Abstract Recently, people are sensitive about healthy living and preferring healthy products in all areas including the textile goods. So it is thought that antibacterial textile products will be in demand in this context. For this aim different chemicals can be consumed in the textile industry. But different studies on the use of some different industrial crops have exhibited exciting results. In this study, beyond the known industrial crops and herbal wastes, dried and ground eucalyptus leaves were extracted and used in finishing of wool to color and gain an antibacterial activity. In the finishing process, the liquor ratio was chosen as 1:40 and experiments were carried out with and without mordants. After finishing processes, the samples were evaluated in terms of obtained colors (CIE L*a*b* values) and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Meanwhile, FT-IR and ICP-MS analysis, color fastness, and SEM images of the finished samples were also examined. As a result of these processes, it has been determined that wool fibers can gain antibacterial activities by using eucalyptus leaves and can be colored with this herbal waste. By the addition of mordants, the colors have differed and fabrics gained antibacterial activity against E. coli as well.


The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in the beginning of 2020 has made it necessary to review many practices in countless areas, changing our lifestyles drastically. Humanity has put health issues in priority to deal with the disease effectively. While health systems are having difficult times in terms of patient care, vaccination, and treatment protocols, existing designs in many areas have proven to be inefficient in preventing or decelerating the pandemic. As the disease is transmitted mainly by particle transfer through coughing, sneezing, and even with speaking, wearing face masks and keeping a distance of 2 m as well as hygiene (especially hand) are shown to be effective methods. However, long exposure to indoor air populated with people is still a major risk due to the possibility of high concentration of virus-contaminated air. Ventilation systems in general must be redesigned, not only in terms of filtering capabilities, but reestablishing the air streams taking place during the ventilation as well. In modern buses as well as passenger aircrafts, ventilation air is blown from a narrow outlet/diffuser to guarantee a laminar flow for passenger comfort. The air is then returned to the central ventilation system through a large grille that is mostly located in the rear part of the bus. The objective of this numerical study is to visualize the air streams within a bus due to ventilation. Examining the flow visualization shows that the exhaled air from the infected passengers in the front seats can easily be conveyed along the bus, making it possible to be inhaled by healthy persons in other seats, posing a high health risk. Therefore, it is suggested that the air not be returned to the central ventilation system through a rear grille, but instead longitudinal grilles parallel to supply outlets providing a stream perpendicular to longitudinal axis of bus, thus reducing the risk of contaminated air being inhaled by other passengers. © 2022 SAE International. All rights reserved.


This article explores the role of a missional social entrepreneurial church in the community. This kind of church exists in the community to be the light and the salt as stated in Matthew 5:13, 14, which says, 'you are the salt of the earth …' and 'you are the light of the world …' These two metaphors might teach us more about the role of the church in all communities. The missional social entrepreneurial church has to play a role in bringing a holistic transformation in the world. Holistic transformation should affect the human spirit, mind, and emotional, physical, social, political and economic spheres as the word 'holistic' suggests. The church should influence the community in a comprehensive way. The author is convinced that if the church can play its role, then a holistic transformation is truly possible.


Abstract The end of the 1980s saw Cuba in crisis as the collapse of the USSR removed the island's economic lifeline. But this crisis had been building for a number of years and many of the 'certainties' of the past were being fundamentally questioned. This questioning produced a particular brand of Cuban postmodernism, in which a certain rejection of the linear trajectory of history was being articulated in a country with a still-developing sense of its past but with a crisis that would undoubtedly alter that perception. This article intends to explore this ideological break with the past via analysis of the film ¡Plaff! (o demasiado miedo a la vida) (Juan Carlos Tabío, 1988). The film stands on the threshold of important change in Cuban cinema, coming as it did only a year before the collapse of the Berlin Wall on 11–12 November 1989 and the subsequent collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. The article will demonstrate how the film deconstructs old values and creates new ones via a recycling process of pastiche and parody, managing a difficult balancing act between the questioning of the authority of state institutions and support of the Revolution as a valid national project.


ABSTRACT Despite only a minority of Kenya's African population being literate at the time of independence, letter-writing constituted a significant form of engagement between grassroots political participants and national leaders during decolonisation. This paper sets out to ask why individuals and collaborative groups of writers sent large quantities of letters to their leaders, what they wrote about, and their expectations of the effect of their correspondence. It argues that these letters constituted a public sphere in decolonising Kenya. Through their letters, Kenyans debated development policy, critiqued the actions of the new governing elite, and set out their hopes and fears for independent rule. Furthermore, letter-writing also provided the opportunity for large groups of authors, often including those without sufficient literacy to write in their own name, to reach consensus among themselves on otherwise contentious issues. Just as importantly, the responses – at first constructive and later suspicious - of state officials to these letters illustrates the continuities and changes in the nature of governance during decolonisation. Letter-writing became less effective and more anachronistic as the post-colonial period progressed as the post-colonial state became reliant upon other rituals of political participation.


In Greek mythology, Panoptes was an all-seeing giant, with a hundred eyes, an epitet for Helius (the Sun, source of light) and Argus. Surveillance processes reflect the very complex features of how information and knowledge are being processed in the global society after the impact of electricity and light. Surveillance has a double nature: it makes ourselves transparent and it makes itself transparent to us. Therefore, it is difficult to see the broad map and to understand the deep processes of technology-based control going on in society. These processes are fed by Internet of Things, GPS-based tracking systems, mobile technologies and by the very contribution of personal data from society in a naive mode. This text will focus on these questions to analyse how light/ electricity impacted the way society is developing the dominant surveillance model: (1) who are the agents; (2) which are the tools; (3) which are the individual and social practices; (4) where and when does surveillance take place; (5) which kind of literacy is required to raise awareness about global surveillance and lastly, (6) how art can contribute to raise awareness in society. A general framework about the features, agents, tools, times and spaces of surveillance (a brief map of the impact of ICT and light on privacy) will be offered. Focusing on the core of the research questions we will explore how art is a critical response to the rise of surveillance and making surveillance processes visible (Trevor Panglen; Ubermorgen; Paolo Cirio), in different media (videos, installations, performances and critical objects). Among these art practices are inverse surveillance and reflexivity (Stephen Mann 1998) and Queer Objects (Zach Blass). The presentation will conclude with a synthetic map of the main aspects of the problem and a few indications about the role of art.


A novel, nostoxanthin-producing, endophytic bacterium, designated as AK-PDB1-5T, was isolated from the needle-like leaves of the Korean fir (Abies koreana Wilson) collected from Mt. Halla in Jeju, South Korea. A 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the closest phylogenetic neighbors were Sphingomonas crusticola MIMD3T (95.6%) and Sphingomonas jatrophae S5-249T (95.3%) of the family Sphingomonadaceae. Strain AK-PDB1-5T had a genome size of 4,298,284 bp with a 67.8% G + C content, and digital DNA–DNA hybridization and OrthoANI values with the most closely related species of only 19.5–21% and 75.1–76.8%, respectively. Cells of the strain AK-PDB1-5T were Gram-negative, short rods, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth occurred at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 8.0) in the absence of NaCl at 4–37°C (optimum 25–30°C). Strain AK-PDB1-5T contained C14:0 2OH, C16:0 and summed feature 8 as the major cellular fatty acids (> 10%), while sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids and lipids were found to be the major polar lipids. The strain produces a yellow carotenoid pigment; natural products prediction via AntiSMASH tool found zeaxanthin biosynthesis clusters in the entire genome. Biophysical characterization by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy and ESI-MS studies confirmed the yellow pigment was nostoxanthin. In addition, strain AK-PDB1-5T was found significantly promote Arabidopsis seedling growth under salt conditions by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis results, strain AK-PDB1-5T was determined to be a novel species in the genus Sphingomonas with the proposed name Sphingomonas nostoxanthinifaciens sp. nov. The type strain is AK-PDB1-5T (= KCTC 82822T = CCTCC AB 2021150T).


Medical practice offices are experiencing a revolutionary change in the microprocesses that have been the norm for documenting and communicating patient care for decades. While this revolution is welcome for dozens of good reasons, migration of data storage from the paper-based record to electronic form often causes considerable stress for all involved. This three-part series looks at electronic medical record implementations from organizational and sociological perspectives, and draws attention to the often unappreciated aspects of medical work that give rise to the stress. In addition, IT professionals' perspectives are also addressed to highlight how medical /IT professional differences affect the experience of implementation.


This study was conducted to develop PCL nanofibers with the incorporation of microalgae biopeptides and to evaluate the stability of chicken meat cuts during storage. PCL and PCL/biopeptides nanofibers were formed by electrospinning method, and the diameters obtained were 404 and 438 nm, respectively. The tensile strength, elongation, melting temperature and thermal stability of biopeptide-added PCL nanofibers were 0.245 MPa, 64%, 56.8 °C and 318 °C, respectively. PCL/biopeptide nanofibers showed a reducing power of 0.182, inhibition of 22.6% and 12.4% for DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. Chicken meat cuts covered by the PCL/biopeptide nanofibers showed 0.98 mgMDA∙kg-1 and 25.8 mgN∙100g-1 for TBARS and N-BVT analysis, respectively. Thus, the PCL/biopeptide nanofibers provided greater stability to the product and control of oxidative processes ensuring the product quality maintenance during the 12 d of storage.


