The way we perceive and present ourselves is the foundation of our social construction; an individual or group relationship. A particular discourse stems from the social or cultural background, power or social status and can be the best means to open an avenue to peep into individual's sense of self and identity. To be healthy in itself becomes identity when one compares oneself with unhealthy ones; grounding on this assumption, this paper critically examines the discourse of physically disabled student aiming to discuss the realization of his identity and impression of self as expressed through words. I applied Goffman's model as a comprehensive approach to analyze the data to understand the role of health in identity formation. While identity and self will be used largely as synonyms, the attempt is made to analyze the respondent's perception of his self and identity as a social construction. The findings examined within the context of ideological and cultural background and interpreted in the light of Althusser's (1971) ideological framework. The paper concludes by stating that identity is the product of social relationships implicitly formed in the ideological background and is a source of motivation and expectations to transform one into social being capable of expressive control.
 Article DOI : 10.5958/2347-6869.2017.00010.3


This paper presents a method for real time object tracking. The method tracks 3D objects in image sequences and jointly estimates their 3D pose and motion parameters. The solution relies on a state modeling of this estimation problem. We develop a resolution method based on a sequential Monte Carlo method and more particularly on a hybrid particle filter. This approach combines the benefits of the linear filtering with those of the nonlinear filtering by using the linear part of state equations. The proposed method allows a significant reduction in running time and preserves the optimality of the processing. As a consequence, the proposed method allows a real time object tracking


CMOS process is mainstream technique in VLSI, possesses high integration. SE402 is multifunction microcontroller, which integrates image data I/O ports, clock control, exposure control and digital signal processing into one chip. SE402 reduces the number of chips and PCB's room. The paper studies emphatically on USB video image controller used in CMOS image sensor and give the application on digital still camera.


The present paper is dedicated to the investigation of a predictive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy. The objective is to determine the torque split between the internal combustion engine and the electric machine of a hybrid vehicle. The energy management is formulated as a receding optimization problem. To avoid a complex prediction of the vehicle speed and acceleration over time, the slow dynamic of their distribution is exploited. A rational tuning of the algorithm parameters is proposed as well as some improved implementations. The number of individual operations (additions, multiplications, interpolations, etc) required per seconds is discussed. Finally, the energy management algorithm energy consumption are assessed over different driving cycles, including one with a \boldsymbol 15406 ${km}$ length obtained using GPS measurements. A comparison with an adaptive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy is provided. The predictive Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy allows controlling the state of charge close to a (possibly time varying) set point while providing low fuel consumption.


p73, a member of the p53 family, is overexpressed in many cancers. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying this overexpression, we have undertaken a detailed characterization of the human p73 promoter. The promoter is strongly activated in cells expressing exogenous E2F1 and suppressed by exogenous Rb. At least three functional E2F binding sites, located immediately upstream of exon 1 (at 284, 155 and 132) mediate this induction. 50 serially deleted promoter constructs and constructs harboring mutated E2F sites were analyzed for their response to exogenously expressed E2F1 or Rb to establish functionality of these sites. Authenticity of E2F sites was further confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using E2F1/DP1 heterodimers synthesized in vitro, followed by competition assays with unlabeled wildtype or mutant oligonucleotides and supershift analysis using anti -E2F1 antibodies. In vivo binding of E2F1 to the p73 promoter was demonstrated using nuclear extracts prepared from E2F1-inducible Saos2 cells. The region conferring the highest promoter activity was found to reside between 113 to 217 of the p73 gene. Two of the three functional E2F sites (at 155 and 132) reside within this region. Our results suggest that regulation of p73 expression is primarily mediated through binding of E2F1 to target sites at 155 and 132. Neoplasia (2002) 4, 195–203 DOI: 10.1038/sj/neo/7900237


This article presents an analytical model of binary dimensions of narrative practice perceived as two continua between the oppositions of subjectivity/objectivity and structure/agency. Such narrative practice is considered as a site for professional 'identification' and self-knowing. The analytical model provided a framework that was applied to a series of professional life history narrative events and follow-up discussions conducted with six early career teacher educators working across two contrasting sites for teacher education. The findings evidence participants' reflections within the narrative events that relate to the descriptors of each quadrant in this model and show that it has utility in describing and understanding the process of identification that takes place within narrative practice.


A new nor-sesquiterpene lactone ainsliatone A(1)was isolated from the aerial parts of Ainsliaea fulvioides.Its structure was established by the basis of spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.


This research aims to determine: 1) the teachers' ICT competence level in the English teaching, 2) the kinds of ICT used by teachers in the English teaching, 3) the extent to which ICT is integrated by the teachers in the English teaching, 4) the problems of ICT integration faced by teachers in the English teaching, and 5) the teachers' way to solve the problems in integrating ICT in the English teaching. The SAMR model was used as the criteria to determine the teachers' integration level of ICT in the English teaching. To gain an in-depth result, this case study focuses on the description of the three English teachers in a senior high school in Lampung as the respondents of the research. To keep the data collected remain consistent, the researcher used triangulation of method, time and resources. The data were collected by doing observation, interview, and distributing questionnaire for the teachers. The collected data were then analyzed based on interactive model data analysis. The data gained are corroborated with each other and show that: 1) the teachers are beginner users regarding their competence to use ICT in teaching, 2) there are nineteen ICTs out of the thirty three common ICTs used in teaching, 3) the integration of ICT using SAMR model is dominated by the substitution level and augmentation level at the second place, 4) there are nine problems faced by the teachers in integrating ICT in English teaching. The occurring problems were divided into internal and external problems such as, lack of the teachers' competence to use ICT and lack of ICT infrastructures provided in the school, and 5) regarding the teachers' ways to solve the problems, the teachers must be initiative to carry their own ICT such as laptop, speaker, and bandwidth cap due to lack of ICT number and lack access to the internet in the school. Furthermore, they just do share with their fellow teachers and search on the internet on how to solve the occurring problems. The teachers stated that they could not do many things since they need help and support from the school, administrator, and stakeholder to solve the occurring problems. The detailed process and problems on the integration of ICT in teaching are presented in this research. This research can be a picture of the current practice of ICT in teaching which shows that the implementation of ICT in teaching needs more monitoring and guidance from the stakeholders. The finding reveals that the teachers needs training which not only equips them with content knowledge but also trains them on how to integrate ICT effectively in teaching. Moreover, the information about the integration of ICT in teaching in this research can be recorded in mapping, analyzing, and creating effective pedagogical ICT training for teachers. Keywords: ICT, English Teaching, SAMR Model, Teachers' Competence


Deployment of electric vehicles as a future mode of transport is essential to lower the greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful gases instigated by conventional engine driven vehicles. Installation of electric vehicle charging stations are one of the prominent aspects for the widespread use of electric vehicles. Improper positioning of electric vehicle charging station creates challenges which in turn affect the electrical network and utility operator. This paper presents a new hybrid approach for investigating the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations. Reactive power compensation is also provided along with charging station to deal with power loss issues and retain the distribution network's reliability. Moreover, vehicle to grid facility has been comprehensively considered in this paper. The proposed algorithm is the hybrid of grey wolf optimization and particle swarm optimization. The hybridization of two algorithms combines the desirable attributes of both algorithms and maintains a strong balance between the exploration and exploitation capability. The proposed hybrid approach is applied on IEEE-33 bus and 34-bus distribution system for minimizing the active power loss and maximizing the net profit. Furthermore, the outcome attained using the anticipated technique is equated with conventional grey wolf optimization (GWO). For 33-bus system, the proposed technique results in loss reduction of 30.67% and maximizing the net profit by 1142.91$ as compared to GWO. Likewise, power losses have been reduced to 27.6% and maximized net profit by 4111.74$ for 34-bus network. The obtained results prove the supremacy of the proposed approach over grey wolf optimization to evaluate locations of charging stations' and reactive power source in radial distribution network.


In this paper, we report the development of rod-shaped semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum rods) as fluorescent biological labels. Water-soluble biocompatible quantum rods have been prepared by surface silanization and applied for nonspecific cell tracking as well as specific cellular targeting. Quantum rods are brighter single molecule probes as compared to quantum dots. They have many potential applications as biological labels in situations where their properties offer advantages over quantum dots.


The purpose of this study was to enlist practitioners in language immersion programs in the identification and elaboration of issues and challenges in immersion language teaching. Through focus groups and extensive individual interviews, 6 elementary Spanish-language immersion teachers in 3 school settings (a suburban full-immersion school and 2 inner-city magnet programs—1 partial and 1 full immersion) served as informants. Five major themes emerged: the primacy of language, the balance between language and content, assessment, the spectrum of learners in immersion programs, and the sociopolitical context of immersion schooling. Within each of these themes, teachers described the particular challenges of immersion teaching and illuminated the complexity of immersion classrooms on a microlevel. In a complex setting where the learning of curricular content and second language acquisition are expected to develop concurrently, teachers are in a unique position to add to our knowledge of immersion schooling.


Accumulating evidence shows that metformin is an insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can exert favorable effects on cardiovascular risk and may be safely used in patients with heart failure (HF), and even able to reduce the incidence of HF and to reduce HF mortality. In failing hearts, metformin improves myocardial energy metabolic status through the activation of AMP (adenosine monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. By increasing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, limiting interstitial fibrosis, reducing the deposition of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis metformin reduces cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, and thereby preserves left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions. While a lot of preclinical and clinical studies showed the cardiovascular safety of metformin therapy in diabetic patients and HF, to confirm observed benefits, the specific large-scale trials configured for HF development in diabetic patients as a primary endpoints are necessary.


