrolimus and its derivatives that target macrophyllin-12 (FK506 binding protein) and are potent immunosuppressive agents.

The classical airway disease that responds to long-term low-dose macrolide therapy is diffuse panbronchiolitis in Asian populations.1 The pathological lesion is centred around the bronchioles and involves intense chronic inflammation, typically neutrophilic, leading to mucus hypersecretion, progressive loss of lung function, bacterial airway infection, and often death. Building on this paradigm, macrolides have been found to be effective in other airway …


Author(s): Chuard, D; Terrier, R; Goldwurm, A; Clavel, M; Soldi, S; Morris, MR; Ponti, G; Walls, M; Chernyakova, M | Abstract: Context. For a decade now, evidence has accumulated that giant molecular clouds located within the central molecular zone of our Galaxy reflect X-rays coming from past outbursts of the Galactic supermassive black hole. However, the number of illuminating events as well as their ages and durations are still unresolved questions. Aims. We aim to reconstruct parts of the history of the supermassive black hole Sgr A★ by studying this reflection phenomenon in the molecular complex Sgr C and by determining the line-of-sight positions of its main bright substructures. Methods. Using observations made with the X-ray observatories XMM-Newton and Chandra and between 2000 and 2014, we investigated the variability of the reflected emission, which consists of a Fe Kα line at 6.4 keV and a Compton continuum. We carried out an imaging and a spectral analysis. We also used a Monte Carlo model of the reflected spectra to constrain the line-of-sight positions of the brightest clumps, and hence to assign an approximate date to the associated illuminating events. Results. We show that the Fe Kα emission from Sgr C exhibits significant variability in both space and time, which confirms its reflection origin. The most likely illuminating source is Sgr A★. On the one hand, we report two distinct variability timescales, as one clump undergoes a sudden rise and fall in about 2005, while two others vary smoothly throughout the whole 2000–2014 period. On the other hand, by fitting the Monte Carlo model to the data, we are able to place tight constraints on the 3D positions of the clumps. These two independent approaches provide a consistent picture of the past activity of Sgr A★, since the two slowly varying clumps are located on the same wavefront, while the third (rapidly varying) clump corresponds to a different wavefront, that is, to a different illuminating event. Conclusions. This work shows that Sgr A★ experienced at least two powerful outbursts in the past 300 yrs, and for the first time, we provide an estimation of their age. Extending this approach to other molecular complexes, such as Sgr A, will allow this two-event scenario to be tested further.


The subcutaneous administration of calcium prior to reserpine prevented the development of the well-known reserpine effects. Pretreatment with other bivalent cations induced a similar effect. The inhibitory effect of reserpine on the in vitro uptake of labelled catecholamines in brain homogenates was also prevented in rats pretreated with bivalent cations. On the other hand when calcium was injected at a site other than that of reserpine, there was no antagonistic effect. The latter results suggest an interaction between bivalent cations and reserpine at the injection site that prevents the systemic absorption of reserpine.


The nonlinear, multiplicative form of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) function can be put in the linear, additive form by representing the SIR function in the logarithmic scale. Most of the well-known discrete-time power control algorithms can be reformulated into simple continuous-time dynamic equations in the logarithmic scale. A 'surrogate derivative' model yields the continuous-time system dynamics for each local user. It reveals that many of the most popular and powerful existing power control update laws can actually be comprehended as the discrete-time versions of the standard continuous-time control strategies. The continuous-time dynamic system formulation provides a new avenue to the uplink power control designs for wireless networks such that many existing useful control methodologies can be directly employed for solving the SIR-based wireless communication power control problems. Yates' power convergence conditions for the distributed power control (DPC), originally given for the discrete-time power control updates, are also presented in the continuous-time framework in this paper. We have shown that CDMA 2000 (IS-95) standard for mobile power updates uses a sliding mode control technique, and that the DPC algorithm is based on a linear state feedback control law.


Web testing is the name given to software testing that focuses on web applications. A complete testing of a web-based system before going live can help to address issues before the system is revealed to the public. Issues such as the security of the web application, the basic functionality of the site, its accessibility to handicapped users and fully able users as well as readiness for expected traffic and number of users, and the ability to survive a massive spike in user traffic are related to load testing. This project describes the generation of various test cases for web application in two case studies by using unit testing and integration testing and the comparison in terms of Correctness, Memory Used and Time Taken. The experimental results showed the same Correctness rate for both unit and integration testing with the 80% for the case study 1 and 75% for the case study 2. Magnitude of relative error (MRE) for Time Taken using unit testing was 0.227 in case study 1 and 0.214 in case study 2. Meanwhile, for Integration testing, MRE for Time taken was 0.149 in case study 1 and 0.108 in case study 2. MRE for memory used during unit testing was 0.060 in case study 1 and 0.066 in case study 2. When using integration testing, MRE for memory used was 0.161 in case study 1 and 0.169 in case study 2. Based on the experimental results, MRE for Time taken using Integration testing is better than MRE for Time taken using Unit testing. However, the MRE for Memory used using Unit testing is better than MRE for Memory used using Integration testing.