With the development and routine use of real-time ultrasound scanning, it has been possible to collect 20 autopsy cases of infants in whom the ultrasound scan was first normal and then showed evidence of subependymal/intraventricular hemorrhage (SEH/IVH). Analysis of these cases with known postnatal origin of the hemorrhage permitted the development for the first time of a time scale to characterize the temporal evolution of the histopathologic reactions to hemorrhage in the premature human brain. This time scale was then used to define the histologic stage of the lesions in 27 other cases of infants who had a scan demonstrating SEH/IVH prior to death but who had not a previously normal scan. Only 2 cases were found to lie off the original scale, indicating a prenatal onset of the hemorrhage in about 5% of the total cases. Thus, postnatal events immediately preceding the onset of the hemorrhage are more likely to be implicated in the pathogenesis of SEH/IVH than prenatal or obstetric events. Comparison with similar reactions in the adult indicate that the early reactions by macrophages occur at about the same rate but the routine transfer of iron from macrophages to astrocytes and the much slower rate of absorption to form a cyst in the adult combine to form a complicated pattern that requires a different set of criteria for the intermediate and late stages in the adult.


Cellular radiosensitivity, assessed by loss of clonogenicity, has been shown to correlate with the number of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations. Also an increased radiosensitivity by hyperthermia has been shown to correlate with an increase in chromosomal aberrations. Therefore, determination of the number of chromosomal aberrations might be used as an assay to predict the radiosensitivity of tumors pre-treated with hyperthermia at clinically relevant temperatures. The use of premature chromosome condensation combined with fluorescent in situ hybridisation (PCC-FISH) has been shown to be clinically applicable. Therefore, the use of chromosomal aberrations as determined with PCC-FISH for the prediction of hyperthermia-induced radio-sensitization in human tumor cells was investigated. Confluent cultures of SW-1573 (human lung carcinoma) and RKO (human colorectal carcinoma) cells were treated with 1 h 41 degrees C or 43 degrees C hyperthermia prior to gamma-irradiation. Clonogenic cell survival and induction of chromosomal aberrations (unrejoined chromosomal fragments and translocations), by PCC-FISH, were studied at 24 h after treatment. Pre-treatment with hyperthermia at 41 degrees C for 1 h enhanced the radiosensitivity of RKO cells but not of SW-1573 cells. Increasing the temperature to 43 degrees C for 1 h enhanced the radiosensitivity of SW-1573 cells. When radio-sensitization was observed, a significant increase in the number of unrejoined chromosomal fragments was found but the frequency of translocations was not increased. Hyperthermia-induced radio-sensitization is correlated with an increase in unrejoined chromosomal fragments. This suggests that determination of the number of chromosomal fragments after hyperthermia and radiation treatment might be used for the prediction of combined treatment response in cancer patients.


This thesis focuses on two aspects which are of major importance in the broad field of control measures in occupational hygiene: the selection of control measures in a structured way and the impact of factors modifying the effectiveness of these control measures. The main objectives of the thesis are to determine the feasibility of a model approach in the selection of control measures and to assess the impact of work practices on the exposure to and uptake of chemical agents. Two models, i.e. the "dynamic model of exposure, susceptibility and effect" and the "multiple source model" describe the impact of control measures on workers' exposure. The feasibility of these models and the impact of the factors modifying the effectiveness of control measures was studied in the occupational hygiene practice by performing field studies at different types of workplaces: chromium plateries, lead smelter, battery factory and at construction sites. In the lead and chromium industries environmental and biological monitoring was carried out together with observations and questionnaires to assess hygienic behaviour. In the construction industry quartz exposure was characterized by personal air sampling and workplace observations. From the results of these studies it can be concluded that the application of the two models proved to be an important aid in the determination of sources of exposure. Consequently the selection of control measures in different branches of industry was facilitated. The differences in individual hygienic behaviour and working methods proved to be an important modifier of the relation between external and internal exposure. These results indicate that work practices need to be considered in the implementation of control measures.


Polymer-shelled micro-bubbles are employed as ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) and vesicles for targeted drug delivery. UCA-based delivery of the therapeutic payload relies on ultrasound-induced shell rupture. The fragility of two polymer-shelled UCAs manufactured by Point Biomedical or Philips Research was investigated by characterizing their response to static overpressure. The nominal diameters of Point and Philips UCAs were 3 μm and 2 μm, respectively. The UCAs were subjected to static overpressure in a glycerol-filled test chamber with a microscope-reticule lid. UCAs were reconstituted in 0.1 mL of water and added over the glycerol surface in contact with the reticule. A video-microscope imaged UCAs as glycerol was injected (5 mL∕h) to vary the pressure from 2 to 180 kPa over 1 h. Neither UCA population responded to overpressure until the rupture threshold was exceeded, which resulted in abrupt destruction. The rupture data for both UCAs indicated three subclasses that exhibited different rupture behavior, although their mean diameters were not statistically different. The rupture pressures provided a measure of UCA fragility; the Philips UCAs were more resilient than Point UCAs. Results were compared to theoretical models of spherical shells under compression. Observed variations in rupture pressures are attributed to shell imperfections. These results may provide means to optimize polymeric UCAs for drug delivery and elucidate associated mechanisms.


A 50-year-old woman presented to our dermatology clinic with pruritic lesions on her hands that had appeared 24 hours earlier. The clinical manifestations had started 24 hours after taking 100 mg of doxycycline for acute bronchitis. She had no history of allergic disease or allergic reactions to drugs. The dermatologic examination revealed multiple erythematous, purplish annular patches with overlying bullae with hemorrhagic content on both palms (Figure 1). The patient had no fever, and the rest of the physical examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Results of laboratory tests were within normal limits. A skin biopsy was performed, showing hydrophic degenerations of the basal membrane, a superficial perivascular infiltrate consisting of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and red blood cells in the dermis (Figure 2). A pharmacovigilance investigation was conducted, and doxycycline was confirmed as the agent responsible for the bullous fixed drug eruption (FDE) in our patient.


Among 385 patients of surgical resected lung cancer, 88 (22.8%) were pT1 tumors. The overall five year survival rate of these patients was 75.8%. There was statistically significant difference in survival rate depending on the pTNM staging, degree of differentiation and cytological atypia (CAT). Among these prognostic factors, CAT was most important. CAT may be an indicator to predict the postoperative prognosis of the patients and may contribute to the determination of the surgical indication.


Session types are becoming popular and have been integrated in several mainstream programming languages. Nevertheless, while many programming languages consider asynchronous fifo channel communication, the notion of subtyping used in session type implementations is the one defined by Gay and Hole for synchronous communication. This might be because there are several notions of asynchronous session subtyping, these notions are usually undecidable, and only recently sound (but not complete) algorithmic characterizations for these subtypings have been proposed. But the fact that the definition of asynchronous session subtyping and the theory behind related algorithms are not easily accessible to non-experts may also prevent further integration. The aim of this paper, and of the tool presented therein, is to make the growing body of knowledge about asynchronous session subtyping more accessible, thus promoting its integration in practical applications of session types.


BACKGROUND
 Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) are ubiquitously used to store, share, and view radiological information for preoperative planning across surgical specialties. Although traditional PACS software has proven reliable in terms of display accuracy and ease of use, it remains limited by its inherent representation of medical imaging in 2 dimensions. Augmented reality (AR) systems present an exciting opportunity to complement traditional PACS capabilities.

 OBJECTIVE
 This study aims to evaluate the technical feasibility of using a novel AR platform, with holograms derived from computed tomography (CT) imaging, as a supplement to traditional PACS for presurgical planning in complex surgical procedures.

 METHODS
 Independent readers measured objects of predetermined, anthropomorphically correlated sizes using the circumference and angle tools of standard-of-care PACS software and a newly developed augmented reality presurgical planning system (ARPPS).

 RESULTS
 Measurements taken with the standard PACS and the ARPPS showed no statistically significant differences. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.08% (95% CI –4.20% to 4.36%) for measurements taken with PACS versus ARPPS' circumference tools and –1.84% (95% CI –6.17% to 2.14%) for measurements with the systems' angle tools. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients were 1.00 and 0.98 for the circumference and angle measurements, respectively, indicating almost perfect strength of agreement between ARPPS and PACS. Intraclass correlation showed no statistically significant difference between the readers for either measurement tool on each system.

 CONCLUSIONS
 ARPPS can be an effective, accurate, and precise means of 3D visualization and measurement of CT-derived holograms in the presurgical care timeline.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of corilagin on inflammation and collagen deposition in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model and uncover the mechanism.

METHODS
We constructed a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma. Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assays were conducted to detect the effects of corilagin on cytokines and Immunoglobulin E (IgE) production. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to show pathological features in lung tissues. Masson trichrome assay was used to examine collagen deposition. In addition, the lung function was detected by mouse lung function apparatus. Immunoblot was used to confirm the mechanism.

RESULTS
Corilagin alleviates OVA-induced cytokine and IgE production. In addition, corilagin alleviates OVA-induced pathological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues. Corilagin also suppressed airway resistance and lung function in mice. Mechanically, corilagin activated the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in lung tissues.

CONCLUSION
Corilagin attenuates airway inflammation and collagen deposition in OVA-induced asthmatic mice via AMPK pathway.


The 250m 16-day composite EOS/MODIS products (MOD13Q1) from 2000 to 2006 were chosen for monitoring annual and seasonal variation of Gahai Lake area. And the effects of meteorological factors on Gahai Lake were also discussed. The method of single band with threshold value was applied to lake extraction. The results showed that in 2000~2002 Gahai Lake often dried up, but the lake water appearance time advanced each year. Since 2003, Gahai Lake didn't drought up. The annual average, maximum and minimum area of Gahai Lake increased year after year. Due to some recovery measures, such as the Project "Zhongqu River Water to Gahai Lake" and the Project "Converting Grazing to Grassland", Gahai Lake area expanded quickly. Its seasonal variation presented peak-valley-peak trend, and the appearance time of peak value and valley value were different each year. In addition, Gahai Lake area was distinctly influenced by meteorological factors.


