High ideal hybrid intelligence of managers is among the factors that can improve employees' organizational commitment. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between managers' ideal hybrid intelligence and employees' organizational commitment in the Vice Chancellors' Headquarters of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 - 2018. The research sample size consisted of 86 senior and middle-level managers selected through census method, as well as 181 employees, selected using the Kerjecie and Morgan table. The research tool was an ideal hybrid intelligence questionnaire consisting of 102 questions on cultural, moral and spiritual intelligence, and also Meyer and Allens' organizational commitment questionnaire including 24 questions. Face validity and reliability of each questionnaire were confirmed by an expert panel and Chronbach's alpha method. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, and descriptive results were shown through mean and standard deviation, and analytical results by inferential tests. The results showed that the ideal hybrid intelligence of the Vice Chancellors' Headquarters managers and employees' organizational commitment were at a desirable level. Also, there was a significant correlation between cultural, moral and spiritual intelligence as constituents of the ideal hybrid intelligence of managers and employees' organizational commitment. We found that ideal hybrid intelligence may affect employees' organizational commitment, but it should be mentioned that other forms of intelligence may also affect organizational commitment.


Introduction: MEFV is the gene responsible for familial Mediterranean fever. It encodes pyrin, which controls inflammation. Besides, previous studies have reported that some germline MEFV variants were associated with tumour susceptibility. Materials and Methods: The loci of 12 germline MEFV variants were genotyped in 153 Japanese children with cancer, and the frequencies of these variants among the patient groups were compared with those in the general Japanese population. Additionally, the relationship between these variants and clinical data, including relapse and death, was investigated. Results: Minor allele frequencies did not differ between patients and the general population, or between sex, age at diagnosis, and diagnosis among patients. P369S/R408Q associated with significantly lower relapse-free survival in all patient analyses and in patients with solid tumours. Additionally, although the results were not significant, E148Q/L110P was likely to associate with worse relapse-free survival in patients with solid tumours. Discussion/Conclusion: Despite several limitations, this study provided the novel insight that the germline MEFV variants are associated with the clinical outcome of paediatric cancer.


This article uses a case-study approach to develop an understanding of how framing on game telecasts can increase the brand equity of sports venues. In 2014, ESPN ranked the NHL's New York Islanders last in "stadium experience" among all 122 teams in the 4 major North American sports leagues. Given the Islanders' looming relocation, the 2014–15 NHL season afforded the last opportunity to consider how telecasts would portray the team's arena, Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum on Long Island. Based on a textual analysis of Islanders telecasts, 2 frames emerged: atmosphere (loud cheering and tributes to veterans) and nostalgia (famous moments and players from the arena's history). Teams that play in poorly regarded venues can encourage broadcasters to employ frames such as atmosphere and nostalgia to increase attendance and sales of venue-related merchandise.


This is a new edition of the germinal study of Loyalism in the American Revolution. Building on the work of his 1989 book, "The Loyalist Perception and Other Essays", accomplished historian Robert M. Calhoon returns to the subject of internal strife in the American Revolution with Tory Insurgents. This volume collects revised, updated versions of eighteen groundbreaking articles, essays, and chapters published since 1965, and it also features one essay original to this volume. In a model of scholarly collaboration, coauthors Calhoon, Timothy M. Barnes, and Robert Scott Davis are joined in select pieces by Donald C. Lord, Janice Potter, and Robert M. Weir. Among the topics broached by this noted group of historians are the diverse political ideals represented in the Loyalist stance; the coherence of the Loyalist press; the loyalism of garrison towns, the Floridas, and the Western frontier; Carolina loyalism as viewed by Irish-born patriots Aedanus and Thomas Burke; and, the postwar reintegration of Loyalists as citizens of the new nation. Included as well is a chapter and epilogue from Calhoon's seminal - but long out-of-print - 1973 study "The Loyalists in Revolutionary America, 1760-1781". This updated collection will serve as an unrivaled point of entrance into Loyalist research for scholars and students of the American Revolution.


By means of a mercury manometer connected to a micropipette, the internal hydrostatic pressure of the unfertilized Fundulus egg was measured. Upon activation of the egg by micropuncture when the platelets in the cortex of the egg proper disappeared, there was a progressively increasing internal pressure which finally stabilized at 150 mm. Hg. The pressure was accompanied by the formation of a perivitelline space which contained a clear, colloidal material. The measured internal hydrostatic pressure of the egg was diminished by any means which decreased the perivitelline space. It was concluded that the perivitelline substance is the chief factor contributing to the pressure. The changes in volume of the egg proper are inversely proportional to the size of the perivitelline space, indicating that the surface of the egg proper is permeable to water.


Streptococcus sanguis isolated from human dental plaque were grown in Todd-Hewitt broth. Cells were collected by centrifugation and lyophilized after extensive washing with water. The cell-associated glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities of S. sanguis strains were assayed with [14C]sucrose. Strain differences in GTase activity were significant within the same serotype or biotype or both. The ability of S. sanguis cells to adhere to smooth glass surfaces was generally weak, irrespective of significant cell-associated GTase activity synthesizing water-insoluble, gel-like glucans. Resting cells of most S. sanguis strains bound extracellular GTase from Streptococcus mutans strain B13 (serotype d), resulting in the strong adherence of the S. sanguis cells to smooth glass surfaces in the presence of sucrose. Conversely, S. mutans B13 cells also could bind extracellular GTase from some strains of S. sanguis examined. The sucrose-dependent adherence of S. mutans cells was not altered, although S. sanguis strains from which the extracellular GTases were obtained did not produce significant adherence in the presence of sucrose. In view of these findings, it was suggested that S. mutans GTase could affect the adherence of S. sanguis to smooth tooth surfaces in the oral cavity.


As the texts readers encounter in and out of school grow in complexity, the strategies that teachers demonstrate and encourage students to employ need to expand to accommodate the changing nature of these texts. In this article, the authors present a three-part framework for utilizing historical fiction picturebooks as instructional resources. First they share various strategies for previewing a text, and calling students' attention to the visual, textual and design elements of historical fiction picturebooks. Second, various strategies are presented for moving beyond noticing to strategies for interpreting what has been presented in the visual and verbal text. Third, they suggest several strategies for moving beyond interpretation to develop readers' ability to critically analyze the historical perspectives and contexts of these texts. In this article, the authors guide readers through the reading of two historical fiction picturebooks while modeling how to employ strategies for reading multimodal texts.


: Water and mud inrush is one of the typical geological hazards during tunnel construction in karst area. In weight of water or mud inrush risks of karst tunnels are studied and the index system for water and mud inrush risk evaluation is established based on analytic hierarchy process. The analysis shows that geological structure, formation lithology and groundwater level are the main control ingredients of water or mud inrush risk ; geographic and geomorphic conditions, attitude of rock formation are the minor significant factors ; surrounding rock mass classification , rainfall are the least important elements. Aiming at a tunnel in Chongqing, combining with the actual geological situation of the tunnel site, the evaluation model is used to evaluate the risk of water and mud inrush in each section, which provides a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and control of water and mud inrush disaster during the tunnel construction.


The TABRAP and CONVERSE methods are used by the study to determine and examine the relationship between fertility modification and contraceptive methods used in Colombia from 1966 to 1976. The CONVERSE method focuses upon the decline in fertility for active users of contraceptive methods until December 31, 1971, and the increase in user acceptance between 1971 and 1976 in order to assess the impact of family planning programs during the 5-year period. The TABRAP method has been used to determine, in quantitative terms, the total amount of contraceptive use responsible for the observed decline in fertility for the 10-year period between 1966-1976. The protection offered by contraceptive methods in terms of declined fertility for the period 1972-1976 is then compared to the totals derived through the CONVERSE method. The study draws conclusions regarding the actual impact of contraceptive and family planning programs on fertility indices-- calculated as 40% effective. The study asserts that program effectiveness could be as high as 60% if attitude reinforcement of those who used contraceptive methods before being exposed to the program was included in the criteria for effectiveness. The TABRAP and CONVERSE methods also provide the researchers with analytical tools with which to calculate the impact of family planning and contraceptive programs on birthrates and other demographic variables. The study concludes that a gross national birth rate of 36.6 in 1971 would have risen to 40.8 in 1976 without the family planning programs. The acceptance of contraceptive practices due to the programs is responsible for having averted many pregnancies; the study correlates 4.3 acceptances to each averted birth.


Purpose
Recent years have seen a meteoric rise in the study of narcissism in entrepreneurship, although little consolidation has occurred in this area. The purpose of this paper is the development of an integrative framework to harmonise the academic discussion and serve as a structured foundation for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted an artificial intelligence-aided, structured literature review focused on content analysis of concepts and contexts to map out current findings and research gaps in startup narcissism research.

Findings
According to the findings of this study, narcissistic tendencies have the potential to positively influence startup success early on in an entrepreneur's journey, but after a certain point in the process, the influence of narcissism on success becomes predominantly negative.

Research limitations/implications
The research field is currently not very harmonised regarding research measures, research subjects and key research terms. Further research must use a standardised approach to add value to the research body.

Practical implications
Narcissism is a two-sided sword for founders. In the early stages of a company, many of the founder's tasks can benefit from narcissistic tendencies. In the later stages of a company, that might shift to overwhelmingly negative effects of narcissism.

Originality/value
Methodically, this study is the first one to establish an artificial intelligence component to add value to the results of a review paper to the best of the authors' knowledge. The results of this study provide a clear framework of entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurial performance to give researchers the opportunity of a more differentiated way of organising work.


