The aim of this study is twofold: one, to determine the presence and function of scientific knowledge when it is required by such cases as `mad cow' disease, when the crisis breaks in the press; and two, to explore the role of scientific information through the analysis of quoted speech used by journalists in their discourse. Citation is the most explicit form of inclusion of other-discourse (D2) in one's-discourse (D1). Within the framework of the theory of énonciation (Ducrot's poliphony perspective), in combination with a critical view of discourse, we analyse the following: (1) the identity of agents of reference chosen by journalists; (2) the specific linguistic choices made in the pre-citation segment where the agents are introduced, that is, identification of discourse procedures and use of specific verbs of communication. The study shows the proportion of scientific and non-scientific voices, the different ways of representing science agents in the process of news communication as well as the use of citation by journal writers not just to confer authority and legitimation to their discourse but to set the scene of the conflict. The scientific role is not presented as a decisive social role capable on its own of reassuring public alarm and journalists fail to secure appropriate credibility for the scientific community.


A new projection display technology called Digital Light Processing/sup TM/ (DLP/sup TM/) accepts digital video and transmits to the eye a burst of digital light pulses that the eye interprets as a color analog image. DLP is based on a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device known as the Digital Micromirror Device/sup TM/ (DMD/sup TM/). Invented in 1987 at Texas Instruments, the DMD is a fast, reflective digital light switch. It can be combined with image processing, memory, a light source, and optics to form a DLP system capable of projecting large, bright, seamless, high-contrast color images with better color fidelity and consistency than current displays.


Sparganosis is a parasitic infection caused by the plerocercoid tapeworm larva of the genus Spirometra. Although the destination of the larva is often a tissue or muscle in the chest, abdominal wall, extremities, eyes, brain, urinary tract, spinal canal, and scrotum, intramuscular sparganosis is uncommon and therefore is difficult to distinguish from a soft tissue tumor. We report a case of intramuscular sparganosis involving the gastrocnemius muscle in an elderly patient who was diagnosed using ultrasonography and MRI and treated by surgical excision. At approximately 1 cm near the schwannoma at the right distal sciatic nerve, several spargana worms were detected and removed.


Films of polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAA) and polysteresulfonate sodium salt (PSS) were formulated using the polyelectrolyte self-assembly technique. Electrical measurements show that there is no presence of counter ions and films are electrically stable. Responses of composite films of PAA/(indicator/PAA)/sub n/(Enzyme/PAA)/sub m/ deposited on suitably treated glass substrates to heavy metals and pesticides are found to be selective from their optical absorption spectra.


Objectives The global burden of dementia is increasing, with the greatest increase predicted to occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite this there are limited previous data on the prevalence of, and risk factors for, dementia in SSA. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia, and investigate its associations, in those aged 60 years and older attending the outpatient department of Mount Meru Hospital in northern Tanzania. This is the first hospital-based outpatient dementia prevalence and risk factors study to be conducted in an east African population. Methods This was a one-phase cross-sectional study. Adults aged 60 years and over attending medical outpatients were screened for dementia using The Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans cognitive screening tool. Those who scored ≤9 were clinically assessed using the DSM-IV criteria. Demographic, medical comorbidity and lifestyle information were collected during a clinical assessment. Results Prevalence of dementia was 5.0% (95% confidence interval: 3.7-6.3). Binary logistic regression found female sex (odds ratio (OR)=2.778), having no formal education(OR=6.088), quantity of alcohol consumption (units/week) (OR=1.080), uncorrected visual impairment (OR=4.260), body mass index <18.5kg/m2 (OR=6.588) and stroke (OR=15.790with wide 95% confidence interval (3.48-74.475)) to be significantly, independently associated with dementia. Conclusions The prevalence of dementia in this population is lower than previously reported community-based rates in Tanzania, and similar to those in high-income countries.This is the first time the association between uncorrected visual impairment and dementia has been reported in SSA. Other associations identified are in keeping with previous literature. Further research on the management of dementia and its risk factors, and the support and education of carers and patients in east African populations is required to advise future policy.


We propose inference tools to analyse the concordance (or correlation) order of random vectors. The analysis in the bivariate case relies on tests for upper and lower quadrant dominance of the true distribution by a parametric or semiparametric model, i.e. for a parametric or semiparametric model to give a probability that two variables are simultaneously small or large at least as great as it would be were they left unspecified. Tests for its generalisation in higher dimensions, namely joint lower and upper orthant dominance, are also analysed. The parametric and semiparametric settings are based on the copula representation for multivariate distribution, which allows for disentangling behaviour of margins and dependence structure. A distance test and an inter-section-union test for inequality constraints are developed depending on the definition of null and alternative hypotheses. An empirical illustration is given for US insurance claim data.


Abstract This study focused on to examine whether the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in a Peruvian education enterprise impacts on process management of enterprise which in turn enhance the performance of employees. Also, it is analyzed the impact of technology literacy on process management. Empirical data were collected using a survey questionnaire which was distributed to 142 ERP users in a Peruvian education enterprise to test the relationships among variables. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was analyzed the validity of construct and discriminant and, internal consistency by the composite reliability. ERP implementation has a positive impact in the performance of employees. The process management had a mediation effect between ERP implementation and performance. Also, technology literacy had an impact on performance. Outcomes provide further support for the validity of the model in Peru and globally. Thus, business owner/managers can use the model to help improve their options of success. Other stakeholders, investors and institutions that provide them with investment can also benefit from this model. The information also provides information to ERP implementation agents to support small business development. This is the first study reports the mediating effect of business strategy and organizational capabilities on the relationship between ERP implementation and firm performance. The outcomes of this study can be used to evaluate success of the ERP implementation evaluating preliminary the basic level of technology literacy.


Design changes seem to be an inevitable part of engineering, procurement and construction EPC projects. Such changes create a need for a proactive approach to adjusting project scope, cost and time (the triple constraints) for efficiency and effectiveness in overall delivery. This study investigates the causes and implications of design changes in order to improve design change management practices. Data for the study were obtained through online interviews with New Zealand industry practitioners. Thematic analysis was used to collate the results into meaningful data. The study found that design changes were predominantly caused by clients' inadequate strategic planning, insufficient attention to design, EPC contractors' inadequate design ability, and on-site variations. There were three categories of such design changes: direct impact on the project, the reciprocal and complementary effect on stakeholders, and the far-reaching impact on the community. The study concludes by suggesting improvements, such as strengthening the integration of project teams to enhance design quality, strategic alignment of stakeholders at the planning stage, early contractor involvement (ECI) between the planning and design phases, and improving collaboration between design and construction teams. Further, a combination of high technical skills (e.g., design ability) and soft skills (can-do attitude, interpersonal skills, problem-solving skills, documentation skills, etc.) are needed to generate the desired improvement in design change management.


Nurses often struggle with maintaining a healthy lifestyle. While nurses are often assumed to have the knowledge to participate in health-promoting behaviors, this knowledge may not translate into sustainable change in behavior. The purpose of this descriptive study was to compare nurses' health behaviors with residents in the community where the nurses were employed. Participants (N = 166) completed the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile–II survey (HPLP-II) along with a demographic survey. The HPLP-II consists of six dimensions of a health-promoting lifestyle: (a) spiritual growth, (b) health responsibility, (c) physical activity, (d) nutrition, (e) interpersonal relations, and (f) stress management. Both groups scored the highest in spirituality followed by interpersonal relations. However, scores for the other HPLP-II dimensions ranked differently between the two groups. Nurses scored higher in health responsibility while the community participants scored higher on nutrition. Both groups scored the lowest on stress management and physical activity. Significant differences between groups were found only on the health responsibility dimension of the HPLP-II survey with nurses scoring higher. While nurses overall did not do any better than the general population in participating in a healthy lifestyle, patient stakeholders feel strongly that nurses should role model healthy behaviors. Employers need to be better prepared to support nurses to participate in a healthy lifestyle. Success can come from even small incremental changes (e.g., walking groups, team challenges, taking stairs) within the work environment. Furthermore, evidence-based practice teams that include administration, management, and staff are positioned to contribute through education and development of innovative workplace wellness programs.


Rapid technological development significantly changes our everyday life. The fairy tale's magic world of magic mirrors, flying carpets, mysterious powers, moving pictures, and est. becomes reality in the 21st century due to the limitless opportunities offered by digital technologies. Despite the fact that traditional business models are prevailing in contemporary Global Economy, new digital structure of economic performance is gaining speed. Against tough international and domestic competition more and more business translate into practice digital technologies to suggest new products to customers via modern channels of interaction. Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly popular in business operations and among customers. Development of e-commerce entails e-banking progress. Transforming of business and banking model into digital ones requires new changes in the fields of regulation, economic environment, physical infrastructure, customers' awareness and skills, technology and est. Among these factors one can differentiate the one, which is the most important to support all these things to happen smoothly – the development of electronic signature, making reliable and operable business and banking models. Thus, the new digital chain – e-commerce through e-banking and e-signature is one of the most characteristic features of contemporary global economy. The paper discusses the clear correlation between these variables and concludes that simultaneously development of these variables inevitably leads to better positioning of national economies in international competition. National economies have to adjust its policies in the fields of regulations, infrastructure, education and so on to meet the modern requirements raised due to the rapid development and spread of information and communication systems.