The advent of the transformerless multilevel inverter topology has brought forth various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes as a means to control the switching of the active devices in each of the multiple voltage levels in the inverter. An analysis of how existing multilevel carrier-based PWM affects switch utilization for the different levels of a diode-clamped inverter is conducted. Two novel carrier-based multilevel PWM schemes are presented which help to optimize or balance the switch utilization in multilevel inverters. A 10-kW prototype sixlevel diode-clamped inverter has been built and controlled with the novel PWM strategies proposed in this paper to act as a voltage-source inverter for a motor drive.


With growing sophistication and volume of cyber attacks combined with complex network structures, it is becoming extremely difficult for security analysts to corroborate evidences to identify multistage campaigns on their network. This work develops HeAT (Heated Alert Triage): given a critical indicator of compromise (IoC), e.g., a severe IDS alert, HeAT produces a HeATed Attack Campaign (HAC) depicting the multistage activities that led up to the critical event. We define the concept of"Alert Episode Heat"to represent the analysts opinion of how much an event contributes to the attack campaign of the critical IoC given their knowledge of the network and security expertise. Leveraging a network-agnostic feature set, HeAT learns the essence of analyst's assessment of"HeAT"for a small set of IoC's, and applies the learned model to extract insightful attack campaigns for IoC's not seen before, even across networks by transferring what have been learned. We demonstrate the capabilities of HeAT with data collected in Collegiate Penetration Testing Competition (CPTC) and through collaboration with a real-world SOC. We developed HeAT-Gain metrics to demonstrate how analysts may assess and benefit from the extracted attack campaigns in comparison to common practices where IP addresses are used to corroborate evidences. Our results demonstrates the practical uses of HeAT by finding campaigns that span across diverse attack stages, remove a significant volume of irrelevant alerts, and achieve coherency to the analyst's original assessments.


This paper analyses the specifics and the tendencies in building the knowledge society as well as the role of the universities in this process. Some European policies and programs dedicated to the new role of the universities in realizing the Lisbon Strategy are analysed as well. It is emphasized on the importance of integration of the 'knowledge triangle' (education, research and innovation) into a research university and on the urgent need to re-design the university activities according to the new requirements. This paper describes some real experiences, emerging models and lessons learnt based on the case of Software Engineering education and research at Sofia University.


Nail-care techniques and products have been recently specialized and detailed more than in the past, and nail-care industry has been one of worldwide major industries. Even in Korea, nail-care industry has been remarkably grown and has been rapidly popular. Like this, nail-care salons have been increasing and at the same time customers have been rapidly increasing, but the problem is that the public are ill-informed of nail care and the chemicals contained in nail-care products have not been properly managed. This study aims at investigating the influence of harmful chemicals, contained in nail-care products, on the human. Such data are expected to be helpful to figure for promoting nail-care industry as well as for managing the health of workers. In addition, this study aims at giving salience to the necessity of clean work environment as well as suggesting how to manage related chemicals. The characteristics of harmful chemicals were rearranged on the basis of the previous theses and related books. Likewise, the influence of the harmful chemicals, contained in nail-care products, on the body was reviewed on the basis of the cases reported by national theses and overseas ones.


This study tests the relevance of 10 psychological traits that are assumed to exemplify responses to the items of INFORIZON, an occupational interest inventory. To accomplish this goal, the author analyzed the responses to the interest items based on a sample of 824 participants (17–25 years old), with an assessment of the items based on psychological traits using another French sample (147 participants) in the same age category. The results of multiple linear regression analyses supported most of the hypotheses presented in this study.


AIM
The preservation of the sensitivity of the nipple-areola complex after reduction mammoplasty is an important goal of the modern surgery. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the differences in the recovery of sensitivity after reduction mammoplasty using different techniques.

MATERIAL OF STUDY
Using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament the sensitivity was evaluated in 64 patients undergone to a bilateral reduction mammoplasty: 36 were treated with inferior pedicle technique and 28 with a superior pedicle techniques. The evaluation of the sensitivity was performed in nine points: the nipple, the four quadrants of the areola and the 4 quadrants of the skin around the areola both in the preoperative and at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS
The major alterations were found in the sensitivity of the nipple: the major deficiencies were seen in women treated with a superior pedicle techniques. Minor differences were found about the sensitivity of the areola and periareolar skin.

CONCLUSION
The techniques which provide the preparation of a glandular flap with superior pedicle have an increased risk of altering the innervation of the nipple-areola complex. The preparation of a glandular flap with inferior pedicle allows the restoration of the pre-operative sensitivity in 6-12 months.

KEY WORDS
Breast sensitivity, Reduction mammoplasty, Sensitivity alteration.


Invasive fungal disease with Saccharomycetaceae is very rarely reported and these fungi are usually considered nonpathogenic. We report here 4 cases of positive blood cultures with fungal species belonging to this family. Severe neutropenia, permanent central venous catheter, ongoing antibacterial chemotherapy, and major abdominal surgery were identified as risk factors for fungemia in patients. In the immunocompromised host isolation of such species from sterile fluids cannot be ignored but should be considered an opportunistic infection and treated as such.