Thymocytes undergo a vigorous proliferative response when stimulated with a combination of IL-4 and PMA. We have found that conA-induced supernatants from a number of Th cell clones could enhance the level of IL-4/PMA-induced proliferation of unseparated thymocytes 0.5- to 2-fold and of peanut agglutinin-positive thymocytes 2- to 10-fold. These supernatants did not contain IL-2 or IFN-gamma, and the enhancing activity could be chromatographically separated from IL-3, -4, -5, and granulocyte/macrophage CSF. The possibility that the thymocyte enhancement factor contained in these supernatants was IL-6 was suggested when murine rIL-6 was found to have similar activity. Further evidence for the identity of these two factors was obtained when an IL-6 assay, based on plasmacytoma growth, was used to test column fractions showing thymocyte enhancement. All fractions active in the thymocyte enhancement assay also had activity in the plasmacytoma growth assay. These observations suggest that the thymocyte-stimulating activity present in the T cell supernatants was due to IL-6.


The usefulness of enzyme inhibitors and absorption enhancers with least mucosal cell cytotoxicity was evaluated on Caco-2 cell monolayers. The temporal cytotoxicity of several protease inhibitors at 500 microg/mL (e.g., turkey and chicken ovomucoids, aprotinin, and Protease Inhibitor Cocktail) and absorption enhancers [e.g., cholate (3%), glycocholate (3%), glycosursodeoxycholate (3%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 0.1%), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD, 5%), hydroxypropyl-gamma-cylcodextrin (HP-gamma-CD, 5%), gamma-cylcodextrin (gamma-CD, 5%), tetradecyl-beta-D-maltoside (0.25%), octylglucoside (0.25%), citric acid (10%), glycyrrhetinic acid (0.34 mM), and Tween-80 (0.1%)] was measured by monitoring their effect on Caco-2 cell viability. Cell viability was measured by mannitol permeability measurements, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements, DNA-propidium iodide staining assay, and WST-1 assay (tetrazolium salt based assay). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.1%), a potent surfactant, was used as a positive control. Chicken and turkey ovomucoids were nontoxic to cells as evaluated by all the methods used. Aprotinin decreased the TEER, whereas plasma membrane damage was seen with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail after a 24-h period. With respect to the absorption enhancers, the toxicity increased directly as a result of an increase in the time of incubation. The enhancers EDTA and HP-beta-CD can be used safely for a short period of time, whereas glycosursodeoxycholate, glycyrrhetinic acid, octylglucoside, HP-gamma-CD, and gamma-CD can be used for a longer period.


Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the most serious complications of solid-organ transplantation. It potentially is treatable in most cases, but current methods involve withdrawal or reduction of immunosuppression and the consequent risk for graft rejection. Sirolimus was shown in vivo and in vitro to limit proliferation of a number of malignant cell lines, including those of PTLD-derived cells. We present a case of disseminated PTLD in a patient with a renal transplant that resolved completely with conversion of immunosuppression to sirolimus. Graft function was maintained and improved with treatment. This offers a novel means of treating these patients and minimizing transplant loss.


This article proposes a framework for conceptualizing developing as a critically reflective teacher. The author posits that critical reflection is the distinguishing attribute of reflective practitioners. The term critical reflection as developed here merges critical inquiry, the conscious consideration of the ethical implications and consequences of teaching practice, with self-reflection, deep examination of personal beliefs, and assumptions about human potential and learning. Essential practices for developing critical reflection are discussed. This article defines processes fundamental to reflective practice. Teacher beliefs are self-generating, and often unchallenged. Unless teachers develop the practice of critical reflection, they stay trapped in unexamined judgments, interpretations, assumptions, and expectations. Approaching teaching as a reflective practitioner involves infusing personal beliefs and values into a professional identity, resulting in developing a deliberate code of conduct.


Abstract— A new glow peak at 120 K has been observed in Rhodopseudomanas sphaeroides and in its carotenoidless green mutant. This peak (labelled Zn), which is composed of two peaks at 120 and 150 K, appears when the bacteria are illuminated with white light while being cooled to 77 K and then warmed in darkness at a heating rate of 10 K per min. Delayed light emission and prompt fluorescence spectra show peaks around 530, 610 and 660 nm. The action spectra of light emission show a major peak at 410 nm and a smaller peak around 545 nm. The pigment responsible for the light emission is also leached out in the suspension medium. The chromophore responsible for the light emission appears to be magnesium protoporphyrin IX, not bacteriochlorophyll.


In this paper, we present a simple and efficient machine performance assessment approach based on Gaussian mixture model (GMM). By only utilizing the machine performance signatures generated from normal machine operation, a GMM can be trained to model the underlying density distribution of the training data. Machine performance assessment can be accomplished by quantifying the distance between the GMM for the most recent observed machine condition and that for normal machine operation. Experimental results based on real industrial run-to-failure bearing tests have shown that GMM can efficiently assess the performance of test bearings. The proposed approach has a great potential for a variety of machine performance assessment applications.


The MAL proteolipid has been recently demonstrated as being necessary for correct apical sorting of the transmembrane influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The fact that, in contrast to MDCK cells, Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) cells target the majority of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins to the basolateral membrane provides us with the opportunity to determine the role of MAL in apical transport of membrane proteins under conditions in which the majority of GPI-anchored proteins are (MDCK cells) or are not (FRT cells) targeted to the apical surface. Using an antisense oligonucleotide-based strategy to deplete endogenous MAL, we have observed that correct transport of apical transmembrane proteins associated (HA) or not (exogenous neurotrophin receptor and endogenous dipeptidyl peptidase IV) with lipid rafts, as well as that of the bulk of endogenous apical membrane, takes place in FRT cells by a pathway that requires normal MAL levels. Even transport of placental alkaline phosphatase, a GPI-anchored protein that is targeted apically in FRT cells, was dependent on normal MAL levels. Similarly, in addition to the reported effect of MAL on HA transport, depletion of MAL in MDCK cells caused a dramatic reduction in the apical delivery of the GPI-anchored gD1-DAF protein, neurotrophin receptor, and the bulk of membrane proteins. These results suggest that MAL is necessary for the overall apical transport of membrane proteins in polarized MDCK and FRT cells.


Endo-retractors are convenient devices for exposure and traction during minimally invasive surgery and are widely used in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Complications associated with the use of this device are rare. We present a patient with symptomatic gallstones who underwent LC and developed a diaphragmatic laceration as a result of the inappropriate use of an endo retractor. Although the incidence of complications with endo retractors is low, this report indicates the potential risk of diaphragmatic injury while using the retractors for exposure and traction during minimally invasive surgery.


Abstract 2411 Forkhead Box P1 ( FOXP1 ) is a member of the FOX family of transcription factors which play critical roles in immune responses, organ development and tumorigenesis. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that FOXP1 functions as an oncogene in B-cell neoplasms, being overexpressed in a variety of lymphomas and targeted by rare but recurrent translocations in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The most common translocation is t(3;14)(p13;q32) which brings FOXP1 under a transcriptional control of the IGH enhancers. Several cases with non- IG rearrangements of FOXP1 have been reported but thus far, not studied in details. Of note, Brown et al. (2008) demonstrated that FOXP1+ ABC-DLBCLs lacking FOXP1 rearrangements selectively express smaller N-truncated FOXP1 isoforms and subsequently hypothesized that the oncogenic role of FOXP1 is only exhibited by smaller isoforms. To unravel molecular consequences of non- IG aberrations of FOXP1 in lymphoma, we performed extensive FISH and molecular investigations of five cases harboring the rearrangements (index cases), complemented by studies of t(3;14)+ lymphoma and FOXP1+ and FOXP1-DLBCL/MZL. The index cases were presented with MZL, transforming MZL, CLL in Richter transformation and gastric DLBCL. The identified non- IG aberrations included t(2;3)(q36;p13), t(3;10)(p13;q24), inv(3)(p13q11) and an unknown IGH/IGK/IGL -negative translocation. One case displayed a microdeletion of FOXP1 spanning the region between exon 3 and 7, as shown by FISH and aCGH. The aberrations constituted a part of complex karyotypes and were subclonal in 3 cases. All tumors displayed a nuclear expression of the FOXP1 protein. FISH showed that the 3p13 breakpoints of index cases clustered within the coding region of FOXP1 , contrasting with the 59 end breakpoints of a classical t(3;14)/ IGH-FOXP1 . Further FISH analysis of 3 available cases mapped the reciprocal breakpoints within AP1S3 ( 2q36) located in an opposite transcriptional orientation to FOXP1, in the 10q24 region harboring 3 genes ( TMEM180 ->, C10orf95 ACTRIA ) , and in a gene poor region at 3q11, respectively. The applied 59Race PCR additionally identified the PLEKHG1/FOXP1 fusion in one case of FOXP1+DLBCL. The fusion, however, occurred out of the reading frame of FOXP1 and was not functional. The pattern of FOXP1 expression was initially investigated using qRT-PCR. Both t(3;14)+cases, one FOXP1+DLBCL and non-malignant lymph nodes revealed an upregulation of all coding exons analyzed (6–18), while the index cases and the remaining FOXP1+DLBCLs displayed a significant upregulation of exons 7–18. Further RNA-sequencing of two index cases, 6 FOXP1+DLBCLs and 2 FOXP1-DLBCLs confirmed a general pattern of FOXP1 detected by qRT-PCR, and additionally identified several expressed FOXP1 isoforms. Their composition and a relative abundance differed in particular cases, but the most frequently expressed was the full length transcript and 3 N-truncated isoforms annotated by Ensembl as FOXP1–004, −203 and −009. The highest expression of the full length transcript was observed in cases with t(3;14) and FOXP1+GC-DLBCL; in the remaining cases a selective expression of N-truncated isoforms was noted. Results of transcriptomic studies were validated by Western analysis. Altogether, we showed that non- IG aberrations of FOXP1 are recurrent in B-cell lymphoma. These rearrangements are heterogeneous (reciprocal translocations, inversion, internal deletion) but constantly affect the coding part of the gene. They do not generate chimeric genes but result in an aberrant expression of N-truncated FOXP1 isoforms. Molecular mechanisms underlying these aberrations are largely unknown. Our findings suggest a dual role of FOXP1 in the pathogenesis of lymphoma: the full length FOXP1 upregulated by a primary IGH -mediated t(3;14) is a potent transforming factor implicated in development of lymphoma, while the N-truncated FOXP1 isoforms generated and activated by secondary non- IG aberrations, play a role in lymphoma progression. Of note, the latter variants are also overexpressed in ABC-DLBCL. Further studies of the wild type FOXP1 protein and N-truncated isoforms are required to demonstrate their oncogenic potential in vitro and in vivo . Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


