In general, automatic braking uses an electric stability control (ESC) hydraulic unit that can automatically increase the hydraulic pressure in the wheel cylinder (hereinafter called wheel pressure), independent of the driver's braking operation. The hydraulic unit should have sufficient pressure response to apply autonomous emergency braking (AEB). It was necessary for the hydraulic unit to have a high flow rate for the pressure response.

To satisfy the performance requirements of the AEB, a brushless motor, which has a high maximum rotational speed and good response, is adopted for the hydraulic unit. Furthermore, sensorless control, which does not require a rotation angle sensor, has been developed so that the motor size can be small and common to conventional units.

The developed sensorless control can switch the driving methods in three states: pre-rotation, low speed, and high speed. In the pre-rotational state, the magnetic poles are judged to quickly determine the initial position of the motor rotor. The rotational speed in the low-speed range was estimated based on the disturbance superimposition method. Subsequently, the rotational speed in the high-speed range was estimated based on the extended guidance method. The sensorless control can drive the brushless motor with the same performance as that of a system equipped with a rotation angle sensor over a wide range of rotational speeds.

A sensorless control system that has the same performance as a system equipped with a rotation angle sensor was developed, which allows the miniaturization of the motor.


Swiss albino mice were given Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (1 × 10(6)) intraperitoneally. For survival analysis and tumour growth analysis, the mice were administered quercetin and naringin (100 mg/kg) daily for 3 consecutive days, beginning on the third day after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (1 × 10(6)). Irinotecan was administered ip at a dose of 50 mg/kg on days 1, 13 and 19. For the analysis of cell types and differential count of cells present in the peritoneal cavity, peripheral whole-blood leucocyte count and the comet assay, the mice were treated therapeutically with quercetin and naringin (100 mg/kg) and irinotecan (50 mg/kg) daily for 3 consecutive days beginning on third day after i.p. injection of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (1 × 10(6)). We observed the synergistic anti-tumour effect expressed as the median survival time of mice treated with naringin in combination with irinotecan. All test components inhibited tumour growth and increased lifespan of mice except quercetin. The total number of cells present in the peritoneal cavity of mice significantly decreased in all treatments except quercetin. Single irinotecan and irinotecan combined with naringin had the highest DNA-damaging potential on peripheral blood leucocytes and lowest primary DNA damage, both in the kidney and liver cells as measured by the alkaline comet assay. Our results showed enhanced anti-tumour activity of irinotecan in combined treatment with flavonoids to reduce the deteriorating reaction of cytostatic drugs.


People are often exposed to fake news. Such an exposure to misleading information might lead to false memory creation. We examined whether people can form false memories for COVID-19-related fake news. Furthermore, we investigated which individual factors might predict false memory formation for fake news. In two experiments, we provided participants with two pieces of COVID-19-related fake news along with a non-probative photograph. In Experiment 1, 41% (n = 66/161) of our sample reported at least one false memory for COVID-19-related fake news. In Experiment 2, even a higher percentage emerged (54.9%; n = 185/337). Moreover, in Experiment 2, participants with conspiracy beliefs were more likely to report false memories for fake news than those without such beliefs, irrespective of the conspiratorial nature of the materials. Finally, while well-being was found to be positively associated with both true and false memories (Experiment 1), only analytical thinking was negatively linked to the vulnerability to form false memories for COVID-19-related fake news (Experiment 2). Overall, our data demonstrated that false memories can occur following exposure to fake news about COVID-19, and that governmental and social media interventions are needed to increase individuals' discriminability between true and false COVID-19-related news.


Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC) are attractive therapeutic targets for multiple cancers. Two first-generation small-molecule Trks inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, have just been approved to use clinically. However, the drug-resistance mutations of Trks have already emerged, which calls for new-generation Trks inhibitors. Herein, we report the structural optimization and structure-activity relationship studies of 6,6-dimethyl-4-(phenylamino)-6H-pyrimido[5,4-b][1,4]oxazin-7(8H)-one derivatives as a new class of pan-Trk inhibitors. The prioritized compound 11g exhibited low nanomolar IC50 values against TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC and various drug-resistant mutants. It also showed good kinase selectivity. 11g displayed excellent in vitro antitumor activity and strongly suppressed Trk-mediated signaling pathways in intact cells. In in vivo studies, compound 11g exhibited good antitumor activity in BaF3-TEL-TrkA and BaF3-TEL-TrkCG623R allograft mouse models without exhibiting apparent toxicity. Collectively, 11g could be a promising lead compound for drug discovery targeting Trks and deserves further investigation.


Tibiscum is one of the biggest Roman auxiliary forts in Dacia and one of the most interesting sites of this kind. It comprises a military fort with its civil settlement and the remains of other structures related to them. The environment around Tibiscum makes it interesting also from the geological point of view. The Timiş River flowing along the fort changed its riverbed regularly in the past, causing troubles to the inhabitants and now to the archaeologists. The broader area around Tibiscum has been only partly researched and still awaits further investigations. The goal of our two-year research was a better understanding of the ancient landscape around Tibiscum and a spatial allocation of settlements and infrastructure. A set of various methods has been implemented to cover the largest area available for the surveys without using excavation methods. Non-destructive survey allowed to collect data which led to the new conclusions about the settlement complex.Following the analysed surveys, new roads were discovered, the necropolis area of the municipium Septimium Tibiscensium, new areas inhabited around the fortification, and especially the parts of the archaeological site that were destroyed by the floods and fluctuations of the river Timiș could be established.


Alexander Gottschalk and Robert Beck have compiled and edited contributions from 38 prominent men in the radioisotope and x-ray imaging fields. The process of radioisotopic imaging is examined in detail; discussions include capabilities of currently available scanning instruments as well as hypothetical systems. Scanning limitations and possible methods of improvement are presented. Discussions among the participants are spaced throughout the book and further delineate many of the fundamental issues in nuclear medicine. The leading edge of this rapidly expanding field includes computer techniques and tomographic scanning, and in these areas different points of view are offered. The recurring practical questions of what instrument to buy, what results to expect, collimator choice, and similar problems are considered in detail. This is a book with appeal limited to the field of nuclear medicine. Everyone working in this area should have it on his reference shelf; anyone who has an interest in radioisotopic


Activation sparsity improves compute efficiency and resource utilization in sparsity-aware neural network accelerators. As the predominant operation in DNNs is multiply-accumulate (MAC) of activations with weights to compute inner products, skipping operations where (at least) one of the two operands is zero can make inference more efficient in terms of latency and power. Spatial sparsification of activations is a popular topic in DNN literature and several methods have already been established to bias a DNN for it. On the other hand, temporal sparsity is an inherent feature of bio-inspired spiking neural networks (SNNs), which neuromorphic processing exploits for hardware efficiency. Introducing and exploiting spatio-temporal sparsity, is a topic much less explored in DNN literature, but in perfect resonance with the trend in DNN, to shift from static signal processing to more streaming signal processing. Towards this goal, in this paper we introduce a new DNN layer (called Delta Activation Layer), whose sole purpose is to promote temporal sparsity of activations during training. A Delta Activation Layer casts temporal sparsity into spatial activation sparsity to be exploited when performing sparse tensor multiplications in hardware. By employing delta inference and ``the usual'' spatial sparsification heuristics during training, the resulting model learns to exploit not only spatial but also temporal activation sparsity (for a given input data distribution). One may use the Delta Activation Layer either during vanilla training or during a refinement phase. We have implemented Delta Activation Layer as an extension of the standard Tensoflow-Keras library, and applied it to train deep neural networks on the Human Action Recognition (UCF101) dataset. We report an almost 3x improvement of activation sparsity, with recoverable loss of model accuracy after longer training.


Background In traditional African setting, family members are closely knitted and provide effective social and supportive care for their loved ones during admission in hospitals. HIV testing for family members of HIV positive (HIV+) patients may enhance disclosure of status of spouses, encourage family social support and improve access to HIV services. The objective was to evaluate the approach of HIV testing of family members of both HIV+ and HIV− patients on admission in a large national HIV-treatment centre in Nigeria, West Africa. Methods This was a prospective study in which HIV testing was offered to consented family members of HIV+ and HIV− patients on admission between January 2009 and June 2010.The family members included spouses, children of patients, parents of paediatric patients and other family members. Analysis was done in frequencies and percentages. Results 2829 family members of 3284 patients were tested. The details are: spouses, 339 (12%); fathers, 255 (9%); mothers, 1442 (51%); and others family members, 792 (28%). 2630 (93%) of testers were first timers. Most of the testers (97%) had post-test counselling. Overall HIV prevalence was 14%: 7% among spouses; 11% and 7% among mothers and fathers respectively; and 4% among other family members. Discordant status occurred in 19% of couples tested. Conclusion The results indicate that routine HIV testing of family members of patients on admission is a strategy for identification of large number of HIV infected persons. This method is not only innovative, but also a novel approach effective for scaling up of access to HIV prevention, care and treatment services in sub-Sahara Africa.


Transient absorption spectra of charge-transfer (CT) crystals between methyl- or methoxy-substituted benzene derivatives and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) were measured by femtosecond diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and the electronic structure and dynamics of the excited state depending on the nature of the electron donor (D) are discussed. For such weak CT complexes, it was confirmed that excitation energy is localized in one donor-acceptor pair and the mixing of CT and locally excited (LE) configurations is important in the excited CT singlet state. The CT degree of the excited state depends on the oxidation potential of D and on the mutual configuration of D and electron acceptor (A) molecules. The second-order decay constant of the excited state was observed under usual photolysis conditions, from which a motion-limited diffusion was considered. A first-order decay of the transient absorption was obtained, when the excitation intensity was weak, and ascribed to charge recombination to the ground state. The energy gap (-¢G) dependence of the charge recombination rate constant (kCR) was confirmed to give a linear relationship between ln(kCR) and j-¢Gj.