Two hypotheses implicit in the use of composite measures of attributions in tests of learned helplessness theory (but not implicit in the theory itself) were tested: the hypotheses that relationships between depression and the three types of attributions are equal in magnitude, and linear. To test these hypotheses, data from three published studies of the reformulated learned helplessness theory of depression (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) were reanalyzed. The hypothesis that internal, stable, and global attributions are equally related to depression was tested and rejected. Increases in internal attributions were related to depression in one sample: increases in global attributions for negative events were related to depression in two samples: stability attributions for negative events were unrelated to depression. The relationship between attributions and depression was nonlinear .in one of the three populations studied. Finally, a third hypothesis was tested: the hypothesis that the relationship between attributions and depression is equal across samples. The hypothesis was rejected: attributions for negative events were more highly related to depression in a psychiatric sample than in normal populations. Implications of these findings for learned helplessness theory and for the use of composite measures of attributional style are discussed.


Excitation cross sections have been calculated using a close-coupling approach involving two-centre single and double excited states for H - H collisions in the energy range 1 - 100 keV. The present results are in agreement with one of the two independent sets of measurements for the excitation H(2s) cross sections. For H(2p) cross sections the discrepancies between previous calculations and the only set of existing measurements remain unresolved. The present calculations indicate that the cross sections have a strong dependence on the total electronic spin: at low energies the cross section is dominated by triplet states, whereas singlet states contribute mostly at intermediate energies.


The following is a case report of a patient hospitalized on our adult psychiatry unit who died unexpectedly 2 months after hospital discharge. We present this case to raise awareness of the deadly effects of an underdiagnosed psychiatric disorder.


The Moldovan presidential election, which took place on 13 November, was framed as a straight choice between pro-Russian and pro-European candidates. The subsequent victory of Igor Dodon has been viewed as marking the end of Moldova's Europeanisation and a potential return to Moscow's sphere of influence, some seven years after the 'Twitter Revolution' that brought down the Moldovan communists. Daniel Brett looks at why Dodon won, how he won, and the potential consequences of his victory for the country.


22 healthy subjects aged from 25 to 45, mean age 32.7+/-5.3, have been observed. Every patient was subjected to diagnosing cerebral hemodynamics carried out every 7 days during 6 weeks. The circulation of common carotid artery, middle cerebral arteries and internal jugular arteries has been studied by means of LOGIQ-500MD (GE MS, USA) apparatus. The determination of arterio-venouse balance of cerebral hemodynamics was shown to be worthwhile for common carotid artery and its homolateral internal jugular artery. Arterio-venouse balance is presented as a ratio of circulation blood velocity in common carotid and internal jugular arteries.


Sapto Kuncoro . 2010. The Analysis of Compliment Expression in The Film
Entitled White Chicks. Thesis: English Department of Non-Regular program.
Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
This research focuses on the compliments used by the characters in the
film entitled white chicks. This research was conducted to describe the types of
topics of compliment employed by the characters in the film entitled white chicks,
the functions of each type of topics of compliment, and also the compliment
responses expressed by the addressees in the film.
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. This research uses a
socio-pragmatics approach. The technique of sampling used is total sampling. All
conversations containing compliments and compliment responses were taken as
data.
Based on the data analysis, the researcher draws conclusions as follows:
There are four types of topics of compliment employed by the characters in
the film entitled white chicks, namely, personal appearance, possession, general
ability, and specific-act ability.
Following Wolfson's classification of compliment functions, there are six
functions of compliment proposed by Wolfson found in this research, namely to
affirm solidarity, to create or maintain rapport, to express admiration or approval,
to encourage, to express positive evaluation, to strengthen or to replace other
speech act formulas.
Most of the addressees in the film entitled white chicks respond to the
compliments by employing appreciation token. The appreciation token includes
verbal and nonverbal acceptance. In verbal acceptance, the addressees deliver the
word thanks to respond to the speaker's compliment. Meanwhile, the addressees
respond to the compliment by smiling in the non-verbal acceptance. Other
compliment responses used by the addressees are comment acceptance, praise
upgrade, down grade, reassignment, question and no acknowledgement. In the
comment acceptance, the addressees accept the compliment and offer a relevant
comment on the compliment. In the Praise upgrade, the addressee accepts and
asserts insufficiently of the compliment's force. Meanwhile, in down grade, the
addressee disagrees to the speaker's compliment because the object of
compliment is not worth. In response of question, the addressee questions the
sincerity or the appropriateness of the speaker's compliment. Finally, in No
acknowledgement, the addressees give no indication of having heard the
compliment, shift the topic, and even give no response.
Based on the conclusions above, the researcher hopes that this research gives
a contribution to the students in studying the speech act of compliments. There are
still many cases on the study of compliments. It is suggested to other researchers
who are interested in Socio-Pragmatics study to conduct a further research on
compliments structure and its vocabulary.


Wu Shan Shen Cha is the leaf of Malus asiatica Nakai., a special type of tea that is consumed in the same way as green tea. To study the effect of Wu Shan Shen Cha-derived flavonoids (WSSCF) on lesions in the stomach, a 15% hydrochloric acid–95% ethanol (volume ratio 4:6) solution was used to induce gastric injury in mice. The degree of gastric injury was assessed using tissue specimens, and the effects of WSSCF on the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The results showed that WSSCF could alleviate the damage of the gastric mucosa and gastric wall caused by the hydrochloric acid–ethanol solution, decrease the tissue and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice with gastric injury, and increase the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that WSSCF could increase the mRNA expression of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, catalase (CAT), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in tissue specimens from mice with gastric injury and decrease the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). At the same time, the results of the high concentration of WSSCF (WSSCFH) group were closer to those of the drug (ranitidine) treatment group. Wu Shan Shen Cha-derived flavonoids had a good antioxidant effect, so as to play a preventive role in alcoholic gastric injury.


This study analyzed the impact of varying the momentary cessation (MC) voltage level on the short circuit current of inverter-based resources (IBRs). To analyze the impact of the IBR MC function on the short circuit current, this paper proposes an advanced IBR model for fault current calculation to reflect its fault characteristics and a scheme for analyzing the influence of MC on the short circuit current. Based on the proposed methods, the authors conducted case studies using planning data from the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The influence of MC was investigated on the IBRs located at the southwest side of the KEPCO systems by screening the fault currents while varying the MC voltage. This paper demonstrates that the minimum MC voltage level needed for the fault current not to exceed the circuit breaker (CB) capacity can be proposed through analyzing the impact of MC voltage level on the short circuit current. The test results based on the proposed scheme showed that the short circuit current to power systems could not violate CB capacity if IBRs adjusted the MC voltage level higher than the lowest MC voltage level.


In the decade since Partners and Rivals: Representation in U.S. Delegations (2000) was published, Congress has experienced increased levels of party polarization. Congressional scholars have since concluded that this polarization trend has dramatically changed the context for deliberation, competition, and cooperation in the U.S. Senate. However, scholars have not explored the ties between increased polarization and representation within Senate delegations. In this article, we evaluate whether the dynamic of cooperation and competition among same-state Senators still exists along the lines identified in Partners and Rivals, or whether it has become merely a folkway of the past. We find that same-state Senators still construct distinct legislative portfolios designed to garner public attention and support, and that this still reflects a commitment to representation in the Senate.


BOLD fMRI arises from a complex physiological and physical cascade of events taking place at the level of the cortical microvasculature which constitutes a medium with complex geometry. Several analytical models of the BOLD contrast have been developed but these have not been compared directly against detailed bottom-up modeling methods. Using a recent 3D modeling method based on Two-Photon Microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations, we tested the accuracy of two analytical models to predict the amplitude of the BOLD response at 1.5T, 3T, 4.7T and 7T for both gradient echo and spin echo acquisition protocols.


OBJECTIVE
In view of the known health hazards of x-ray radiation, this study focuses on the basic hematological parameters: red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets count in x-ray technicians. The aim was to identify the affect of x-ray radiation on blood cell counts in x-ray technicians.

METHODS
The present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the year 2002. In this study, a group of 40 apparently healthy male x-ray technicians with age ranging from 25-50-years were recruited. They were matched with another group of 40 apparently healthy control subjects in terms of age, sex and ethnic origin. Both groups met with exclusion criteria as per standard. Red blood cells, WBC and platelets count were performed by using a blood cell auto analyser (Beckman coulter counter).

RESULTS
The mean value of platelet count was significantly decreased (p<0.01) in x-ray technicians when compared to controls. However, no significant difference was observed in RBC and WBC count between the groups.

CONCLUSION
The present study suggests that exposure to x-ray radiation causes decreased platelet count. Further, studies are needed to study the long-term effects of x-ray radiation on blood cell count in x-ray technicians.


ABSTRACT Additive models provide an attractive setup to estimate regression functions in a nonparametric context. They provide a flexible and interpretable model, where each regression function depends only on a single explanatory variable and can be estimated at an optimal univariate rate. Most estimation procedures for these models are highly sensitive to the presence of even a small proportion of outliers in the data. In this paper, we show that a relatively simple robust version of the backfitting algorithm (consisting of using robust local polynomial smoothers) corresponds to the solution of a well-defined optimisation problem. This formulation allows us to find mild conditions to show Fisher consistency and to study the convergence of the algorithm. Our numerical experiments show that the resulting estimators have good robustness and efficiency properties. We illustrate the use of these estimators on a real data set where the robust fit reveals the presence of influential outliers.