ABSTRACT Introduction: More than 424 million adults have diabetes mellitus (DM). This number is expected to increase to 626 million by 2045. The majority (90–95%) of people with DM has type 2-diabetes (T2DM). The continued prevalence of DM and associated complications has prompted investigators to find new therapies. One of the most recent additions to the anti-diabetic armamentarium are inhibitors of sodium-glucose co-transporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1, SGLT2). Areas covered: The authors review the status of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM and place an emphasis on those agents in early phase clinical trials. Data and information were retrieved from American Diabetes Association, Diabetes UK, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Scopus websites. The keywords used in the search were T2DM, SGLT1, SGLT2, and clinical trials. Expert opinion: The benefits of SGLT inhibitors include reductions in serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal events. However, SGLT inhibitors increase the risk of genitourinary tract infections, diabetic ketoacidosis, and bone fractures. The development of SGLT inhibitors with fewer side effects and as combination therapies are the key to maximizing the therapeutic effects of this important class of anti-diabetic drug. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01986881.


Cutting tests were conducted to medium carbon steel using HSS tools with cutting fluid. The experimental design used was based on response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design. Chips were collected at different machining conditions and thickness and microhardness measurements taken and analyzed using "DESIGN EXPERT 7" experimental design software. Mathematical models of the responses (thickness and microhardness) as functions of the conditions (speed, feed, and depth of cut) were obtained and studied. The resultant second-order models show chip thickness increases when increasing feed and speed, while increasing depth of cut resulted in a little effect on chip thickness. Chip microhardness increases with increasing depth of cut. It also increases with increasing speed and feed up to a certain level beyond which further increases cause a drop in microhardness.


In this paper we are dealing with the aspect of double-way relationships between entrepreneurs/managers and the rest of the human resource of the firm/organisation. Nowadays, this theory of the firm is effectively in progress, or advancing, because new aspects, new features, new ideas occurred, highlighting and supporting our belief that both parties, i.e. Entrepreneurs/CEOs and, on the other hand, the staff/the employees are in transformation and are the beneficiaries of these new practices and ideas in the field. As examples, the use of theories Z, Y and a combination of them, theory of interference, enounced in this paper. But, above all, important is the comprehension of the firm/entity as a live mechanism, humanized one, capable to answer to the challenges within the business environment, the goal pursueted is that of gain, of profit for each and every part. Stable internal environment, performance in business environment.


Transverse pumping at the first-order Suhl instability in YIG has been performed at a pumping frequency of 3.3 GHz at 4.2 K. Above the spin-wave instability threshold, period-doubling cascades and chaotic auto-oscillations are observed. From time-series data, return maps, fractal dimensions, phase space portraits of strange attractors, two-dimensional Poincare sections, and singularity spectrum f (α) are obtained. The Poincare sections of the phase space trajectories exhibit the stretching and folding which are characteristics of strange attractors. At the onset of chaos, the f (α) spectrum is consistent with the universal one.


This study described an attempt to develop a networked two-tier test system. A two-tier test is a two-level multiple-choice question that diagnoses students' alternative conceptions in science. Three networked, two-tier test items were presented in this study. Students in Taiwan (555 14 year olds and 599 16 year olds) were asked to answer these items online. An analysis of students' answers suggested that students' alternative conceptions might be retained even after formal instruction about relevant conceptions. Moreover, their responses were related across these three two-tier test items. Further development of the two-tier test system will mainly focus on designing appropriate feedback and guidance that help students overcome their alternative conceptions. In this way, the networked two-tier test system is not only a diagnostic tool, but also an effective instructional tool. This study has illuminated some innovative thoughts for the research and practice of science education.


The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma is still increasing in most light-skinned populations. Sunscreen use has been proposed for the primary prevention of melanoma. However, sunscreen use may increase time spent in the sun when users are willing to acquire a tan or to stay in the sun for a long time, which may increase melanoma risk. When sun exposure is not associated with the desire to acquire a tan or stay in the sun for a long time, sunscreen use may prevent squamous cell skin carcinoma. Sun protection should give priority to clothing and sun exposure reduction. Over the last 20 years, tan acquisition through exposure to artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation has become frequent among fair-skinned adolescents and young adults. There is accumulating evidence that sunbed use is associated with melanoma when started before approximately 30 years of age.


A lectin called Helianthus tuberosus agglutinin or Heltuba has been isolated from tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke, a typical representative of the Asteraceae family. Heltuba is a tetrameric protein composed of four identical subunits of 15.5 kDa and exhibits a preferential specificity towards oligomannosides. Cloning of the corresponding cDNAs revealed that the mature lectin polypeptide comprises the entire open reading frame of the cDNA suggesting that the primary translation product is not processed and that the lectin is a cytosolic protein. Searches in the databases revealed sequence similarity with lectins from the taxonomically unrelated Convolvulaceae and Moraceae species. Therefore, the discovery of Heltuba is of great importance in view of the occurrence and molecular evolution of the jacalin-related lectins.


Dynamics of a cascade of two diffusion-coupled excitable units periodically perturbed by pulses applied to the first cell is examined. Firing sequences experimentally found in a chemical system constituted by two coupled stirred cells with the Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) reaction are modelled on two levels. A phase mapping of an abstract piecewise linear excitable two-cell system is derived and its dynamics examined in detail. The functional form of this map combined with local excitation dynamics extracted from a realistic model of the BZ kinetics is used to formulate a semi-empirical model directly applicable to the experimental BZ system. The frequency of firings in the second cell can be either equal to that in the first cell - a complete propagation of the excitation, or smaller - a propagation failure. Complex patterns of transitions between the two dynamic modes found in experiments are well predicted by the semi-empirical model and, surprisingly, by the abstract model as well, pointing to a generic nature of the patterns.


Glacial successions on the eastern piedmont of Kongbugang Peak in the eastern Himalayas,located in the northwestern Cona county of Tibet and adjacent to north-trending Cona-Nariyong Co graben to east,are reassessed and preliminary glacial chronologies are presented for the region.Based on field investigation to the associated glacial landforms and detailed analysis on remote images,the glacial landforms are divided into four sets of tillscorresponding with so-called Nyanyxungla Ice Age,Jilongshi Ice Age,Ronbushi Ice Age and Holocene glaciations,respectively,from oldest to youngest in the area in the light of morphostratigraphy and relative weathering.The oldestGlacial Stage(orthe first tills)is represented by subdued and rounded moraine ridgesor platforms that contain boulders commonly exceeding several meters in diameter.These usually occur on high surfaces(about 4 900~5 000 m a.s.l.) above the main valleys and often are best seen on the interfluves between the lateral moraines of the second tills along the eastern piedmont of Kongbugang Peak,and deeply weathered on thetop of moraines platform.Becausethe tills have been dissected and partly overlaid by younger moraines,the reserved parts of the oldest tills are very limited in region,but it is believedthat the Glaciation maybe the largest in extentin light of evidence for piedmont glaciers,whichfill the whole Cona-Nariyong Co basin and joint with the glaciersfrom eastern mountains of the Cona-Nariyong Co basin.The second tills arerepresented by a few end moraines extendinginto Cona-Nariyong Co basin at an altitude about 4 800 m a.s.lin north of the basin,and some hummock moraines of piedmont glaciers at an altitude about 4 700~4 600 m a.s.l in the central basin.They extend to 10~11 km far from the present ridge of Kongbugang Peak and represent the last most prominent glaciation in the region.The boulders on these moraines are generally 1~3 m in diameter;they are limitedly weathered on surface.The tills may be divided into two sets of moraines on basis of the weathering and end moraines landform around Yaba Co in southern basin.The older moraines,extendingabout 4 600 m a.s.l.,have deeper weathering layer and are more subdued on the top of tills;the younger end moraines about 4 700 m a.s.l.have slighter weathering and few sharp glacial landform.The third tills are represented by aseries of more sharp,crested moraines,overlying on the second tills,within 4~6 kilometers of the presentridge of Kongbugang Peakand only haveslight weathering and relatively fresh meter-size boulders on their surfaces.The youngest tills consist of few lateral-frontal moraines within 1~2 km of present ice margin,and the ice-dammed lakes often occur behind the end moraines.The till identification is easieron remote image,because of the increasing albedo resulted from scarcely weathering.To constrainthe dating of glaciations,samples for U-series and thermo-luminescence(TL)dating were taken in the Cona-Nariyong Co basin.Eight samplesof calcareous sands and coats for U-series and coarse-fine grained sands for OSL dating wererespectively collected from natural and artificial exposures either within or associated with the moraines(see Fig.1 and Table 1).The four dating results from the second tills show that the last most remarkable glacial advance occurred in marine isotope stage(MIS) 6.The older and younger moraines of the tills maybe relate with MIS 6.4 and MIS 6.2,respectively.The results indicate that the first moraines are older than MIS 6,but no exactly datingfor the tills.Two TL datingfrom youngest fluvioglacial terrace related with the third tills indicate the glaciation occurred in MIS 2,maybe involvingMIS 4.One U-series age result from lacustrine of Nariyong Co showsthat the highest terrace of the lake was at least formed in MIS 4 and the result is coincide with the evidence for the highstand paleo-shorelines dissecting the second tills and indicatesthe lake was resultedfrom the glaciers dammed outlets of basin during penultimate glaciations.The fresh and youngest tills were resulted from Holocene glaciations.The researchresults suggest that glacial advances are related with cold stage of marine isotope stage,but the tendency of extent change of glaciers was gradually decreased since MIS 6 and the most prominent change of glacier extent occurred in MIS 5 in the region.