In Pediatric Cardiology for many years the usage of spironolactone (Aldactone) and Canreonat-K+ (Aldactone pro injectione) had been experienced. The efficiency of aldactone was controlled by clinical parameters, electrolytes, discontinuity of the drug and in some cases by radioimmunologic measurement of the plasma aldosterone concentration. The treatment with aldactone in combination with digitalis gave good clinical results in cases with and without signs of secondary hyperaldosteronism. The recommended dosage i. v. and orally was for infancy 2--3 mg/kg/die the first 2--4 days and afterwards 1,5--2 mg/kg/die, for later childhood 4--5 mg/kg/die for 3--5 days and afterwards 2--3 mg/kg/die. Special attention should be paid to hyperkaliemia, over 6 mval serum K+ the aldactone administration was interrupted.


The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structure of solid phenanthrene (C14H10) was investigated up to 25.7 GPa through synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and an evolutionary algorithm for crystal structure prediction based on van der Waals density functional calculations. We observed the onset of a phase transition around 8 GPa from the monoclinic P21 low-pressure phase with two molecules per unit cell arranged in a herringbone fashion to a new high-pressure phase. The best candidate structure for this phase exhibits three molecules in a P1 triclinic unit cell in a parallel arrangement, stabilized by dominant π–π intermolecular interactions. The P21 and P1 phases coexist in the pressure range from 8 to 13 GPa, whereas above 13 GPa only the P1 high-pressure phase is present. At higher pressures (P > 20 GPa), experiments and first-principles calculations suggest a tendency toward amorphization.


Model interiors and model homes were a recurring element at the world fairs of the previous century. At Expo 58, the Brussels World Fair of 1958, these forms of presentation were also a common feature. Various participating nations saw the model interior or the model home as a powerful didactic instrument with which to draw attention to the idea of successful post-war reconstruction, a new national identity or a promising future. Model homes offered an accessible formula, instantly recognisable across national borders and extremely suited to the synthesis of industry and culture. At the same time the model home was a rewarding formula for participants with a more commercial purpose. Within the Belgian Section, especially, contributions such as the pavilion of the Buildings and Dwellings group or that of the furniture company Vanderborght provided an overview of what the Belgian market had to offer or might be offering in the future. As well as giving expression to progress, these model homes and interiors often appeared to be referring explicitly to the overall theme of the world fair: 'A balance sheet for a more humane world.' A good or comfortably furnished home was a basic need, the social importance of which had been brought into sharp focus since the horrors of the Second World War.The model homes and interiors at Expo 58 were extremely wide-ranging, not least because of the diversity of the participating nations and businesses and their different visions of 'modern' or 'better' living. Besides, by the end of the 1950s the model interior was familiar to the general public, which had become acquainted with the national promotion of 'new' and 'good' living during the post-war years. Expo 58 gave designers the opportunity to deploy this tried and tested exhibition formula in a range of different, often subtle and innovative ways, stretching from realistic, full-scale models to fictitious or evocative settings in which furniture and other furnishings played a significant role. This article sheds light on the rich palette of model homes and interiors at Expo 58, and reflects on examples that pushed the medium's boundaries.


Nucleation and growth studies were conducted on Al-Zn alloys at several temperatures using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with an in-situ furnace. The value of the critical undercooling was established by noting the lowest temperature at which precipitates were no longer observed, following a quench into the two-phase metastable region. These results were compared with the Langer-Schwartz model of nucleation and growth in which it is predicted that the half-completion time (i.e, the time required for the supersaturation to reach half its initial value) diverges for initial supersaturations which are higher than those predicted by the classical nucleation theory.


Background KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, has rolled out voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in response to recommendations that regions with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence adopt VMMC as an additional HIV prevention strategy. There is a paucity of South African data on the motivators, barriers and experiences of adult male candidates regarding VMMC. This study was conducted to analyse circumcised men's perceptions, understanding and experiences of VMMC in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods A qualitative phenomenographic design was used. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (BE 627/18). Data were collected from 12 circumcised male candidates. Individual interviews were conducted and recorded by using an audiotape. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed manually. Results Participants' perceptions regarding VMMC are health related and appear to be the motivators for the uptake of medical circumcision. Circumcised men in this study appeared to misunderstand VMMC in terms of healing and performance time and the nature of the procedure. Negative experiences in terms of quality of care received were reported. Conclusion The study findings imply that practice interventions to promote demand generation for VMMC in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, should incorporate the perceptions and experiences of male candidates regarding the procedure. Tailored messaging to address misunderstanding related to the nature of VMMC should also be provided. Regular in-service training on standardised VMMC implementation practices should be provided to ensure the delivery of optimum quality VMMC services.


Derebucak lies in a region that is very suitable for outbreak and spread of a fire because of nearby forest areas and use of wood in constructions as houses, barns and haylofts. As a result, big fires were encountered in Derebucak during the 20th century. The biggest of fires Derebucak went under is the one that took place on 8th of July, 1955. This fire turned 403 of 410 houses in the village to ashes and only structures that survived the fire were two school buildings, two mills, one sawmill and seven houses. Two children were killed and 50 livestock were destroyed in the fire. The fact that nearly every house in the village was burnt down together with commodities they held caused 2165 residents to be left homeless and economic damage of two million liras. In the aftermath of the fire in order to help the population's needs food, clothes, kitchen appliances, sleepware etc. were collected and directed to the zone by Turkish Red Crescent and comittees gathered in Beyşehir, Seydişehir and Konya. Furthermore, governor's Office in Konya and congressmen of Konya immediately started pocesses for helping the reconstruction of the village. The residents of the village were situated in shelter tents provided by Turkish Red Crescent for a few months and then they were transferred to temporary wooden houses with few rooms outside the construction site until the completion of permanent housing construction in 1960's. The 1955 fire caused a substantial physical change in Derebucak and ignited migration to cities and even ⃰ Doç. Dr., Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü.


The computational capability of smart mobile devices increasingly fosters their prevalence in many business domains. Along this trend, process management technology is going to be enhanced with mobile task support. However, tasks executed stationarily so far cannot be simply transfered to mobile devices. For the latter purpose, we developed an approach within the MARPLE project enabling mobile and robust task execution in the context of business processes. In particular, this approach provides self-healing techniques that relieve mobile users from manually handling errors (e.g., lost connections) during mobile task execution. In this paper, we extend the collaboration facilities of our approach by adding entailment constraints to mobile task management. In the context of a business process, for example, two tasks may have to be executed by the same (mobile) user. Related research on integrating such constraints with business processes has received growing attention recently. However, realizing entailment constraints in the context of mobile processes and tasks raises additional issues, which must be probably integrated with the mentioned error handling techniques. We present fundamental entailment constraints supported by our approach and discuss how they can be realized in a robust and flexible manner. In particular, this will significantly enhance mobile task and process support in next generation information systems.


In multi-hop distributed cognitive radio network, link layer resource allocation must consider the information about number of hops packets have already traveled in the network in order to optimize the overall resource utilization. The loss of a packet after traveling some hops results in waste of all the resources allocated to it in previous hops. The existing resource allocation schemes may not provide optimal resource utilization in such network as this issue has been greatly ignored. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a scheme to allocate transmit power to different packets favoring those which have traveled more hops before reaching a particular node. We present a cross-layer approach in which link layer gets the hop-count information from network layer module. Distributed implementation is possible with the proposed scheme because each node can access this information. We formulate the power allocation problem as a convex optimization problem and obtain its analytical solution by using Lagrangian duality. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of minimizing wastage of network resources used by packets in their previous hops without any degradation in throughput and outage performance.


Context: Obesity is found to be the strongest risk factor for persistent hypertension, which is an important risk factor for the coronary artery disease and stroke. Urbanization, unhealthy eating patterns and reduced physical activity are the important reasons. Prevention of obesity is always better than its treatment. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of overweight/obesity among medical student and to identify various correlates associated with it. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in medical students in Pune. Methods: A validated, pre-designed, and pre-tested questionnaire was used. Overweight/obesity was assessed on the basis of body mass index (BMI) for age using gender specific Centre for Disease Control (CDC) charts. Statistical Analysis: Proportions, ANOVA, and unpaired t-tests were used to find any statistical significant association of mean BMI for age with various correlates. Results: Total 159 students including 66 (41.5%) female and 93 (58.5%) male took part in the study. The proportion of overweight/obesity was 13.2% (C.I: 7.84-18.5%). Daily calorie intake, lack of daily physical activity, daily consumption of Tea/Coffee/Fruit juices, playing outdoor games, socio-economic status, and family history of obesity were found to have statistically significant association with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: The problem of obesity/overweight is on the rise.


Effects of 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (KC-404) on cerebral circulation and metabolism were examined measuring cerebral oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (BrPO2, BrPCO2) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in cats. KC-404 (100 micrograms/kg) infused into the carotid artery produced no significant changes in BrPO2, BrPCO2 and MABP. 300 micrograms/kg of KC-404 infused into the femoral vein produced significant decrease in MABP, whereas BrPO2 remained constant. It is suggested that a large dose of KC-404 causes preferential cerebral vasodilation and maintenance of constant blood flow despite marked reduction in MABP.