Like all cliches, Wales as 'the Land of Song' has a solid basis in historical fact. Welsh choral singing was a form of popular culture in the nineteenth century. Crowds followed the choirs in even greater numbers than in football matches and Eisteddfod competitions frequently became 'choral bull-fights' where keenly honed rivalries spilled over into betting, missile throwing, assaults on adjudicators and general violence. This is the story of Wales as the 'the Land of Song' as it has never been told before - colourful, dramatic and uplifting. This enthralling social history focuses on such groups as the fighting choirs of Dowlais and Merthyr that raised armies of supporters, electrified massive crowds and aroused fierce passions. There is also Caradog's South Wales Choral Union which marched on the Crystal Palace and the male voice choirs of the Rhondda which toured the world and left a lasting legacy to all of Wales. These choirs, their audiences and the music they sang, as well as the wider musical life of their communities from oratorio concerts to amateur opera companies, are set squarely in the context of the society that nurtured them. Vividly written in a lucid style by an accomplished social and cultural historian, this is a celebration of the land of song in its hey-day that will appeal to a wide audience.


A large number of Latvia's inhabitants have left the country recently due to a variety of reasons. There have been several waves of emigration in Latvia's history. Generations of Latvians live in different parts of the world. Many have become assimilated in their country of destination, but there are communities of Latvians that have maintained their national and cultural identity, as well as traditions for well over a century. The goal of this study is to identify the set of skills, situations and character education – known as folk pedagogy - that are central to the retention of the Latvian idenity in the Latvian villages of Augsbebi (Bobrovka) and Kurzemes Ozolaine (Kurļanddubovka) in the Russian region of Omsk in Siberia. An understanding of folk education is particularly relevant in this period of regional mobility, when many people are leaving Latvia, finding themselves new places of residence and trying to maintain their ethnic identity.


Kalbfleisch, Paul. M.S.E., Purdue University, May 2015. Computational Valve Plate Design. Major Professor: Monika Ivantysynova, School of Mechanical Engineering. Axial piston machines are widely used in many industries for their designs compactness, flexibility in power transfer, variable flow rate, and high efficiencies as compared to their manufacturing costs. One important component of all axial piston machines that is a very influential on the performance of the unit is the valve plate. The aim of this research is to develop a design methodology that is general enough to design all types of valve plates and the simple enough not to require advanced technical knowledge from the user. A new style of valve plate designs has been developed that comprehensively considers all previous design techniques and does not require significant changes to the manufacturing processes of valve plates. The design methodology utilizes a previously developed accurate computer model of the physical phenomenon. This allows the precise optimization of the valve plate design through the use of simulations rather than expensive trial and error processes. The design of the valve plate is clarified into the form of an optimization problem. This formulation into an optimization problem has motivated the selection of an optimization algorithm that satisfies the requirements of the design. The proposed design methodology was successfully tested in a case study in the shown to be very successful in improving required performance of the valve plate design.


In this paper we make a case for the role of user context information in supporting task performance online, examine previous attempts at representing and making use of user context factors, and highlight the limitations of existing tools and services. We then suggest how the emergent Semantic Web might be able to better facilitate the capture of knowledge regarding user context, and provide the means for its reuse in supporting the performance of tasks online.


Compliance with private standards is rapidly becoming the decisive factor distinguishing inclusion and exclusion from the market for agricultural producers. If Africa would manage to increase its total exports by just 1%, this would make an impact surpassing the entire western development aid. Agriculture holds the largest potential to come closer to realising this ambition. For SFFs to receive a fair share or even to just survive in the globalising world, they need to have access to the local and global food markets. Research is needed that helps to counter the exclusionary effects of the private standards that rule these markets. In absence of effective (state) governmental control, the private character of standards shall be turned into a tool to achieve this objective. In this sense, research is needed that investigates the respective incentive structures in bargaining over standards and their enforcement.


One of Portuguese distinctive marks is the large nasals inven-tory, including five phonemic nasal vowels and three diphthongs. Previous studies argued for an initial oral part and a short nasal consonant, probably related to synchronization between oral and nasal gestures. These studies have considered discrete descriptions with EMA-flesh points, limiting our grasp of the whole vocal tract, and preliminary work using realtime MRI (RT-MRI) considered a small frame rate (14fps) and a reduced number of speakers, yielding a rather small time-resolution to study an intrinsically dynamic process. The recent advances of RT-MRI, with frame rates of 50fps, have made possible a finer detail of the dynamics of nasals. However, new challenges need to be tackled to deal with the resulting large amount of data and to foster analyses to tackle a larger number of speakers. Grounded on a new RT-MRI corpus for European Portuguese, this paper explores the capabilities of recent data-driven methods, to analyze dynamic aspects of nasal vowels and coordination. To this end, we consider data for 11 EP speakers and investigate vocal tract configurations, over time, and the coordination of velum and lip aperture in bilabial (oral and nasal) contexts. Overall, the results show changes of the vocal track and the model explores the dynamic behavior of the vowel tract along the production of oral and nasal vowels.


To prevent pollution of air, water, and land resources as well as the transfer of dangerous chemicals, waste must be seen as a potential resource, rather than something undesired and unwanted. The pace of trash production rises in tandem with population growth and industrialization. Mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) has negative environmental consequences, puts public health at risk, and raises a number of other socioeconomic problems worth addressing. A well-thought-out decision-making policy will significantly enhance the quality of the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) process. We require well-planned and well-designed municipal waste management systems to correctly anticipate the MSWM system. Many urban and rural regions in India have long struggled with waste management issues. People in rural regions let garbage decay and use it as fertilizer on their agricultural fields. As technology advances, different methods are being used to turn trash into energy. This article focuses on the need for trash to be converted into energy as well as other current techniques.


No field oflaw currently develops more quickly than the medical, particularly in relation to children, the unborn and the mentally handicapped, indeed one may say in relation to any life which medical treatment may affect. Over the past few years important decisions, both judicial and legislative, have been taken. It is not surprising, therefore, that the new edition of this leading academic textbook on the interface oflaw and medical ethics has been considerably enlarged. As well as pickingup recent casesandlegislation it includes new material onorgandonation by the living adult and the dead fetus, on treatment (including sterilisation) of the incompetent patient, and on HIV infection, and the chapter on psychiatry and the law has been re-written. As one would expect from academic authors the treatment is discursive, so that, although patience is required if one wants to master a topic, such as the current thinking on confidentiality after Dr Edgell's case, or the complex law of consent to treatment after In re F, the attentive reader will end up very well informed. On p. 281 the authors record, in the context of the mentally handicapped patient, Lord Brandon's statement of the common law in In re F, that treatment given to a patient who cannot for whatever reason give consent is not an assault provided only that other reputable doctors might well have done the same (the Bolam test). I would have liked a little more discursiveness about this novel pronouncement, which runs contrary to the established law that only absolutely necessary tretment is thus excused (the established law is treated on p. 230 without reference to Lord Brandon).


Ears from slaughter pigs with auricular elephantiasis (n = 24) and the corresponding lymph nodes (lnn.) (n = 26) were grossly, histopathologically and microbiologically examined. Immunostaining for IgM, IgG, Cd3epsilon and bacterial antigens of Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was performed by indirect enzyme-based techniques. Ears were variably thickened depending on the sampled area (basis, centre and apex). However, at all locations the thickness, the length from basis to apex and the weigh of whole ears with elephantiasis were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The corresponding lnn., that is, ln. parotideus superficialis and profundus, had also increased significantly (P < 0.01) in volume. Histopathologically, lesions of the ears and the corresponding lnn. revealed changes characterized by diffuse fibrosis intermingled with multiple pyogranulomatous foci containing asteroid bodies. In the majority of lesions, four distinct zones due to different cellular infiltrates encircled the central core of the asteroid bodies. In several lesions, the pyogranulomatous foci were contained within the lymph vessels. Immunohistochemically, only the bacterial antigen of S. aureus was detected within the cytoplasm of the macrophages and/or in the asteroid bodies of the ears (41.5%) and in the regional lnn. (30.8%). An abundant number of IgM, IgG and CD3epsilon-positive cells were present in all the pyogranulomatous lesions, whereas a positive IgG-staining was observed only in a single asteroid body. Thus, porcine auricular elephantiasis is a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation that is frequently positive for S. aureus and is lymphogenically spread. Therefore, the lesions of the ears with auricular elephantiasis and the corresponding lnn. should be termed auricular botryomycosis and botryomycotic lymphadenitis, respectively. Moreover, as the disease is observed frequently in slaughter pigs it must also be considered according to the welfare of the animals and in relation to post-mortem meat inspection.