The Severn Estuary on the west coast of Britain is large, macrotidal and well mixed, receiving fine sediment from many sources. Within the last few thousand years, at least four discrete lithostratigraphic units, predominantly of sandy to silty clay, have accumulated along the shores of the estuary in the upper intertidal zone. The three youngest are continuing to be deposited, each beneath a distinctive geomorphic surface reached by a proportion of the tides. These surfaces form a stair-like succession on the salt marshes and high mud flats, the most elevated and outermost of the surfaces overlying the formation that, of the three, began to accumulate earliest. We here describe and name these linked geomorphic and lithostratigraphic features, and outline on a reconnaissance basis their distribution within the estuary. The (upper) Wentlooge Formation consists of pale green estuarine silty clays that began to accumulate 2500-3000 years ago and ceased to form in the Roman period or soon after. Reclamation during the Roman period isolated the Wentlooge Surface on large areas of tidal wetland in the lower estuary. The soil that developed on this surface is recognized as the Wentlooge palaeosol in those places where post-Roman breaching of the Roman sea defences led to a resumption of tidal sedimentation. The Rumney Surface is the most elevated of the geomorphic surfaces on the salt marshes of the estuary. It overlies thick largely pink sandy to silty clays, termed the Rumney Formation, that began to form at times ranging from the early mediaeval to the early modern periods. Mediaeval reclamation of wetlands led to the isolation of the Oldbury Surface during the early stages in the accumulation of the Rumney beds. Locally, the breaching of the mediaeval seabanks led to renewed tidal sedimentation on the Oldbury Surface. Wherever the Wentlooge and Rumney formations are seen in contact, the base of the latter so far proves to be sharp and erosional. Locally, the Rumney Formation is found to abut against and smother a low embayed cliff cut into the upper Wentlooge beds. The Awre Surface forms the intermediate level on the salt marshes and overlies pink to grey sandy to silty clays (Awre Formation) that bank against a low cliff and gently shelving platform cut into older deposits. This unit began to accumulate probably in the 19th century. The lowest step on the salt marshes is formed by the Northwick Surface, underlain by the grey sandy to silty clays of the Northwick Formation. Like the Rumney and Awre beds, the Northwick Formation abuts against a cliff and shelving platform eroded into older sediments, chiefly the Rumney and Awre formations. The erosion surface at the base of the Northwick Formation dates from the 19th century and the beds themselves from the early 20th century. The reconnaissance shows that these linked formations and geomorphic surfaces are represented in most parts of the Severn Estuary. The evidence available for dating - archaeological, historical, radiocarbon, and geochemical - points to the broad synchroneity of each formation throughout this extensive area. The geochemistry of the tidal sediments, reflecting the pollution history of the estuary, is particularly useful in the recognition and correlation of the Northwick Formation. These associated geomorphic and lithostratigraphic features point to the instability of the shores of the estuary and to important horizontal movements of the strand over the last 2000 years. Intrinsic as well as external factors may have controlled these oscillations, but which factor, or factors, was responsible for the movements recorded cannot as yet be decided.


This article discusses the strengths and weakness of the Angoff and Bookmark standard setting procedures. An alternative approach that focuses on the strengths of these procedures and adds three diagnostic indices is presented. This alternative approach is applied to three standard setting data sets and the results are discussed.


In this article I show how aesthetic disciplines, to which musicology belongs, have suffered from a crisis of creativity for the past decade or so. By crisis of creativity I mean the development of new theories, which can contribute to new knowledge about music, from both historical and contemporary prespectives. With help from theories that normally lies outside of the institutional discourse of musicology, I argue that what is known as an intermedial perspective can contribute to a new understandning of music. The aim with this article is thus to introduce the concept of intermediality and the discipline of intermedial studies into the discussion of musicology as a discipline. Two parallel strands are followed through which four questions are raised. The two strands are: 1) the "interarts" strand, and 2) the Cultural Studies/media studies strand. The four questions are: 1) What characterises the intermedial perspective? 2) Which theories appear? 3) What are the similarities and differences between the "interarts" and "Cultural Studies/media studies strands? and finally, 4) Is there a place for a "new" humanities discipline now and in the future? Question number four deals with the premise that society today is characterised by an intensive media culture, in which all cultural expressions are woven into one another, i.e. a multimodal and intermedial culture. If we to accept this premise, then for an intended humanities discipline to understand this culture, a specific, clearly formulated body of theory is needed. There appears to be an increasing demand for such a body of theory within different disciplinary fields that already has been formulated within the field of intermedial studies. My suggestion is that intermedial studies can function as a supplement to the other aesthetic disciplines. (Less)


Candida albicans is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogenic fungus. Although it normally reproduces clonally, several lines of evidence exist for genetic recombination and some form of sexual reproduction. We have sequenced seven regions of its mitochondrial genome in 36 strains and constructed haplotypes for the 66 polymorphic sites, which include single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletions. Nineteen different haplotypes were observed. Strains with the same mitochondrial haplotype were found in different clades defined by nuclear multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the UPGMA dendrograms constructed using either set of data were different in topology. There was no apparent correlation between mitochondrial haplotype and the source of the strain (geographical or anatomical). Examination of the mitochondrial haplotypes revealed substantial evidence for recombination between polymorphic sites. This suggests that the use of mitochondrial haplotypes in phylogenetic studies should be approached with caution. These results provide further evidence for recombination and genetic exchange in the biology of C. albicans.


In clinical chemistry, a number of studies shows that the probability of very large errors is much greater than expected from the Gaussian distribution. In addition, it has been empirically found that the behavior of nonlinear complex systems is often asymptotically exponential. Consequently, we may assume that the error of some analytical systems may be approximated by the sum of a linear component of error with Gaussian distribution and a nonlinear component with Laplacian. Then, the probability density function (pdf) of the total error is approximated by the convolution integral of the Gaussian and the Laplacian pdf. To explore the hypothesis of a nonlinear component of the analytical error I have evaluated this distribution and calculated various quality control related statistics with numerical methods. Large errors are much more probable with the proposed distribution than with the Gaussian. Simulated series of measurements with the proposed distribution often meet the criteria for normality. The critical errors and the probabilities for critical error detection are less than the respective ones of the Gaussian distribution. The probabilities for false rejection are greater. Therefore, to optimize the quality control planning process, we should explore the possibility that there exists a nonlinear component of the analytical error.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of volume and solution on transit time and fluorescence intensity (FI) using near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) in a simulated tumor model in cats. Secondarily, to describe SLN mapping with indocyanine green (ICG) NIRF and report any adverse effects of intradermally injected ICG in cats.

ANIMALS
7 healthy purpose-bred domestic shorthaired male cats.

METHODS
Cats were randomly divided into 2 groups (ICG or ICG + methylene blue [MB]). Transit time and FI were determined for 1 or 2 mL solutions injected intradermally in 4 quadrants around a simulated tumor. Following massage, fluorescence intensity was quantified by calculating the corrected total ROI fluorescence using ImageJ software. Cats were monitored for adverse effects up to 4 weeks post-injection.

RESULTS
A larger solution volume had decreased transit times to the SLN (P = .001). There was no significant difference in transit times between ICG and ICG-MB. ICG demonstrated a greater FI (P = .001) in the SLN compared to ICG-MB. Methylene blue did not percutaneously fluoresce under NIRF. The volume of the solution did not significantly affect FI. No adverse reactions were reported.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Increased volume of ICG may aid in rapid percutaneous lymphatic tracking from tumor to SLN. Indocyanine green alone may be preferred over ICG-MB for greater visualization of the SLN. Intradermal injections of ICG and ICG-MB were well-tolerated in healthy cats with no significant complications. Clinical evaluation of this technique in an impaired lymphatic system, as seen in cancer patients, should be assessed in future research.


Slip bands formed at the low strain region ranging from about 0.005 to 2% in a polycrystalline Cu-30 mass% Zn alloy were investigated by optical microscopy and crystallographic orientation analysis using an SEM-ECP method. Many grains exhibited slip bands caused by the primary slip system at about 0.005% strain. Some grains in which the secondary slip system had been activated were observed at this stage of plastic deformation. Most of these grains produced slip bands due to the primary slip system with further plastic deformation.A model of Hashimoto and Margolin based on the elastic incompatibility at a grain boundary could explain the secondary slip system becoming active in only about 20% of the grains in which this slip system had been activated initially. In about 60% of such grains, when the secondary slip system produced more similar shape change to that of the surrounding grains than the primary slip system did, the secondary slip system was understood to become preferentially active, taking account of the two-dimensional surface shape change after small plastic deformation.