Through the analysis of working principle of hydraulic rock drill, the calculation formula of optimal axial thrust for the propulsion system of hydraulic rock drill was obtained. At the same time, on the basis of the existing electro-hydraulic control of hydraulic rock drill, the paper constructed valve-controlled-cylinder system of compound control based on electro-hydraulic proportional pressure-reducing valve and high speed on-off valve as the core, and deduced the mathematical model formula. Finally, this work introduced the fuzzy PID control strategy, and considered optimal axial thrust as the goal to realize on-line, adaptive control to axial thrust of the propulsion system of hydraulic rock drill. Mathematical modeling and simulation study showed that fuzzy PID control method had its advantages as the fast response follow by target, high control precision, and small fluctuation, and provided theory reference for adaptive control of the propulsion system of hydraulic rock drill.


Abstract
Genetic diversity of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) populations in Iran was evaluated using morphological, agronomical and phonological characteristics and compared with three cultivars from Germany, Hungary and Iran. In this experiment, statistical design of RCBD with three replications was used, sixteen quantitative traits were measured such as yield, flower number per plant, anthodium diameter, receptacle diameter, 100 flower weight, essential oil percent, pollen diameter, stomata length, leaf length, leaf width, seed weight, vegetative period, height, generative period dry flower percent and ligulae flower number in 26 populations. Results of variance analysis showed that populations were significantly different for all traits except stomata length. Result of simple correlation analysis showed significant positive and negative correlation among many traits. Vegetative period duration showed significant negative correlation with most of traits. PCA analysis placed 16 traits in three factors that covered 78.89 percent of variance. The first factor, that in fact is Yield and yield components factor, covered 58.46 percent of variance included main traits such as height, yield, flower number per plant, anthodium diameter, receptacle diameter, 100 flower weight, 1000 seed weight and ligulae flower number. Cluster analysis classified populations to 3 main groups and 2 independent populations. Groups mainly have differences in yield and yield components. In this investigation many native populations were similar or better than cultivars, having cultivation potential or breeding programs.

Key words: Genetic diversity, German chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla, morphological markers


In general, living close to a river is advantage, but there is always of flooding risk, that recurrence in recent decades provokes serious material damage and loss of life. Thus, in order to protect environmental health, economic viability and human activity zones of Mayo-Danay, a careful study of components of natural environment, mainly soil, has proved essential. Clearly, use of GIS in management of natural disasters is most relevant method, designed on integration, Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) and spatial data. Thus, Digital Elevation Model is obtained by manual digitization of contour lines, in order to define the large pedological sets on which wells have been opened, profiles described, soil samples taken and analyzed in laboratory. Main results reveal that soils are sandy to clayey, with neutral and basic pH (7 to 8), high CEC and low organic matter. While, quartz is predominant, associated with smectites, illites, feldspars and iron oxyhydroxides. Updated soil map shows five soil units (1) vertisols with hydromorphic characters (26%), (2) tropical ferruginous soils (32%), (3) less evolved hydromorphic soils (15%), (4) halomorphic vertic soils (9%), and (5) hydromorphic vertic soils (18%). It is an excellent tool for work and research, that responds to agronomic and development problems. It is therefore an excellent tool for work and research, which responds to agronomic and development problems. The multi-criteria spatial analysis establishes hazard and vulnerability, crossing of which gives of flood risk areas map, according to hazard level, very high (12%), high (16%), moderate (14%), low (30%) and very low (28%) risks. For this purpose, it emerges that rainfall is relatively low (700 mm/year), but falls very abruptly during short periods, at high intensity with flows exceeding the infiltration capacities. Morphology of low-slope "yayrés" (280 m) (2‰) is bordered by high landscape (500 to 1400 m) that prevent flow of many rivers that converge into plain. Sandy soils dominated by quartz favor fast rising in water table, while very clayey soils governed by 2/1 clayey (smectites) whose behavior induce waterproofing and intense surface runoff that generate flooding. Evidently, land use change leads to transformation of natural spaces into agricultural and urban environments, which makes soils more compact and impermeable, favorable to flooding. Keywords Soil; Flood risks; Mapping; Mayo-Danay Division; Spatial data DOI: https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.501


We report fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements of the translational diffusion of two fluorescent nanoprobes, rhodamine (R6G) and carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), embedded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solutions and gels. The diffusion coefficient was measured as a function of the PVA concentration and pH. Furthermore, we designed and built an optical chamber to determine the diffusion coefficient of the nanoprobes within the PVA solutions and gels subjected to controlled dehydration. We find that 1) lowering pH causes an apparent slowing down of the diffusion of the nanoprobes, 2) increase of PVA concentration and crosslink density also induce slowing down of both nanoprobes, and 3) dehydration induces systematic decrease of the diffusion of TAMRA in both solutions and gels. Taken together, these results demonstrate that transient physical interactions between the nanoprobes and the PVA linear polymers have a significant effect upon nanoprobe diffusion.


Fiber optics provides a compact endoscopy probe, which can look deep inside the tissue [1] . However, conventional microscopy techniques, including fiber-based, are limited by diffraction. The majority of super-resolution techniques rely on the fluorescent labeling of the sample [2] . In contrast, computational ghost imaging (CGI) via sparsity constraint overcomes the diffraction limit without exploiting any specific properties of the fluorescent label [3] . By illuminating the sample with a set of nearly orthogonal intensity patterns and measuring the transmitted intensity, one can numerically reconstruct the sample transmission function with the resolution limited neither by the diffraction nor by Nyquist limits [4] .


Multiple clinical trials employing recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been initiated for neuromuscular disorders, including Duchenne and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, and recently X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM). Previous work from our laboratory on a canine model of XLMTM showed that a single rAAV8-cMTM1 systemic infusion corrects structural abnormalities within the muscle and restores contractile function, with affected dogs surviving more than four years post injection. This exceptional therapeutic efficacy presents a unique opportunity to identify the downstream molecular drivers of XLMTM pathology, and to what extent the whole muscle transcriptome is restored to normal after gene transfer. Herein, RNA-sequencing was used to examine the transcriptomes of the Biceps femoris and Vastus lateralis in a previously-described canine cohort showing dose-dependent clinical improvements after rAAV8-cMTM1 gene transfer. Our analysis confirmed several dysregulated genes previously observed in XLMTM mice, but also identified new transcripts linked to XLMTM pathology. We demonstrated XLMTM transcriptome remodeling and dose-dependent normalization of gene expression after gene transfer and created new metrics to pinpoint potential biomarkers of disease progression and correction.


Higher education for females is an indicator of development, democracy and gender equity, particularly necessary for a nation like Cameroon which attempts to become an emerging country by 2035. Hence, this paper is focused on ascertaining female aspirations to higher education for access and effective participation. In so doing, a study that employed a semi-structured questionnaire collected data from 977 female students about the level of schooling they aspired to attain, the underlying reasons for their choices and their prospected barriers. Simple percentages, chi-square analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that female student' aspirations for higher education were high, challenging the roles of higher education institutions. However, these high aspirations were based on the expectations that higher education participation and completion would be beneficial to the overall development of females and their integration into the world of work. Nevertheless, these aspirations were also tempered by barriers, and to this effect it is recommended that higher education school curricula be reformed to suit the needs of these female aspirers. Equally, financial constraints could be curbed through scholarships and donations from ex-student associations and university systems. Irrespective of this, constant research in this area is necessary as aspirations are complex, dynamic and contextual.

 Key words: Aspirations, higher education, females, barriers, access and effective participation.


The study explores the issue of women principals' leadership in secondary schools in Malaysia. From 2005-2013, the statistics provided by the Educational Planning and Research Division (EPRD), Ministry of Education (MoE), Malaysia, show that the number of women teachers in Malaysia is more than men. However, when it comes to the principalship of schools, the number of women principals is less as compared to that of men. To understand the way women principals enact leadership in the secondary schools in Malaysia, an interpretivist qualitative research approach was employed in this study. The study examined key priorities that determine the leadership of women principals, the interaction of women principals with the stakeholders, and what values they uphold in practising leadership. It further examined the challenges that women principals face when practising leadership, how they deal with the challenges, as well as the supports that exist for women principals' success and attainment of their priorities. The study attempts to understand these issues from women principals' own experiences and perspectives, as well as from the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of those they work with inside and outside the schools.

A multiple case study research was designed to understand how four women principals practise leadership in the secondary schools in Malaysia. The inquiry was accomplished through semi structured interviews with women principals and the stakeholders both inside and outside the schools, as well as the observations of the meetings and other schools' events that involved the participation of the women principals. In addition, the inquiry was also carried out through the analysis of key documents such as minutes of meetings, school progress planner, school magazines, and planning for management and educational administration books.