1 Departamento de Engenharia Agricola Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua D Manoel Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmaos, Recife/PE. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.comemail@example.com 2 Colegiado de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental Universidade Federal do Vale do Sao Francisco, Campus Juazeiro, Avenida Antonio Carlos Magalhaes, 510 Santo Antonio, Juazeiro-BA. Email: email@example.com 3 Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Engenharia Agricola Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua D Manoel Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmaos, Recife/PE. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 384 Guimaraes et al. Rev. Bras. Agric. Irr. v. 9, no.6, Fortaleza, p.383391 , Nov Dez, 2015 This study aimed to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics and uniformity of water distribution from the uniformity coefficients (CUC, CUE and CUD) of emitters microsprinkler type multifunctional. The tests were carried out in the experimental area of the Department of Rural Technology UFRPE. It were evaluated microsprinkler MFN with black ballerina and nozzles with colors graphite (ǿ = 0.80 mm) and orange (ǿ = 1.80 mm). For the determination the flow rate, each emitter was subjected to pressures of 250, 200, 150, 100 and 50 kPa. Flow rates were collected a period of six minutes (10% of average flow) and measured using a precision balance. To evaluate the distribution collectors were used with area 50 cm, arranged in rows of four quadrants spaced 0.3 m. The coefficient of manufacturing average variation for the nozzle of colors graphite and orange were 1.66% and 5.07%, respectively, classified as good uniformity, according to ABNT. As for the flow, it was verified that tests showed a small tendency to overestimate, around 8.02% on average. Despite all configurations tested overlays have presented good results of CUC, CUE and CUD, only the graphite nozzle obtained results with diameter next to that provided by the manufacturer.


This paper deals with the adaptive control of a DC motor using fuzzy algorithms. The fuzzy logic controller attempts to tune the gain parameters in a PI controller without an accurate reference model of the DC motor system and tries to compensate for the parameter variations in the system. This paper also illustrates how to construct the fuzzy rules and the membership functions, which leads to an implementation of a fuzzy logic controller. Simulation results are included to show the corresponding behaviour of the fuzzy logic controller.


The departure of 'foreign fighters' to join terrorist groups in armed conflicts abroad has led many countries to adopt a policy of citizenship deprivation. This paper demonstrates that citizenship deprivation measures do not have the desired effect for national security, while increasing the risk of statelessness for the children of 'foreign fighters'. Citizenship deprivation laws in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands and the UK and the Netherlands are discussed, in order to view them against international obligations. It concludes that current citizenship deprivation measures are mostly problematic regarding the prohibition of arbitrary citizenship deprivation, the principle of non-discrimination and relevant children's rights.


The partnership between natural products and synthetic organic chemistry date back to the origin of organic chemistry itself. While natural products became a major driving force for the development of novel organic reactions and synthetic strategies, organic synthesis has contributed in many ways to the elucidation and confirmation of structure, pharmaceutical development, and biosynthetic studies of natural products. Due to the recent advances in both of these two disciplines, there are new opportunities and issues surrounding natural products that organic synthesis can be applied to, and such studies comprise this dissertation. Chapter I introduces the background information and rationale for the dissertation research, which is based on the history of organic chemistry and newly emerging research topics in natural products chemistry. Chapter II describes the isolation, characterization, and toxicological evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from a mixed assemblage of a marine red alga and cyanobacteria. Chapter III describes the isolation, characterization, and biological evaluation of a novel vinylchloride-containing fatty acid, credneric acid, from a Lyngbya sp. Chapter IV describes the conception of a method for determining the absolute stereochemistry of natural products lacking proper functional groups for derivatization. This methodology was applied to a cyclopropane-containing fatty acid and resulted in a conflict with newly published literature, which is discussed in detail. Chapter V describes the development of an expedient and efficient total synthesis of a novel alkaloid, epiquinamide, isolated from the skin of a rainforest frog, Epipedobates tricolor. This work contributed to clarifying the identity of a potent and selective nicotinic receptor agonistic activity observed in the extract of E. tricolor. Chapter VI describes the development of a total synthesis of a marine cyanobacterial metabolite, somocystinamide A, which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The synthesis was later modified for scalability to meet the need for further pharmaceutical investigations of this important natural product. Chapter VII describes the synthetic investigations on scytonemin, a cyanobacterial metabolite possessing UV-blocking properties. Through this work, many intriguing insights into the biosynthesis of the natural product were obtained. Finally, Chapter VIII provides the conclusions drawn from this dissertation research.


The 5th generation (5G) network adopts a great number of revolutionary technologies to fulfill continuously increasing requirements of a variety of applications, including ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-low latency, ultra-massive device access, ultra-reliability, and so on. Correspondingly, traditional security focuses on the core network, and the logical (non-physical) layer is no longer suitable for the 5G network. 5G security presents a tendency to extend from the network center to the network edge and from the logical layer to the physical layer. The physical layer security is also an essential part of 5G security. However, the security of each layer in 5G is mostly studied separately, which causes a lack of comprehensive analysis for security issues across layers. Meanwhile, potential security threats are lack of automated solutions. This article explores the 5G security by combining the physical layer and the logical layer from the perspective of automated attack and defense, and dedicate to provide automated solution framework for 5G security.


IT Governance is supposed to ensure the value contribution of an organization's IT to its overall business strategy. Due to various contingency factors, such as organizational structure or company size, models for IT Governance cannot be off-theshelf solutions, but have to be designed for each company individually. While there have been numerous scientific contributions dealing with the way and extent contingency factors affect organizations' IT, only limited research is available investigating the impact of organizational transformation on the establishment of specific IT Governance models. Against this background, the paper at hand reports on the findings from an action research study conducted at "Cerveza & Refrescos", a Latin American producer and distributor of beverages.


Objective: The study assessed the prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities among patients attending the dietetics outpatient clinic of the hospital.
Methods: The prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities were assessed in this retrospective study from the available in the outpatient clinic of the Dietetics Department in University College Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State. Age, gender, occupation, religion, height, weight, diagnosed diseases were extracted from the record of individuals who presented at the clinic over 72 months. Data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Result: A total of 3248 patients' records were assessed. Of these, 1174 (36.15%) patients met the criteria for obesity according to their recorded BMI; 614(52.3%) had obesity class I (BMI 30–34.9), 343(29.2%) had obesity class II (BMI 35–39.9) and 217(18.5%) had obesity class III (BMI ≥40). Obesity was significantly higher amongst females than males (p<0.05). The most prevalent single co-morbidity was diabetes 22.3%, while the most prevalent double co-morbidity was hypertension/diabetes 22.9%.
Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity amongst patients was significant. Diabetes and hypertension were the most dominant co-morbidity. Interventions should be developed to combat the increasing prevalence of the diseases and these should involve educating the public and clinical management of the diseases upon identification.


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influences of company characteristic and disclosure of goverments regulation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the annual report State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Firm characteristics used in this study is government ownership and profitability. Measurenment of corporate social responsibility,corporate social reporting by category to calculate Corporate Social Responsibilty Index (CSRI) is seen from the company's annual report. The population in this study were all state-owned enterprise in 2007 – 2010 in Palembang. The total sample is 11 companies,with four years of observation. So the total sample examined was 44. Data analysis was performed with the classical assumptions and hypothesis testing using linear regression. These results indicate that the factor against disclosure of significant goverment ownership of CSR in Indonesia. Meanwhile,profitability does not have a significant impact on the disclosure of CSR in Indonesia


Local features up to now are often mentioned in the meaning of interest points. A patch around each point is formed to compute descriptors or feature vectors. Therefore, in order to satisfy different invariant imaging conditions such as scales and viewpoints, an input image is often represented in a scale-space, i.e. size of patches are defined by their corresponding scales. Our proposed technique for detecting local features is different, where no scale-space is required, by dividing the given image into a number of triangles with sizes dependent on the content of the image at the location of each triangle. In this paper, we prove that the triangular representation of images provide invariant features of the image. Experiments using these features show higher retrieval performance over existing methods.


We employed solid state (2)H NMR, complemented by computer simulations, to compare molecular organization in model membranes composed of 1-elaidoyl-2-stearoylphosphatidylcholine (t18:1-18:0PC), 1-oleoyl-2-stearoylphosphatidylcholine (c18:1-18:0PC), and 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylcholine (18:0-18:0PC). These phospholipids have elaidic acid (EA) containing a trans double bond, oleic acid (OA) containing a cis double bond, and saturated stearic acid (SA), respectively, at the sn-1 position and were synthesized with perdeuterated SA at the sn-2 position. The temperature of the chain melting transition is depressed less for t18:1-18:0PC (31.5 degrees C) than c18:1-18:0PC (7 degrees C) relative to 18:0-18:0PC (53 degrees C), reflecting the smaller deviation from the linear conformation produced by a trans as opposed to cis double bond. Acyl chain order in t18:1-18:0PC (S(CD) = 0.135) in the liquid crystalline state is much closer to that of c18:1-18:0PC (S(CD) = 0.128) than that of the substantially more ordered 18:0-18:0PC (S(CD) > 0.156), which is attributed to the reduced energy barrier to rotation about the C-C single bonds next to either a trans or cis carbon double bond. A conformation that somewhat resembles a saturated chain and an intrinsic disorder approaching that of a cis unsaturated chain characterize EA and, we speculate, may play a role in the adverse impact dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) have on biological function.


New chemicals, based on the synergistic effect between inorganic polyaluminium salts and organic cationic polyelectrolytes, have been tested previously at laboratory-scale, and the most efficient product has been selected for an industrial trial for a dissolved air flotation unit of a paper mill based on 100% recovered paper (part 1 of this work). A polyaluminium nitrate sulfate salt combined with a quaternary polyamine has been evaluated in a long-term industrial trial for assessing its potential benefits. Results indicate that this new chemical is able to improve the removal of contaminants by dissolved air flotation, especially when the contamination load of the waters is high, allowing a further closure of the water circuits.