SUMMARY The paper presents two algorithms for computing a control structure whose execution enumerates the integer vectors of a parameterized polyhedron defined in a given context. Both algorithms reconsider the successive projection method, based on Fourier-Motzkin pairwise elimination, defined by Ancourt and Irigoin. The way redundant constraints are removed in their algorithm is revisited in order to improve the computation time for the enumeration code of higher order polyhedrons as well as their execution time. The algorithms presented here are at the root of the code generation in the HPF compiler PANDORE developed at IRISA, France; a comparison of these algorithms with the one defined by Ancourt and Irigoin is given in the class of polyhedrons manipulated by the PANDORE compiler.


This retrospective observational study evaluated improvement in coronal malalignment (CM) after anteroposterior staged surgery using lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) in patients with coronal lumbar curve adult spinal deformity (ASD). Sixty patients with ASD underwent surgery; 34 had SRS–Schwab type L lumbar curve. Patients with a coronal balance distance (CBD) ≥20 mm were diagnosed with CM. Using the Obeid CM classification, we classified the preoperative coronal pattern as concave CM (type 1) or convex CM (type 2). Demographic, surgical, and radiological parameters were compared. Whole-spine standing radiographs were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Twenty-three patients had type 1A, six had type 2A, five had no CM, and none had type 1B or 2B according to the Obeid CM classification. Compared with patients with Obeid type 1A, those with Obeid type 2A had significantly higher preoperative and postoperative coronal L4 tilts and a smaller change in corrected CBD (Δ|CBD|) (76.6 mm vs. 24.1 mm, p < 0.001). At the final follow-up, 58.6% (17/29 patients) of patients with SRS–Schwab type L CM showed improvement after corrective fusion using LLIF. Although the difference was not statistically significant, CM improved in 69.6% (16/23 patients) of patients with Obeid type 1A type but only 16.7% (1/6 patients) of those with Obeid type 2A type (p = 0.056). CM was more likely to remain after anteroposterior staged surgery using LLIF in patients with preoperative Obeid type 2A ASD.


An investigation is carried out of the association and clustering of mixtures of Gaussian charge distributions (CDs) of the form ∼Qexp(-r(2)/2α(2)), where Q is the total charge, r is the separation between the centers of charge and α governs the extent of charge spreading (α → 0 is the point charge limit). The general case where α and Q are different for the positive and negatives charges is considered. The Ewald method is extended to treat these systems and it is used in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of electrically neutral CD mixtures in the number ratios of 1:1 and 1:4 (or charge ratio 4:1). The MD simulations reveal increased clustering with decreasing temperature, which goes through a state in which each large CD is overlapped by four of the oppositely signed CD in the 1:4 case. At very low reduced temperatures, these mini-clusters progressively coalesce into much larger tightly bound clusters. This is different from the 1:1 mixture case, where the low temperature limit is a random distribution of neutral dimers. At higher temperatures, the MD radial distribution functions g(r) agree well with those from the hypernetted chain solution of the Ornstein-Zernike integral equation, and (at not too high densities) a previously introduced mean field approximation extended to these charge distribution systems.


The aim of the study is to assess the levels of specialization of aspiring women entrepreneurs in various types of economic activities in modern countries. The study was based on data from a survey of women entrepreneurs in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Process for 59 countries in 2018. Economic and mathematical models describing the specialization of entrepreneurs in five main groups of activities have been developed. The distribution of their values of indicators by country is considered. The countries with the maximum and minimum values of indicators are defined. A comparative analysis of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is presented.


It is becoming increasingly desirable to move older application programs from their traditional mainframe execution environments to networked workstations. These management information systems are most often written in COBOL and store their data in files. A networked environment enables the use of a relational database management system and its fourth-generation access language, SQL. A conceptual framework is described that comprises a variety of strategies for making such a transition. Decision criteria for selecting among them are then presented. Finally, a variety of experiments intended to explore the strategies are recounted. The experiments include efforts to automate parts of the process.<<ETX>>


Discusses an EMG based control method of a robotic manipulator as an adaptive human supporting system, which consists of an arm control part, a hand and wrist control part and a graphical feedback display. The arm control part controls joint angles of the arm according to the position of the operator's wrist joint measured by a 3D position sensor. The hand and wrist control part selects an active joint out of four joint degrees of freedom and controls if using an impedance model based on the EMG signals. A distinctive feature of our method is to use a statistical neural network for EMG pattern discrimination. This network can adapt to changes of the EMG patterns according to differences among individuals different locations of the electrodes, time variation caused by fatigue or sweat, and so on. It is shown from the experiments that the hand and wrist motions can be controlled based on the EMG signals sufficiently. It may be useful as an assistive device for a handicapped person.


Modified Duty Program This brochure answers common questions regarding the UC Davis Modified Duty Program. Modified Duty Brochure [3] Notice Poster California law requires that departments conspicuously display this poster where it can be read by the employees. Notice Poster [4] Physician Designation An employee uses this form to designate his or her personal physician to provide treatment in the event of a work-incurred injury or illness. See Policy 370-20 [5] for further information. Physician Designation Form [6] Policies Relating to Workers' Compensation 370-20 [5] Policy and Procedure Manual, Workers' Compensation PPSM 44 [7] Personnel Policies for Staff Members, Work-Incurred Illness and Injury Time of Hire Pamphlet This state mandated form must be given to new employees within the first two weeks of employment. It is part of the informational packet at New Employee Orientation. The information in this pamphlet is available in Spanish. To obtain a copy, please select the appropriate link below, or call Workers' Compensation at (530) 752-7243. Time of Hire Pamphlet English [8]


There are many studies on certain skin cell specifications and their contribution to wound healing. In this review, we provide an overview of dermal cell heterogeneity and their participation in skin repair, scar formation, and in the composition of skin substitutes. The papillary, reticular, and hair follicle associated fibroblasts differ not only topographically, but also functionally. Human skin has a number of particular characteristics that are different from murine skin. This should be taken into account in experimental procedures. Dermal cells react differently to skin wounding, remodel the extracellular matrix in their own manner, and convert to myofibroblasts to different extents. Recent studies indicate a special role of papillary fibroblasts in the favorable outcome of wound healing and epithelial-mesenchyme interactions. Neofolliculogenesis can substantially reduce scarring. The role of hair follicle mesenchyme cells in skin repair and possible therapeutic applications is discussed. Participation of dermal cell types in wound healing is described, with the addition of possible mechanisms underlying different outcomes in embryonic and adult tissues in the context of cell population characteristics and extracellular matrix composition and properties. Dermal white adipose tissue involvement in wound healing is also overviewed. Characteristics of myofibroblasts and their activity in scar formation is extensively discussed. Cellular mechanisms of scarring and possible ways for its prevention are highlighted. Data on keloid cells are provided with emphasis on their specific characteristics. We also discuss the contribution of tissue tension to the scar formation as well as the criteria and effectiveness of skin substitutes in skin reconstruction. Special attention is given to the properties of skin substitutes in terms of cell composition and the ability to prevent scarring.


Nanoplasmonics and Metamaterials have become an important research topic because of their interesting physics and exciting potential applications, ranging from sensing and biomedicine to nanoscopic imaging and information technology. However, many applications are hindered by one common cause – absorption loss in metal. We have shown the loss of surface plasmon can be conquered by modifying the surface structure of metal, and also can be compensated with optical gain. We also have observed the stimulated emission of surface plasmon, and demonstrated the spaser (nanolaser) supported by localized surface plasmon. We have studied the non-metallic metamaterials, which do not suffer from the damping loss of metals, including semiconductors and laser dyes. We have shown indium tin oxide (ITO) is more suitable for the nanoplasmonic applications in the infrared range than Au. We also have shown that high concentrated laser dyes exhibit negative real parts of the electric permittivity, and their dielectric functions can be controlled by laser illumination. With no doubts, such materials can revolutionize the entire technological fields of nanoplasmonics and metamaterials. In collaboration with M. Noginov, Norfolk State University.


Wake word detection is the process of continuously listening for some specific keyword or phrase which, when uttered, wakes up a system and initiates communication between the system and a user. This is a necessity for interaction with virtual assistants such as Google Now, Apple's Siri, Microsoft's Cortana, and Amazon's Alexa. The goal of this project was to implement and evaluate a wake word detection algorithm based on deep learning. Two systems were implemented using recurrent neural networks which were trained as binary classifiers designed to return a confidence score indicating whether a wake word was uttered or not within a speech frame. The first system was based on a commonly used approach in which features are extracted from a sliding window of fixed length. The second system was more experimental, and exploited some of the capabilities of recurrent neural networks in order to eliminate the need for overlapping and fixed-length windows. Both systems used GRU networks with 65,154 trainable parameters, and thus had a similar memory footprint. However, the experimental system cut the computation cost by nearly 80 % compared to the sliding window based system, while also reducing the number of false detections. The results were highly encouraging, though there is still room for improvement. The first step would be using a larger and more diverse data set, and using a higher ratio of negatives to positives. Added layers, tweaking of parameters, regularization techniques or using a different type of cell in the network might also have a positive effect.