The findings of this study show that there are three main factors that shape and influence the leadership of women principals in secondary schools in Malaysia. These are; excellence (academic and non-academic), spirituality, and togetherness/kebersamaan. Excellent performance of students is a key priority for the leadership of these women principals. To attain and maintain this excellence, women principals are driven by their spiritual nature and culture that involve values of caring and sharing to lead in ways that are collective, reciprocal, and inclusive. The function of togetherness/kebersamaan symbolizes the commitment to achieving success/excellence as a collective rather than as individuals. The study concludes by highlighting context and culture as key factors shaping and influencing women principals' leadership practice


We simulate the response of Asian summer climate to Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO)-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies using an intermediate-complexity general circulation model (IGCM4). Experiments are performed with seven individual AMO SST anomalies obtained from CMIP5/PMIP3 global climate models as well as their multimodel mean, globally and over the North Atlantic Ocean only, for both the positive and negative phases of the AMO. During the positive (warm) AMO phase, a Rossby wave train propagates eastward, causing a high pressure and warm and dry surface anomalies over eastern China and Japan. During the negative (cool) phase of the AMO, the midlatitude Rossby wave train is less robust, but the model does simulate a warm and dry South Asian monsoon, associated with the movement of the intertropical convergence zone in the tropical Atlantic. The circulation response and associated temperature and precipitation anomalies are sensitive to the choice of AMO SST anomaly pattern. A comparison between global SST and North Atlantic SST perturbation experiments indicates that East Asian climate anomalies are forced from the North Atlantic region, whereas South Asian climate anomalies are more strongly affected by the AMO-related SST anomalies outside the North Atlantic region. Experiments conducted with different amplitudes of negative and positive AMO anomalies show that the temperature response is linear with respect to SST anomaly but the precipitation response is nonlinear.


Inria, the French National Institute for computer science and applied mathematics has been involved for more than 10 years in defining policies and services related to Open Access to scientific information. In 2014, Inria became a partner of the French national infrastructure CCSD, which, together with CNRS and the University of Lyon, develops repository and editorial services for the higher education and research domain. In particular, the HAL publication repository has become a reference platform for the national open access landscape (https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr).
The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) has partnered with Inria to manage their Digital Library on HAL as a corpus of open access papers in information and communication technologies. The IFIP DL is organized as a series of collections (proceedings, books, journals), including embargoed material initially published by commercial publishers such as Springer, ACM or IEEE, as well as publications issued in conjunction to IFIP events (workshops and conferences).
IFIP and Inria have designed a comprehensive workflow to integrate legacy and new content to the digital library by means of a series of validation and transformation processes of XML based description of the metadata associated to each document. Such information comprises a variety of precise descriptors related to bibliography, affiliation and technical descriptions. At the end of the complete process it is eventually transformed into a representation compliant to the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) guidelines. The use of a TEI based representation anticipates further management of scholarly content a (XML based) full text with the prospect of re-publishing capacities in additional formats (e.g. ePub)..
The integration workflow for IFIP content is based upon a two-step process:
- The validation and enrichment of the data delivered by the publisher, where pdf and Springer meta-data are grouped together and further information related to IFIP technical committees is being added;.
- The ingestion proper within HAL, by means of an XSLT transform from the enriched Springer format into the standard TEI-based HAL back-office format followed by an upload through a SWORD interface..
Furthermore, various additional processes (generation of tables of content, thematic collection management, de-duplication of content when some documents already exist in HAL) and actuated on the fly during the integration of each volume. Such processes rely in particular upon the rich API available on HAL..
An important step in the integration of IFIP content on HAL is to check all affiliation information (Institutions, laboratories and research teams) against the integrated authorities database associated to HAL: AureHAL (https://aurehal.archives-ouvertes.fr). This facilitates the production of precise indicators for the digital library (e.g. co-authorship patterns) and ensures the precise monitoring of further usage statistics.
Finally each volume of IFIP DL is a HAL collection with personal design (html pages written manually with a tool provided by HAL) and offer some metrics like number of hits and downloads..
The current IFIP DL is visible under: https://hal.inria.fr//IFIP, all disembargoed documents being available under a CC-BY licence.


The law of evidence has changed dramatically in recent years, with different types of evidence now deemed admissible by a court. This change has also come to India with various changes to the existing legislation. Pursuant to India's obligation to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the Information Technology Act 2000 (hereinafter the Information Technology Act) entered into force. This act legitimized and encouraged electronic commerce in the global marketplace and amended the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 (referred to here as the Evidence Act) to include provisions on electronic evidence. The Evidence Law requires that primary evidence be proven under section 64, while secondary evidence must be proven under section 65. Primary evidence is the type of evidence that is considered to have the highest factual certainty in question. Any evidence excluded from this category is considered secondary evidence. The burden of proof to demonstrate the admissibility of secondary evidence rests with the party presenting the evidence. Section 65A of the Evidence Act requires that electronic evidence be proven in accordance with the provisions of Section 65B. Section 65B was added to the Evidence Act by virtue of Schedule II of the TI Act. It is a provision regarding the admissibility of electronic evidence. It establishes that any information contained in an electronic document is considered a document admissible as evidence and original, provided that it meets the conditions established in sections 65B (2) to 65B (5). Therefore, each piece of electronic evidence must be accompanied by a certificate issued after the checklist provided for in section 65B has been completed.


Post-paralytic associated movements ("co-contractions") in 16 cases with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OPP) were studied by a neurographic method. This consisted of stimulating a nerve and searching for heterogeneous motor axon reflexes (HAR) in the muscles of the upper limb and shoulder. HAR can be elicited when branches of a single axon reach two different muscles, even very distant from each other. The anatomy of the plexus and the fact that regenerating axons maintain direction determine the frequency with which two muscles are connected. Most HAR are recorded in muscles innervated by the same nerve or roots. More than 800 of them were recorded, mainly in muscles with associated movements. Motor fibers were also detected in sensory nerves. The synkinesis can be explained by a complexe misdirection ("fausse route complexe"): the branches of a single axon reach several muscles. There is no need to propose a simple misdirection ("fausse route"), implying that an axon simply changes direction to innervate another muscle, nor to call upon modifications of the central motor patterns. The proposed mechanisms of associated movements in the OPP explains the impossibility of suppressing them by reeducation.


The present study including determined blood picture by measuring red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and white blood cells in common carp Cyprinus carpio, as well as description behavior and growth of carp fish .In order to estimate LC50 used 240 fingerlings of common carp Cyprinus carpio were exposed to 0.0008μg/L, 0.0010μg/L, 0.0011μg/L, 0.0012μg/L, 0.0013μg/L, 0.0014μg/L and 0.0015μg/L. The LC50 of endosulfan was 0.0012μg/L for 48h of exposure Fish behavioral were recorded that showed abnormalities after exposure to the various endosulfan concentrations such as increase swimming activity, hypersensitivity, jerky movement, violent movements, loss of equilibrium, hyperactivity, increase operculum movement, frequent jumping, swimming at the water surface, erratic swimming, spiraling, convulsion, escape attempts from the aquarium with respiratory stress and decrease in respiratory rate as well as a significant decrease at (P<0.05) in body weight of all treated groups. The result of blood picture showed a significant reduction in red blood cells count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume values while the number of white blood cells was showed a significant increase in its values. Key word : Endosulfan , Hematology, Pesticide,Cyprinus carpio


A simple and compact design of the laser system is important for realization of compact atom interferometers (AIs). We design and realize a simple fiber bench-based 780-nm laser system used for 85Rb AI-based gravimeters. The laser system contains only one 780 nm seed laser, and the traditional frequency-doubling-module is not used. The Raman beams are shared with one pair of the cooling beams by using a liquid crystal variable retarder based polarization control technique. This laser system is applied to a compact AI-based gravimeter, and a best gravity measurement sensitivity of 230 μGal/Hz1/2 is achieved. The gravity measurements for more than one day are also performed, and the long-term stability of the gravimeter is 5.5 μGal.


Gene expression and morphology both play a key role in determining the types and functions of cells, but the relationship between molecular and morphological features is largely uncharacterized. We present MorphNet, a computational approach that can draw pictures of a cell's morphology from its gene expression profile. Our approach leverages paired morphology and molecular data to train a neural network that can predict nuclear or whole-cell morphology from gene expression. We employ state-of-the-art data augmentation techniques that allow training using as few as 103 images. We find that MorphNet can generate novel, realistic morphological images that retain the complex relationship between gene expression and cell appearance. We then train MorphNet to generate nuclear morphology from gene expression using brain-wide MERFISH data. In addition, we show that MorphNet can generate neuron morphologies with realistic axonal and dendritic structures. MorphNet generalizes to unseen brain regions, allowing prediction of neuron morphologies across the entire mouse isocortex and even non-cortical regions. We show that MorphNet performs meaningful latent space interpolation, allowing prediction of the effects of gene expression variation on morphology. Finally, we provide a web server that allows users to predict neuron morphologies for their own scRNA-seq data. MorphNet represents a powerful new approach for linking gene expression and morphology.


This study aimed to analyze the influence of consumer ethnocentrism and perceived value to purchase intention using brand image as mediator study case on consumer of Batik Semarang. This study used two independent variables are consumer ethnocentrism and perceived value, purchase intention variable as a dependent variable and then brand image variable as an intervening variable.
Simple random sampling method is used for this research. Sample were collected from 100 respondents who ever had experienced to buy Batik Semarang. Multiple regression analysis is used for this study.
The results showed that consumer ethnocentrism have positive effect to brand image, perceived value have positive and significant effect to brand image and consumer ethnocentrism, perceived value, brand image have positive and significant effect to purchase intention.