Plasma jet triggered gas gap switch has obvious advantages in fast control switch. The development of the plasma in the ambient medium is the key factor affecting the triggering conduction of the gas switch. However, the plasma jet process and its characteristic parameters are complicated and the existing test methods cannot fully characterize its development laws. In this work, a two-dimensional transient fluid calculation model of the plasma jet process of the gas gap switch is established based on the renormalization-group k-ε turbulence equation. The results show that the characteristic parameters and morphological evolution of the plasma jet are basically consistent with the experimental results, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model calculation. The plasma jet is a long strip with an initial velocity of 1.0 km·s−1 and develops in both axial and radial directions. The jet velocity fluctuates significantly with axial height. As the plasma jet enters the main gap, the pressure inside the trigger cavity drops by 80%, resulting in a rapid drop in the jet velocity. When the plasma jet head interacts with the atmosphere, the two-phase fluid compresses each other, generating a forward-propelled pressure wave. The plasma jet heads flow at high velocity, a negative pressure zone is formed in the middle part of the jet, and the pressure peak decreases gradually with height. As the value of the inlet pressure increases, the characteristic parameters of the plasma jet increase. The entrainment phenomenon is evident, which leads to an increase in the pressure imbalance of the atmospheric gas medium, leading to a significant Coandǎ effect. Compared with air, the characteristic parameters of a plasma jet in SF6 are lower, and the morphological evolution is significantly suppressed. The results of this study can provide some insight into the mechanism of action of the switch jet plasma development process.


A 56 MHz superconducting RF cavity was designed and installed in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is the first superconducting quarter wave resonator (QWR) operating in a high-energy storage ring. We discuss herein the cavity operation with Au+Au collisions, and with asymmetrical Au+He3 collisions. The cavity is a storage cavity, meaning that it becomes active only at the energy of experiment, after the acceleration cycle is completed. With the cavity at 300 kV, an improvement in luminosity was detected from direct measurements, and the bunch length has been reduced. The uniqueness of the QWR demands an innovative design of the higher order mode dampers with high-pass filters, and a distinctive fundamental mode damper that enables the cavity to be bypassed during the acceleration stage.


Objective: In epidemiological and clinical studies, whole blood assay (WBA) has been used as a measure to characterize inter-individual differences in the cytokine response of individuals exposed to inflammatory agents, such as endotoxins. Several short-time repeatability studies have shown stable cytokine levels in individuals over periods of days, weeks or months, but little is known about the long-term stability of cytokine reactivity. Methods: We studied cytokine response levels in LPS-stimulated whole blood in a cohort of 193 farmers and agricultural industry workers at two time points with a five-year interval. Results: IL-10 and IL-1β responses measured with a five-year time interval showed a weak positive correlation (r=0.22 and 0.27, respectively), whereas no correlation was observed for TNFα (r=0.06). Cytokine reactivity measured repeatedly at the same time point showed high correlations (IL-10 r=0.80, IL-1β r=0.53 and TNFα r=0.74), suggesting that the observed weak correlations over time are reflective of actual variations in cytokine reactivity over time. Conclusions: Repeatability of ex vivo cytokine reactivity showed to be differential for the measured cytokines, being more stable for IL-10 and IL-1β than for TNFα. However, in general, repeatability of ex vivo cytokine reactivity was weak, reflecting that cytokine reactivity can mostly be explained by (short term) intra-individual (immunological) or time varying environmental factors and less by genetic or other time-invariant factors. Therefore, WBA should be regarded as a viable tool to study relationships with current health status and exposure, and only partially as a predictor for a future response.


The Role of Familiarity in Segmentation of Human Action Jessica Kosie University of Oregon Dare Baldwin University of Oregon Abstract: Adults process others' actions with apparent ease, despite the complexity involved. Expertise seems key, yet lit- tle is known about how expertise alters action processing. Perhaps expertise reshapes how attention is allocated as actions unfold. We investigated this possibility using Hard, Recchia, & Tversky's (2011) "dwell-time paradigm:" viewers advance through slideshows extracted from a digitized video of an activity sequence, typically displaying a "boundary advantage" (longer dwelling at segment boundaries than mid-segment action) that predicts memory. Participants in our study advanced through slideshows varying in familiarity of action depicted (high, moderate, low) but equated on other dimensions. Systematic dwell-time differences emerged in relation to familiarity: a stronger boundary advantage arose when action was moderately fa- miliar relative to either highly familiar or unfamiliar, pointing to specific expertise-driven changes in how attention is allocated as action unfolds. A theoretical account of these changes offers new insight into fundamental processes subserving fluent action processing.


Background. The Veracruz Reef System is a protected area that gives shelter to the port of Veracruz and, therefore, has been subject to vessel groundings since the arrival of the Spanish in America. In the past century, at least 126 vessels ran aground and some of them now lie as shipwrecks where they are undergoing processes of recruitment and colonization. Goals. We studied the dominant community of algae in the Ana Elena shipwreck, Anegada de Afuera reef, Veracruz. Methods. Samples and observations are made by scuba diving and digital photograph on the bathymetric gradient of 5 to 12 m, from the captain´s bridge to the hull. Results. The dominant macroalgal assemblages from this wreck were described for the first time, and various algal community outcrops were observed (8 species of red macroalgae, 3 brown, and 6 green). The dominant species in each zone of the Ana Elena shipwreck at the captain´s bridge, corridor, and hull were Lithophyllum congestum (30%), Peyssonnelia inamoena (48%), and Lobophora variegata (50%), respectively. Conclusions. Light is a limiting factor in the settlement and dominance of these algae. Two new records for Mexico are reported: Dictyota friabilis Setchell and Anadyomene saldanhae A. B. Joly et E. C. Oliveira.