Purpose
Mobile food ordering apps (MFOAs) became more popular, thanks to social distancing regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak. People started to order food using these apps more than usual. As customers seem happy to use these apps, there is always a risk of spreading infection. These facts inevitably shape customer intentions. Therefore, this study aims to empirically assess the MFOA user dining attitudes (DA), e-satisfaction (ES) and continuance intention (CI) regarding the perceived risk (PR) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Türkiye.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) in the expectation confirmation theory and technology acceptance model. Data collection instruments were derived from existing literature, and 625 questionnaires were collected via online surveys. The data collection instrument consisted of eight parts that aimed to gather information about participants' demographics, expectation confirmation, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, ES, PR and CI.

Findings
Results showed significant relationships between ES, DA, PR and CI. The most remarkable finding is that while ES influences customers to reuse MFOAs, PR causes a decrease in CI.

Originality/value
This study model broadened the existing MFOA study models by adding risk factors. Also, it made a valuable contribution to emerging MFOA literature both in Türkiye and the world.


Five mouse hybridoma cell lines secreting SA, SB, SC, SD, and SE monoclonal antibodies (McAb) to cytochrome c have been produced. From the cross-reactivities of these McAb with various vertebrate cytochromes c, the antigenic sites for SA and SB McAb were proposed to be at Thr(89)-Glu(92)-Ala(96) and Asn(103), respectively. The binding site for other McAb have not been determined. Cross-reactivity studies based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and dot immunobinding assays indicated that SA, SB, and SC McAb did not bind to apo-cytochrome c nor to any of the three CNBr-peptide fragments. This observation suggests that (i) the antigenic specificity of these McAb is dependent on the conformatiuon of the antigenic site which is inherent to the native holoprotein molecule and (ii) the ordered conformation in the C-terminal regions of holo-cytochrome c is destroyed during CNBr-peptide fragmentation. On the other hand, the lack of binding of SD and SE McAb to apo-cytochrome c indicates that these McAb are also specific for conformational sites. The binding of SD and SE McAb to the heme-containing A-peptide fragment (residues 1-65) suggests that the conformation around the heme, as possible antigenic sites, are stable because of the thioether linkages by the Cys residues.


This study attempts Improving The Students' Achievement In Writing Descriptive Paragraphs By Applying Think-Talk-Write Strategy. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class XI IPA 1 SMA PARULIAN 1 Medan that consists of 28 students. The data of this study were obtained quantitatively through writing test which shows that the range of students who got score 75 to up is 92.85% and qualitatively from interview sheets, diary notes and observation sheets. Based on the diary notes, observation sheets and interview sheets, it was found that teaching-learning process ran well. Students were active, enthusiastic and interested in writing. The result of research showed that the Think-talk-write Strategy can improve students' achievement in writing descriptive paragraph. It is suggested that teachers should use Think-talk-write strategy to improving students' writing especially in writing descriptive paragraph.


The purpose of the study was to determine the rotational effect of buoyant force (buoyant torque) and its contribution to the bodyroll exhibited during front crawl swimming performed at a distance pace. Three-dimensional videography was used to measure the position and orientation of the body segments of eleven competitive swimmers performing at a distance pace. The buoyant torque was computed with the method described by Yanai (1999). The bodyroll generated by the buoyancy torque was determined from the double time-integral of the buoyancy torque and the principal moment of inertia of the body. The buoyancy torque changed in the mean range from –7.7 Nm to 7.7 Nm with a systematic pattern at stroke frequency. The buoyant torque generated the bodyroll of the peak-to-peak amplitude 1.26 radians, accounting for 88 % of the peak-to-peak amplitude (mean = 1.43 radians) of the bodyroll exhibited by the swimmers.


A total of 152 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) receiving a first stem cell transplant had marrow cells prospectively analyzed to calculate the flow cytometric scoring system (FCSS) score. The FCSS scores were retrospectively compared with patient outcomes in both univariate and multivariate models. The cumulative incidence of posttransplantation relapse at 3 years was 15%, 10%, and 36% for patients with mild, moderate, and severe FCSS scores, respectively, with the hazard for relapse of 2.8 (P = .02) for severe scores in comparison to patients with mild or normal FCSS scores. In multivariate analyses, the FCSS score was associated with relapse even after accounting for International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score or for marrow myeloblast percentage. Among patients with intermediate-1 risk by IPSS, severe FCSS scores were associated with an increased hazard of relapse (3.8; P = .02) compared with patients with normal/mild/moderate FCSS scores. Among patients with less than 5% marrow myeloblasts, myeloblast dyspoiesis was associated with an increased hazard of relapse (3.7; P = .02). This analysis confirmed that FCSS scores are predictive of posttransplantation outcomes in patients with MDS even after adjusting for risk factors such as marrow myeloblast percentage and IPSS score.


Effective traceability tools able to characterize milk from pasture are important to safeguard low-input farming systems, niche dairy products, and local traditions. The aims of the present study were to investigate the ability of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to discriminate between milk produced from cows before and after the beginning of the grazing season, and to assess the effects of grazing on milk metabolites. The research trial involved a single alpine holding with 72 lactating cows. Individual milks were repeatedly sampled from the same animals before (i.e., d -3 and -1) and after (i.e., d 2, 3, 7, 10, and 14) the onset of the grazing period. One-dimensional 1H NMR spectra of milk extracts were collected through a Bruker spectrometer. Random forest discriminant analysis was applied to 1H NMR spectra to predict the period of collection for each sample. Data concerning the relative abundance of milk metabolites were analyzed through a linear mixed model, which included the fixed effects of period of sampling, cow breed, stage of lactation, and parity, and the random effect of cow nested within breed. The random forest model exhibited great accuracy (93.1%) in discriminating between samples collected on d -3, -1, 2, and 3 and those collected on d 7, 10, and 14. Univariate analysis performed on the 40 detected metabolites highlighted that milk samples from pasture had lower levels of 14 compounds (with fumarate being the most depressed metabolite) and greater levels of 15 compounds (with methanol and hippurate being the most elevated metabolites). Results indicate that milk 1H NMR spectra are promising to identify milk produced in different conditions. Also, our study highlights that grazing is associated with significant changes of milk metabolic profile, suggesting the potential use of several metabolites as indicators of farm management.


We appreciate the comments by Parker et al . (1) and Knauert et al . (2) concerning our recent manuscript entitled "Dexmedetomidine for the treatment of hyperactive delirium refractory to haloperidol in non-intubated ICU patients: A non-randomized controlled trial" (3). We are agreed with the most of reviewer's considerations. However, we would like to add three reflections that may be interesting for the readers. The first relates to the current position of this alpha-2 agonist on the healthcare market. A second comment intends to respond to some interesting assertions from the reviewers that, in our opinion, could be controversial. The third and final comment is addressed to reflect on the future of the research on intensive care unit (ICU) delirium.


This behaviour-genetic study concentrates on intra-specific aggressiveness in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., forma leiura). Aggressiveness was studied under standardized conditions in five different test situations, referred to as juvenile aggressiveness, female aggressiveness, territorial aggressiveness, courtship aggressiveness, or dominance ability. The aim of the study is two-fold: 1. To assess the extent to which variation of aggressiveness in each of the different test situations is attributable to genetic causes. 2. To assess the extent to which variation in these various manifestations of aggressiveness is influenced by common genetic factors. The paper starts with an analysis of the variation of aggressiveness in the base population, composed of individually isolated progeny of wild-caught parents (chapter 2). In each of the different test situations aggressiveness is highly variable across individuals. Repeated measurements with the same individuals as well as similarity of the levels of aggression between full sibs shows that phenotypic variation is to a considerable extent attributable to genotypic variation in each of the investigated situations. The genetic influence on variation of aggressiveness is further analysed with the aid of selection experiments (chapter 3). Bidirectional selection is exerted upon juvenile aggressiveness in juveniles of both sexes (juvenile aggression lines), upon territorial aggressiveness in males and female aggressiveness in adult females (territorial aggression lines), and lastly, upon dominance ability in males (dominance lines). Besides these six selection lines an unselected control line was maintained. Selection is highly successful in downward direction in each of the different contexts. However, enhancement of the level of aggression is less successful in most lines, with the exception of female aggressiveness. Possible causes for these asymmetries of responses are discussed in detail. It is argued that the lack of response in males to selection for territorial aggressiveness and dominance ability in upward directions is probably due to an upper selection limit for territorial aggressiveness and dominance ability, that is already present in the base population. The combined two-way responses yield heritability-estimates of at least 0.30 for aggressiveness in the different test situations. In the single selection lines the realized heritabilities range from 0 to at least 0.60. Across individuals of the base population the levels of aggression in the different test situations are correlated with each other to various degrees. In females there is a distinctly positive phenotypic correlation between juvenile and female aggressiveness, but in males correlations between juvenile, territorial and courtship aggressiveness are weaker. Dominance ability is uncorrelated with aggressiveness in the other test situations. Since fish of the various selection lines are not only scored for their aggressiveness in the particular situation in which they are selected, but also for their aggressiveness in the other test situations, these phenotypic correlations can be translated into genetic correlations (chapter 4). The genetic correlations between the levels of aggression in the different test situations are comparable to the corresponding phenotypic correlations. The genetic basis of juvenile aggressiveness is most likely identical for both juvenile males and juvenile females. In adult females variation of aggressiveness remains most likely governed by the same genetic factors. The genetic factors that contribute to variation of territorial aggressiveness are only partly identical to those that contribute to variation of juvenile aggressiveness. Changes of courtship aggressiveness parallel those of territorial aggressiveness in the various selection lines, suggesting that common genetic influences underlie variation in both manifestations of intra-specific aggressiveness in reproductive males. Lastly, variation of dominance ability is probably governed by genetic factors different from those governing variation of juvenile or territorial aggressiveness. Indirect determination of the level of androgens in reproductive males of the various selection lines, by means of kidney-size measurements, reveals that selection for territorial aggressiveness most likely acts on the level of androgens. In view of changes accompanying selection for juvenile aggressiveness (viz. a difference between high and low line fish in age at sexual maturity, in age at onset of juvenile aggression, and in incidence of ripeness) selection for juvenile aggressiveness likely acts on the level of gonadotropic hormones. Finally, selection for dominance ability acts on factors (probably androgen-independent) that influence the brightness of colouration. Throughout this paper the influence of a number of variables on aggressiveness in the various test situations, such as age, degree of ripeness, location of the nest, age of sexual maturity, experience, length, isolation and responsiveness, are analysed. Furthermore, attention is paid to threatening displays, to a peculiar behaviour called snapping at air-bubbles, to aggressiveness of juveniles in groups of fixed size, and to measures of aggressiveness other than the criterion applied during selection in a particular situation. Finally, the literature is reviewed with respect to selection studies on aggressiveness and to selective forces acting on aggressiveness in the three-spined stickleback.