The preoccupation of the study revolves around relations hetwecn everyday life in Swedish schools and the multicuiturai context of Swedish society. Based on fieldwork, media debates, analysis ofpolicy documents, discussions with teachers as weil as teacher's educators, and interviews with principals working in the elementary schools of Malmo, the dissertation explores three analytical arenas; schools as (re)producers of values and norms, Ihe mullicullural school and finally Ihe localions of schools in lime and space.The aim of the discussion conceming relations between the functions ofeducation in modem societies, and migration related issues and aspects ofmulticulturalism, is to highlight paradoxes in the mle of schoois. The policy documents specify certain goals of education, which are paradoxicallv caught between the ideals of a traditional understanding of modem ity and consequences of migration and globalisation.Schools and education in general, have a pivotal mle in Swedish society, not merely as mediators of knowledge, but also as (re)producers of systems of values and norms. These values and norms constitute what is acceptable in society. The scope for 'othemess' is restricted but also negotiable and changeable. Va lues and norms in the context of schools are often considered to be self-evident and are therefore not up for discussions or debates in everyday work ofteachers and principals. Some ofthese vaJues are so weil integrated in a 'common sense', that they be come invisibleand unconscious, The ambition of the dissertation is to make them visible - to formulate and analyse them - to make a further discussion possible.The study concJudes that the concept of critical multiculturalism could be useable for highlighting ideological aspecls andparadoxes of the school in Sweden today, The mle ofeducation should be discussed in the light ofrelations between individuals and groups in society, and with self-understanding as weil as, self-criticism as key aspects.


ELMy H-mode pulses have been obtained with different hydrogenic isotopes (H and D) but having the same profiles of the dimensionless parameters ρ*,β,ν* and q, to test whether the confinement scale invariance principle is valid in a tokamak. The fact that the confinement times, the ELM and sawtooth frequencies in the two pulses all scale as expected suggests that the invariance principle is satisfied through the plasma radial extent, in spite of the differing physical processes taking place in the plasma centre, core and edge regions. An application of this `isotope windtunnel technique' to predicting the D-T performance of the next step devices is discussed.


The semiconductor industry's transition to three-dimensional (3D) logic and memory devices has revealed the limitations of plasma etching in reliable creation of vertical high aspect ratio (HAR) nanostructures. Metal-assisted chemical etch (MacEtch) can create ultra-HAR, taper-free nanostructures in silicon, but the catalyst used for reliable MacEtch-gold-is not CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)-compatible and therefore cannot be used in the semiconductor industry. Here, for the first time, we report a ruthenium MacEtch process that is comparable in quality to gold MacEtch. We introduce new process variables-catalyst plasma pretreatment and surface area-to achieve this result. Ruthenium is particularly desirable as it is not only CMOS-compatible but has also been introduced in semiconductor fabrication as an interconnect material. The results presented here remove a significant barrier to adoption of MacEtch for scalable fabrication of 3D semiconductor devices, sensors, and biodevices that can benefit from production in CMOS foundries.


A method of designing adaptive controller for high performance active magnetic bearings (AMB) is represented. The approach combines two simple architectures often referred to as a Dynamic Feedback Linearization (DFL) and recent advances in adaptive control design techniques to form a new approach for AMB. The procedure enables the designer to explicitly define the desired closed loop dynamics. The result is a straight forward procedure that enables the design of a robust stabilizing adaptive controller that forces the system dynamics to the specified desired dynamics, despite disturbances, modelling uncertainties, and variations in AMB dynamics. This method also guarantees the robustness of both stability and system performance and enables the design for other unstable, magnetic levitation plants.


Self-burning is the most devastating burn injury. It is a common social and medical problem in Iran. In a longitudinal prospective study, from April 2003 to March 2006, all burn patients admitted to Ghotb-eddin burn Hospital were enrolled in this study. Suicide attempts by burning accounted for 283 (21.9%) of all burn patients admitted to the hospital. Most (68.2%) of self-burning patients were female. Self-burn patients had significantly large burned body surface area (64.8±29%). Suicidal burns occurred predominantly in the age group 15-24 years (44.6%). The mortality rate for suicidal burns was (60.4%). Fars is a province composed of many different tribes and cultural minorities whereby major decisions are made by forums of clergymen. It is important to involve those clergymen in burn prevention programs to achieve a meaningful reduction in Self-burning prevalence. Iran J Med Sci 2008; 33(2): 110-113.


A stable, water-soluble fluorescent Zn/Cu nanocluster (NC) capped with a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), was synthesized and applied to the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate. A significantly amplified chemiluminescence (CL) from the accelerated decomposition of peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4(-)) by the nanosluster was observed. The CL reaction led to a structure change of BSA and aggregation of Zn/Cu NCs. In the presence of H2O2, Zn/Cu-S bonding between BSA scaffolds and the encapsulated Zn/Cu@BSA NC was oxidized to form a disulfide product. Zn/Cu@BSA NCs were prone to aggregate to form larger nanoparticles without the protection of scaffolds. It is revealed that the strong CL emission was initiated from the catalysis of Zn/Cu@BSA NC and the surface plasmon coupling of the formed Zn/Cu nanoparticles in a single chemical reaction. This amplified CL was successfully exploited for selective sensing of hydrogen peroxide in environmental samples.


Cell cycle is a process and function of a cell with different phases essential for cell growth, proliferation, and replication. Cell cycle depends on the structure and dynamics of the underlying DNA molecule, which underpins the genome function. A microscopic structural-level understanding of how genome or its functional module chromosome performs the cell cycle in terms of large-scale conformational transformation between different phases such as the interphase and the mitotic phase is still challenging. Here, we develop a non-equilibrium excitation-relaxation energy landscape-switching model to quantify the underlying chromosome conformational transitions through (de-)condensation for a complete microscopic understanding of the cell cycle. We show that the chromosome conformational transition mechanism from the interphase to the mitotic phase follows a two-stage scenario, in good agreement with the experiments. In contrast, the mitotic exit pathways show the existence of an over-expanded chromosome that recapitulates the chromosome in the experimentally identified intermediate state at the telophase. We find the conformational pathways are heterogeneous and irreversible, as a result of the non-equilibrium dynamics of the cell cycle from both structural and kinetic perspectives. We suggest that the irreversibility is mainly due to the distinct participation of the ATP-dependent structural maintenance of chromosomal protein complexes during the cell cycle. Our findings provide crucial insights into the microscopic molecular structural and dynamical physical mechanism for the cell cycle beyond the previous more macroscopic descriptions. Our non-equilibrium landscape framework is general and applicable to study diverse non-equilibrium physical and biological processes such as active matter, differentiation/development and cancer.


Seismic reflection data reveal thick sediment sequences of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene age in the region northwest of Taranaki Basin. A new stratigraphic framework for latest Cretaceous and Paleogene strata is created based on stacking patterns and stratal termination relationships of seismic reflectors. Sequence-bounding reflectors are tied to petroleum exploration wells, including recently-drilled Romney-1, to assign age and paleoenvironment interpretation. I identify the following sequences: (1) a late Haumurian to Teurian (68 – 56 Ma) aggradational shelf sequence, with at least two regressional events linked to eustatic sea-level falls; (2) a diachronous deepening of the basin that progressed from north to south during the late Waipawan to Heretaungan (53 – 46 Ma); (3) small-scale volcanism at the southern boundary with Taranaki Basin is contemporaneous with this deepening; (4) a prograding delta on Challenger Plateau during the Porangan to Runangan (46 – 35 Ma) that is evidence for tectonic uplift of the basin margins; and (5) an onlapping sequence from latest Runangan to present (35 – 0 Ma) that indicates Challenger Plateau subsided 1,300 m. A revised set of paleogeography maps and generalised stratigraphic chart summarise these observations. The Eocene phase (52-46 Ma) of tectonic subsidence and diffuse volcanism is one of the earliest signs of tectonic activity associated with development of the Cenozoic plate boundary through New Zealand. Petroleum system analysis reveals that southern Aotea Basin is prospective for petroleum exploration, with 3 plays identified in the Late Haumurian to Teurian (79 – 56 Ma) strata, in spite of Romney-1 proving unsuccessful.


Abstract We applied the multiple hierarchy stratification perspective to examine how access and use of municipal parks and recreation vary based upon the intersections of gender, race/ethnicity, age, income, place of residence, and education. We hierarchically stratified demographic combinations and calculated probabilities for having a park within walking distance, using parks, and participating in recreation programs. Findings demonstrated that as membership in multiple marginalized groups increases, individuals are generally less likely to visit parks and perceive they have a park within walking distance from home. However, program participation did not show a similar trend. Research has repeatedly identified various benefits of parks and recreation, yet disparities by social stratification may be impeding access to those benefits, particularly among those belonging to multiple marginalized groups. To reduce such disparities, park and recreation agencies should focus on increasing engagement among the most underserved groups—individuals with multiple disadvantaged statuses.


Spinning micro-pipette liquid emulsion generator for single cell whole genome amplification

Zitian Chen,a,b Yusi Fu,a,b Fangli Zhang,a,b Lu Liu,a,b Naiqing Zhang,a Dong Zhou,a Junrui Yang,c Yuhong Pang,a,b and Yanyi Huang*,a,b,d

a Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigations via Convergence (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, and College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
b Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
c School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
d Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China

* Corresponding author. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com

Many on-chip approaches that use flow-focusing1-3 to pinch the continuous aqueous phase into droplets have become the most popular manner to provide monodisperse emulsion droplets. However, not every lab can easily adapt microfluidic workflow into their familiar protocols. Here we develop an off-chip approach, spinning micro-pipette liquid emulsion (SiMPLE), to generate highly stable monodisperse water-in-oil emulsion using a moving micropipette to disperse the aqueous phase in an oil-filled microcentrifuge tube. Compared with on chip approaches, this method provides a simpler way to produce picoliter-size droplets in situ with no dead volume during emulsification.