Introduction Enuresis is a common childhood problem and can be very stressful for both children and parents. Parental perception plays an important role on the nature of response to the child with enuresis. It has been shown that in different populations, there are several factors that influence parental response to enuresis. Therefore, extrapolation of findings from one population may not be appropriate for formulating treatment plans in another as a result of differences in culture or socioeconomic conditions. This report summarizes parental perceptions and responses to their children with enuresis in Jos Nigeria. Methods This was a cross sectional study with survey of primary school children aged between five and 12 years. A multistage sampling technique was used with administration of questionnaires to parents of the recruited children. Results Parents of 264 children completed and submitted their questionnaires. The children comprised of 111 (42%) males and 153 (58%) females. Enuresis was present in 34 (12.9%). Of the 264 parents 13 (4.9%) considered enuresis to be a medical problem but among the children with enuresis only six (17.6%) parents considered it so. Twenty four (70.6%) parents of the 34 children with enuresis said they were worried about their children's problem but only one (2.9%) sought medical care. Twenty three (67.6%) parents of the enuretic children punished them using different methods. Conclusion Few parents of children with enuresis in this study perceived it a medical problem. Many still use harsh forms of punishments for enuresis control. Keywords: Enuresis, children, parents, perception, response, treatment


This article provides a corrective to the dominant celebratory narrative about the conditional cash transfer programme in the Philippines, the Pantawid, and its associated social registry, the Listahanan. Based on extensive documentary analysis and fieldwork in the Philippines in 2017 and 2018, we argue that the targeting system has in fact been unable to function according to its primary purpose of identifying the poor and providing them social protection, despite being celebrated precisely for this purpose. This has been partly – but not only – due to the increasingly obsolescent data of the registry, which the political system has been incapable of correcting, leading to stasis at a fairly low level of coverage, at a peak of about 19 percent of national households in 2014 and since subsiding to about 17 percent by 2020, with transfer amounts at a fraction of the food poverty line. This dysfunction has resulted in a quasi-permanent group of cash payment recipients, with little or no reflection of evolving poverty profiles. This revised reading of the Pantawid and Listahanan, in what might be considered as a strong case to examine social protection performance, brings us back to the perennial problems associated with poverty targeting in even best-case social protection programmes promoted by international donors and organisations.


The demand for multitasking on graphics processing units (GPUs) is constantly increasing as they have become one of the default components on modern computer systems along with traditional processors (CPUs). Preemptive multitasking on CPUs has been primarily supported through context switching. However, the same preemption strategy incurs substantial overhead due to the large context in GPUs. The overhead comes in two dimensions: a preempting kernel suffers from a long preemption latency, and the system throughput is wasted during the switch. Without precise control over the large preemption overhead, multitasking on GPUs has little use for applications with strict latency requirements. In this paper, we propose Chimera, a collaborative preemption approach that can precisely control the overhead for multitasking on GPUs. Chimera first introduces streaming multiprocessor (SM) flushing, which can instantly preempt an SM by detecting and exploiting idempotent execution. Chimera utilizes flushing collaboratively with two previously proposed preemption techniques for GPUs, namely context switching and draining to minimize throughput overhead while achieving a required preemption latency. Evaluations show that Chimera violates the deadline for only 0.2% of preemption requests when a 15us preemption latency constraint is used. For multi-programmed workloads, Chimera can improve the average normalized turnaround time by 5.5x, and system throughput by 12.2%.


A discrete-time analog echo canceller is described that reduces the echo in the front end of Gigabit Ethernet twisted-pair interfaces. Echo cancellation in the analog domain by means of four taps reduces the complexity of the digital echo canceller and crosstalk cancellers by 50 taps. Designed in a 0.4 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the circuit employs an LMS algorithm to adapt to the cable length and impedance discontinuities, providing an echo suppression of 10 dB. The design operates at 125 MHz while consuming 43 mW from a 3 V supply.


Abstract Linear programming is a widely applicable mathematical operation method. In this paper, two solutions of linear programming and state parameter extraction can be used to simplify the inequality group and transfer the high-dimensional state utility function in football. This can speed up the generation of joint strategies for football teams in the game. This paper uses the free-kick technical football cooperation as an example to conduct an empirical study on the linear programming method of state parameters. In this paper, combined with the traditional motion information modeling method, a free ball path planning based on the linear programming gradient method is established. At the same time, this paper adopts an asymptotic method based on linear programming to solve the trajectory of any football. Finally, an experimental study on the linear programming gradient method for state feature vectorization is carried out. Experiments verify the effectiveness of this method. The mathematical model accurately predicts the linear programming of football training.


Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by pervasive mood disturbance as well as deficits in emotional processing, reactivity, and regulation. There is accumulating evidence that MDD is characterized by emotional patterns consistent with environmental disengagement, as reflected in attenuated positive and negative emotional reactivity, consistent with Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI) theory. However, MDD individuals vary considerably in the extent to which they exhibit specific alterations in patterns of emotional responding. Emotions are complex, multicomponent processes that invoke responses across multiple functional domains and levels of analysis, including subjective experience, behavior, autonomic regulation, cognition, and neural processing. In this article, I review the current state of the literature on emotional responding and MDD from the lens of ECI. I focus on the importance of assessing emotional indices from multiple levels of analysis across development and contexts. I also discuss methodological and measurement issues that may contribute to inconsistent findings. In particular, I emphasize how psychophysiological measures can help elucidate emotional processes that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD as part of an integrated and contextualized approach.


The article is devoted to the formation of universal competences of students in educational institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia using the case-method of teaching. The authors have identified the main synonymous contradictions in the definition of the concept of "universal competence". The main problems that lie in the choice of means and methods of development and the formation of universal competencies of students are highlighted. The subject of the study was determined the process of formation of universal competencies of students. The basic concepts of the competence approach are considered. It shows what universal competences should be formed in the framework of GEF3 ++ by a specialist in the specialty law enforcement. Disclosed the concept of educational technology, as well as the essence of the case-method of teaching. It schematically shows what the technological stages of the case-method of teaching consist of. An example of one of the mini-projects, which is aimed at the formation of universal competencies of students. Table 1 showed the stages of formation of universal competencies among students, and Table 2 showed the formation of universal competencies of students in a class on the basics of special ATS equipment.
As a result of the study, it can be concluded that, in general, the case method allows to improve the educational process, involve students in the process of live communication, instill autonomy for searching, analyzing, extracting and evaluating information, which contributes to the process of developing universal competences of future police officers. In this paper, the following methods were applied: comparative analysis, case-method of teaching.


In this paper, a novel method for image coding based on non-uniform rectangular partition is proposed. A given image can automatically be partitioned into different rectangles with different dimensions and the bivariate polynomial is used to do the Optimal Quadratic Approximation for image grey values in each sub-rectangle. When the approximation error and initial partition form are specified, a specific image partition result is obtained. Based on this algorithm, an effective scheme of information disguise is implemented and some of the experimental examples are illustrated to prove that the quality of the re-constructed image, the speed of the encoding and decoding are all satisfactory and can be referenced by other researchers.


PURPOSE
The stability of 70% alcohol solutions in two diluents stored at 23-25 degrees C over 14 days in two brands of polypropylene syringes was studied.

METHODS
A 70% alcohol solution was aseptically prepared by adding Dehydrated Alcohol Injection, USP, to Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWI), in an evacuated i.v. bag. This process was repeated with Bacteriostatic Water for Injection, USP (BWI). Identical 3-mL samples of each of the two solutions were drawn into 10-and 12-mL syringes (each a different brand) and stored at 23-25 degrees C. The stability of the samples was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography immediately after preparation and at 3, 7, and 14 days.

RESULTS
At least 96% of the initial concentration of alcohol remained throughout the 14-day study period in all syringes. There were no detectable changes in color or volume and no visible evidence of precipitation or microbial growth in any sample.

CONCLUSION
Extemporaneously prepared 70% alcohol solutions in SWI or BWI were stable for at least 14 days at 23-25 degrees C in two brands of polypropylene syringes.


The changes in the absolute values as well as in the temperature dependences of the elastic constants C11, C44, C′, and CL as a function of dissolved hydrogen up to 1.7 at. %, in palladium single crystals have been determined. The measurements were performed in the temperature range between 140 and 310 K, using both longitudinal and shear 10‐MHz ultrasonic waves. In the α phase, the changes in the absolute values of the elastic constants C11, C44, and CL were very small, while a larger effect of −1.2%/ at. % H was obtained in the case of the shear constant C′. The relative changes in the computed bulk modulus and Voight‐Reuss average Young's modulus in that phase are, respectively, +0.2% and −0.5%/ at. % H. The effects of hydrogen in the α phase on the temperature dependences of the elastic constants, however, are found to be significantly large in the case of C11 and CL and small in the case of the shear constants C′ and C44. These effects are discussed in terms of the volume expansion due to H in Pd, th...


This paper gives a new flame detection processing algorithm based on video images by using the threshold and binarization processing to capture the suspicious regions from flame images precisely, and proposes an improved frame-difference method to filter the interference of rapidly moving objects with high brightness. The flame is then detected through using the suspicious region area and circular degree to filter the background interference with fixed high brightness. Based on experiments, it is indicated that this proposed algorithm can filter the background interference effectively and detect the flame accurately.