FeMnRh based spin-valve films have demonstrated promising corrosion resistance compared to spin-valves with FeMn films.' In this work, we present GMR and structural properties of FeMnRh spin-valve films prepared using an advanced planetary DC magnetron system with a base pressure of 1 X IO-* Torr. As-deposited spin-valves with structure Si(ll1)RaSO a/NiFe20/CoFe53 a C u 2 6 bCoFe22 U e M n R h I I O b Ta50 A exhibited a GMR value of 7.0% with an exchange field Hex=420 Oe. After annealing at 24OC for 1.5 hs, Hex increased to 552 Oe which corresponds to an interfacial exchange coupling energy J=0.182 erg/cm2. It is among the highest values reported for FeMn based spin-valve structures. For annealed samples, Hex decreased slowly with temperature from 20-100°C with Hex=236 Oe at 100°C and zero at Tb=160°C GMR ratio remains stable for annealed samples. The large GMR ratio and Hex field found in these FeMnRh spin-valves films were attributed to highly oriented fcc(l11) texture and high-quality laying structure, as evidenced xy x-ray diffraction data and high-resolution TEM pictures. Detailed process and structure optimizations will be described.


Summary It was the objective of this study to systematically compare the effects of oral anticoagulation (OAC) with heparin bridging therapy among patients at high risk for thromboembolism undergoing implantation of cardiac rhythm devices. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid and Elsevier, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted. Six trials that met our inclusion criteria were identified and included in the present study. The endpoints of this meta-analysis included pocket haematoma, severe haematoma requiring drainage/revision, thromboembolic events, and length of hospital stay. Data were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). There was a statistically significant reduction of pocket haematoma (OR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.49, p<0.00001) and haematoma drainage/revision (OR 0.15, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.54, p=0.004), respectively, in the OAC continuation group versus the heparin bridging group. We did not detect any statistically sig- nificant differences of thromboembolic events (OR 0.48, 95%CI: 0.07 to 3.54, p=0.48) in the two groups. There was a trend that patients in bridging group had longer hospital stays. In conclusion, OAC continu- ation had a better risk-beneficial ratio and shorter length of hospital stay, and was more convenient to implement compared with heparin bridging therapy among patients at high risk for thromboembolism undergoing implantation of cardiac rhythm devices.


BACKGROUND
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy has been proven effective in the prevention of sudden cardiac death, but data on outcomes of ICD therapy in the young and otherwise healthy patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) are limited.

AIM
We sought to collect data on appropriate and inappropriate ICD discharges, risk factors, and ICD-related complications.

METHODS
All LQTS patients implanted with an ICD in 14 centres were investigated. Demographic, clinical, and ICD therapy data were collected.

RESULTS
The study included 67 patients (88% female). Median age at ICD implantation was 31 years (12-77 years). ICD indication was based on resuscitated cardiac arrest in 46 patients, syncope in 18 patients, and malignant family history in three patients. During a median follow-up of 48 months, 39 (58%) patients received one or more ICD therapies. Time to first appropriate discharge was up to 55 months. Inappropriate therapies were triggered by fast sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation, and T-wave oversensing. No predictors of inappropriate shocks were identified. Risk factors for appropriate ICD therapy were: (1) recurrent syncope despite b-blocker treatment before ICD implantation, (2) pacemaker therapy before ICD implantation, (3) single-chamber ICD, and (4) noncompliance to b-blockers. In 38 (57%) patients, at least one complication occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
ICD therapy is effective in nearly half the patient population; however, the rates of early and late complica-tions are high. Although the number of unnecessary ICD shocks and reimplantation procedures may be lowered by modern programming and increased longevity of newer ICD generators, other adverse events are less likely to be reduced.


To challenge the bourgeoisie today, even to say its name, seems impossible given that its identity seems to many indistinct today. The capitalist is not really seen nor theorized; its figure is said to blend into the social carpet. But the bourgeoisie is as tangible as ever, only more "spiritual." It has managed to conceal itself by making individuals impersons. One version of this move exists, paradoxically, among those who hate capitalism: posthumanists. The only way to be outside bourgeois value, though, is to revive the human person.


BACKGROUND Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death due to infectious diseases. TB continues to rank among world's most serious health problems despite effective diagnostic & treatment measures. The objectives of the study were to asses and compare the knowledge of tuberculosis among rural and urban slum population and identify the factors associated with their knowledge of tuberculosis. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted and multistage random sampling technique was applied for selection of the individual study subjects. Data was collected using a semi-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. RESULTS 200 individuals were included in the study with an overall mean age (SD) of the individuals of 36.66 (± 13.091) years. 189 (94.5) participants had heard of tuberculosis. 36 (37.9 %) urban slum and 20 (21.3 %) rural participants said that cough is the most common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. 42 (52.5 % among rural population was having good knowledge (rural vs. urban; 52.5 % vs. 47.5 %) compared to urban slum population. Literacy (P = 0.049) and family type (P = 0.044) have played a significant role in acquiring good knowledge of tuberculosis among the participants irrespective of their place of residence. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the knowledge of TB among rural and urban slum population. Literate persons were more aware compared to illiterate population irrespective of their place of living. In spite of having good awareness regarding TB, in general the knowledge level on risk factors was not satisfactory and needs further improvement. Therefore, a special drive has to be started for imparting knowledge to the community regarding risk factors as this could prevent further occurrence or progress of TB. KEYWORDS Tuberculosis, Knowledge of TB, Urban Rural Difference


Whereas many different models exist in the mathematical and physics literature for ground-states of non-relativistic crystals, the relativistic case has been much less studied and we are not aware of any mathematical result on a fully relativistic treatment of crystals. In this paper, we introduce a mean-field relativistic energy for crystals in terms of periodic density matrices. This model is inspired both from a recent definition of the Dirac-Fock ground state for atoms and molecules, due to one of us, and from the non-relativistic Hartree-Fock model for crystals. We prove existence of a ground-state when the number of electrons per cell is not too large.


The Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating started in 2004 in the Geological Institute of Hungary, then continued in the successor Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, and the Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary. Our OSL ages have contributed to the reconstructions of palaeohydrography and palaeomorphology as well as the timing of neotectonic movements and archaeological sites among others.
Principally, quartz is used for dating because it is an abundant and resistant mineral of the sediments and it serves as a natural retrospective dosimeter that is trapping and storing charges in the point defects of its crystal lattice.
During the dating of Upper Pleistocene and Holocene sediments, it has been recognised that the luminescence properties of quartz and its suitability for OSL dating show local differences. For example, in some places of Hungary, quartz has much dimmer luminescence than in other areas of the country, or it is saturated due to lower radioactive radiation, which makes OSL dating challenging. The aim of this study was to find the causes of these local differences. Quartz was separated from some plutonic, volcanic, metamorphic and older sedimentary rocks and sediments of Hungary, which can be source of some Upper Pleistocene and Holocene sediments in Hungary. Beside OSL measurements, for the detection of the chemical impurities that can cause defects in the crystal lattice, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (Micro-FTIR) and Infrared Spectrometry were applied. Thermal Analysis and X-Ray Diffraction were applied for the characterization of the quartz separates. The concentration of the radioactive elements in the studied formations was also determined based on laboratory High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry.
The results of the OSL measurements indicated that sediments, sedimentary rocks and some volcanic tuffs give brighter or more intensive luminescence than the quartz of the studied metamorphic and plutonic rocks. The quartz grains of only a few formations are appropriate for OSL dating if they get into the Pleistocene or Holocene sediments. They are solely sediments and sedimentary rocks, certain Upper-Miocene, Upper-Miocene–Pliocene and Upper-Oligocene sands of Kalla Gravel, Zagyva and Torokbalint Sandstone formations.
The results of the LA-ICP-MS measurements indicated Li, Na, Al, P, K, Ti and Ba impurities in the quartz grains, while Micro-FTIR analysis detected coupled substitution of Al3++ H+ at the position of Si4+ incorporated as AlOH structural hydroxyl, and molecular water as well. These impurities partly are present in mineral phases, as clay minerals or smectite, and mica, according to the results of XRD, Thermal Analysis and Infrared Spectrometry.
The causes of the local differences in luminescence properties of quartz grains and their suitability for OSL dating are probably their different source rocks, and diverse thermal and sedimentary history. The quartz grains that are originated directly from metamorphic and plutonic rocks by erosion show unfavourable OSL properties, probably because, during their long cooling period, they relax most of the point defects in their crystal lattice that were formed during their formation on high temperature. The OSL properties of the quartz grains of the sediments and sedimentary rocks are more favourable due to the repeated cycles of radioactive irradiation and the zeroing of the OSL in sunshine which increase the sensitivity of quartz.