Symbiotic relationships contribute considerably to the high biodiversity found on coral reefs. Coral-dwelling gall crabs (Cryptochiridae) represent a prime example of coral-associated invertebrates that exhibit obligate relationships with their host. The induction of a skeletal modification in the coral, used as a dwelling by the crab, is the most remarkable aspect of this close association. Here we examined Hapalocarcinus marsupialisStimpson, 1859, collected from Pocillopora and Stylophora corals in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea. Specimens were DNA barcoded, and five distinct clades were revealed, providing further evidence for the hypothesis that H. marsupialis is a species complex. Divergence (COI) between the clades ranged from 3.2 to 15.7%. The putative species were tested for differences in morphology and reproduction. Crabs were examined regarding morphometric characters (carapace length and width, pleon (abdomen), chelae, and growth patterns) and reproductive traits. The data were pooled and analysed by host genus and putative species, which revealed significant differences for most of the measured variables in female crabs. Specimens retrieved from Pocillopora were significantly larger (up to 49 %) and had higher fecundity than those inhabiting Stylophora. For reproductive output (RO) no differences at species- or host-genus level were detected. The average RO of ~70% over all specimens is high compared to other brachyurans, supporting the assumption that symbiotic brachyurans invest more energy in reproduction than their free-living counterparts. Discrepancies with published data on growth and reproduction of Hapalocarcinus are discussed. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of morphometric traits and fecundity in separating the clades in the H. marsupialis complex, and prepare the ground for further morphometric studies on the genus and other symbiotic brachyurans. Moreover, it highlights the need to check for the presence of cryptic species when studying aspects of the biology of a species.


This publication, DoD 5200.28-STD, "Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria," is issued under the authority of an in accordance with DoD Directive 5200.28, "Security Requirements for Automatic Data Processing (ADP) Systems," and in furtherance of responsibilities assigned by DoD Directive 52l5.l, "Computer Security Evaluation Center." Its purpose is to provide technical hardware/firmware/software security criteria and associated technical evaluation methodologies in support of the overall ADP system security policy, evaluation and approval/accreditation responsibilities promulgated by DoD Directive 5200.28.


Many diseases and other important phenotypic outcomes are the result of a combination of factors. For example, expression levels of genes have been used as input to various statistical methods for predicting phenotypic outcomes. One particular popular variety is the so-called gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). This paper discusses an augmentation to an existing strategy to estimate the significance of an associations between a disease outcome and a predetermined combination of biological factors, based on a specific data adaptive regression method (the "Super Learner," van der Laan et al., 2007). The procedure uses an aggressive search procedure, potentially resulting in final models that imply associations that would not be discovered using non data-adaptive procedures (e.g., multiple linear regression). A test statistic derived from the "fit" of the Super Learner model to the original data is compared to the permutation distribution of the same statistic, the latter being generated by permuting the outcome labels with respect to the covariate vectors. This comparison is the basis for rejection criteria for the null hypothesis of no association between a set of biological factors (e.g., gene expression levels) and binary phenotypic outcomes. We include simulations that compare the statistical power of the test derived from the Super Learner method with that of other methods for two different data generating distributions.


The relationships between canopy density of three perennial weed species (Potentilla pacifica Howell, Aster subspicatus Nees, and Lotus corniculatus L.) and 'Mcfarlin' and 'Stevens' cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) yield and fruit quality were evaluated. Yield was more severely affected by weed interferences than fruit size or color. Best-fit regression equations for the effects of weed density on yield, fruit size, and color were linear or quadratic polynomials with a strong linear component. For each bog, the slope of the linear relationship between yield and weed density was more negative as the mean yield of weed-free controls increased. 'Stevens' fruit size and yield were more sensitive and fruit color was less sensitive to changes in P. pacifica population density than those of 'McFarlin'.


Section 1. Limnological and waterfowl food supply characteristics of Pukepuke Lagoon are described. Emphasis is placed on describing how the balance between macrophytes and phytoplankton is established (these two forms of vegetation tend to dominate alternately in the lagoon). The question of whether heavy swan grazing may potentially shift this balance in favour of phytoplankton dominance is examined. Section 2. The year-round patterns of feeding exhibited by mallards are described on the basis of scan counts taken at one or two-hourly intervals from dawn to dusk. These feeding patterns, graphically depicted, are then interpreted and discussed against the background of what is known of the food content of the lagoon. Reference is made to the behavioural and physiological adaptability of the birds, and to the reserve capacity of the wetland complex - not just Pukepuke Lagoon - to sustain them. The relevance of these findings and interpretations, to New Zealand in general is discussed. Section 3. An hypothesis is developed to account for the way in which black swans use various waters in the Pukepuke-centred wetland complex.


Web 2.0, the second phase in the Web's evolution, is attracting the attention of IT professionals, businesses, and Web users. Web 2.0 is also called the wisdom Web, people-centric Web, participative Web, and read/write Web. Web 2.0 harnesses the Web in a more interactive and collaborative manner, emphasizing peers' social interaction and collective intelligence, and presents new opportunities for leveraging the Web and engaging its users more effectively. Within the last two to three years, Web 2.0, ignited by successful Web 2.0 based social applications such as MySpace, Flickr, and YouTube, has been forging new applications that were previously unimaginable.


West Nile virus (WNV) reemerged in Morocco in September 2003, causing an equine outbreak. A WNV strain isolated from a brain biopsy was completely sequenced. On the basis of phylogenetic analyses, Moroccan WNV strains isolated during the 1996 and 2003 outbreaks were closely related to other strains responsible for equine outbreaks in the western Mediterranean basin.


Transitional millisecond pulsars are an emerging class of sources that link low-mass X-ray binaries to millisecond radio pulsars in binary systems. These pulsars alternate between a radio pulsar state and an active low-luminosity X-ray disc state. During the active state, these sources exhibit two distinct emission modes (high and low) that alternate unpredictably, abruptly, and incessantly. X-ray to optical pulsations are observed only during the high mode. The root cause of this puzzling behaviour remains elusive. This paper presents the results of the most extensive multi-wavelength campaign ever conducted on the transitional pulsar prototype, PSR J1023+0038, covering from the radio to X-rays. The campaign was carried out over two nights in June 2021 and involved 12 different telescopes and instruments, including XMM-Newton, HST, VLT/FORS2 (in polarimetric mode), ALMA, VLA, and FAST. By modelling the broadband spectral energy distributions in both emission modes, we show that the mode switches are caused by changes in the innermost region of the accretion disc. These changes trigger the emission of discrete mass ejections, which occur on top of a compact jet, as testified by the detection of at least one short-duration millimetre flare with ALMA at the high-to-low mode switch. The pulsar is subsequently re-enshrouded, completing our picture of the mode switches.


THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BREAD The National loaf has darkened in colour and dwindled in size, and bread and flour are now to be rationed. At the present critical time informed medical opinion is necessary both to prevent undue dismay among the general public and to counteract any possible complacency among those in authority. It is fortunate, therefore, that the Nutrition Society should recently have published a full account' of its important conference in February, 1945, on " Factors Affecting the Nutritive Value of Bread as Human Food." Judged solely on its content of nutrients, brown wholemeal flour, in which 100% of the grain is "extracted," is much superior to white flour, in which as little as 70% of the grain may be used. McCance has compared the amounts of nutrients present in the whole wheat grain with those found in the central portion of its endosperm, from which the whitest fraction of flour is derived, and his data leave no room for doubt. Thus the protein contents of the whole grain and the endosperm are given as 8.9% and 8.1% respectively, fat 2.2% and 0.7%, phosphorus 311 and 59 mg.%, iron 3 and 0.5 mg.%, vitamin B1 1.6 and 0.1 i.u. per g., riboflavin 1.5 and 0.4 ,g. per g., and nicotinic acid 42 and 5 Mg. per g. Only in carbohydrates does the endosperm surpass the whole wheat, containing 75.8 %, as against 66.8%. Similarly the amounts of nutrients in intermediate grades of flour may be correlated with the percentage of the whole grain which is included. Thus the present light-brown flour of 90% extraction is superior to the 85%, 821%, and 80% brokenwhite flours which we had in the less hungry days during and just after the war. In general the amounts of vitamins and minerals decrease steadily with reduced rates of extraction, until, according to Kodicek, a minimum is reached at about 70%. The different nutrients, however, are present in widely varying concentrations in different parts of the "offals." As a result the amounts of individual factors in flours of different extractions do not run quite parallel. Because the scutellum is very rich in vitamin B, flour of 85% extraction milled to contain this fraction is little inferior to wholemeal in its vitamin B1 content. Copping gives values of 1.40, 1.15, and 0.35 i.u. per g. for wholemeal, 85%, and 73 % extraction flours respectively. The nutrient contents of flours, however, represent but part of the story. Many people prefer the neutral taste of white bread to the slightly bitter taste of brown. Thetexture of brown bread often tends to be harsh. A high proportion of indigestible fibre may cause diarrhoea in sensitive persons, while the heavy manual worker has to eat a greater bulk of brown bread than of white to satisfy


Summary
This paper examines the relationship between psychological contract breach and insomnia among older workers (aged 40 years and up). Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, we conceptualize breach as a stressful event characterized by a perceived threat, failure to gain, or actual loss of valued resources, which increases psychological distress and insomnia. Moreover, we hypothesized that older workers' generativity concerns would act as a personal resource that would buffer the negative impact of breach. We tested our proposed model in 2 studies (Study 1 = 123; Study 2 = 168) of employee–spouse dyads. Results revealed that psychological distress mediated the relationship between psychological contract breach and insomnia. These mediated relationships were significant for those with low, but not for those with high levels of generativity concerns. These effects remained significant even after controlling for perceived organizational support (i.e., a social exchange mechanism). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Texture analysis is one of the most important techniques that have been used in image processing for many purposes, including image classification. The texture determines the region of a given gray level image, and reflects its relevant information. Several methods of analysis have been invented and developed to deal with texture in recent years, and each one has its own method of extracting features from the texture. These methods can be divided into two main approaches: statistical methods and processing methods. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is the most popular statistical method used to get features from the texture. In addition to GLCM, a number of equations of Haralick characteristics will be used to calculate values used as discriminate features among different images in this study. There are many parameters of GLCM that should be taken into consideration to increase the discrimination between images belonging to different classes. In this study, we aim to evaluate GLCM parameters. For three decades now, GLCM is popular method used for texture analysis. Neural network which is one of supervised methods will also be used as a classifier. And finally, the database for this study will be images prepared from UMD (University of Maryland database).