This study considers the accountability practices implemented in the first schools of commerce to effectively communicate with stakeholders. Specifically, it analyses the initial system of accountability implemented by the first Italian higher school of commerce in the nineteenth century, with a particular focus on the use of cash and accrual methods. The microhistorical analysis draws on accountability and stakeholder theories and uses both primary and secondary information sources to investigate the original, hybrid approach adopted by the school, focusing on its dual accountability system. The results section explains the involvement of the government in establishing and recognising the school as a strategic asset for the entire kingdom, contradicting criticisms present in the extant literature; we also examine the innovative accountability process implemented by the school to satisfy the reporting needs of its salient stakeholders. The school was able to apply its accountability competences to implement a dual system, preserving its priorities as based on the relationships between its stakeholders' needs (the old accountability system), educational skills (teaching the new accountability system) and the wider (national) implications resulting in an improvement of the entire accountability system.


The influence of unbalanced installation of single-phase DG unit with harmonic compensation function in three-phase and three-wire public power grid shows that there will be risk for the unbalanced installation to increase the three-phase current of the power grid. In order to overcome this problem, balanced triple-frequency harmonic function is proposed for the purpose of avoiding the increase in three-phase power grid current. In addition, compared with the traditional method, such method is also capable of reducing the rated power of harmonic current compensation. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed, the balance and unbalanced conditions are verified in experiment and the experimental circuit is a simplified system based on actual three-phase three-wire system. In order to avoid the increase in the harmonic current, a balanced third harmonic suppression method is proposed. Finally, performance of the algorithm proposed has been verified through experiment.


We argue that human economic interactions, particularly bargaining and trading in market environments, can be considered as adaptive behaviors. Moreover, the tools and techniques of adaptive behavior research could be prootably employed to build predictive models of existing or planned market systems. In addition to applications in economic modeling, \trading animats" could nd use in market-based resource-allocation and control, and in internet-based commerce. Despite these potential applications, we note that there is a near-total absence of papers in the adaptive behavior literature (and also in the artiicial life literature) that deal with autonomous agents capable of exhibiting trading behaviors. After a brief overview of core concepts in microeconomics, we summarize work in experimental economics where human trading behavior is studied under laboratory conditions. We propose that such experiments could and should be used as`benchmarks' for evaluating and comparing diierent architectures and strategies for trading animats. This paper is, essentially, a position paper: a manifesto calling the attention of the adaptive behavior research community to an entire eld of problems that it has apparently so far ignored. In a companion paper 18], we present empirical results from simulations that invite a Braitenberg-style eliminative materialism perspective on the dynamics of experimental retail markets. Abstract We argue that human economic interactions, particularly bargaining and tradingin marketenvironments,can be consideredas adap-tive behaviors. Moreover, the tools and techniques of adaptive behavior research could be prootably employed to build predictive models of existing or planned market systems. In addition to applications in economic modeling, \trading animats" could nd use in market-based resource-allocation and control, and in internet-based commerce. Despite these potential applications, we note that there is a near-total absence of papers in the adaptive behavior literature (and also in the artiicial life literature) that deal with autonomous agents capable of exhibiting trading behaviors. After a brief overview of core concepts in microeconomics, we summarize work in experimental economics where human trading behavior is studied under laboratory conditions. We propose that such experiments could and should be used as`benchmarks' for evaluating and comparing diierent architectures and strategies for trading animats. This paper is, essentially, a position paper: a manifesto calling the attention of the adaptive behavior research community to an entire eld of problems that it has apparently so far ignored. In a companion paper 18], we present empirical results from simulations that invite a Braitenberg-style eliminative materialism perspective on the dynamics of experimental retail markets.


Maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality are high in Pakistan and health disparities exist. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey database 2006-07 was performed. There was an excess of 25 neonatal, 34 infant and 41 under-five deaths per 1000 live births in the poorest quintile of wealth index compared with the richest. Women in the richest quintile had a 35%, 38% and 20% higher probability of getting prenatal care, delivery by skilled provider and emergency obstetric care, respectively. Pakistan needs to enhance social equity so development benefits can accrue to the underprivileged by introducing social protection interventions so that those in the informal sector are not excluded from accessing health care, scaling-up poverty reduction strategies and promoting intersectoral action. This study assesses the independent impact of wealth status, as determined by a validated index, on health outcomes in Pakistan.


Changes in the affinity of the interaction between T cell Ag receptors and their ligands can modulate selected T cell effector functions. Since both allergen-specific Th2 and Th0 cells are present in the peripheral CD4+ T cell pool of atopic individuals, the potential to inhibit cytokine production by Th2 cells and promote Th1-type cytokines from Th0 cells may contribute to the down-regulation of allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of peptide analogues of a dominant T cell epitope of the group II allergen derived from house dust mite, residues 28 to 40, on proliferation and cytokine production by human Th2 and Th0 cells. From both functional competition and proliferation assays, using analogues substituted with alanine or charged amino acids, the influence of different positions in p28-40 on TCR recognition and/or MHC class II binding was determined. For the specific Th0 cells, generally those analogues that lead to a reduction in proliferation also decreased both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production. However, the p28-40 analogues with alanine residues at positions 34 and 36 altered the IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio by selectively enhancing IFN-gamma secretion. In the case of Th2 cells, stimulation with the peptide analogues induced different patterns of effector function. Selected analogues were capable of inducing IL-4 production in the absence of proliferation, whereas in response to other peptide variants of p28-40, both IL-4 production and proliferation were inhibited.


This paper assesses empirically the links among a country`s institutions and political environment, its implementation of IMF-supported programs, and macroeconomic performance in a sample of 197 programs approved between 1992 and 2002. We find that a stronger institutional and political environment is associated with better macroeconomic outcomes, especially at longer time horizons. This direct beneficial effect of institutions on macroeconomic outcomes is in addition to their indirect effect through better program implementation. We also find that program implementation exerts an independent influence on macroeconomic outcomes, especially over shorter time horizons of up to two years. Better-implemented programs are associated with lower inflation and with initially weaker but ultimately stronger external and fiscal outcomes, but with a statistically insignificant impact on economic growth.


In the mid to late 1950s, Italians experienced an improvement in quality of life thanks to an economic boom. During these years, advertising presented not only consumer goods, but also the convictions of the producers, who were buying visibility in an attempt to generate adequate revenue for their economic efforts. The country, however, had to shoulder the considerable economic gap between the prosperous North and the relatively undeveloped Southern regions. A comparative analysis of all the advertisements published during the first semester of 1958 and 1959 in two regional newspapers, Il Resto del Carlino (Bologna) and La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno (Bari), reveals, in terms of number, size and distribution, some of the economic dynamics affecting the two areas. Because it is impossible to reveal the underlying decision-making process of the companies placing the ads without an examination of economic reports and the minutes of board meetings of the companies, the research emphasis is instead on rates of investment in print advertising in the two newspapers. Future studies of sample periods before and after the Italian boom years might provide for a better diachronic analysis.


Background: The benefits of short-term cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for improving fitness are well known, but the effects of long-term maintenance-phase CR are less well established. Moreover, changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength with long-term CR have never been examined specifically in females, a population that is under-researched and under-represented in cardiovascular research. The objective of this retrospective pilot study was to estimate changes in CRF and muscle strength in females enrolled in a long-term CR program. Methods: Data from 39 females (mean ± standard deviation age 65 ± 9 years) enrolled for at least 1 year in a maintenance-phase CR program were analyzed. The program consisted of aerobic and resistance training, and data were collected annually for CRF (peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak, mL/kg/min]) and skeletal muscle strength (one-repetition maximum tests for chest press, seated row, and knee extension, kg). Mixed-model analyses were used to determine changes in CRF over the 5-year follow-up (203 observations) and muscle strength over 6 years (108 observations). Results: The CRF increased in females by 1.8%/year over 5 years of CR enrollment, and muscle strength increased by 0.6%–2.1%/year over 6 years. These findings are in contrast to the expected age-related declines in fitness over time. Conclusion: The positive long-term benefits on CRF and muscle strength in females provide initial preliminary support for maintenance-based CR, especially given that this population is commonly under-researched and under-represented in the CR literature.


This paper provides an experience report on the use of aspect-oriented technology as a means to modularize the implementation of business rules in an object-oriented, large scale case study. The goal of this refactoring of the system was to provide a proof-of-concept implementation of how such an aspect-oriented solution can improve the modularity and the extensibility of the business rule implementation. This paper focusses on the approach taken in refactoring the system and the difficulties of integrating the aspect solution into the build process.


Bio-formation and biodistribution of mercury selenide (HgSe) nanoparticles (NPs), as the ultimate metabolic product in the Hg detoxification pathway, is an important environmental and toxicological issue not well understood nowadays. In this work, we revealed for the first time the cellular uptake and accumulation of HgSe NPs in one embryonic and one tumour human cell line (HEK 293 and HeLa). For this purpose, HgSe NP standards were synthesized, well characterized and surface-engineered to endow them with stability in aqueous and cellular culture media. The native fluorescence emission of the HgSe NPs enabled the assessment of their cellular distribution and constituted the starting point of a pioneering comparative study of the cytotoxicity of HgSe NPs and that induced by the widely studied inorganic mercury(II) and methylmercury in the two human cell lines. The three Hg species investigated significantly differed in their degree of toxicity. While HgSe NPs did not induce a significant effect in cell viability, even at relatively high Hg concentrations; lower exposure levels of Hg2+ and MeHg+ alone, and even in the presence of other Se species (selenite), caused acute cytotoxicity. A negligible release of Hg2+ from the NP surface was observed under the incubation conditions used. Cellular uptake of HgSe NPs and Hg2+ and MeHg+ compounds was quantified also by ICP-MS. Results indicated that Hg incorporation when cells were exposed to the same Hg concentration added as nanoparticles (41%) and MeHg+ (36%) is quite similar, instead of the decrease observed for Hg2+ uptake (8%). Therefore, the null cell cytotoxicity effect observed for HgSe NPs cannot be ascribed to a lower Hg internalization in the cells.