The fatigue strength of the sintered and carburized compact made of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder, which is based on a 0.6 mass% Mo prealloyed steel powder to which 0.2 mass% Mo powder particles have been diffusion bonded, is higher than that of the 0.6 mass% Mo prealloyed steel powder. The sintered compact made of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder has a finer pore structure than that of the Mo prealloyed steel powder, because the Morich region near the surface of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder should exist as the α-iron phase with a high diffusion coefficient at high temperature and result in enhanced sintering. Improvement in the fatigue strength of the sintered and carburized compact made of the Mo hybrid-alloyed steel powder should result from not only the fine pore structure but also the strengthening of the sintering neck by Mo concentration around pores. JFE技報 No. 26 (2010年 8月)p. 48–53


Recent advances in laser technology has enabled the achievement of high power and high quality beams by diode pumping of Nd:YAG slabs. TRW, under the Precision Laser Machining Program funded by DARPA, has produced a 3 kW diode pumped Nd:YAG slab laser. The effectiveness of this new laser was examined in recent welding tests on C95800 nickel–aluminum–bronze. The beam parameters were 1700 W at the workpiece, with a pulse repetition rate of 1000 Hz and a pulse width of 170 μs. Linear and serpentine welding patterns were used with welding speeds ranging from 2.11 to 127 mm/s. At the slowest speed, penetration depths exceeded 35 and 17 mm with the use of 360 and 517 mm focal length focusing lens, respectively. Details of the metallurgy and the effect of welding speed on weld quality are examined.


The EWS (Early Warning system) is a new technology applied in the advanced and prone to the earthquake risk countries. According of the new project SIMORA new methodology is performed to the seismogenic structure and a seismotectonic model of the region is developed. As the activated fault was not known (so called "blind faults") deep geophysical complex investigations have been applied. It includes detailed gravity and magnetic fields measurements, new interpretations, comparison with the known and unknown seismic active structures and detailed study of the space-time seismicity patterns. Due to the applied research together with more detailed additional field measurements by electric resistive methods, radioactivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility profiling is expected to make a clear view of the local and regional geophysical fields. After the model is established the new approach for the selection of the strong motion devices locations is executed. Field measurements about the seismic noise (anthropogenic or natural) are performed. The spectral characteristics and amplitude levels are clarified according to the international requirements about reliability. The devices are intended to be put around the seismic source. In parallel such devices can serve as an instrument of the early warning to the local authorities and population.


Recently, substantial progress has been made in molecular design of nonlinear optical chromophores toward the goal of large nonlinearities while retaining thermal stability. Modifications of donor groups, delocalized (pi) -systems, and acceptor groups have all been made, and examples of each are described. The utility of each modification for preparation of electro-optic polymers is discussed. Resistance to thermal decomposition is not sufficient for practical applications; NLO polymers must also be resistant to thermal depoling and to sublimation of chromophores out of the polymers. It is therefore concluded that chemical tethering is required. Synthetic strategies for tethering our better chromophores to thermally stable polyimides are described, and the results of materials prepared to date are given.


OBJECTIVE
To analyse self-reported health behaviours of young people from a rural community and the factors influencing their behaviours.

METHODS
Interviews were conducted with 19 young people, 11 parents and 10 key informants from a small rural Victorian community, asking about teenage health behaviours and the factors influencing these behaviours.

RESULTS
Young people ate both healthy and unhealthy foods, most participated in physical activity, few smoked and most drank alcohol. The study found that community level factors, including community norms, peers, access issues and geographic isolation, were particularly powerful in shaping health behaviours, especially alcohol consumption. Smoking was influenced by social participation in the community and national media health campaigns. Diet and exercise behaviour were influenced by access and availability, convenience, family, peers and local and non-local cultural influences.

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The rural context, including less access to and choice of facilities and services, lower incomes, lack of transport and local social patterns (including community norms and acceptance), impact significantly on young people's health behaviours. Although national health promotion campaigns are useful aspects of behaviour modification, much greater focus on the role and importance of the local contexts in shaping health decisions of young rural people is required.


Expanded use of fast photography is proposed to characterize laser ablation plasma plumes by the analysis of a set of photographs by means of appropriate mathematical algorithms. The laser ablation plasma plumes studied were generated by ablation of both a multicomponent target of the nominal composition Ni50Mn37Sn13 and a highly pure Cu target (Cu) using a Q-switched Nd-YAG laser system:The experiments were conducted under different background argon pressures. Several photograph parameters such as intensity per unit time of exposure for a pixel, mean intensity per pixel per unit time of exposure, integrated intensity and cross correlation were studied. The intensity per unit time of exposure allowed for identification of the fast component of the triple structure of the expanding plasma into the background gas (that travels at a speed close to the one measured in vacuum). This parameter together with the use of cross correlation enabled the identification of regions of the expanded plasma plume with higher and lower similarities in their optical emission behavior. The mean intensity per pixel per unit time of exposure can be used as a measurement of the amount of light emitted by the plume as a function of time.