Atomic resolution RNA structures are being published at an increasing rate. It is common to find a modest number of non-canonical base pairs in these structures in addition to the usual Watson-Crick pairs. This database summarizes the occurrence of these rare base pairs in accordance with standard nomenclature. The database, http://prion.bchs.uh.edu/, contains information such as sequence context, sugar pucker conformation, anti / syn base conformations, chemical shift, p K (a)values, melting temperature and free energy. Of the 29 anticipated pairs with two or more hydrogen bonds, 20 have been encountered to date. In addition, four unexpected pairs with two hydrogen bonds have been reported bringing the total to 24. Single hydrogen bond versions of five of the expected geometries have been encountered among the single hydrogen bond interactions. In addition, 18 different types of base triplets have been encountered, each of which involves three to six hydrogen bonds. The vast majority of the rare base pairs are antiparallel with the bases in the anti configuration relative to the ribose. The most common are the GU wobble, the Sheared GA pair, the Reverse Hoogsteen pair and the GA imino pair.


With the objective to make a diagnosis the dynamics of the supervision of the periods of training in courses of Graduation in Physical Education after the publication of Resolutions CNE/CP no 01 and 02/2002, no 07/2004 and no 02/2007 and to verify its application, had been interviewed seven university professors, who guide curricular periods of training in six Institutions of Universities privates of the Great Sao Paulo. The interview, half-structuralized, counted on seven open questions enclosing the dynamics of the periods of training, hours of duration, number of pupils guided for each teacher, among others aspects. For the treatment of the data, the technique of content analysis was used. In all the searched institutions the period of training is demanded from the half of the course; projects of research and extension that were validated as hours/period of training and contemplated one discipline destined to the periods of training, to the exception of one of them. The hours of period of training to fulfill had varied between 324 and 540 hours. Significant differences in relation to the number of guided persons varying between 5 to 200 students for teacher who orientates. In only one University quarrels occurred on the presented reports. It was perceived inexistence of uniformity between searched institutions and, in some, the absence of quarrels regarding the periods of training evidences that the Universities have a little committed with the quality of this experience in the process of professional formation and that, perhaps, more specific rules of law on maximum number of pupils guided for person who orientates could collaborate so that this problem was minimized.


Summary: The relationship between protein synthesis during appressorial formation and the ability of appressoria to form penetration hyphae in nitrocellulose membranes was investigated for the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium. Cycloheximide treatment before appressorial pigmentation inhibited the formation both of penetration hyphae and of haloes, the latter resulting from the partial degradation of cellulose membranes; but treatment after appressorial pigmentation did not inhibit halo formation. When spores were transferred to 32 °C before appressoria became pigmented, both pigmentation and penetration were prevented. In the presence of 1 mM-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) at 32 °C, pigmentation was restored, but the formation of haloes and penetration hyphae was still prevented. Penetration into cellulose membranes pretreated with cellulase was observed from 20–30% of appressoria which had been formed in the presence of cycloheximide at 24 °C or in the presence of DOPA at 32 °C. The results suggest that there are two phases of protein synthesis following spore germination, only the first of which is involved in halo formation.


Synopsis : Viscosity measurements of the molten oxides and the mold powders during the electric power supply are conducted by the rotational cylinder method in order to examine the viscosity change by the electric power. It is derived from the measurement that the viscosity increases by AC power supply and that viscosity change is increase or decrease in DC power supply. It is cleared by the MD analysis that growing network is the main mechanism of viscosity change in AC power supply. On the other, it is found that the viscosity change is occurred by electrolysis in DC power suuply. These results indicate the possibility of the viscosity control of the mold powder by the electric power.


The determination of crack propagation velocities can provide valuable information for a better understanding of damage processes of concrete. The spatio-temporal analysis of crack patterns developing at a speed of several hundred meters per second is a rather challenging task. In the paper, a photogrammetric procedure for the determination of crack propagation velocities in concrete specimens using high-speed camera image sequences is presented. A cascaded image sequence processing which starts with the computation of displacement vector fields for a dense pattern of points on the specimen's surface between consecutive time steps of the image sequence chain has been developed. These surface points are triangulated into a mesh, and as representations of cracks, discontinuities in the displacement vector fields are found by a deformation analysis applied to all triangles of the mesh. Connected components of the deformed triangles are computed using region-growing techniques. Then, the crack tips are determined using the principal component analysis. The tips are tracked in the image sequence and the velocities between the time stamps of the images are derived. A major advantage of this method as compared to the established techniques is in the fact that it allows spatio-temporally resolved, full-field measurements rather than point-wise measurements. Furthermore, information on the crack width can be obtained simultaneously. To validate the experimentation, the authors processed image sequences of tests on four compact-tension specimens performed on a split-Hopkinson tension bar. The images were taken by a high-speed camera at a frame rate of 160,000 images per second. By applying the developed image sequence processing procedure to these datasets, crack propagation velocities of about 800 m/s were determined with a precision in the order of 50 m/s.


A flow cytometry-assisted mix-and-read assay is developed for ultrasensitive detection of protein kinase activity by use of Zr(4+)-functionalized mesoporous SiO2 microspheres (ZrMMs). This strategy integrates the distinct advantages of ZrMMs for highly specific recognition as well as high capacity binding of kinase-induced fluorescent phosphopeptides and flow cytometry for powerful and separation-free bead analysis, leading to an ultrahigh sensitivity for kinase analysis in a extremely simple mix-and-read manner. Furthermore, this ultrasensitive design is well suitable for detection of cell kinase activities in complex biological samples and for screening of potential protein kinase inhibitors, which is of great significance for the development of targeted therapy, clinical diagnosis, and studies of cellular signal transduction pathways.


This paper proposes an extension of the Gravitational Search Algorithm GSA to multi-objective optimization problems. The new algorithm, called Non-dominated Sorting GSA NSGSA, utilizes the non-dominated sorting concept to update the gravitational acceleration of the particles. An external archive is also used to store the Pareto optimal solutions and to provide some elitism. It also guides the search toward the non-crowding and the extreme regions of the Pareto front. A new criterion is proposed to update the external archive and two new mutation operators are also proposed to promote the diversity within the swarm. Numerical results show that NSGSA can obtain comparable and even better performances as compared to the previous multi-objective variant of GSA and some other multi-objective optimization algorithms.


Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent, but aggressive fatal subtype of thyroid cancer. The osteoclastic variant of anaplastic carcinoma is a rare subtype of anaplastic carcinoma with rare cases reported in the literature. Molecular targeted therapies have emerged for the anaplastic carcinoma, necessitating accurate pathologic diagnosis with additional ancillary testing for directing clinical management. We present here the cytological diagnosis of an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma—osteoclastic variant on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), with emphasis on the novelty of utilizing the least invasive procedure (aspiration cytology) for rendering pathological diagnosis as well as identifying potential prognostic markers for targeted immunotherapy.


Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL

Introduction: Cells disseminate from the primary tumor and enter the blood circulation early on. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) might be the earliest detectable cells with metastatic abilities. Clinically, the presence of CTCs is indicative of a negative prognostic impact. Decreased numbers of CTCs are seen in response to chemotherapy, and persistent chemo-resistant CTCs have been shown to be HER2+ although they originated from HER2- primary tumors. Such discrepancies were also found with ER, PR and EGFR status and have important implications with respect to treatment alterations over the course of the disease. If the whole genome of CTCs can be profiled, we could identify genomic alterations which may be developed into CTC specific markers, to monitor and target them, to prevent their spread to distant sites. We could also investigate how these cells are represented in primary tumors and how they respond to chemotherapy. Methods: CTCs were enriched from blood by immunomagnetic CD45+ leukocyte depletion; fixed onto glass slides and stained for the epithelial cell marker, pancytokeratin. Positively stained CTCs were isolated by single-cell laser capture microdissection for whole genome amplification (WGA) and copy number (CN) analysis with the Affymetrix Genome wide SNP 6.0 array. CTCs were isolated from peripheral blood of 21/39 patients (54%, range of 1-20 cells) with locally advanced breast cancer. Normal samples were obtained by performing WGA on the white blood cell fraction of blood. Results: CN gains and losses were detected by genomic segmentation, using a paired CTC-normal sample approach (Partek Genomic Suite). Overall, regions with gains were more prevalent than losses. The most frequent gains were on chromosome 1q21.3, 4q26, 6q16.3, 9q34.1-34.3, 11p15.4-15.5, 17q21-25, and 19. Regions 17q21-25 and 9q34 were associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and higher CTC counts. Genes within these regions which could potentially be implicated in CTC dissemination are CCL5 (breast cancer progression), MMP28 (invasion), and PTPN1 (migration). Notably, CTCs were more homogenous for gains on chromosome 19, which has been implicated in many types of cancers. It houses the entire family of kallikrein protease genes, a hallmark in prostate, ovarian and colorectal cancers; and was recently found to contain 5 SNPs which are associated with BRCA1 mutations and high risk breast cancer. We identified 5 peaks (0.3 - 9.5Mb) between 19p13.3-13.1 and 19q13.32-13.4, with an average CN of 3, in 15/17 patients. Conclusions: Whole genomic profiling of CTCs from breast cancer revealed regions of CN gain, as well as specific CN signatures associated with poor prognosis. Gains on chromosome 19 were most frequent, warranting further investigations of genes that confer CTC-like functionality to tumor cells. We will determine the heterogeneity of these regions in primary breast cancer, and how they respond to chemotherapy.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3410. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3410