See article on page235

Fifteen years ago it was believed that motility studies would become to functional symptoms what endoscopy was (and still is) to ulcers, gallstones and cancer. Today, the ratio of endoscopic examinations to motility studies in most district general hospitals remains hundreds to one. There is no shortage of patients (about half the new referrals to gastroenterology outpatients are for functional symptoms), just no tests with which to make a positive diagnosis. The study by Wilmer et al from Leuven in Belgium illustrates why the early expectations of motility studies have not been realised (see page 235).

The starting point for the study was the belief that disturbed upper gut motility is responsible for functional dyspeptic symptoms. Others have shown that dyspeptic patients have abnormal motility.1 This study hoped to go one step further and link symptoms with specific patterns of dysmotility by using prolonged ambulatory motility studies. The logical extension of finding such a link is that the test would …


In marine mammals, the aortic arch is enlarged relative to the descending aorta to varying degrees in different species. The ratio of maximal diameter of the arch to that of the thoracic aorta is about 2.3 in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), 3.6 in the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) and 3.2 in the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), compared with only 1.4 in the dog. This anatomical specialisation probably provides increased volume capacitance in the arterial circulation as an adaptation to diving bradycardia. Data on the morphometric and mechanical properties of aortic tissues from seals and fin whale are compared. In the harbour seal, more than 80% of the volume change in the entire thoracic aorta that results from a pressure pulse occurs in the bulbous arch, and this is more than 90% in the Weddell seal and fin whale. The enhanced capacitance of the arch in the harbour seal is primarily due to its larger diameter, as the relative wall thickness and elasticity of the arch and thoracic aorta are the same. A similar situation appears to exist in the larger Weddell seal, although extrapolation of the pressure-volume curves suggests that the arch might be somewhat less stiff than the thoracic aorta. In addition to being greatly expanded, the aortic arch of the fin whale is also much more distensible than the relatively thin-walled and much stiffer descending aorta. At the estimated mean blood pressure, the elastic modulus of this vessel is 12 MPa, or 30 times that of the aortic arch. The major haemodynamic consequence of this type of arterial modification is that the aortic arch acts as a Windkessel, i.e. the capacitance of the aorta is increased significantly close to the heart, leading to a reduced characteristic impedance and probably reduced pulsatility in the descending aorta. In the extreme case of the whale, the arterial capacitance is shifted entirely to the arch, and the impedance change at the entrance to the thoracic aorta is so high that this probably represents the major reflection site in the arterial tree.


This thesis uses panel data on six countries over the period 1965-2010 to estimate the effects of international trade and changes in production on the labour share of income in small high-income economies in the EU. Estimations are done using data on the whole period as well as two split samples covering the years 1965-1985 and 1986-2010. The results give evidence that international trade has had a negative impact on the labour share. Technological progress is suggested to have had a negative impact on the labour share for the full sample. This forms evidence for technological progress to have been capital-augmenting.


The flood barrier includes a chamber with a first side wall and a second side wall, a water inlet for letting in water, a single support block arranged on the first side wall, and a dam wall up and down movably arranged in the chamber. The dam wall forms a retaining wall for restraining water flow, a forcing element for causing an upward movement of the dam wall, and a blocking element for providing a blockade for limiting the upward movement, the blocking element. The support block has an inclined surface against which the inclined surface of the blocking element acts in a closed state of the flood barrier. Due to the orientation of the angled wall of the support block, the blocking element is forced to move sideward and thereby a lateral force is created forcing the dam wall to one side of the chamber.


Human medial parietal cortex (MPC) is recruited during multiple cognitive processes. Previously, we demonstrated regions specific to recall of people or places and proposed that the functional organization of MPC mirrors the category selectivity defining the medial-lateral axis of ventral temporal cortex (VTC). However, prior work considered recall of people and places only and VTC also shows object-selectivity sandwiched between face- and scene-selective regions. Here, we tested a strong prediction of our proposal: like VTC, MPC should show a region specifically recruited during object recall, and its relative cortical position should mirror the one of VTC. While responses during people and place recall showed a striking replication of prior findings, we did not observe any evidence for object-recall effects within MPC, which differentiates it from the spatial organization in VTC. Importantly, beyond MPC, robust recall-effects were observed for people, places, and objects on the lateral surface of the brain. Place-recall effects were present in the angular gyrus, frontal eye fields and peripheral portions of early visual cortex, whereas people-recall selectively drove response in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus. Object-recall effects were largely restricted to a region posterior to left somatosensory cortex, in the vicinity of the supramarginal gyrus. Taken together, these data demonstrate that while there are distributed regions active during recall of people, places and objects, the functional organization of MPC does not mirror the medial-lateral axis of VTC but reflects only the most salient features of that axis - namely representations of people and places. Significance statement Human medial parietal cortex (MPC) is recruited during multiple cognitive. Recently, we proposed a framework for interpreting the functional organization of MPC by suggesting that it reflects the categorical preferences for people and places that is evident also in ventral temporal cortex (VTC). Because VTC also exhibits selectivity for objects, we here extend this framework to test whether MPC also shows object selectivity during recall. Robust people and place recall effects were evident in MPC, but we found no evidence for object-recall within MPC, suggesting that MPC and VTC are not mirror-copies of each other. Together, these data suggest that the functional organization of MPC reflects the most salient categorical representations within VTC for people and places.


Research qualitative deskripstif aims to understand skim students in determining roots of quadratic equations (QE). This Information is important for teachers to used as the basis of learning including in providing aid to students who do not be able to determining roots of QE. Subject in this research are 5 students class VIII junior high school and three students class XI senior high school. The result of this research shows that there are 4 skims who appeared in determining roots QE, namely skim pemfaktoran, skim manipulasi aljabar, skim rumus abc, and skim penyederhanaan dengan pembagian. The process of assimilating and accommodation are different. Inability to faced technical obstacles in use of a skim impact at an election the use of skim other.


Management development programmes often do not capture senior managers and executives as attendees, leading to a developmental gap among organizational leaders. Even when the need is obvious, training and development managers can seldom require executive attendance. Issues of status, time, perceived importance, and other barriers often leave top management outside the developmental loop. Addresses an ongoing, university/corporate partnership which provides targeted development opportunities for top management in a way which bypasses many typical barriers and partially closes the senior‐management development gap.


AA Tau is a well-studied, nearby classical T Tauri star, which is viewed almost edge-on. A warp in its inner disk periodically eclipses the central star, causing a clear modulation of its optical light curve. The system underwent a major dimming event beginning in 2011 caused by an extra absorber, which is most likely associated with additional disk material in the line of sight toward the central source. We present new XMM-Newton X-ray, Hubble Space Telescope FUV, and ground based optical and near-infrared data of the system obtained in 2013 during the long-lasting dim phase. The line width decrease of the fluorescent H$_2$ disk emission shows that the extra absorber is located at $r>1\,$au. Comparison of X-ray absorption ($N_H$) with dust extinction ($A_V$), as derived from measurements obtained one inner disk orbit (eight days) after the X-ray measurement, indicates that the gas-to-dust ratio as probed by the $N_H$ to $A_V$ ratio of the extra absorber is compatible with the ISM ratio. Combining both results suggests that the extra absorber, i.e., material at $r>1\,$au, has no significant gas excess in contrast to the elevated gas-to-dust ratio previously derived for material in the inner region ($\lesssim0.1\,$au).


One of the means of meeting the water needs in the areas of scarcity is the reuse of greywater generated at the household level. This is water that comes out of the kitchen, bathtubs, washing machines and dishes. The water that coming out of the toilets is black water. This study aims to evaluate the potential of greywater availability in Irbid Area in the north of Jordan, by testing and comparing between greywater quality before and after household level treatment using a vertical multi-layer filter of sand and gravel then, reuse it for home gardens. Total greywater generation from different household sources were measured by water meters in five selected household during summer and winter. The physical, chemical and biological analysis of the samples revealed that greywater contains significant levels of suspended solid, chemical &biochemical oxygen demands, and inorganic compounds. Statistical analysis results indicated that there is a various removal percentage of the above parameters. Experimental results indicate that the percentage removal of BOD5 is 37.5%, the percentage removal of COD is 10%, the percentage removal of TDS is 68%, and a small decrease in pH value about 5%. The generation rates of greywater are mostly influenced by lifestyle and climatic conditions. Contaminants found in greywater are largely associated with the type of detergent used and influenced by other household practices. It is recommended to apply the Restricted irrigation that means irrigation of all types of crops with treated greywater except vegetables and plants including edible parts that can get in direct contact with irrigation water wither these parts are eaten raw or cooked.