The Australian Federation Satellite, FedSat, was successfully launched into a 780-km low-earth orbit on 14 December 2002. Since then, the onboard Blackjack GPS receiver has operated on a duty cycle basis, providing effective data sets at an average of 10 to 15 minutes per orbit with its only aft-looking antenna, which views a field of two-third of the hemisphere. This paper presents the technical description of the FedSat Orbit Determination and Tracking (FODT) software, which is used to perform FedSat orbit
filtering and prediction on daily basis. We present results from GPS flight data sets of two periods: the very first 24 hour data collected on Day 364/02 and the very first data sets of 5 consecutive days in March 2003. The analysis is focused on the evaluation of the FedSat flight GPS data quality and the accuracy of orbit propagation solutions currently achievable with the FODT software. The results from the two data periods have shown that the FODT derived FedSat orbits from code measurements can be propagated forward 72 and 96 hours with the maximal orbit errors of 120m and 240m respectively, which will satisfy the precise pointing requirement for Ka-Band tracking. In general, these preliminary FedSat orbit determination results are considered encouraging and promising, given consideration of rather harsh FedSat observational environment.


ABSTRACT This essay explores the stories and lies told to children during the Holocaust, and how these operate as forms of preparation and protection within and outside the narrative. In Roberto Benigni's Life is Beautiful (1997) and Mark Herman's The Boy in the Striped Pajamas (2008) parents seek to protect children from the knowledge of war, but this prevents anxiety-preparation. In contrast, the historical document Fairy Tales from Auschwitz does not deny the horrific reality of life in the camp, but uses the fairy tale genre as a reassurance of morality and survival.


Deep dredging in the Tonga Trench (Southwest Pacific Ocean) at a depth of 9150 to 9400 m yielded fresh to granulated and serpentinized peridotite and dunite. Other rocks recovered there and at three stations deeper than 7000 m include basalts, tuffs, and tuffaceous agglomerates.

Chemical analyses of the fresh peridotite, with combined H2O < 0.10 weight percent, indicate that the rock consists of Si, Mg, Fe (6 percent), and Cr + Ni about 0.7 percent. Mineralogically, the peridotite contains forsteritic olivine and enstatite with minor spinels.

The ultramafic mass exposed at 9400 m probably is an accumulate exposed by faulting.


While the comprehensive merits of high safety and high capacity make Li3VO4 (LVO) a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the practical application of LVO was severely impeded by the unfavorable high-rate capability and unscalable preparation. Here, LVO/N doped C nanosheets (LVO@NC NSs) assembled from primary LVO@NC nanoparticles are prepared via a scalable and concise spray drying approach. The 2D morphology and the interconnected LVO@NC constituents endow the LVO@NC NSs with continuously excellent reaction activity, leading to prominent rate performance. When cycling at 0.2 A g-1, the obtained LVO@NC NSs exhibit a high charge capacity of 628.4 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles, showing little improvement compared with the initial charge capacity. After 9 periods of rate testing ranging from 0.1 to 6.0 A g-1 for 460 cycles, a high charge capacity of 610.3 mAh g-1 remains. It also exhibits an outstanding long lifespan at the charge/discharge currents of 3.0/6.0 A g-1, delivering a high charge capacity of 277.0 mAh g-1 in the 5000th cycle. The scalable and concise preparation as well as the enhanced high-rate capability of the LVO@NC NSs make them hold great promise as an anode candidate for high-power lithium-ion storage devices.


Various approaches to the design of self-tuners for application in HVAC systems have been proposed. Designs fall into two main categories: model-based algorithms in which the parameters of the PID controller are related to the parameters of a transfer-function model of the plant, the parameters of the model being determined in open or closed loop from step tests or estimated using a recursive parameter estimator; and empirical rule-based algorithms in which the parameters of the PID controller are determined by a set of heuristic rules. Examples of each are examined, and it is shown that good design and implementation of the supervisor is essential if self-tuning controllers are to be applied successfully to HVAC systems. The selection of suitable control loops should take account of what prior knowledge is available, and plant must be designed and commissioned properly if the advantages of self-tuning control are to be realised in practice.<
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A novel rapid HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of montelukast and doxofylline in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Development of an analytical method for simultaneous estimation of drugs requires a lot of efforts and of course it is a challenging task. The method was developed by using C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 \(\mu\)\(\mu\)m) column; mobile phase consisting of methanol and phosphate buffer at pH 4.5; the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and ultraviolet detection at 280 nm. Both drugs were sufficiently resolved having retention time of 4.7 min and 1.9 min for montelukast and doxofylline, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH Guidelines for various parameters like precision, linearity, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness. The validated method was applied to the commercially available pharmaceutical dosage form and obtained the desired result. It is concluded that this method can be used by the industries and academic institutions for their combination drug estimation, which is fast as well as novel.