In the previous work, we demonstrated that through microfluidic chips monodisperse droplets-based eMDA can dramatically reduce the amplification bias while retaining the high accuracy of replication, which enables simultaneous identification of both small CNVs and high confidence SNVs from a single human cell4. The key point of this method is the high-quality of emulsion generation. With SiMPLE, the single-cell emulsion whole genome amplification was also performed to demonstrate that this novel method can seamlessly integrate with experimental operations and supplies that most researchers have been familiar with. Meanwhile, SiMPLE generator has effectively lower the technical difficulties in those applications relied on emulsion droplets.

A schematic view of the device design is illustrated in Figure 1. In the setup, a hydrophobic coated glass micropipette (inner diameter of the tip at the level of 10 µm) push the aqueous solution out to form monodisperse droplets while spinning. The droplets formation process is shown in Figure 2 with a few specific droplets indicated helping to understand. We performed emulsion whole genome amplification (eWGA) and analysed sequencing results of single mouse embryo stem cells (Figure 3), the distribution of the read coverage shows greatly improved evenness for the SiMPLE-eWGA approach.

Compared to other emulsion generation methods typically based on microfluidic approaches, this SiMPLE generator greatly simplifies the experimental set-up and operation procedure, and rules out sample loss or contamination during liquid transfer. In addition, the size of monodisperse picoliter droplets can be precisely regulated by the flow rate of the continuous phase and the motion velocity of the micropipette tip. With further improvements in the engineering of multiple micropipette platforms and integration with other biological assay chemistries, we believe this technique will become achievable in more emulsion-based reactions in biological and chemical research studies.

REFERENCES:
1.Seemann, R., Brinkmann, M., Pfohl, T. & Herminghaus, S. Droplet based microfluidics. Rep Prog Phys 75, 016601 (2012).
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Abstract Pseudoaneurysms of internal, external, and common carotid arteries are seen rarely. Blunt traumas caused by automobile accidents are the prior reasons to this. Central venous catheterization, ballistic trauma, cystic medial necrosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, atherosclerosis, and other inflammatory processes are some other potential reasons for pseudoaneurysm. In contrast to true aneurysms, it does not contain 3-layer structure with adventitia, media, and intima sublayers in its wall. The wall contains coagulum and fibrous capsules. Clinically, after trauma, it presents itself as swelling after days to weeks of damage to vascular walls. Because it causes morbidity and mortality when it is ruptured, It should be treated via surgical or vascular intervention.


Aims: Due to well organized medical and daily care for children with spina bifida (sb) in many countries the number of adult patients with sb is increasing. After reaching adulthood individuals suffering from sb have to organize their medical care and assistance in their daily life mostly on their own. the aim of this study is to illustrate living conditions of adults with sb in Germany and to find out if lesion level as well as an individual's independence influence these conditions. Methods: Questionnaires were sent out to adults suffering from sb living in German speaking countries. Included were questions concerning medical history, need for support in activities of daily living (ADL) in the form of the barthel index and their current living conditions. Non parametric statistic was used to examine interdependencies. results: In the study were 261 individuals with a median age of 26 years (range 18 to 49) included. Of the participants 92% had a neurological deficit with a lesion level mainly in the lumbar region (64%) followed by the thoracic (25%) and the sacral (11%) region. Henriette Reinhardt1, Dieter Class2, Raimung Firsching3 Affiliations: 1Doctoral Candidate, University Department of Neurosurgery, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; 2Senior Doctor, University Department of Neurosurgery, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; 3Head of Department, University Department of Neurosurgery, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Corresponding Author: Henriette Reinhardt, Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, 38820; Email: email@example.com Received: 02 January 2018 Accepted: 19 March 2018 Published: 12 April 2018 concerning the living conditions we found a lack of autonomy in people suffering from sb. this is reflected by e.g. their housing situation, on the one hand, with only 32% of the individuals living on their own or with a partner, and their financial situation, with only 22% of the individuals being financially self-sufficient. the barthel index, a measuring instrument of independence in performing ADL, was significantly related to the lesion level and many aspects of daily life (e.g. communication and financial situation). conclusion: It is an enormous medical success that many children with sb reach adulthood nowadays. However many of these individuals stay dependent on support in various aspects for their whole life. so it is crucial important that care and therapy in childhood and later on are optimized with respect to the functional outcome to enable adults suffering from sb to live a selfdetermined life within the limitations of the primary underlying disease. the barthel index ilustrates the restrictions that adults with sb face and their general influence on a self-determined life.


Many tools for code smell detection have been developed, providing often different results. This is due to the informal definition of code smells and to the subjective interpretation of them. Usually, aspects related to the domain, size, and design of the system are not taken into account when detecting and analyzing smells. These aspects can be used to filter out the noise and achieve more relevant results. In this paper, we propose different filters that we have identified for five code smells. We provide two kind of filters, Strong and Weak Filters, that can be integrated as part of a detection approach.


A visible-light photoredox-catalyzed reductive α-aminomethyl carboxylation of styrenes with sodium glycinates and CO2 has been developed to synthesize a series of α,α-disubstituted γ-amino acids and γ-lactams with high efficiency and regioselectivity. Notably, CO2 released from the decarboxylation step can be reused for the subsequent carboxylation. Distinct from the previous reactions with the same type of substrates leading to simple decarboxylation and olefin hydroalkylation, this process involves additional CO2 sequestration, thus leading to olefin α-aminomethyl carboxylation. These findings not only provide new access to α,α-disubstituted γ-amino acids and γ-lactams but also serve as a proof of concept for CO2 reutilization in decarboxylation reactions.


In the 19th century, the history of philosophy becomes the history of a particular science. Modern philosophical historiography is an ambivalent project. On the one hand, we find an affirmative concept of Bildung through tradition and historical insight; on the other, there arises a critical reflection on historical education in the light of an emerging critique of modern culture. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the debate.


In recent years there was a steady flow of academic studies claiming that the mind or consciousness can function independently from a working brain. Such research is presented with great confidence as a scientific breakthrough and one that will alter received views on both humanity and the meaning of life as well as medical science in general and neuroscience in particular. In this article the three major streams of evidence for the existence of nonlocal consciousness are critically evaluated. Neither the testimonies of thousands of experients nor research on cardiac arrest patients or experimental research on veridical perception during out-of-body experiences at this stage provide sufficient evidence for such claims about nonlocal consciousness. Extraordinary claims about paradigm chances in the scientific world should be supported by uncontroversial and high quality evidence, which is currently not available.


A new perspective on how to manipulate molecules by means of very strong laser pulses is emerging with insights from the so-called light-induced potentials, which are the adiabatic potential energy surfaces of molecules severely distorted by the effect of the strong field. Different effects appear depending on how the laser frequency is tuned, to a certain electronic transition, creating light-induced avoided crossings, or very off-resonant, generating Stark shifts. In the former case it is possible to induce dramatic changes in the geometry and redistribution of charges in the molecule while the lasers are acting and to fully control photodissociation reactions as well as other photochemical processes. Several theoretical proposals taken from the work of the authors are reviewed and analyzed showing the unique features that the strong-laser chemistry opens to control the transient properties and the dynamics of molecules. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective The aim of the present study was to analyse gender differences in self-reported non-adherence (NA) to prescribed medication in the Swedish general population. We aimed to study unintentional and intentional NA as well as the reasons given for NA. Methods A questionnaire was mailed to a cross-sectional, random, national sample of people aged 18-84 years in Sweden (n=7985). The response rate was 61.1% (n=4875). The questionnaire covered use of prescription drugs, NA behaviour and reasons for NA. Results Use of prescription drugs was reported by 59.5% (n=2802) of the participants, and 66.4% (n=1860) of these participants did not adhere to the prescribed regimen. No overall gender differences in reporting NA were found. However, when analysing the various types of NA behaviour and the reasons for NA, different gender patterns emerged. Men were more likely to report forgetting [OR=0.77 (95%CI 0.65:0.92)], changing the dosage [OR=0.64 (95%CI 0.52:0.79)] and that they had recovered [14.3%, (OR=0.71 (95%CI 0.56:0.90)] as a reason. In contrast, more women than men reported filling the prescription but not taking the drug [OR=1.25 (95%CI 1.02:1.54)] and reported the development of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) [OR=1.89 (95%CI 1.37:2.59)] as a reason more commonly. The gender differences remained, in most cases, after controlling for confounders such as age, socioeconomic factors, medical problems and attitudes toward drugs. Conclusions Women and men have different patterns of NA behaviour and different reasons for NA. Therefore, if adherence is to be improved, a wide knowledge of all the reasons for NA is required, along with an understanding of the impact of gender on the outcomes.


The purpose of this study was to develop two scales, one measuring one's trend of cognitive appraisal, and the other measuring the usage trend of coping strategies against stressors. Most of the existing scales concerning cognitive appraisal and coping strategy are designed for limited usage to specific jobs or age groups. In this study, question items that are considered to be applicable regardless of the participant's job or age were collected from the existing scales of cognitive appraisal and coping strategy, as a step to develop scales with high generalities. Undergraduate and graduate students participated for more than once, and semantically redundant items were eliminated. As a result of factor analysis, 4 factors with 27 items were extracted for the cognitive appraisal scale, and 5 factors with 37 items for the coping strategy scale. These subscales and items were considered as minimal for both scales. Coefficient alphas showed high internal consistency. The eventual goal is to expand the application of these scales to various developmental stages. Further research collecting data from other developmental stages would make this goal achievement.