The majority of poor people live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Agriculture is one important tool for rural development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Contract farming has been widely used in agribusiness and has potential to contribute to the development process in rural areas. This paper examines the main features of contract farming in SSA and analyse the consequences of it for rural livelihoods and development.
By using a number of case studies from countries in SSA, the main characteristics of contract farming are outlined. Many common features are found, but there are also many variations among different contract schemes. The analysis shows that contract farming contributes to an increased access and accumulation of capital assets. There are major gains to be made in social, human, physical and financial capital which can increase farmers' opportunities to pursue their desirable rural livelihood strategies. But there are also several risks faced by small-scale farmers involved in contract schemes which limit the positive impact of contract farming. Contracting farming per se can contribute to the building of rural livelihoods and rural development; however it is not a universal solution for poor smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa. But with a strong legal framework protecting both farmers and firms and the implementation of policies facilitating for all parties, contract farming has the potential to contribute to rural development while mitigating the risks for farmers.


Overfitting is a problem often encountered when developing multivariate predictive models with limited data. The objective of this work is to present a method to generate a synthetic population (SP) from a sparse seed dataset that has a similar multivariate structure to aid in model building. We used a multivariate kernel density estimation approach with an unconstrained bandwidth to generate SPs with data at the individual level. A matched case-control study (n=180 pairs) was used as the seed dataset. Cases and controls were considered as two subpopulations and analyzed separately. We included four continuous measures and one categorical variable for each subject. Bandwidth matrices were determined with differential evolution (DE) optimization based on covariance comparisons. Similarity between the seed dataset with datasets selected randomly from SPs were compared under the hypothesis that the structure should be similar. To evaluate similarity, we compared PCA score distributions and residuals summarized with the distance to the model in X-space (DModX). SPs were generated for both case and control groups. The probability of selecting seed replicas when constructing synthetic sample datasets randomly was minute. Within group, both PCA scores and residuals were similar across seed and synthetic samples; covariance comparisons also indicated the structure was similar. Feasibility of a new SP generation methodology was presented. This approach produced synthetic data at the patient level indistinguishable from the seed data. The methodology coupled kernel density estimation with DE optimization and deployed novel similarity metrics derived from PCA. The use of synthetic samples may be useful to mitigate overfitting in initial model building exercises. To further develop this approach into a research tool for model building, additional evaluation with increased dimensionality is required.


Background This paper is part of a project to identify the proportion of the burden of each mental disorder averted by current and optimal interventions, and the cost-effectiveness of both. Aims To use epidemiological data on schizophrenia to model the cost-effectiveness of current and optimal treatment. Method Calculate the burden of schizophrenia in the years lived with disability (YLD) component of disability-adjusted life-years lost, the proportion averted by current interventions, the proportion that could be averted by optimal treatment and the cost-effectiveness of both. Results Current interventions avert some 13% of the burden, whereas 22% could be averted by optimal treatment. Current interventions cost about AUS$200 000 per YLD averted, whereas optimal treatment at a similar cost could increase the number of YLDs averted by two-thirds. Even so, the majority of the burden of schizophrenia remains unavertable. Conclusions Optimal treatment is affordable within the present budget and should be implemented.


Following an intravenous injection of a fluorescent dye, primuline, into neonatal rats, the distribution of ameboid cells and their fate in the central nervous system were examined under incident fluorescence, light and electron microscopes. In the ameboid cells labeled with primuline, the ingested fluorogen spread throughout the cytoplasm, in which it appeared as a whitish yellow fluorescence. Such labeled cells displayed increased acid phosphatase (ACPase) activity. Combining primuline labeling with the ACPase reaction allowed for the identification of ameboid cells even after the transformation mentioned below. Ameboid cells were distributed throughout the white matter in neonatal rats, but were few in the gray matter. Particularly, they appeared as cell clusters in the corona radiata of the corpus callosum, the subependymal layer surrounding the ventricles, the fornical commissure, the internal and external capsules, the cerebellar peduncles and the medulla. Around 8 to 14 days after birth, the ameboid cells which had so far appeared spherical became gradually elongated with a few branched cytoplasmic processes, and scattered in the white matter. Thereafter, most primuline labeled cells transformed into cells with a dark nucleus and a thin cytoplasm including small phagosomes, i.e., into cells with features of microglia. However, a small number of ameboid cells underwent degeneration. The data indicate that the ameboid cells observed in the white matter during the postnatal period transform into microglia. Since other investigations suggest that the ameboid cells are derived from blood monocytes, microglia could initially come from monocytes.


Lane coloration has become popular in real time vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). The main emphasis of this paper is to find the further ways which can be used further to improve the result of lane detection algorithms. Noise, visibility etc. can reduce the performance or the existing lane detection algorithms. The methods developed so far are working efficiently and giving good results in case when noise is not present in the images. But problem is that they fail or not give efficient results when there is any kind of noise or fog in the road images. The noise can be anything like dust, shadows, puddles, oil stains, tire skid marks, etc. So the overall goal of this paper is to evaluate the gaps in existing literature and suitable solution for the same.


The ten essays in this volume explore the vast diversity of religions in the United States, from Judaic, Catholic, and African American to Asian, Muslim, and Native American traditions. Chapters on religion and the South, religion and gender, indigenous sectarian religious movements, and the metaphysical tradition round out the collection. The contributors examine the past, present, and future of American religion, first orienting readers to historiographic trends and traditions of interpretation in each area, then providing case studies to show their vision of how these areas should be developed. Full of provocative insights into the complexity of American religion, this volume helps us better understand America's religious history and its future challenges and directions.


If police are perceived as legitimate, communities are more likely to assist in the fight against crime making policework easier and resources go further. The problem is, members of a diverse community may view the police in different ways making it difficult for police to be everything to everyone. This study reveals two strands of emerging vulnerability in relation to law and order in a rapidly urbanising area, affecting perceptions of police legitimacy for both groups. The study also demonstrated the relationship between global processes and local issues. The chapter draws on data from a larger study which explored the legitimacy of Victoria Police in the Monash Local Government Area in Melbourne, Australia. Community perceptions of the police were collected during 6 focus groups and 18 interviews. For the past decade, Monash had experienced declining results in the government's quarterly policing survey in areas that assessed police legitimacy. This research utilised qualitative methods to gather detailed community opinions, in contrast to the quantitative government survey. The chapter focusses on the key finding that there had been many changes in Monash during the preceding decade, including intense urbanisation and increased ethnic diversity. However, police services had not been correspondingly increased or diversified and were not thought adequate to respond to current demands. As a result, community members felt vulnerable and this influenced community perceptions of Victoria Police. Rapid urbanisation has implications for police legitimacy. It is important that police services and infrastructure are not neglected during periods of urban change in order to mitigate feelings of vulnerability in different communities.


Broadly distributed species often exhibit genetic structure caused by habitat preferences or social structure. Here we examine regional and local genetic structure in Pacific short-finned pilot whales using a combination of mtDNA haplotypes and SNP genotypes of samples from the Mariana Islands, Hawaiian Islands and the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP). Preliminary analyses indicate a lack of maleor female-mediated gene flow between these three regions, and suggest a greater degree of population structure within island associated populations than pelagic populations. Within the Mariana Islands, mitochondrial differentiation was found between Saipan and Guam/Rota, but no nuclear differentiation was found between any region, suggesting that gene flow is driven by males of the species. High relatedness within social groups suggests the possibility of socially-mediated population structure, which will be a topic of future research and analysis. Introduction Ocean basins have few barriers to distribution, and indeed many marine vertebrates have migration routes that cover entire basins over the course of a year. Most odontocetes, however, exhibit genetic structure due to localized habitat use throughout the range of their distribution. In the case of an apparent lack of physical barriers, cryptic genetic structure is often driven by less obvious mechanisms, such as environmental preferences (e.g., sea surface temperature (SST), thermocline depth), dietary specialization, or social structure. Moreover, different habitats, such as coastal or island-associated and pelagic marine habitats, can facilitate different patterns of genetic structure within and among populations of the same species. Short-finned pilot whales are distributed throughout the Pacific Ocean in tropical and temperate waters. Although they are most often observed along shelf breaks, over depths of 1500 m, they are known to occupy pelagic waters in areas such as the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) (Baird et al. 2013; Hamilton et al. 2009). Two morphologically and genetically distinct types have been described, with spatio-temporally non-overlapping distributions (Kasuya et al. 1988; Oremus et al. 2009, Van Cise et al. in review). Mitogenomic data indicate that a third genetically distinct clade overlaps the distributions of the first two (Morin et al. 2015), although there are no morphological data to support or refute this hypothesis. The Naisa type shortSubmitted in Support of the U.S. Navy's 2015 Annual Marine Species Monitoring Report for the Pacific


The paper presents the results of investigations on the hygienic standardization of the levels of selenium hexafluoride (SeF6) in the air of a working area. It also analyzes the data on the effects of SeF6 inhalation on laboratory animals, by applying morphological, physiological, hematological, and biochemical studies. The studies have yielded the basic parameters of inhalation toxicity and established the threshold of the irritant action of the substance, developed and approved its maximally acceptable concentration (0.2 mg/m3, gas + vapors) and a procedure for photometric determination of SeF6 in the air of a working area.