Twelve years of historical hydrographic data, spanning the period 1990–2001, are analyzed to examine the along-stream evolution of the western North Atlantic Ocean shelfbreak front and current, following its path between the west coast of Greenland and the Middle Atlantic Bight. Over 700 synoptic sections are used to construct a mean three-dimensional description of the summer shelfbreak front and to quantify the along-stream evolution in properties, including frontal strength and grounding position. Results show that there are actually two fronts in the northern part of the domain—a shallow front located near the shelf break and a deeper front centered in the core of Irminger Water over the upper slope. The properties of the deeper Irminger front erode gradually to the south, and the front disappears entirely near the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The shallow shelfbreak front is identifiable throughout the domain, and its properties exhibit large variations from north to south, with the largest changes occurring near the Tail of the Grand Banks. Despite these structural changes, and large variations in topography, the foot of the shelfbreak front remains within 20 km of the shelf break. The hydrographic sections are also used to examine the evolution of the baroclinic velocity field and its associated volume transport. The baroclinic velocity structure consists of a single velocity core that is stronger and penetrates deeper where the Irminger front is present. The baroclinic volume transport decreases by equal amounts at the southern end of the Labrador Shelf and at the Tail of the Grand Banks. Overall, the results suggest that the Grand Banks is a geographically critical location in the North Atlantic shelfbreak system.


In the human environment there is a tendency to refer to resources, such as land and water which do not specifically belong to any single individual, as the 'commons'. Garret Hardin wrote his famous paper called: "The Tragedy of the Commons" in which he highlighted the problem inhabitants of the world face regarding the growing population and depletion of natural resources. He proposed that limits must be placed on the liberal use of natural resources, which usually involve some kind of legislation. South Africa, as a semi-arid country, needs to manage the water as a commons to ensure that all inhabitants of the country have access to safe drinking water as instructed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act No. 108 of 1996 and subsequently preserved in the National Water Act No 36 of 1998. The significance of Hardin's theory to South Africa becomes evident in the necessity of the mentioned acts, which involve the establishment of Catchment Management Agencies (CMAs) and Water User Associations (WUAs). These institutions must ensure the involvement of all stakeholders and water users to manage the resource optimally. Establishing these institutions, however, proved to be difficult and their efficiency questioned, thus illustrating a "tragedy within the tragedy". This article considers the case of the Lower Orange Catchment Management Agency and the Upington Islands Water User Association in the //Khara Hais local municipality, to illustrate the thus far failing efforts taken by this region to manage the water resource.


Background Community perceptions and response to natural disasters can determine survival and the extent of long term economic, social and psychological impacts. In India, floods have the largest numbers of casualties every year. Assam, a state in north-east India is especially vulnerable to natural disasters due to its geographic location, which make it prone to earthquakes, and flooding as the second largest river in the world, the Brahmaputra, traverses through it. The state also has one of the highest drowning mortality rates in India. With climate change exacerbating the risk and consequences of natural disasters it is important to investigate how communities respond to and are affected to identify priority areas for future interventions and mitigation strategies. Methods This was an exploratory qualitative research study guided by a grounded theory approach. Focus group discussions (n=5), in-depth interviews (n=9), and observations were done with community leaders from the Char population residing on sand-bars in lower Assam. Results Drowning among young children inside their homes while waiting for flood water to recede was a major concern. Contextual factors related to poverty, loss of land and livelihoods, river erosion, and water pollution created major challenges to communities in responding to and recovering from natural disasters. Disaster management infrastructure or rehabilitation practices were lacking. Communities highlighted the need for interventions focused on environment modifications. Conclusion Sustainable, local solutions to build resilience and manage flood risks and other hazards are much needed. Emergency preparedness practices and training, hazard mitigation strategies, and post-disaster relief needs to be strengthened to reduce long-term social and economic impacts. This can be achieved through local stakeholder support for building sustainable solutions, and greater political will at the national level to addressing disaster risk reduction and response. Implementation of existing disaster-related policies needs to be ensured to minimise loss of life and further environmental impacts.


Abstract Highly restitic garnet-kyanite-phlogopite metapelitic schists from the Goshen Dome of western Massachusetts contain: a population of prograde monocrystalline, megacrystic garnet, some with significant P in substitution for Si; precipitates of hydroxylapatite and rutile; and <1 μm zircon crystals of undetermined origin and abundance on the order of 105/mm3. The unusual P content and the abundant internal precipitate suite are similar to features reported in garnet from ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and mantle settings, suggesting a potential (U)HP origin for the garnet megacrysts. Zircon included in megacrysts is surrounded by radial fractures, indicating in situ volumetric expansion or new growth. Cores display rare earth element (REE) profiles and cathodoluminescence (CL) zoning consistent with magmatic growth, and yield only Paleozoic dates (447–404 Ma). The embayed core–rim boundary is marked by a several micrometers wide band of CL-dark zircon enriched in Y, P, U, and Th that is interpreted as the accumulation of redistributed xenotime component from the original zircon rim during metamorphism. Outside of this band, the rim has elevated Hf, Th/U << 1, and steep heavy REE profiles. The metamorphic rims yield concordant dates from 400 to 381 Ma. Matrix zircon grains have magmatic cores (1726–415 Ma) with similar core-rim boundaries enriched in Y, P, U, and Th. Metamorphic rims on matrix zircon yield slightly younger dates (393–365 Ma) and are compositionally heterogeneous. The difference between the youngest core and oldest rim indicates a short interval (ca. 4 Ma) between deposition of detrital zircon and the onset of metamorphism in the earliest Acadian. The oldest zircon rim dates are found within phosphatic garnet megacrysts of possible very high-pressure origin. The compositional uniformity of these rims indicates equilibrium with a single source; the anomalous composition suggests a combination of dissolution-reprecipitation and new growth of zircon that is derived from garnet. The range in both composition and dates indicates that matrix zircon rims formed in response to local changes in mineralogy and fluid/melt composition and/or availability. New growth of zircon on these grains cannot be confirmed, suggesting that dissolution-reprecipitation reactions during continued metamorphism may be the dominant mechanism that formed these rims. The data collectively suggest that dissolution-reprecipitation may be a common mechanism for producing metamorphic rims on zircon that does not require additional Zr and Hf, which are limited within most metamorphic settings.


The work conducted in this paper presents a novel experimental setup to study sulfuric acid cold corrosion of cylinder liners in large two-stroke marine diesel engines. The process is simulated in a motored light duty BUKH DV24 diesel engine where the charge air contain known amounts of H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O vapor. Liner corrosion is measured as iron accumulation in the lube oil. Similarly sulfuric acid condensation is assessed by measuring the accumulation of sulfur in the lube oil. To clarify the corrosive effect of sulfuric acid the lube oil utilized for experiments is a sulfur free neutral oil without alkaline additives (Chevron Neutral Oil 600R). Iron and sulfur accumulation in the lube oil is analyzed with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) apparatus. Three test cases with different H 2 SO 4 concentrations are run. Results reveal good agreement between sulfuric acid injection flow and the accumulation of both iron and sulfur in the oil.


A study to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) was conducted on 625 animals (140 local Arsi cattle breeds and 485 of their crosses with pure Holstein Friesians) randomly selected from four districts of Arsi Zone and West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, using comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIT) test. An overall individual animal prevalence of 12.16% was recorded under traditional animal husbandry system in the study area. The higher percentage of positiee results in tested animals was recorded in Arsi Zone (15.8%) and the lower percentage of positive results was found in the West Arsi Zone (8.9%). There was statistically significant difference (X 2 = 5.44; P-value = 0.0196) in individual prevalence between the two Zones. Other epidemiological risk factors including age, sex, breed, and reproductive status of the animals were assessed for their contribution to the prevalence of the disease. Accordingly, a statistically significant (X 2 = 4.49, P-value = 0.0340) difference was found only between the type of animal breeds and their reactivity to the tuberculin test but not for other epidemiological factors. This study therefore, showed that bovine TB was present in Arsi Zone and West Arsi Zone, Oromia. This calls for a further detail study on farmers' awareness regarding its transmission and zoonotic potential; and the formulation of strategic control measures by the relevant animal health agencies to reduce the associated economic and zoonotic effects.


Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, accounting for 1.2 million new cases annually. Despite the availability of several novel medications, very few have been found to be widely applicable or effective. Hence, the aim of present study was to assess the efficacy of Zapotin, a phytochemical present in the Mexican fruit Sapote blanco (Casimiroa edulis), in lung epithelial cells. Zapotin was chemically synthesized and the effects were evaluated on several human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (A549 (p53 wild type), Calu-1(p53 null), H1993 (p53 mutated)) and the Normal Human Bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2b) using cell proliferation assay (MTT Assay & Cell count method), apoptosis assay (TUNEL Assay), western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Significant growth inhibition of 66.91% and apoptosis was found to be induced in the A549 cells when treated with 1 μM zapotin for 72 hrs. On the other hand, no significant growth inhibition was noted for Beas-2b under the same conditions. Furthermore, the western blot analyses indicated that zapotin increased p53 and p21 protein expression in A549 cells but not in Beas-2b cells. Studies for p53 mRNA expression were completed on A549 and Beas-2b subsequent to treatment with zapotin and it showed to have no significant changes. This suggested that the activation of p53 is at protein level instead of transcriptional level. This is the first report to indicate that zapotin acts through p53 mediated pathway in wild-type p53 positive A549 cells.

Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5694.


We compare allocations sustained by credit with allocations sustained by bank notes (inside money) in a search model with decentralized trade and limited monitoring. We demonstrate that there exists a credit arrangement that is superior to inside money. However, in contrast with inside money, this arrangement is not robust to an expansion of trade that is not accompanied by an adequate increase in the degree of monitoring. Therefore, banks are essential when trade is intense and monitoring is limited. As a historical application, we argue that our model helps explain the origins of banking in Medieval and Early Modern Europe.


An aluminum clad steel was produced using the vacuum roll bonding. The clad steel was heated at 560 to 650°C for 0 to 20 s to study formation of intermetallic phases and bond shear strength in the bond interface between the aluminum and the steel of the aluminum clad steel given weld thermal cycles. Main results obtained are as follows ; (1) Although the clad steel was heated at 650°C without holding, an intermetallic phase was not formed in the bond interface. (2) However, when the clad steel was heated for a certain time, intermetallic phases of FeAl3 and Fe2Al5 were formed in the bond interface and the activation energy for formation of the phases was 41 kcal/mot. (3) When the thickness of the phases was more than around 1.5μm, the bond shear strength of the clad metal was abruptly decreased in comparison with that of the clad steel in as-produced condition.


Federally funded research in Canada is of significant scope and scale. The implications of research in the colonial project has resulted in a fraught relationship between Indigenous Peoples and Western research. Research governance, as an aspect of public administration, is evolving. The relationality inherent in new public governance (NPG)—a nascent public governance regime—may align with Indigenous relationality concepts. Recent societal advances, such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the Truth and Reconcilliation Commission of Canada (TRC), and the Indigenous Institutes Act in Ontario, provide further impetus for Indigenous self-determination in multiple domains including research. This article advocates for Indigenous research sovereignty and concludes with suggestions for ways in which federal funding agencies, specifically the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), could contribute to the advancement of Indigenous research sovereignty.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials with nodal-loop band crossing have been attracting great research interest. However, it remains a challenge to find 2D nodal loops that are robust against spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and realized in magnetic states. Here, based on first-principles calculations and theoretical analysis, we predict that monolayer MnN is a 2D nodal-loop half metal with fully spin polarized nodal loops. We show that monolayer MnN has a ferromagnetic ground state with out-of-plane magnetization. Its band structure shows half metallicity with three low-energy bands belonging to the same spin channel. The crossing between these bands forms two concentric nodal loops centered around the $\Gamma$ point near the Fermi level. Remarkably, the nodal loops and their spin polarization are robust under SOC, due to the protection of a mirror symmetry. We construct an effective model to characterize the fully polarized emergent nodal-loop fermions. We also find that a uniaxial strain can induce a loop transformation from a localized single loop circling around $\Gamma$ to a pair of extended loops penetrating the Brillouin zone.


DTU Orbit (11/08/2019) Analysis of wind turbine aerodynamics and aeroelasticity using vortex-based methods Momentum analysis through Blade Element Momentum (BEM) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are the two major paths commonly followed for wind turbine aerodynamic and aeroelastic research. Instead, the current PhD thesis focuses on the application of vortex-based methods. Vortex-based methods are understood as both simple vortex models and advanced numerical vortex methods. Prandtl's tip-loss factor and Coleman's yaw model are examples of features that were obtained using simple vortex models and implemented in BEM-based codes. Low-order vortex lattice codes and high-order vortex particle methods have regained interest in wind energy applications over the last two decades. The current work derives and illustrates some of the potential benefits of vortex-based analyses. The two key wake geometries used in this study to derive simple vortex models are the cylindrical and helical wake models. Both models can be attributed to the work of Joukoswki. They are further studied in this thesis. The cylindrical wake model is detailed for the finite-tip speed ratio case. A superposition of such models is used to investigate the effect of wake rotation. A proper implementation of this effect in BEM codes is suggested. The application to yawed conditions leads to the derivation of a new yaw model applicable in BEM codes. Further applications of the cylindrical wake model considered include the study of unsteady inflow and sheared inflow. The helical wake model is used to derive a new-tip loss factor intended to be used in BEM implementations. The current thesis also presents the implementation of a vortex code to further investigate wind turbine aerodynamics. The code consists of both low-order and high-order formulations. The implementation features are described and illustrated through different validation cases. Analytical results, measurements and CFD simulations are used for comparison and validation. Low-order methods are used to validate the simple vortex models. The vortex particle method is applied to model a turbulent field and investigate the impact of a wind turbine on the inflow turbulence. The code is coupled to the in-house aero-servo-elastic code in order to obtain a "next generation" aeroelastic simulation tool.


The results have been presented of electron-microscopic and ultracytochemical investigations of sinusoidal vessels, fat, reticular and endosteal cells of the bone marrow from the iliac bone fragments of 30 normal subjects. Close morphological and functional relationships have been established between the structures of the hemopoietic microenvironment and hemopoietic cells, and the role of certain stromal elements in the maintenance of the hemopoietic function has been specified.


Aqueous 1,1,2-trichloroethene (TCE) adsorption isotherms were obtained on Ambersorb 1® 563 and 572 adsorbents and Filtrasorb 2® 400 granular activated carbon (GAC). The data for Ambersorb 563 adsorbent covers TCE concentrations from 0.0009 to 600 mg/L. The data for each adsorbent was fit to 15 isotherm equations to determine an optimum equation. The best equation for the TCE adsorption isotherms is the Dubinin-Astakov (DA) isotherm. The DA isotherm coefficients were used to estimate the TCE micropore volume and the adsorption potential distribution. For each adsorbent, the TCE micropore volume is equivalent to the N2 porosimetry micropore volume. The mean adsorption potential is 18.8, 13.0, and 8.9 kJ/mol, with coefficients of variation of 0.37, 0.53, and 0.67, for Ambersorb 563 and 572 adsorbents and Filtrasorb 400 GAC, respectively. Thus, Ambersorb 563 adsorbent has the most energetic and most homogeneous adsorption volume, while Fittrasorb 400 GAC has the least energetic and most heterogeneous adsorption volume. For these reasons, Ambersorb 563 adsorbent has the highest TCE capacity at low concentrations, whereas Filtrasorb 400 GAC has the highest TCE capacity at high concentrations. The pertbrmance of Ambersorb 572 adsorbent is generally intermediate to the other two adsorbents.


Background As a hospice we are nimble in our responses to the local population, developing service innovations and initiating new projects in response to identified needs. In 2017 we recognised that we are not always consistent in evaluating the benefits and challenges of these projects. We want to ensure that service developments are evaluated for cost effectiveness and benefit to our patient population. Our evaluation expertise was based in the research team and a limited resource. Aim To expand our capacity and expertise in conducting evaluations and to embed this in a variety of departments. Method Having secured funding from the Health Innovation Network (HIN) we are developing a team of Hospice Evaluation Champions (HECs) drawn from clinical and non- clinical staff. Guided by an external expert, the team meet on a regular basis to work on individual projects related to their own departments/projects and to learn together about the techniques and methodology appropriate to conducting a meaningful evaluation. Results The programme of monthly workshops, individual supervision and peer support has resulted in the following ongoing evaluation projects Referrals to the medical team (Medical Consultant) Discharge Buddy introduction (Volunteer Manager) Introduction of IPOS (Quality Improvement Manager) Enhanced Support Service (Nurse Consultant) Introduction of HECs (Research Lead) In conducting the evaluations the HECs have developed understanding and experience in using a range of tools including focus groups, interviews, questionnaires, diaries, and interrogation of existing data. They have also been supported in reporting and dissemination of evaluation results. Dissemination On completion of the one year HEC project(s) the results will be disseminated through the hospice networks, through the HIN networks and through publication in journal articles. HECs will provide a cluster of expertise which will be able to support both internal and partnership projects in the future.


The Florida blueberry industry has grown rapidly because Florida growers can produce high-quality fruit when few fresh berries are available and berry prices are high. Although southern highbush blueberry acreage has expanded significantly in Florida, Georgia, California, and Mexico during the last several years, better cultivars and improved cultural practices have increased grower production efficiency during the last several years, with promising production trends for the future profitability. This revised 4-page fact sheet was written by J. G. Williamson, J. W. Olmstead, and P. M. Lyrene, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, February 2012.
HS742/AC031: Florida's Commercial Blueberry Industry (ufl.edu)


A reduction‐based manufacturing process for creating technologically important multilayer structures from lattice‐matched ferromagnetic insulators and ferromagnetic conductors is reported. The process is demonstrated by growing a permanently magnetized double‐layer structure, consisting of lattice‐matched conducting (Ni,Co) and insulating (Ni0.4Co0.6)3O3 layers, through a single deposition cycle. The orientation of the metal cation network is preserved after reduction. Close‐packing displacements of Ni and Co take place in such a manner that the in‐plane hexagonal arrangement is preserved. This is critical for ensuring high‐quality interfaces joining the layers. At room temperature the hysteresis loop is centered. At low temperature the oxide layer becomes ferrimagnetically ordered, accompanied by a shift of the hysteresis loop along the magnetic field axis. The shift is assigned to exchange bias phenomenon. Biaxial compressive strain is responsible for the required ferrimagnetic ordering. Spin valves and closely related magnetoresistance random access memory and spin‐transfer‐torque magnetic random access memory devices are addressed as potential applications.