BACKGROUND
Gun-shot wound head injury comprises a substantial fraction of combat injuries and a major cause of death in the battlefield. Current shielding gear is totally ineffective against bullets, because bullet-proof materials are too heavy to be worn on the head. The aim of this work was to describe the anatomic distribution of bullet entry wounds to the head in combat fatalities and to discern whether distribution is random (null hypothesis) or not.

METHODS
We retrospectively examined the forensic external examination reports of all Israeli Defense Forces combat fatalities during the years 2000 to 2004, the Second Lebanon War (2006), and Operation Cast Lead (2009) and mapped the exact anatomic location of all bullet entry wounds to the calvaria.

RESULTS
We found 76 gun-shot entry wounds to the heads of 49 fatalities. Among these wounds, the occipital and anterior-temporal regions were found to be hit significantly more often than expected compared with their relative surface area (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Fifty-five percent of all injuries occurred within 15% of the surface area of skull.

CONCLUSIONS
These findings imply that gun-shot entry wounds to the head are unevenly distributed. A partially bullet-proof protective helmet may prevent a substantial fraction of injuries (and fatalities) without a significant weight addition to the helmet.


Author(s): Liu, Yanjun | Advisor(s): Jennings, Kent | Abstract: Chinese people tend to disaggregate the state and see the authoritarian leviathan as divided in terms of their high trust in the central state but much lower trust in the local state. This pattern stands interestingly in contrast to that in many mature democracies, where citizens tend to trust the local state more than the central state. While the authoritarian variant of hierarchical popular legitimacy has been identified in some Chinese as well as cross-national surveys, little has been known about its formation and its influence on mass political participation and authoritarian politics. Relatedly, little attention has been paid to the roles of the multilevel architecture of government and public perceptions of it in entrenching or subverting authoritarian rule. Leveraging quasi-experiment designs, process tracing, and statistical modeling, the three studies reported here focus on China as a case in point and aim to fill the gap in the burgeoning literature on resilient and comparative authoritarianism. Theoretically, I argue that the hierarchical popular legitimacy in China has two main contemporary sources—the unfunded populist redistribution programs launched by the central government but devolved to local governments to implement (redistributive politics), and the centralized information management permitting investigative reporting on local levels but muting criticisms toward the central government and high-level officials (information politics)—which induce the mass public to credit the central state in good times while blaming local governments in hard times. As a consequence, individuals with such a mind-set tend to seek justice from above using confrontational tactics rather than invest in demanding local democratic processes to address their grievances (contentious politics). Empirically, to test my proposition on the politics of redistribution, I exploited the agricultural tax policy change in China as a quasi-experiment and the difference-in-difference approach. The results indicate that populist redistribution policies in China elevate public trust in the central government while decreasing that in local governments. To test my proposition on information politics, I used the media exposure of an official corruption scandal in China as a natural experiment and the regression-discontinuity approach complemented with process tracing. The results show that the effectiveness of the Chinese regime's efforts to shape public opinion is largely contingent on the type of framing initiators and the timing of the state's entrance into the framing process. To test my proposition about mass political participation, I employed latent class analysis for classifications of four participatory types and multinomial logistical regressions. The results reveal that a divided leviathan in mind promotes the dramatically increasing yet routinized mass agitating political activism in recent decades. The interactions between multilevel political authorities and the mass public culminating in the making of a divided leviathan help to sustain the top-down authoritarian rule in China. By decomposing popular legitimacy vertically and connecting macro-institutional/structural processes to micro-attitudinal/behavioral dynamics, this dissertation, with its design-based empirical strategies, hopes to shed light on the sources of authoritarian survival and to provide a new avenue where the studies of authoritarian regimes, mass politics, and intergovernmental relations intersect.


According to the latest data, the financial literacy index in Indonesia stood at 38%. This figure was definitely an improvement compared to previous years, but was still considerably behind compared to the global standard. Taking into account gender disparity in Indonesia, this figure becomes even more abysmal as the financial literacy index for women is substantially lower than men. To solve this problem, a social media knowledge management framework is proposed to structure and disseminate financial knowledge with the purpose of improving the financial literacy index, especially for women, in Indonesia. This knowledge management platform is supported by a financial education program that has been developed based on the characteristics and needs of typical women in Indonesia. To further substantiate the findings of this study, a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with the aim to acquire a better understanding of various aspects of financial literacy from the perspective of women. In total, 13 women who lived in Bandung were chosen as the main subject of this study based on a judgment sampling technique. Encouragingly, more than three-quarter of the respondents were considered to be well-literate. Digging deeper into the data, however, presents a much more nuanced and complicated insight regarding the behavior of the respondents as most of the respondents simultaneously exhibit a very wide range behavior ranging from discipline to carelessness when managing their money.