Background: Stroke patients often experience functional ambulation difficulties and lack ability to walk independently due to the reduction cardiorespiratory fitness so that an understanding of the relationship between fitness levels cardiorespiratory with functional mobility ability is needed, especially for thrombotic infarction stroke patients.. Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness levels with functional mobility ability in the first three months after thrombotic infarction stroke. Method: Subjects are 38 post trombotic infarction stroke. Functional mobility is measured by the Timed Up and Go test. Subjects were asked to stand up from a chair whose seat is ± 46cm and the height of its back is 65cm, walk as far as 3 m, turn 1800, walk back and sit back. Data were analyzed and performed statistical test using SPSS 17. Results: The study showed the average TUG test was 15.56-7.79 seconds with the longest travel time was 37.38 seconds and the fastest travel time was 8.16 seconds. The average of VO 2max was 10.62 ± 2.31mL / kg / min, with the lowest VO 2max yield of 5.78mL / kg / min and the highest was 14.54mL / kg / minute. The TUG test had a negative correlation with VO 2max the 6 minute walk test result. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness level and functional mobility abilities in post thrombotic infarction stroke patient.


Mangrove ecosystems are found globally along tropical and subtropical coastlines. They exhibit a steep environmental gradient between inland and marine systems, providing a unique, selective environment that shapes local morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. In the first global assessment of terrestrial vertebrate species that are restricted to mangrove ecosystems, we found 48 bird, 14 reptile, 1 amphibian, and 6 mammal species endemic to mangroves, the majority of which are found in Asia and Australia. We also found that more than 40% of assessed mangrove-endemic vertebrates are globally threatened. Clearly, additional research is needed to better understand mangrove-endemic vertebrates in order to conserve them. Future research should focus on global inventories, intercontinental comparative work, and the ecology of mangrove-endemic vertebrates.


BACKGROUND
There is a need for evaluation of new G protection equipment.

HYPOTHESIS
There is no difference between the two anti-G ensembles on affecting subjects' ability to tolerate multiple simulated aerial combat sorties.

METHODS
There were 15 subjects wearing the standard CSU-13 B/P anti-G ensemble (STD) or COMBAT EDGE/ATAGS (CE/ATAGS) ensemble who were exposed to 3 centrifuge-based simulated air combat sorties during a 2-h period. Each sortie consisted of four different G-profiles: 1) a gradual onset profile; 2) simulated air combat maneuver consisting of +4.5 to +7 Gz plateaus (4.5-7 SACM); 3) simulated air combat maneuver derived from actual fighter maneuvers with peaks up to +9 Gz (TACM); 4) simulated air combat maneuver consisting of +5.0 to +9.0 Gz plateaus (5-9 SACM). Each sortie was separated by a 20-min rest period. We measured heart rate, peripheral light loss (PLL), subjective effort level, subjective fatigue level, and reported recovery time.

RESULTS
There were no incidents of unintended G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) with CE/ATAGS. There were four incidents of unintended G-LOC with STD. At the end of the third sortie, with CE/ATAGS, mean heart rate was lower during the 4.5-7 SACM (p < 0.001) and the TACM (p < 0.001); PLL was less during all three rapid onset profiles (p < 0.01); subjects reported less effort during the 4.5-7 SACM (p < 0.001), the TACM and the 5-9 SACM (p < 0.01); reported fatigue was significantly lower (p < 0.001); and reported recovery times were nearly halved (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
CE/ATAGS provided significantly greater G-protection than the standard anti-G ensemble. There was no G-LOC with CE/ATAGS. This greater protection should be of significant operational value in enhancing sortie generation capability by increasing fighter aircrew G-tolerance and decreasing aircrew fatigue.


The intense commodification, commercialisation, mediatisation, globalisation, and digitalisation of sport in the past three decades have resulted in sporting organisations and governing bodies becoming inextricably tied to the global media industry and corporate economy. A result of this mediatisation, coupled with technological advancement, has been the introduction of decision-aid technologies in sport. Existing literature on decision-aid technologies has generally focused on the technologies themselves. Here, we focus on decision-aid technology use and its impact on event experience. This article examines fan attitudes towards the use of the Television Match Official (TMO) in rugby union in relation to the event experience. We present data from a global online questionnaire (n = 194) and 11 semi-structured interviews with fans, representatives from rugby's governing bodies, two TMOs, and a television producer. Data show an inconsistency in how TMO decisions are relayed to match crowds, which had an impact on events experience. The data also reveal how heavily reliant the TMO system is on broadcasters. Fans were generally in favour of TMO use, but they did want to be better informed when it came to TMO referrals and decisions. Indeed, fans said improvements to TMO decision delivery in stadia, specifically having audio of referee/TMO discussions/decisions relayed over the stadium PA system and/or captions providing explanations and decisions on TMO referrals, would mostly improve their event experience.


Infection with chronic viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus-1 and hepatitis C virus significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. CD4 T cells number and function are critical in determining the outcome of chronic viral infections in both mice and humans, but little is known about the signals that promote their survival or helper functions in this highly immunosuppressive environment. Here we showed that exclusive ablation of the common interleukin-6 family co-receptor, gp130 in T cells profoundly compromised the numbers of virus-specific CD4 T cells, their differentiation into T follicular helper cells and IL-21 production at late (but not early) stages of a chronic murine viral infection. This was accompanied by a marked reduction in both virus-specific CD8 T cells and antibodies and a severe failure to control the virus. Notably, cell-intrinsic signaling by the IL-6 family cytokine IL-27 was necessary for CD4 T cell survival while IL-6 was required for optimal T follicular helper cell differentiation. Contrastingly IL-6 and IL-27 were both capable of inducing IL-21 production by virus specific CD4 T cells, but neither was essential in vivo. Our data situates direct gp130 signaling in CD4 T cells at the center of antibody and CD8 T cell mediated immune responses during an established chronic viral infection, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target against such infections.


Preventing failure due to corrosion poses a challenge to the oil and gas industry. A cost-effective way to prevent such failures is the application of corrosion-resistant nickel-based weld overlays using arc welding processes. Previous research performed at The Ohio State University indicates low heat input GMAW processes, such as cold metal transfer (CMT), produce weld overlays which corrode up to ten times slower than overlays produced with cold wire GTAW [1, 2], with up to ten times higher deposition rates [3]. However, formation of lack of fusion and lack of penetration defects has been a major concern related to the widespread application of low heat input GMAW processes in the industry. In this study, optimal windows of CMT welding parameters for producing defect-free welds were established using a design of experiment approach. CMT weld overlays were compared with hot wire (HW)-GTAW overlays currently used in industry with respect to bead characteristics, microstructure, and process capability. As compared with the HW-GTAW process, the CMT process produced weld overlays with up to four times lower dilution, seven times smaller interdendritic arm spacing, and four times higher deposition rates. Additionally, average heat affected zone and fusion boundary hardness values in the CMT overlays were below 248 HV0.1 and may not require the post weld heat treatment specified by NACE MR0175.


This study aims to clarify the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of users with mental illness of home visit nursing services. We sent a questionnaire to 1,740 home visit nursing station managers, 374 (21.5%) of whom responded. The total number of valid responses was 328, which amounted to 87.7% of the returned surveys. In total, 103 (31.4%) stations reported that their users' mental health deteriorated owing to the spread of COVID-19. Eighty-nine (86.4%) stations reported that their users' anxiety increased. More than 80% of the stations explained infection control measures to their users, but 194 (59.1%) stations answered that their users found it challenging to practice cleanliness. A total of 207 (63.1%) stations answered that the promotion of strategies for coping with stress is necessary for their users. Users with mental illness are vulnerable to stress and have a higher risk of death due to COVID-19. Thus, they should be carefully observed and referred to facilities if required. Home visit nursing staff have an important role to play in the preservation of the well-being of their users with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.


This trial assessed the efficacy and safety of meropenem versus ceftazidime as empirical monotherapy for febrile neutropenia in paediatric cancer patients. In a prospective randomized study, 172 evaluable febrile episodes in the meropenem arm and 170 episodes in the ceftazidime arm were analysed for the clinical and microbiological response dependent on the kind of infection. About half the episodes were classified as fever of unknown origin (FUO) and the remainder as microbiologically or clinically documented infections. The most frequently documented infections in both arms were bacteraemias (22.1 versus 26.5%), predominantly caused by Gram-positive organisms (57.9 versus 71.1%). The success rate of the initial monotherapy differed significantly between the two arms and was 55.8% in the meropenem and 40.0% in the ceftazidime arm (P = 0.003). In addition, a significantly longer duration of fever and of antimicrobial therapy was observed in the ceftazidime arm than in the meropenem arm (median 5 versus 4 days, P = 0.022, and 7 versus 6 days, P = 0.009, respectively). With respect to the kind of infection, differences between the two arms were significant only in episodes classified as FUO but not in documented infections. In both arms, side effects were minimal. Despite the greater response rate for meropenem in FUO, the fact that ceftazidime has been proven to be as effective as meropenem in documented infections in the present study suggests that both drugs are useful as empirical monotherapy in febrile paediatric cancer patients.


RNA and protein synthesis of dyskeratotic cells in Darier's disease was studied by autoradiography after in vitro incubation with 3H-uridine, 3H-leucine and 3H-histidine. These three isotopes were incorporated in cells constituting the basis and wall of the lacuna, while they did not accumulate in isolated acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells in the lacuna, corps ronds and grains.