We report on follow-up observations of 20 short-duration gamma-ray bursts (T90 < 2s) performed in g′r′i′z′JHKs with the Gamma-Ray Burst Optical Near-Infrared Detector (GROND) between mid-2007 and the end of 2010. This is the most homogeneous and comprehensive data set on GRB afterglow observations of short bursts. In three cases, GROND was on target within less than 10 min after the trigger, leading to the discovery of the afterglow of GRB 081226A and its faint underlying host galaxy. In addition, GROND was able to image the optical afterglow and follow the light curve evolution in five further cases: GRBs 090305, 090426, 090510, 090927, and 100117A. Three of the aforementioned six bursts with optical light curves show a break: GRBs 090426 and 090510 as well as GRB 090305. For GRB 090927, no break is seen in the optical/X-ray light curve until about 150 ks/600 ks after the burst. A decay slope of the optical afterglow of GRB 100117A could be measured. Using these data supplemented by about ten events taken from the literature, we compare the jet half-opening angles of long and short bursts. We find a tentative evidence that short bursts have wider opening angles than long bursts. However, the statistics are still very poor and follow-up observations of these events are therefore very important to gain as much observational data as possible.


Background : Trichostrongyliases as zoonotic diseases are of major public health and socio-economic importance. Accurate identification of these parasites is the first step in strategic planning for the prevention,control and treatment of the parasitic disease. The aim of this study is using PCR-RFLP technique for genotyping. Materials and methods : samples were collected from elementary tract content of 70 sheep in Isfahan and Khorasgan slaughterhouses. Identification of Trichostrongylus was determined based on morphological character and key identification after direct and flotation methods . For genotyping studies, DNA was extracted and the ITS-2 of ribosomal DNA of each species with specific primers was amplified by PCR and restricted with the endonucleases DraI, RsaI, HinfI. The profile was visualized in agarose gel under ultraviolet transillumination. Results: The eggs of most species are morphologically indistinguishable at the generic level .rDNA-ITS2 fragment size of all species were the same size about 330bp, however, there were differences among species in their PCR-RFLP patterns. The two fragments produced with RsaI in all species were the same size about 138bp,190bp. The PCR product T.probulurus with DraI remained unrestricted. Restriction with DraI produced two fragments in the PCR product of T.axei and T.colubriformis about 110bp,215bp, however, the larger of the two fragments in T.vitrinus is smaller in size than in T.axei and T.colubriformis had a size about145bp,185bp.The two fragments produced with HinfI in T.colubriformis had a size about 90bp,238bp, By contrast other Trichostrongylus remained unrestricted. Conclusion: Based of our results from genotyping studies using PCR-RFLP technique, it can be concluded that four species had been identified .This study provides a pattern to distinguish Trichostrongylus species in Isfahan region using the DraI, RsaI, HinfI restriction endonucleases.


Although wireless and mobile technology is regarded as a useful tool for enhancing student-centered learning, few studies have explored the factors that may affect the application of this emerging technology in classroom situations. Accordingly, this study selects three factors (instructional belief, instructional routine, and features of wireless and mobile technology) via literature review, then utilizes a case-study method with a focus class and teacher to explore the effects of these factors on teaching in wireless environments. The main study results are summarized as follows: first, the case teacher held positive beliefs regarding student-centered instruction and innovative technology, but the teacher's instructional practices were significantly restricted by the teachercentered approach. This inconsistency between instructional beliefs and practices resulted in the teacher being willing to apply wireless technology but unable to bring it into full play. Second, the strong stress and misgivings about changes in instructional methods prevented the teacher from altering instructional routines. The contrast between student expectations regarding technological applications and the practical application of technology by teachers caused negative reciprocal effects. Finally, the workshop that adopted top-down dissemination and did not use on-site support in this study cannot encourage changes in instruction methods used by teachers. It is recommended that effective learning communities and teacher development programs be developed.


Abstract Informed by principles of environmental criminology, this study assesses patterns of sexual victimization among young riders of rail-bound public transportation using a sample of 1,122 university students in Stockholm, Sweden. Exploratory data analysis and logistic regression models underlie the methodology of the study. Findings indicate that the physical and social characteristics of transit environments have an impact on the likelihood of sexual victimization after controlling for individual factors. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.


Abstract Plans by the Hong Kong Government to introduce moral and national education (MNE) as a compulsory subject in primary and secondary schools in 2010 encountered strong opposition. The controversy over the plans has lasted for two years, with the government and its supporters claiming that the subject will help to instil a stronger sense of national identity in children and critics deriding it as biased and constituting a form of brainwashing. The subject is also seen as posing troubles or a considerable threat to local Christian schools because most of them have had their own religious education programmes for years. Most Christian school-sponsoring bodies and parachurch organisations oppose the subject's introduction, urging the government to scrap its curricular guidelines, and many say they will boycott its implementation. To bring the issues surrounding MNE into sharper focus, this article traces the development of Christian education in Hong Kong and analyses how local Christian communities perceive and have responded to the official proposal. Three prominent themes commonly emphasised in the Christian discourse are plural identities, conditional patriotism and universal values. These themes could shed light on wider theoretical discussion about the positive roles of religion and religious education for citizenship education.


[Purpose] This study examined the physical function of elderly community-dwellers with and without potential musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptom complex (MADS), determined by the evaluation criteria for the disease. [Subjects] The subjects were 522 community-dwelling elderly. [Methods] Subjects were divided into 2 groups, with (146) and without (376) potential MADS, to compare their physical function. Evaluation of physical function was made with the following 8 items: walking speed; 10-m obstacle walk; 6-minute walking distance; hand grip strength; quadriceps muscle strength; foot grip strength; sit-ups; and sit-and-reach flexibility. [Results] The results show that the age was significantly higher and the overall limb and trunk muscle strength was markedly lower in the elderly community-dwellers with potential MADS. However, in the analysis of covariance adjusting for the age and sex, significant differences between the groups were only observed in the foot grip strength and walking ability. [Conclusion] These results suggest that a decline in foot function and walking ability is characteristic of the physical function of the elderly with potential MADS.


Introduction: Many women experience various menstrual problems in their lives and adenomyosis is one of them. Adenomyosis is when the endometrial tissue grows within the muscular wall of the uterus. It forms a distinct nodular cluster of smooth muscle and endometrial glands, leading to the thickening of the surrounding myometrium. This condition is often associated with heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea. Although adenomyosis is not directly correlated with any disease in Ayurveda, based on symptoms such as Theevra vedana, shyava Aruna varuna Artava, and kati Vedana, it mostly simulates with Vataja asrigdara.Methodology: A39-year-old married female visited to the Outpatient Department of Prasuti Tantra Evam Stri Rogaat SKGAC & H, Kurukshetra, with complaints of pain during menstruation, dull aching pain in the lower abdomen along with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) per vagina with the passage of clots in menses for 3 months. She was supposed to be treated with an Ayurvedic line of management. Ayurvedic treatments can be very beneficial in relieving the symptoms of adenomyosis and improving the overall health of the patient.Results: The patient was given three cycles of Matra Basti for three consecutive before the menstrual cycle along with oral Ayurvedic medicines. The treatment given shows noticeable progress in HMB and dysmenorrhea. The outcome of the study is very positive.Discussion: The present study emphasized the role of Ayurveda in bringing positive results in the management of adenomyosis.Conclusion: In this case study we can conclude that ayurvedic intervention are effective in treating Adenomyosis and require further studies for longer periods and larger sample size.


Christianity finds itself in a new situation, one that resembles its first-century experience in that it will be shaped by a new dominant world culture. This culture is marked by three factors-the economy, the multireligious situation, and science. The author's discussion deals with the issues that arise in this engagement with culture under three rubrics: dialogue between science and religion, globalization of the religious encounter, and interreligious dialogue in a globalized world. The major assertions are: (1) Science and religions must avoid restrictive and expansionist relationships and work for reciprocal interaction. (2) Globalization is an unavoidable, but ambiguous, historical development; religions should reject responses of ethnification and primitivism and rather engage in strategies that encourage both productive encounter and critical distance. (3) Interreligious dialogue includes dialogues of life, of intellectual exchange, of religious experience, of common action, and of confrontation; this dialogue will seek to embrace truth (which involves science) and wisdom (which includes the various religious traditions) in the reciprocal interaction that is marked by love.


In the field of face recognition, it is always a hot research topic to improve the loss solution to make the face features extracted by the network have greater discriminative power. Research works in recent years has improved the discriminative power of the face model by normalizing softmax to the cosine space step by step and then adding a fixed penalty margin to reduce the intra-class distance to increase the inter-class distance. Although a great deal of previous work has been done to optimize the boundary penalty to improve the discriminative power of the model, adding a fixed margin penalty to the depth feature and the corresponding weight is not consistent with the pattern of data in the real scenario. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel loss function, InterFace, releasing the constraint of adding a margin penalty only between the depth feature and the corresponding weight to push the separability of classes by adding corresponding margin penalties between the depth features and all weights. To illustrate the advantages of InterFace over a fixed penalty margin, we explained geometrically and comparisons on a set of mainstream benchmarks. From a wider perspective, our InterFace has advanced the state-of-the-art face recognition performance on five out of thirteen mainstream benchmarks. All training codes, pre-trained models, and training logs, are publicly released \footnote{$https://github.com/iamsangmeng/InterFace$}.