Many municipalities are working to protect and grow their urban forest, including adopting private tree regulations. Such regulations typically require property-owners to apply for a permit to remove trees and, if the permit is granted, plant replacement trees. Even with such regulations, many private trees are removed each year, particularly on residential property. Property-level construction activity, including expanding building footprints, replacing an older home with a new one, and increasing hardscaping, is emerging as a key driver of residential tree loss. This study addresses whether homeowners who receive a permit to remove one or more trees comply with the requirement to plant replacement trees to better understand the effect of private tree regulation. We explore this question through a written survey of homeowners who received a tree removal permit and site visits in Toronto (Ontario, Canada). While 70% of all survey participants planted the required replacement trees 2 to 3 years after receiving the permit, only 54% of homeowners whose permit was associated with construction planted. Additionally, most replacement trees were in good health but were dominated by a few genera. We also found significant differences in replacement planting and tree survival across the city's 4 management districts. This study highlights that if resources supporting private tree regulations are limited, tree permits associated with construction should be prioritized for follow-up. Additionally, guidance about diverse species to plant should be communicated to ensure that private tree regulations are supporting the long-term protection of the urban forest.


We consider a spinless ultracold Fermi gas tightly trapped along the axis of an optical resonator and transversely illuminated by a laser closely tuned to a resonator mode. At a certain threshold pump intensity, the homogeneous gas density breaks a Z_{2} symmetry towards a spatially periodic order, which collectively scatters pump photons into the cavity. We show that this known self-ordering transition also occurs for low field seeking fermionic particles when the laser light is blue detuned to an atomic transition. The emergent superradiant optical lattice in this case is homopolar and possesses two distinct dimerizations. Depending on the spontaneously chosen dimerization, the resulting Bloch bands can have a nontrivial topological structure characterized by a nonvanishing Zak phase. In the case where the Fermi momentum is close to half of the cavity-mode wave number, a Peierls-like instability here creates a topological insulator with a gap at the Fermi surface, which hosts a pair of edge states. The topological features of the system can be nondestructively observed via the cavity output: the Zak phase of the bulk coincides with the relative phase between laser and cavity field, while the fingerprint of edge states can be observed as additional broadening in a well-defined frequency window of the cavity spectrum.


Catalysts consisting of atomically dispersed Pt (Pt¬iso) species on CeO2 supports have received recent interest due to their potential for efficient metal utilization in catalytic convertors. However, discrepancies exist between the behavior (reducibility, interaction strength with adsorbates) of high surface area Ptiso/CeO2 systems and of well-defined surface science and computational model systems, suggesting differences in Pt local coordination in the two classes of materials. Here, we reconcile these differences by demonstrating that high surface area Ptiso/CeO2 synthesized at low Pt loadings (< 0.1 % weight) exhibit resistance to reduction and sintering up to 500 °C in 0.05 bar H2 and minimal interactions with CO - properties previously seen only for model system studies. Alternatively, Pt loadings > 0.1 weight % produce a distribution of sub nanometer Pt structures, which are difficult to distinguish using common characterization techniques, and exhibit strong interactions with CO and weak resistance to sintering, even in 0.05 bar H2 at 50 °C - properties previously seen for high surface area materials. This work demonstrates that low metal loadings can be used to selectively populate the most thermodynamically stable adsorption sites on high surface area supports with atomically dispersed metals. Further, the site uniformity afforded by this synthetic approach is critical for the development of relationships between atomic scale local coordination and functional properties. Comparisons to recent studies of Ptiso/TiO2 suggest a general compromise between the stability of atomically dispersed metal catalysts and their ability to interact with and activate molecular species.


SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic in early 2020 and has resulted in more than 8,000,000 infections as well as 430,000 deaths in the world so far. Four structural proteins, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) glycoprotein, play a key role in controlling the entry into human cells and virion assembly of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these genes evolve during its human to human transmission is largely unknown. In this study, we screened and analyzed roughly 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from GenBank database. The distribution of the four gene alleles is determined:16 for E, 40 for M, 131 for N and 173 for S genes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that global SARS-CoV-2 isolates can be clustered into three to four major clades based on the protein sequences of these genes. Intragenic recombination event isn't detected among different alleles. However, purifying selection has conducted on the evolution of these genes. By analyzing full genomic sequences of these alleles using codon-substitution models (M8, M3 and M2a) and likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) of codeML package, it reveals that codon 614 of S glycoprotein has subjected to strong positive selection pressure and a persistent D614G mutation is identified. The definitive positive selection of D614G mutation is further confirmed by internal fixed effects likelihood (IFEL) and Evolutionary Fingerprinting methods implemented in Hyphy package. In addition, another potential positive selection site at codon 5 in the signal sequence of the S protein is also identified. The allele containing D614G mutation has undergone significant expansion during SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic, implying a better adaptability of isolates with the mutation. However, L5F allele expansion is relatively restricted. The D614G mutation is located at the subdomain 2 (SD2) of C-terminal portion (CTP) of the S1 subunit. Protein structural modeling shows that the D614G mutation may cause the disruption of salt bridge among S protein monomers increase their flexibility, and in turn promote receptor binding domain (RBD) opening, virus attachment and entry into host cells. Located at the signal sequence of S protein as it is, L5F mutation may facilitate the protein folding, assembly, and secretion of the virus. This is the first evidence of positive Darwinian selection in the spike gene of SARS-CoV-2, which contributes to a better understanding of the adaptive mechanism of this virus and help to provide insights for developing novel therapeutic approaches as well as effective vaccines by targeting on mutation sites.