Mimesis as an epistemological model originated in ancient Greece when artists imitated their masters and followed pre-established models. Humanism, in turn, rescues this model and improves it: just as Vergil imitated Homer, Dante imitated Vergil; if Petrarch sought in the classics the source of inspiration for his poetry, Camoes, in turn, makes the sonnets from the Italian as his model, to mention a few examples. However, such a procedure did not represent plagiarism, as it was a way to honor the masters. This model reached its peak in the 17 th century, declining in the following centuries, especially in the 19 th century. However, with its rupture, the representation models permeated Western culture for centuries were lost, leading subjectivity to assume the preponderant role in art. More than a change in the perception of art, there was a change in the world's perception that surrounds humanity, whose significant influence was due to photography.


Prionyx pumilio (Taschenberg, 1869) was recorded in Argentina, Peru, Chile and Brazil (in state of Goias), the last report being questioned in the past. The present note extends the distribution of P. pumilio to northeast Brazil, in state of Paraiba, so, the record from Goias must not be considered doubtful. The present finding indicates that P. pumilio is associated with dry ecosystems at least in part of its geographic distribution.


Recent advances have broadened the application of palaeoradiology for non-destructive investigation of ancient remains. X-ray microtomography (microCT) in particular is increasingly used as an alternative to histological bone sections for interpreting pathological alterations, trauma, microstructure, and more recently bioerosion with direct or ancillary use of histological indices. However, no systematic attempt has been made to confirm the reliability of microCT for histotaphonomic analysis of archaeological bone. The objectives of this study are therefore to (1) compare thin sections of human femora rated with the Oxford Histological Index to microCT sections using a newly developed Virtual Histological Index, and (2) provide an accessible methodology for the evaluation and visualization of bioerosion in archaeological bone using virtual anthropology techniques. We provide detailed descriptions of virtual sections and volume renderings, and also assess the efficacy of the method on cranial and postcranial elements, cremated long bones, and faunal samples. Furthermore, the need for time-consuming image segmentation is reduced by applying two noise-reducing, edge-preserving filters, and rendering with a colormap chosen to visualize bioerosion along with canal structure and density in 3D. The histological and virtual methods showed a strong correlation, providing the first systematic data substantiating lab-based microCT as a suitable alternative tool for reconstructing post-mortem history in the archaeological record, and for the reliable, non-destructive screening of samples for further analyses.


The economy is sphere of public work and the set of relations that form in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. The paper examines the digital, cyclical, environmental and regional aspects of a cyclical digital environmental regional economy. The digital direction of the economy uses digital twins and robots as assistants to improve its quality, productivity and efficiency. The cyclical economy uses savings and profits to boost its competition and development. The environmental direction of the economy maintains the viability of the environment. The regional economy increases diversification and capacity of local production and preserves the environment in its territory regardless of the type of economic activity. Cyclical aspects of the economy of self-sufficiency mainly concern the financial round-up, and the closed reproduction cycle. Business models of cyclic reproduction realize its economic self-sufficiency. At present, Russia, China, the United States and EU integration education have achieved the optimal level of national economic self-sufficiency. Russia, the United States, and the EU have the necessary financial and human resources. At the same time, China, with excessive human resources, is pursuing a policy of expansion into developing and underdeveloped countries. The main reason for countries to abandon autarky policies in favor of globalization of research activities is the decline in profit levels. The reason for this situation lies in the availability of cheap labour and favourable economic conditions, and production in countries is therefore cheaper. The reason for globalization and the international division of labour lies in maximizing profits, and autarks in maximizing national production, i.e. self-sufficiency. The unity of the Autarky State must be ensured by the existence of economic, historical, cultural ties, as well as by national equilibrium.


We consider the NJL model as an effective quark theory to describe the interaction which is responsible for the quark flavor dynamics at intermediate energies. In addition to the usual ultraviolet cut-off which is necessary since the model is non-renormalizable, we also introduce an infrared cut-off which drops off the unknown confinement part of the quark interaction, which is believed to be less important for the flavor dynamics. The infrared cutoff eliminates all q-q̄ thresholds, which plague the application of the usual NJL model beyond low-energy pion physics. We apply this two–cut-off prescription to the extended NJL model with chiral and heavy quark symmetries proposed recently by us. We find a satisfactoring description even of the heavy mesons with spin/parity JP = (0, 1). Furthermore, the shape-parameters of the Isgur-Wise function are studied as a function of the residual heavy meson mass. PACS: 12.39.Ki, 12.39.Fe, 12.39.Hg


Patients with ovarian cancer are mostly diagnosed at advanced stages which leads to poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Deregulation of lncRNA HOXD-AS1 expression associates with cancer development and metastasis. However, the expression level of this lncRNA in ovarian cancer is not determined.50paired ovarian tumors and their adjusted normal tissues were included in the study. Total RNA was extracted by TRIzol® Reagent and reverse-transcribed to cDNA using PrimeScript II cDNA synthesis kit. The expression levels of HOXD-AS1 were quantified by qRT-PCR and compared. The Roc curve analysis was used to evaluate the capacity of HOXD-AS1 as a biomarker for ovarian cancer. We observed that lncRNA HOXD-AS1 was significantly upregulated in ovarian tumors compared to their adjusted normal tissues (p <0.003). Moreover, the ROC curve analysis revealed that the lncRNA HOXD-AS1 expression level could discriminate tumoral and non-tumoral tissues with 85% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The lncRNA HOXD-AS1 expression level might be considered as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer development.


. The importance of studying the radiocarbon content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DI 14 C) in the oceans has been recognized for decades. Starting with the GEOSECS program in the 1970s, 14 C sampling has been a part of most global survey programs. Early results were used to study air-sea gas exchange while the more recent results are critical for helping calibrate ocean general circulation models used to study the effects of climate change. Here we summarize the major programs and discuss some of the important insights the results are starting to provide.


The development of e-learning systems has started a revolution for instructional content delivering, learning activities, and social communication. Although the benefits of e-learning have been discussed in various previous studies; it is a critical issue of better understanding the reasons why some learners are isolated during the e-learning experience. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional model on tracking interactions between learners via four dimensions: (1) an affective, (2) a participative, (3) an interactive and (4) a technical one. Tracking course learner's behaviour within the learning environment can provide the tutor a large set of indicators. The main objective of this study is to provide the tutor the opportunity to rebuild the working groups based on theses different indicators. The analytical results strongly support the appropriateness of the proposed model through tutor's satisfaction. The findings of an empirical study of 12 work‐based teams are discussed.


The Mirror Lake Intrusive Breccia cuts Upper Triassic rocks of the Seven Devils Volcanics. Plutonic clasts, mostly of "mafic" and "granitic" compositions, are suspended in a hornblende metadiabase porphyry matrix. "Mafic" clasts are hornblende metagabbro and metadiorite, and "granitic" clasts are metamorphosed quartz diorite and albite granite. The plutonic clasts are representative of underlying plutons which had been intruded in Late Triassic–Middle Jurassic time. The intrusive breccia also was injected during that time interval. Devolatilization of a water-rich magma gave impetus to the rising mass and pieces of wall rock were broken off and carried upward. Clasts were rounded by corrasion and assimilation during transport and magma crystallization. Later regional metamorphism produced greenschist mineralogy in the rocks.


A protein inhibitor of phosphofructokinase was detected by the chromatography on Sephadex G-100 of crude mucosal extracts prepared from the small intestine of starved rats. Addition of the protein inhibitor to extracts from fed rats increased the K0.5 of phosphofructokinase for fructose 6-phosphate to that for starved rats. The protein inhibitor provides a mechanism for the hormonal regulation of glycolysis independently of glucose supply.


The method of nonlinearization of spectral problems is developed to the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. As an application, an integrable decomposition of the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation is presented.


This work presents the investigation results of physical-mechanical properties of fibrous hemp composite specimens produced from hemp shives and starch used as a binding material. For this purpose specimens with different amount of binding material, density and granulometric composition were used. Experimental results show that strength properties of composites linearly depend on the density of the material, as well as the density of hemp composites in all cases has the influence on change in thermal conductivity. During the research of mechanical properties it was determined that specimens with greater density and quantity of binding material had the greatest strength..