We propose a scheme for the measurement of a two-mode entangled field-state in a high-Q cavity. The scheme utilizes the momentum distribution spectrum in the Raman-Nath regime of a three-level atom in V configuration. Due to the two modes of the electromagnetic field the atom may have x interactions with mode A, and y interactions with mode B, causing a complex momentum distribution. The momentum distribution of the atom after interaction with the quantized cavity fields contains the information of the field photon statistics. We reconstruct the joint photon statistics of the entangled field with the help of recorded momentum spectrum. We also propose to reconstruct the Wigner function of a two-mode entangled field state by injecting two coherent states resonant to each mode into the cavity and then measuring the joint photon statistics of the displaced field.


This research focused on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and its use in the context of immigration in the UK. Drawn from the decisions of the English Courts and the Researcher's own personal experience as an immigration, asylum and human rights lawyer, the research provides an in-depth analysis of the law in action. Instead of going for an academic discussion, the researcher's main thrust was a better understanding of how the jurisprudence of English Courts has developed in this field, often comparing it with the decision of European Convention on Human Rights. The researcher relied on case laws and on unreported cases where he was personally involved as the legal representative and as such has first-hand knowledge, as the primary source of his research.

The research found that contrary to the view of many commentators that the Human Rights Act has failed to protect personal freedoms, at least in the field of immigration, especially where reliance is placed on Article 8, English Courts have shown remarkable willingness to protect individual rights over state interests. The Judges have taken their role under the Act seriously, and if they find that a particular case is unlawful using established legal principles or other factors, they are not taking deference to Administrative action. Courts are treating factors like delay, mistake, problems of getting entry clearance etc as favourable to the applicants. Lower Level of the Judiciary seems to be keener in finding a violation of Article 8 than Higher Court Judges. This development appears to be unwelcoming to the executive and they try to restrict the judges' powers by bringing in sweeping changes. However, the courts undaunted by these obstacles, try to find a way out to uphold the individual's private and family life, even to the utter disappointment of the executive.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of tubal sterilization (laparoscopic bipolar coagulation) on serum baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol levels, ovarian volume, antral follicle counts and ovarian artery blood flow rate and to evaluate the correlation of these parameters.

STUDY DESIGN
Nineteen women who underwent tubal sterilization with laparoscopic bipolar coagulation were enrolled in the study. Ovarian volume, antral follicle counts, serum hormone levels and ovarian artery resistivity index values were measured before and 1 year after the sterilization procedure on the third day of the menstrual cycle.

RESULTS
Serum hormone levels, mean ovarian volume (MOV) and mean follicle counts (MFC), were not statistically significant before and 1 year after the operation (P > .05). The difference in ovarian artery resistivity index values was not statistically significant before and 1 year after the operation (P > .05). A significant correlation was observed between FSH, MOV and MFC before and after the operation (P < .05). No correlation was observed between MOV or MFC and resistivity index.

CONCLUSION
Ovarian function and vascular resistance do not seem to be affected by laparoscopic bipolar tubal coagulation.


The academic world is full of people with rich personalities, brilliant minds, and eclectic interests. Thomas (T. H.) Frazzetta certainly was a special one of these. He passed away on New Year's Eve 2015, following several months of ill health. Ironically, New Year's Eve was one of his favorite holidays, only exceeded by Halloween. Sadly, he was unable to celebrate either in his final year.


Malignant disease was diagnosed in 404 of 38,967 children admitted to a hospital during six and one-half years. In children less than one year old, renal and adrenosympathetic tumors were the most frequent type. Thereafter leukemia and lymphoma predominated until the age of 8 years. In the 10-to-13-year age groups, inclusive, tumors of the central nervous system and eye predominated. Twelve cases of bone tumor were observed, all in children past their second birthday. About one-third of the 404 patients came to medical attention because of a mass. The most frequent error at the initial examination was a diagnosis of upper respiratory infection. The two types of malignancy most frequently misdiagnosed were Hodgkin's disease and neuroblastoma. The fact that 75% of those who died from malignant disease were dead at the end of the first 12 months indicates the need for prompt action when the diagnosis is made.


A study has been initiated to evaluate some alternative vegetation managementtechniques on an electrical transmission right-of-way in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Three years after right-of-way clearing, fourtreatments and a control were blocked on south-facing slopes at three locations. The treatments consisted of 1) clearcutting by chainsaw, 2) a selective low-volume basal application of herbicide to tall-growing species, 3) clearcutting followed by a selective application of a tree growth regulator to cut stumps, and 4) clearcutting followed by a nonselective application of a tree growth regulator to cut stumps. After two growing seasons, mean tree heights for the chainsaw clearing and selective herbicide treatments were not significantly different from the untreated control. Treatments consisting of chainsaw clearing followed by application of a growth regulator provided the lowest mean tree height. However, areas treated with a growth regulator exhibited the largest increase of undesirable tallgrowing tree seedlings. The chainsaw cutting treatment resulted in the greatest mean height for those species considered to be undesirable components of a right-of-way plant community, and yielded the largest number of sprouting stumps with the highest average number of sprouts per stump. Although the long-term treatment effects cannot clearly be determined after two growing seasons, the selective low-volume basal herbicide method has produced a tendency toward increasing the relative dominance of desirable species within the right-of-way.


Abstract Knowledge of movements, range size and spatial overlap of sympatric deer is integral to understanding chronic wasting disease (CWD) in endemic areas and can assist resource managers in modeling the spread of the disease. We radio-collared 70 deer (30 mule deer Odocoileus hemionus and 40 white-tailed deer O. virginianus) in the North Platte River Valley in western Nebraska, USA, from 2004 to 2007 to document movements, size and spatial overlap of home range and resource selection of these sympatric species of deer. We compared home-range size and overlap and resource selection among male and female mule deer and white-tailed deer to examine relative use of space in order to understand the potential for indirect spread of CWD better. We identified forested, riparian habitats as high selection of use and these habitats could likely contribute to the potential spreading of CWD between sympatric deer that concentrate in these areas. We found that migration, size of home range of female mule deer, and similarities in resource selection could contribute to sustaining or spreading CWD in Nebraska. The role of female mule deer in the spread of CWD coupled with selection for riparian corridors by both species should be investigated further, because these factors may be a primary determinant of disease spread in the historical range of mule deer.


Recently there has been considerable interest in flexible display as the next-generation display. The flexible plastic has been recommended as a strong candidate for substrate, but these plastic substrates have many problems to provide the comparable properties of dimensional stability, thermal stability, and solvent resistance to glass in order to apply conventional thin film transistor technology to flexible display. Then in this study, a glass cloth reinforced polymer (GCRP) composite was prepared. To improve the thermal property, glass cloth with an excellent coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for reinforcement and organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterial with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) material having excellent heat resistance were introduced to ensure the excellent properties like transmittance, haze, yellow index, thermal stability and chemical resistance. The optical property of GCRP composite was measured by using a spectrophotometer and the CTE of GCRP composite was observed by thermomechanical analysis (TMA).


I analyze the determinants of the numbers of tax-exempt cultural and historical, sports and recreation, civil rights, and environment and conservation organizations in American states circa 1990 and 1998. Controlling for state population, aggregate measures of educational attainment and religious affiliation have substantial and statistically significant effects across all four types of organizations and for both philanthropic and nonphilanthropic sports and recreation organizations. In contrast, the effects of public spending, fundraising regulations, and direct democracy provisions are relatively small. Thus, the size and composition of these parts of organized civil society are largely independent of the public sector.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this is study is to determine if preoperative trophic feeds (TFs) can improve outcomes after Norwood palliation.

DESIGN
This is a retrospective cohort study.

SETTING
The setting is a pediatric cardiovascular intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital.

PATIENTS
The patients were 50 consecutive patients with hypoplastic left heart, excluding 5 patients with prematurity or other significant comorbidities. Thirty-one patients that received preoperative TFs (20-30 mL/kg) were compared with 14 that remained nothing by mouth. Decision to initiate feeds was based on attending preference. All patients had protocolized feeds postoperatively, with initiation via transpyloric tube when patient was on minimal inotropes.

OUTCOME MEASURES
Demographic, feeding, and other clinical outcome data were collected retrospectively from the patient medical record.

RESULTS
There were no differences in demographics or preoperative risk factors (mechanical ventilation and lowest pH) between the two groups. Overall survival to discharge was 78% (25/31 TF, 10/14 nothing by mouth, P = .7). Neonates receiving TFs had less fluid administration in the cardiovascular operating room (P = .002), a more negative 48-hour postoperative fluid balance (P = .03), and median 3 days shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (P = .006). Trophic feeds patients also had a nonsignificant trend toward lower peak lactic acid (P = .06), lower inotropic score (P = .15), shorter hospital length of stay (P = .19), and faster time to tolerance of full enteral and oral feeds by 3 and 8 days, respectively (P = .06 and .01). There were no episodes of necrotizing enterocolitis in either group.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative TFs before Norwood palliation appear safe and are associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, a trend toward more stable postoperative hemodynamics, less fluid overload, and earlier postoperative feeding tolerance.


The problem of an unsteady two-dimensional flow of a viscous incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between two parallel plates in the presence of a uniform transverse magnetic field has been analyzed, when in case-I the plates are at different temperatures and in case-II the upper plate is considered to move with constant velocity where as the lower plate is adiabatic. Fluid velocities and temperatures are obtained and plotted graphically.