This paper presents a fast CO2 laser synthesis and writing technique - laser photothermal synthesis and writing (LPSW) - to generate and write a high concentration of unaggregated, spherical sub-10 nm metal nanoparticles (sMNPs). The method is generic, and we demonstrate the fabrication of Ni, Cu, and Ag directly in polymer thin films. A partly IR-absorbing thin polymer film can be heated by the laser to high temperatures in a short time, triggering metal-reduction, nucleation, and growth. Rapid quenching of polymer films suppresses particle diffusion and traps the generated sMNPs in the polymer film. As a result, these particles are immobilized in the laser illuminated spot ("written" by the laser) on quenching. Here, Ag-polymer films are used as a model to demonstrate how laser parameters - pulse duration, laser energy flux, and number of pulses (pulsed thermal load) - can be varied to tune particle size distributions of metal sMNPs. Using this approach, we have been able to generate 4-12 nm Ag sMNPs with thermal pulses as short as 35 ms. Fast heating timescales employed in this approach allow for the scalable manufacturing of high yields of metal sMNPs, which we estimate to be around 1 g min-1. This rapid, general synthesis and writing technique may have potentially important applications in fast, large-scale additive manufacturing and patterning of metal-loaded polymer multilayers, flexible electronics, and sensors.


Abstract Vanin-1 (VNN1) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzyme which hydrolyzes pantetheine to pantothenic acid and cysteamine. It has emerged as a promising drug target for many human diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. In the present study we used structure-based virtual screening approach for the identification of small molecule inhibitors of vanin-1. A chemical library consisting of natural compounds, synthetic compounds and RRV analogs were screened for drug-like molecules. The filtered molecules were subjected to molecular docking studies. Three potential hits—ZINC04073864 (Natural compound), CID227017 (synthetic compound) and CID129558381 (RRV analog)—were identified for the target enzyme. The molecules form good number of hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues such as Glu79, Lys178 and Cys211. The apo-VNN1 and VNN1-ligand complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 30 ns. The geometric properties such as root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, solvent accessible surface area, number of hydrogen bonds and the distance between the catalytic triad residues-Glu79, Lys178 and Cys211 were altered upon binding of the compounds. Essential dynamics and entropic studies further confirmed that the fluctuations in VNN1 decrease upon binding of the compounds. The lead molecules were stable throughout the simulation time period. Molecular Mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) studies showed that Van der Waals interaction energy contributes significantly to the total binding free energy. Thus, our study reveals three lead molecules—ZINC04073864, CID227017 and CID129558381 as potential inhibitors of Vanin-1 which can be validated through further studies. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma


The approach to requirements specification for embedded systems described in this paper is called "operational" because a requirements specification is an executable model of the proposed system interacting with its environment. The approach is embodied by the language PAISLey, which is motivated and defined herein. Embedded systems are characterized by asynchronous parallelism, even at the requirements level; PAISLey specifications are constructed by interacting processes so that this can be represented directly. Embedded systems are also characterized by urgent performance requirements, and PAISLey offers a formal, but intuitive, treatment of performance.


A new spelling of the Aramaic lexeme 'wood' has been revealed. The note deals with the paleographic, orthographic, phonetic and phonemic implications of this spelling. It is claimed that in Idumean Aramaic of the fourth century BCE the reflex of the Proto-Semitic lateral fricative emphatic was realized as pharyngeal approximant ayin , what brought to the dissimilation of the first of two pharyngeals in this lexeme.


This paper deals with the concept of open acces in academic libraries, and in relation on the sustainable academic library development discourses. Based on literature review, it was found that open acces play strategic roles in the development of sustainable academic library. It i provides oppotunities and challanges as we ll as needs for academic libraries to re-orientate the r paradigm in providing acces and services to information. Open acces offers a wider acces to information as the implementation of "openes of information" and " library for all" principles. It also provides a foundation for the sustainability of academic libraries and for universi-ty scholarship development


An expression giving the reflection coefficient at the feed of a parabolic antenna fitted with a vertex plate is minimised. The parameters open to optimisation are the vertex plate radius and its distance from the centre of the antenna. Graphs of the reflection coefficient as a function of frequency for some optimisation frequencies are given and compared with the corresponding graphs obtained from another method and from the case where the vertex plate is missing.


This is a guide to assist those experiencing homelessness in need of government assistance. This will introduce some to government sources previously unknown in some cases.


Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that causes growth suppression in cultured cells. We had previously discovered that the triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 did not have growth suppression with vitamin D, while MCF-7 did. MCF-7 cells are not triple-negative and have wild-type p53. Both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 have mutations in p53 and these mutations were a possible explanation for the lack of growth suppression with vitamin D. Our hypothesis was that reactivation of p53 in the triple-negative cell lines would cause them to become sensitive to vitamin D. We chose to use the small molecule PRIMA-1MET to reactivate p53 as it has been previously shown to restore function to the p53 mutants present in MB-231 and MB-468. We then measured the ability of vitamin D and its analogues calcipotriol and EB1089 to suppress growth in the presence of PRIMA-1MET. Here, we show that while PRIMA-1MET can kill the breast cancer cells investigated in this study, it does not restore their sensitivity to vitamin D or its analogues.