Background: NEDD1 (NEDD1 Gamma-Tubulin Ring Complex Targeting Factor) plays a crucial impact in regulating cell cycle and the development of scirrhous gastric cancer. However, the role of NEDD1 hasn't been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) so far. The aim of this research is to explore the role of NEDD1 on the development and prognosis of HCC. Methods: HCC-related data were download from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were conducted by the LinkedOmics database. Results: The expression of NEDD1 has significant difference between tumor and adjacent normal tissues in HCC (P<0.01). We also found that NEDD1 was an independent risk factor in HCC patients (HR 1.643, 95%CI 1.125–2.398; P = 0.01). The study also demonstrated that NEDD1 expression was significantly relevant to the expression of several immune checkpoint genes, including CTLA-4, PD-L1 and PD-1. GSEA revealed that Cell cycle, MicroRNAs in cancer and Ribosome pathways were significantly enriched in NEDD1 overexpression phenotype. By integrating NEDD1 with other relevant factors, we constructed the prognostic nomogram to help the improvement of the prognosis for patients with HCC. The data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database were used as an independent external validation of our prognostic model. Conclusion: The expression level of NEDD1 was negatively correlated to the prognosis of HCC patients and it may be a promising therapeutic target of HCC, which probably be able to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy for HCC patients.


Chemotherapy is one of the primary methods for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and it is also an essential part of the comprehensive treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the "double-edged sword" effect of chemotherapeutic drugs in killing both cancer cells and normal cells in vivo has restricted its clinical application to a certain extent. Chrono-chemotherapy based on human circadian rhythm is safer and more effective than traditional chemotherapy, which has been confirmed by a large number of studies. In order to promote and standardize the clinical application of this technology, we organized relevant experts to discuss and formulate the Chinese expert consensus. The consensus provides standardized suggestions on the related concepts, principles, drug selection, administration time, and methods of chrono-chemotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma, which can provide a reference for clinical practice.


We reported a case of esophageal cancer in which an esophageal stent was placed for treatment of a malignant stricture. A tracheoesophageal fistula and stent migration into the trachea were noted on post-procedure day 11 before the placement of a feeding gastrostomy. Because of the possibility of stent-related tracheoesophageal fistula, whether surgical feeding gastrostomy or endoscopic stent placement is of benefit for patients with malignant esophageal stenosis requires careful evaluation. doi:10.4021/jmc303w


Mobile device capabilities have grown significantly since the introduction of the first simple Java for mobile devices, released in 1999. Processing power, memory, networking, and power management all have taken big steps. On the other hand, the programming architecture and focus has changed very little. Most development in all languages on mobile devices is still focused on creating simple end user applications. This paper focuses on how that perspective changes with the addition of OSGi Java technology on the mobile device


A follow-up study of the first six clients to leave the Mental Impairment Evaluation and Treatment Service is described. Between entering the service and follow-up (mean: 12 months after leaving), all six had made gains in their levels of skills and social functioning. For five of them, there had also been a reduction in the key challenging behaviours for which referral had been sought. All were living in residential facilities which were both less restrictive than those from which they had entered the service and offered a higher quality of care. The majority liked the placement in which they were living at follow-up as much, or more, than the one from which they had entered the service. Nevertheless, some of the resources which assist the functioning of the service were disliked by the clients because they were perceived as placing limits on their liberty. The implications of these results are discussed, as are methodological issues relating to the study.


In this paper we consider the discrete-time dynamical system consisting of several controlled objects with incomplete information which has two levels of control. Under investigation for this dynamical system we propose the mathematical formalization in the form of realization of two-level hierarchical minimax program terminal control problem with incomplete information and propose the general scheme for its solving.


Background: Performance status, a predictor of cancer survival, and ability to maintain independent living deteriorate in advanced disease. Understanding predictors of performance status trajectory could help identify those at risk of functional deterioration, target support for independent living and reduce service costs. The relationship between symptoms, analgesics and performance status is poorly delineated. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether demographics, analgesics, disease characteristics, quality-of-life domains and C-reactive protein predict the trajectory of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) in patients with advanced cancer. Design: The study design is the secondary data analysis of the international prospective, longitudinal European Palliative Care Cancer Symptom study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01362816). A multivariable regression model was built for KPS area under the curve per day (AUC). Setting and participants: This included adults with advanced, incurable cancer receiving palliative care, without severe cognitive impairment and who were not imminently dying (n = 1739). Results: The mean daily KPS AUC (n = 1052) was 41.1 (standard deviation = 14.1). Opioids (p < 0.001), co-analgesics (p = 0.023), poorer physical functioning (p < 0.001) and appetite loss (p = 0.009) at baseline were explanatory factors for lower KPS AUC. A subgroup analysis of participants with C-reactive protein data (n = 240) showed that only C-reactive protein (p = 0.040) and physical function (p < 0.001) were associated with lower KPS AUC. Conclusion: This study is novel in determining explanatory factors for subsequent functional trajectories in an international dataset and identifying systemic inflammation as a candidate therapeutic target to improve functional performance. The effect of interventions targeting physical function, appetite and inflammation, such as those used for cachexia management, on maintaining functional status in patients with advanced cancer needs to be investigated.


Map of Ruwe region in Belgian Congo. Map showing colonial and district boundaries, with triangulation points of second and third orders and points determining the plane tables, rivers, rapids and waterfalls, motor routes, old traction routes, cycle paths and routes of indigenous importance, indigenous paths, contours, power lines, railways, important European communities, commercial, agricultural, industrial establishments, mines and quarries, small indigeneous communities, important indigeneous communities, marsh, alluvial grounds, Savannah woods, forests. Relief is shown in form lines, contours and landform drawings. Colour. Scale 1 : 200.000.


Background Annona stenophylla is a folk medicine popularly used in Zimbabwe for the treatment of many ailments. This study was carried out to determine some of the possible anti diabetic mechanisms of its action using in vitro cell culturing methods. Methods A. stenophylla's effects on glucose uptake were tested using muscle cells (C2Cl2). Expression of glucose 4 transporters was determined by treating cell lines with plant extract. Total RNA was isolated and using RT-PCR, GLUT 4 expression levels were quantified. Translocation of GLUT 4 was assessed using FITC fluorescence measured by flow cytometry. Results Treatment of cells with plant extract significantly increased glucose uptake in a concentration dependent manner, with the highest concentration (250 µg/ml) giving 28% increased uptake compared to the negative control. The increase in glucose uptake (2.5 times more than control) was coupled to increase in GLUT 4 mRNA and subsequently GLUT 4 translocation. Wortmannin expunged the A. stenophylla induced increase in GLUT 4 mRNA and glucose uptake. Conclusion The results suggest that A. stenophylla aqueous extract increases glucose uptake partly through increasing the GLUT 4 mRNA and translocation potentially acting via the PI-3-K pathway. This study confirms the ethnopharmacological uses of A. stenophylla indicating potential for anti-diabetic products formulation.


DivIB(FtsQ), FtsL, and DivIC(FtsB) are enigmatic membrane proteins that are central to the process of bacterial cell division. DivIB(FtsQ) is dispensable in specific conditions in some species, and appears to be absent in other bacterial species. The presence of FtsL and DivIC(FtsB) appears to be conserved despite very low sequence conservation. The three proteins form a complex at the division site, FtsL and DivIC(FtsB) being associated through their extracellular coiled-coil region. We report here structural investigations by NMR, small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering, and interaction studies by surface plasmon resonance, of the complex of DivIB, FtsL, and DivIC from Streptococcus pneumoniae, using soluble truncated forms of the proteins. We found that one side of the "bean"-shaped central β-domain of DivIB interacts with the C-terminal regions of the dimer of FtsL and DivIC. This finding is corroborated by sequence comparisons across bacterial genomes. Indeed, DivIB is absent from species with shorter FtsL and DivIC proteins that have an extracellular domain consisting only of the coiled-coil segment without C-terminal conserved regions (Campylobacterales). We propose that the main role of the interaction of DivIB with FtsL and DivIC is to help the formation, or to stabilize, the coiled-coil of the latter proteins. The coiled-coil of FtsL and DivIC, itself or with transmembrane regions, could be free to interact with other partners.


Chinese culture has been accumulated for five thousand years, and with the development of social civilization, the door of literature has opened to the world. In recent years, feminism has been extremely prominent in literature, and it has been welcomed and respected by the majority of people. In addition, under the influence of various cultural factors, translation has become an indispensable way of writing. The so-called feminism refers to women's social rights and their opinions in society. With the advancement of science, feminism has been widely used by many countries in the world. In the last century, feminist translation theory was regarded as the mainstream translation at that time. It provided room for translation work. At the same time, it also had a certain impact on traditional translation theories. Nowadays, the development of science has entered a new era of information network. Feminist translation theory has become an important basis for translation work. At the same time, the application of feminist theory in literary works is systematically analyzed to enable women's social status and personality values been enhanced in literary works, thus highlighting the positive image of women.


Summary.  Angiogenesis has critical roles in normal vascular development and in important pathologies including cancer, wound healing and inflammation. This brief article will review the angiogenic response induced by the vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF) family of proteins and particularly VEGF‐A, thought to be the single most important angiogenic factor. It will also review the steps and mechanisms by which VEGF‐A induces the formation of new blood vessels and will provide an initial classification of the abnormal blood vessels that form in pathological angiogenesis. Finally, it will touch on the exciting relationships that are emerging between angiogenesis and the hemostatic and nervous systems.