Today, no businesses can afford to ignore marketing, because it plays a very important role in every company. Last years entrepreneurs have started to feel the need of promotion their products and activities. Competition is high not just from abroad, but also in our country. In wine field customers can choose from many products and wine producers should try hard to survive. Using marketing tools is in this field as need as in any other businesses and without them there is not a big chance to be successful. Marketing tool is a mean of communication with a customer and a customer plays the most important role. Using the right marketing tools can make your brand special – different from the others. Doing marketing research helps companies to know their target group customers that really buy or want to buy their products. Asking the right question in marketing research can help them to use the right marketing tools. In many cases it means to spend marketing budget the way that will truly communicate with their target group. Then there is just a short way to be successful – in our case in wine field.


Carotid body tumours are rare, but important. Their reputation for slow growth and virtual non-malignancy has had, in the light of experience, to be revised. Sudden spurts of growth are well known, and the tumour may become irremovable in a relatively short time. Aggressive local invasion and widespread metastasis are now well recognized. Histological features are no guide to malignancy. These tumors can nearly all be removed with an acceptable mortality and morbidity, without damage to the internal carotid artery. Ideally the diagnosis should be made by clinical acumen and confirmatory X-ray examination. Biopsy makes subsequent removal of the tumour much more difficult, and should be avoided if at all possible. Eleven personal cases of carotid body tumours are reported, and the technique of surgical excision is discussed in detail.


Fusarium species is one of the common pathogens of post-harvest spoilage to cause fruit rots on tomato and other perishable vegetable fruits. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity of Fusarium species isolated from post-harvest fruit rots of tomato, to identify the causal organism based on their phenotypic characteristics, to verify the pathogen of Fusarium fruit rot of tomato based on pathogenicity test and to classify the Fusarium isolates into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Carnation leaf-piece agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were used for phenotype-based identification of the Fusarium isolates with emphasis for characterizations of the shapes and sizes of the macroconidia and microconidia, colony features, growth rates and chlamydospores. A total of 180 Fusarium isolates were obtained from 13 locations throughout Selangor. F. solani was most abundantly isolated (34%) followed by F. semitectum (31%), F. oxysporum (31%), F. subglutinans (3%) while the least was F. equiseti (1%). Twenty seven isolates were tested for pathogenicity test by injecting 1 ml of the conidial suspension onto healthy tomatoes. All the tested Fusarium isolates were pathogenic on tomato with different severity levels. The non-inoculated control fruits were injected with the sterile water showed no any symptoms of fruit rot. The most virulent was F. oxysporum (isolate B711T) with disease severity index (DSI) 93.75%, while the least were F. solani (isolate B647T) and F. oxysporum (isolate B727T) with DSI of 37.50%. All Fusarium isolates were then classified into VCGs which were F. oxysporum (10 VCGs), F. semitectum (3 VCGs) and F. subglutinans (2 VCGs). The isolates of F. oxysporum were genetically diverse as depicted by the index and distribution of the VCGs. However, there was no strong correlation observed between VCGs of all three species and locations.


Bread-making sector in Brazil has been doing efforts in order to follow the trends of a demanding and competitive market, and the use of additives (oxidizing agents) has been one alternative. Bromate potassium (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that enhances the gluten chains. Despite their technological and economical benefits, the toxicity of this product has been demonstrated when used as a food additive. In Brazil the addition of KBrO3 in flour and bakery products is prohibited, in any amount. The French-type bread samples collected from 25 commercial spots were analyzed in triplicates, being in total 75 trials. The bromate detection was performed in two steps: firstly a screening test by using a qualitative analytical method for identifying the oxidizing agents-positive samples; and subsequently the determination of BrO3 using the fuchsin-bisulfite reagent. This component was found in all of the analyzed samples. The confirmatory analysis identified bromate occurrence in samples from six of 25 analyzed stores, corresponding to a frequency of 24 % of analyzed samples. In spite of the use of potassium bromate has been forbidden in bakeries, this additive has still been employed by bread factories, representing a risk to the population health.


We investigate the role of a real estate market in consumption based asset pricing models. A long-standing issue in this context is the inability of these models to match the equity premium observed in the data. Piazzesi, Schneider, and Tuzel (2007) use a model with housing services that comes closer to matching the premium. We look at the performance of this model from a different perspective. Rather than focusing on the model implied returns, we use historical returns to construct the Hansen-Jagannathan volatility bounds for the inter-temporal rate of substitution (a stochastic discount factor). Our returns include real estate returns in addition to the typically included returns on stocks and a risk-free asset. Then we calculate moments of a stochastic discount factor implied by the model from Piazzesi, Schneider, and Tuzel (2007). These moments are shown to be above the Hansen-Jagannathan volatility bounds.


Drought management as an essential approach for regional development and maintaining employment in south Khorasan province farmers in their villages in east of Iran. Rainfall is the ultimate source of water, affecting production of crops and other biomass by direct falling on the fields as well as supporting surface and ground water irrigation. However, possibilities of drought occurrence in Iran vary from once in 20 years. The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events like droughts, floods, heat/cold waves, cyclones, delayed or early onset, long dry spells, early withdrawal, and floods in drought frequented areas and droughts in flood afflicted areas have increased during the last two decades due to global warming. Since drought is defined by deviation from the normal rainfall, it can happen in all regions. Assessment and management of drought is complex due to its gradual appearance and long lasting impact or recoveries. Characteristics and impact of drought vary from region to region and year to year. Drought affects human, livestock, wildlife, bio-diversity and degrades the quality of natural resource base. Drought management strategies in the past were adopted generally during or after the onset of drought and lacked pro-active preventive interventions during normal or excessive rainfall years. A comprehensive assessment of drought environmental and socio-economic impacts provides critical information to rational decisions supporting drought mitigation policies and programs. The purpose of this study was to survey environmental and socio-economic impacts of drought in south Khorasan province farmers-East of Iran and prioritized them according to the viewpoint of farmers


A lot of questions appear in the construction course of the digital city, such as data islands, massive data storage and collaborative computing, etc. Traditional network processing methods do not meet the needs of the construction and application. The grid technology can solve these problems brought about. How to build digital cities In the grid environment, this paper presents a digital city spatial information platform based on grid computing.


In the context of Kaluza - Klein theories, we consider a model in which the universe is filled with a perfect fluid described by a barotropic equation of state. An analysis of density perturbations employing the synchronous gauge shows that there are cases where these perturbations have an exponential growth during a de Sitter phase evolution in the external space.


Herein, A549 tumor cell proliferation was confirmed to be positively dependent on the concentration of Fe3+ or transferrin (Tf). Gd@C82 (OH)22 or C60 (OH)22 effectively inhibited the iron uptake and the subsequent proliferation of A549 cells. The conformational changes of Tf mixed with FeCl3 , GdCl3 , C60 (OH)22 or Gd@C82 (OH)22 were obtained by SAXS. The results demonstrate that Tf homodimers can be decomposed into monomers in the presence of FeCl3 , GdCl3 or C60 (OH)22 , but associated into tetramers in the presence of Gd@C82 (OH)22 . The larger change of SAXS shapes between Tf+C60 (OH)22 and Tf+FeCl3 implies that C60 (OH)22 is bound to Tf, blocking the iron-binding site. The larger deviation of the SAXS shape from a possible crystal structure of Tf tetramer implies that Gd@C82 (OH)22 is bound to the Tf tetramer, thus disturbing iron transport. This study well explains the inhibition mechanism of Gd@C82 (OH)22 and C60 (OH)22 on the iron uptake and the proliferation of A549 tumor cells and highlights the specific interactions of a nanomedicine with the target biomolecules in cancer therapy.


This study presents a sub-cycle power frequency-based fault direction discrimination and fault classification algorithm for the series-compensated transmission lines. Also, it provides an accurate estimation for the fault occurrence instant which is helpful in synchronised waveforms-based pilot protective schemes. The proposed algorithm is based on capturing the initial change in the voltage and current waveforms caused by occurrence of a fault. The high-frequency components of the fault signals are first filtered out, and then the signals are sampled at a relatively low sampling rate. Unlike the conventional relative-phase-angle-based directional relays, the proposed algorithm is not affected by the current and voltage inversion phenomena due to the presence of series capacitor in the fault loop. Extensive simulation studies are performed to evaluate the proposed algorithm performance. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and a very fast and reliable protection technique for power transmission lines. This algorithm also covers non-compensated transmission lines and is able to well discriminate the fault direction even if the post-fault voltage amplitude becomes too small. It is also tested using some real data recorded from a high-voltage transmission system.


Set in the context of the dramatic increases in the price of gas which UK gas consumers have had to endure since 2003, this book explores how it is that UK gas industry liberalisation, which once promised ever lower prices, is now being undercut by the much less liberal continental European marketplace. To do so it uses a wealth of data to build up an analytical picture of the UK gas industry, segment by segment, from well-head to burner-tip. In so doing the respective roles played in gas price formation by the wholesale cost of gas, its transportation costs and the cost of supply by marketing companies are revealed for both industrial and domestic consumers. The central contention is that the replacement of administered arrangements by market relationships and competition have made UK gas prices far more sensitive to insecurities of supply, both small-scale and large-scale strategic. In consequence, companies operating along the gas chain have had to take up defensive positions to manage these new risks, relying particularly on either upstream production or captive domestic consumers to shield them. Nor is it the case that more competition, with more switching by consumers, can provide a remedy. Instead, the UK government will have to consider re-introducing price control regulation for domestic consumers while also requiring upstream companies to protect consumers from volatility by holding more gas in storage. As well as providing new insights into causes of relatively high gas prices in the UK, the book also provides a long-overdue source of reference about the UK gas industry: about its infrastructure, companies, marketplaces, contracts and regulation.