The customer satisfaction for textile sector carries great importance like the customer satisfaction for other sectors carry. Especially, if it is considered that gaining new customers create four times more costs than protecting existing customers from leaving, it can be seen that the customer satisfaction plays a great role for the firms. In this study the affecting independent variables of customer satisfaction are chosen as brand image, perceived service quality and perceived product quality. By these independent variables, it is investigated that if any differences exist in perception of customer satisfaction according to the Turkish textile consumers in the view of gender. In data analysis of this research the SPSS program is used. Keywords—Customer satisfaction, textile industry, brand image, service quality, product quality, gender.


Today's rapidly evolving positioning location technology can be possible to determine the geographical position of mobile phone. This is related to many new services of the next revolution mobile communication system. It is important to find out what location technology is suitable for operating on GSM network. However a success of service must concern with the lowest possible cost and minimal impact on the network infrastructure and subscriber equipment because GSM system were not originally designed for positioning. Thus we present to study of the E-OTD location technology for improving accuracy and service stability.


Besides the basic function to route cells an ATM switch has to make provision for several higher layer functions such as call control and switch management. Call control functions such as call handling and call admission control are usually performed in software on a more or less dedicated switch-CPU. For the future, even more additional functionalities in the area of network management, open switching and mobility management for wireless ATM networks can be expected. This paper presents a switch control software architecture which provides the basic switch functionality as well as a means for integrating new services. This software will be implemented on the Philips distributed ATM switch which has been developed at the Philips Research Laboratories, Aachen.


Mature thymic regulatory T cells (Tregs) are defined by dual expression of Foxp3 and CD25 on CD4SP thymocytes. However, the cellular pathways by which CD4 thymocytes differentiate into Tregs remain incompletely understood. Previous reports demonstrated that Treg development occurred via a two-step process. In step one, strong TCR signaling induces expression of CD25 leading to a CD25+ Foxp3− Treg progenitor (TRP). In step two, exposure of this TRP to IL2 results in conversion to a CD25+Foxp3+ Treg. Work from the Singer lab has defined a CD25−Foxp3lo TRP that can also be converted by IL2 into CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs. A key question is why two distinct cellular pathways involving distinct TRP populations are needed to reach the same endpoint. Using a combination of maturation marker analysis and RAG2-GFP reporter mice we observed that CD25+Foxp3− TRP arise more rapidly than the CD25−Foxp3lo TRP following positive selection. Analysis of Nur77-GFP reporter mice revealed that these two progenitor populations also display distinct affinity spectrums for self-peptide. Further, TCR sequencing has provided evidence that these 2 progenitor populations contain largely distinct TCR repertoires. Further, we have observed differential dependence on NFκB signaling and the Foxp3 regulatory element Cns3 between the 2 progenitor populations. Our preliminary data suggests that these TRPs mediate tolerance in distinct autoimmune contexts. Our results suggest a model whereby cells are driven by high affinity or high avidity interactions with self-peptide through two discrete pathways to form a comprehensive Treg repertoire capable of protecting against sterile and musical autoimmunity.


This paper proposes a method for analysis of spectral characteristics on multilayer interconnection. With CMOS technology's downscaling, interconnect layers are multi-stratified since the number of metal levels has increased. However, this multilayer interconnection affects sensitivity of CMOS image sensors. To evaluate the effect on the multilayer interconnect of standard CMOS process technologies, we have developed a method for calculating transferred light intensity through the multilayer interconnect. We show the calculation results in case of standard CMOS 65 nm, 90 nm, 0.18 mum, 0.35 mum, 0.6 mum, and 1.2 mum process technologies.


The origin of Reed-Sternberg cell is still unresolved. It is known that in the cultures of mononuclear blood cells stimulated by pokeweed mitogen, Reed-Sternberg like cells occur. Most of these cells have the phenotype of T lymphocytes. To investigate the fusion theory, as one of the possibilities for the origin of Reed-Sternberg cells, we have infected mononuclear blood cells from normal donors by Epstein-Barr virus as a T cell independent B lymphocyte stimulator. In these cell cultures, large multinucleated cells resembling Reed-Sternberg cells were found. These cells usually have the phenotype of B lymphocytes, some of them, however, also have markers of monocytes/macrophages. The possibility of an in vitro fusion between B lymphocytes and monocytes induced by Epstein-Barr virus may be assumed. As to the origin of Reed-Sternberg cells, an in vivo fusion between B-lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage is proposed.


Limiting conditions for the crystal structure analysis of organics using electron diffraction intensity data from elastically bent microcrystals are shown for a representative aromatic structure, cytosine, C4H5N3O. In a projection down the longest unit-cell axis, the normalized structure-factor magnitudes are greatly changed by slight bends, making the diffraction data useless for crystal structure analysis. This alteration of intensity is less severe for a projection down the shortest cell axis and allows a correct structure analysis for bends comparable to those measured experimentally. The correct crystal orientation, moreover, is only achieved by epitaxial growth and not solution growth.


An implantable biosensor for continuous monitoring of glucose levels in diabetic patients was developed. The biosensor is based on an amperometric oxygen electrode and glucose oxidase immobilized on carbon powder held in the form of a liquid suspension. The enzyme material can be replaced (the sensor recharged) without sensor disassembly. Sensors with polycarbonate glucose-diffusion membranes coated with silastic were studied. Calibration curves of the sensors in phosphate buffer solution and in undiluted blood plasma at body temperature were obtained and compared. Sensors were tested for long-term performance in vitro in model phosphate buffer solution and in blood plasma at room and at body temperature. Reproducibility of the sensor responses in plasma at body temperature was demonstrated. During continuous operation at body temperature, the sensors have a lifetime of at least six weeks.


Default is the failure to pay interest or other money that is owed on time. Time default is amount of time taken to clear the given debt past the set time line. Fee payment is guided by the fee payment policy produced by all universities to guide their students on the time they are expected to clear their fee balances. The analysis of the time it takes students to pay their fee balances using Cox Proportional Hazard Model (CPHD) will use the university data collected from the students from the previous semester on how long it took them to pay their fee. The technique is non parametric, independent and robust thus allows a wide range of data. This study is inspired by (Mariusz, 2016).The main aim of this study is to find out the time it takes for students to pay their fee and their reasons using the Cox Proportional hazard Model (CPHD).The general objective of this study is to model Time Default in University Fee Payment using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Survival curves are drawn for comparison among different characteristics that affect the fee payment default. Analysis was performed using R and other mathematical modules will be discussed. From the analysed data several students are aware of the Fee Payment Policy and that Age_group,level of Education, Gender, and Employment do not affect fee payment timelines. This report is usefulto the Universities and other institutions of higher learning, to mitigate the problem of fee payment default hence leading to enhanced normalcy in running of the institution.


Abstract:Trauma theory has long been used to explain Eurocentric, event-based, and nationally experienced traumas like war crimes or the Holocaust. In this article, I focus on the smaller-scale tragedies of everyday life and how trauma theory can illuminate them, too, if combined with an intersectional approach. Caryl Phillips' novel The Lost Child (2015) demonstrates how the mechanisms of complex, co-effecting oppressions may turn everyday life into a series of traumatic experiences by sketching out the ambiguous and matrix-like effects of gender, race, class, ethnicity, age, cultural position, and education-related marginalization. Counter to Cathy Caruth's argument, I claim that intersectionality allows us to conceptualize a traumatic life that does not originate from a single clear event. Intersectionality's kaleidoscopic vision of trauma is able to grasp the co-constitutive effects of small, ordinary, or quotidian hurtful memories and experiences that easily fade in the face of collective, national, and commemorated traumas. Phillips' intersectional framing of individual stories highlights how individual experiences are historically, socially, and culturally mediated.


This article explores the role that 'habit' played in discourses on crime in the 18th century, a subject which forms an important part of the history of 'the social'. It seeks to bridge the division between 'liberal' positions which see crime as a product of social circumstance, and the conservative position which stresses the role of will and individual responsibility, by drawing attention to the role habit played in uniting these conceptions in the 18th century. It argues that the Lockean idea that the mind was a tabula rasa, and that the character was thereby formed through impression and habit, was used as a device to explain the ways in which certain individuals rather than others happened to fall into a life of crime, a temptation to which all were susceptible. This allowed commentators to define individuals as responsible for their actions, while accepting the significance of environmental factors in their transgressions. Further, the notion that the character was formed through habit enabled reformers to promote the idea that crime could be combated through mechanisms of prevention and reformation, which both targeted the individual criminal and sought more generally to reduce the likelihood of crime.


Teaching professionals with robust emotional bondage in academic arena entails emotional intelligence (EI) skills to perk physical and mental wellbeing. Emotional proficiency can be enhanced by acquiring knowledge to manage and apply emotional reactivity. Transformational leadership (TL) recognized in various altitude build productive teaching professionals progressively imperative to inspire collective environment. In recent trends, emotional intelligence in academician extends with relationships among emotional intelligence and transformational leadership is significantly challenging. The current research intended to examine inter-relationship between ability of teaching professionals and their levels of emotional intelligence. The study also exhibits its impact on transformational leadership towards teacher and learner interaction in self-financing institutions. The results provided support for an approach which suggested the teaching professional's levels of emotional intelligence. The  components / variables like competency of teaching professional's includes educational qualification, occupation status, academic excellence, involvement in consultancy works, emotional outcomes and blends, skills management and application learning skills have positive inter-relationship with transformational leadership in enhancing mentoring efficiency and  effectiveness in self-financing institutions.