The present study investigated the ability of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) vector to deliver genes into disseminated brain tumor foci through intrathecal injection of the vector. The animal model was designed to simulate brain tumors with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metastases, which are found especially in the pediatric population. 9L gliosarcoma cells were injected both into the right frontal lobe and in through the cisterna magna of adult rats. The HSV vector, hrR3, was inoculated intrathecally 5 days later. This vector is defective in the gene for ribonucleotide reductase, and, therefore, replicates preferentially in dividing cells; it retains an intact HSV-thymidine kinase gene (HSV-tk). Two days after injection of the vector, immunohistochemical staining for HSV thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) revealed expression in frontal tumors, as well as in leptomeningeal tumor foci along the entire neuroaxis. HSV-TK-immunopositive cells were most frequent in small tumors contacting the CSF pathways. Frontal lobe tumors showed the highest density of HSV-TK-immunopositive cells around their periphery with little expression in central parts. Some paraventricular neurons temporarily showed HSV-TK-immunolabeling at this early time point. The number of HSV-TK-immunopositive tumor cells markedly decreased 5 days after injection of the HSV vector. In all animals, some toxicity was observed in the first 2-4 days after virus injection with extensive leptomeningeal inflammation. In conclusion, intrathecal application of HSV vectors can mediate widespread transfer of the therapeutic HSV-tk gene into disseminated tumors throughout the brain and CSF pathways. Although there was marked toxicity associated with intrathecal injection of this vector, this mode of gene delivery offers a promising approach for treatment of CSF-metastases in conjunction with development of less toxic vectors.


Through a judicious selection of documents from the papers of the League of Women Voters of the United States in the Library of Congress, Stuhler reveals the rich history of an organization designed to serve the public interest. In the aftermath of the 72-year long effort by American women to win the vote, the League was formed to prepare these new voters for their responsibilities as full participating citizens. The organization's first president, Maud Wood Park, and her associates established Citizenship Schools throughout the nation to educate women, and they were so successful that one newspaper complained, Why not for men, too? Succeeding presidents built the League's reputation as an organization inventive in its dual roles as a voter educator and civic activist. While League members were expected to be nonpartisan, they were also encouraged to be active in their parties, a sometimes confusing posture. Nevertheless, the League-as an advocate in support of specified public policies-succeeded in maintaining an informed nonpartisanship that came to be respected by opinion and political leaders, and the public learned that it could depend upon the League for unbiased information in election contests. In making it possible for women to show their strength and do what they have done for some 80 years, the League has made incalculable contributions to the public good. Students, scholars, and the informed public interested in American political and women's history will find this documentary collection invaluable.


OBJECTIVE
In April 2012, the Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) brought together 58 health leaders from 33 countries to review experiences in improving the quality and safety of health-care services in low- and middle-income countries, synthesize lessons learned from those experiences, discuss challenges and opportunities and recommend next steps to stimulate improvement in such countries. This work summarizes the seminar's key results, expressed as five shared challenges and five lessons learned.

DESIGN
The seminar featured a series of interactive sessions with an all-teach, all-learn approach. Session topics were: introduction to the seminar, journey to date, challenges that lie ahead, overcoming the issues of confusion, sustaining execution, strengthening leadership and policy, the role of quality improvement in health systems strengthening and setting the agenda for learning and next steps.

RESULTS
Key lessons from the SGS include reducing terminology and methodology confusion, strengthening the learning agenda, embracing improvement science as a means for strengthening health-care systems, developing leadership in improving health care and ensuring that health-care systems focus on patients and communities. A call to action was developed by SGS participants and presented at the 65th World Health Assembly in Geneva.

CONCLUSION
There is an inarguable need to move improvement in health care to a new level to attain and exceed the Millennium Development Goals. The challenges can be overcome through concerted action of key stakeholders and the application of scientifically grounded management methods to enable the reliable implementation of high-impact interventions for every patient every time needed.


Although Quality of Experience (QoE) is perceived as a subjective measure of a user's experience, it is the only measure that actually counts to a user of a service. It is essential to identify, quantify and ultimately improve the perception of QoE for a user. The PERIMETER project improves the user's experience by identifying a more user-centric network selection, based on QoE calculations and user preferences. PERIMETER defines a generic QoE model which forms the basis for QoE signalling and QoE based content adaptation support. This paper provides an insight into how user centric seamless mobility is being achieved by PERIMETER, beginning with an explanation of QoE and the need for preferences. Next, more details of the complete system, including QoE management, user feedback and the final delivery, are provided. Finally, an outlook is given on PERIMETER's future plans and its contributions to research in the Future Internet.


We have studied the HLA-DRB and -DQB1 alleles of 42 paediatric patients who have suffered from membranous nephropathy associated with a hepatitis B infection (HBVMN). These patients were all from the Gdansk area of Northern Poland and the disease was diagnosed by light and electron microscopy. The control population consisted of 55 healthy children, approximately age matched, from schools in Gdansk. In addition we have also analysed 40 patients chronically infected with hepatitis B, without any renal involvement, as hepatitis B disease controls. The HLA alleles were defined using PCR/SSP. As idiopathic membranous nephropathy and low responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine have been found to be associated with DR3 in Caucasoids, our hypothesis was that the HBVMN patients would show an increase in DR3. Our results indicate that, although there is a small increase in the frequency of DRBl*0301 in the HBVMN patients (16/42 38%) when compared to the healthy controls (15/55 31%), this does not approach significance. There is a significant increase in the frequency of DQB1*0303 in the HBVMN patients vs the healthy controls, after correction for the number of antigens detected (Pc)(13/42 vs 2/55, RR=11.6, P=0.0007, Pc=0.02). A similar increase in DQB1*0303 is seen in the HBVMN patients when compared to the hepatitis controls (13/42 vs 4/40) but this is only significant before correction (RR=4.3, P=0.04).


By forcibly expressing EVI1 in murine bone marrow (BM) we previously generated a model for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterized by megakaryocytic hyperplasia, dysplastic erythropoiesis and fatal anemia. These defects, typical of MDS patients, confirmed the association between EVI1 and MDS in the mouse thus validating our mouse model. We later ascribed the erythroid defects induced by EVI1 to its interaction with GATA1, as shown by the double point mutant EVI1(1+6Mut), unable to bind GATA1, allowing a normal erythroid differentiation of BM progenitors in vitro. We report here that in vivo expression of the mutant EVI1(1+6Mut) abrogates the onset of MDS. We show that whereas EVI1-positive mice invariably die of severe anemia and pancytopenia 11–14 months after BM reconstitution, EVI1(1+6Mut)-positive mice maintained relatively normal erythropoiesis and blood counts until the study was terminated 20 months after BM transplantation. Furthermore, unlike the EVI1-positive mice two GATA1-regulated genes, EpoR and c-Mpl, are not repressed in the BM of the EVI1(1+6Mut)-mice. The normal expression of EpoR restores the response to Epo, in vitro, of the BM cells isolated from the EVI1(1+6Mut)-mice. We thus suggest that the development of drugs interfacing with the first and sixth zinc-finger motifs could be invaluable in the treatment of EVI1-positive MDS patients.


Sensitivity and specificity are the two most important indicators in selection of medical imaging devices for cancer screening. Breast images taken by conventional or digital mammography, ultrasound, MRI and optical mammography were collected from 2,143,852 patients. They were then studied and compared for sensitivity and specificity results. Optical mammography had the highest sensitivity (p<0.001 and p<0.006) except with MRI. Digital mammography had the highest specificity for breast cancer imaging. A comparison of specificity between digital mammography and optical mammography was significant (p<0.021). If two or more breast diagnostic imaging tests are requested the overall sensitivity and specificity will increase. In this literature review study patients at high-risk of breast cancer were studied beside normal or sensitive women. The image modality performance of each breast test was compared for each.


First-line nurse managers play a critical management role because they greatly influence the success of healthcare organizations. Several studies have profiled the first-line nurse manager, but have focused on the characteristics and responsibilities of these individuals. This study delineated and identified specific behavioral competencies that are considered important for hospital-based nurse manager effectiveness. The results of the survey are relevant for the selection, preparation, and development of effective hospital-based nurse managers.


—As and Mn contaminated groundwater is widely supplied as agricultural and drinking water in District Chiniot, Punjab, Pakistan. In order to assess the impact of contaminated groundwater to agricultural products, trace elements were analyzed for samples of rice and wheat grains harvested from the field in Chiniot. Total concentrations of As and Mn were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) after a nitric acid extraction. Chemical speciation of As, including organic/inorganic As (III) and As (V), was also examined applying a combined method of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ICP-MS. The analytical results showed that the concentration of total As in rice and wheat grains ranges from 0.05 to 0.10 mg/kg, while that of total Mn from 3.1 to 38.9 mg/kg. The concentration of manganese is much higher in wheat than in rice. The chemical speciation of arsenic contained in rice and wheat grains shows that inorganic As (III) ranges from 0.03 to 0.06, inorganic As (V) from 0.01 to 0.02, and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/kg. Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) was not detected in either rice or wheat grain. The contamination level of total As in rice grains is less than 0.2 mg/kg that is the recommended maximum limit by Codex, which means no immediate health risk.