In the past three decades, the seed sector has experienced, and is now again experiencing, corporate concentration trends. The fallout of this consolidation is the subject of numerous concerns. However, the seed sector is rather poorly understood. Thus, it is useful to understand it better and to investigate the potential impact on the agri-food chain of the trend toward increased corporate concentration. The first part of this paper presents the main characteristics of the global seed sector, its stakeholders, and its size in the agri-food chain. Next, the corporate consolidation trends of the seed industry over the past two years are examined. The technological evolution of the seed sector is also briefly presented. In the last part of this paper, the fallout of recent mergers and acquisitions in the seed industry are analyzed. Opposing views are expressed on the impact of these mergers and acquisitions in the agri-food chain: while certain stakeholders worry about the risk of food power by the biggest companies, some others expect useful innovations.


The murine B cell tumor, BCL1, bears monomeric IgM lambda on its surface. After stimulation in vitro with LPS, the cells secrete pentameric IgM lambda. Comparison of mu-chains from radiolabeled intracellular, surface, and secreted IgM indicates that mu-chains from the three sites have different apparent m.w. Since the observed differences are analogous to those reported for normal murine lymphoid cells, the BCL1 cells were used for determining the structural basis for the differences in m.w. of mu-chains from the above sites. Comparative peptide analysis was performed on mu-chains from cell associated and secreted IgM. Approximately 25 peptides were identified after digestion with chymotrypsin and trypsin and analysis of peptides by cation exchange chromatography. All peptides co-eluted with the exception of a single extra peptide derived from the Fc portion of the secreted IgM. The same peptide was observed in a similar analysis using mu-chains from IgM secreted by normal splenocytes.


In this article, the authors analyze the investment performance of a large database of venture funds sourced from two limited partners. The results suggest that a portfolio of venture capital partnerships can provide an average return that is superior to the public equity market, although the individual fund returns are highly positively skewed. Absent these outliers, the level of fund performance is more in line with public equity market returns. This article also provides some preliminary evidence of venture capital fund performance during and immediately following the dot-com bubble.


Gaze tracking is a key building block used in many mobile applications including entertainment, personal productivity, accessibility, medical diagnosis, and visual attention monitoring. In this paper, we present iMon, an appearance-based gaze tracking system that is both designed for use on mobile phones and has significantly greater accuracy compared to prior state-of-the-art solutions. iMon achieves this by comprehensively considering the gaze estimation pipeline and then overcoming three different sources of errors. First, instead of assuming that the user's gaze is fixed to a single 2D coordinate, we construct each gaze label using a probabilistic 2D heatmap gaze representation input to overcome errors caused by microsaccade eye motions that cause the exact gaze point to be uncertain. Second, we design an image enhancement model to refine visual details and remove motion blur effects of input eye images. Finally, we apply a calibration scheme to correct for differences between the perceived and actual gaze points caused by individual Kappa angle differences. With all these improvements, iMon achieves a person-independent per-frame tracking error of 1.49 cm (on smartphones) and 1.94 cm (on tablets) when tested with the GazeCapture dataset and 2.01 cm with the TabletGaze dataset. This outperforms the previous state-of-the-art solutions by ~22% to 28%. By averaging multiple per-frame estimations that belong to the same fixation point and applying personal calibration, the tracking error is further reduced to 1.11 cm (smartphones) and 1.59 cm (tablets). Finally, we built implementations that run on an iPhone 12 Pro and show that our mobile implementation of iMon can run at up to 60 frames per second - thus making gaze-based control of applications possible.


We present an experimental study on magnetoacoustic imaging of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles embedded in biological tissues. In experiments, a large-current-carrying coil is used to deliver microsecond pulsed magnetic stimulation to samples. The ultrasound signals induced by magnetic forces on SPIO nanoparticles are measured by a rotating transducer. The distribution of nanoparticles is reconstructed by a back-projection imaging algorithm. The results demonstrated the feasibility to obtain cross-sectional image of magnetic nanoparticle targets with faithful dimensional and positional information, which suggests a promising tool for tomographic reconstruction of magnetic nanoparticle-labeled diseased tissues (e.g., cancerous tumor) in molecular or clinic imaging.


ABSTRACT The Sellers TT algorithm has been used to conduct a detailed pattern search in the amino acid sequence of human and murine γ-interferon. Each of these proteins contains two large repeats at the level of the primary amino acid sequence that divide each of these molecules into an aminoterminal and a related carboxyterminal segment.


The diagnosis and the precise localization of an abscess of the brain offer few difficulties in the typical case. The difficulties are, of course, more numerous in the atypical instance, but even there the diagnostic obstacles are not insurmountable. However, even when an abscess is diagnosed and localized, there arises the problem of devising a satisfactory method of therapeutic approach. The old axiom to evacuate pus wherever found, of course, holds also for an abscess of the brain, but attempts to carry out this measure are not frequently rewarded with success. The number of cured abscesses of the brain is still too small except for the isolated instances of satisfactory results in the hands of a few surgeons. Is this not due to the lack of a uniform and scientifically well grounded surgical procedure? It is true that several attempts have been made to depart from the time-worn, inade


Environmentally harmful and high-priced initiators such as azodiisobutyronitrile, perchloric acid and butyllithium are usually essential for most of the polymerization technologies such as radical, cationic and anionic polymerizations. Besides, it is also troublesome to achieve complete separation of initiators from the obtained polymers. Herein, a recyclable catalytic system for the generation of hydroxyl radicals by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide based on bi-nano-bionic enzymes (refers to the bionic enzymes constructed from two kinds of enzymes, Fe3O4@Au NPs) was successfully constructed. The magnetic and flower-like Fe3O4 NPs provided a recyclable and well-dispersed scaffold for immobilization of Au NPs, leading to enhanced catalytic activity of Au bionic enzymes. The designed catalytic system showed excellent catalytic activity for hydroxyl radical generation under various working conditions (pH 7–11, 15–100 °C). Impressively, the catalytic system was then employed as a novel initiating system (Fe3O4@Au NPs/H2O2) for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a wide range of functional monomers using different RAFT agents in both aqueous and organic solvents. The established initiating system provided an effective method for RAFT polymerization with a real-time control feature in a recyclable way by magnetic separation. It was found that over 93.9% catalytic activity of Fe3O4@Au was still retained after 4 consecutive operations of RAFT polymerization.


INTRODUCTION
Although operation within "golden 72 hours" from the onset of symptoms has been suggested for acute calculus cholecystitis, such early surgery is hardly possible in clinical practice because of variable timing of presentation. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 72 hours of symptom onset with patients undergoing surgery after 72 hours up to 7 days of symptom onset for acute calculus cholecystitis.

METHODS
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from November 2016 to July 2018. Patients with acute calculus cholecystitis were divided in two groups according to the onset of symptoms. Main outcomes measured were conversion rate, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay and intraoperative complications.

RESULTS
Total 64 patients were evaluated. Among which 18 (28.1%) underwent surgery within 72 hours of onset of symptom. Around 46 (71.9%) underwent surgery after 72 hours of symptom onset. On bivariate analysis there were no significant differences in mean duration of surgery, hospital stay and conversion to open surgery between two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure when done within 7 days of symptom onset. There were no significant difference in conversion rate, operative time, hospital stay, morbidity and mortality.


A case of a 32-year-old male patient with lower gastrointestinal bleeding is reported as an initial manifestation of Behc¸et's disease. The early diagnosis of this chronic-systemic disease is often very difficult, in particular with regard to the differentiation from chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, lower gastro-intestinal bleeding is a rare manifestation of Behc¸et's disease. An immunosuppressive therapy was initiated and the course of the disease with recurrent oral ulcerations gave evidence for the diagnosis. Further bleeding episodes or other gastrointestinal symptoms have not been observed during a follow-up period of 36 months. The diagnostic problems and the therapeutic management of the disease are discussed in relation to neighbouring entities.


NASA's high efficiency megawatt motor (HEMM) is being developed to achieve the performance needed by single aisle class electrified aircraft. It is a 1.4 MW electric machine designed as a generator for NASA's STARC-ABL concept vehicle. It has performance objectives of greater than 16 kW/kg electromagnetic specific power and 98% efficiency. A significant flaw in the preliminary electromagnetic design of HEMM was recently discovered. The stator teeth in the preliminary design would have caused the magnetic flux in the rotating components of HEMM to oscillate at a very high frequency (12,240 Hz). Two independent energy loss analyses are presented to show that the frequency of this oscillation would have been high enough to cause eddy current losses that significantly exceed the rotor's loss limit (51 W), despite the very small magnitude of the oscillation (<0.01 T). To eliminate these rotor losses while continuing to meet the target performance, it was determined that the stator teeth needed to be removed and the electromagnetic geometry of the motor needed to be revised. The revised, slotless HEMM design is summarized. Also presented is a sensitivity analysis of the new design to key unknown variables such as the temperature of and number of turns in the superconducting rotor coils and the stator winding's average temperature.


The pandemic has given many of us the opportunity to ditch the commute and work from home long-term, offering huge potential time savings. But to truly reap the benefits of remote work during the current crisis and beyond, we need to think proactively about how we restructure our workday in this new normal. The authors suggest six concrete, research-backed actions you can take today to create clearer work-life boundaries and optimize how you spend your time.