In the present study, participants administered painful electric shocks to an unseen male opponent who was either explicitly labeled as gay or stereotypically implied to be gay. Identifying the opponent with a gay-stereotypic attribute produced a situation in which the target's group status was privately inferred but plausibly deniable to others. To test the plausible deniability hypothesis, we examined aggression levels as a function of internal (personal) and external (social) motivation to respond without prejudice. Whether plausible deniability was present or absent, participants high in internal motivation aggressed at low levels, and participants low in both internal and external motivation aggressed at high levels. The behavior of participants low in internal and high in external motivation, however, depended on experimental condition. They aggressed at low levels when observers could plausibly attribute their behavior to prejudice and aggressed at high levels when the situation granted plausible deniability. This work has implications for both obstacles to and potential avenues for prejudice-reduction efforts.


Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems suffer considerably when source speech is corrupted with noise or room impulse responses (RIR). Typically, speech enhancement is applied in both mismatched and matched scenario training and testing. In matched setting, acoustic model (AM) is trained on dereverberated far-field features while in mismatched setting, AM is fixed. In recent past, mapping speech features from far-field to close-talk using denoising autoencoder (DA) has been explored. In this paper, we focus on matched scenario training and show that the proposed joint VAE based mapping achieves a significant improvement over DA. Specifically, we observe an absolute improvement of 2.5% in word error rate (WER) compared to DA based enhancement and 3.96% compared to AM trained directly on far-field filterbank features.


The concept of Delay/Doppler Radar Altimeter (DDA) was proposed by RX Raney([1]) to improve the spatial resolution in the along-track direction, for rougher surfaces more irregular than open oceans. DDA also has many new advantages when it is used for open oceans, such as stronger response, being less sensitive to off-nadir angle errors, and being more sensitive to significant wave height (SWH) than Conventional Radar Altimeters (CRA). These new features and advantages will be validated by simulations in this paper.


We calculate the Green function, particle-hole susceptibility and Cooper pair susceptibility of a 2D Luttinger liquid that results from an electron gas with long-range current-current interactions. The Haldane bosonization scheme allows this model to be written in terms of boson operators, from which the required fermion operators are constructed. We find weakly decaying power law tails in the spectral function and a Kohn anomaly in the 2kF particle-hole susceptibility, but no divergence in the Cooper amplitude.


An important hurdle in analyzing interest rate targeting is that standard models usually lead to price level or inflation rate indeterminacy. This paper develops a simple framework in which such problems do not arise because the bonds whose interest rate is controlled provide liquidity services. This framework is used to examine interest rate targeting in a small open economy under predetermined exchange rates. A permanent increase in the interest rate has no real effects. In contrast, a temporary increase in the interest rate leads to higher consumption and to a current account deficit that worsens over time.


A research had been conducted on Pangasius sp. fish patty with an addition of white oyster mushrooms and stabilizer concentrations. This research aimed to produce Pangasius sp. fish patty with selected characterization. The benefits of the research were increasing the economic value and producing Pangasius sp. fish patty with a good quality.
The preliminary research determined the selected stabilizer between gum arab 1% or carrageenan 0,5% based on textural test and hedonic test. The research was carried out by experiment with two factors. They were stabilizer concentration (0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25%) and addition of white oyster mushroom (20%, 25%, 30%). The responses that was analyzed were physical response that was water holding capacity with Hamm's method, chemical responses were moisture content with gravimetric method, protein content with Kjeldahl method, and dietary fiber content with enzymatic method for the selected product and also hedonic test. Research design applied was Randomized Block Design. Repetition performed 2 times and analyzed using ANOVA, continued by Duncan further test.
The stabilizer which used in the main research was carrageenan 0,5%. Based on analysis result, the addition of white oyster mushroom affected the attributes of taste and texture and water holding capacity. The addition of stabilizer affected on the attributes of taste and texture, moisture content and water holding capacity. The interaction of the addition of oyster mushrooms and stabilizer affected the attributes of taste and texture and water holding capacity. Products selection performed with scoring test, wherein the selected products which was added 0.75% of stabilizer and 20% of white oyster mushroom (a2b1) contained 71.84% water content, 11.03% protein, 1,15g/100g total dietary fiber and 26.41% water holding capacity value, the organoleptic average value of taste, texture and aroma were 3.72, 3.48 and 3,68.

Keywords: patty, Pangasius sp., white oyster mushroom, stabilizer


Healthcare costs are driven by a surprisingly small number of patients. Predicting who is likely to require care in the near future could help reduce costs by pre-empting use of expensive health care resources such as emergency departments and hospitals. We describe the design of an architecture for a joint hospital-primary care data warehouse (JDW) that can monitor the effectiveness of in-hospital interventions in reducing readmissions and predict which patients are most likely to be admitted to hospital in the near future. The design identifies the key governance elements, the architectural principles, the business case, the privacy architecture, future work flows, the IT infrastructure, the data analytics and the high level implementation plan for realization of the JDW. This architecture fills a gap in bridging data from two separate hospital and primary care organizations, not a single managed care entity with multiple locations. The JDW architecture design was well received by the stakeholders engaged and by senior leadership at the hospital and the primary care organization. Future plans include creating a demonstration system and conducting a pilot study.


Faced with the problem of characterizing systematic changes in multivariate time series in an unsupervised manner, we derive and test two methods of regularizing hidden Markov models for this task. Regularization on state transitions provides smooth transitioning among states, such that the sequences are split into broad, contiguous segments. Our methods are compared with a recent hierarchical Dirichlet process hidden Markov model (HDP-HMM) and a baseline standard hidden Markov model, of which the former suffers from poor performance on moderate-dimensional data and sensitivity to parameter settings, while the latter suffers from rapid state transitioning, over-segmentation and poor performance on a segmentation task involving human activity accelerometer data from the UCI Repository. The regularized methods developed here are able to perfectly characterize change of behavior in the human activity data for roughly half of the real-data test cases, with accuracy of 94% and low variation of information. In contrast to the HDP-HMM, our methods provide simple, drop-in replacements for standard hidden Markov model update rules, allowing standard expectation maximization (EM) algorithms to be used for learning.


N-modular redundancy (NMR) and N-version programming (NVP) are two popular fault tolerance techniques in which hardware and software redundancy is exploited to mask faults. Redundant hardware is used to improve fault tolerance rather than throughput. We introduce a scheme for combined hardware-software fault tolerance derived from NMR and NVP that shows how redundancy can also be used to improve throughput by grouping the execution of several tasks. Our scheme uses a dynamic task allocation algorithm with an optimistic execution policy where the number of task executions is kept close to the minimum required to produce fault-free results. For equivalent hardware and software resources, the proposed method is 50% to 100% more efficient in terms of throughput and latency.


Hepatitis A is a major public health problem in many rapidly developing countries and it is still an important disease in many developed countries. Isolation of the virus in cell culture and access to reliable animal models has led to the development of several candidate vaccines. Both inactivated and attenuated vaccines have been developed which appear to be safe, antigenic and protective in laboratory animals. If studies in man support the data which have been obtained in other primates, the first commercially available vaccines are likely to be licensed within the next two years.


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Tropical rainforest areas are difficult to classify in the digital analysis of remote sensing data because of spatial heterogeneity. Often many technical solutions are adopted to reduce the 'problem' of spatial heterogeneity. This thesis describes theory and methods that now use this heterogeneity during the digital image classification. With spatial heterogeneity, spatial aggregation levels such as patches,patch-mosaics and landscapes can be distinguished. Consequently, vegetation patterns can be related to functional management units at different decision-levels. The developed theory and methods thus save two birds with one stone: (a) the classification is completely digitally, and (b) the classification provides information on deforestation that meets the needs of decision-makers. This thesis further recommends approaching all land cover classifications from a heterogeneous perspective for understanding and controlling environmental processes on a global level. This can enhance a sustainable development of tropical rainforest areas for the benefit of future generations.


High-pressure coiled tubing applications pose many technical challenges to coiled tubing string design: collapse, diametral growth, elongation and wall thinning, to name a few. This paper discusses an optimal string design methodology for coiled tubing in high pressure applications. The string design methodology uses a sophisticated collapse-prediction model for oval coiled tubing, taking into account (he effect of axial load on collapse resistance. It also considers the effect of diametral growth, elongation and wall thinning on the performance of a high-pressure coiled tubing (HPCT) string. By integrating these design parameters into the framework of an optimal string design methodology, this paper presents an effective approach for high pressure coiled tubing string design. The paper also presents examples of HPCT string design. It is demonstrated that it is possible to design HPCT strings capable of withstanding more than 9000-psi collapse pressure while maintaining the field usability of the HPCT string.


An experimental gear-box was set-up to simulate the real situation of the wind-turbine. Artificial cracks of different sizes were machined into the gear. Vibration signals were acquired to diagnose the different crack fault conditions. Time-domain features such as root mean square, variance, kurtosis, normalized 6th central moments were used to capture the characteristics of different crack conditions. Normal condition, 1 mm crack condition, 2mm crack condition, 6mm crack condition, and tooth fault condition were compared using ANFIS and DAG-SVM methods, and three different DAG-SVM models were compared. High-pass filtering improved the success rates remarkably in the case of DAG-SVM.