The representation of human behavior patterns is challenging due to the complex dependencies between features gathered by a sensor and their spatial and temporal context. In this work we propose a new Gaussian feature map representation that uses the Kinect depth sensor, can easily be integrated in home environments, and allows learning unsupervised behavior patterns. The approach divides the living space into grid cells and models each grid cell with a Gaussian distribution of features like height, duration, magnitude and orientation of the velocity. Experimental results show that the method is able to recognize anomalies regarding the spatial and temporal context.


Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD): MnSOD, encoded by SOD2, which is located within the mitochondrial matrix, and CuZnSOD, encoded by SOD1, which is located in both the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Because two different SOD enzymes are located in the mitochondrion, we examined the relative roles of each in protecting mitochondria against oxidative stress. Using protein carbonylation as a measure of oxidative stress, we have found no correlation between overall levels of respiration and the level of oxidative mitochondrial protein damage in either wild type or sod mutant strains. Moreover, mitochondrial protein carbonylation levels in sod1, sod2, and sod1sod2 mutants are not elevated in cells harvested from mid-logarithmic and early stationary phases, suggesting that neither MnSOD nor CuZnSOD is required for protecting the majority of mitochondrial proteins from oxidative damage during these early phases of growth. During late stationary phase, mitochondrial protein carbonylation increases in all strains, particularly in sod1 and sod1sod2 mutants. By using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we have found that specific proteins become carbonylated in sod1 and sod2 mutants. We identified six mitochondrial protein spots representing five unique proteins that become carbonylated in a sod1 mutant and 19 mitochondrial protein spots representing 11 unique proteins that become carbonylated in a sod2 mutant. Although some of the same proteins are carbonylated in both mutants, other proteins are not. These findings indicate that MnSOD and CuZnSOD have both unique and overlapping functions in the mitochondrion.


In this powerful and wonderfully accessible meditation on psychoanalysis, hermeneutics, and social constructivism, Donnel Stern explores the relationship between two fundamental kinds of experience: explicit verbal reflection and "unformulated experience," or experience we have not yet reflected on and put into words. Stern is especially concerned with the process by which we come to formulate the unformulated. It is not an instrumental task, he holds, but one that requires openness and curiosity; the result of the process is not accuracy alone, but experience that is deeply felt and fully imagined. Stern's sense of explicit verbal experience as continuously constructed and emergent leads to a central dialectic at the heart of his work: that between curiosity and imagination, on one hand, and dissociation and unthinking acceptance of the familiar on the other. The goal of psychoanalytic work, he holds, is the freedom to be curious, whereas defense signifies the denial of this freedom. We defend against our fear of what we would think, that is, if we allowed ourselves the freedom to think it. Stern also shows how the unconscious itself can be reconceptualized hermeneutically, and he goes on to explore the implications of this viewpoint on interpretation and countertransference. He is especially persuasive in showing how the interpersonal field, which is continuously in flux, limits the experience that it is possible for participants to reflect on. Thus it is that analyst and patient are together "caught in the grip of the field," often unable to see the kind of relatedness in which they are mutually involved. A brilliant demonstration of the clinical consequentiality of hermeneutic thinking, Unformulated Experience bears out Stern's belief that psychoanalysis is as much about the revelation of the new in experience as it is about the discovery of the old


Abstract. Women have long been underrepresented in the sciences, and their contributions are often overlooked. Previous work has demonstrated a significant productivity gap between men and women when investigating vascular plant authorities and the naming of plant taxa. No study has directly investigated gender inequity, as depicted through authority identity, in the field of lichenology. Our research goal was to describe patterns in gender identity and country of origin for authors of North American lichens. We compiled and analyzed information from the North American Lichen Checklist (including U.S.A. and Canada but not Mexico), independent research, and a gender API to identify the full name, suspected gender, birth year, and country of origin of 889 authors (i.e., people listed as authorities of North American lichen taxa). Of the total 4,895 unique lichen taxa in North America, only 3.2% species were named by a woman. Even standardized by co-authors, men authors contributed significantly more than women authors in this field. We also noted that most authors originated from Europe or the United States. This work suggests that the field of lichenology could provide more support systems for American or Canadian women to contribute naming of new taxa or combinations. While our work focused only on authoring new species as a contribution, we recognize that women may be contributing in other notable ways to lichenology in North America.


The second international congress on cytokines, held in Florence (March 23-25, 1992), has been marked by the presentation of recent data about cytokine-deficient mice obtained by homologous recombination which, contrary to expectation, exhibit normal T and B cell development. The cloning of a few new cytokines and receptors were also reported as well as recent advances in the knowledge of the oldest members of this quickly growing family. The meeting has also been marked by a great number of reports providing insights into T cell-dependent immune response. Participants provided evidence, through their different experimental models, that functional T helper dichotomy, TH1 versus TH2, was of physiological relevance both in mice and humans, while other reports highlighted the differential regulation of these T lymphocytes subsets. An interesting discussion took place about their differentiation process and the harmonization of the concepts of naive, memory and effector T cells with the T subset classification according to cytokine production profile.


Because of the difficulty and inaccuracy of antipyrine determinations, 4AA (4-aminoantipyrine, 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-amino-pyrazolone-5) was investigated as a means of measuring tissue water contents. Rapid, simple and accurate analysis by diazotization and acid coupling with N-1-naphthyl ethylene diamine was employed. Uniform distribution of 4AA between erythrocyte and plasma water, and between the water contents of various organs of dogs, goats and men was found. It was freely diffusible from plasma and cells but totally excluded from fat in vivo. The volume of distribution in men was equal to, or slightly less than, that of simultaneously injected antipyrine and it was metabolized by the body at a very slow exponential rate without any recognizable pharmacologic action.

Submitted on January 11, 1956


Guest preferences for room attendant services at Doubletree by Hilton Johor Bahru during the COVID-19 pandemic need to be detailed because of guest complaints that have been submitted via OTA. This complaint will have an impact on the hotel's image. This study aims to provide ideas and insights for decision makers in order to improve Room Attendant by understanding the preferences of guests staying at Doubletree Hotel.The type of data used by the writer is qualitative descriptive data and data collection techniques used ware documentation study and interviews. Data analysis techniques used to describe guest preference lists and guest reviews on the OTA for room attendant services with reference to hospitality, attraction, cleanliness, comfort, and safety at this hotel. Then analyzes preferences in the form of the most preffered reviews and the least preffered preference. In the research, it can be concluded that the reviews that appear the most are guests who like the room to be cleaned at breakfast, expect extra water and towels and the least preferred appears: does not like strong smells, guests prefer turn down service when guests are outside the room, and don't like the consistency of housekeeping and don't like the worn bed sheets.


In this study, the Mann-Whitney U test for two sample and availability analysis are applied on equipments belonging to a heavy dense cyclone circuit in a fine coal processing plant. Through the results from the Mann-Whitney U test for two samples, it is determined that the coal sieves fed by the upper flow of the cyclone (S25, S26 and S27) and the coal sieves fed by the lower flow of the cyclone (S28and S29) are identical. Using availability analysis, the performances of the cyclone pump engine (CPE), the cyclone pump (CP) and the coal sieves are calculated. As the result of this analysis, it is found that the performances of these equipment ranges from 96.60 - 98.99% and that they operate with a high performance. As a result, it is determined that the performances of the equipment can be calculated using availability analysis and that the Mann-Whitney U test for two samples supports this analysis.  Additionally, it is believed that these methods may help the monitoring of equipment in complex facilities and help improve fine coal processing plants.

 Key words: Availability analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test for two samples, fine coal processing plant, cyclone circuit.


Taking environmental procedural justice as a standard of assessment, this thesis sought to examine to what extent participation of all affected communities was achieved in the context of collaborative watershed management (CWM) in the upper-most part of the Mea Cheam watershed, Northern Thailand. Based on political ecology theory and discourse analysis method, the thesis first examines what characteristics framed watershed discourse in the study site. Secondly, it examines how civil society organizations (CSOs) as representatives of public opinion, responded to other actors attached to watershed discourse.
The first set of findings indicates that the watershed discourse in the study site was framed by three major characteristics: 1) environmental narrative that forest regulates flow; 2) development narrative that alternative agriculture contributes to income generation and 3) identity narrative of ethnic minorities as hilltribes. Second set of findings indicates that the way watershed discourse was framed had high influence on the way CSOs responded to other actors. Finally, participation was achieved but it was not socially just. Therefore, in order for CWM to become socially just, the weaknesses in representational democracy, blurred distinction between science and political dynamics and institutional problem of "fit" of CWM need to be considered.


To gain insights that guide important business decisions and, consequently, turn data into business actions, various methods and types of data could be used depending on the data's availability, accessibility, and costs. In consulting practice, the usage of widely published market reports and marketing studies is a standard routine. This paper is an example of how institutional theory could be applied in practice for analyzing and interpreting the findings from a typical market study. By contrast to other widely used qualitative and quantitative tools and techniques, applying institutional lenses is far to be mainstream for industry practitioners and strategy consultants. In the selected case from the wine sector, a market report has been hermeneutically "read" through lenses of institutional theory, which helped to identify coercive and mimetic types of isomorphism in the markets of Georgia and Ukraine.