BACKGROUND: Electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) has been proposed as a parameter to evaluate respiratory function. Normative values of electrical activity of the diaphragm in full-term neonates are not known. This is a small case series to establish preliminary values of Edi in term neonates and to determine how these values vary while awake and asleep and during feeding states. METHODS: Three term neonates in room air and nippling feeds at the time of the study were observed for 4 hours. Edi was measured by electrodes within a nasogastric tube positioned at the level of the diaphragm. Respiratory rate and heart rate were also recorded. Time while awake and asleep were noted. Feeding states included feeding, 30 min pre-prandial, and 30 min post-prandial. Statistics were analysis of variance and t tests, with P < .05. RESULTS: Mean Edi peak was 11 ± 5 μV. Mean Edi minimum was 3 ± 2 μV. Edi peak and minimum were higher while awake. Edi peak was lower post-prandial. Respiratory rate was higher post-prandial. CONCLUSIONS: These are the first preliminary values for Edi in neonates. Higher Edi peak while awake may reflect larger tidal volume to meet increased metabolic requirements when awake and active. Post-prandial lower Edi peak and higher respiratory rate may indicate compensation for decreased tidal volume from increased intra-abdominal pressure. These data may be useful in identifying respiratory pathology in neonates and monitoring progression toward respiratory health.


A thermocompressor is the equipment which compresses a vapor to a desired discharge pressure. Since it was first used as the evacuation pump for a surface condenser, it has been widely adopted for energy saving systems due to its high working confidence. In the present study, the geometrical analysis of the shape between the jet nozzle and the diffuser inlet, the drag force was calculated by means of the integrated equation of motion and the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) package called FLUENT. The computer simulations were performed to investigate the effects by the various suction flow rates, the distance from jet nozzle outlet to the diffuser inlet and the dimensions of the diffuser inlet section through the iterative calculation. In addition, the results from the CFD analysis on the thermocompressor and the experiments were compared for the verification of the CFD results. In the case of a jet nozzle, the results from the CFD analysis showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, in this study, a special attention was paid on the performance of the thermocompressor by varying the diffuser convergence angle of , , , , and . With the increase of the diffuser convergence angle. the suction capacity was improved up to the degree of while it was decreased over the degree of .


A microscopical analysis of the non-dissipative force Fnd acting on a line vortex in a type-II superconductor at T=0 is given. All the work presented assumes a charged BCS superconductor. We first examine the Berry phase induced in the BCS superconducting ground state by movement of the vortex and show how this phase enters into the hydrodynamic action Shyd Of the superconducting condensate. Appropriate variation of Shyd gives Fnd and variation of the Berry phase term is seen to contribute the Magnus or lift force of classical hydrodynamics to Fnd This analysis, based on the BCS ground state of a charged superconductor, confirms in detail the arguments of Ao and Thouless (1993) within the context of the BCS model. Our Berry phase, in the limit e to 0, is seen to reproduce the Berry phase determined by these authors for a neutral superfluid. We also provide a second, independent, determination of Fnd through a microscopic derivation of the continuity equation for the condensate linear momentum. This equation yields the acceleration equation for the superflow and shows that the vortex acts as a sink for the condensate linear momentum. The rate at which momentum is lost to the vortex determines Fnd in this second approach and the result obtained agrees identically with the previous Berry phase calculation. The Magnus force contribution to Fndis seen in both calculations to be a consequence of the vortex topology and motion.


Introduction: Justification and Objectives There are little epidemiologic data about Myeloma Multiple in Spain. The heterogeneity and complexity of this pathology, and the several sociodemographic factors, justify the interest of this type of studies. On the other hand, this disease needs a high assignement of welfare and therapeutic resources, and besides new strategies have arisen for its treatment. The Spanish Leukaemia and Lymphoma Foundation (FLL)has analyzed the actual situation of Myeloma Multiple in Spain, compiling several epidemiologic and welfare parameters about the disease in a Multiple Myeloma "White Book" for Spain. Patients and Methods The period of analysis was 10 years, from 1.991 to 2.001. The information was compiled from a Hospital Based Survey about MM and the following official sources: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): "Cancer incidence in Five continents" and "Incidence and Mortaliity for Cancer In Spain, Patterns and Tendences" Data Base of EUCAN and GLOBOCAN (Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide) EUROCARE III study, (IARC Cancer Base Number 5, Lyon, IARCPress). "Natural Changes of Population and Demography. Spanish National Statistic Institute (INE) and National Spanish Center for Epidemiology (CNE.) Official Records for Mortality Rates by MM in Spain in Spanish Regions (CCAA) (death records Demograhy Records of INE). INE Hospital Case Rate Inquest. CMBD Data Base of Department of Health (Inmunoproliferative Neoplasm and Multiple Myeloma, CIE-9 Diagnosis Code: 203.0)The indicators used were: Deaths number, median of age, proportional mortality, mortality rates, mortality rates adjusted by age, gender and potential years of life lost due to multiple myeloma, (item 203 of ICD-10, OMS) during the last ten years in Spain. Results The incidence rates of MM, adjusted to the European population were: 3,54 cases by 100.000/year for men and 2,54 cases by 100.000/year for women. The global incidence rate were 4,44 cases by 100.000/year for men and 4,22 cases by 100.000/year for women. These rates were similar in all geographic regions. Performed predictions show a prevalence increase during the following five years, which means more than 2.400 cases in men and more than 2.100 in women MM cases per year. Regarding mortality, rates, myeloma is a very slightly frequent cause of death: 3.23 cases by 100.000/years of men and 2.3 cases of women. A whole an increase of mortality of 45.2 per cent was observed for the period of time between 1992 and 2001. Comments and Conclusions The MM incidence and mortality rates in Spain for this period were lower than expected in comparison with other European epidemiology studies. Nevertheless we observed that the MM mortality and prevalence rates present a continuous and uniform increment in the last years. Part of these increases can be due to the incorporation of new technologies, more sensitive for diagnosis, and to the increase of aging of the population. Furthermore certain occupational and chemical exposures and other environmental changes could explain these trends.


The concept of open and closed sets has been extensively discussed on both metric and topological spaces. Various properties of these sets have been proved under the underlying spaces. However, scanty literature is available about semi-open /semi-closed sets on these spaces. For instance, little effort has been made in introducing these sets as clopen sets in topological spaces but no literature exists of the same under metric spaces. In this paper, with reference to the already existing definitions and properties of open and closed sets in metric spaces as well as in topological spaces we shall present definitions of semi-open/ semi-closed sets and furthermore prove basic properties of these sets on metrics spaces. The results of the study will provide a deeper understanding as well as extension knowledge for the concept of open and closed sets to their somewhat counter-intuitive terms of semi- open /semi-closed.


1. It is shown that beta- and gamma-DNP, as well as p- and m-nitrophenol will stimulate yeast respiration. O-nitrophenol was practically inactive in this respect. In all cases the free acid or undissociated form appears to be the active agent. 2. In the case of each of the active drugs a sufficient increase in the undissociated form caused by a decrease in pH resulted in an inhibition of respiration. Partial recovery occurred on restoration of the original pH level. 3. Percentage stimulation of respiration by the active compounds was markedly greater in the absence of glucose, although the presence of glucose caused no shift in optimal dosage. 4. The position of the compounds in order of capacity to stimulate yeast respiration is changed by the presence of glucose. In phosphate buffer the series in order of decreasing activity is p-nitrophenol, m-nitrophenol, alpha-DNP, meta-DNP, while in glucose phosphate the order is p-nitrophenol, alpha-DNP, beta-DNA, meta-nitrophenol. 5. A basis for the comparison of physiological activity of these nitrated phenols from several points of view is developed.


We study the Kelvin mode excitations on a vortex line in a three-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature. Our stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii simulations show that the activation of these modes can be suppressed by tightening the confinement along the direction of the vortex line, leading to a strong suppression in the vortex decay rate as the system enters a regime of two-dimensional vortex dynamics. As the system approaches the condensation transition temperature we find that the vortex decay rate is strongly sensitive to dimensionality and temperature, observing a large enhancement for quasi-two-dimensional traps. Three-dimensional simulations of the recent vortex dipole decay experiment of Neely et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 160401 (2010)] confirm two-dimensional vortex dynamics, and predict a dipole lifetime consistent with experimental observations and suppression of Kelvon-induced vortex decay in highly oblate condensates.


This paper presents a nonlinear-controller design approach for ultracapacitor-based energy storage systems (UCESSs) for supplying active and reactive power in grid-connected power system applications. The controller is designed based on the dynamical model of UCESSs where the model is developed from the electrical equivalent circuit of the ultracapacitor (UC) connected to the grid through a voltage source converter (VSC). The nonlinear controller is designed based on the partial feedback linearization with an aim of controlling active and reactive power injected into the grid through the regulation of the respective currents. The stability analysis of the internal dynamics of UCESSs is also investigated in this paper as the controller cannot be implemented if these internal dynamics are unstable. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated on a grid connected UC system and the simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed controller as compared to a finely-tuned PI controller.